Post on 10-May-2023
JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL AND INTEGREATIVE MEDICINE (2021) ISSN 9504–332X
Article available online at http://www.jtim.biosci.in
Journal of Traditional and Integrative
Medicine
Journal homepage: http://www.jtim.biosci.in, Vol 4, Issue 1, 2021 (Jan-Mar)
* Corresponding author.
Peer review under responsibility of Reverse Publications. This is an Open access article under the Creative Commons Attribute s of CC-BY-NC-ND license
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Reverse Publications 2021, Hosting by Reverse Publications. All rights reserved.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.
Review Article
A Review of Toxicity studies of Siddha medicines in Submitted dissertations
in Siddha Postgraduate Institutions.
Jenifer Vimala M*1, Thiruthani M2, Rajarajeshwari A3
*1PG Scholar, Department of Nanju Maruthuvam, 2Professor,Head, Department of Nanju Maruthuvam,3Lecturer, Research Methodology & Biostatistics,
Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tamilnadu, India.
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received Jan 2020
Received in revised form
Jan 2021
Accepted Feb 2021
Keywords:
Toxicity studies, Siddha
Medicines, Dissertations, Post
graduate
Pages: 443-455
A B S T R A C T
The Siddha system is unique in its principles, diagnosis and treatment of
diseases. Since the remedy for all the ailments were foretold by the Siddhars, we
are in need of scientific validation to upgrade our Siddha system globally in this
modern era. A drug research starts from preclinical to clinical trials, are
categorized into four phases. To enumerate the Siddha medicines that are
assessed for its safety and toxicity since 2010 was taken as the primary objective
of this review study. The data were collected from the submitted dissertations of
Nanju Maruthuvam Department in Siddha Post Graduate Institutions. It was
found that 139 Siddha Medicines were studied for its Safety and Toxicity Profile
since 2010. Of 139 Siddha Medicines, Chenduram -36, Chooranam-34,
Chunnum-4, Ilagam-1, Kuzhambu-1, Mathirai-25, Mezhugu-8, Parpam-28,
Pathangam-2 were included. The type of animal oral toxicity studied for those
Siddha medicines are Acute and Chronic toxicity studies - 61(44%), 2.Acute and
Sub-acute toxicity studies-78(56%).
© 2021 J Trad Integr Med, Hosting by Reverse Publications. All rights reserved.
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
INTRODUCTION
For the development of a new drug or to introduce the drug
for a new indication needed to fulfill some standard criteria
for the acceptance of the scientific community. A drug
research starts from preclinical to clinical trials, are
categorized into four phases. Clinical Pharmacology and
Toxicity Studies comes under phase I trial. The main
objective of phase I trial is to evaluate the dosage, safety
and to determine the toxicity of a new drug. It is designed
to know the safety rather than the effectiveness of the test
drug. Hence the tests are performed on healthy animals.
The OECD mission and WHO standardize the toxicity
study procedures and provide the guidelines to the
investigators to do the research in a good manner. Animal
oral toxicity studies are classified based on the dosage of
the trial drug and the duration of the study. 1. Acute oral
toxicity study-14 days (Single dose) 2.Sub-acute oral
toxicity study - 28days (repeated doses) 3.Sub chronic oral
toxicity study- 3 months. 4. Chronic toxicity study- 6 to 12
months. By doing so, one can estimate the maximum
tolerable dose, correct therapeutic dose and Lethal dose
(LD50) of the trial drug. Many Siddha medicines were
studied for its Safety and Toxicity according to the OECD
and WHO guidelines.
NEED FOR THE STUDY
The Siddha system is unique in its principles, diagnosis and
treatment of diseases. Since the remedy for all the ailments
were foretold by the Siddhars, we are in need of scientific
validation to upgrade our Siddha system globally in this
modern era. All the drugs and medications have to go
through a series of research studies to determine its safety
and efficacy. Toxicology studies (Pre-clinical) investigate
the toxicity profile of the particular drug or medication in
animals either in single dose (Acute toxicity) or in repeated
doses (Sub-acute, Sub chronic, Chronic toxicity). Post
Graduate scholars of Nanju Maruthuvam (Toxicology)
department submitted the dissertations on toxicity studies of
various Siddha medicines as a part of their degree course.
Even numerous Siddha medicines were evaluated for its
toxicity that was unpublished. This study is to bring such
works to the common view. By doing so, it reveals the
already assessed toxicity profiles of various Siddha
medicines and it leads the way, for the future research on
those medicines.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To compile the various toxicity profiles of Siddha
Medicines from the earlier dissertations of Nanju
Maruthuvam (Siddha Toxicology) Department since 2010.
OBJECTIVES
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
To enumerate the Siddha medicines those are assessed for
its safety and toxicity.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
✔ To categorize the nature and type of those
Siddha medicines.
✔ To list out the type of toxicity study
underwent for the Siddha medicines in the
former dissertations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
STUDY TYPE: Review Study - Secondary data analysis
DATA COLLECTION:
Data were collected from the ‘Submitted Dissertations’ of
Nanju Maruthuvam Department since 2010 in Siddha Post
Graduate Institutions’ Library
● Central Library of Government Siddha Medical
College, Palayamkottai.
● Library of Nanju Maruthuvam Department,
Government Siddha Medical College,
Palayamkottai.
● Library of National Institute of Siddha, Chennai.
The required data were also gathered from the below
official websites and links.
Official websites:
www.tnmgrmu.ac.in, www.nischennai.org.in
Official links:
http://repository.tnmgrmu.ac.in//
DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS:
The Entry, Processing and Analysis of Data were done with
Microsoft Excel.2010 Worksheets (MS.xls)
Ethical issues:
This study comes under Literature review therefore doesn’t
require IEC approval.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA:
I. Table 01: List of Siddha Medicines studied for its
Safety and Toxicity profile since 2010.
S.No Name of the drug Year
1 Aagasagarudan kizhangu
chooranam
2018
2 Aathisheshavishahara mathirai 2016
3 Agni muga chooranam 2016
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
4 Anna pavala chenduram 2013
5 Annabethi chendooram 2018
6 Annabethi Mathirai 2011
7 Arithara Parpam 2011
8 Astathy chooranam 2017
9 Aya kantha abraga chenduram 2017
10 Aya veera chenduram 2013
11 Aya veera mathirai 2018
12 Ayapodi ilagam 2018
13 Bedhi Chenduram 2014
14 Chandra prabara chenduram 2015
15 Chandra pragasa mathirai 2011
16 Cheena linga Chenduram 2010
17 Chithiramoola Kuligai 2014
18 Deepalinga chenduram 2011
19 Erugara Parpam 2011
20 Gandhaga mathirai 2019
21 Gandhaga sarkarai 2011
22 Gandhaka Chooranam 2010
23 Ghendhiyadi Uppu 2013
24 Gowri sinthamani chenduram 2015
25 Gunmathirku nilavagai
chooranam
2018
26 Gunmathirku sivathai
chooranam
2018
27 Hindu chooranam 2018
28 Idi vallathi chooranam 2018
29 Idi vallathi mezhugu 2017
30 Jathi nabi linga mathirai 2019
31 Jathilimga Inji Kuligai 2012
32 Jeevamirtha linga parpam 2015
33 Kaduguroginiyathi
Chooranam
2012
34 Kalamega Narayana
chenduram
2015
35 Kandhathi Chooranam 2010
36 Kanthathi Chooranam 2012
37 Kara vediuppu parpam 2014
38 Karasooda sathu parpam 2012
39 Kariuppu baspam 2014
40 Kariuppu chenduram 2017
41 Karpoora cinthamani mathirai 2012
42 Karpoora mathirai 2014
43 Karpoorathi chooranam 2017
44 Karpoorathi mathirai 2014
45 Karpura silajathu parpam 2014
46 Karuppu vishnu chakkara
mathirai
2019
47 Karuvepplai chooranam 2019
48 Kasha Gulanthaga mathirai 2012
49 Kavikal chooranam 2016
50 Kazharchi chooranam 2018
51 Kiranthi pun mathirai 2016
52 Kirubakara shanmuga
chenduram
2013
53 Kodiveli chooranam 2014
54 Kumara veeriya kaantha
chenduram
2014
55 Lagu Linga Mathirai 2012
56 Laxmi narayana Chenduram 2011
57 Linga Chenduram 2013
58 Linga Chenduram 2017
59 Linga Chenduram 2018
60 Linga Mathirai 2011
61 Mandura Chenduram 2018
62 Mega sanjeevi mathirai 2011
63 Mirutharsingi Parpam 2012
64 Mupoora Chenduram 2013
65 Muthu chippi parpam 2015
66 Naga Parpam 2018
67 Naga Sangu Parpam 2010
68 Navauppu mezhugu 2019
69 Navavatha chenduram 2017
70 Neela kanda chendooram 2016
71 Neela kanda kuligai 2016
72 Ommavanni chenduram 2017
73 Padikara chunnam 2012
74 Padikara mathirai 2014
75 Palagarai chunnam 2018
76 Pancha sootha mezhugu 2019
77 Pasana Chooranam 2010
78 Pattai chooranam 2019
79 Pavala Parpam 2019
80 Pavala veera Chunnam 2013
81 Pavalasilasathu parpam 2011
82 Poonaga mezhuku 2018
83 Poonaga Parpam 2014
84 Poonaga Parpam 2019
85 Pooneru Chunnum 2013
86 Poonkaavi chendooram 2015
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
87 Poora Parpam 2012
88 Poora Parpam 2013
89 Poora pathangam 2010
90 Pungam poo chooranam 2016
91 Puttru pathangam 2013
92 Rasa Chenduram 2015
93 Rasa katpura kuligai 2018
94 Rathinagara rasa mezhugu 2018
95 Sadhurmuga Parpam 2012
96 Sagala vadha chooranam 2016
97 Salothari Mani 2010
98 Sangu Parpam 2013
99 Sangu Parpam 2018
100 Saranai thalaga chooranam 2012
101 Sathathi Parpam 2011
102 Sathurmuga Chooranam 2019
103 Seena rasa chenduram 2013
104 Seenthil chooranam 2016
105 Seethapalathi chooranam 2016
106 Siddhar kuligai 2013
107 Silasathu Parpam 2012
108 Singi padika Parpam 2017
109 Sivanamarasam 2014
110 Surakatti chooranam 2016
111 Surangusa Parpam 2014
112 Suyamakini chenduram 2015
113 Swasakudori chendooram 2015
114 Tambira Parpam 2017
115 Thalaga Chenduram 2010
116 Thalaga chippi parpam 2011
117 Thalagathi Chooranam 2012
118 Thanga uram 2019
119 Thazhampoo maathirai 2014
120 Thetran Chooranam 2013
121 Thilatha vallathi chooranam 2016
122 Thiri sutha mezhugu 2016
123 Thiriloga Chendooram 2010
124 Thurusu Chenduram 2017
125 Thurusu Mathirai 2011
126 Thurusu Parpam 2013
127 Vayu mathirai 2012
128 Vedhantha bairava mathirai 2011
129 Vedi annabethi chenduram 2017
130 Vediuppu chenduram 2011
131 Veera aya Chenduram 2014
132 Veera chunnum 2011
133 Vengara Chenduram 2011
134 Vidathari chooranam 2014
135 Vilangathi Chooranam 2013
136 Visha amirtha chooranam 2019
137 Visha kuzhambu 2015
138 Visha mezhugu 2015
139 Visha sanjeevi 2014
II. List of Siddha Medicines and its Types:
Table 2.1 CHENDURAM:
S.NO NAME OF THE DRUG
NATURE OF THE MEDICINE
1 Thiriloga Chendooram Chenduram
2 Cheena linga Chenduram Chenduram
3 Thalaga Chenduram Chenduram
4 Laxmi narayana Chenduram Chenduram
5 Vengara Chenduram Chenduram
6 Deepalinga Chenduram Chenduram
7 Vediuppu Chenduram Chenduram
8 Anna pavala Chenduram Chenduram
9 Linga Chenduram Chenduram
10 Aya veera Chenduram Chenduram
11 Mupoora Chenduram Chenduram
12 Kirubakara shanmuga Chenduram Chenduram
13 Seena rasa Chenduram Chenduram
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
14 Veera aya Chenduram Chenduram
15 Kumara veeriya kaantha chenduram Chenduram
16 Bedhi Chenduram Chenduram
17 Chandra prabara Chenduram Chenduram
18 Poonkaavi chendooram Chenduram
19 Gowri sinthamani Chenduram Chenduram
20 Rasa Chenduram Chenduram
21 Kalamega Narayana Chenduram Chenduram
22 Suyamakini Chenduram Chenduram
23 Swasakudori chendooram Chenduram
24 Neela kanda chendooram Chenduram
25 Linga Chenduram Chenduram
26 Aya kantha abraga Chenduram Chenduram
27 Ommavanni Chenduram Chenduram
28 Kariuppu Chenduram Chenduram
29 Navavatha Chenduram Chenduram
30 Vedi annabethi Chenduram Chenduram
31 Thurusu Chenduram Chenduram
32 Mandura Chenduram Chenduram
33 Annabethi chendooram Chenduram
34 Linga Chenduram Chenduram
35 Thanga uram Chenduram
TABLE 2.2: CHOORANAM
S.NO NAME OF THE DRUG TYPE OF THE MEDICINE
36 Pasana Chooranam Chooranam
37 Kandhathi Chooranam Chooranam
38 Gandhaka Chooranam Chooranam
39 Gandhaga sarkarai Chooranam
40 Kaduguroginiyathi Chooranam Chooranam
41 Thalagathi Chooranam Chooranam
42 Kanthathi Chooranam Chooranam
43 Saranai thalaga chooranam Chooranam
44 Pooneru Chunnum Chooranam
45 Thetran Chooranam Chooranam
46 Vilangathi Chooranam Chooranam
47 Ghendhiyadi Uppu Chooranam
48 Vidathari chooranam Chooranam
49 Kodiveli chooranam Chooranam
50 Kavikal chooranam Chooranam
51 Seethapalathi chooranam Chooranam
52 Surakatti chooranam Chooranam
53 Thilatha vallathi chooranam Chooranam
54 Seenthil chooranam Chooranam
55 Agni muga chooranam Chooranam
56 Sagala vadha chooranam Chooranam
57 Pungam poo chooranam Chooranam
58 Astathy chooranam Chooranam
59 Karpoorathi chooranam Chooranam
60 Aagasagarudan kizhangu chooranam Chooranam
61 Gunmathirku sivathai chooranam Chooranam
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
62 Hindu chooranam Chooranam
63 Idi vallathi chooranam Chooranam
64 Gunmathirku nilavagai chooranam Chooranam
65 Kazharchi chooranam Chooranam
66 Sathurmuga Chooranam Chooranam
67 Visha amirtha chooranam Chooranam
68 Pattai chooranam Chooranam
69 Karuvepplai chooranam Chooranam
TABLE 2.3 CHUNNUM
S.NO NAME OF THE DRUG TYPE OF THE MEDICINE
70 Veera chunnum Chunnum
71 Padikara chunnam Chunnum
72 Pavala veera Chunnam Chunnum
73 Palagarai chunnam Chunnum
TABLE 2.4:ILAGAM, KUZHAMBU
S.NO NAME OF THE DRUG TYPE OF THE MEDICINE
74 Ayapodi ilagam Ilagam
75 Visha kuzhambu Kuzhambu
TABLE 2.5: MATHIRAI
S.NO NAME OF THE DRUG TYPE OF THE MEDICINE
76 Salothari Mani Mathirai
77 Vedhantha bairava mathirai Mathirai
78 Chandra pragasa mathirai Mathirai
79 Annabethi Mathirai Mathirai
80 Thurusu Mathirai Mathirai
81 Linga Mathirai Mathirai
82 Mega sanjeevi mathirai Mathirai
83 Vayu mathirai Mathirai
84 Kasha Gulanthaga mathirai Mathirai
85 Karpoora cinthamani mathirai Mathirai
86 Jathilinga Inji Kuligai Mathirai
87 Lagu Linga Mathirai Mathirai
88 Siddhar kuligai Mathirai
89 Visha sanjeevi Mathirai
90 Thazhampoo maathirai Mathirai
91 Karpoora mathirai Mathirai
92 Padikara mathirai Mathirai
93 Karpoorathi mathirai Mathirai
94 Chithiramoola Kuligai Mathirai
95 Neela kanda kuligai Mathirai
96 Kiranthi pun mathirai Mathirai
97 Rasa katpura kuligai Mathirai
98 Aya veera mathirai Mathirai
99 Karuppu vishnu chakkara mathirai Mathirai
100 Jathi nabi linga mathirai Mathirai
101 Gandhaga mathirai Mathirai
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
TABLE 2.6: MEZHUGU
S.NO NAME OF THE DRUG TYPE OF THE MEDICINE
102 Visha mezhugu Mezhugu
103 Thiri sutha mezhugu Mezhugu
104 Aathisheshavishahara mathirai Mezhugu
105 Idi vallathi mezhugu Mezhugu
106 Rathinagara rasa mezhugu Mezhugu
107 Poonaga mezhuku Mezhugu
108 Navauppu mezhugu Mezhugu
109 Pancha sootha mezhugu Mezhugu
TABLE 2.7: PARPAM
S.NO NAME OF THE DRUG TYPE OF THE MEDICINE
110 Naga Sangu Parpam Parpam
111 Sathathi Parpam Parpam
112 Arithara Parpam Parpam
113 Thalaga chippi Parpam Parpam
114 Erugara Parpam Parpam
115 Pavalasilasathu Parpam Parpam
116 Poora Parpam Parpam
117 Karasooda sathu Parpam Parpam
118 Sadhurmuga Parpam Parpam
119 Mirutharsingi Parpam Parpam
120 Silasathu Parpam Parpam
121 Poora Parpam Parpam
122 Thurusu Parpam Parpam
123 Sangu Parpam Parpam
124 Sivanamarasam Parpam
125 Poonaga Parpam Parpam
126 Surangusa Parpam Parpam
127 Kara vediuppu Parpam Parpam
128 Kariuppu baspam Parpam
129 Karpura silajathu Parpam Parpam
130 Muthu chippi Parpam Parpam
131 Jeevamirtha linga Parpam Parpam
132 Singi padika Parpam Parpam
133 Tambira Parpam Parpam
134 Sangu Parpam Parpam
135 Naga Parpam Parpam
136 Pavala Parpam Parpam
137 Poonaga Parpam Parpam
TABLE 2.8: PATHANGAM
138 Poora pathangam Pathangam
139 Puttru pathangam Pathangam
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
III.Table 03: List of Siddha Medicines Types and its
Count
Nature of the
Medicine
Total
Chenduram 36
Chooranam 34
Chunnum 4
Ilagam 1
Kuzhambu 1
Mathirai 25
Mezhugu 8
Parpam 28
Pathangam 2
IV. List of Siddha Medicines and types of toxicity study:
TABLE 04: Acute and Chronic Toxicity Study Type:
S.No Name of the drug Toxicity Study
Type
1 Thiriloga Chendooram Acute,chronic
2 Cheena linga
Chenduram
Acute,chronic
3 Laxmi narayana
Chenduram
Acute,chronic
4 Vengara Chenduram Acute,chronic
5 Anna pavala
Chenduram
Acute,chronic
6 Linga Chenduram Acute,chronic
7 Bedhi Chenduram Acute,chronic
8 Annabethi chendooram Acute,chronic
9 Thanga uram Acute,chronic
10 Pasana Chooranam Acute,chronic
11 Kandhathi Chooranam Acute,chronic
12 Gandhaka Chooranam Acute,chronic
13 Kaduguroginiyathi
Chooranam
Acute,chronic
14 Thalagathi Chooranam Acute,chronic
15 Kanthathi Chooranam Acute,chronic
16 Saranai thalaga
chooranam
Acute,chronic
17 Pooneru Chunnum Acute,chronic
18 Thetran Chooranam Acute,chronic
19 Vilangathi Chooranam Acute,chronic
20 Ghendhiyadi Uppu Acute,chronic
21 Vidathari chooranam Acute,chronic
22 Kodiveli chooranam Acute,chronic
23 Aagasagarudan
kizhangu chooranam
Acute,chronic
24 Sathurmuga Chooranam Acute,chronic
25 Visha amirtha
chooranam
Acute,chronic
26 Padikara chunnam Acute,chronic
27 Pavala veera Chunnam Acute,chronic
28 Ayapodi ilagam Acute,chronic
29 Salothari Mani Acute,chronic
30 Vedhantha bairava
mathirai
Acute,chronic
31 Chandra pragasa
mathirai
Acute,chronic
32 Annabethi Mathirai Acute,chronic
33 Thurusu Mathirai Acute,chronic
34 Vayu mathirai Acute,chronic
35 Kasha Gulanthaga
mathirai
Acute,chronic
36 Karpoora cinthamani
mathirai
Acute,chronic
37 Jathilinga Inji Kuligai Acute,chronic
38 Lagu Linga Mathirai Acute,chronic
39 Karpoora mathirai Acute,chronic
40 Padikara mathirai Acute,chronic
41 Karpoorathi mathirai Acute,chronic
42 Chithiramoola Kuligai Acute,chronic
43 Karuppu vishnu
chakkara mathirai
Acute,chronic
44 Idi vallathi mezhugu Acute,chronic
45 Navauppu mezhugu Acute,chronic
46 Sathathi Parpam Acute,chronic
47 Arithara Parpam Acute,chronic
48 Thalaga chippi Parpam Acute,chronic
49 Erugara Parpam Acute,chronic
50 Poora Parpam Acute,chronic
51 Karasooda sathu
Parpam
Acute,chronic
52 Sadhurmuga Parpam Acute,chronic
53 Mirutharsingi Parpam Acute,chronic
54 Silasathu Parpam Acute,chronic
55 Poora Parpam Acute,chronic
56 Thurusu Parpam Acute,chronic
57 Sangu Parpam Acute,chronic
58 Sivanamarasam Acute,chronic
59 Kara vediuppu Parpam Acute,chronic
60 Kariuppu baspam Acute,chronic
61 Karpura silajathu
Parpam
Acute,chronic
TABLE 05: Acute and
Sub-acute Toxicity
type
62 Thalaga Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
63 Deepalinga Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
64 Vediuppu Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
65 Aya veera Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
66 Mupoora Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
67 Kirubakara shanmuga Acute, Sub acute
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
chenduram
68 Seena rasa Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
69 Veera aya Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
70 Kumara veeriya kaantha
chenduram
Acute, Sub acute
71 Chandra prabara
chenduram
Acute, Sub acute
72 Poonkaavi chendooram Acute, Sub acute
73 Gowri sinthamani
chenduram
Acute, Sub acute
74 Rasa Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
75 Kalamega Narayana
chenduram
Acute, Sub acute
76 Suyamakini Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
77 Swasakudori
chendooram
Acute, Sub acute
78 Neela kanda
chendooram
Acute, Sub acute
79 Linga Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
80 Aya kantha abraga
chenduram
Acute, Sub acute
81 Ommavanni
Chenduram
Acute, Sub acute
82 Kariuppu Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
83 Navavatha Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
84 Vedi annabethi
chenduram
Acute, Sub acute
85 Thurusu Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
86 Mandura Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
87 Linga Chenduram Acute, Sub acute
88 Gandhaga sarkarai Acute, Sub acute
89 Kavikal chooranam Acute, Sub acute
90 Seethapalathi
chooranam
Acute, Sub acute
91 Surakatti chooranam Acute, Sub acute
92 Thilatha vallathi
chooranam
Acute, Sub acute
93 Seenthil chooranam Acute, Sub acute
94 Agni muga chooranam Acute, Sub acute
95 Sagala vadha
chooranam
Acute, Sub acute
96 Pungam poo chooranam Acute, Sub acute
97 Astathy chooranam Acute, Sub acute
98 Karpoorathi chooranam Acute, Sub acute
99 Gunmathirku sivathai
chooranam
Acute, Sub acute
100 Hindu chooranam Acute, Sub acute
101 Idi vallathi chooranam Acute, Sub acute
102 Gunmathirku nilavagai
chooranam
Acute, Sub acute
103 Kazharchi chooranam Acute, Sub acute
104 Pattai chooranam Acute, Sub acute
105 Karuvepplai chooranam Acute, Sub acute
106 Veera chunnum Acute, Sub acute
107 Palagarai chunnam Acute, Sub acute
108 Visha kuzhambu Acute, Sub acute
109 Linga Mathirai Acute, Sub acute
110 Mega sanjeevi mathirai Acute, Sub acute
111 Siddhar kuligai Acute, Sub acute
112 Visha sanjeevi Acute, Sub acute
113 Thazhampoo maathirai Acute, Sub acute
114 Neela kanda kuligai Acute, Sub acute
115 Kiranthi pun mathirai Acute, Sub acute
116 Rasa katpura kuligai Acute, Sub acute
117 Aya veera mathirai Acute, Sub acute
118 Jathi nabi linga mathirai Acute, Sub acute
119 Gandhaga mathirai Acute, Sub acute
120 Visha mezhugu Acute, Sub acute
121 Thiri sutha mezhugu Acute, Sub acute
122 Aathisheshavishahara
mathirai
Acute, Sub acute
123 Rathinagara rasa
mezhugu
Acute, Sub acute
124 Poonaga mezhuku Acute, Sub acute
125 Pancha sootha mezhugu Acute, Sub acute
126 Naga Sangu Parpam Acute, Sub acute
127 Pavalasilasathu Parpam Acute, Sub acute
128 Poonaga Parpam Acute, Sub acute
129 Surangusa Parpam Acute, Sub acute
130 Muthu chippi Parpam Acute, Sub acute
131 Jeevamirtha linga
parpam
Acute, Sub acute
132 Singi padika Parpam Acute, Sub acute
133 Tambira Parpam Acute, Sub acute
134 Sangu Parpam Acute, Sub acute
135 Naga Parpam Acute, Sub acute
136 Pavala Parpam Acute, Sub acute
137 Poonaga Parpam Acute, Sub acute
138 Poora pathangam Acute, Sub acute
139 Puttru pathangam Acute, Sub acute
V. Table 06: Types of Toxicity study and it’s Number
S.No Toxicity Studied Number
1 Acute, Chronic 61
2 Acute, Sub acute 78
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
VI. Table 07: Toxicity Studies and its Percentage
Toxicity Studied Percentage
Acute, Chronic 44%
Acute, Sub acute 56%
VII. Table 08: Number of Toxicity Studies with corresponding Year and College:
Year No of Toxicity
studies
GSMC, Palayamkottai NIS, Chennai
2010 9 6 3
2011 17 10 7
2012 15 8 7
2013 16 10 6
2014 17 10 7
2015 11 7 4
2016 13 9 4
2017 12 10 2
2018 17 10 7
2019 12 6 6
PRESENTATION OF THE DATA:
Chart 01: Types of Siddha Medicines and its count
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
Chart 02: Evaluated Siddha Medicines and its Percentage:
Chart 03: Number and Type of Toxicity Studies evaluated:
26%
24%
3%
1%1%
18%
6%
20%
1%
Evaluated Siddha Medicines in Percentage
Chenduram
Chooranam
Chunnum
Ilagam
Kulambu
Mathirai
Mezhugu
Parpam
Pathagam
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
Chart 04: Percentage of Toxicity Studies:
Chart 05: Number of Toxicity Studies Since 2010
Jenifer et al / Journal of Traditional And Integrative Medicine (2021) (4) (1) 443-455
Peer reviewed || Indexed Journal
RESULTS
139 Siddha Medicines were studied for its Safety and
Toxicity Profile since 2010. Of 139 Siddha Medicines,
Chenduram -36, Chooranam-34, Chunnum-4, Ilagam-1,
Kuzhambu-1, Mathirai-25, Mezhugu-8, Parpam-28 and
Pathangam-2 are included. The type of animal oral toxicity
studied for those Siddha medicines are Acute and Chronic
toxicity studies - 61(44%), 2.Acute and Sub-acute toxicity
studies-78(56%).
DISCUSSION
The number of studies on Toxicity is gradually increasing
as represented in the chart 05. Nearly 139 Siddha
Medicines were evaluated for its toxicity. It proves the
strength of the Siddha system. This opens the way for
future researchers for doing further Clinical trials on those
Siddha Medicines.
CONCLUSION
From the study, we conclude that nearly 139 Siddha
Medicines were studied for its Safety and Toxicity profiles
since 2010 from Submitted Dissertations of Nanju
Maruthuvam Department of Siddha Post Graduate
Institutions. According to the types of medicine based on its
preparation, 139 evaluated Siddha Medicines were
classified as Chenduram -36, Chooranam-34, Chunnum-4,
Ilagam-1, Kuzhambu-1, Mathirai-25, Mezhugu-8, Parpam-
28, and Pathangam-2. Mainly two types of Oral Toxicity
were studied for those Siddha Medicines. They are Acute
and Chronic studies-61 (i.e. 44%), Acute and Sub-acute
studies- 78 (i.e. 56%). Although Preclinical studies are the
first phase of Drug research, further Clinical studies on
those Siddha Medicines are must needed for the upliftment
of our Siddha system.
REFERENCES
1. Belavendra Antonisamy, Prasanna S.Premkumar,
Solomon Christoper, Principles and Practice of
Biostatistics,fourth edition,Elsevier publication,
2017:pg no 193.
2. P.S.S.Sundar Rao, J.Richard, Introduction to
Biostatistics and Research Methods, fifth edition, 2018:
pg no 195.