Post on 18-Mar-2023
Load & haul
Mineral processingDrill and blast
Resource & Reserve def.
Wha
t is
min
eral
pro
cess
ing
A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality and quantity that
there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction.
https://www.boliden.com/operations/exploration/mineral-reserves-and-mineral-resources
A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a
Measured and/or Indicated Mineral Resource.
https://www.boliden.com/operations/exploration/mineral-reserves-and-mineral-resources
General Relationship between Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves
https://www.boliden.com/operations/exploration/mineral-reserves-and-mineral-resources
Relationship between ore reserves, mineral
resources, and the true extent of mineralization
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-0011-0
https://www.gexplore.fr/en/exploration_minerale/field-services/soil-sampling-with-manual-auger-for-geochemical-campaign/
https://www.directindustry.com/pt/prod/sandvik-mining-and-rock-technology/product-40142-1615082.html
https://www.gxcontractor.com/equipment/article/21221971/caterpillar-surpasses-3-billion-tonnes-hauled-autonomously-by-cat-command-for-hauling-trucks
Caterpillar Surpasses 3 Billion TonnesHauled Autonomously by Cat Command
for Hauling Trucks (May 7th, 2021)
Som
e bo
oks
Wills' Mineral Processing Technology: An Introduction to the Practical Aspects of Ore Treatment
and Mineral Recovery
8th EditionPublication date: September 1, 2015
Language: EnglishPrint length: 465 pages
ISBN-13: 978-0080970530ISBN-10: 0080970532
https://www.amazon.com/Wills-Mineral-Processing-Technology-
Introduction-ebook/dp/B014W5JNDS
Som
e bo
oks
Mineral Processing Design and Operations: An Introduction
2nd EditionAuthors: Ashok Gupta Dennis Yan
eBook ISBN: 9780444635921Hardcover ISBN: 9780444635891
Imprint: ElsevierPublished Date: 2nd May 2016
Page Count: 882
https://www.elsevier.com/books/mineral-processing-design-and-
operations/gupta/978-0-444-63589-1
Som
e bo
oks
Mineral Processing:Foundations of theory and practice
of minerallurgy
1st English editionJan Drzymala
https://books.google.com.br/books/about/Mineral_processing.html?
id=7w_jXwAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Som
e bo
oks
Basics in Minerals Processing Handbook
https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4993361/mod_resource/co
ntent/0/Basics-in-minerals-processing.pdf
Som
e bo
oks
Principles of Mineral Processing
Maurice C. Fuerstenau (Editor), Kenneth N. Han (Editor)Hardcover : 573 pagesISBN-10 : 0873351673
ISBN-13 : 978-0873351676
https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Mineral-Processing-Maurice-
Fuerstenau/dp/0873351673
Som
e bo
oks
Modeling and Simulation of Mineral Processing Systems
2nd Revised edition
Publication date 30 Aug 2012Publisher SME
ISBN10 0873353455ISBN13 9780873353458
https://www.bookdepository.com/Modeling-Simulation-Mineral-
Processing-Systems-R-P-King/9780873353458
Minerals by definition are natural inorganic substances possessing definite chemical
compositions and atomic structures.
https://llorensminerals.com/en/product/hyaline-quartz-0253/
Ore is a naturally occurring mineral containing a valuable
constituent (such as metal) for which it is mined and
worked
https://llorensminerals.com/en/product/hyaline-quartz-0253/
While metal content in an ore is typically quoted as percent
metal, it is important to remember that the metal is
contained in a mineral.
Given a tin concentration of 2.00% in an ore, what is the concentration of cassiterite (SnO2)?
Exam
ples
Wills and Finch, 2015
Step 2: Convert Sn concentration to SnO2
Solution
Step 1: What is the Sn content of SnO2?Molar mass of Sn (MSn) = 118.71 g mol-1
Molar mass of O (MO) = 15.99 g mol-1
A sample contains three phases, chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), pyrite (FeS2), and non-sulfides (containing no Cu or Fe). If the Cu concentration is 22.5% and the Fe concentration is 25.6%, what is the concentration of pyrite and of the nonsulfides?
Exam
ples
Wills and Finch, 2015
SolutionNote, Fe occurs in two minerals which is the source of complication. The solution, in this case, is to calculate first the % chalcopyrite using the %Cu Step 1), and then to calculate the %Fe contributed by the Fe in the chalcopyrite (Step 2) from which %Fe associated with pyrite can be calculated (Step 3).
Molar masses (g mol-1): Cu = 63.54; Fe = 55.85; S = 32.06
Step 1: Convert Cu to chalcopyrite (Cp)
A sample contains three phases, chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), pyrite (FeS2), and non-sulfides (containing no Cu or Fe). If the Cu concentration is 22.5% and the Fe concentration is 25.6%, what is the concentration of pyrite and of the nonsulfides?
Exam
ples
Wills and Finch, 2015
Solution
Step 2: Determine %Fe in Cp
Step 3: Determine %Fe associated with pyrite (Py)
A sample contains three phases, chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), pyrite (FeS2), and non-sulfides (containing no Cu or Fe). If the Cu concentration is 22.5% and the Fe concentration is 25.6%, what is the concentration of pyrite and of the nonsulfides?
Exam
ples
Wills and Finch, 2015
Solution
Step 4: Convert Fe to Py (answer to first question)
Step 5: Determine % non-sulfides (answer to second question)
PG
Mpr
oces
sing
Assessing the blue-water footprint of an opencast platinum mine in South Africa
DOI: 10.4314/wsa.v41i2.15
Scre
enin
g X
Sie
ving
N°. 10 USA standard test sieve. Wills & Finch (2015)
W.S. TYLERs RO-TAPs test sieve shaker. Wills & Finch (2015)
Metso ES Series screenhttp://www.synthesevideo.com/en/productions/technical-simulation/metso-es.html#prettyPhoto
Par
ticl
e si
ze d
istr
ibut
ion N°. 10 USA standard test sieve. Wills & Finch (2015)
W.S. TYLERs RO-TAPs test sieve shaker. Wills & Finch (2015)
1” = 2.54 cm
Par
ticl
e si
ze d
istr
ibut
ion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 10 100 1000
Cu
mu
lati
ve d
istr
ibu
tio
n (
%)
Particle size (µm)
Par
ticl
e si
ze d
istr
ibut
ion
https://www.microtrac.com/knowledge/particle-size-distribution/
Quantification can now be performed in several ways:
1. weighing: Each fraction contains 190 g of sample, or 25% of the total amount or weight. These values also correspond to the fraction of the total volume, since mass and volume can
be treated equivalently, provided that the density does not change with particle size.
2. counting: In total, the sample consists of 573 objects distributed into the four fractions.
Since there is only one 40 mm sphere, this now accounts for only 0.2% of the total number,
rather than 25% as in the mass-based distribution. On the other hand, the 490
spheres with a diameter of 5 mm have a share of 85.5%.
Par
ticl
e si
ze d
istr
ibut
ion
https://www.microtrac.com/knowledge/particle-size-distribution/
The quantity in each fraction is represented by
the letter p, index 0 means "number-based", index 3 means "mass- or
volume-based".
Par
ticl
e si
ze d
istr
ibut
ion
Probenbezeichnung : Calcite gemörsert water
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ver
teilu
ng
ssu
mm
e Q
3 /
%
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
Ver
teilu
ng
sdic
hte
q3
*
0.5 1.0 5 10 50 100 500
Partikelgröße / µm
Par
ticl
e si
ze d
istr
ibut
ion
https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_Advances_in_screening_technology_in_the_mining_sector_3405001.html
https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_Advances_in_screening_technology_in_the_mining_sector_3405001.html
Line
ar v
ibra
ting
scr
een
https://www.dahanmachine.com/product-center/LINEAR-VIBRATING-SCREEN.html
Spir
al c
lass
ifie
r (S
crew
Was
hers
)
https://www.beidoou.com/construction/types-of-aggregate-washers-features.html
Spir
al c
lass
ifie
r (S
crew
Was
hers
)
https://www.lzzgchina.com/news/what-does-a-sand-screw-do.html
Hyd
rocy
clon
es
https://www.mclanahan.com/blog/when-to-use-a-hydrocyclone-and-when-to-use-a-separator-in-your-sand-plant