Lecture 03 – - Classification

Lecture 03 –

ClassificationProf. Dr. André Carlos [email protected]

Load & haul

Mineral processingDrill and blast

Resource & Reserve def.

Wha

t is

min

eral

pro

cess

ing

https://twitter.com/StrayosAI

Load

Haul

DrillBlast

Mineral processing

R & R definition

Ore control

Market

A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality and quantity that

there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction.

https://www.boliden.com/operations/exploration/mineral-reserves-and-mineral-resources

A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a

Measured and/or Indicated Mineral Resource.


General Relationship between Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves


Relationship between ore reserves, mineral

resources, and the true extent of mineralization

https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-0011-0

Ore

bod

ies

in a

dep

osit

http://olga-krelin.com/3d-illustrations

https://www.lundinmining.com/operations/reserves-and-resources/

https://www.gexplore.fr/en/exploration_minerale/field-services/soil-sampling-with-manual-auger-for-geochemical-campaign/

https://pxhere.com/en/photo/628734

https://www.directindustry.com/pt/prod/sandvik-mining-and-rock-technology/product-40142-1615082.html

https://www.boartlongyear.com/product/s250-rock-drill/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_jumbo#/media/File:S%C3%B6dermalmstunneln_2009a.jpg

https://tsubaki-kabelschlepp.com/en-in/industry-solutions/mining-drilling/

https://biggest.fandom.com/wiki/Mining_Drill?file=Ertet4.jpg

https://www.boartlongyear.com/product/s250-rock-drill/

Matthew 17:20

https://wiki.ubc.ca/Course:SPPH381B/TermProject/Aluminum_Foil_-_Soham/Blasting

https://www.gxcontractor.com/equipment/article/21221971/caterpillar-surpasses-3-billion-tonnes-hauled-autonomously-by-cat-command-for-hauling-trucks

Caterpillar Surpasses 3 Billion TonnesHauled Autonomously by Cat Command

for Hauling Trucks (May 7th, 2021)

https://www.catmodels.com/products/off-highway-trucks/

Som

e bo

oks

Wills' Mineral Processing Technology: An Introduction to the Practical Aspects of Ore Treatment

and Mineral Recovery

8th EditionPublication date: September 1, 2015

Language: EnglishPrint length: 465 pages

ISBN-13: 978-0080970530ISBN-10: 0080970532

https://www.amazon.com/Wills-Mineral-Processing-Technology-

Introduction-ebook/dp/B014W5JNDS

Som

e bo

oks

Mineral Processing Design and Operations: An Introduction

2nd EditionAuthors: Ashok Gupta Dennis Yan

eBook ISBN: 9780444635921Hardcover ISBN: 9780444635891

Imprint: ElsevierPublished Date: 2nd May 2016

Page Count: 882

https://www.elsevier.com/books/mineral-processing-design-and-

operations/gupta/978-0-444-63589-1

Som

e bo

oks

Mineral Processing:Foundations of theory and practice

of minerallurgy

1st English editionJan Drzymala

https://books.google.com.br/books/about/Mineral_processing.html?

id=7w_jXwAACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Som

e bo

oks

Basics in Minerals Processing Handbook

https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4993361/mod_resource/co

ntent/0/Basics-in-minerals-processing.pdf

Som

e bo

oks

Principles of Mineral Processing

Maurice C. Fuerstenau (Editor), Kenneth N. Han (Editor)Hardcover : 573 pagesISBN-10 : 0873351673

ISBN-13 : 978-0873351676

https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Mineral-Processing-Maurice-

Fuerstenau/dp/0873351673

Som

e bo

oks

Modeling and Simulation of Mineral Processing Systems

2nd Revised edition

Publication date 30 Aug 2012Publisher SME

ISBN10 0873353455ISBN13 9780873353458

https://www.bookdepository.com/Modeling-Simulation-Mineral-

Processing-Systems-R-P-King/9780873353458

Minerals by definition are natural inorganic substances possessing definite chemical

compositions and atomic structures.

https://llorensminerals.com/en/product/hyaline-quartz-0253/

Ore is a naturally occurring mineral containing a valuable

constituent (such as metal) for which it is mined and

worked

https://llorensminerals.com/en/product/hyaline-quartz-0253/

While metal content in an ore is typically quoted as percent

metal, it is important to remember that the metal is

contained in a mineral.

Given a tin concentration of 2.00% in an ore, what is the concentration of cassiterite (SnO2)?

Exam

ples

Wills and Finch, 2015

Step 2: Convert Sn concentration to SnO2

Solution

Step 1: What is the Sn content of SnO2?Molar mass of Sn (MSn) = 118.71 g mol-1

Molar mass of O (MO) = 15.99 g mol-1

A sample contains three phases, chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), pyrite (FeS2), and non-sulfides (containing no Cu or Fe). If the Cu concentration is 22.5% and the Fe concentration is 25.6%, what is the concentration of pyrite and of the nonsulfides?

Exam

ples


SolutionNote, Fe occurs in two minerals which is the source of complication. The solution, in this case, is to calculate first the % chalcopyrite using the %Cu Step 1), and then to calculate the %Fe contributed by the Fe in the chalcopyrite (Step 2) from which %Fe associated with pyrite can be calculated (Step 3).

Molar masses (g mol-1): Cu = 63.54; Fe = 55.85; S = 32.06

Step 1: Convert Cu to chalcopyrite (Cp)


Exam

ples


Solution

Step 2: Determine %Fe in Cp

Step 3: Determine %Fe associated with pyrite (Py)


Exam

ples


Solution

Step 4: Convert Fe to Py (answer to first question)

Step 5: Determine % non-sulfides (answer to second question)

Sum

mar

izin

g

Comminution

Concentration

Classification

ROM

Dewatering

Dewatering

Coal ore

Coa

l pro

cess

ing

http://olga-krelin.com/flow-charts

Gold ore

Gol

d pr

oces

sing


Copper ore

Cop

per

proc

essi

ng

http://www.flsmidth.com/

PG

Mpr

oces

sing

Assessing the blue-water footprint of an opencast platinum mine in South Africa

DOI: 10.4314/wsa.v41i2.15

Dia

mon

d pr

oces

sing


Type

s of

cla

ssif

iers

Classifiers

Screening WaterAir

Scre

enin

g X

Sie

ving

N°. 10 USA standard test sieve. Wills & Finch (2015)

W.S. TYLERs RO-TAPs test sieve shaker. Wills & Finch (2015)

Metso ES Series screenhttp://www.synthesevideo.com/en/productions/technical-simulation/metso-es.html#prettyPhoto

Par

ticl

e si

ze d

istr

ibut

ion N°. 10 USA standard test sieve. Wills & Finch (2015)

W.S. TYLERs RO-TAPs test sieve shaker. Wills & Finch (2015)

1” = 2.54 cm

Par

ticl

e si

ze d

istr

ibut

ion

Wills & Finch (2015)

Par

ticl

e si

ze d

istr

ibut

ion

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 10 100 1000

Cu

mu

lati

ve d

istr

ibu

tio

n (

%)

Particle size (µm)

Par

ticl

e si

ze d

istr

ibut

ion

https://www.microtrac.com/knowledge/particle-size-distribution/

Quantification can now be performed in several ways:

1. weighing: Each fraction contains 190 g of sample, or 25% of the total amount or weight. These values also correspond to the fraction of the total volume, since mass and volume can

be treated equivalently, provided that the density does not change with particle size.

2. counting: In total, the sample consists of 573 objects distributed into the four fractions.

Since there is only one 40 mm sphere, this now accounts for only 0.2% of the total number,

rather than 25% as in the mass-based distribution. On the other hand, the 490

spheres with a diameter of 5 mm have a share of 85.5%.

Par

ticl

e si

ze d

istr

ibut

ion


The quantity in each fraction is represented by

the letter p, index 0 means "number-based", index 3 means "mass- or

volume-based".

Par

ticl

e si

ze d

istr

ibut

ion


Par

ticl

e si

ze d

istr

ibut

ion

Probenbezeichnung : Calcite gemörsert water

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ver

teilu

ng

ssu

mm

e Q

3 /

%

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

Ver

teilu

ng

sdic

hte

q3

*

0.5 1.0 5 10 50 100 500

Partikelgröße / µm

Par

ticl

e si

ze d

istr

ibut

ion

https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_Advances_in_screening_technology_in_the_mining_sector_3405001.html

Par

ticl

e si

ze d

istr

ibut

ion

Probenbezeichnung : Apatite gemörsert water

Vib

rato

ry s

cree

n

https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_Advances_in_screening_technology_in_the_mining_sector_3405001.html

Pol

yure

than

e sc

reen

pan

els

Line

ar v

ibra

ting

scr

een

https://www.dahanmachine.com/product-center/LINEAR-VIBRATING-SCREEN.html

Trom

mel

Spir

al c

lass

ifie

r

Spir

al c

lass

ifie

r (S

crew

Was

hers

)

https://www.beidoou.com/construction/types-of-aggregate-washers-features.html

Spir

al c

lass

ifie

r (S

crew

Was

hers

)

https://www.lzzgchina.com/news/what-does-a-sand-screw-do.html

Whe

el W

ashe

rs

https://br.pinterest.com/eastmanrockcrusher/_created/

Hyd

rocy

clon

es

https://www.mclanahan.com/blog/when-to-use-a-hydrocyclone-and-when-to-use-a-separator-in-your-sand-plant

Lecture 03 – - Classification

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Transcript of Lecture 03 – - Classification