Post on 02-Apr-2023
Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa
Nondumiso Mdekazi • Tommy Kabanyane
Isikhokelo Sikatitshala
CAPS
Ibanga
10le-
SM_Xhosa_10_TG_220x297_CAPS.indd 1 2011/11/01 8:45 PM
Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa
Study & Master
Nondumiso Mdekazi • Tommy Kabanyane
Ibanga le-10Isikhokelo Sikatitshala
Prelims-S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indd 1 2011/11/01 8:38 PM
cambridge university press cambridge, new york, melbourne, madrid, cape town,singapore, são paulo, delhi, tokyo, mexico city
cambridge university pressthe Water club, beach road, granger bay, cape town 8005, south africa
www.cup.co.za
© cambridge university press 2012
Le ncwadi ikwilungelo lombhali elilelakhe lokushicilela nokuthengisa umsebenzi wakhe. phantsi kokungamiswanga ngokomthetho nomalungiselelo eemvumelwano zemvume zabo bonke ababandakanyekayo akukho kufanekisela kwayo nayiphi inxalenye yale ncwadi enokwenziwa ngaphandle kwemvume yeziko lakwacambridge university press.
ipapashwe okokuqala ngowama-2012
ishicilelwe emzantsi afrika ngu interpak books
isbn 9781316576243
ababhali: Jacqueline nondumiso mdekazi notommy ndzima Kabanyane
imifanekiso: greatstock (iph. 55), graeme Williams/africa media Online (iph.14, 15, 51), neil austen/africa media Online (iph. 26)
umdibanisi: baseline publishing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nale ncwadi okanye olunye upapasho lukacambridge university press, sitsalele umnxeba kule nombolo (021) 412-7800, sifeksele kule nombolo (021) 419-8418 okanye usithumelele i-imeyile kule dilesi capetown@cambridge.org.
Prelims-S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indd 2 2011/11/07 10:19 AM
IsiqulathoIkota Isahluko Iveki Isifundo Umsebenzi Iphepha
Ikota
yoku
-1
Isahluko soku-1: UMzantsi Afrika Omtsha
1–2 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda: oluxhobisayo, oluphicothayo nokuncomayo
2
Ukufunda nokubukela Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo 2
Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi: Iimpawu zenoveli 3
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala ileta yobuhlobo 5
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ileta yaseburhulumenteni – Ileta yesikhalazo 5
3–4 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ingxoxo-mpikiswano 7
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukukrwaqula 8
Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zenoveli 8
Ukubhala nokunikezela Isincoko esixoxayo 9
Isahluko sesi-2: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso
5–6 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda 11
Ukufunda nokubukela Uvavanyo lokuqonda 11
Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zenoveli 12
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala ingxelo 13
7–8 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukwenza incoko 15
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuphuhlisa isigama – Amagama emboleko, izihlonipho, amaqhalo nezaci, isinye nesininzi, izifinyezo noonobumba bokuqala begama, amahlumela
15
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: izimaphambili, izinciphiso, isimamva u-kazi
17
Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zesihobe 18
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala incoko yababini 19
Isahluko sesi-3: Ukhenketho nenkcubeko
9–10 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Intetho engalungiselelwanga 20
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala isishwankathelo 23
Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zesihobe 25
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala ingxoxo 25
Imisebenzi yohlolo olusesikweni
Umsebenzi woku-1
Umsebenzi wesi-2
Umsebenzi wesi-3
Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Uvavanyo lokuqonda 28
Ukubhala Ukubhala isincoko 28
Ukubhala Ukubhala umhlathi 28
Icandelo A Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukufunda nokubukela Uvavanyo lokuqonda 29
Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi 29
Icandelo B Ukushwankathela Isishwankathelo 29
Ukubhalwa kwemisebenzi esesikweni
Ikota
yesi-
2
Isahluko sesi-4: Ezemidlalo
11–12 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Udliwano-ndlebe 32
Ukufunda nokubukela Iindlela zokufunda 34
Ukufunda nokubhala Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama 34
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala udliwano-ndlebe 34
13–14 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Intetho elungiselelweyo 35
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala isishwankathelo 35
Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama 36
Ukubhala nokunikezela Isincoko esibalisayo 36
Isahluko sesi-5: Unxibelelwano
15–16 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Iincoko zababini ezingekho sikweni 38
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukutolika izicatshulwa ezibonwayo
38
Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama 39
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala ileta yokucela nokubhala ileta yesicelo somsebenzi
39
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ileta yorhwebo – Ileta yoku-odola neleta yentengo 41
17–18 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ingxoxo yephaneli 42
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukuphuhlisa isigama – izifanokuthi, izichasi, izafobe, ukusetyenziswa kwezichazi-magama
43
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 3 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
Ikota Isahluko Iveki Isifundo Umsebenzi IphephaIko
ta ye
si-2
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi, iziphumlisi
44
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi 45
Ukubhala nokunikezela Isigxeko-ncomo 47
19–20 Umsebenzi osesikweni: Umsebenzi wesi-5 nowesi-6
19–20 Uviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni 49–50
Ikota
yesi-
3
Isahluko sesi-6: Ungcoliseko
21–22 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Iintlanganiso neenkqubo zentlanganiso 52
Ukufunda nokubukela Uvavanyo lokuqonda – Ukunika intsingiselo yebali 53
Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama 53
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ileta eya kumhleli, i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso 54
Isahluko sesi-7: Umculo
23–24 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukubalisa ibali 56
Ukufunda nokubukela Isigama – oomabizwafane, oomabizwahluke, oontsingiselo-ninzi, isiduna nesikhomokazi
57
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi – ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nezenzi, izixando zezenzi, iindidi zezenzi, iintlobo zezenzi, imihlathi
58
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi – iindidi zezibanjalo, izifanekisozwi, izikhuzo, amagatya abalwayo
61
Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zebali elifutshane 64
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala isincoko esichazayo 64
25–26 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukwenza intetho engalungiselelwanga 66
Ukufunda nokubukela Iindlela zokufunda 66
Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zebali elifutshane 66
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala intetho 67
Isahluko sesi-8: Umbane nokhuseleko
27–28 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukwenza intetho engalungiselelwanga 68
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala isishwankathelo 68
Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zebali elifutshane 68
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala isincoko esibalisayo 69
29–30 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Uvavanyo lokuqonda lokumamela 70
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Iindlela zokufunda 70
Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zebali elifutshane 70
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala inqaku lephepha-ndaba 71
29–30 Uhlolo olusesikweni: Umsebenzi wesi-7 ukuya kowe-9 73
Ikota
yesi-
4
Isahluko se-9: Imphato-mbi
31–32 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukwazisa isithethi nokwenza ilizwi lombulelo 76
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukunika intsingiselo 77
Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zoncwadi lwemveli 77
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala nokunikezela – i-CV neleta ehamba nayo, ukubhala iileta zokubulela, ukubhala i-obhitshuwari
78
33–34 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ingxoxo yephaneli 79
Ukufunda nokubukela Iindlela zokufunda 79
Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – iimpawu zentsomi 79
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala isincoko esixoxayo 80
Isahluko se-10: Umabonakude
35–36 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ingxoxo yephaneli 81
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala isishwankathelo 81
Ukufunda nokubukela Iimpawu zentsomi 81
Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala inqaku lemagazini 82
37–38 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ingxoxo yeqela/yephaneli 84
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukulungiselela uviwo 84
39–40 Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni 87
Uhlolo
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1i n t s h ay e l e l o
1
INKCAZELO YEPOLISI KAZWELONKE YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA
YAMABANGA 10-12
ISIXHOSA
ULWIMI LWASEKHAYA
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ICANDELO LOKU-1 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI KAZWELONKE YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA YAMABANGA 10-12
1.1 IMVELAPHI INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga R-12 (NKS) icacisa ipolisi yeKharityhulam nokuhlola ezikolweni. Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe ihlaziyiwe, yaye uhlaziyo luya kuqala ukusebenza ngoJanyuwari 2012. Isifundo ngasinye senzelwe uxwebhu olunye lwePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola endaweni yala maxwebhu madala angala: INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe, iziKhokelo zeNkqubo yokuFunda kunye neziKhokelo zokuHlola zesifundo kumaBanga R-12. Le Nkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke ehlaziywe ngokutsha yamaBanga R - 12: ingena endaweni:
(a) yeRevised National Curriculum Statement Grades R – 9, Government Gazette No. 23406 of 31 May 2002, kunye
(b) neNational Curriculum Statement Grade 10 – 12 Government Gazettes, No 25545 of 6 October 2003
and No. 27594 of 17 May 2005. 1.2 Amagqabantshintshi
(a) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke (NKZ) yamaBanga R -12 (Janyuwari 2011) imele inkcazelo
yepolisi kazwelonkekaZwelonke yokufunda nokufundisa kwizikolo zoMzantsi Afrika kwaye yaye iquka oku kulandelayo: (i) IiNkcazelo zePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharityhulam nokuHlola zesifundo ngasinye
esisemthethweni njengoko zidwelisiwe kuxwebhu lwepolisi ethi National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF); kunye
(ii) Noxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion
requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R- 12.) (b) Uxwebhu oluthi National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12 (January 2012) malufundwe kunye
ngokudibeneyo noxwebhu oluthi National Protocol for Assessment Grades R – 12 (January 2012) (c) Amaxwebhu: iNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe, iziKhokelo zeNkqubo yokuFunda kunye nesiKhokhelo
sokuHlola sesiFundo kumaBanga R - 9 kunye namaBanga 10 - 12 ayaguzulwa endaweni yawo kufakelwa iNkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yamaBanga R – 12 (Janyuwari 2012).
(d) Uxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, An addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: a
qualification at level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), olumalunga nabafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa, olwapapashwa kwiGovernment Gazette, No. 29466 of 11 December 2006, lufakwe kuxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R – 12.
(e) Uxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of
the National Curriculum Statement Grades R – 12 namacandelo akwiPolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola njengoko ebonisiwe kwizahluko 2, 3 nesesi-4 zolu xwebhu aqulethe izithethe nemigangatho yeNkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R -12. Luya kuthi, ngokwecandelo 6A loMthetho oLawula iZikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika (South African Schools Act) ka1996 (uMthetho wama-84 ka1996,) lwenze isiseko sokuxhobisa umPhathiswa weMfundo esiSiseko ukuba akwazi ukuqwalasela iziphumo nemigangatho kunye neenkqubo nemigaqo yokuhlola inkqubela phambili yabantwana kwizikolo zikaRhulumente nezabucala.
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1.3 Iinjongo eziphangaleleyo zeKharityhulam yoMzantsi Afrika
(a) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R-12 inika isikhokelo kulwazi, izakhono nexabiso lemfundo. Iya kuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bafumana ulwazi nezakhono ukuze bazisebenzise ngendlela efanelekileyo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Kungoko ke le kharityhulam ikhuthaza uluvo lokusebenzisa kakhulu iimeko zalapha, kodwa ibe ikwayise iso nemiba ebalulekileyo yehlabathi jikelele.
(b) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R-12 yenza oku kulandelayo:
� Ixhobisa abafundi nokuba bavela kweyiphi imo yezentlalo, ubuhlanga, isini, inkangeleko ngokomzimba/ngokwengqondo, ulwazi, izakhono nexabiso ukuze bakwazi ukuzimela nokuthabatha inxaxheba ekuhlaleni.
� Ivulela abafundi amathuba okuya kwimfundo ephakamileyo; � Yenza ukuba kube lula uguqula imeko yabafundi ukusuka kweyamaziko emfundo ukuya
kweyendawo yokusebenza; kwaye � Inika abaqeshi umfanekiso ocacileyo ngobuchule nolwazi abanalo abafundi.
(c) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R-12 isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko
ilandelayo:
� Ukuphuculwa kwezentlalo: ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungalingani kwezemfundo kwexesha langaphambili kuyalungiswa, nokuba bonke abemi banikwa amathuba emfundo alinganayo;
� Ukufunda ngokubandakanyeka nangokuqiqa: ukukhuthaza indlela yokufundisa efuna abafundi ukuba bacinge, bafunde ngokuzimisela nangokuzinikezela babuqonde ubunyani bento endaweni yokufunda ngokunkqaya;
� Ulwazi nezakhono ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo: elona qondo liphantsi lolwazi nezakhono ekufuneka abafundi beliphumezile kwibanga ngalinye, kananjalo imisela imigangatho ephezulu enokuphunyelelwa kuzo zonke izifundo.
� Ukuqhubela phambili: umxholo wokufundwayo neemeko ekufundwa phantsi kwazo kwibanga ngalinye ubonisa ukuqhubela phambili, ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsokothileyo;
� Amalungelo oluntu, ukuqukaniswa lwabafundi, ukukhathalelwa kokusingqongileyo nobulungisa bezentlalo: ukufakwa kwemithetho–siseko neendlela zokwenza ubulungisa kwezentlalo nokukhathalela okusingqongileyo kwanamalungelo oluntu, njengoko echaziwe kuMgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi yoMzantsi Afrika. INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga 10 - 12 (Gabalala) ibonakalisa uvakalelo kwimiba yeyantlukwano enjengendlala, ukungalingani, ubuhlanga, isini, ulwimi, ubudala, ukuba nenkubazeko kwaneminye imiba;
� Ukuxatyiswa kweendlela zolwazi lwemveli: ukuthathela ingqalelo ubutyebi bembali kunye nelifa lemveli leli lizwe njengezinto ezinegalelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuliseni konke okuxabisekileyo njengoko kuqulunqwe nguMgaqo-siseko; kunye
� Nentembeko, umgangatho ophezulu, kunye negalelo elibonakalayo: izisa utshintsho ngokubonelela ngemfundo ekumgangatho enokuthelekiswa neyamanye amazwe malunga nezinga, umthamo kwanomhlaba ovelelwayo othelekisekayo nowalowo wezo mfundo zamanye amazwe.
(d) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R-12 ijonge ukuphuhlisa abafundi abakwaziyo:
� ukuchonga nokusombulula iingxaki nokwenza izigqibo besebenzisa ukucinga nzulu nokuqiqa; � ukusebenza ngempumelelo bebodwa naxa bekunye nabanye njengamalungu eqela; � ukuzicwangcisa nokuzilawula bona buqu kunye nemisebenzi yabo ngentembeko nangempumelelo; � ukuqokelela, ukuhlalutya, ukucwangcisa nokuhlaba amadlala ulwazi; � ukunxibelelana nabanye ngempumelelo besebenzisa ubuchule bokubonwayo, bemiqondiso
kunye/okanye nezinye izakhono zolwimi ngeendlela ezahlukileyo; � ukusebenzisa inzululwazi neteknoloji ngempumelelo nangokubonakalisa ukuba noxanduva
ngokunengqiqo bebonakalisa ukukhathalela okusingqongileyo nempilo yabanye; kunye
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� nokubonisa ukuliqonda ihlabathi ukuba liyiseti yezinto ngezinto ezizalanayo ngokuqaphela ukuba iimeko ezisonjululwa phantsi kwazo iingxaki azizimelanga zodwa geqe.
(e) Ukuqukaniswa kwemfundo kufuneka kube ngundoqo ekulungiseleleni, ekucwangciseni nesekufundiseni
kwisikolo ngasinye. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa bonke ootitshala benolwazi olunzulu noluphangaleleyo lwendlela yokuqonda nokusombulula izidingo zokufundisa nendlela yokucwangcisela abafundi abangafaniyo. Undoqo ekulawuleni ukuqukaniswa kwemfundo kukuqinisekisa ukuba izidingo ziyachongwa ze zisonjululwe ngawo onke amaqela enkxaso efanelekileyo asesikolweni, aquka ootitshala, amagosa esithili, amaQela eNkxaso amaZiko, abazali neZikolo zabaFundi abaneeMfuno eZizodwa njengamaZiko aXhobisayo. Ukusombulula izidingo eklasini, ootitshala mabasebenzise iindlela ngeendlela zokujongana neyantlukwano kwikharityhulam ezifana nezo zikuxwebhu lweSebe leMfundo esiSiseko oluthi Guidelines for Inclusive Teaching and Learning (2010).
1.4 UKwabiwa kweXesha
1.4.1IsiGaba esiSisiseko
(a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa kwisiGaba esiSisiseko limi ngolu hlobo:
Isifundo Ixesha elabiweyo ngeveki (iiyure)
I. IiLwimi II. IziBalo
III. IZakhono zoBomi • ULwazi olusiSiseko • UbuGcisa beZandla • EzemiThambo • UkuziPhatha neNtlalo
10 (11) 7 6 (7) 1 (2) 2 2 1
(b) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa lamaBanga R, 1 nelesi-2 ziiyure ezingama-23. IBanga lesi-3 ziiyure
ezingama-25. (c ) KwiiLwimi zili-10 iyure kumaBanga R-2 zize zibe li-11 kwiBanga lesi-3. ULwimi
lwaseKhaya/Lwenkobe lwabelwe iiyure ezisi-7 ukuya kwezisi-8, kanti uLwimi oloNgezelelweyo lona lwabelwe iiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 kumaBanga R - 2. Kwibanga lesi-3, uLwimi lwaseKhaya lwabelwe iiyure ezisi-7 ukuya kwezisi-8, kanti uLwimi lokuQala oLongezelelweyo lwabelwe iiyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4.
(d) KwiZakhono zoBomi, uLwazi olusiSiseko lwabelwe iyure e-1 kumaBanga R – 2, zi-2 njengoko
kubonisiwe kwizibiyeli kwiBanga lesi-3.
1.4.2 IsiGaba esiPhakathi (a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa kwisiGaba esiPhakathi limi ngolu hlobo:
Isifundo Ixesha elabiweyo ngeveki (iiyure)
I. ULwimi lwaseKhaya II. ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo III. IziBalo IV. INzululwazi nobuChwepheshe
(neTeknoloji) V. INzululwazi yezeNtlalo
6 5 6 3.5
3
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VI. IZakhono zoBomi • Ubugcisa beZandla • EzemiThambo • UkuziPhatha neNtlalo
4 1.5 1 1.5
1.4.3 Isigaba esiPhezulu
(a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa kwisiGaba esiPhezulu limi ngolu hlobo:
Isifundo Ixesha elabiweyo ngeveki (iiyure)
I. ULwimi lwaseKhaya II. ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo III. IziBalo IV. INzululwazi yezeNdalo V. INzululwazi yezeNtlalo
VI. UbuChwepheshe (iTeknoloji) VII. INzululwazi yoLawulo
lwezoQoqosho VIII. IziFundo ngezoBomi IX. UbuGcisa beZandla
5 4 4.5 3 3 2 2
2 2
1.4.4 AmaBanga 10-12
(a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa amaBanga 10-12 limi ngolu hlobo:
Izifundo Ixesha elabiweyo ngeveki (iiyure)
I. ULwimi lwaseKhaya II. ULwimi lokuQala
oloNgezelelweyo III. IziBalo IV. IziFundo ngezoBomi V. Ezithathu eziKhethwayo
4.5 4.5
4.5 2 12 (3x4yr)
Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa ngeveki malisetyenziselwe ukufundisa izifundo ngokweemfuno zezifundo zeNKZ ezichatshazelwe apha ngasentla, hayi ezinye izifundo ezongezelelweyo. Ukuba umfundi ufuna ukongeza izifundo, makongezelwe elinye ixesha lezo zifundo azongezileyo.
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ICANDELO 2
Ukwazisa iiLwimi 2.1 Iilwimi ngokweNkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharutyhulam nokuHlola Ulwimi sisixhobo sokucinga nonxibelelwano. Lukwayindlela yenkcubeko nobugcisa abantu abadla ngokwabelana ngayo ukuze baliqonde ngcono ilizwe abaphila kulo. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngokuchanekileyo kuxhobisa abafundi ukuze bakwazi ukufumana ulwazi, ukuzivakalisa ukuba bangoobani, iimvakalelo neembono zabo, ukunxibelelana ngokukuko nabanye nokuzilawulela ilizwe labo. Le nto yenza abafundi babe noluhlu lwemifanekiso neengcinga ezityebileyo, ezinamandla nezizinzileyo eziya kubanceda ekwenzeni ilizwe labo litshintshe kwinto eliyiyo; libe ngcono; licace ngaphezu kokuba licacile. Ulwimi yindlela yokudandalazisa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, obo budlelwane bunokuguqulwa, bandiswe, buphuculwe lulwimi. Imigangatho yolwimi Ukufunda ngeelwimi kumaBanga 10-12 kuquka zonke iilwimi zaseburhulumenteni zaseMzantsi Afrika, - isi-Afrikansi, isiNgesi, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, iSipedi (iSisuthu saseMantla), iSisuthu, iSitswana, iSiswati, isiVenda nesisiTsonga, kuquka noLwimi loMjeku (Sign Language) nezinye ezingezozaseMzantsi Afrika (Non-Official). Ezi lwimi zingafundiswa kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo eyile: ULwimi lwaseKhaya / lwenkobe lulwimi lokuqala olufundwa ngabafundi emakhayeni abo kuba kuthethwa lona; lulwimi abalusebenzisayo ukufunda ukucinga. Izikolo ezininzi zaseMzantsi Afrika abafundi azibafundisi ngeelwimi zabo zasekhaya koko bafunda ulwimi olunye okanye ezimbini ezikumgangatho wolwimi lwasekhaya. Ngoko ke amagama athi uLwimi lwaseKhaya / lweenkobe, noLwimi lokuQala oLongezelelweyo abhekiselele kumgangatho lowo ulwimi lwenziwa ngawo, hayi ukuba lolwenkobe (olwaseKhaya) okanye lufundiwe (njengeelwimi ezongezelelweyo). Ngokwenjongo yale polisi xa kubhekisa kulwimi lwasekhaya makwazeke ukuba loo nto imele umgagatho wolwimi hayi ulwimi uqobo. Umgangatho woLwimi lwaseKhaya / lwenkobe unika abafundi izakhono ezingundoqo zokukwazi ukuthetha nabanye abantu ezifuneka kwimo yokuhlala yasekuhlaleni nezakhono zemfundo ezifunekayo ngokwekharityhulam jikelele. Kugxininiswa ekufundisweni kwezi zakhono: ukuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda, ukubhala kulo mgagatho. Lo mgangatho ukwanika abafundi amathuba okufunda uncwadi nobugcisa nengqikelelo eya kubenza bakwazi ukuyila, ukuqikelela nokuxhobisa ukuqonda kwabo ilizwe abaphila kulo. Kodwa ugxininiso nomlinganiselo wokuphulaphula nokuthetha ukususela kwiBanga lesi-7 ukuya phezulu ungaphantsi kwalowo wezakhono zokufunda nokubhala. Umgangatho woLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo uthatha ngokuba abafundi abanalwazi kwaphela ngolu lwimi xa befika esikolweni. Kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yasesikolweni kugxilwa kakhulu ekukhuliseni izakhono zabafundi zokuqonda nokukwazi ukuluthetha olu lwimi – izakhono ezingundoqo zokunxibelelana nabanye abantu. KwiBanga lesi-2 nelesi-3 abafundi baqala ukukhulisa ulwazi (ilitheresi) kwesi siseko sokunxibelelana ngomlomo. Bakwasebenzisa izakhono zelitheresi abasele bezifunde kuLwimi lwabo lwaseKhaya / lweNkobe. KwisiGaba esiPhakathi nesiPhezulu, abafundi bayaqhuba nokuqinisa izakhono zabo zokuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala. Kweli nqanaba uninzi lwabantwana bafunda ngoLwimi lwabo lokuQala oloNgezeleweyo, yaye kufuneka babekwe kwiimeko apho baza kusisebenzisa nangakumbi. Ukugxininiso olukhulu lokusetyenziswa koLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo lukwinjongo yokucinga nokuqiqa. Le nto yenza ukuba abafundi bakhulise
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izakhono zabo zemfundo, abanokuzifuna ekufundeni izifundo. Bakwasebenza nangakumbi ngoncwadi baqale ukukhulisa ukukwazi kwabo ukonwabela ubuhle bobugcisa nengqikelelo ngoLwimi lwabo oLongezelelweyo. Ngethuba abafundi befika kwiBanga le-10, kufuneka babe sele bekwazi ukulusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo uLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo ngokubhekiselele kwizakhono zokunxibelelana nabantu kunye nezokuqonda izifundo. Kodwa ke kucacile ukuba abafundi abaninzi abanakukwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle ngoLwimi lwabo lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo kweli nqanaba. Ngoko ke, umngeni wamaBanga 10 – 12 kukunika aba bafundi inkxaso kodwa bekwanikwa ikharityhulam evumela ukuba abafundi bafezekise imigangatho efunekayo kwiBanga le-12. Le migangatho mayenziwe ngendlela yokuba abafundi balusebenzise kwinqanaba elingasentla ulwimi olongezelelweyo ukwenzela ukubalungiselela imfundo yamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo okanye ilizwe lomsebenzi. 2.2 Iinjongo ezicacileyo zokufunda iiLwimi Ukufunda ulwimi kufanele ukuba kwenze abafundi bakwazi:
• Ukufunda ngezakhono zolwimi ezifunekayo ekufundeni gabalala ezinye izifundo kwikharityhulam; • Ukuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda/ukubukela nokubhala/ukunikezela ngokuzithemba nangokonwaba.
Ezi zakhono nezi ndlela zokucinga zisisiseko sokufunda kubomi gabalala;
• Ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngokuchanekileyo kwiimeko zobomi bethabathela ingqalelo abaphulaphuli, injongo nomxholo;
• Ukusebenzisa ulwimi nengqikelelo yabo ukuzikhangela nangakumbi nokufunda banzi ngelizwe
elibangqongileyo. Le nto iya kubenza bakwazi ukuthetha ngamava abo nezinto abazifunde ngobomi, loo nto beyenza ngomlomo nangokubhala;
• Ukusebenzisa ulwimi njengesixhobo sokuzingela nokusebenzisa ulwazi abalufumeneyo nakwezinye
izifundo gabalala. Isakhono sokukwazi ukuqokelela nokucwangcisa ulwazi olufumeneyo sisiseko sokuphila kule mihla ‘yempucuko nolwazi’ sikwasisiseko sokufunda kubomi gabalala; kunye
• Nokusebenzisa ulwimi njengesixhobo sokucinga nzulu; ukwenzela ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo kwimiba
yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuziphatha nezithethe zentlalo; ukufunda ngokuqiqa uluhlu lweetekisi; ukucela umngeni kwiindlela ezibonwa ngayo izinto, izithethe namagunya asekuhlaleni akwiitekisi; nasekufundeni iitekisi befundela iinjongo ngeenjongo, ezifana nokuzonwabisa, uphando, ukuhlalutya.
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2.3. Amagqabantshintshi ngeKharityhulam yolwimi Le kharityhulam ilungiswe ngokwezi zakhono, imixholo neendlela zokufundisa zilandelayo:
Ukuphulaphula • Inkqubo yokuphulaphula
• Amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokuphulaphula
• Okwenziwayo xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokuphulaphula
• Okwenziwayo emva komsebenzi wokuphulaphula • Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokufumana ulwazi oluthile • Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokuhlalutya nokuphonononga
ngokunzulu • Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokuziyolisa
Ukuthetha • Inkqubo neendlela ezicwangcisiweyo (izitratheji)
zokuthetha o Ukucwangcisa, ukuphanda nokulungisa o Ukwenza intetho
• Iimpawu nemigaqo yeetekisi ze-Orali / zeNtetho yomlomo
Ukufunda nokubukela • Inkqubo yokufunda
o Amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokufunda o Okwenziwayo xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokufunda o Okwenziwayo emva komsebenzi wokuphulaphula
• Ubugcisa neendlela ezicwangcisiweyo ezisetyenziswayo kwinkqubo yokufunda
• Uphuhliso lwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi • Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nokucwangciswa kwetekisi • Iimpawu zoncwadi Ukubhala nokunikezela Inkqubo yokubhala • Ukucwangcisa/amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokubhala • Ukudrafta • Ukuhlaziya • Ukuhlela • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ukunikezela • Izakhiwo zolwimi nemigaqo kwinkqubo yokubhala • Iimpawu zeetekisi eziveliswayo Izakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi
2.4 Injongo engundoqo yokufundiswa kwezakhono zolwimi Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha ngundoqo ekufundweni kwazo zonke izifundo. Ngeendlela ezicwangcisiweyo zokuphulaphula nokuthetha, abafundi baqokelela ulwazi baze baluhluze, balubumbe, basombulule iingxaki bandule ukuvakalisa izimvo neembono zabo. Izakhono zokuphulaphula ezingundoqo zixhobisa abafundi ukuze bakwazi ukuqaphela imiba yezentlalo yokuziphatha neendlela zokucinga ezifumaneka kwiitekisi bakwazi nokucela umngeni ulwimi olunxaxhileyo noluqhathayo. Zonke ezi zakhono zokuthetha zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo xa zisetyenziswa nezakhiwo zolwimi. Ukufundwa kwesakhiwo solwimi makuncedise ukuqhakamshelana okufanelekileyo yaye kuhambelane nokusetyenziswa kolwimi kwizimo zentlalo ezahlukeneyo, umz. ukuvakalisa iingcinga okanye iimvakalelo zomntu, ukwazisa abantu, ukukhombisa indlela nokunika imiyalelo. Izakhono zokuphulaphula eziza kufundiswa ziza kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwetekisi yomlomo neenjongo zomphulaphuli. Ukufunda nokubukela ngundoqo ekufundeni okuyimpumelelo kwizifundo zonke, kwakunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwintlalo nakwiindawo zemisebenzi. Abafundi bakhulisa ubugcisa ekufundeni nasekujongeni intaphane yeetekisi zoncwadi nezingezozoncwadi, kubandakanya iitekisi ezibukwayo. Ukuqondakala nokuchazwa kwentsingiselo yezinto ezibhaliweyo nezibukwayo kuxhomekeke kulwazi umfundi analo ngezakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi kunye namava akhe obomi. Izakhi zolwimi zinceda abafundi ekwazini indlela iitekisi ezakhiwe ngayo. Abafundi mabasebenzise imigaqo yamalungiselelo okufunda, ukufunda nasemva kokuba kufundiwe ukunceda ukuba baqonde kwaye bacacise iindidi ngeendidi zeetekisi umz. ukuqikelela, ukucacisa, ukuphonononga. Abafundi mabasebenzise imigaqo yamalungiselelo okufunda efana nokukrwaqula nokubalekisa amehlo (skimming and scanning) bekhangela iimpawu zetekisi, izahluko zencwadi nokwakhiwa kwemihlathi/iitekisi bafunde ukuba zidlala yiphi indima kwintsingiselo. Abafundi mabancendiswe ukwakha isigama ngokufunda iindidi ngeendidi zetekisi. Kodwa ke kwesi sigaba sokugqibela sokufunda (amabanga10 – 12) le misebenzi ifuna ugxininiso oluncinane kuba kugxininiswe kakhulu kuyo kumabanga angezantsi.
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Ukubhala nokunikezela kuvumela abafundi ukuba bavelise badlulise iingcinga neembono ngokubumbeneyo. Ukuziqhelisa ukubhala rhoqo, ngeemeko ezahlukileyo, imisebenzi, nemimandla yezifundo, kwenza ukuba abafundi badlulise ulwazi ngendlela olusebenza ngayo ulwimi, besebenzisa isiphiwo sokuyila. Injongo kukuvelisa ababhali abanesakhono, nabanolwazi oluphangeleleyo, abaya kukwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchule babo ekwakheni iitekisi ezamkelekileyo ezibhaliweyo, ezibukwayo, kunye nezezinye iindidi ngeendidi zeetekisi zemalthimidiya, besenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ulwazi lwezakhi nemigaqo yolwimi luya kwenza abafundi bakwazi ukuvelisa iitekisi ezibumbeneyo nezilandelelana ngendlela. Izakhi zolwimi mazifundiswe ukwakha iitekisi ngokwemeko ezisetyenziswa kuzo. Izakhi zolwimi mazifundiselwe ukwakha iitekisi ngokweemeko ezisetyenziswa kuzo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezakhi zolwimi makungapheleliswa ekuhlahleleni izivakalisi ezizimeleyo. Kufuneka kucacise indlela ezilandelelana ngayo izivakalisi ukwakha iitekisi ezipheleleyo ezifana namabali, izincoko, iileta, neengxelo nezinye abafundi abazifundayo nabazibhalayo esikolweni. Ezi zakhono mazifundiswe ngokudibeneyo, zingasetyenziswa zizimele. Xa zifundiswa zidityanisiwe ezi zakhono, ugxininiso kwisakhono esinye lunokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwesinye isakhono umzekelo, umfundi owenza ingxoxo-mpikiswano uza kufunda isincoko esixoxayo/esivelela amacala amabini engxoxo ze emva koko akhuphe esakhe isincoko esixoxayo/esivelela amacala amabini esibhaliweyo esebenzisa izakhi zolwimi ezifana nezithethantonye (izifanokuthi) nezichasi, izilanduli nezihlanganisi, nezinye. Izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni nasekuveliseni iitekisi zomlomo nezibhaliweyo, ngoko ke kufuneka zidityaniswe nezi zakhono zolwimi kuthethwe ngazo apha ngentla. 2.5 Iindlela zokufundiswa kolwimi Iindlela zokufundiswa kolwimi kula maxwebhu zezisekelwe kwiitekisi, ezibandakanyayo, ezidibanisayo nezifundisa ngokwenkqubo. Indlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiitekisi kunye nendlela yokufundisa ngokubandakanya abafundi zixhomekeke kakhulu kusetyenziso rhoqo noveliso lweendidi ngeendidi zeetekisi. Indlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiitekisi ifundisa abafundi ukuba babe ngababhali nabafundi abagqwesileyo, abazithembileyo nabaqiqayo. Oku kubandakanya ukuphulaphula, ukufunda, ukubukela nokuhlalutya iitekisi ukwenzela ukuqonda indlela eziveliswe ngayo nefuthe lazo. Le nto iphuhlisa izakhono zabafundi zokuphengulula nokuphendla iitekisi gabalala. Iitekisi zoqobo ngowona mthombo ekusekelwa kuwo umxholo nemeko yokufundwa nokufundiswa kolwimi ngendlela enxibelelanayo nedibeneyo. Indlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiitekisi ikwabandakanya uveliso lweendidi ngeendidi zeetekisi ezilungiselelwe iinjongo ezithile nabaphulaphuli/abafundi abathile. Konke oku kusekelwe kwingqiqo yokwazi indlela iitekisi ezakhiwe ngayo. Indlela yokufundisa ngokubandakanya abafundi icebisa ukuba xa ufunda ulwimi, umfundi makanikwe ithuba elaneleyo lokulusebenzisa olu lwimi alufundayo kunye namathuba okuziqhelanisa okanye ukuqhakamshelana ngomlomo esebenzisa lona. Abafundi bafunda ukufunda ngokuthi banikwe babe nezinto abazifundayo kananjalo nokubhala bakufunda ngokunikwa amathuba amaninzi okubhala. Ukufundisa ngokwenkqubo kusetyenziswa xa abafundi bevelisa iitekisi zomlomo nezibhaliweyo. Abafundi bathabatha inxaxheba kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo eenkqubo zokuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala. Abafundi mabacinge ngababukeli/abaphulaphuli nangenjongo xa besenza ezi nkqubo. Loo nto iya kubenza bakwazi ukuqhakamshelana, ukuthetha nokuveza iimbono zabo ngobuchule. Umzekelo, ukufundiswa kokubhala akugxininisi kwisiphumo kuphela, koko kugxininisa nakwinjongo nenkqubo yokubhala. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhala abafundi bafundiswa ukuvelisa izimvo, ukucinga ngenjongo, nabantu abaza kufunda umsebenzi wabo, ukubhala iidrafti ukuhlela umsebenzi wabo nokunikezela ngaloo nto bayibhalileyo edandalazisa iingcinga zabo. Iindlela zokufundiswa koncwadi Esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokufunda uncwadi eklasini kukukhulisa uvakalelo lwabafundi kusetyenziso lolwimi ngendlela ecolekileyo, enobuchule, enongiweyo, enemifanekiso-ngqondweni, nemiqondiso nenzulileyo kunokuba
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befunda enye into engelulo uncwadi. Noxa ezinye iitekisi zoncwadi izezokuzonwabisa, ukuhlekisa, ukwandisa ulwazi, ababhali abazimiseleyo nabazinikezeleyo babhala iinoveli, imidlalo, isihobe kuba beneengcinga, imibono nemiba; imithetho-siseko, iimbono, neenkolelo abafuna ukwabelana ngazo nokuziveza kubafundi beencwadi zabo. Ingqikelelo ekusetyenzisweni kolwimi yenye yeendlela ezongeziweyo zokutyhila, ukomeleza nokugxininisa iingcinga zaba babhali. Ukufundiswa koncwadi okukho lula, kodwa kunzima ngakumbi xa zingekho iingcinga zabafundi, ukufumana intsingiselo nokuphawula okunyanisekileyo okuvela kubafundi ngokwabo. Ngaphandle kokuba bazifundele ngokwabo ukuyazi intsingiselo engqalileyo yetekisi leyo, abayi kube bafunde okuninzi. Ootitshala mabazinxweme ekuchazeni uncwadi ngendlela abayiva ngayo incwadi, bavumele abafundi ukuba ibe ngabo abathabatha inxaxheba enkulu xa kuhlalutywa. Uhlalutyo okanye ukuchazwa kwencwadi ukukho malunga nokuchaneka okanye ukungachaneki. Koko kukuphanda ngentsingiselo kulowo uyifundayo. Ezona ndlela zingcono zokufundisa uncwadi zinokuquka ezinye okanye zonke ezi zilandelayo: • Ngokufunda itekisi eklasini ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngomnye umsebenzi. Oku akunakuthatha
ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini. Kubalulekile ukuba abafundi babe nolwazi olucacileyo ngokuqhubekayo nokungundoqo wetekisi (ukuba ingantoni). Ukufunda itekisi ithuba elide kukwenza ulahlekane nesakhiwo nomxholo; funda isiqwanaqwana ngethutyana ukuze wazi ukuthethwayo. Kwiiklasi ezininzi itekisi ifundwa ngaphandle kwale nkxaso. Oku makukhuthazwe. Fundisa isihobe gabalala, hayi imibongo. Fundani kangangoko ninako eklasini ze uqiniseke ukuba abafundi nabo babhala eyabo imibongo.
• Ukuhlalutywa koncwadi kubaluleke kakhulu kwimfundo yaseyunivesithi, abafundi kulo mgangatho abafanelanga kufunda uhlalutyo oluntsokothileyo. Kodwa ke wonke umsebenzi wokufundisa abafundi uncwadi kukubonisa ukuba ulwimi lwabo lwasekhaya / lwenkobe lungasetyenziswa mayana, ngobukrelekrele, ngokuqikelela nangokuvulelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuqwalaselisisa ukuba itekisi yakhiwe kanjani, ubuchule obusetyenzisiweyo, ukucwangciswa kwayo ngokutsha ukucacisa nokugxininisa loo nto iboniswayo. Lo msebenzi unokufuna uqwalaselo lobukho nokungabikho kwemifanekiso-ngqondweni, mfanekiso ngqondweni wuphi ophuhliswa ngumbhali? Kutheni? ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nemihlathi, okanye ubume bemibongo, amagama akhethiweyo, umxholo kwitekisi jikelele, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso, isandi, umbala apho kuyimfumeko. Uninzi lwalo msebenzi maluxhomekeke kuloo ncwadi ifundwayo, kodwa ukuhlalutywa komqolo ngomqolo kulo naluphi uncwadi olubhaliweyo akumkhulisi umfundi.
• Uyilo lokubhala kufuneka luhambelane ngqongqo nokufundiswa kwayo nayiphi na itekisi yoncwadi. Imisebenzi ebhalwayo efuna ngamandla ulwazi lwetekisi efundiweyo ifunyaniswa ukuba incedisa ngakumbi ukuseka izinga eliphakamileyo lokuxabisa/lokuhluza kwicala labafundi. Iingxoxo zaseklasini zingaba nempumelelo xa wonke ubani enokuthabatha inxaxheba. Kodwa ezo zinesiphelo somsebenzi obhaliweyo zezona zifezekisa injongo nezincedisayo macala onke.
• Elokugqibela, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uNcwadi ayizompendulo zichanekileyo: umz. uluvo lokuba umbongo ungathetha nantoni na ukuba nje ‘unobungqina’ baloo nto uyithethayo obuvela kwitekisi luyalahlekisa yaye lukhokelela kwiingcinga ezingaqiqwanga malunga nendlela olusebenza ngayo uncwadi. Itekisi xa iyonke ichaza/icacisa into ngokuzeleyo hayi ngokweziqendu; ufundisiso lwetekisi olulungileyo luquka yonke itekisi ekuchazweni kwentsingiselo yayo, ukwakhiwa, izimvo zakho, nokuphononongwa kwayo.
2.6 Ulwabiwo lwexesha kwiKharityhulam Ixesha lokufundisa uLwimi lwaseKhaya / lweNkobe ziiyure ezi-4.5 ngeveki kwiiveki ezingama-40 zonyaka. Wonke umxholo wolwimi wabelwe iiveki ezimbini, oko kukuthi ziyure ezili-9 ngeeveki ezibini. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ootitshala balandele eli xesha leeveki ezimbini kodwa kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba izakhono zokufunda, ngakumbi ezokufunda nokubhala iitekisi zenziwa kangangoko. Ixesha elabelwe izakhono zolwimi ezahlukeneyo kumaBanga e-10 nele-11 ziiveki ezingama-36. Iiveki ezine zimele iimviwo. Ixesha loLwimi lwaseKhaya kwiBanga le-12 ziiveki ezingama-30. Iiveki ezilishumi zezoviwo.
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Kwithayimtheyibhile ulwimi malwabelwe iiphiriyodi ezimbini ezidibeneyo ngeveki. Kulwabiwo lweeveki ezimbini zokufundisa izakhono ezahlukileyo zolwimi kucetyiswa eli xesha lilandelayo:
Izakhono Ulwabiwo lwexesha lweeveki ezimbini
(ngokweeyure)
%
*UkuPhulaphula nokuThetha 1 10 *UkuFunda nokuBukela: isiCatshulwa noNcwadi: 4 45 *UkuBhala nokuNikezela 4 45 *Izakhi zolwimi nokusetyenziswa kwalo kudityanisiwe kulwabiwo lwexesha lwezakhono ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla. 2.7 Iimfuno zokufundiswa koLwimi lwaseKhaya / lweNkobe njengesifundo/njengesabjekthi
• Umfundi ngamnye kufuneka abe noku kulandelayo: (a) Incwadi emiselweyo yolwimi. (b) Ezi ndidi zoncwadi zivunyiweyo /ziphunyeziweyo: Inoveli / Uncwadi lwemveli Idrama Isihobe (c) Isichazi-magama (d) Izixhobo zokusasaza iindaba: Ingqokelela yamaphephandaba neemagazini
• Utitshala kufuneka abe noku kulandelayo: (a) INkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharityhulam nokuHlola (CAPS) (b) Ipolisi yoLwimi lweMfundo (LiEP) (c) Incwadi emiselweyo yolwimi esetyenziswa ngabafundi nezinye ezinokusetyenziswa (d) Ezi ndidi zoncwadi zivunyiweyo/ziphunyeziweyo:
Inoveli / Uncwadi lwemveli Idrama Isihobe (e) Izichazi-magama (f) Izixhobo zokusasaza iindaba: Ingqokelela yamaphephandaba, iimagazini neebrowutsha
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ICANDELO 3 IZakhono, uMxholo, iiNdlela zokuFundisa neziCwangciso zokuFundisa
Eli candela lahlulwe KABINI: linesishwankathelo sezakhono, umxholo neendlela zokufundisa, kunye neziCwangciso zokuFundisa.
3.1 UkuPhulaphula nokuThetha • Inkqubo yokuphulaphula • Amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokuphulaphula
o Yakha imeko/ubume o Tsala umdla o Qiniseka ngesigama o Thelekelela umongo o Qiniseka ngolwazi olusele lukhona o Vuselela ulwazi onalo/lwangaphambili o Qwalasela imigangatho yokuphulaphula o Phulaphula ngenjongo ethile
• Okwenziwayo xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokuphulaphula
o Hlalutya � Umyalezo � Isithethi � Ubungqina besithethi, indlela esicinga ngayo nesicenga ngayo/esithundeza ngayo
o Zidibanise neengcinga zesithethi o Fumana intsingiselo o Buza imibuzo o Thatha izigqibo kwaye uqininsekise ngokuthelekelela obekwenziwe o Cingicisa ze uphonononge
• Okwenziwayo emva komsebenzi wokuphulaphula o Buza imibuzo o Thetha ngokuthethwe sisithethi o Shwankathela ngomlomo oko ubukuphulaphule o Qwalasela kwakhona amanqaku owabhale ngethuba uphulaphule o Cingisisa uze uphonononge ngokunzulu oko kuviweyo o Yenza imisebenzi eza kwakha imiba efundiweyo o Cingisisa /qwalasela oko bekuphulaphulwe
• Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokufumana ulwazi oluthile
Ukuphulaphula, kunokuva nje, ngundoqo wokujongana ngengqiqo nayo nayiphi na imeko ohlangana nayo koko kukungqongileyo. Kwilizwe apho kusetyenziswa khona ubuchwepheshe (iteknoloji) obufana nezandi, amazwi, umculo, nokuthetha, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuphulaphula loo nto inentsingiselo kuphela. Okuninzi koku kudweliswe apha ngezantsi, okwenzeka kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo enkqubo yokuphulaphula ekuthethwe ngayo apha ngentla, kunokungaqheleki kubafundi kwesi sigaba, yaye ootitshala kufuneka basebenze kuphela kwezo nkqubo bafumanisa ukuba kusafuneka begxininise kuzo. • Jonga ulwazi abanalo kuqala phambi kokuba baphulaphule • Qondisisa injongo yesithethi • Phulaphulisisa ze ubonakalise umdla • Funa intsingiselo • Jonga ukuba umyalezo uyavakala na ngokuthi unxulumanise, uqikelele uze ungqinisise olo qikelelo, uthatha
izigqibo, uphonononge, ucingisise ze ucinge kwakhona malunga nokuvileyo
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• Thabatha amanqaku anentsingiselo ugqabaza, ubonisa icala eya ngakulo intetho, uyibeka kuhlobo oluthile, ushwankathela, usenza iitshekilisti, ubeka intetho ngamazwi akho, ubalisa kwakhona, ucacise
• Bonisa umyalezo ovela kwisithethi • Qwalasela/jonga imeko nohlobo lwamagama • Khetha/chonga, fumana intsingiselo ze uphonononge imiyalezo • Phulaphula imiyalelo, imikhomba-ndlela nemigaqo emayilandelwe • Fumana iingcinga ezingundoqo nezixhasayo • Sebenzisa ulwazi ngoku-: thelekisa, phulaphula imiyalelo, vala izikhewu, qwalasela umahluko, korekisha imiba
ethile, dlulisa ulwazi, landalelanisa, dibanisa, ze uchaze intsingiselo • Landelela loo ntetho ibisenziwa ngoku-: phendula imibuzo, qwalasela kwakhona amanqaku akho obuwabhalile,
hlela iingcinga, shwankathela, cacisa, cingisisa, thetha okanye ubhale Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokuhlalutya nokuphonononga Uninzi lwezi nkqubo zidweliswe apha ngezantsi ziluncedo ekufundeni iitekisi zoncwadi, kwizibhengezo nakumaxhwebhu ezopolitiko. Emva komsebenzi wokuphulaphula, ootitshala badla ngokuvulela amathuba okuxoxa, kodwa kuluncedo ukuba emva kwengxoxo benze umsebenzi obhaliweyo. Kungacatshulwa isicatshulwa esithathwe kumculo wesandi sefilim sisityenziswe ukuqala isincoko esibalisayo. (“Yintoni kanye le uyivayo? Funa intsingiselo yayo.”). Ukukhethwa kwamagama ‘achukumisayo’ ze avuselele imizwa kwintetho, okanye ekufundeni umbongo kungaqukwa ekubhaleni okuhambelana naloo meko okanye loo nto ubhala ngayo. Quka amagama kwintetho ephikisayo kuleyo ithethwa sisithethi; okanye usebenzise la magama kumbongo wakho ukuze ulwazi lwakho lwamagama lucace. o Khetha uchaze intsingiselo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi olulukuhlayo noluqhathayo, olunika ingcinga ecalanye
nedlelelelayo, ingcinga ebethelelekileyo engeyonyaniso o Yahlula phakathi kwenyani noluvo o Bonakalisa ulwazi malunga nethoni, isantya nokusetyenziswa kolwimi o Phendula kwisimbo, ithoni nerejista uphonononge ngendlela efanelekileyo o Kwazi ukulandelelanisa ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo o Thelekelela ze uveze ubungqina o Thelekelela ze uqikelele iziqhamo zoko/iziphumo zoko o Phendula ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi, ukhetho lwamagama, ifomathi, ukubizwa/uphimiselo lwamagama. Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokuziyolisa Le misebenzi yokuphulaphula yenzeka ngokulula kwiingxoxo-mpikiswano, iingxoxo zamaqela amancinci, nakuyo nayiphi na ingxoxo elungisiweyo. Ukubukela iikliphu zefilim kungaba luncedo kakhulu ekuhlahleleni ezi mpawu zidweliswe apha ngezantsi: o Ukuphendula kwiimeko ngeemeko zoqhakamshelwano o Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yokunika amathuba xa nincokola. o Ukubuza imibuza ukuqhubela phambili incoko. o Ukuphendula kulwimi, izijekulo, ukunamathelisa iliso nokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba. o Ukuboninsa ukuzalana phakathi kolwimi nenkcubeko ngokubonakalisa intlonipho kwinkcubeko yethu.
Ukuthetha Ukuba abafundi ekupheleni kwesi isiqedu kwimfundo yabo bangakwazi ukuthetha lula, kakuhle nangokugqibeleyo, bangaba bafumene eyona nto ibalulekileyo ebomini babo bobuqu noboqeqesho. Ukwakha ukuzithemba kubaluleke kakhulu kunabo nabuphi na ubuchule bentetho yasedlangalaleni. Abafundi kufuneka bazi ukuba xa bethetha akukho siphoxo nantsini/intlekisa kwaye mabaqiniseke ukuba bafumana inkxaso epheleleyo nenkuthazo kutitshala ngalo lonke ixesha.
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Abafundi bafundisiwe ubuncinane zonke iindlela ezingundoqo zokwenza intetho esulungekileyo kweli phambi kokuba bafike kweli bakala. Fundisa abafundi oko kufuneka bekwazile kuphela. Ukufundiswa kokuthetha kufanele kudibanise ulwazi nenkqubo yemigaqo yoqhakamshelwano. Inkqubo nemigaqo yokuthetha (izitratheji) Inkqubo yokuthetha yenziwa ngala manqanaba alandelayo:
• Ukucwangcisa, ukuphanda nokulungisa • Ukuziqhelanisa • Ukwenza intetho
Ukucwangcisa, ukuphanda nokulungisa Abafundi mabakwazi ukubonakalisa izakhono zokucwangcisa, zokuphanda, nokulungisa ukulungiselela intetho yomlomo: • ngokusebenzisa irejista, isimbo, ilizwi ngokwantu abalungiselelwayo, injongo, imeko nomongo; • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olwamkelekileyo; • Ukubonisa ulwazi olungundoqo lolwimi ngokunika iinyani nokuvelisa izimvo ngentsingiselo yentsusa, eyongezelelweyo
kunye necingelwayo; • ukuchaza nokubonisa izithethe neendlela abacinga ngazo, ulwimi olulukuhlayo / oluqhathayo, iingcinga/iingcamango
ezicalanye nezidlelelelayo, iingcinga ezibethelelekileyo ezingeyonyaniso, ulwimi olucengayo noluqweqwedisayo; kunye • • Nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nezichazi-magama neethesarasi ukukhetha awona magama afanelekileyo
nachanekielyo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza intetho besebenzisa amanqaku abhaliweyo (iinowuthsi) nezincedisi, iitekisi ezibonwayo kunye/okanye neziviwayo neegrafu ukuncedisa ekwenzeni intetho ibe nomdla yaye ichaneke.
Ukunikezela Abafundi mabakwazi ukubonakalisa izakhono zabo zokwenza intetho yomlomo ngoku-: • Thetha ngqo nababukeli/abaphulaphuli bakho; • Sebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ukuqokelela ulwazi, nokufumana uluhlu lwamanqaku okuzixhasa nokunika imizekelo
ngokwemfuno zomsebenzi; • Sebenzisa intshayelelo edlwengula umxhelo nodlwabevu lwesiphelo; ukukhulisa ingcinga nengxoxo ngendlela ecacileyo
nelandelelanayo; ugcine intetho yakho isemxholweni, ulumkela iintetho ezibheka ecaleni, uphindaphindo olungafunekiyo /olubaxekileyo, nemibuzo buciko engangeni ndawo;
• Sebenzisa izakhiwo ezifana nezi zilandelayo: ngokulandelelana kweziganeko, umba osematheni, unobangela nesiphumo, ukuthelekisa nokuchasanisa, isisombulolo sengxaki nokuqonondisisa;
• Sebenzisa imvakalozwi eyamkelekileyo; • Nikezela nokukhulisa incoko yababini ecacileyo nokukhetha ubungqina obusemgangathweni (umz. iinkcukacha-
manani, ubungqina, iimeko ezithile) kuquka into ekholelekayo, eyinyani, engqinekayo nefanelekileyo; • Sebenzisa iindlela zokuthetha nabantu (address) ezifanelekileyo okanye uphindaphindo: manene nani manenekazi;
ndifuna ukugxininisa ukuba …; • Sebenzisa amagama, izakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi eyamkelekileyo; kunye • Nokusebenzisa ubuchule obuthethwa ngomlomo nobungathethwayo (umz. Usetyenziso lwethoni/imvakalozwi,
kwelizwi, isithuba / isingqi, ukubekwa kwamazwi entetho, unamathelo lwamehlo, iintshukumo zobuso, izijekulo neentshukumo zomzimba) ngokuchanekileyo xa kusenziwa intetho.
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Iimpawu nemigaqo yeetekisi zoqhakashelwano ngomlomo Intetho elungisiweyo Yonke into edweliswe phantsi kokuNikezela iyasebenza nalapha: Intetho engalungiswanga
• Usetyenziso lwethoni, ukuhla nokwenyuka kwelizwi, isantya sokuthetha, ukunamathelisa amehlo, indlela yokuma nezijekulo
• Ukusetyenziswa kwesigama esichanekileyo nemigaqo yolwimi • ukusetyenziswa kwentshayelelo nesiphelo esichanekileyo nesigqibeleleyo
Udliwano-ndlebe
• Udliwano-ndlebe yincoko yababini elungiselelweyo phakathi kwabantu okanye amaqela ababini. • Umntu obuzwayo uphendula imibuzo anike nolwazi olulindelekileyo. • Umntu omnye usenokubuzwa imibuzo yiphaneli. • Indlela yokulubhala kukubhala umbuzo olandelwa yimpendulo. • Qala kumgca osekhohlo ubhale igama lesithethi lilandelwe yikholoni. • Njengakuzo zonke iincoko yababini kwintetho gqo awuzifaki iimpawu zocaphulo. • Usebenzisa umntu wokuqala umz. Ndi….. • Kwintshayelelo obuza imibuzo unika imvelaphi yomntu ambuzayo. • Kwisiqu obuzayo ubuza imibuzo esemxholweni emalunga nesihloko nobuzwayo uphendula okubuzwayo. Obuzayo
makabonise ulwazi oluphangaleleyo. • Imibuzo mayihlelwe ngendlela ukuze kufunyanwe ulwazi olufanelekileyo nolulindelekileyo kulowo ubuzwayo. • Imibuzo inganxibelelana nengaphambili. • Iimpendulo mazicacise ngokwaneleyo zinike izimvo neengongoma ezifanelekileyo. • Ithoni nolwimi luxhomekeke kubudlelwana phakathi kwezithethi nomba okuxoxwa ngawo. • Imibuzo neempendulo makube ngathi iyazizela. • Ijagoni yamkelekile.
• Sebenzisa izakhono zokubuza imibuzo, zokutshintsha iingqondo zabantu, ukubhala amanqaku, ukushwankathela,
nezijekulo ngokufanelekileyo • Cwangcisa uzilungiselele: qaphela injongo, ulwazi lwangaphambili, amagqabantshintshi, imibuzo, ixesha, indawo,
ukulandelelana kwemiba nobunjani bendawo (jonga iimpawu zokubhala) • Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe ezibekwe ngokwamabinzana:
o Intshayelelo (ukuzazisa; ukunika injongo) o Ukwenza umbuzwa azive ekhululekile (rappot) (ukudala umoya wokuthembana) o Imibuzo (buza uqala ngemibuzo ephangaleleyo usiya kuleyo ingqalileyo, imibuzo efanelekileyo; sebenzisa
ulwimi lwabantu abadala, olucingelayo, oluhloniphekileyo noluguqulela ingqondo luyizisa kule nto ithethwayo; phulaphulisisa; phonononga impendulo, phendula ngokwanelisayo ukubonisa ukuba uyayazi le nto uthetha ngayo)
o Isishwankathelo (bhala phantsi iimpendulo ngokubhala amanqaku; shwankathela; landelelanisa iimpendulo neenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo)
o Ukuvala (bulela umbuzwa; nika iinkcukacha zoqhakamshelwano).
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Ukwaziswa kwesithethi • Yazisa isithethi kubaphulaphuli ngokwenkcukacha eziyimfuneko njengoko kwamkelekile. Cwangcisa, lungisa uze unikezele.
• Sebenzisa ulwimi olunesidima ukwamkela nokwazisa isithethi. Ungazami ukuhlekisa. • Phanda kwisithethi ukufumana ulwazi olunxulumene naso nolwimi esifuna lusetyenziswe xa sisaziswa • Fumana kwisithethi into esifuna uyisebenzise xa isazisa ngokwecivi (CV) yaso. • Yithi gqaba gqaba ngemvelaphi yesithethi eso. • Nika ingxelo emfutshane ngobomi baso basesikolweni, amakhondo, iziqinisekiso zemfundo nenkcukacha zaso
zokusebenza. • Chaza izinto zaso esizithandayo kuphela xa imeko ifuna zona ngokwentetho esiza kuyenza. • Xela ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisifumeneyo isithethi. • Nxulumanisa oku kusazisa kwakho nomxholo wento esimenyelwe ukuba size kuthetha kuyo, umz. kutheni isithethi
simenyelwe ukuthetha kulo msitho. • Xela igama lesithethi ekugqibeleni, uqiniseke ukuba ulibiza ngendlela eyiyo. • Qiniseka ukuba uku kusazisa kwakho kufutshane: abaphulaphuli baze kuphulaphula isithethi hayi umntu owazisa
isithethi.
Ukudlulisa ilizwi lombulelo Ukudlulisa ilizwi lombulelo kwisithethi emva kokwenza intetho yaso kubaphulaphuli: • Cwangcisa, lungisa uze unikezele • Phulaphulisisa isithethi ukuze ukwazi ukufumana amagqabantshintshi entetho yaso. • Bamba/khetha amanqaku angundoqo entetho yaso, umz. sibulele isithethi ngengcinga nemiba emitsha esinityhilele
yona. • Yenza umbulelo omfutshane ongqalileyo
INgxoxo yePhaneli • Isithethi ngasinye masithethe ngomba othile wesihloko • Sebenzisa amabinzana ngokwemigaqo • Imisebenzi yomhlali-ngaphambili:
o Ukugcina ucwangco o Ukulawula ixesha o Ukulandela i-ajenda o Ukukhuthaza ukuthabatha inxaxheba o Yiba phakathi naphakathi, sukukhetha icala o Ukufuna iizindululo okanye iivoti
Incoko yababini engekhosesikweni / incoko
• Qaqala uqhube incoko • Imigaqo yokunikana amathuba xa nincokola • Ukuzixhasa kwincoko • Yenza uthethathethwano • Vala izikhewu xa nincokola nokukhuthaza lowo uncokola naye ukuba aqhubeke • Thetha ngeembono namava akho ubonise ulwazi lwemiba enincokola ngayo
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano • Isigqibo: yintetho axoxa ngayo amaqela amabini umz.. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezixhobo sesona sisombululo
esinikuzisa uxolo nokhuseleko.
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• Iimpikiswano (Rebuttals): chaza ukuba kutheni elinye iqela liphikisana nelinye. • Izithethi ezivumelana nesihloko (The affirmative speakers): zivumelana nesigqibo/neziphakamiso/isindululo. Iqela
elivumelana nesihloko lisoloko linoxanduva lokungqinelana nesihloko kwaye ingxoxo iqalwa lilo iphinde ivalwe lilo. • Izithethi ezichasene nesihloko (Negative speakers): ziphikisana nazo zonke izigqibo ngokuthi ziveze izimvo
ezichasene nesihloko bazixhase ngezabo izimvo. Imigaqo yengxoxo-mpikiswano • Isihloko nengxoxo yokuqala ichazwa sisithethi esivumelana nesihloko. • Emva kokuba isithethi esivumelana nesihloko sichazile, kuthetha isithethi sokuqala secala elichasayo. • Isithethi sesibini esivumelana nesihloko siyibeka elubala ingxoxo yeqela laso, siyicacise ngokuvokothekileyo. • Isithethi sesibini esichasene nesihloko sidandalazisa/sibeka/siveza uluvo lweqela laso. • Iqela elixhasayo neqela elichasayo anikwa imizuzu emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi (5-10) lokuya kuzilungiselela
impikiswano. Iqela ngalinye linyanzelekile ukuba liphikise ingxoxo yeqela eliphikisana nalo ukwakha kwakhona nokukhusela ingxoxo yalo.
• Iqela eliphikisayo/elichasayo lenza iingxoxo kabini ngokuchasene neengxoxo ezimbini zeqela elixhasayo, lichaze izizathu zalo ezibini.
• Iqela elixhasayo lenza iingxoxo kabini ngokuchasene neengxoxo ezimbini zeqela elixhasayo, lichaze izizathu zalo ezibini.
Ubude beetekisi emazisetyenziswe ukuPhulaphulela ukuQonda
Iitekisi Amabanga Inani lamagama
• Iitekisi zentetho yomlomo / ze-, ezibonwayo, eziviwa-zibonwa, ezemalthimidiya ezifana namanqaku emagazini, amaphephandaba, iikhathuni, izibhengezo.
• Izichazi-magama/ithesarasi • Iitekisi eziviwayo (ukuphulaphulela
ukuqonda: ikliphu edlala ubude bemizuzu emibini kumaBanga 10 nele-11 kunye nekliphu edlala imizuzu emithathu kwiBanga le-12)
• Incwadi yeenombolo zefowuni, izikhokelo namaxesha eenkqubo zeTV
• Imihlathi neetekisi zobugcisa • Iitekisi eziqulethe ulwazi nezalathiso • Iitekisi zokuzixhobisa ngolwazi • Iitekisi eziviwa-zibonwa (iifilim, iinkqubo
namaxesha eenkqubo zeTV needotyhumentari, imiboniso yezilayidi, amacwecwe, iinkqubo zerediyo, iifoto, iividiyo zamacwecwe omculo)
Ibanga 10 150 amagama
Ibanga 11 250 amagama
Ibanga 12 350 amagama
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Ubungakanani bexesha elinikwabelwa iitekisi zomlomo/ze-orali / zeNtetho yomlomo
Iitekisi Ixesha Amabanga 10 - 12
Iincoko, iingxoxo-mpikiswano, iingxoxo zezeforam / zeqela/zephaneli
20 – 30 imizuzu
Incoko yababini 6 – 8 imizuzu Izalathiso nemiyalelo 4 – 5 imizuzu Udliwano-ndlebe 10 –15 imizuzu Ukwazisa isithethi, ilizwi lombulelo 4 – 5 imizuzu Intetho elungisiweyo/ nengalungiswanga, ingxelo, irivyu 4 – 5 imizuzu Ukubalisa ibali 8 – 10 imizuzu Intlanganiso nemigaqo yayo 10 –15 imizuzu
3.2 Ukufunda nokubukela Eli candelo linika umkhomba-ndlela wenkqubo yokufunda nokubukela kunye neendlela ezinokusetyenziswa ukuqonda iitekisi zoncwadi nezingezozoncwadi. Umyalelo wokufunda uya kusekelwa kwizikrweqe ezisetyenziswayo kwinkqubo yokufunda. Lo ntumsebenzi ontlantlu ntathu obonisa indlela efanelekileyo yocazulula nokuqondisisa itekisi. La manqanaba ale nkqubo akayi kusetyenziswa ngalo lonke ixesha kufundwa. Umzekelo, xa abafundi befunda udidi lwetekisi okanye loncwadi olungaqhelekanga kubo okanye abaqala ukudibana nalo kuya kufuneka benze umsebenzi waphambi kokufunda obabonisa iimpawu eziphambili zolu hlobo lwetekisi, loo nto ibancedisa ekunxulumaniseni oko kubhaliweyo kwitekisi namava abo. Imisebenzi engokufunda ixhobisa abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukuhlalutya isakhiwo sayo kunye neempawu zolwimi ngokunzulileyo. Umsebenzi owenziwa emva kokufunda usenokhuthaza abafundi ukuba babhale ngokwabo udidi loncwadi ngetekisi ebhaliweyo abaziyilele ngokwabo. Inkqubo yokufunda 1. Amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokufunda (Phambi kokufunda / amalungiselelo okufunda) aqhelisa
abafundi itekisi. Oku kuvuselela unxulumaniso lolwazi abasele benalo nolo lukwitekisi. • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula nokubalekisa amehlo (ukuskima nokuskena) iimpawu zetekisi, umz: isihloko setekisi,
izahluko, izahlukwana, iinkcukacha zezinto ezibonakalayo nemizobo, umz. ifonti nokudwelisa ngamanani, isalathiso, imizobo, itshathi, ingcaciso yemifanekiso, imibhalo ebhalwe ngqindilili, imibhalo ekekeleyo, izihloko, izihlokwana, nezinye iimpawu ezifumaneka kwetekisi ngokwahlukana, ukudwelisa ngamanani, iimephu, iimenyu ezivela zisehla wakuzicofa ekhompyutheni (pull down menus), ukukhangela ngegama elingundoqo (ekhompyutheni) njalo njalo.
• Ukukrwaqula nokubalekisa amehlo ukhangela iindawo ezithile zencwadi, umz. isihloko, isalathiso, izahluko uluhlu lwamagama, i-indeksi, isihlomelo, iingcaciso eba sekupheleni kwephepha (footnotes)
• Ukuqikelela usebenzisa iinkcukacha ozifumene ngethuba ubalekisa amehlo kwitekisi • Ukujongana naso nasiphi isigama esingundoqo esinokuba sesingaqhelekanga kubafundi
2. Okwenziwayo xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokufunda (Ukufunda) kuquka ukufuna intsingiselo yetekisi nokuqwalasela
iimpawu zayo. • Ukubandakanyeka ekukhangeleni intsingiselo yetekisi • Ukukhangela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso usebenzisa izakhono zokukhangela amagama
ngokomxholo • Ukusebenzisa indlela zokufundela ukuqonda (comprehension strategies): ukujonga ukunxulumana kwetekisi,
ukuhlola ukuba iyaqondwa na, ukukhulisa isantya sokufunda ngokobunzima beetekisi, ukufunda kwakhona apho
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kuyimfuneko, ukufunda okulandelayo kwitekisi ukhangela iinkcukacha ezinokuba luncedo, ukubuza nokuphendula imibuzo (ukusuka kweyona ilula ukuya kwenzinyana), ukuzenzela umfanekiso-ngqondweni, ukuqikelela ngokolwazi lwakho (inferring), ukufundela ukuva izimvo ezingundoqo, ukujonga ukuchongwa kwamagama nezakhiwo zolwimi, ukuxela uhlobo lwetekisi ngokokuma kwayo kwaneempawu zolwimi
• Ukubhala phantsi amanqaku (iinowuthsi) okanye ukushwankathela izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo • Ukuqikelela ngokolwazi lwakho nokucacisa / ukuphonononga indlela azoba ngayo iimeko zakhe umbhali kwakunye
nokubeka izigqibo malunga netekisi • Ukubeka ezakho izigqibo / izimvo malunga netekisi • Ukuphonononga, ukuthelekisa nokuchasanisa, ukucazulula • Ulwazi olungundoqo lolwimi: o Intsingiselo ngqo nebekwe ngokumayana (direct and implied meaning) o Intsingiselo eyiyo necingelwayo (denotation and connotation) o Ulwazi oluthile lwezentlalo nopolitiko kunye nezenkcubeko olumalunga neetekisi kunye nombhali o Ifuthe lokukhethwa nokushiywa kokuthile kwintsingiselo o Unxulumano phakathi kolwimi namagunya o Ulwimi olurhwebeshayo nolusekelwe kwiimvakalelo (emotive and manipulative), olunomkhethe, olubonisa
ukuthanda icala elithile, olunocalu-calulo, olusekelwe kwizimvo ezingeyonyani kodwa ezixhaphakileyo, iilwimi zengingqi, iingqikelelo, iingxoxo, injongo yokufaka okanye ukungafaki ulwazi oluthile
3. Okwenziwayo emva komsebenzi wokufunda (Emva kokufunda) kuxhobisa abafundi bakwazi ukuphengulula
baphendule iitekisi ngokupheleleyo. • Ukuphendula imibuzo emalunga netekisi ukususela kwimibuzo elula ukuya kwenzima • • Ukuthelekisa nokuchasanisa; ukucazulula itekisi • Ukuphonononga, ukwenza isigqibo sakho malunga netekisi nokudandalazisa uluvo lwakho • Ukubhala olo didi loncwadi xa bebhala ezabo iitekisi (apho kufanelekileyo)
Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo
Abafundi abaninzi bafumana ulwazi ngokuphanda kwi-intanethi endaweni yencwadi. Ilitheresi yokubonwayo yinkalo ebalulekileyo yesifundo, yaye ikhompyutha ngumthombo otyebileyo wolwazi. Qwalasela indlela ebaluleke ngayo indlela ekubhalwa ngayo (olumi ngayo ulwazi) kwiiwebhusayithi ezithandwayo; indlela abafaki bezibhengezo abatsaleka umdla ngayo; indlela ukuhamba-hamba nombala ezidlala ngayo indima ephambili ekukulukuhleleni ukuba uye kwezinye iiwebhusayithi. Izakhono zokucenga: ulwimi oluchukumisayo, olucengayo, olutsalela bucala/oluthambekele bucala/oluluqhathayo • Indlela ulwimi nemifanekiso oluveza luthundeze ngayo izithethe neendlela zokucinga, imifanekiso nolwimi
olunocalu-calulo ngokwesini, ngokobuhlanga, ngokobudala okanye oluxhomekeke ekuhlutshezweni ziingcinga ezingeyonyani kodwa esele zibethelelekile ezingqondweni (stereotypes) ngakumbi kwizibhengezo
• Ifuthe lokusetyenziswa kweendidi zeefonti neesayizi, izihloko nengcaciso yemifanekiso. • Ukuhlalutya, ukufumana intsingiselo nokuphendla uluhlu lweekhathuni/ izicwili ezihlekisayo.
Uphuhliswa kwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Ulwazi ngamagama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi lufanele ukwaziswa kubafundi ngendlela asetyenziswe ngayo kwitekisi leyo kubhalo gabalala nakwizibongo, amabali aqanjiweyo namabali ayinyani. Umz. xa usebenzisa izafobe kubalulekile ukuba kuxoxwe ngazo kunokuthetha nje ukuze bacacelwe abafundi ukuba kutheni kusetyenziswe sona kunokusichonga nje (mabawazi umsebenzi waso). Kubalulekile ukubuza imibuzo enje ngale: Kutheni umbhali esebenzise olu hlobo lokuphetha nje? Okanye kutheni ephetha ngolu hlobo, kunokubuza ukuba, Sisafobe sini esi asesebenzisileyo? Buza umsebenzi waso. Ugxininiso malube kwezi zinto zilandelayo: • Ulwimi olunongiweyo nezixhobo zokulunonga: izaci, amaqhalo, izafobe, (isifaniso, isikwekwo, isimntwiso, ioksimoroni,
uchasaniso, izifanadumo, ubabazo, oontsingiselo-ninzi, isigqebelo, impoxo, uburharha, imiqondiso, isihlonipho, ipharadoksi, ukudlala ngamagama, iintetho ezibeka ngamazwi angephi, isinekdokhi, iantithesisi) Nangona kubalulekile
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ukuba zaziwe ezi zafobe, kufuneka abafundi bazifundiswe ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswe ngayo njengoko zisetyenziswe kwiitekisi zenyani, kwiprozi nakwisihobe, kuncwadi oluqanjiweyo noluyinyani.
• Umahluko phakathi kwentsingiselo ecacileyo nefihlakeleyo • Ukusetyenziswa kwezichazi-magama, iithesarasi nezinye iincwadi ukufumana intsingiselo, upelo, iziphumlisi, izakhi
nezitye izigaba zentetho namagama angaqhelekanga. • Ukufumana intsingiselo yezimaphambili nezimamva eziqhelekileyo (umz,isihlalo, abalimi, okanye umlambokazi,
injana) • Ukufumana intsingiselo yamagama azalanayo usebenzisa iingcambu, izimaphambili nezimamva • Ukusetyenziswa kwemeko-bume yomxholo (umz. iingcaciso zezivakalisi ngokokusetyenziswa kwazo), iziphawuli-
ntetho (cues) (iziphumlisi, iimpawu zocaphulo) neziphawuli-ntetho ngokokubhalwa (umz. ukubhalwa ngqindilili) ukufumana intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga.
• Ukwahlula phakathi kwamagama antsingiselo-ninzi (oontsingiselo-ninzi) kwitekisi ezilula malunga nesihloko. • Ukuqhaphela intetho enentsingiselo erheshayo nenosingiselo. • Ukubonakalisa ulwazi malunga namabinzana, izaci namaqhalo. • Ukuqwalasela indlela asetyenziswa ngayo amagama aneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo kwitekisi. • Ukwahlula phakathi kwamagama abhidaniseka lula afana noomabizwafane, omabizwahluke,
izifanokuth/izithethantonyei, izichasi. • Ukubalisa ibali okanye isivakalisi ngokutsha usebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo (izithethantonye okanye izichasi) • Ukusebenzisa igama elinye endaweni yebinzana • Ukusebenzisa izivumelanisi
Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nokulungisa iitekisi Uninzi lwezi zinto zidweliswe apha ngasentla sezifundiwe kwezinye izahluko. Ukufundisa izakhiwo zolwimi kusebenza ngcono kwisifundo esibhalwayo xa abafundi benikwe ithuba lokuzibhalela nokuzisebenzisa babone amandla azo ngokucacileyo kunokuba bazikhethe kwitekisi ebhalwe ngomnye umntu. • Ukuchonga, ukuhlalutya, ukucacisa intsingiselo nomsebenzi wezakhiwo zolwimi nemigaqo kwitekisi:
o Izihlanganisi: Okokuqala; kwelinye icala …; okokuqala; kuba o Izifinyezo nezifinyezo-nobumba (iiakronimi) o Iintlobo zezenzi, amaxesha neemo zezenzi zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo o Izivakalisi ezilula, ezide, ezinzima, ezimbaxa kusetyenziswa amagatya amabinzana nezihlanganisi o Isixando sokwenziwa o Intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho o Ukulandelelana kakuhle kwamagama o Izivumelanisi, inqaku, izikhankanyi, intsiza-senzi o Uphawulo-ntetho, umz. iziphumlisi
• Ukuchonga uhlalutye isakhiwo / ubume beetekisi ezisetyenziswa kwiKharityhulam jikelele na kumagama aguqu-
guqukayo / amagama abonisa okuthile: ulandelelwano, ingcaciso, isenzo nesiphumo, inkqubo elandelwayo, ukuthelekisa/ukuchasanisa, ukulandelelana ngokokubaluleka, isithuba phakathi kwezinto, umhlathi okhethiweyo, umhlathi ohlelwayo, umhlathi ocacisayo, umhlathi ophononongayo, umhlathi ochazayo, iitekisi ezinika izimvo ngemiba ethile, iingxelo, imihlathi yokuvala (jonga phantsi kofundiso nobhalo lwemihlathi)
Iimpawu zetekisi yoncwadi Kulapho ababhali baveza khona izimvo zabo. Ababhali abafanelekileyo abalusingeli phantsi ulwimi olumayana neelwimi zengingqi zesiXhosa. Noxa kubalulekile ukwazi nokusebenzisa iimpawu zoncwadi xa ufunda, kodwa okumandla nokubaluluke kakhulu kukwazi umsebenzi wazo nomyalezo odluliswa ngumbhali kubafundi. Isihobe Mibini imibuzo afanele azibuze yona umfundi xa efunda isihobe: Kuthethwa ngantoni? Ndazi kanjani? Umbuzo wesibini wongeza kulo wokuqala, owokuqala ukuxhobisa ngokuza kuvezwa ngowesibini. Bonke ababhali boncwadi babhala kuba benento yokuthetha - into enomtsalane nebalulekileyo kwelo qela labantu balibhalelayo. Sifunda itekisi ukuxhasa, ukucacisa, ukutyhila oko umbhali akuthethayo kuthi. Lo msebenzi uquka ukujonga ukusetyenziswa kolwimi, ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi,
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iivesi nemibongo ngokubanzi, ukukhethwa kwemifanekiso, isingqisho, isandi; seemvakalelo ezivuselelwa yiloo mifanekiso-ngqondweni. Konke oku ziinzame zokufikelela kwisigqibo esibalulekileyo esibonisa ukuba imbongi ifuna ukuthini. Kunqabile ukuba kubekho isigqibo ekufundweni lombongo osemgangathweni. Ezi zinto zidweliswe apha ngezantsi ziza kukwenza uwazi umyalezo: • Intsingiselo ecacileyo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Imo • Umongo nemfundiso • Umfanekiso ngqondweni • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sesihobe: izafobe, imifanekiso-ntelekelelo, uchongo lwamagama, uhlalutyo, ithowuni, imibuzo-
buciko, iimvakalelo. • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sesihobe: imiqolo, isigama, izitanza, isingqisho, iimpawu zokubhala, uphindaphindo,
imfanozandi. IDrama Idrama ayingomagama nolwimi nje kuphela: yintshukumo, ilizwi, ukukhanya nobumnyama, intsebenziswano, ukwenziwa komdlalo eqongeni. Indlela oqhubeka ngayo umdlalo ibalulekile, indlela abadlali abadlala ngayo, benza ntoni? Abathethi nini? inkangeleko yobuso iyitshintsha njani intsingiselo yomqolo? – konke oku kuyalahleka xa umdlalo uwufunda njengenoveli. Noxa kunjalo akulunganga ukubonisa ividiyo yomdlalo ungekayifundisi/abafundi bengakayifundi ngokupheleleyo, bayixoxe ze bayidlale eklasini. Ngaphandle koko ividiyo ingawona umdlalo, kuncinci okuthi kumoshe indlela eqondwa ngayo intsingiselo. Ukubona kudlala indima eenkulu ekufundweni komdlalo. Ukuba nombono wokuba abadlali banjani, imiqolo mingaphi, isithethi sithetha into eyiyo na, zezona zinto zidlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni ngedrama eklasini. Isakhiwo nezakhiwana, iindima yabalinganiswa, ukubunjwa kwabo, isimo sentlalo nengabula–zigcawu (kuphela apho iya kuba yimfuneko ukuze uqondwe umdlalo), isantya, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso, isigqebelo, izalathiso zaseqongeni, isihlekiso, intlekele okanye impoxo, zonke izithako zohlalutyo zibalulekile ukuba zifundwe xa kuhlalutywa idrama. Oku kulandelayo kukhulisa ulwazi lwabafundi malunga netekisi:
• Isakhiwo nesakhiwana, intshayelelo, ukukhula kwempixano, uvuthondaba, uyondelelowano lwezinto /
ukusombuluka kwezinto nesiphelo, uphuphelo (foreshadowing) nokukhumbuza ngesiganeko ebesikhe sadlula (flashback)
• Ukuzotywa kwabalinganiswa • Indima yombalisi/unobalisa/uluvo lwakhe • Umongo nemfundiso • Imvelaphi nesimo sentlalo – ngokunxulumene nomlinganiswa nomxholo • Isakhiwo sedrama: Isakhiwo, isakhiwana (Intshayelelo / ingabula-zigcawu, ukukhula kwempixano, uvuthondaba) • Imo nethowuni / imvakalozwi • Isigqebelo / isiphelo esisisothuso (ironic twist/ending) • Izalathiso zaseqongeni • Unxulumano phakathi kwencoko yababini / incoko yoyedwa kunye nesiganeko
• Isigqebelo sedrama (dramatic irony) • Ixesha.
INoveli / / Uncwadi lwemveli: Iintsomi, amabali angamaqhawe, iimbali /Amabali amafutshane (afundiselwa ukwandisa ulwazi hayi ukuhlolwa) IiNoveli nezinye iintlobo zobubalisa amabali zifuna ukufundwa, ukuxoxwa nokonwatyelwa. Ukufunda itekisi ngokukhwaza eklasini kunexabiso elikhulu ngakumbi xa abafundi bengakuthandi okanye besonqena ukufunda. Funda ngokukhawuleza ugcine umdla ngokulinganisa okanye ngokuthelekelela, ukujongisisa nokuxabisa. Imisebenzi elula efana nesishwankathelo esiqikelelwayo (ukushwankathela ibali ngokwale ndawo sele ifundiwe, ushwankathelela umhlobo ngamagama alinani eithile;
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ukugcina umzobo obonwayo apho eklasini; ukuvula ifayile yabalinganiswa abaphambili) ibenza abafundi baliqonde ngokukhawuleza ibali. Emva kokuyifunda okokuqala incwadi, abafundi kufuneka bazi umahluko phakathi kokubalisa (kwenzekani emva koku?) nesakhiwo (kutheni kwenzeke oku?); ukuze bacinge ngeentsingiselo ezilindelekileyo nokuhlalutywa kwebali; bajonge indlela umbhali alusebenzise ngayo ulwimi ukuzoba abalinganiswa (ingcaciso nentetho-ngqo): indima yabalinganiswa, isimo sentlalo, ukujonga imbono esekwe phezu kwayo inoveli umz. ngokwezenkolo, ezopolitiko, ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho. Oku kubalulekile xa kufundiswa inoveli, okanye ibali; abafundi mabalonwabele ukuze lihlale lihleli ezingqondweni zabo. Oku kulandelayo kukhulisa ulwazi lwabafundi malunga ngetekisi:
• Isakhiwo nesakhiwana (intshayelelo, ukukhula kwempixano, uvuthondaba, nesiphelo, uphuphelelo, ukubonisa into
eyenzeka ngaphambili komboniso-bhanyabhanya (flashback) • Impixano • Ukuzotywa kwabalinganiswa • Indima yombalisi / kanobalisa • Ukucacisa nokuhlalutya imiyalezo nemixholo • Imvelaphi nesimo sentlalo ngokunxulumene nomlinganiswa nomxholo • Ukuqaphela umxholo / umongo nemfundiso • Ukuhlalutya, imo, isigqibelo/isiphelo
Ukongeza kwezi zinto uzinikwe apha ngentla, ezi zinto zilandelayo zikwangena ngokukodwa kuncwadi lwemveli
• Isihobe (izibongo zomthonyama, iindidi zeengoma, iziduko) • Nezinye (ezifana namaqhalo, izaci namaqhina)
Ufundo lwefilim (abafundi bayifundisela ukwandisa ulwazi hayi ukuhlolwa) Ufundo lwefilim aluyonto inye nokufunda incwadi. Naxa ukufundwa kwayo kunokuthatha indlela enye nokufundwa kweDrama okanye iNoveli, ubuchule bomatshini wokubonisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya (cinematographic techniques) ezidweliswe apha ngaphantsi zifuna uqwalaselo olulodwa. Ukufunda iFilim ngovakalelo nangokuchanekileyo kuxhomekeke ekubeni lowo uyiphononongayo uqaphele kangakanani na xa esebenzisa zonke izakhono zefilim (ezifana nezi ukuhlela, ukufota (cutting, camera shots), indibaniso yeminye imifanekiso ukwenza umfanekiso omtsha (montage), umboniso (mis-en-scene) umculo, isinxibo, ukukhanya kunye nesandi). Ukukwazi ukufunda ifilim kwesi isigaba kukhulisa lowo uyibukelayo: kumthatha lowo kumbeke kumgangatho ongasentla ofana nokwazi imisebenzi ethile yabo bathatha inxaxheba abafana nabaphathi (director), umhleli nabanye.
• Incoko yababini kunye nesenzo nonxulumano kubalinganiswa nomxholo, ukufunda nokubhala icwecwe lefilim • Isakhiwo, isakhiwana, inxaxheba yabalinganiswa/abadlali, ungquzulwana, injongo yomdlalo, isakhiwana somdlalo
kuquka isigqebelo, isothuso nesiphelo; imimangaliso nomothuko ukuba zenzeka njani. • Ubuchule bomatshini wokubonisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya (cinematographic techniques) (ezibonwayo,
eziviwayo neziviwa-zibonwa) ezifana nokusetyenziswa kombala, izihlokwana, ukwakha, incoko yababini, umculo, isandi, ukukhanya, ukuhlela, ukubeka ngokweefreyim, indlela yokufota, ubuchule bekhamera, ukuhambisa ikhamera, indawo ekufuphi kumbukeli kunye nendawo engasemva kumbukeli.
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IITEKISI EZISETYENZISWAYO EKUFUNDISENI IZAKHONO EZIDITYANISIWEYO ZOLWIMI KUMABANGA 10 -12 Ukongeza kwiitekisi zoncwadi zokufunda okusesikweni, iindidi zoncwadi eziya kufundwa ukususela kwibanga 10 – 12 ziquka iitekisi ezibhaliweyo, ezibonwayo nezemalthimidiya ezineenjongo ngeenjongo. Ezinye iitekisi ziya kufundelwa umgangatho wokonwabeleka kwazo; ezinye iitekisi zifundwe njengemizekelo yeendidi zoncwadi nangezibonelo zokubhala. Iitekisi zoncwadi zokufunda okusesikweni. Uluhlu ekufuneka lufundwe kwibanga le-10 - 12. Iindidi zoncwadi ezinokusetyenziswa EZIMBINI kwezi ndidi zoncwadi zinokusetyenziswa njengoko zikwiKhathalokhi yoNcwadi kaZwelonke: iNoveli Idrama Isihobe IBanga 10 – imibongo eli-10 IBbanga11 – imibongo eli-10 IBanga 12 – imibongo eli-12 Ukutyebisa ulwazi (Enrichment) Amabali amafutshane Izifundo zeefilim Uchunge-chunge lomdlalo weTV/ idotyhumentari ekhethiweyo Amabali erediyo Izincoko Iibhayografi (imbali ngobomi bomntu) Iiothobhayografi (bali ngobomi bakho olibhale ngokwakho) Iintsomi IiMbali namabali nawobuqhawe (Myths and legends) Oqashi-qashi / ooRayirayi(Riddles) Iitekisi ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, itekisi zemalthimidiya Iifilim, umabonakude, idrama zikanomathotholo, inqaku lemagazini,iphephandaba, iikhathuni, izibhengezo.
Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo zolwazi (zereferensi) Izichazi-magama Iiensayiklophidiya Iishedyuli Iincwadi zeenkcukacha zefowuni Iincwadi zegrama ezimiselweyo (textbooks) Iithesarasi Iithayimtheyibhile Izikhokelo zeTV Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo kumajelo eendaba Amanqaku eemagazini Amanqaku amaphephandaba Ilizwi lomhleli Izaziso Iiobhitshwari Uphononongo (lwamajelo eendaba) Iintengiso Iintlobo ezibhaliweyo zeetekisi eziviwayo Intetho yababini Intetho yasidlangalaleni Iingoma Iziqhulo (jokes) Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo zonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu nezokudluliswa kwemiyalezo Iileta Iidayari Izimemo Ii-imeyile Ii-sms, twitter Iinowuthsi Iingxelo Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo zonxibelelwano kushishino Iileta ezisesikweni Imizuzu neajenda Umculo Amaculo Iintetho Ukubalisa amabali
Iitekisi zemaltimidiya / ezibonwayo zolwazi Iitshati, iimephu Iigrafu, iitheyibhile, iiphayi-tshathi, Izazobe zokucinga (mindmaps), Imizobo Iipowusta, Iiflaya, iiphamflethi, iibrowutsha Izinto ezixhonywayo (signs) neesimboli Iidotyhumentari zeTV Iiwebhupheyiji, iisayithi zeintanethi, iiblogu iiFacebook nezinye iinethiwekhi zokudibana kwabantu Ukuboniswa kolwazi ngomatshini iiTransparensi Iitekisi zemaltimidiya / ezibonwayo zenjongo yokonwabela ukubukela Iifilim Iifoto Imizobo Itekisi zemaltimidiya / ezibonwayo ezibukelelwa ukuzonwabisa Iifilim Iinkqubo zeTV Iividiyo zomculo Iikhathuni, abalinganiswa beekhathuni Izicwili zeekhathuni (comic strips) Iziqhulo (ezinemizobo) Igrafiti (imizobo ekroliweyo) Iitekisi eziviwayo Iinkqubo zereyidiyo Ukufundwa kweedrama Ukufundwa kweenoveli okanye amabali amafutshane Iintetho ezishicilelweyo (recorded speeches) Iintengiso kwireyidiyo, iTV, amaphephandaba neemagazini
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Ubude beetekisi ezibhalwayo ezinokusetyenziswa/ezinokufundwa Inani lamagama Isicatshulwa IBanga 10
380-440 amagama
IBanga11
440-500 amagama
IBanga12
500-560 amagama
Ubude besishwankathelo
Ubude besishwankathelo
Ushwankathelo
IBanga 10
70 – 80 amagama 220 amagama 60 – 70 amagama
IBanga11
80 – 90 amagama 250 amagama 70 –80 amagama
IBanga12
80 - 90 amagama 270 amagama 70 - 80 amagama
3.3 UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA: INKQUBO YENDLELA YOKUBHALA, UMXHOLO, IINDLELA ZOKUCWANGCISA NOKUBHALWAYO Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa / amalungiselelo okubhala • Ukudrafta • Ukuhlaziya • Ukuhlela • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ukunikezela
Xa ebhala umfundi makenze oku kulandelayo: Ukucwangcisa / amalungiselelo okubhala
• Umfundi makagqale injongo yakubhalelayo nabantu abhalela bona. • Makaqaphele imo, indlela yokubhalwa koko kubhaliweyo noluvo loko abhala ngako. • Xoxa ngezimvo usebenzisa, umzekelo, isazobe sokucinga (mind map), iiflowu-tshathi. • Phanda ngoko uza kubhala ngako usebenzisa imithombo yolwazi.
Ukudrafta
• Sebenzisa izimvo ezingundoqo nezixhasayo ngokukuko xa ucwangcisa. • Yenza idrafti yokuqala uthathele ingqalelo injongo, abafundi bayo, isihloko nenohlobo loncwadi; • Funda iidrafti ngokuvakalayo ukufumana uluvo lwabanye (oogxa bakho); • Chonga isigama esisiso nesichanekileyo. • Ulwimi olusebenzisayo nethoni yalo mayihambelana ncakasana nabafundi obabhalelayo nenjongo yayo. • Vakalisa uluvo lwakho gqibi, izithethe, iinkolelo namava akho. • Bhala iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zetekisi leyo (sebenzisa ucaphulo ukuxhasa izimvo zakho).
Ukuhlaziya, ukuhlela, ukulungisa iziphene nokunikezela ngokubhaliweyo
• Sebenzisa imilinganiselo emiselweyo ukuphendla umsebenzi wakho nowabanye usenzela ukuwuphucula. • Phucula uchongo lwesigama, isakhiwo sesivakalisi nemihlathi. • Nciphisa ubumbaxa, ukusebenzisa uphindaphindo, ulwimi olungasulungekanga nolungamkelekanga. • Phonononga umxholo, isimbo sokubhala nerejista. • Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala uze upele ngokuchanekileyo.
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• Bhala idrafti yokugqibela. • Ngenisa itekisi oyibhalileyo.
Izakhiwo zolwimi nemigaqo esetyenziswayo xa kwinkqubo yokubhala Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Sebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezenzi, izichazi nezihlomelo ukunika ingcaciso neenkcukacha ezivakalayo xa ubhala izincoko ezichazayo nezibalisayo.
• Sebenzisa ulwimi olusesikweni nolungekho sikweni ngokufanelekileyo. • Nika iinkcukacha ezizizo uze uvakalise nezimvo zakho. • Vakalisa intsingiselo ecace gca nefihlakeleyo ngokomxholo. • Sebenzisa ulwimi oluvakalayo, oluchubekileyo nolululo. • Sebenzisa imithombo yolwazi emininzi njengezichazi-magama neethesarasi ukuchonga isigama esisiso
nesivakalayo. Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Bhala iindidi zezivakalisi ezahlukene ngokobude. • Sebenzisa izigaba zentetho ngokukuko. • Sebenzisa intloko, isenzi, injongosenzi, iindidi zamaxesha, iimo zezenzi, izilanduli, intetho-ngqo njalo njalo. • Sebenzisa imibuzo. • Sebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezivakalisi umz, isivakalisi esixelayo, umbuzo, izivakalisi ezilula, ezinzima
nezidityaniswe ngezihlanganisi. • Sebenzisa izibandakanyi, izimelabizo, izihlomelo ukudibanisa izivakalisi zakho ngokukuko. • Sebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezibizo ukugxininisa. • Cwangcisa uze ulandelelanise amagama kwizivakalisi ngokukuko. • Sebenzisa izivumelanisi ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Bhala ngokwamalungu ohlukeneyo omhlathi: isihloko somhlathi, iingongoma ezingundoqo nezixhasayo, intshayelelo eyiyo, isiqu nesiphelo nesivakalisi sokuvala.
• Ukuqinisekisa ngokundindana komhlathi, bBhala imihlathi eyahlukeneyo neetekisi usebenzisa amagama namabinzana: o Ukulandelelana kweziganeko: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu, phambi, emva, nini, de,
okulandelayo, emva koko, kutshanje. o Ingcaciso / unobangela nefuthe: ngoko ke, ngenxa yesi sizathu, emva koko, ukusukela, ngenxa,
kungenxa, kulandela, ukuba kuthe … kuya kuthi…. o Umgaqo olandelwayo: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu. o Ukuthelekisa / ukuchasanisa: iyafana, yahlukile, incinci kunye, inkulu kunye, nangona, kodwa o Ngokokubaluleka: rhoqo, ekugqibeleni. o Ucwangciswa ngokobume bendawo: ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi, ngasekhohlo, ngasekunene, njalo njalo. o Ukubhala ngokuthe gabalala: ngeliphandle, elokugqiba; kunye o Nomhlathi wokuvala: ushwankathelo lokubhaliweyo. Umhlathi wokuvala kufuneka uxhwile umdla
womfundi ngembono ethile okanye ingcinga ethile eza kuhlala kuye ixesha elide nokuba sele egqibile ukufunda isincoko. Akufane kwenzeke oko kushwankathelo kwaye kulula ukuba lulibaleke.
Irejista esetyenziswayo, isimbo sokubhala nelizwi lombhali
• Sebenzisa irejista echanekileyo: esisesikweni, esingekho sikweni, umz. ukusebenzisa isimbo sencoko / esingekho sikweni nomntu wokuqala kwileta yobuhlobo, ulwimi olusesikweni kwileta yaseburhulumenteni.
• Thetha ngqo nomfundi ngendlela eyodwa nefanelekileyo. • Bhala ngokukholelekayo nangokuzithemba; musa ukuxolisa ngoluvo lwakho oluthile. • Sebenzisa izimvo / iimbono ezahlukeneyo xa kukho imfuneko.
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Imigaqo yolwimi (upelo neempawu zokubhala): • Sebenzisa oonobumba abakhulu, iikoma, iimpawu zocaphulo, iikholoni, ukrwelelo lwamagama, ubhalo
ngokukekelo, iqhagamshela, njalo njalo. • Pela amagama ngokukuko nangokuchanekileyo:
o Ulwazi ngokuma kwamagama nemvelaphi yawo. o Ulwazi ngeengcambu, izimaphambili nezimamva. o Ulwazi ngezandi zamagama.
• Sebenzisa izichazi-magama nezixhobo zokungqinisisa upelo. • Sebenzisa iimo zofinyezo noshuqulelo loonobumba ngokufanelekileyo.
Iimpawu zeetekisi / iintlobo zeencwadi: ukuma kwazo neempawu zolwimi Eli candela licacisa uluhlu lweentlobo zeetekisi / iindidi zoncwadi ekufuneka abafundi bazifundiswe kwiBanga 10 – 12. Isincoko esibalisayo Isincoko esibalisayo luthotho lweziganeko ezicwangciswe ngokuvakalayo. Nazi iimpawu zesincoko esibalisayo:
• Bhala ngebali / ngesiganeko esenzekileyo / isiganeko esiqwetyiweyo. • Bhala ibali elidlwengula umxhelo nelikholelekayo. • Kumaxesha amaninzi kusetyenziswa ixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa ababhali abaninzi basebenzisa ixesha langoku
ukutsala umdla nokungqala kwebali. • Umhlathi wokuqala oyintshayelelo mawubhalwe ngokudlwengula umxhelo. • Qinisekisa ukuba isiphelo sesanelisayo okanye asibhidaniswa yaye singaqikeleleki. • Sebenzisa intetho-ngqo xa ufuna umlinganiswa abe ngathi ngophilayo kumfundi, ingxelo-ntetho ayikukhuthazi
oko. • Igama ngalinye olisebenzisayo lisebenzise ngenjongo ukwenzela ukuba isincoko sakho siyondelelane. Kulinge
oku ngokubhala ibali elifutshane elinamagama angamashumi amahlanu.
Isincoko esichazayo Ukuchaza into ngokuvakalayo ngundoqo. Oku kufuna ukuba usebenzise ulwimi olulula noluvakalayo. Musa ukubakhuthaza abafundi ukuba basebenzise izichazi ngokubaxekileyo xa bebhala olu didi lwesincoko. Baqhelanise abafundi nokubhala isincoko esichazayo ngokubafundisa izicatshulwa ezichazayo ezibhalwe ngababhali besiXhosa abaphume izandla: Uninzi lwabo aluxhomekekanga ekusebenziseni izichazi ukwenza oku kungempumelelo. Qhelanisa abafundi bakho ngokubhala olu didi lwesincoko besusela kwizicatshulwa ezo bazinikiweyo. Kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokuvokothekileyo: Ukuchaza izinto ezilula ngokucacileyo, umzekelo, inkomo, indlu. Okanye ukuchaza abantu abasemifanekisweni okanye kwiifoto ezikhoyo. Inkcazelo isetyenziswa kakhulu ukudala isimo esithile sentlalo nobume: iifilim ziya kwenza oku, ababhali bakwenza oku ngamagama, kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuchongo lwesigama ngokukuko nangokuchanekileyo.
Nazi ezinye iingcebiso malunga nokubhalwa kwesincoko esichazayo:
• Chaza umntu / into ukwenzela ukutsala umdla nokudlwengula umxhelo womfundi ngesihloko. • Sebenzisa amagama ukudala umfanekiso. • Chonga amagama ngobunono ukufezekisa isiphumo sokubhalayo. • Sebenzisa imifanekiso yokubonwayo, okuvakalayo, okungcamlwayo nokuphathwayo. • Sebenzisa izigaba zentetho ngokukuko.
Izincoko ezixoxayo, ezivelela amacala omabini nezicamngcayo Isincoko esixoxayo singamacala amabini aphikisanayo (‘kutheni ndikholelwa ukuba oomama banamandla ngaphezu kootata’); esivelela amacala amabini sona sixoxa ngamacala omabini akhabanayo ngokulinganayo kodwa umbhali uye aludandalazise olwakhe uluvo ekugqibeleni. Isincoko esicamngcayo sisekelwe kuthotho lweengcingane neembono anazo umbhali malunga nesihloko esithile (umama wale mihla), akukho cala lixoxelwayo kula macala mabini.
• Isincoko esixoxayo sidla ngokutyekela kwicala elinye; kubakho ukuxhaswa okanye ukuchaswa koluvo
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oluthile olukhabana nolinye kwaye uluvo ngalunye luxoxelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali uphetha ethathe icala elithile apho adandalazisa khona icala awela ngakulo nesizathu sokuba enze oko.
• Isincoko esimacala mabini sithanda ukulungelelaniswa kwaye kuvelelwa zonke iinkalo xa kuxoxwa ngomba othile; isakhiwo saso sicwangciswa ngobunono sicaciswe; injongo yoko kukuba umbhali angathathi cala lithile nangona enokuvakalisa olwakhe uluvo; kunokusetyenziswa ulwimi oluchukumisayo, iingxoxo ezinkqenkqeza phambili apha zezo zixoxelwe ngokuvokothekileyo nangokuvakalayo. Isiphelo esisulungekileyo simshiya umfundi engenantandabuzo ngoluvo lombhali.
• Isincoko esicamngcayo simalunga nezimvo, iimbono, iingcinga neemvakalelo zombhali malunga nesihloko esithile, idla ngokuba sisihloko avakalelwayo ngaso. Umbhali uvakalisa uluvo lwakhe. Kufuneka sibe nesakhiwo esibunjwe ngobunono nangona kungekho mfuneko yokuba isiphelo sibe sesicacisiweyo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba incoko yababini ilungelelaniswe nangona inokuba yelungelelanisiweyo. Singasesinika umdla okanye esinobunzinginzingi.
Isincoko soncwadi Kwisincoko soncwadi umfundi uphendula itekisi ephuma kuncwadi olumiselweyo ekwenza oko ngendlela ebonisa ukufumana intsingiselo, ehlalutyayo, ephononongayo, ecamngcayo ngamanye amaxesha avakalise olwakhe uluvo. Iingxoxo ezenziwayo nezixhaswayo zisekwe kwitekisi yoncwadi; ulwimi lwetekisi yoncwadi nalo luyajongwa luze luboniswe ngendlela ebonisa intsulungeko yolwimi okanye iimpawu zoncwadi. Isimbo sokubhala sisesikweni nangona sicalanye. Kwizincoko ezithile, umfundi uyakwazi ukuvakalisa nolwakhe uluvo ngakumbi xa ebuziwe malunga noko. Ileta yaseburhulumenteni / esesikweni Nakule mihla yeteknoloji, ukubhala ileta iseyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo efuna ubani anamathele kwindlela eyiyo yokuyibhala. Abafundi kulindeleke ukuba babhale iileta ezichanekileyo ezisesikweni, xa kusenzeka bazithumele balindele impendulo. Iileta ezisesikweni ezibhalwa nje kungekho meko zibhalwa phantsi kwayo ziyakruqula. Iileta ezicela ulwazi oluthile malunga neemveliso, iiyunivesithi, ezohambo, ezemisebenzi, xa zithe zathunyelwa ngokuchanekileyo zinokuphendulwa. Oko kungenza ukuba ixabiso leleta esesikweni liqapheleke. Kwangaxeshanye oko kungenziwa nakwiileta eziya kumhleli, ngakumbi xa imiba ekuthethwa ngayo isematheni. Naxa inokuprintwa, ifuthe loko eklasini lingalikhulu kakhulu. Umxholo ubaluleke kakhulu kwezi mbalo zingasentla.
• Baqhelanise abafundi nokubhala iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeleta ezisesikweni, umzekelo, ileta yokucela
umsebenzi, ileta eya kumhleli wephephandaba, ileta yesikhalazo, njalo njalo. • Mabanamathele kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeeleta ezisesikweni njengesimbo sokubhala nesakhiwo. • Mababhale ngolwimi oluvakalayo nolusulungekileyo. • Kufuneka bakhumbule ngabantu abababhalelayo ukuncedisana nokuba oko babhale ngako kuqondwe msinya. • Indlela ababhala ngayo mayivakale, iyondelelane, icaciswe, ibe semxholweni. • Mabasebenzise ulwimi olwamkelekileyo nolusulungekileyo. • Isiphelo esichanekileyo silandelwa yifani noonobumba-magama bombhali.
Ileta yobuhlobo / engekho sikweni Nangona kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokubhala, umz i-imeyile, ifeksi ne-sms, abafundi mabafundiswe ngokubhala ileta yobuhlobo. Kungafundiswa ngeeleta eziqhelekileyo eziya kumalungu osapho nabahlobo nezo ziya kumhleli. Iingcebiso malunga nokubhalwa kweleta yobuhlobo okanye engekho sikweni:
• Mabasebenzise ulwimi olungekho sikweni ukuya kolusesikweni. • Mababhale ngolwimi oluvakalayo, olusulungekileyo nolutsala umdla. • Mabacwangcise ngokukuko baxoxe ngokukuko. • Ileta mayiqulathe intshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo. • Mayiqulathe idilesi enye, umbhali, umhla ebhalwe ngawo ngasezantsi kwayo. • Mayibandakanye isibuliso esichanekileyo esilandela idilesi yombhali. • Akukho mgaqo uthile ulandelwayo ncam malunga nesiphelo kodwa silandelwa ligama lokuqala lombhali.
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I-ajenda yentlanganiso Imemorandam, i-ajenda nemizuzu mazibhalwe ngokuvakalayo. Eyona ndlela iphucukileyo yokufundisa abafundi ngoku kungasentla kukuba babukele ividiyo yakho okanye bazimase intlanganiso yokwenyani bathathe imizuzu, benze i-ajenda yayo bandule bathelekise i-ajenda yabo nemizuzu yabo abayenzileyo neyentlanganiso leyo yokwenyani. Xa kungenzeki oku, abafundi mabakufundiswe oku kusetyenziswa ingqikelelo yabo. Bhala i-ajenda yentlanganiso yengqikelelo ngokwakho, wandule uyalele abafundi ukuba babhale imizuzu eqikelelweyo yale ntlanganiso benamathele kwi-ajenda yakho. Ukhumbule ukuba oku kwahluke kakhulu ekubhalweni kwemizuzu yentlanganiso yokwenyani.
• Xela okuza kuxoxwa entlanganisweni. • Kuthumele oko kubantu abamenyiweyo ukuba bazimase intlanganiso. • Cwangcisa imiba ekuza kuxoxwa ngayo ngokokubaluleka kwayo. • Umba ngamnye wabele ixesha.
Imizuzu
• Bhala okwenzeke entlanganisweni. • Bhala oku kulandelayo:
o Igama lequmrhu o Umhla, indawo nexesha lentlanganiso; o Irejista yabakhoyo.
• Caphula uze ubhale izindululo ezithathiweyo ngobunjalo bazo. • Nika isishwankathelo sezindululo ezenziweyo nekugqitywe kuko. • Sebenzisa ixesha elidlulileyo.
Intetho, incoko yababini, udliwano-ndlebe Ezi ndlela zokubhala zinxibelelene kakhulu nokuthetha, ngoko ke akufanelekanga ukuba zibhalwe nje kuze kuphelele apho. Intetho (speech) • Sazi isimbo sokuthetha oza kusisebenzisa, ixesha, indawo, isizathu (injongo), abaphulaphuli noko oza kuthetha
ngako. • Qala ngendlela echanekileyo • Indlela oqala ngayo intetho mayitsale umdla • Waphuhlise amanqaku akho kakuhle ungatsho ngentetho ekruqulayo • Sebenzisa izivakalisi ezifutshane ezikhatshwa ziingcingane ezilula, usebenzisa imizekelo eqhelekileyo • Lungelelanisa izigxeko zakho nezincomo onazo • Isiphelo sibalulekile kwaye ukhumbule ukuba ayisosishwankathelo sokubhaliweyo
Incoko yababini (dialogue) • Yincoko ephakathi kwabantu ababini nangaphezulu. • Bhala le ncoko njengoko isenzeka, amazwi ezithethi uwabhala njengoko enjalo. • Ukwahlula phakathi kwentetho yesithethi neyesinye, shiya umgca. • Cebisa abalinganiswa (okanye abafundi) ngendlela yokuthetha okanye yokwenza ngokufakela umyalelo lowo
kwizibiyeli phambi kokuba amagama athethwe. • Banike umkhomba-ndlela wokuza kuthethwa ngako phambi kokuba ubabhalise. • Incoko yababini inokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokubhala. Incoko yababini akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe phakathi
kwabantu kuphela. Udliwano-ndlebe (Interview) • Buza umbuzwa imibuzo. • Nika amagama esithethi kwicala elisekhohlo ephepheni. • Ukwahlula phakathi intetho yesithethi neyesinye, shiya umgca.
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• Udliwano-ndlebe lubhalwa phantsi, ngoko ke kufanele kwenzeke oku kulandelayo: Usinga-dliwano-ndlebe angabaliswa njengebali. Xa abafundi bebhala udliwano-ndlebe, bafunda ngokukhawuleza ngomahluko phakathi kolwimi oluthethwayo nolubhalwayo, ngabo kwakhona abaza kuqaphela ukuba udliwano-ndlebe olubhaliweyo luquka ukuhlela ngobunono. Kubaluleke ngaloo nto ukuba abafundi babhale udliwano-ndlebe.
Ingxelo (Report) Iingxelo ngamaxwebhu (ziidotyhumenti) asesikweni kwaye oko kuqulethwe kuzo kufanele kube yinyaniso kubafundi. Iyabakruqula kakhulu abafundi into yokubhalwa koosinga-ngxelo okanye iingxelo ezingesihloko abangenamdla kuso.
• Nika iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo ngesiganeko. • Bhala isihloko, intshayelelo nesiqu, isiphelo, izindululo, izalathisi, izihlomelo • Cwangcisa, qokelela uze ucwangcise ingcombolo yolwazi; bhala iingongoma. • Sebenzisa ulwimi olungekho sikweni ukuya kolusesikweni. • Sebenzisa:
o Ixesha langoku (ngaphandle kokuba yincoko yababini emalunga nezinto ezadlulayo). o Izibizo gabalala. o Umntu wesithathu. o Ingcaciso egqibeleleyo. o Amagama namabinzana abhekise kwimeko ethile (enjengobugcisa). o Ulwimi olusesikweni.
Irivyu (Review) Iirivyu ayilandeli ndlela ithile yokubhalwa. Akukho mfuneko yokuba kuchatshazelwe imiba ethile encwadini, kwifilim okanye i-CD leyo kwenziwa irivyu yayo. Abantu abenza irivyu bajolisa kuloo nto benza irivyu yayo nakulowo ubandakanyekayo kuyo, bakugqiba bafakele nantoni na abayithandayo. Irivyu eyiyo yengathathi cala nengadleleleli bani, kodwa irivyu engeyiyo kuba lapho umntu adandalazisa nje uluvo lwakhe ngokuthile. Ezinye iirivyu ziba nezihlekiso: Abanye ababhali bazo lolona phawu balusebenzisayo olo lwesihlekiso kwiirivyu zabo. Yenza iirivyu eziphuma kwimithombo yolwazi eyahlukeneyo ukubonisa abafundi indlela eyahluke ngayo le ndlela yokubhala.
• Veza imbono yakho buqu ngomsebenzi wobugcisa, ifilim, incwadi, umsebenzi othile, njalo njalo. • Dandalazisa indlela oyibona ngayo loo nto iphambi kwakho. • Iirivyu zithabatha icala elithile. Bangababini abantu abenza irivyu ngomsebenzi omnye kodwa bavakalise izimvo
ezahlukeneyo ngomsebenzi lowo. • Nika iingongoma eziphambili nezichanekileyo, umzekelo, igama lombhali / umvelisi / igcisa, isihloko sencwadi /
somsebenzi, igama lompapashi / lenkampani yokuvelisa, kunye nexabiso (xa likhona).
Inqaku lephephandaba (Newspaper article) • Chaza ngokufutshane umba obhala ngawo kodwa ucace gca. • Gqithisa umyalezo wakho uvakale kulowo umbhalelayo. • Shwankathela ngokucacileyo ungayigqwethi into eyinyaniso. • Nika isihloko esicacileyo nesivakalayo uze wongeze nesihlokwana esicacileyo. • Qala ngokona kubaluleke kakhulu: umzekelo, ngubani, yintoni, nini, phi, kutheni kangakanani.
Inqaku lemagazini (magazine article) Kwinqaku lemagazini kufanele umbhali adandalazise izinto azithandayo nangazithandiyo yena buqu, oku kufanele kukhuthazwe kubafundi esikolweni. Kufuneka babhale amanqaku emagazini anomhluzi navakalayo ngayo nantoni na edla umzi, kananjalo banokubhala amanqaku emagazini ahlekisayo nangaso nasiphi na isihloko abasikhethileyo. Uninzi lwamanqaku eemagazini ezifundwa ngabafundi zilolu hlobo luchazwe ngasentla. Amanqaku eemagazini amaninzi afumaneka kwi-intanethi nangona ebhalwe ngesiNgesi, kodwa aqulethe okuninzi yaye ungawasebenzisa ukuzixhobisa. Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngabafundi, bangabhala iiblogu zabo beqwalasela ukuba babhalela bani, okuqulethwe yiblogu nemvakalozwi yayo. Ungasebenzisa oku kulandelayo:
o Isihloko masitsale umdla sibe sesidlwengula umxhelo.
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o Indlela yokubhala mayibe yevela kuwe, uthethe ngqo nomfundi. • Isimbo sokubhala singaba sesichazayo nesikhatshwa zizafobe, ukutsala umdla wabafundi. • Amagama, iindawo, amaxesha, ubume bendawo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezifunekayo mazifakwe
kwinqaku elo. • Inqaku malitsale umdla lidlwengule nomxhelo womfundi. • Njengakwiiriyvu, akukho fomathi imiselweyo yokubhalwa kwenqaku lemagazini.
Isivi (CV) Kule mihla kusetyenziswa iithempleythi xa kubhalwa isivi, uyakhuthazwa ukuba uzikhangele kwaye uzisebenzise ezo zingaluncedo kuwe.
• Zazise kangangoko unako elizweni usebenzisa le sivi yakho. • Zazise njengomntu owuqondayo umcimbi ekungawo kunjalonje njengokhutheleyo nokhathalayo. • Ingcombolo yolwazi oyinikayo mayicace, ivakale kwaye ingathathi cala lithile. • Isivi yakho mayigxininise kweso sikhundla somsebenzi sibhengeziweyo usifunayo. • Nika:
o Iinkcukacha ngawe buqu o Iziqinisekiso zemfundo onazo o Amava onawo ngomsebenzi (xa unawo) o Abantu abanokwenza ingxelo ngokuziphatha kwakho
. I-obhitshuwari
• Igama nefani yalo mntu uswelekileyo, umhla awazalwa ngawo, indawo awazalelwa kuyo, amagama abazali bakhe
• Imfundo yakhe neendawo aphangele kuzo; • Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezimalunga nobomi bakhe ezifana nokutshata (ukuba kuyangena); • Unobangela wokusweleka kwakhe: ukuba ugulile, imbali yokugula kwakhe ukuza kuthi ga ngomhla
wokusweleka kwakhe; • Abantu abashiya ngasemva, umz. inkosikazi/umyeni, abantwana, njalo njalo; • Amazwi okumkhapha, mhlawumbi nezibongo zesiduko sakhe; • Sebenzisa ulwimi oluhloniphayo nolundilisekileyo.
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UBUDE BEMISEBENZI EBHALWAYO Umsebenzi owenziwayo
Amabanga Isihobe Inoveli / idrama / uncwadi lwemveli
Izincoko zoncwadi
Inani lamagama
Inani lamagama
IBanga 10 90 - 140 amagama
240 - 290 amagama
IBanga 11 140 - 190 amagama
290 - 340 amagama
IBanga 12 190 - 240 amagama
340 - 390 amagama
Izincoko Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esocamngco / esixoxayo / esivelela amacala omabini
Amabanga Inani lamagama IBanga 10
240 - 290 amagama IBanga 11
290 - 340 amagama IBanga 12
Imihlathi IBanga 10
100 – 120 amagama (umxholo kuphela) Isivi neLeta eyikhaphayo / uDliwano-ndlebe olubhaliweyo / incoko yababini / iiLeta ezisesikweni nezingekho sikweni eziya kumhleli / iiLeta ezisesikweni zokucela umsebenzi, zeSicelo, zesiMemo, zokuVuyisana nezoShishino / iileta zoBuhlobo / iMagazini / amaNqaku ephephandaba neeKholam / iMemorandam / iMizuzu ne-ajenda (zidityaniswe kunye) / i-Obhitshuwari / iiNgxelo (ezisesikweni nezingekho sikweni) / iiRivyu / iiNtetho ezibhaliweyo ezisesikweni nezingekho sikweni
IBanga 11 100 – 120 amagama (umxholo kuphela)
IBanga 12 100 – 120 amagama (umxholo kuphela)
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3.4 Ulwakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi Kwesi sigaba semfundo, kulindeleke ukuba abafundi babe sele benolwazi olunzulu ngezinto ezingundoqo kwigrama. Ezo zinto ziquka izigaba zentetho, imigaqo yokusetyenziswa kwezivumelanisi, ukusetyenziswa kwezenzi, izincedisi nokubunjwa kwezivakalisi ngokwemigaqo yegrama. Akulindelekanga ukuba utitshala afundise ngegrama inguzimele geqe, kulindeleke ukuba ayifundise ngokusemxholweni. Ukubaluleka kwegrama kuthatha unyawo kwiinkalo ezimbini ezingundoqo.
• Igrama ibaluleke kakhulu kuphononongo, uhlalutyo nophendlo lweetekisi, kumabali ayinyani nangeyonyani. Abafundi bafundiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo segrama, ukubunjwa kwezivakalisi, ukusetyenziswa kwamahlelo ezibizo, kwamaxesha ezenzi kunye nentetho-ngqo nengxelo-ntetho. Okunye abaxhotyiswa ngako abafundi kukusetyenziswa kwegrama ukuphuhlisa intsingiselo nokucacisa ngokuvakalayo okubhaliweyo kwiitekisi.
• Idlala indima enkulu xa kusenziwa umsebenzi obhalwayo. Ukubhala ngowona msebenzi
ungundoqo ngoko ke abafundi mababhale iidrafti zezincoko eklasini. Utitshala wesiXhosa uza kuba nethuba elihle lokulungisa abafundi kwezo mposiso zolwimi zinokufumaneka kwiidrafti zabo. Ngokwenza izilungiso kwiidrafti zabafundi, utitshala unciphisa iimpazamo zabo xa emakisha umsebenzi wabo wokugqibela kwaye nabo banethuba elihle lokulungisa iimposiso zabo ukuphucula oko bakubhalileyo. Qaphela ukuba abafundi abaninzi abathandi ukwenza izilungiso emsebenzi wabo, bakhuthaze ke ngoko. Oku kuxhobisa utitshala akwazi ukuqaphela iinkalo abasilela kuzo abafundi kulwimi azifundise ngokutsha. Enye indlela yokunxibelelanisa igrama nokubhala kukunika abafundi iikopi zomsebenzi obhaliweyo obhutyubhutyu ziimposiso bawumakishe ngababini bandule ukucacisa ngeemposiso ezikhoyo kuwo. Lithuba elihle likatitshala lokuba agxininise kwiimposiso ezixhaphakileyo ukuncedisana nabo. Ibaluleke kakhulu igrama kumsebenzi obhalwayo. Kukho ukuzalana okukhulu phakathi kwegrama nokubhala okungazala amathole angamaduna xa kunokusingathwa ngempumelelo.
• Jonga kwisiHlomelo 1 itheyibhile edwelisa izakhiwo zolwimi nemigaqo ekulindeleke abafundi bazisebenzise kumsebenzi wokuphulaphula, wokuthetha, wokufunda nowokubhala. Izakhiwo zolwimi mazifundiswe ngokusemxholweni ngokuqukayo kwiitekisi ze-orali / zentetho yomlomo, ezibonwayo nezibhalwayo.
Nangona kunikwe uluhlu lwemiba yegrama akunyanzelekanga ukuba ootitshala bayifundise yonke okanye nayiphi na kuyo. Ibekelwe ukuba uyijonge nje kuphela, yaye makufundiswe ngokweemfuno zeklasi.
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3.5 Izicwangciso zokufundisa ezicetyiswayo Ezi nkqubo zeveki zilandelayo zinikwa njengengcebiso kootitshala kuphela, yaye azijonganga ekuvaleleni ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iintlela ezinokusebenza ngokwezicwangciso ezinikweyo. Umzekelo, utitshala usenokukhetha ukufunda uncwadi eklasini kangangoko. Le nto inokwenzeka iiveki ezimbini. Izicwangciso zokufundisa ezicetyiswayo zamaBanga 10, 11 nele-12 zisekelwe ekufundiseni ngeeveki ezimbi phantsi ngeeyure ezili-9 ngeli thuba. Kodwa xa kusenzizwa iiyure zonyaka ziya kwandiswa kukunikwa rhoqo komsebenzi wasekhaya, imisebenzi yeprojekthi nokufunda okwandisiweyo. Abafundi bamaBanga 10 -12 kufuneka benze ubuncinane umsebenzi wasekhaya oziiyure ezi-3 ngeveki ngokunjalo nokufunda kulwimi lwabo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba abafundi bawugqibezele lo msebenzi njengomsebenzi wasekhaya.. Xa eyila ithuba lokufunda leeveki ezimbini, utitshala usenokudibanisa imisebenzi phantsi kwesihloko esithile, umz. ILizwe labantu abaSebenzayo, umba, umz. ukuguquka kwemozulu, incwadi yoncwadi efundwayo, isakhono esisuka kwikharityulam, umz. ingxoxo-mpikiswano, ukubhala ngokuxoxayo, izakhi ezixhoxayo, okanye itekisi kungenjalo iqela leetekisi “Iitekisi ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ukufundisa izakhono zolwimi”. Ukulandelelanan kwezifundo kwithuba leeveki ezimbini kusenokuba nangoluphi uhlobo, umz. eli thuba lingaqala ngokufunda, liqhubeke liye exoxeni (ukuthetha) okulandelwa kukubhalwa. Nokuba kungetekisi emiselweyo (apho kuyimfuneko) okanye (engafanelekanga) okanye oluye uhlobo lwetekisi lungasetyenziswa kule misebenzi inikwe apha ngezantsi. Ezi sampule zeziCwangciso zokuFundisa zilandelayo zilungiselelwe ukuba qho ngeeveki ezimbini abafundi bakwazi:
• Ukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokuzimisela kwimisebenzi yokuphulaphula nokuthetha eklasini. • Mabafundiswe isicatshulwa baphendule nemibuzo ehamba nalo okanye benze isishwankathelo. • Mabafundiswe ngoncwadi olumiselweyo. • Mababhaliswe isincoko okanye imihlathi. • Mabaphuhlise bafundiswe ngolwakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi esetyenziswa kunxibelelwano, umzekelo,
ekuthetheni, ekuphulaphuleni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Nangona kubalulekile ukuba utitshala awujonge ze awumakishe wonke umsebenzi we-orali / wentetho yomlomo nobhaliweyo wabafundi, kodwa angasebenzisa ndlela zimbi zokumakisha. Isicwangciso sokufundisa isiXhosa siqulethe inani neendidi zemisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni eza kumakishwa ngutitshala. Eminye imisebenzi inokumakishwa ngabafundi bekhokelwa ngutitshala. Utitshala unokumakisha imisebenzi ethile ayikhethileyo okanye inxenye yayo aze ayibuyisele kubafundi ukuba benze izilungiso kuba akunyanzelekanga ukuba amakishe yonke imisebenzi yokuhlola engekho sikweni. Umzekelo, kwiBanga 10 kwikota yoku-1, abafundi baza kubhala izincoko ezibini nemihlathi emithathu. Sisincoko esinye nomhlathana omnye eziya kumakishwa njengemisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni. Eminye imisebenzi akunyanzelekanga ukuba utitshala ayimakishe ngaphandle kokuba ufuna ukwenza njalo yena. Alungomgqaliselo ubekelelo lomxholo olulapha ngasezantsi kananjalo nexesha elinikiweyo yingqikelelo engobude bomsebenzi oza kwenziwa kumxholo. Ootitshala kulindeleke ukuba bazenzele izicwangciso zomsebenzi (iishedyuli) (okanye basebenzise ezikhoyo ezincwadini) ukufundisa umxholo ngekota besebenzisa naluphi na ubekelelo nolandelelwaniso olululutho kubo. Isicwangciso sokufundisa somsebenzi mayilungelelaniswe ngokobude bonyaka. Qaphela ukuba izakhono, umxholo nale migaqo ingasezantsi azigqibelelanga. Qwalasela ezo zidweliswe kwiCandelo 3.1 - 3.4 ukuzixhobisa. Ukufundiswa kolwakhiwo lolwimi kusekelwe kwiitekisi nonxibelelwano. Ngoko ke, makungenziwa kuzimele geqe makufundiswe ngokusemxholweni. Indlela esakhiwe ngayo isicwangciso sokufundisa ikhuthaza ukuba ulwakhiwo
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lolwimi lubandakanywe luze luhlanganiswe nokufundiswa kwezinye izakhono. Yiya kwiCandelo 3.4 ukuzixhobisa ngolwakhiwo lolwimi ekulindeleke ukuba lufundiswe. Nangona izakhono ezikwisicwangciso sokufundisa zibekwe zodwa, kufanele zifundiswe ngendlela ehlanganisiweyo xa kusenzeka, umzekelo, xa ufundisa udliwanondlebe lomlomo, abafundi banokufunda itekisi ebhaliweyo baze emva koko, bayalelwe ukuba babhale udliwano-ndlebe. Ukuchongwa kolwakhiwo lolwimi oluza kufundiswa ngethuba elithile lokufundisa kuxhomekeke kwiitekisi zomlomo nezibhaliweyo eziza kuveliswa ngelo thuba lokufundisa, umzekelo, izichazi, izifanokuthi, izichasi, izihlomelo nexesha elidlulileyo zingalulutho ekuxhobiseni abafundi bakwazi ukubhala isincoko esibalisayo okanye esichazayo. Kanti iintlobo zezenzi ezithile zona zingaluncedo kakhulu xa abafundi bebhala isincoko esicamngcayo. Imigaqo yonikezelo lomlomo nokubhala eza kufundiswa kwithuba lweveki ezimbini ngalinye ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwetekisi eza kuveliswa, umzekelo xa ufundisa isincoko esibalisayo, abafundi kufanele bafundiswe ngokulandelelanisa iziganeko nokuqaphela unobangela nefuthe.
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Inkqubo yokufunda yale ncwadiInkqubo yokufunda ibonisa umsebenzi owenziwayo nomxholo
INtSHAYELELO
IKOTA YOKU-1
Iveki yoku-1–2 Iveki yesi-3–4 Iveki yesi-5–6 Iveki yesi-7–8 Iveki ye-9–10
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuxhobisayo, oluphicothayo nokuncomayo)
Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo ukuquka iindidi zoncwadi gabalala Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo
Ufundo loncwadi
Umhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/ yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/ yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/ isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari /i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: UMzantsi Afrika omtsha
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoUfundo loncwadi
Isincoko: esibalisayo/ esichazayo/ esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: UMzantsi Afrika omtsha
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo(umzekelo kwizibhengezo, iikhathuni, imifanekiso)
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi ingxelo/irivyu/ inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagazini Imeko/ Umxholo: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso
Incoko yababini/incoko
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/Umxholo: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso
Intetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwanga
Ukubhala isishwankathelo
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi: intetho/ingxoxo/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/umxholo: Inkcubeko
IKOTA YESI-2
Iveki ye-11–12 Iveki ye-13–14 Iveki ye-15–16 Iveki ye-17–18 Iveki ye-19–20
Incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo Ufundo loncwadi Imihlathi: Ukubhala intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe
Imeko/umxholo: Amaqhawe ezemidlalo
Intetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwanga
Ukubhala isishwankathelo
Ufundo loncwadi
Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Amaqhawe ezemidlalo
Incoko yababini/incoko
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo(umzekelo kwizibhengezo, iikhathuni, imifanekiso)
Ufundo loncwadiImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari /i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/Umxholo: Unxibelelwano
Ingxoxo yephaneli
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/Umxholo: Unxibelelwano
Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni
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IKOTA YESI-3
Iveki yama-21–22
Iveki yama-23–24
Iveki yama-25–26
Iveki yama-27–28
Iveki yama-29–30
Ukuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango elandelwayo yentlanganiso
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo yeetekisi eziviwayo Ufundo loncwadi
Imhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhisthuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: Ungcoliseko
Ukubalisa ibali
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi
Ufundo loncwadi
Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Umculo
Intetho elungiselelweyo/ engalungiselelwanga
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/Umxholo: Umculo
Intetho elungiselelweyo/ engalungiselelwanga
Ukubhala isihwankathelo
Ufundo loncwadiIsincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo:Umbane nokhuseleko
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (Okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)
Ukufundela ukuqonda: iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi: ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/umxholo: Umbane nokhuseleko
IKOTA YESI-4
Iveki yama-31–32
Iveki yama-33–34
Iveki yama-35–36
Iveki yama-37–38
Iveki yama-39–40
Ukwazisa isithethi/ukwe-nza amazwi ombuleloUkufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo kwiitekisi ebonwayo
Ufundo loncwadi
Imhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/ yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: Impatho-mbi
Ingxoxo yephaneli
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo
Ufundo loncwadi
Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Impatho-mbi
Ingxoxo yephaneli
Ukubhala isishwankathelo
Ufundo loncwadiImihlathi Ingxelo/irivyu/ inqaku lephepha-ndaba/ inqaku lemagaziniImeko/Umxholo: Umabonakude
Ingxoxo yeforam/yeqela/ yephaneliAmalungiselelo oviwo Ukufunda nokubukela: Ukufundela ukuqonda nokusetyenziswa kolwimi: isishwankatheloUncwadi: Inoveli/Uncwadi lwemveliIdramaIsihobeImeko/Umxholo:Umabonakude
Amalungiselelo oviwoUkubhala nokunikezelaIzincokoImihlathi
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 36 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
37i n t s h ay e l e l o
Ishedyuli yomsebenziIshedyuli yomsebenzi kufuneka iveliswe kunyaka ngamnye kwinkqubo yokufunda. Ishedyuli yomsebenzi inika inkcukacha yengqiqo nganye okanye ilungu lenkqubo yokufunda kwaye yongeza inkcukacha ngokuphathelele kwiimeko, kulwazi nakulwabiwo lwexesha. Inkqubo yohlolo yakhelwe kwishedyuli yomsebenzi. Ishedyuli yomsebenzi ibonisa iindlela zohlolo emazisetyenziswe. Imithombo efunekayo kufuneka ichaziwe.
IKOTA YOKU-1
IVEKI YOKU-1–2
Izakhono Izixhobo zokufundisa Uhlolo
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (oluxhobisayo, oluphicothayo nokuncomayo)
Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo ukuquka iindidi zoncwadi gabalala Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo
Ufundo loncwadi
Umhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/i-obhitshuwari /i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: UMzantsi Afrika omtsha
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IirubrikhiImemoiigridi
IVEKI YESI-3–4
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoUfundo loncwadi
Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/umxholo: UMzantsi Afrika omtsha
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IirubrikhiImemoIigridi
IVEKI YESI-5–6
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo(umzekelo kwizibhengezo, iikhathuni, imifanekiso)
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagazini Imeko/Umxholo: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IirubrikhiImemoIigridi
IVEKI YESI-7–8
Incoko yababini/incoko
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/Umxholo: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentethoIikhathuniIzibhengezoIzaziso
IigridiIimemoIirubrikhi
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 37 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
38 s t u d y & M a s t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e s i x h o s a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Izakhono Izixhobo zokufundisa Uhlolo
IVEKI YE-9–10
Intetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwanga
Ukubhala isishwankathelo
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi: intetho/ingxoxo/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/umxholo: Inkcubeko
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentethoIikhathuniIzaziso
IigridiIirubrikhiImemo
IKOTA YESI-2
IVEKI YE-11–12
Incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo Ufundo loncwadi Imihlathi: Ukubhala intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe
Imeko/umxholo: Amaqhawe ezemidlalo
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentethoIikhathuniImifanekisoIzibhengezoIzaziso
IirubrikhiImemoIigridi
IVEKI YE-13–14
Intetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwanga
Ukubhala isishwankathelo
Ufundo loncwadi
Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Amaqhawe ezemidlalo
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IirubrikhiImemoIigridi
IVEKI YE-15–16
Incoko yababini/incoko
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo(umzekelo kwizibhengezo, iikhathuni, imifanekiso)
Ufundo loncwadiImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/i-obhitshuwari /i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/Umxholo: Unxibelelwano
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali amafutshaneIdramaIintsomiImihobeAmaphepha-ndabaIikhathuniImifanekisoIzibhengezoIzaziso
IimemoIigridiIirubrikhi
IVEKI YE-17–18
Ingxoxo yephaneli
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/Umxholo: Unxibelelwano
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentethoIikhathuniIzibhengezoIzaziso
IigridiIimemoIirubrikhi
IVEKI YE-19–20
Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 38 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
39i n t s h ay e l e l o
KOTA YESI-3
IVEKI YAMA-21–22
Izakhono Izixhobo zokufundisa Uhlolo
Ukuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango elandelwayo yentlanganiso
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo yeetekisi eziviwayo Ufundo loncwadi
Imhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/iobhisthuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: Ungcoliseko
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IirubrikhiImemoIigridi
IVEKI YAMA-23–24
Ukubalisa ibali
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi
Ufundo loncwadi
Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Umculo
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IirubrikhiImemoIigridi
IVEKI YAMA-25–26
Incoko yababini/incokoIntetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwanga
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/Umxholo: Umculo
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IirubrikhiImemoIigridi
IVEKI YAMA-27–28
Intetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwanga
Ukubhala isishwankathelo
Ufundo loncwadiIsincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/umxholo:Umbane nokhuseleko
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IigridiIimemoIirubrikhi
IVEKI YAMA-29–30
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (Okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)
Ukufundela ukuqonda: iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo
Ufundo loncwadi
Imihlathi: ingcelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/umxholo: Umbane nokhuseleko:
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IigridiIimemoIirubrikhi
IKOTA YESI-4
IVEKI YAMA-31–32
Ukwazisa isithethi/ukwenza amazwi ombulelo Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo kwiitekisi ebonwayo
Ufundo loncwadi
Umhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/i-obhisthuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: Iimpatho-mbi
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IirubrikhiImemoIigridi
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 39 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
40 s t u d y & M a s t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e s i x h o s a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Izakhono Izixhobo zokufundisa Uhlolo
IVEKI YAMA-33–34
Ingxoxo yephaneli
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo
Ufundo loncwadi
Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Impatho-mbi
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IirubrikhiImemoIigridi
IVEKI YAMA-35–36
Ingxoxo yephaneli
Ukubhala isishwankathelo
Ufundo loncwadiImihlathi Ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/umxholo: umabonakude
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IigridiIimemoIirubrikhi
IVEKI YAMA-37–38
Ingxoxo yeforam/yeqela/yephaneliAmalungiselelo oviwo Ukufunda nokubukela: Ukufundela ukuqonda nokusetyenziswa kolwimi: isishwankatheloUncwadi: Inoveli/Uncwadi lwemveliIdramaIsihobeImeko/umxholo:Umabonakude
Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho
IigridiIimemoIirubrikhi
IVEKI YAMA-39–40
Imisebenzi yohloloUkubhalwa koviwo
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 40 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
41i n t s h ay e l e l o
Uyilo lwesifundoUyilo lwesifundo luveliswa kwishedyuli yomsebenzi yonyaka wonke kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno zikatitshala nabafundi kwiklasi ethile. Ootitshala kufuneka bakhethe imisebenzi yokufunda eya kuba nentsingiselo kwizimbo zokufunda ezithile. Uyilo lwesifundo luya kubonisa ngokucacileyo imethodi nenkqubo yokufundisa eya kulandelwa kunye nezithintelo ezithile ekufundeni eziya kulungiswa eklasini. Iintlobo nobungakanani bezixhobo zokufundisa ziya kuchazwa kuba ezi zingundoqo esikolweni naseklasini.
Nanku umzekelo woyilo lwesifundo:
UYILO LWESIFUNDO
Isifundo: ULwimi LwaseKhaya IBanga: 10Ixesha: Iveki yoku-1–2 Umhla
Umxholo/ingqiqo/isakhonoUkuphulaphulela ukuqonda: (Okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)
Ukujonga emva:Uvavanyo lokuqonda lokumamela
Ukujonga phambiliUkunika intsingiselo yezicatshulwa ezimanyelweyo
Imisebenzi yokufundaUkuphulaphula ngononophelo Ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyoUkuhlalutyaUkunika iinkcukacha zebaliUkunika ingcinga engundoqoUkuvakalisa uvakaleloUkunika unxulumano phakathi kwesizathu nesiphumo
Indlela yokufundisaUkuthetha komfundi ngamnye, ukuphendula imibuzo ngomlomo
Uhlolo olungekho sikweniUvavanyo lokuqonda lokumamela
Imithombo yolwazi/izixhobo zokufundisaIncwadi yomfundiAmabali amafutshane
Amathuba andisiweyoImiyalelo eyenzelwe abafundi abanesiphiwoEminye imiyalelo eyenzelwe abafundi abasokolayo
Okubonakaliswa kutitshalaUkuphunyezwa kwesakhono sokumamelaUmsebenzi omawuphindwe/omawulungiswe
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 41 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
42 s t u d y & M a s t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e s i x h o s a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
IZAKHONO NGEZAKHONO EZIKULE NCWADI
IKOtA YOKU-1
ISAHLUKO SOKU-1: UMZANTSI AFRIKA OMTSHA
IVEKI YOKU-1–2 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukuphulaphulela
ukuqonda okuxhobisayo nokuphicothayoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu eziphambili
zokufundwayoUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zenoveliUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala ileta yobuhlobo Umsebenzi wesi-5: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ileta yaseburhulumenteni –
Ileta yesikhalazo
IVEKI YESI-3–4 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo-mpikiswanoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufunda –
UkukrwaqulaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zenoveli Umsebenzi wesi4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Isincoko esixoxayo
ISAHLUKO SESI-2: ISIFO UGAWULAYO NENTSHOLONGWANE YASO
IVEKI YESI-5–6 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthethaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uvavanyo lokuqondaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zenoveliUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala ingxelo
IVEKI YESI-7–8 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukwenza incokoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –
Ukuphuhlisa isigamaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –
Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zesihobeUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala incoko yababini
ISAHLUKO SESI-3: UKHENKETHO NENKCUBEKO
IVEKI YE-9–10Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Intetho
engalungiselelwangaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukubhala isishwankatheloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ufunda nokubhala – Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu
zesihobeUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala ingxoxo
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 42 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
43i n t s h ay e l e l o
IKOtA YESI-2
ISAHLUKO SESI-4: EZEMIDLALO
IVEKI YE-11–12 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Udliwano-ndlebeUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufundaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedramaUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala – Ukubhala udliwano-ndlebe
IVEKI YE-13–14 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Intetho elungiselelweyoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukubhala isishwankatheloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela- Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedramaUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Isincoko esibalisayo
ISAHLUKO SESI-5: UNXIBELELWANO
IVEKI YE-15–16 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha- Iincoko zababini
ezingekho sikweniUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukutolika izicatshulwa
ezibonwayoUmsebnzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama Umsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala ileta yokucela
nokubhala ileta yesicelo somsebenziUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ileta yorhwebo – Ileta yoku-
odola neleta yentengo
IVEKI YE-17–18 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –
Ukuphuhlisa isigama Umsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –
Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –
Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedramaUmsebenzi wesi-6: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala isigxeko-ncomo/
rivyu
IVEKI YE-19–20 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela- Ukufundela ukuqonda –
Ukuphuhlisa isigama Umsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –
Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –
Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 43 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
44 s t u d y & M a s t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e s i x h o s a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
IKOtA YESI-3
ISAHLUKO SESI-6: UNGCOLISEKO LOMMANDLA
IVEKI YAMA-21–22 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Iintlanganiso neenkqubo
zentlanganisoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uvavanyo lokuqonda –
Ukunika intsingiselo yebaliUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedramaUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ileta eya kumhleli, i-ajenda
nemizuzu yentlanganiso
ISAHLUKO SESI-7: UMCULO
IVEKI YAMA-23–24Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukubalisa ibaliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukuphuhlisa isigama Umsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela- Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-6: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – iimpawu zebali
elifutshaneUmsebenzi wesi-7: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala isincoko
esichazayo
IVEKI YAMA-25–26 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukwenza intetho
engalungiselelwangaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufundaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zebali elifutshaneUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala intetho
ISAHLUKO SESI-8: UMBANE NOKHUSELEKO
IVEKI YAMA-27–28 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukwenza intetho
engalungiselelwangaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukubhala isishwankatheloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zebali
elifutshane Umsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala isincoko
elibalisayo
IVEKI YAMA-29–30 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Uvavanyo lokuqonda
lokumamelaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufundaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala inqaku lephepha-
ndaba
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 44 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
45i n t s h ay e l e l o
IKOtA YESI-4
ISAHLUKO SE-9: IMPATHO-MBI
IVEKI YAMA-31–32 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukwazisa isithethi
nokwenza ilizwi lombuleloUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukunika intsingiseloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zoncwadi
lwemveliUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – i-CV neleta ehamba nayo,
ukubhala iileta zokubulela, ukubhala i-obhitshuwari
IVEKI 33–34 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufundaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – uncwadi – iimpawu zentsomiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala isincoko esixoxayo
ISAHLUKO SE-10: UMABONAKUDE
IVEKI YAMA-35–36 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukubhala isishwankatheloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zentsomiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala inqaku lemagazini
IVEKI YAMA-37–38 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yeqela/
yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukulungiselela uviwo
IZIXHOBO ZOKUFUNDISA NEZOKUHLOLA• Incwadiyomfundi• Inoveli• Amabali• Idrama• Imibongo• Amaphepha-ndaba• Iimagazini• Iinkqubozentetho• Iigridi• Iirubrikhi• Imemo• Imifanekiso• Iikhathuni• Izaziso• Izibhengezo
IVEKI YAMA-39–40Uviwo lokuphela konyaka
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 45 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
1
IKOTA YOKU-1
Isahluko soku-1UMzantsi Afrika Omtsha 2
Isahluko sesi-2Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso 11
Isahluko sesi-3Ukhenketho nenkcubeko 20
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 1 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
2 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Xa sithetha ngoMzantsi Afrika omtsha sithetha ngeenguqu ezathi zenzeka kweli lizwe lethu. Kaloku uMzantsi Afrika usuka kurhulumente wocalucalulo olawule iminyaka emininzi. Kuthe ngenxa yoqhankqalazo olungapheliyo lwabantu abaNtsundu urhulumente wengcinezelo wanikezela. Ngowe-1994, uMzantsi Afrika ulawulwe ngokwedemokhrasi apho okaMandela waba ngumongameli omnyama wokuqala welizwe elilawulwa yidemokhrasi.
Umfundi uza kuchaza ukuba apha kumhla kwabekwa uNelson Mandela njengomongameli wokuqala wedemokhrasi eMzantsi Afrika ngowe-1994.
Iveki yoku-1–2
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda: okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayoIndlela yokufundisa• Yalelaabafundiukubabavaleiincwadizabouzewanduleufunde
isicatshulwa esisencwadini yabo kabini.• Bethelelakwezondawoofunaukubabaziqaphele.• Ungaxoxangentsingiseloyesicatshulwaphambikokubaabafundi
baphendule imibuzo ebuziweyo.• Ukuzelomsebenzikubelulaukuwenza,ungaziteyipaphambikokuba
uwenze.• Ekuziteyipenikwakho,qaphelaukubailizwilakholivakalakakuhle
kwayebonkeabafundibakuvangokufanayo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Phambi kowe-1994, uMzantsi Afrika wawulawulwa ngocalucalulo.
Ngowe-1994abantuabaninzibavotelai-ANCyenzaloontoukubauNelson Mandela abe ngumongameli wokuqala wentando yesininzi.
b) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.c) Ukuguquka kwezinto eMzantsi Afrika. Abafundi bayakunika nezinye.
Yamkelanayiphinaephuhlisaintsingiseloyesicatshulwa.d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayoIimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo namacandelo encwadi kuquka iindidi zoncwadi gabalalaIndlela yokufundisa • Chazelaabafundiukubaisicatshulwanesicatshulwasibhalwangendlela
yaso.• Yibanezicatshulwaezibiniezingabhalwangangokufanayookokukuthi,
esinye sibe nesihloko nezihlokwana size esinye sibe nesihloko kuphela.
IKOTA YOKU-1
Isahluko soku-1: UMzantsi Afrika Omtsha
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 2 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
3I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y o k u - 1 – 2
• Esinyesibenamagamaabhalwengqindiliesinyesibenabhalwebukekelakuphela okanye singabi nanto ibhaliweyo, sibhalwe ngokuqhelekileyoyonke into. Xoxa nabafundi ngezicatshulwa eziphambi kwenu kwayeubuze umbuzo wokuba zahluke njani izicatshulwa ezo.
• Xaabafundibelandela,fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxani ngolu lwazi.
• Ngababiniabafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Isibiningasinyemasichazeleiklasiokobesikwenza.• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyobazeabafundibakwazi
ukwenza izilungiso.• Baqheliselomsebenziabafundi.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Isihloko sibhalwe ngqindilili kuba umbhali ufuna siqaphele ukuba
sibalulekile. Ulwazi oluphantsi kwesihloko lunomboliwe njengokoumbhali efuna sibone ukulandelelana kweziganeko sesicatshulwa.
b) Kukho isihlokwana naso esibhalwe ngqindilili apho umbhali atsalaingqwalasela yabafundi bakhe.
c) Nalapha ulwazi lunonjoliwe kuba umfundi ufuna sazi ukulandelelanakweziganeko zesihloko.
d) Ngemigaqo-siseko eyahlukileyo.e) Ukubhalwa komgaqo-siseko.f ) Ufuna siqwalasela ukubaluleka kwesihloko.g) Ukubaluleka kolwazi oluphantsi kwesihloko.h) Ukubaluleka nokulandelelana kweziganeko.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukufunda nokubukela
Iimpawu zenoveliUfundo loncwadi Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzokubhalwakwenovelikunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwinoveli.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawu
nganyengexeshausenzaumzekelongencwadiabayalathelweyo.Chithaixesha usenza lo msebenzi.
• Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawu,qinisekisaukubaabafundibakho balulandele uphawu ebelufundiswa. Oku ungakwenzangokubanika umsebenzi.
• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenzi,phindaufundiseuphawuolo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.
• Xabelandela,mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Nikaabafundiithubaelaneleyolokwenzalomsebenzi.• Jikelezaphakathikwabouqinisekiseukubawonkeumfundiuyasebenza.• Ncedaabobafundibangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Thathaiincwadizabouzeuzihloleusebenzisalerubrikhiilandelayo.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 3 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
4 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Impu
mel
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anel
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Impu
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kath
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o ey
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kung
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7 (8
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6 (7
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5 (6
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4 (5
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3 (4
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2 (3
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1 (0
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Ukw
akhi
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i iz
ivak
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i ezi
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i ez
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ileyo
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ngok
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akal
isi
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luke
neyo
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khiw
e ng
okuc
acile
yo
nang
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ekile
yo
uni
nzi l
wez
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i za
khiw
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ekile
yo
iqel
a le
ziva
kalis
i la
khiw
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yo
nang
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anel
ekile
yo
iziv
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isi
ezim
balw
a za
khiw
e ng
okuf
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ekile
yo
uni
nzi l
wez
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ucha
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Zonk
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Uku
sety
enzi
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a u
mfu
ndi
useb
enzi
se is
igam
a sa
khe
esib
anzi
es
ahlu
kene
yo
ukuc
acis
a iin
gong
oma
um
fund
i use
benz
ise
isig
ama
sakh
e es
ahlu
kene
yo
ukuc
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a iin
gong
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i use
benz
ise
isig
ama
sakh
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sibo
leki
wey
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iingo
ngom
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benz
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tsin
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benz
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nesi
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Izip
hum
lisi
nope
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okuc
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yo.
aku
kho
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lo
um
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i use
benz
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hum
lisi
ngok
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neki
leyo
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kukh
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phos
o zo
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fund
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benz
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izip
hum
lisi
ngok
ucha
neki
leyo
. ku
kho
izip
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fund
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nezi
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um
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sebe
nzis
e iz
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i ezi
thile
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. ku
kho
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um
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. ku
kho
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pelo
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aye
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Um
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dla
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anel
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kakh
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acin
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um
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aye
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um
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i
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 4 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
5I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y o k u - 1 – 2
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Ukubhala ileta yobuhlobo Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso.
Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletakunyenabafundi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabambalwabangabhalaezaboiiletaebhodini.Eli
lixesha lokokuba ubone iziphoso ezenziwa ngabafundi ezifananokupelwa kwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi,ukucwangciswa kwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelwanisanokuphefumelelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi, ukwakhiwa kwemihlathi.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.
• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.Xakulungiswaeziziphosomana ufunda kunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.
• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelomakwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.Sebenzisalegridiukukorekisha umsebenzi wabafundi.
• Ukubauyabonabasebaninziabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenziphinda ubanike omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.
Ewe Hayi
idilesi idilesi ibhaleke ngokuchanekileyo
umhla umhla ubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo
intshayelelo intshayelelo icacile
isiphelo isiphelo siphethe ileta ngokufanelekileyo
isicwangciso somhlathi kukho imihlathi emithathu ecacileyo
imihlathi umhlathi ngamnye unengcinga ebalulekileyo kunye neengxelo ezixhasayo ezicacileyo
Umsebenzi wesi-5 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Ileta yaseburhulumenteni – Ileta yesikhalazoImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso.
Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletakunyenabafundi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabambalwabangabhalaezaboiiletaebhodini.Elilixesha
lokokuba uboneiziphoso ezenziwa ngabafundi ezifana nokupelwakwamagama, ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelaniswa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 5 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
6 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
• Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.• Xakulungiswaeziziphoso,manaufundakunyenaboingongomanganye
esencwadini yabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo,
makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.• Sebenzisalegridiukukorekishaumsebenziwabafundi.• Ukubauyabonabasebaninziabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenzi,
phinda ubanike omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.
Ewe Hayi
idilesi iidilesi ezimbini zibhaleke ngokuchanekileyo
umhla umhla ubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo
intshayelelo intshayelelo icacile
isiphelo isiphelo siphethe ileta ngokufanelekileyo
isicwangciso somhlathi
kukho imihlathi emithathu ecacileyo
imihlathi umhlathi ngamnye unengcinga ebalulekileyo kunye neengxelo ezixhasayo ezicacileyo
umxholo umxholo uqulathe ngokucacileyo isihloko esinikiweyo.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 6 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
7I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y E s i - 3 – 4
Iveki yesi-3–4
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ingxoxo-mpikiswanoIndlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalalomsebenzingokunikaiklasiyakhoisihlokoesilulaekuza
kuxoxwangaso.Bahlulebabengamaqelaamabini.Banikeithubalokucinga.Bangaqalakebathethebophelengesihlokoesobasinikiweyo.
• Lixeshaelilokubonaukubaabafundibalusebenzisanjaniulwimikwayebayayilandelaimigaqonokuvumelanakwegramakusinina.
• Lixeshalokubaukwaziukulungisaiziphosozabo.Ulwimiolusetyenziswayoluxhomekekakwisihlokoesinikiweyo.Yibetheleleloonto kubafundi bakho.
• Xaabafundibelandelaningafundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Qalauxoxanabongentsingiseloyesihlokoesinikiweyo.Xabeyilandela
intsingiselo kwaye besazi ukuba kufuneka benze ntoni baxelele ukubamabaye kufuna ulwazi ngesihloko eso.
• Nikaabafundiithubalokuyakuphandangesihlokoabazakuxoxelaphezukwaso ukuze babe nolwazi oluphangeleleyo nolunzulu ngesihloko kwayebakwaziukuvelelazonkeiinkaloxabexoxabazokukwaziukuzithembakokobathethangako.Bachazeleukubazininziiindlelazokuphanda.Usenokuya kwithala leencwadi, usenokwenza amaphepha emibuzo,usenokubamba udliwano-ndlebe okanye uye kubantu abanolwaziabanokukuxelela ngoko ufuna ukukwazi.
• Hlulaabafundibabengakwamaqelaamabini.Iqelangalinyemalithethe,lixoxeliphikiseelinyengomsebenziobuzweencwadini.Banikeithubaelaneleyo lokuxoxa nokubeka iimbono zabo ngesihloko esibuziweyo.
• Xaabafundibexoxaqwalaselaukubabasebenzisaulwimiolufanelekileyonolusulungekileyo.
• Bethelelaukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundi ukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezezimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano, intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenzeintsingiselo.Kumhlathingamnyekubakhoingcingaenye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathi yabo mayilandelelane kwayeinamathelane ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze oko
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 7 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
8 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
akubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo. Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuze okubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba okanye ufumanise ukuba ezo aziniki ntsingiselo koko kuthethwayo. Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Ungawushwankathelalomsebenzingokubhalazonkeiingongomazabafundi kwiphepha elikhulu uze ulixhome edongeni. Ungalibaliukubhala isihloko seengongoma.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukukrwaqula Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Banikeinqakulephepha-ndabauthimabalikrwaqule.Banikeiingongoma
ofuna ukuba bazazi. Xoxani ngeengongoma ezo. Xa abafundi belandela,bangenza umsebenzi osencwadini.
• Xaubonaukubabayalandela,fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo. Mabenze umsebenzi ngabanye.
• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakho.Xaabafundibefundaimisebenzi yabo makuxoxwe ngayo kwaye kunikwe nengxelo eyakhayo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Kukubonisa ukubaluleka kwegama nokokuba umfundi kufuneka
eliqaphele.b) Urhulumente wasekhaya ujongene noomsapila ekufuneka banikezele
iinkonzo ebantwini ezifana neenkonzo zempilo zikamasipala, imithethoyokwakha, iinkonzo zokulwa imililo, izithuthi zoluntu lukamasipala,iinkonzo zamanzi nococeko, ukuthutha inkunkuma, imithethoyomhamba-ndlela kunye namathala eencwadi.
c) Urhulumente wamaphondo unenkulumbuso. Urhulumente wephondouyakwazi ukwenza imithetho yephondo. Iphondo linamagunya owiso-mthetho kwizinto ezifana neenkonzo zolimo, zemfundo, zempilo,zeendawo zokuhlala, zothutho, zommandla ngomgaqo wolwinmi,njalo njalo.
d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zenoveliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubunjwakwabalinganiswakunyenempixanonabafundi.
Yenzaumzekelongencwadiabayaziyoesekhebayifundangaphambili.Xa belandela funda kunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo uzeuthathe uphawu ngalunye ngexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadiabayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Mabaphenduleumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Thathaiincwadizabouzikorekishengokwakho.Kodwaukubauyathanda kungaxoxwa ngeempendulo ezinikwe ngabafundi.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 8 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
9I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y E s i 3 – 4
• Shwankathelalomsebenzingokubanikaeyonampenduloiyiyo.• Khumbulaukubakuncwadiakukhompenduloechanekileyo
nengachanekanga. Okubalulekileyo kukuba abafundi bayakwaziukuzixhasa ngencwadi xa bexoxa ngomsebenzi abawunikiweyo.
• Bethelelakuboukubaxabehlalutyaincwadimabazixhasengokubhalweencwadinikangangoko.Bafundisenokucaphulaiindawoezithileencwadini xa bezixhasa.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Isincoko esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Abafundimabaqalebayokuphandangesihlokoabasinikiweyo.• Xaselebenaloulwazingokwamaqela,mabaxoxengeengongomaabaza
kubhalela phezu kwazo.• Ezingongomamazicwangciswengokwemephuyengqondoukuze
bakwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo.• Xaiqelaligqibile,malifundeleiklasiokobelithethangako.• Bancediseaphoubonayoukubaabacwangcisangangokufanelekileyo
okanye iingcinga eziphambili azihambi neengcinga ezixhasayo.• Elilixeshalokokubauboneiziphosoezenziwangabafundiezifana
nokupelwakwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelaniswa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.• Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.Elilixesha
lokulungisa iziphoso zabafundi. Xa kulungiswa ezi ziphoso mana ufundakunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.Umfundi makahlaziyeuyilo lwakhe ngengxelo ayifumene kuwe nakumalungu eklasi.
• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo
makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.Korekishalomsebenzingale rubrikhi ilandelayo.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 9 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
10 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Impu
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S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 4 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
11I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y o k u - 1 – 2
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Ukubhala ileta yobuhlobo Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso.
Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletakunyenabafundi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabambalwabangabhalaezaboiiletaebhodini.Eli
lixesha lokokuba ubone iziphoso ezenziwa ngabafundi ezifananokupelwa kwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi,ukucwangciswa kwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelwanisanokuphefumelelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi, ukwakhiwa kwemihlathi.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.
• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.Xakulungiswaeziziphosomana ufunda kunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.
• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelomakwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.Sebenzisalegridiukukorekisha umsebenzi wabafundi.
• Ukubauyabonabasebaninziabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenziphinda ubanike omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.
Ewe Hayi
idilesi idilesi ibhaleke ngokuchanekileyo
umhla umhla ubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo
intshayelelo intshayelelo icacile
isiphelo isiphelo siphethe ileta ngokufanelekileyo
isicwangciso somhlathi kukho imihlathi emithathu ecacileyo
imihlathi umhlathi ngamnye unengcinga ebalulekileyo kunye neengxelo ezixhasayo ezicacileyo
Umsebenzi wesi-5 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Ileta yaseburhulumenteni – Ileta yesikhalazoImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso.
Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletakunyenabafundi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabambalwabangabhalaezaboiiletaebhodini.Elilixesha
lokokuba uboneiziphoso ezenziwa ngabafundi ezifana nokupelwakwamagama, ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelaniswa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 5 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
12 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
• Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.• Xakulungiswaeziziphoso,manaufundakunyenaboingongomanganye
esencwadini yabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo,
makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.• Sebenzisalegridiukukorekishaumsebenziwabafundi.• Ukubauyabonabasebaninziabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenzi,
phinda ubanike omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.
Ewe Hayi
idilesi iidilesi ezimbini zibhaleke ngokuchanekileyo
umhla umhla ubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo
intshayelelo intshayelelo icacile
isiphelo isiphelo siphethe ileta ngokufanelekileyo
isicwangciso somhlathi
kukho imihlathi emithathu ecacileyo
imihlathi umhlathi ngamnye unengcinga ebalulekileyo kunye neengxelo ezixhasayo ezicacileyo
umxholo umxholo uqulathe ngokucacileyo isihloko esinikiweyo.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 6 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
13I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y E s i - 3 – 4
Iveki yesi-3–4
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ingxoxo-mpikiswanoIndlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalalomsebenzingokunikaiklasiyakhoisihlokoesilulaekuza
kuxoxwangaso.Bahlulebabengamaqelaamabini.Banikeithubalokucinga.Bangaqalakebathethebophelengesihlokoesobasinikiweyo.
• Lixeshaelilokubonaukubaabafundibalusebenzisanjaniulwimikwayebayayilandelaimigaqonokuvumelanakwegramakusinina.
• Lixeshalokubaukwaziukulungisaiziphosozabo.Ulwimiolusetyenziswayoluxhomekekakwisihlokoesinikiweyo.Yibetheleleloonto kubafundi bakho.
• Xaabafundibelandelaningafundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Qalauxoxanabongentsingiseloyesihlokoesinikiweyo.Xabeyilandela
intsingiselo kwaye besazi ukuba kufuneka benze ntoni baxelele ukubamabaye kufuna ulwazi ngesihloko eso.
• Nikaabafundiithubalokuyakuphandangesihlokoabazakuxoxelaphezukwaso ukuze babe nolwazi oluphangeleleyo nolunzulu ngesihloko kwayebakwaziukuvelelazonkeiinkaloxabexoxabazokukwaziukuzithembakokobathethangako.Bachazeleukubazininziiindlelazokuphanda.Usenokuya kwithala leencwadi, usenokwenza amaphepha emibuzo,usenokubamba udliwano-ndlebe okanye uye kubantu abanolwaziabanokukuxelela ngoko ufuna ukukwazi.
• Hlulaabafundibabengakwamaqelaamabini.Iqelangalinyemalithethe,lixoxeliphikiseelinyengomsebenziobuzweencwadini.Banikeithubaelaneleyo lokuxoxa nokubeka iimbono zabo ngesihloko esibuziweyo.
• Xaabafundibexoxaqwalaselaukubabasebenzisaulwimiolufanelekileyonolusulungekileyo.
• Bethelelaukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundi ukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezezimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano, intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenzeintsingiselo.Kumhlathingamnyekubakhoingcingaenye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathi yabo mayilandelelane kwayeinamathelane ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze oko
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 7 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
14 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
akubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo. Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuze okubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba okanye ufumanise ukuba ezo aziniki ntsingiselo koko kuthethwayo. Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Ungawushwankathelalomsebenzingokubhalazonkeiingongomazabafundi kwiphepha elikhulu uze ulixhome edongeni. Ungalibaliukubhala isihloko seengongoma.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukukrwaqula Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Banikeinqakulephepha-ndabauthimabalikrwaqule.Banikeiingongoma
ofuna ukuba bazazi. Xoxani ngeengongoma ezo. Xa abafundi belandela,bangenza umsebenzi osencwadini.
• Xaubonaukubabayalandela,fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo. Mabenze umsebenzi ngabanye.
• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakho.Xaabafundibefundaimisebenzi yabo makuxoxwe ngayo kwaye kunikwe nengxelo eyakhayo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Kukubonisa ukubaluleka kwegama nokokuba umfundi kufuneka
eliqaphele.b) Urhulumente wasekhaya ujongene noomsapila ekufuneka banikezele
iinkonzo ebantwini ezifana neenkonzo zempilo zikamasipala, imithethoyokwakha, iinkonzo zokulwa imililo, izithuthi zoluntu lukamasipala,iinkonzo zamanzi nococeko, ukuthutha inkunkuma, imithethoyomhamba-ndlela kunye namathala eencwadi.
c) Urhulumente wamaphondo unenkulumbuso. Urhulumente wephondouyakwazi ukwenza imithetho yephondo. Iphondo linamagunya owiso-mthetho kwizinto ezifana neenkonzo zolimo, zemfundo, zempilo,zeendawo zokuhlala, zothutho, zommandla ngomgaqo wolwinmi,njalo njalo.
d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zenoveliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubunjwakwabalinganiswakunyenempixanonabafundi.
Yenzaumzekelongencwadiabayaziyoesekhebayifundangaphambili.Xa belandela funda kunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo uzeuthathe uphawu ngalunye ngexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadiabayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Mabaphenduleumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Thathaiincwadizabouzikorekishengokwakho.Kodwaukubauyathanda kungaxoxwa ngeempendulo ezinikwe ngabafundi.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 8 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
15I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y E s i 3 – 4
• Shwankathelalomsebenzingokubanikaeyonampenduloiyiyo.• Khumbulaukubakuncwadiakukhompenduloechanekileyo
nengachanekanga. Okubalulekileyo kukuba abafundi bayakwaziukuzixhasa ngencwadi xa bexoxa ngomsebenzi abawunikiweyo.
• Bethelelakuboukubaxabehlalutyaincwadimabazixhasengokubhalweencwadinikangangoko.Bafundisenokucaphulaiindawoezithileencwadini xa bezixhasa.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Isincoko esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Abafundimabaqalebayokuphandangesihlokoabasinikiweyo.• Xaselebenaloulwazingokwamaqela,mabaxoxengeengongomaabaza
kubhalela phezu kwazo.• Ezingongomamazicwangciswengokwemephuyengqondoukuze
bakwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo.• Xaiqelaligqibile,malifundeleiklasiokobelithethangako.• Bancediseaphoubonayoukubaabacwangcisangangokufanelekileyo
okanye iingcinga eziphambili azihambi neengcinga ezixhasayo.• Elilixeshalokokubauboneiziphosoezenziwangabafundiezifana
nokupelwakwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelaniswa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.• Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.Elilixesha
lokulungisa iziphoso zabafundi. Xa kulungiswa ezi ziphoso mana ufundakunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.Umfundi makahlaziyeuyilo lwakhe ngengxelo ayifumene kuwe nakumalungu eklasi.
• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo
makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.Korekishalomsebenzingale rubrikhi ilandelayo.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 9 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
16 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Impu
mel
elo
egqw
esay
oIm
pum
elel
o es
emag
qabi
niIm
pum
elel
o ey
anel
isay
oIm
pum
elel
o ey
anel
eyo
Impu
mel
elo
epha
kath
iim
pum
elel
o ey
inxa
le-
nye
Uku
ngap
hu-m
elel
i
7 (8
0–10
0%)
6 (7
0–79
%)
5 (6
0–69
%)
4 (5
0–59
%)
3 (4
0–49
%)
2 (3
0–39
%)
1 (0
–29%
)
Uku
yila
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
ey
ilayo
ene
engc
inga
ez
inin
zi e
ziny
e za
zo
zikh
ethi
we.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
ey
ilayo
ene
engc
inga
ez
imba
lwa
ezin
ye z
azo
zikh
ethi
we.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
ef
anel
ekile
yo
enee
ngci
nga
ezim
balw
a ez
inye
zaz
o zi
khet
hiw
e.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
en
ika
ezin
ye ii
ngci
nga.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
en
ika
ezin
ye ii
ngci
nga.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
eb
hida
yo.
aku
kho
luyi
lo
lune
ntsi
ngis
elo.
Ukw
enza
um
hlat
hi
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
athu
eca
cile
yo
kway
e ef
anel
ekile
yo,
ints
haye
lelo
, isi
qu
esiv
ulay
o si
tsal
a in
gqal
elo
yom
fund
i kw
ango
ko. i
siph
elo
senz
a uk
uba
umfu
ndi
acin
ge.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
etho
eca
cile
yo,
ints
haye
lelo
, isi
qu
kuny
e ne
siph
elo.
is
ivak
alis
i esi
vula
yo
sits
ala
ingq
alel
o yo
mfu
ndi
ngok
ufan
elek
ileyo
. is
iphe
lo se
nza
ukub
a um
fund
i aci
nge.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
etho
eca
cile
yo,
ints
haye
lelo
, isiq
u ku
nye
nesip
helo
. isi
vaka
lisi e
sivul
ayo
sitsa
la in
gqal
elo
yom
fund
i efa
nele
ke
kaku
hle.
isip
helo
senz
a uk
uba
umfu
ndi a
cing
e.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
athu
, isi
qu k
unye
ne
siph
elo.
isiv
akal
isi
esiv
ulay
o ne
siph
elo
sifa
nele
kile
.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
athu
, in
tsha
yele
lo, i
siqu
ku
nye
nesi
phel
o.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
epha
kath
i kw
esib
ini
nesi
ne.
aku
kho
mih
lath
i ec
acile
yo.
Isig
ama
nokw
akhi
wa
kwez
ivak
alis
i
isin
coko
sise
benz
isa
isig
ama
esin
inzi
es
iban
zi, e
sini
ka u
mdl
a kw
aye
esic
haza
yo.
isiv
akal
isi z
ibon
isa
ingq
iqo
yoku
sebe
nzis
a iz
ango
tshe
zol
wim
i, am
abin
za k
unye
na
mag
ama.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inik
a um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. izi
vaka
lisi
zibo
nisa
ingq
iqo
efan
elek
e ka
khul
u yo
kuse
benz
isa
amab
inza
kun
ye
nam
agam
a.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inik
a um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. iz
ivak
alis
i zib
onis
a in
gqiq
o ef
anel
ekile
yo
yoku
sebe
nzis
a am
agam
a.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inik
a um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. iz
ivak
alis
i zib
onis
a in
gqiq
o ef
anel
ekile
yo
yoku
sebe
nzis
a am
agam
a.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
es
inye
isig
ama
esin
ika
umdl
a kw
aye
esic
haza
yo. i
ziva
kalis
i zi
boni
sa in
gqiq
o yo
kuse
tyen
zisw
a kw
amag
ama.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
es
inye
isig
ama
sesi
chaz
ayo.
iziv
akal
isi
zibo
nisa
ingq
iqo
ethi
le
yoku
sety
enzi
swa
kwam
agam
a.
isig
ama
siny
iniw
e.
Nga
man
ye
amax
esha
am
agam
a as
etye
nzis
wa
ngok
unga
chan
ekan
ga
kwiz
ivak
alis
i. u
kwak
hiw
a kw
eziv
akal
isi
gam
anye
am
axes
ha
akuc
hane
kang
a.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 10 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
17 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Impu
mel
elo
egqw
esay
oIm
pum
elel
o es
emag
qabi
niIm
pum
elel
o ey
anel
isay
oIm
pum
elel
o ey
anel
eyo
Impu
mel
elo
epha
kath
iim
pum
elel
o ey
inxa
le-
nye
Uku
ngap
hu-m
elel
i
7 (8
0–10
0%)
6 (7
0–79
%)
5 (6
0–69
%)
4 (5
0–59
%)
3 (4
0–49
%)
2 (3
0–39
%)
1 (0
–29%
)
Uku
yila
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
ey
ilayo
ene
engc
inga
ez
inin
zi e
ziny
e za
zo
zikh
ethi
we.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
ey
ilayo
ene
engc
inga
ez
imba
lwa
ezin
ye z
azo
zikh
ethi
we.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
ef
anel
ekile
yo
enee
ngci
nga
ezim
balw
a ez
inye
zaz
o zi
khet
hiw
e.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
en
ika
ezin
ye ii
ngci
nga.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
en
ika
ezin
ye ii
ngci
nga.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
eb
hida
yo.
aku
kho
luyi
lo
lune
ntsi
ngis
elo.
Ukw
enza
um
hlat
hi
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
athu
eca
cile
yo
kway
e ef
anel
ekile
yo,
ints
haye
lelo
, isi
qu
esiv
ulay
o si
tsal
a in
gqal
elo
yom
fund
i kw
ango
ko. i
siph
elo
senz
a uk
uba
umfu
ndi
acin
ge.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
etho
eca
cile
yo,
ints
haye
lelo
, isi
qu
kuny
e ne
siph
elo.
is
ivak
alis
i esi
vula
yo
sits
ala
ingq
alel
o yo
mfu
ndi
ngok
ufan
elek
ileyo
. is
iphe
lo se
nza
ukub
a um
fund
i aci
nge.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
etho
eca
cile
yo,
ints
haye
lelo
, isiq
u ku
nye
nesip
helo
. isi
vaka
lisi e
sivul
ayo
sitsa
la in
gqal
elo
yom
fund
i efa
nele
ke
kaku
hle.
isip
helo
senz
a uk
uba
umfu
ndi a
cing
e.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
athu
, isi
qu k
unye
ne
siph
elo.
isiv
akal
isi
esiv
ulay
o ne
siph
elo
sifa
nele
kile
.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
athu
, in
tsha
yele
lo, i
siqu
ku
nye
nesi
phel
o.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
epha
kath
i kw
esib
ini
nesi
ne.
aku
kho
mih
lath
i ec
acile
yo.
Isig
ama
nokw
akhi
wa
kwez
ivak
alis
i
isin
coko
sise
benz
isa
isig
ama
esin
inzi
es
iban
zi, e
sini
ka u
mdl
a kw
aye
esic
haza
yo.
isiv
akal
isi z
ibon
isa
ingq
iqo
yoku
sebe
nzis
a iz
ango
tshe
zol
wim
i, am
abin
za k
unye
na
mag
ama.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inik
a um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. izi
vaka
lisi
zibo
nisa
ingq
iqo
efan
elek
e ka
khul
u yo
kuse
benz
isa
amab
inza
kun
ye
nam
agam
a.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inik
a um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. iz
ivak
alis
i zib
onis
a in
gqiq
o ef
anel
ekile
yo
yoku
sebe
nzis
a am
agam
a.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inik
a um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. iz
ivak
alis
i zib
onis
a in
gqiq
o ef
anel
ekile
yo
yoku
sebe
nzis
a am
agam
a.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
es
inye
isig
ama
esin
ika
umdl
a kw
aye
esic
haza
yo. i
ziva
kalis
i zi
boni
sa in
gqiq
o yo
kuse
tyen
zisw
a kw
amag
ama.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
es
inye
isig
ama
sesi
chaz
ayo.
iziv
akal
isi
zibo
nisa
ingq
iqo
ethi
le
yoku
sety
enzi
swa
kwam
agam
a.
isig
ama
siny
iniw
e.
Nga
man
ye
amax
esha
am
agam
a as
etye
nzis
wa
ngok
unga
chan
ekan
ga
kwiz
ivak
alis
i. u
kwak
hiw
a kw
eziv
akal
isi
gam
anye
am
axes
ha
akuc
hane
kang
a.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 10 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
18I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 2 • i V E k i Y E s i 5 – 6
Zininzi izifo esithi sibe nazo kodwa isifo ugawulayo uthathe indawo, kwaye uyabulala. Kukho izifo ezithi zithathe amathuba xa unesifo ugawulayo, ezifana nokudumba amadlala, isifo somlomo, isifo sengqondo, isifosesikhumbanjalonjalo.Esisifouthiukuzeubenasowosulelekengokwabelanangesondoungazikhuselanga.Leiseyeyonandlelainkqenkqezaphambili. Zikho nezinye ezifana nokusebenzisa inaliti ibihlaba umntu onesi sifo nentsholongane yaso.
Abafundi baza kuchaza ukuba umntu ophila nesifo ugawulayo usela iipilisi zokuthomalalisa esi sifo.
Iveki yesi-5–6
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqondaIndlela yokufundisa• Yalelaabafundiukubabavaleiincwadizabouzewanduleufunde
isicatshulwa esisencwadini yabo kabini.• Bethelelakwezondawoofunaukubabaziqaphele.• Ungaxoxangentsingiseloyesicatshulwaphambikokubaabafundi
baphendule imibuzo ebuziweyo.• Ukuzelomsebenzikubelulaukuwenzaungaziteyipaphambikokuba
uwenze lo msebenzi.• Ekuziteyipenikwakhoqaphelaukubailizwilakholivakalakakuhlekwaye
bonkeabafundibakuvangokufanayo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: a) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.b) Yamkelanayiphiintlokoephuhlisaokuthethwasisicatshulwa.Nazi
ezinye zazo: Uninzi luza kubulawa sisifo ugawulayo. Kusekho abantuabangakholelwayo kwesi sifo. Intsholongwane kagawulayo ayikhawuleziyenze isifo ugawulayo.
c) Ugawulayoluxanduvalukarhulumente.Baninziabantuabazakubulawangugawulayo.
d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Uvavanyo lokuqondaUkufundela ukuqonda: Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayoIndlela yokuqhutywa kwesifundo• Chazelaabafundiukubaimifanekisosesinyesesixhoboesithi
sinxibelelane ngaso. Imifanekiso inento eyithethayo. Uyakwaziukufumanisa ukuba ibali liza kuthetha ngantoni kwaye liza kuqhubekalithini ngenxa yokujonga nokuhlalutya imifanekiso ephambi kwakho.
IKOTA YOKU-1
Isahluko sesi-2: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 11 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
19 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
• Kubalulekilekengokoukubaxasifundanokokubasifundantonisiyiqaphele imifanekiso kuba inento esixelela yona.
• Wuqaliselomsebenzingokobabonisanawuphiumfanekisoonawoeklasiniyakho. Xoxani ngomfanekiso lowo. Abafundi mabanike intsingiseloyomfanekiso. Ungakwenza oku ude uqiniseke ukuba abafundi bayalandela.Ukanti nabo banganika imizekelo yemifanekiso abanayo.
• Ungasebenzisaimifanekisoekwiimagazininakumaphepha-ndabaukuphuhlisa isakhono sokutolika imifanekiso.Xa belandela abafundi mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.Abo bazithandelayo bangafunda umsebenzi wabo. Makuxoxwengeempendulo ezinikwa ngabafundi. Xa kusenziwa oku makunikweingxeloeyakhayonovakalelokwiimvakalelozomfundi.
Nantsi impendulo elindelekileyo:Zininziiimpenduloeziyakuzanabafundi.Yamkelanayiphiephuhlisaumfanekiso:a) Apha sibona umntu ogula kakhulu ongakwazi kuzenzela ntoni.b) Uyabonakala ukuba iintlungu ziyamtya.c) Umama wakhe okanye isizalwane siyamombathisa kakuhle njengoko
kubonakala ukuba yena akanakuzenzela nto.d) Sibonaumfanyanaophetheibhotilekunyenekomityi.e) Kule bhotile kusenokuba kukho iyeza okanye isiselo esinika amandla.f ) Kucacile ukuba lo akanakuzenzela nto njengoko kukho nombambele
ibhotile kunye nekomityi.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukufunda nokubukela
Iimpawu zenoveliUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaisimosentlalo,ulwimilombhalinonxunguphalonabafundi.
Yenzaumzekelongencwadiabayaziyoesekhebayifundangaphambili.Xa belandela funda kunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo uze uthatheimpawu nganye ngexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Mabaphenduleumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Thathaiincwadizabouzikorekishengokwakho.Kodwaukubauyathanda kungaxoxwa ngeempendulo ezinikwe ngabafundi.
• Shwankathelalomsebenzingokubanikaeyonampenduloiyiyo.• Khumbulaukubakuncwadiakukhompenduloechanekileyo
nengachanekanga. Okubalulekileyo kukuba abafundi bayakwaziukuzixhasa ngencwadi nxa bexoxa ngomsebenzi abawunikiweyo.
• Bethelelakuboukubaxabehlalutyaincwadimabazixhasengokubhalweencwadinikangangoko.Bafundisenokucaphulaiindawoezithileencwadini xa bezixhasa.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 12 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
20I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 2 • i V E k i Y E s i 5 – 6
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Ukubhala ingxeloImihlathi: Ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagazini
Indlela yokufundisa• Ungabuzaabafundiukubayintoniumahlukophakathikwentetho
nengxelo.• Ukubaabawaziungabaxelela.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeubayaleleukubabenze
umzekelo wengxelo engamiselwanga/engekho sikweni.• Bachazeleyintoniumahlukophakathikwengxeloemiselweyo
nengamiselwanga.• Ingxeloengamiselwangayileyouyinikangomlomo,umhlawumbi
ubuye entlanganisweni ngoku unika abo bebekuthumele ingxelo yokobekuxoxwa entlanganisweni.
• Ingxeloemiselweyoiyabhalwakwayekwezinyekufunekawenzenophando ukuze ukwazi ukunika iingcebiso nezindululo.
• Xoxaningomzekelowengxeloobhalweencwadiniyabafundi.• Bethelelakubafundiukubaingxeloinezihlokwanangezihlokwana.
Phantsi kwesihlokwana ngasinye kukho ulwazi ekufuneka lubhaliwe.Umxholo ophantsi kwesihlokwana kufuneka uhambelane nesihlokwanaeso sibhaliweyo.
• Elilixeshalokokubauboneiziphosoezenziwangabafundiezifananokupelwa kwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelwanisa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.
• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.Xakulungiswaeziziphoso,mana ufunda kunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.
• Umfundimakahlaziyeuyilolwakhengengxeloayifumenekuwenakumalungu eklasi.
• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo,
makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.• Korekishaumsebenziwabafundingalerubrikhi.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 13 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
21 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
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dla.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 14 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
22I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 2 • i V E k i Y E s i 7 – 8
Iveki yesi-7–8
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ukwenza incokoIncoko yababiniIndlela yokufundisa• Chazelaabafundiukubaxaunencokonentangayakhokwahlukilekunaxa
unencoko nomzali. Ukanti naxa unencoko nalowo unewonga kunaweincoko yenu yahlukile.
• Xausenzaincokokufunekakusetyenzisweisigamaesihambelananencoko leyo.
• Unganikaisihlokoesithandwanguwesizeisibinisenzeincokongasookanye ungabayalela ukuba benze incoko ngezihloko ezikhethwe ngabo.
• Hlulaabafundibabengababini.• Banikeithubalokucwangisaumsebenziwabo.• Xaabafundibencokolaqwalaselaukubabasebenzisaulwimi
olufanelekileyo nolusulungekileyo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Ngalolonkeixeshabesenzaiziphoso,balungisekwangokoukuzebaqhele
ukusetyenziswa kwegrama.• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigama
esihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athetha ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.
• Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyhenebaokanye ufumanise ukuba ezo aziniki ntsingiselo koko kuthethwayo.
• Isigamaesikhethwengokuchanekileyosiyakwaziukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi
• Nikaumfundingamnyeithubalokuthetha.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuphuhlisa isigamaUkufundela ukuqonda: Ukuphuhlisa isigama – amagama emboleko, izihlonipho, amaqhalo nezaci, isinye nesininzi, izifinyezo noonobumba bokuqala begama, amahlumela
Indlela yokufundisa• Chazelaabafundiukubaisigamasibalulekekakhuluekubhaleni
nasekuthetheni. Isigama siso esithi sityebise ulwimi lwethu.• Ukuthethangezangotsheezithilenokuchongaamagamaxauthetha
okanye ubhala, oko kunika umdla kulowo uthetha naye.• Isigamakufunekasisetyenziswengendlelaefanelekileyoukuzeoko
ukuthethayo okanye ukubhalayo kungabi namdintsi netyheneba.
1. Amagama emboleko• Thethamalunganamagamaathiabolekwekwezinyeiilwimi.• Amanyesiwabolekakubasingenaloelogamakolwethuulwimi
ukanti ngamanye amaxesha sinalo koko sikhulisa ulwimi lwethu.• Ungabanikaumzekeloubemnyeuzeuchazeukubaelogama
libolekwe kweliphi igama kwaye koluphi ulwimi.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 15 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
23 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
• Abafundimabanikeeyabaoimizekelo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeyaboimizekelo.Xa
belandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
2. Izihlonipho• ChazelaabafundiukubakwintlaloyakwaXhosakukhoiimekoapho
kufuneka amagama athile engabizwanga. Umzekelo, abakhwethakukho amagama abangawabizyo ukanti nomendi kukho amagamaangawabiziyo.
• Konkekeokukunegaleloekukhuliseniulwimi.Fundanabafundiulwazi olusencwadini yabo. Xoxani ngolu lwazi.
• Mabakunikeeyaboimizekelo.Mabenzeizivakalisieziphuhlisaukuba bayayazi intsingiselo yala magama bawanikezeleyo. Mabenzeumsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
3. Amaqhalo nezaci• ChazelaabafundiukubaobububutyebibentethoisisiXhosa.
Amaqhalo nezaci anonga oko uthetha ngako ngezangotshe ezithileothi uzisebenzise.
• Abafundimabakunikeamaqhaloabawaziyonentsingiselozawo.• Ukubauyathandaungathimabenzeizivakalisiukuphuhlisaukuba
bayayazi intsingiselo yawo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeyaboimizekeloyemvelaphi
yamaqhaloabawaziyo.Ukubaabayaziimvelaphiyamaqhalonezaciungabanika umsebenzi wasekhaya okanye bayokuphanda kwiithalaleencwadi nakubantu abadala abawaziyo la maqhalo nezaci.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Abafundibangenzaumsebenziosencwadini yabo.
4. Isinye nesininzi• Ukubauyathanda,ungabuyelakumahleloezibizouzeuchazele
abafundi amahlelo azizininzi nalawo azizinye zamanye.• Banikeizicatshulwaezininziekuqhelisenilomsebenzi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabonizenixoxengalo.
mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.• Umfundiozithandelayoangabhalaebhodiniiimpendulozakhe.• Xakunikwaingxelokumsebenziwomfundimakwenziweoko
ngovelwanonangokwakhayo.
5. Izifinyezo noonobumba bokuqala begama (Akhronim)• Fundaulwaziolusencwadinikunyenabafundi.Banikeeyakho
imizekelo.• Ukantinabomabakunikeeyabo.Uyakothukaukubabanolwazi
oluphangaleleyo ngezifinyezo kunye nokusetyenziswa koonobumbabokuqala bamagama.
• Ukusetyenziswakoonobumbabokuqalabamagamayintoexhaphakekakhulu kweli loMzantsi Afrika.
6. Amahlumela• Chazelaabafundiukubaulwimialumangandawonye,luyakhula.
Ekukhulenikwalo,iintsingiselozamagamaentsusaziyajikazibeyenyeintsingiselo.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 16 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
24I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 2 • i V E k i Y E s i 7 – 8
• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeyaboimizekelokwayebenzeizivakalisi
ukubonisa ukuba bayayazi intsingiselo yamagama.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:1. a) Inkomo ihlinzwa cala-nye – kulawulwa gadalala ngabo basemagunyeni.
b) Inkomo yenqoma yintsengw’ ibheka – kufuneka ulumke xausebenzisa into engeyoyakho kuba awazi ukuba umniniyoangayithatha nini.
c) Indoda engenamalusi iinkomo zayo zaluswa yintengu – umntungamnye makazilungiselele entweni yakhe hleze azibone esengxakini.
d) Indoda engenankomo ayibazi ubuhlanti – ihlwempu alinaxabisokwaXhosa.(i) Ibhasi- bus – kwisiNgesi ngokufakelwa isimaphambili sesibizo.(ii) Ukubamb’ isisila sehobe – ukuthenjiswa into engekhoyo.(iii) Intaka yakha ngoboya benye – ukuncedana(iv) Ukuzicandel’umgalagala.
2. a) AIDS–AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeb) SAB–SouthAfricanBreweriesc) Nksz – Nkosikazid) HIV–HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus
3. a) Kufana nokuba ungasebenzisa imoto enye okanye ibhasi enyenomntu onesi sifo.
b) Masiyeke ukumchwethela kude umntu onesi sifo.4. a) Imvotho-amanzi
b) Ibalela- ilangac) Intusi – ubisi
5. Naziphiizivakalisieziphuhlisaezintsingiselo:a) Usiba – sisixhobo sokubhala
USosiba–ngunobhalawesebelaseburhulumentenib) Iindaba ziingongoma zencoko okanye zamaphepha-ndaba
Unondaba yintatheli yeendaba kumaphepha-ndaba neradiyo njalo njaloc) Itheko – umsitho owenziwayo
USotheko–lowowenzelwaumsithod) Ummeli – ngulowo ongumthetheleli okanye othatha indawo yothile
UMmeli lilungu lorhulumente othile eliye kumela yena kwingingqi ethile.Ngumlomo karhulumente apho.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: izimaphambili, izinciphiso, isimamva u-kaziIndlela yokufundisa1. Isimaphambili
• Hlaziyaizimaphambilikunyenabafundi.Bachazeleukubaisimaphambili sibaluleke kakhulu kulwimi lwesiXhosa.
• Fundaulwaziolusencwadinikunyenabo• Benzeleumzekeloubemnyeaphoisimaphambilisithisiguqulekhona
intsingiseloyesiqu.Banikeiingcambuokanyeiziquezininziuzeubayalele ukuba bafakele izimaphambili ezahlukeneyo kwigama elo.
• BachazeleukubangaphandlekwesisekelosesibizoizivumelanisiazikhoesiXhoseni.Zibalulekekakhuluizivumelanisikubazizoezenzauvumelwanokwizivakalisi.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 17 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
25 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
• ChazelaabafundiukubaamagamaesiXhosaahlelwangokwamahleloyiyo loo nto sinezimaphambili ezili-17 kodwa isimaphambili sehlelo16 sakha izihlomelo.
• Xabeqondamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.2. Isinciphiso
• Hlaziyaizinciphisokunyenabafundibakho.Baboniseukubaisinciphiso siyayiguqula intsingiselo yengcambu.
• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundikunyenabafundi.• Bayalelebakunikeeyaboimizekelo.• Thethangemisebenziyesinciphiso.Bachazeleukubakufuneka
beyazile ukuba isinciphiso eso sisetyenziselwe ntoni kwisicatshulwa.• Mabakunikeeyaboimizekelo.Xabeqondamabenzeumsebenzi
osencwadini yabo.3. Isimamva u-kazi
• Hlaziyaisimamvau-kazi nabafundi.• Fundaniulwaziolusencwadinibazeabafundibakunikeeyabo
imizekelo.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Umntu,isintu,uluntu,ubuntu.Izivakalisizabafundimaziphuhlise
intsingiselo yala magama.b) Abantwana – ubuncinane ngokuzalwa.c) Ubonisa isandiso.d) Aba-, um-, um-.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukufunda nokubukela
Uncwadi – Iimpawu zesihobeUfundo loncwadi
Indlela yokufundisa• Lomsebenziungawuqalisangokufundelaabafundinawuphiumhobeolula.
Lomhobeungawubhalaephephenielikhuluuzeuwuxhomeebhodinixauthethangawo.Qalauwufundeuzeubuzekubafundiukubawakhiwenjani.Ukuba abakwazi kuphendula bachazele indlela esakhiwa ngayo isihobe.
• Isihobesakhiwangokwezintlungezintlu,umqoloulandeleomnye,ikakhulu ulingane nangobude.
• EsinyeisihobeesamkeleifuthelaseNtshonasithisibenamagamaalinganayo ngenani kwimiqolo eyenza isitanza ngabula bona. Kuboniseoku ngokukhomba kumhobe ophambi kwakho.
• Ungathinabomabachazeisakhiwosemihobeabayaziyo.Chazelaabafundi ukuba umbhali xa ebhala usebenzisa amagama athileukugqithisa umyalezo wakhe nokwakha imifanekiso-ntelekelelo.
• Chazelaabafundiukubaimihobeyahlulweyabaziindidingeendidi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Makuxoxwengolulwazi
kwaye kwenziwe eminye imizekelo ukongeza kuleyo inikwe encwadiniyabo. Xa ubona ukuba abafundi bayalandela ungabanika umhotyanaomfutshane ubacele ukuba banike isakhiwo somhobe kunye nohlobolomhobe lowo. Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka njengoko umfundieza kukhetha umhobe othandwe nguye.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 18 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
26I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 2 • i V E k i Y E s i 7 – 8
Umsebenzi wesi-5 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Ukubhala incoko yababini Imihlathi: Intetho/Incoko yababini/Udliwano-ndlebe
Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyanabafundiukubayintoniincokokwayekufunekauthethe
njani kwincoko.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Lubetheleleolulwazi
ngokwenza imizekelo eliqela.• Bayaleleukubamababhaleuyilolwabolokuqala.Oluyilomalufundwe
eklasini. Umfundi makafunde uyilo lwakhe.• Elilixeshalokokubakulungisweiziphoso,ulwimiolusetyenziswa
ngumfundi,imigaqoyegramaethiivumelane.Ulwimialusebenzisayoumfundi luza kuxomekeka kuhlobo lwencoko leyo ibhalwayo kwayeingaba incoko leyo ijolise koobani iyintoni injongo yayo.
• Umfundimakahlaziyeuyilolwakhengengxeloayifumenekuwenakumalungu eklasi.
• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.Lomsebenziusenokuwuhlolangerubrikhiyokuhlolaizincoko.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 19 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
27 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Zininzi izinto eziyinxalenye yenkcubeko yomntu. Ulwimi, umculo, amasiko nesithethe yenkcubeko yonke leyo. Xa singayazi inkcubeko yethu asizazi ukubasingoobani.Ukuyakwamanyeamazwekusivulaingqondokwayesibona neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo esithi sikwazi ukuzithelekisa neyethu.
Apha sibona umXhosakazi ephethe umrhubhe eziculela ingoma ethandwa nguye.
Iveki ye-9–10
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Intetho engalungiselelwangaIndlela yokufundisa• Chazelaabafundiukubaintethoyahlukilekwingxelookanyekwincoko.
Ungababuza ukuba zahluke njani.• Chazelaabafundiukubayintoniumahlukophakathikwentetho
elungiselelweyo nentetho engalungiselelwanga.• Unganikaisihlokoesithandwanguweuzeuyaleleabafundiukubabenze
intetho ngesihloko eso.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeimizekeloeliqela.• Xaabafundibezakwenzaintethobanikeithubalokuphandabanzi
ngesihloko abaza kuthethela phezu kwaso. Njengokuba kungekhomathala eencwadi kwezinye iindawo, abafundi bangabuza kwabanyeabafundi, kootitshala babo kunye nakubazali babo nakwabanye abantuabanolwazi kwingingqi yabo.
• Qwalaselaindlelaabalusebenzisangayoulwimi.Kufunekaabafundibaqhele ukusebenzisa ulwimi olusulungekileyo nolufanele imekoolusetyenziswa phantsi kwayo.
• Khumbuzaabafundiukubaukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzengokunjaloukubaisivakalisiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezide ubanazo xa uthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.
IKOTA YOKU-1
Isahluko sesi-3: Ukhenketho nenkcubeko
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 20 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
28I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 3 • i V E k i Y E - 9 – 1 0
• Khumbuzaabafundiukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzi,naphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
• Bakhumbuzeukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Hlolaintethongalerubrikhiilandelayo.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 21 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
29 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Impu
mel
elo
egqw
esay
o Im
pum
elel
o es
emag
qabi
ni
Impu
mel
elo
eyan
elis
ayo
Impu
mel
elo
eyan
eley
o Im
pum
elel
o ep
haka
thi
Impu
mel
elo
eyin
xale
nye
Uku
ngap
hum
elel
i
7 (8
0–10
0%)
6 (7
0–79
%)
5 (6
0–69
%)
4 (5
0–59
%)
3 (4
0–49
%2
(30–
39%
)1
(0–2
9%)
Um
xhol
o no
kuyi
lais
ithet
hi s
enze
iin
gong
oma
ezin
tath
u ez
ahlu
kene
yo,
ezic
acile
yo k
way
e ez
inom
dla
kakh
ulu.
isith
ethi
sen
ze ii
ngon
gom
a ez
inta
thu
ezah
luke
neyo
, ez
icac
ileyo
kw
aye
ezin
omdl
a.
isith
ethi
sen
ze
iingo
ngom
a ez
inta
thu
ezic
acile
yo.
isith
ethi
sen
ze
iingo
ngom
a ez
inta
thu.
isith
ethi
sen
se
iingo
ngom
a ez
ipha
kath
i kw
esib
ini n
esih
lanu
, ez
ingo
hluk
anga
en
ye k
wen
ye
isith
ethi
sith
i si
kwen
ye
ingo
ngom
a si
be
sikw
enye
.
isith
ethi
as
inik
anga
nan
ye
ingo
ngom
a ec
acile
yo
Um
xhol
ois
ithet
hi s
icac
ise
ingo
ngom
a ng
anye
en
okuq
ondw
a ng
okuf
anel
ekile
yo
kway
e ab
aphu
laph
uli
bang
ayin
xulu
man
isa
koko
kuc
hazw
ayo
isith
ethi
sic
acis
e in
gong
oma
ngan
ye
enok
uqon
dwa
ngok
ufan
elek
ileyo
kw
aye
abap
hula
phul
i ba
ngay
inxu
lum
anis
a ko
ko
kuch
azw
ayo
isith
ethi
sic
acis
e in
gong
oma
ngan
ye
enok
uqon
dwa
ngok
ufan
elek
ileyo
kw
aye
abap
hula
phul
i ba
ngay
inxu
lum
anis
a ko
ko
kuch
azw
ayo
isith
ethi
sic
acis
e in
gong
oma
ngan
ye u
k uze
ibe
noku
qond
wa.
isith
ethi
sic
acis
e in
gong
oma.
isith
ethi
kha
nge
sica
cise
nan
ye
ingo
ngom
a.
isith
ethi
kha
nge
sica
cise
nan
ye
ingo
ngom
a.
Uku
jong
a ab
antu
is
ithet
hi s
ijong
e ng
okuf
anel
ekile
yo
amal
ungu
ahl
uken
eyo
abab
ukel
i. u
baba
ndak
anyi
le
abap
hula
phul
i kok
o eb
ekut
heth
a.
isith
ethi
sijo
nge
ngok
ufan
elek
iley o
am
alun
gu a
hluk
eney
o ab
aphu
laph
uli
isith
ethi
sijo
nge
amal
ungu
aba
phul
aphu
liis
ithet
hi s
izam
ile
ukuj
onga
am
alun
gu
abap
hula
phul
i
aph
a na
phay
a is
ithet
hi s
izam
ile
ukuj
onga
am
alun
gu
abap
hula
phul
i.
isith
ethi
sijo
nge
phez
u kw
eent
loko
za
baph
ulap
huli/
kum
acw
ecw
e ak
he.
khan
ge a
zam
e na
kany
e uk
ujon
ga
phez
ulu.
isith
ethi
sijo
nge
phez
u kw
eent
loko
za
baph
ulap
huli/
kum
acw
ecw
e ak
he
Uku
sety
enzi
swa
kwam
acw
ecw
e az
izal
athi
so
isith
ethi
sis
eben
zise
am
acw
ecw
e az
izal
athi
so
ukuz
ikhu
mbu
za.
isith
ethi
siw
aseb
enzi
se
ngok
ukha
wul
eza
nang
okuz
ithem
ba
amac
wec
we
isith
ethi
sis
eben
zise
am
acw
ecw
e az
izal
athi
so
ukuz
ikhu
mbu
za.
sikh
ange
le ii
ngon
gom
a ku
phel
a. is
ithet
hi
siw
aseb
enzi
se
ngok
ukha
wul
eza
nang
okuz
ithem
ba
amac
wec
we
isith
ethi
sis
eben
zise
am
acw
ecw
e az
izal
athi
so
ukuz
ikhu
mbu
za.
isith
ethi
siw
aseb
enzi
se
nang
okuz
ithem
ba
amac
wec
we
isith
ethi
sis
eben
zise
am
acw
ecw
e. is
ithet
hi
siw
aseb
enzi
se
nang
okuz
ithem
ba
amac
wec
we
isith
ethi
sis
eben
zise
am
acw
ecw
e az
izal
athi
so
amat
huba
aliq
ela
kway
e sa
fum
ana
ubun
zim
a ek
ufum
anen
i in
daw
o ya
so.
isith
ethi
sijo
nge
kum
acw
ecw
e ix
esha
elin
inzi
. o
ku k
upha
zam
ise
abap
hula
phul
i
isith
ethi
sifu
nde
kum
acw
ecw
e
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 22 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
30I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 3 • i V E k i Y E - 9 – 1 0
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukubhala isishwankatheloUkubhala isishwankathelo
Indlela yokufundisa• Fundanabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Cazululaniisishwankatheloesingezantsinizenixoxengaso.• Nikaabafundiizicatshulwaeziliqelabazebazishwankathele
ngokwamaqela.• Xaubonaukubabayalandelabangenzaumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Sebenzisalerubrikhixauhlolalomsebenzi.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 23 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
31 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Impu
mel
elo
egqw
esay
o Im
pum
elel
o es
emag
qabi
ni
Impu
mel
elo
eyan
elis
ayo
Impu
mel
elo
eyan
eley
o Im
pum
elel
o ep
haka
thi
Impu
mel
elo
eyin
xale
nye
Uku
ngap
hum
elel
i
7 (8
0–10
0%)
6 (7
0–79
%)
5 (6
0–69
%)
4 (5
0–59
%)
3 (4
0–49
%2
(30–
39%
)1
(0–2
9%)
Iingc
inga
ez
ipha
mbi
li/ez
ingu
ndoq
o
Zonk
e iin
gcin
ga
ezip
ham
bili
ziqu
kiw
e.
Zonk
e iin
kcuk
acha
ez
inga
balu
leka
nga
zish
iyiw
e.
Zonk
e iin
gcin
ga
ezip
ham
bili
ziqu
kiw
e. P
hant
se
zonk
e iin
kcuk
acha
ez
inga
balu
leka
nga
zish
iyiw
e.
Phan
tse
zonk
e iin
gcin
ga e
ziph
ambi
li zi
quki
we.
Pha
ntse
zo
nke
iinkc
ukac
ha
ezin
gaba
lule
kang
a zi
shiy
iwe.
Ezin
ye z
eeng
cing
a ez
ipha
mbi
li zi
quki
we.
kuk
ho
ezin
ye ii
nkcu
kach
a ez
inga
balu
leka
nga.
Ezin
ye z
eeng
cing
a ez
ipha
mbi
li zi
quki
we.
kuk
ho
iinkc
ukac
ha e
zini
nzi
ezin
gaba
lule
kang
a.
iingc
inga
ezi
pham
bili
aziq
ukw
anga
. kuk
ho
iinkc
ukac
ha e
zini
nzi
ezin
gaba
lule
kang
a
aku
kho
mah
luko
ph
akat
hi
kwee
ngci
nga
ezip
ham
bili
nenk
cuka
cha
ezin
gaba
lule
kang
a
Ukw
akhi
wa
kwez
ivak
alis
iiz
ivak
alis
i zak
hiw
e ka
kuhl
e ka
khul
u kw
aye
zenz
a in
tsin
gise
lo.
iziv
akal
isi z
akhi
we
kaku
hle
kway
e ze
nza
ints
ingi
selo
.
iziv
akal
isi z
akhi
we
kaku
hle
kway
e ze
nza
ints
ingi
selo
.
uni
nzi l
wez
ivak
alis
i za
khiw
e ka
kuhl
e kw
aye
zenz
a in
tsin
gise
lo.
Ezin
ye iz
ivak
alis
i za
khiw
e ka
kuhl
e.iz
ivak
alis
i ezi
ninz
i az
igqi
tyw
anga
kw
aye
azen
zi n
tsin
gise
lo.
iziv
akal
isi a
zenz
i nt
sing
isel
o.
Inan
i lam
agam
ais
ishw
anka
thel
o si
nam
agam
a am
balw
a ku
nang
apha
mbi
li on
ke a
chon
giw
e ap
ho k
ufan
elek
ileyo
. a
mab
inza
asu
swe
ngam
agam
a ak
heth
we
ngok
ufan
elek
ileyo
. in
ani e
licha
neki
leyo
la
mag
ama
aset
yenz
isiw
e.
isis
hwan
kath
elo
sina
mag
ama
amba
lwa
kuna
ngap
ham
bili.
a
pho
kufa
nele
kile
yo.
am
abin
za a
susw
e ng
amag
ama
akhe
thw
e ng
okuf
anel
ekile
yo.
inan
i elic
hane
kile
yo
lam
agam
a as
etye
nzis
iwe.
isis
hwan
kath
elo
sina
mag
ama
amba
lwa
kuna
ngap
ham
bili.
a
man
ye a
mab
inza
as
usw
e ng
amag
ama
akhe
thw
e ng
okuf
anel
ekile
yo.
inan
i elic
hane
kile
yo
lam
agam
a as
etye
nzis
iwe.
isis
hwan
kath
elo
sina
mag
ama
amba
lwa
kuna
ngap
ham
bili.
a
man
ye a
mab
inza
as
usw
e ng
amag
ama
akhe
thw
e ng
okuf
anel
ekile
yo.
inan
i elic
hane
kile
yo
lam
agam
a as
etye
nzis
iwe.
isis
hwan
kath
elo
sina
mag
ama
anga
phez
ulw
ana/
anga
phan
tsi
kuna
funw
ayo.
isis
hwan
kath
elo
siqu
ka a
mag
ama
anga
phez
ulw
ana/
anga
phan
tsi
kuna
funw
ayo.
um
fund
i use
benz
ise
amag
ama
amba
lwa/
aman
inzi
kak
hulu
.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 24 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
32I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 3 • i V E k i Y E - 9 – 1 0
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ufunda nokubhala
Ufundo loncwadi: Iimpawu zesihobeIndlela yokufundisa• Qhubekanokufundisaiindidizesihobe.Sebenzisaimizekeloyemihobe
esele beyenzile abafundi kumabanga adlulileyo okanye ungasebenzisanayiphi incwadi yemihobe ekhoyo eklasini yakho.
• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Makuxoxwengolulwazikwaye kwenziwe eminye imizekelo ukongeza kuleyo inikwe encwadini yabo.
• Fundakunyenaboindlelaumhobeohlalutywangayo.Fundaniumzekeloeniwunikiweyo.
• Xaubonaukubaabafundibayalandela,ungabanikaumhotyanaomfutshane kwincwadi abayalathelweyo baze bahlalutye umhobe lowongendlela ohlalutywa ngayo umhobe.
• Khumbulaukubaakukhompenduloechanekileyonengachanekangakuncwadi. Okubalulekileyo abafundi bayakwazi ukuzixhasa ngokokubhalwe ngumbhali.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Ukubhala ingxoxo Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakwengxoxokunyenabafundi.Ungabanikaithuba
lokuba benze ingxoxo emfutshane.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazi.• Bayaleleabafundiukubamababhaleuyilolwabolokuqalabesebenzisa
imephu yengqondo azenzele yona umfundi. Olu yilo malufundweeklasini. Umfundi makafunde uyilo lwakhe.
• Elilixeshalokokubakulungisweiziphoso,ulwimiolusetyenziswangumfundi,imigaqoyegramaethiivumelane.Ulwimialusebenzisayoumfundi luza kuxomekeka kuhlobo lwengxoxo ayibhalayo. Kufunekaazile ukuba ingxoxo le ijolise koobani kwaye yintoni injongo yayo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagama athi enze intsingiselo. Ukunamathelana nokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwa njani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 25 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
33 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezazi namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Umfundimakahlaziyeuyilolwakhengengxeloayifumenekuwenakumalungu eklasi.
• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.Hlolalomsebenzingalerubrikhiilandelayo.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 26 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
34I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 3 • i V E k i Y E - 9 – 1 0
Impu
mel
elo
egqw
esay
o Im
pum
elel
o es
emag
qabi
ni
Impu
mel
elo
eyan
elis
ayo
Impu
mel
elo
eyan
eley
oIm
pum
elel
o ep
haka
thi
impu
mel
elo
eyin
xale
nye
Uku
ngap
hum
elel
i
7 (8
0–10
0%)
6 (7
0–79
%)
5 (6
0–69
%)
4 (5
0–59
%)
3 (4
0–49
%)
2 (3
0–39
%)
1 (0
–29%
)
Uku
yila
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
ey
ilayo
ene
engc
inga
ez
inin
zi e
ziny
e za
zo
zikh
ethi
we
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
ey
ilayo
ene
engc
inga
ez
imba
lwa
ezin
ye z
azo
zikh
ethi
we
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
ef
anel
ekile
yo
enee
ngci
nga
ezim
balw
a ez
inye
zaz
o zi
khet
hiw
e.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
en
ika
ezin
ye ii
ngci
nga.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
en
ika
ezin
ye ii
ngci
nga.
uku
yila
kuq
uka
imep
hu y
engq
ondo
eb
hida
yo
aku
kho
luyi
lo
lune
ntsi
ngis
elo
Ukw
enza
um
hlat
hi
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
athu
eca
cile
yo
kway
e ef
anel
ekile
yo,
ints
haye
lelo
, isi
qu
esiv
ulay
o si
tsal
a in
gqal
elo
yom
fund
i kw
ango
ko. i
siph
elo
senz
a uk
uba
umfu
ndi
acin
ge.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
etho
eca
cile
yo,
ints
haye
lelo
, isi
qu
kuny
e ne
siph
elo.
is
ivak
alis
i esi
vula
yo
sits
ala
ingq
alel
o yo
mfu
ndi
ngok
ufan
elek
ileyo
. is
iphe
lo s
enza
uku
ba
umfu
ndi a
cing
e.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
etho
eca
cile
yo,
ints
haye
lelo
, isi
qu
kuny
e ne
siph
elo.
is
ivak
alis
i esi
vula
yo
sits
ala
ingq
alel
o yo
mfu
ndi e
fane
leke
ka
kuhl
e. is
iphe
lo
senz
a uk
uba
umfu
ndi
acin
ge
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
athu
, isi
qu k
unye
ne
siph
elo.
isiv
akal
isi
esiv
ulay
o ne
siph
elo
sifa
nele
kile
.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
emith
athu
, in
tsha
yele
lo, i
siqu
ku
nye
nesi
phel
o.
kukh
o im
ihla
thi
epha
kath
i kw
esib
ini
nesi
ne
aku
kho
mih
lath
i ec
acile
yo
Isig
ama
nokw
akhi
wa
kwez
ivak
alis
i
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inin
zi
esib
anzi
esi
nika
um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. is
ivak
alis
i zib
onis
a in
gqiq
o yo
kuse
benz
isa
izan
gots
he z
olw
imi,
amab
inza
kun
ye
nam
agm
a
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inik
a um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. izi
vaka
lisi
zibo
nisa
ingq
iqo
efan
elek
e ka
khul
u yo
kuse
benz
isa
amab
inza
kun
ye
nam
agam
a.
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inik
a um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. iz
ivak
alis
i zib
onis
a in
gqiq
o ef
anel
ekile
yo
yoku
sebe
nzis
a am
agam
a
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
is
igam
a es
inik
a um
dla
kway
e es
icha
zayo
. iz
ivak
alis
i zib
onis
a in
gqiq
o ef
anel
ekile
yo
yoku
sebe
nzis
a am
agam
a
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
es
iny e
isig
ama
esin
ika
umdl
a kw
aye
esic
haza
yo. i
ziva
kalis
i zi
boni
sa in
gqiq
o yo
k use
tyen
zisw
a kw
amag
ama
isin
coko
sis
eben
zisa
es
iny e
isig
ama
sesi
chaz
ayo.
iziv
akal
isi
zibo
nisa
ingq
iqo
ethi
le
yoku
sety
enzi
swa
kwam
agam
a
isig
ama
siny
iniw
e.
Nga
man
ye
amax
esha
am
agam
a as
etye
nzis
wa
ngok
unga
chan
ekan
ga
kwiz
ivak
alis
i. u
kwak
hiw
a kw
eziv
akal
isi
ngam
anye
am
axes
ha
akuc
hane
kang
a
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 27 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
35 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
IKOTA YOKU-1
Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana.Yamkelanayiphiephuhlisa
isicatshulwa.Naziezinyezazo.UkukhulanzimakukaSamkelo;Ubuhlwempubudalaumona;Ukungagulinokokubauyahlupheka.
b) NoxaooSamkelobabekhulabehluphekakodwabahlalabephililengenxayeyeza ababelinikwa ngumakhulu.
c) Umntu uyakhula nokuba ukhulela kwisimo esinjani.d) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana.Yamkelanayiphiakwazileyo
ukuzixhasa ngayo umfundi.e) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana.Yamkelaleyoathewakwazi
ukuzixhasa kuyo.f ) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. g) Ukuvezaamathubaemisebenzi.Ukwenzaukubakwiindawoabahlala
kuzo kubekho amanzi awoneleyo ukuze bakwazi ukuzilimela imifuno.Abafundi bangakunika ezabo.
h) Abafundi baya kuza neempendulo ezahlukeneyo. Nantsi enye yazo:Akulunganga. Iziphiwo zabantu azifani ngoko awukwazi kuzithelekisanabanye abantu.
i) Nokokuba ukhulela phantsi kweyiphi imeko, ekugqibeleni uyakhula.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukubhala isincokoa) Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisincokoebhalwengasentla.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukubhala umhlathiKhetha umbuzo ube mnyea) Sebenzisaigridiengasentlayokuhlolaileta.b) Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaizincokoengasentla.c) Sebenzisalegridiukuhlolalomsebenzi.
isakhiwo 6
izihloko 6
unamathelwano 2
iingcebiso nezindululo 10
umxholo 4
upelo lwamagama 2
30
d) Sebenzisalegridiukuhlolalomsebenzi.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 28 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
36I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i M i s E B E N Z i Y o h l o l o E s E s i k W E N i
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukufunda nokubukela
Umbuzo woku-1: Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Wafumanisaukubaelikhondoafunaukulilandelalinzimakwaye
linemithetho eqatha. (2)b) Ukuba ngumazisi. (1)c) ULindaukhathazwayintoyokokubaibalakushishinolisekude
ekumeleni uluntu. Iintsingiselo zalo kufuneka ziqaliseukuhambisana kunye nezo zininzi zesizwe kwaye ngokwangokuakukho lulungiselelo lokwazisa kwikharityhulamu yesikolo. (3)
d) Uzifumana emathongweni, kumtshizo wamanzi xa uhlamba,ukuphuma nokutshona kwelanga okanye kwingxolo yamaza olwandle. (4)
e) Ukubaunomdlakwelikamvakufunekaunolwazi,ufundekwayeuhambele iindawo. (2)
f ) Ukufundela nukuba ngumazisi. Naziphi ezinye eziza nabafundi eziphuhlisa intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. (2)
g) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2)h) Ikamvakunyenemiceli-mngeniyalo. (2)i) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2)
[20]
Umbuzo wesi-2: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimia) Umntwana – ubuncinane ngokuzalwa. (2)b) Abazali,unozala,isizalo,inzala.Naziphinaizivakalisieziphuhlisa
intsingiselo yala magama. (6)c) Isikolo–skool–kwisiBhulu-ngokufakelaisimaphambilisesiXhosa. (2)d) Usana,imveku,imfambilini.Nasiphiisivakalisiesamkelekileyo
esinala magama. (4)e) Akulahlwa mbeleko ngakufelwa. (2)f ) Kwintlanganiso nabazali, kufuneka umzali abuze utitshala malunga
nenkqubela-phambili yomntwana wakhe (2)g) Sisahluloesithilekwicandelolaseburhulumenteni.Isebe
lemvula,lomthi. (2)[20]
Umsebenzi wesi-5 UkushwankathelaIsishwankatheloSebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisishwankatheloengasentla.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 29 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
38
IKOTA yesI-2
Isahluko sesi-4Ezemidlala 32
Isahluko sesi-5Unxibelewano 38
Umsebenzi osesikweniUviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni 49
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 31 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
39 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Ingulowo nalowo uneetalente neziphiwo zakhe. Singabantu sizibalula kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bazibalula emidlalweni, abanye ekuculeni, abanye ekufundeni ukanti abanye emidanisweni.
Apha sibona umdlalo weqakamba apho uMakhaya Ntini aphosa kuyo ibhola. Sibona amandla athi awasebenzise ekuphoseni kwakhe. Sibona nomqhokri ezimisele ukuba uza kudla ngephini iapile lasejava.
Iveki ye-11–12
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Udliwano-ndlebe Incoko yababiniIndlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokuchazelaabafundiukubaudliwano-
ndlebe luthotho lwemibuzo xa ufuna ulwazi oluthile ngomba othile.Iintathelizilusebenzisakakhuluudliwano-ndlebe.
• Ungenzaumzekelongokuthiubenodliwano-ndlebenomfundiothileeklasini yakho. Mbuze imibuzo elula aya kukwazi ukuyiphendula.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukuba iingcinga neengcamango zabo zilandelelane. Chazela abafundiukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixube izivakalisi zakhe.Makasebenzise izivakalisi ezifutshane kunye nezivakalisi ezide. Izivakalisiezide ubanazo xa uthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngoko ukubaazi ukuba izivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukuba izivumelanisi azisebenzisisayo kufuneka zivumelane nezivakalisizakhe. Chaza ukuba izivumelanisi zentloko nezenjongosenzi zidalaunxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisi nesenzi naphakathi kwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayo kwizivakalisi zakhe kufuneka ziludale olu nxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukho olu nxulumano intetho yomfundi ayisayi kuvakala kwaye akukhontsingiselo eya kubakho koko akubhalileyo okanye akuthethayo.
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenzeintsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye. Ezinye iingcingazingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathi yabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelananoko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze oko akubhalayo nakuthethayokube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwaye kunceda nasekukholelekenikweengongomaaxoxelaphezukwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshe zolwimi kunye namaqhalo nezaci namabinza athile kufunekakukhethwe ngobuchule ukuze okubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabinamdintsi natyheneba. Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwaziukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Hlulaabafundingababinibazebenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Hlolalomsebenzingalerubrikhiilandelayo.
IKOTA YESI-2
Isahluko sesi-4: ezemidlalo
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 32 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
40I K O T A y e s I - 2 • i s a h l u k o s e s i - 4 • i V e k i y e - 1 1 – 1 2
Impu
mel
elo
egqw
esay
oIm
pum
elel
o es
emag
qabi
niIm
pum
elel
o ey
anel
isay
oIm
pum
elel
o ey
anel
eyo
Impu
mel
elo
epha
kath
iIm
pum
elel
o ey
inxa
leny
eU
kung
aphu
mel
eli
7 (8
0–10
0%)
6 (7
0–79
%)
5 (6
0–69
%)
4 (5
0–59
%)
3 (4
0–49
%2
(30–
39%
)1
(0–2
9%)
uku
sety
enzi
swa
kwem
vaka
lozw
i no
qhag
a-m
shel
wan
o lw
ameh
lo
um
fund
i use
benz
ise
imva
kalo
zwi
efan
elek
ileyo
ne
caci
leyo
kw
aye
wen
ze
uqha
gam
shel
wan
o ol
ufan
elek
ileyo
lw
ameh
lo
naba
phul
aphu
li ab
ohlu
kene
yo.
um
fund
i use
benz
ise
imva
kalo
zwi
efan
elek
ileyo
kw
aye
wen
ze
uqha
gam
shel
wan
o ol
ufan
elek
ileyo
lw
ameh
lo
naba
phul
aphu
li ab
ohlu
kene
yo.
um
fund
i use
benz
ise
imva
kalo
zwi
kway
e w
enze
uq
haga
msh
elw
ano
oluf
anel
ekile
yo
lwam
ehlo
na
baph
ulap
huli.
um
fund
i use
benz
ise
imva
kalo
zwi
kway
e w
enze
uq
haga
msh
elw
ano
lwam
ehlo
na
baph
ulap
huli
um
fund
i use
benz
ise
imv a
kalo
zwi p
haya
na
phay
a kw
aye
wen
ze
uqha
gam
shel
wan
o ol
ufan
elek
ileyo
lw
ameh
lo
naba
phul
aphu
li
um
fund
i use
benz
ise
imva
kalo
zwi
enga
caca
nga
ngok
uphe
lele
yo
um
fund
i kha
nge
aseb
enzi
se
mva
kalo
zwi o
kany
e uq
haga
msh
elw
ano
lwam
ehlo
izip
hum
lisi
nope
lo
um
fund
i uzi
qaph
ele
ngok
ucha
neki
leyo
na
ngok
ufan
elek
ileyo
iz
iphu
mlis
i. a
kukh
o zi
phos
o zo
pelo
.
um
fund
i uzi
qaph
ele
ngok
ufan
elek
ileyo
iz
iphu
mlis
i. a
kukh
o zi
phos
o zo
pelo
.
um
fund
i uzi
qaph
ele
izip
hum
lisi.
kukh
o iim
posi
so e
zim
balw
a zo
pelo
.
um
fund
i wen
z e
izip
hoso
ezi
mba
lwa
kakh
ulu
zezi
phum
lisi
nezi
mba
lwa
zope
lo.
um
fund
i uzi
sebe
nzis
ile
izip
hum
lisi e
zith
ile
ngok
unga
chan
ekan
ga.
kukh
o iz
ipho
so
ezin
inzi
zop
elo.
um
fund
i une
ziph
oso
ezin
inzi
kak
hulu
ze
ziph
umlis
i nez
opel
o.
izip
hum
lisi
azin
gach
anek
anga
kw
aye
nope
lo
aluc
hane
kang
a.
iingc
inga
ez
ipha
mbi
li ne
zixh
asay
o
Zonk
e iin
gcin
ga
ezip
ham
bili
zixh
asw
e ng
okuf
anel
eke
kakh
ulu
yim
izek
elo
ecac
ileyo
.
Zonk
e iin
gcin
ga
ezip
ham
bili
zixh
asw
e ng
okuf
anel
eke
kakh
ulu
yim
izek
elo.
iingc
inga
ezi
pham
bili
zixh
asiw
e.iin
gcin
ga e
ziph
ambi
li zi
phan
tse
zaxh
asw
a.
iingc
inga
ezi
pham
bili
zixh
asw
e ap
ha
naph
aya.
Zim
balw
a iin
gcin
ga
ezip
ham
bili
kway
e az
ixha
swan
ga.
iingc
inga
az
ixha
swan
ga
konk
ekon
ke.
ukw
akhi
wa
kwez
ivak
alis
iiz
ivak
alis
i ezi
ninz
i ez
ahlu
kene
yo za
khiw
e ng
okuc
acile
yo
nang
okuc
hane
kile
yo.
iziv
akal
isi
ezah
luke
neyo
za
khiw
e ng
okuc
acile
yo
nang
okuc
hane
kile
yo.
iziv
akal
isi z
akhi
we
ngok
ucac
ileyo
na
ngok
ucha
neki
leyo
.
iqel
a le
ziva
kalis
i za
khiw
e ku
chan
ekile
yo.
iziv
akal
isi
ezim
balw
a za
khiw
e ng
okuf
anel
ekile
yo.
uni
nzi l
wez
ivak
alis
i al
ucha
neka
nga.
Zo
nke
iziv
akal
isi
azic
hane
kang
a
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 33 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
41 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Iindlela zokufunda: Ukufunda ngokukhawulezaUkufundela ukuqonda: iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukufundangokukhawulezaokwenziwekwizifundoezingasentla
kunye nabafundi.• Ukubauyathandaungabanikaisicatshulwaofunabasifunde
ngokukhawuleza baze bakuchazele ingcinga ephambili okanyeiinkcukacha zesicatshulwa eso. Xoxani ngalo msebenzi. Wakwaneliseka,ungafunda kunye nabafundi ibalana elisencwadini yabo.
• Abafundimabakhetheamagamaabangawaziyo.Makunikweiintsingiselozala magama baze abafundi bazibhale kwiiibhanki zabo zamagama.
• Makuxoxwengentsingiseloyesicatshulwa.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:Imidlalo kule mihla ithathelwe phezulu. Akukho didi lamdlalo apho abaNtsundubangazibonakalisikuwo.Ubabonakwimidlaloeyahlukeneyokwaye bayazimisela xa bedlala.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukufunda nokubukela
Uncwadi: Iimpawu zedramaUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuisakhiwosedramakunyenabafundibakho.Bayalele
ukuba bachaze ukuba idrama yakhiwa njani. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenzeumzekelo ngencwadi yedrama abafundi abayifunde kwibanga elidlulileyo.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abakhe bazifundayo nabasazaziyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawu qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho balulandele uphawuebelufundiswa.
• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Nikaabafundiithuba elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi. Jikeleza phakathi kwabouqinisekise ukuba wonke umfundi uyasebenza.
• Ncedaabobafundibangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakhe.Makuxoxwe
ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo nengachanekanga. Khuthaza abafundi bakhoukuba xa bexoxa ngencwadi kufuneka bacaphule encwadini kwaye konkeabakuxoxayo kufuneka bazixhase ngokubhalwe ngumbhali.
• Thathaiincwadizabouzeuzihloleusebenzisairubrikhiephantsikokuhlolwa kwenoveli.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Ukubhala udliwano-ndlebeImihlathi: Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyakonkeokuthethekudliwano-ndlebengasentla.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 34 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
42I K O T A y e s I - 2 • i s a h l u k o s e s i - 4 • i V e k i y e - 1 3 – 1 4
• Bakhumbuzenjaloabafundingenkquboyokubhalaxabezakubhalaumsebenzi.
• Bachazeleukubakubalulekileukubakuqalakufunekaecwangciseiingcinga zakhe, amagama aza kuwasebenzisa xa ebhala.
• Nikaabafundiithubalokubabenzeuyilolwabolokuqala.Umfundimakafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.
• Makulungisweiziphosonolwimiolusetyenziswengumfundi.• Yibethelelekubafundiintoyokumaamagamaasetyenziswayonachongiweyo
ahamba nenjongo yomsebenzi kunye nabantu ekujoliswe kubo.• Phindaubetheleleukwakhiwakwezivakalisinokusetyenziswa
kwezivumelanisi.Ukulandelelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisineeengcinga neengcamango zomfundi xa ebhala.
• Umfundimakahlaziyeazeachokeleumsebenziwakhengengxeloayifumene kuwe nakwabanye abafundi.
• Makangeniseumsebenziwakheuzeuwuhlolengerubrikhiephantsikwesincoko ngasentla.
Iveki ye-13–14
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Intetho elungiselelweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukufundiswakwentethookwenzengasentla.• Khuthazaabafundibakhoukubabenzeuphandongesihlokoabasinikiweyo
ukuze babe nolwazi oluphangaleleyo ngoko baza kuthetha ngako.• Bakhuthazeukubabathethenjengokokukhoiminyewuengafuni
kuthetha phambi kwabanye abafundi.• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuqaphelainjongoyomsebenzi
kunyenabantuekujoliswekubo.Okukuncedaukubaakwaziukuchongaisigama aza kuthetha ngaso.
• Wonkeumfundimakanikweithubalokuthetha.Hlolaumsebenzingerubrikhi ephantsi kwentetho ngasentla.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukubhala isishwankatheloIndlela yokufundisaHlaziyaisishwankathelonabafundi.Bethelelakubafundiukubaukushwankathela asikokuguqula iingcinga zombhali koko kukwenza mfutshane oko akubhalileyo.• Yibetheleleintoyokubakubalulekileukubaxabeshwankathelababhale
amagama afunwayo.• Okunyeabanokukwenzaabafundixabeshwankathelakukubhala
iiingongomazabongokulandelelana.Basenokungabhalaimhlathixabeshwankathela.Okubalulekileyongamagamaafunwayonokusebenzisaawabo amazwi xa beshwankathela.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Ukubauyathandaungacelaabafundi abambalwa bafunde imisebenzi yabo. Makuxoxwengemisebenzi yabafundi. Xa kunikwa ingxelo kumsebenzi womfundimakwenziwe oko ngovakalelo nangokwakhayo.
• Thathaiincwadizabouzikorekishe.Sebenzisairubrikhiephantsikwesishwankathelo ukuhlola lo msebenzi.
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Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukufunda nokubukela
Uncwadi: Iimpawu zedramaIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaumxholokunyenokubunjwakwabalinganiswakwincwadi
yedramakunyenabafundibakho.Bayaleleukubabachazeukubaidramayakhiwa njani. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngencwadiyedrama abafundi abayifunde kwibanga elidlulileyo.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abakhe bazifundayo nabasazaziyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawu qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho balulandele uphawuebelufundiswa.
• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Nikaabafundiithuba elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi. Jikeleza phakathi kwabouqinisekise ukuba wonke umfundi uyasebenza.
• Ncedaabobafundibangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakhe.Makuxoxwe
ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo nengachandekanga. Khuthaza abafundi bakhoukuba xa bexoxa ngencwadi kufuneka bacaphule encwadini kwaye konkeabakuxoxayo kufuneka bazixhase ngokub halwe ngumbhali.
• Thathaiincwadizabouzeuzihloleusebenzisairubrikhiephantsikokuhlolwa kwenoveli.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Isincoko esibalisayoIzincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Abafundimabaqalebayokuphandangesihlokoabasinikiweyo.Xasele
benalo ulwazi ngokwamaqela mabaxoxe ngeengongoma abaza kubhalelaphezu kwazo.
• Ezingongomamazicwangciswengokwemephuyengqondoukuzebakwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo.
• Xaiqelaligqibilemalifundeleiklasiokobelithethangako.Bancediseaphoubonayo ukuba abacwangcisanga ngokufanelekileyo okanye iingcingaeziphambili azihambi neengcinga ezixhasayo.
• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyaboukuzebaziisakhiwosesincoko.
• Bayaleleabafundiukubamababhaleuyilolwabolokuqalabesebenzisaimephuyengqondo.Oluyilomalufundweeklasini.Umfundimakafundeuyilo lwakhe.
• Elilixeshalokokubakulungisweiziphosoezenziwengumfundi,ulwimi alusebenzisileyo, imigaqo yegrama ethi ivumelane nolwimi ololusetyenzisiweyo.Ulwimialusebenzisayoumfundiluzakuxomekekakuhlobolwesincoko asibhalayo kwaye izimvo zakhe mazinamathelane zilandelelane.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisi kwenza ukuba iingcinga neengcamango zabo zilandelelane.Chazela abafundi ukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufunekaazixube izivakalisi zakhe. Makasebenzise izivakalisi ezifutshane kunye
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nezivakalisi ezide. Izivakalisi ezide ubanazo xa uthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngoko ukuba azi ukuba izivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukuba izivumelanisi azisebenzisisayo kufuneka zivumelane nezivakalisizakhe. Chaza ukuba izivumelanisi zentloko nezenjongosenzi zidalaunxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisi nesenzi naphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelani azisebenzisayo kwizivakalisi zakhe kufuneka ziludaleolu nxulumano. Thetha ngezivumelanisi zeziphawuli, ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakala kwaye akukho ntsingiselo eya kubakho koko akubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinye iingcinga ezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayo nakuthethayo kube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Umfundimakahlaziyeuyilolwakhengengxeloayifumenekuwenakumalungu eklasi.
• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiephantsikwesincokoesixoxayo.
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Zininzi iindlela esithi sinxibelelane ngazo. Kule mihla unxibelelwano lukhula yonke imihla. Akusafani nakudala apho kwakubhalwa iileta ezazihamba iintsukuphambikokubazifikekuwe.Namhlanjesithethangoo“Facebook”,oo“Twitter”,ii-imeyileiisms,ndibalantonina.
AphakulekhathunisibonaumdlaliwaseYiphuthaelelengomqolo.UmdlaliweqelaiBafanaBafanalikhwelephezukwesisungezihlanguzozibiniebonisa uloyiso. Kule khathuni, kuboniswa ukuba uMzantsi Afrika uloyisile iqelalaseYiphutha.OkusikubonangovuyoolubhalweebuswenibomdlaliweBafanaBafanaokhwelephezukomdlaliwaseYiphutha.
Iveki ye-15–16
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Iincoko zababini ezingekho sikweniIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukwenziwakwencokonokubhalwakwencokookuchazwe
ngasentla.• Buzaabafundiumahlukophakathikwencokoezingekhosikweninezo
zisesikweni. Zininzi iimpendulo oya kuzifumana kubafundi.• Bethelelaukuchongwakwamagamanokusetyenziswakolwimi
nokulandelelana kweengcinga neengcamango zabafundi.• Abafundikufunekabechazelweukubaukunikanaamathubaokuthetha
sisakhono esibalulekileyo nesifunekayo. Kufuneka umntu umnike ithubalokuthetha kwaye myeke agqibe ukuthetha nokokuba ayivakali loonto ayithethayo. Akugqiba ukuthetha zama ukumlungisa sokumngenaemlonyeni esathetha.
• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Banikeithubaelaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi. Nika bonke abafundi ithuba lokuthetha.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukutolika izicatshulwa ezibonwayoUkufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo (umzekelo izibhengezo, iikhathuni, imifanekiso)Indlela yokufundisa• Phindauchazeleabafundiukubaimifanekiso,iikhathuniizibhengezo,
iigrafu, iitshati, iimephu nokunye zezinye zezixhobo esithi sinxibelelanengazo. Ezi zixhobo zisinika ulwazi kwaye zilola nengqondo yethu.
• Ungezanezakhoiikhathunieklasiniuzewanduleuyaleleabafundiukuba kutolikwe ezi khathuni. Noxa ezinye zihlekisa kukho umyalezoeziwugqithisayo kumfundi.
• Xoxaningeekhathuniezo.Abafundibangezanezabo.• Xabelandelafundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxani
ngolu lwazi. Abafundi bangongeza ezabo iimbono koko sele kuchaziweencwadini xa bekutolikwa ikhathuni. Qwalasela ukuba ulwaziabalongezaqyo; luhambelana noko kuzotywe kwikhathuni.
IKOTA YESI-2
Isahluko sesi-5: Unxibelelwano
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• Xabelandelaungabahlulangokwamaqelalizeiqelangalinyelitolikeokubhalwe kwikhathuni.
• Xaegqibileamaqelaiqelangalinyemalichazeleiklasiokobelixoxangako.• Shwankathelalomsebenzingokubhalazonkeiingongomaezichanekileyo
ebhodini. Abafundi mabakhuphele ezi ngongoma encwadini yakho.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:Apha kuboniswa ukuba uMetcalfe noMunusany bonele ngokwenzeka kwiSebeleMfundoePhakamileyoelilawulwanguBlade,ngokobafunaukuhamba kulo. Indlela esi sibini esizotywe ngayo side solula nezandla zazo ukubonisa ukuba kwanele ngoku. Akuphelelanga apho kuboniswa nokubalekakwaboukubaabasafunikwaphelaukuhlalakwelisebe.UBladeyena uboniswa ebambelele phezulu ngesandla esinye nto leyo ephuhlisa ukuba noko akanamandla aneleyo okuqanda esi sibini, ufane nje waxhasa ngesandla sakhe esinye.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukufunda nokubukela
Uncwadi: Iimpawu zedrama Ufundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiintlobozalinganiswakwincwadiyedramakunyenabafundi
bakho.Bayaleleukubabachazeukubaidramayakhiwanjani.Zibhaleebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngencwadi yedrama abafundi abayifundekwibanga elidlulileyo.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abakhe bazifundayo nabasazaziyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekomnye umlinganiswa qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho banolwazioluphangaleleyo ngomlinganiswa othile.
• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Nikaabafundiithuba elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi. Jikeleza phakathi kwabouqinisekise ukuba wonke umfundi uyasebenza.
• Ncedaabobafundibangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakhe.Makuxoxwe
ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Ukubhala ileta yokucela nokubhala ileta yesicelo somsebenziImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso
Indlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalalomsebenzingokubabuzaukubazeziphiiindlela
abazisebenzisayoxabecelaizintoebantwini.Bachazeleukubakubalulekile ukuba ubani athethe ngendlela ephucukileyoneyamkelekileyo xa esenza isicelo.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.
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• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundiukuba izivakalisi zabo kufuneka ziphefumlelane kwaye zinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukuba iingcinga neengcamango zabo zilandelelane. Chazela abafundiukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixube izivakalisizakhe. Makasebenzise izivakalisi ezifutshane kunye nezivakalisi ezide.Izivakalisi ezide ubanazo xa uthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekilengoko ukuba azi ukuba izivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukuba izivumelanisi azisebenzisisayo kufuneka zivumelane nezivakalisizakhe. Chaza ukuba izivumelanisi zentloko nezenjongosenzi zidalaunxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisi nesenzi naphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelani azisebenzisayo kwizivakalisi zakhe kufuneka ziludaleolu nxulumano.Thetha ngezivumelanisi zeziphawuli, ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakala kwaye akukho ntsingiselo eya kubakho koko akubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinye iingcinga ezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayo nakuthethayo kube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Fundisangolwimiolusetyenziswakuleleta.Ulwimiolusetyenziswayokolu hlobo lweleta lulwimi olusesikweni njengoko ungamazi lowoumbhalelayo.
• Korekishalomsebenzingegridiephantsikweletayesikhalazo.
Ileta yesicelo somsebenzi
Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso.
Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletayaseburhulumenteningasentla.• Fundakunyenomfundizonkeiingongomaezibhalwengasentla.• Sebenzisaigridiukuhlolalomsebenzi.
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Umsebenzi wesi-5 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Iileta zorhwebo: Ileta yoku-odola neleta yentengoImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso.
a) Ileta yoku-odola• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletayaseburhulumenteningasentla.
Fundanomfundizonkeiingongomaezibhalwengasentla
b) Ileta yentengo• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletayaseburhulumenteningasentla.• Fundakunyenomfundizonkeiingongomaezibhalwengasentla• Sebenzisaigridiukuhlolalomsebenzi.
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Iveki ye-17–18
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ingxoxo yephaneliIndlela yokuqhutywa kwesifundo• Hlaziyaukuqhutywakwengxoxoebekwenziwengasentlanabafundi.• Fundanaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabooluzakubanikaulwazimalunga
nokuba ingxoxo.• Xaabafundibethetha,bethelelaokukulandelayo:
– Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisi kwenza ukuba iingcinga neengcamango zabozilandelelane. Chazela abafundi ukuba xa umntu ebhala okanyeethetha kufuneka azixube izivakalisi zakhe. Makasebenzise izivakalisiezifutshane kunye nezivakalisi ezide. Izivakalisi ezide ubanazo xauthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngoko ukuba azi ukubaizivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.
– Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelane nezivakalisi zakhe. Chaza ukuba izivumelanisi zentlokonezenjongosenzi zidala unxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisinesenzi naphakathi kwesenzi kunye nenjongosenzi yesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhe kufuneka ziludale olu nxulumano. Thetha ngezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointetho yomfundi ayisayi kuvakala kwaye akukho ntsingiselo eyakubakho koko akubhalileyo okanye akuthethayo.
– Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinye iingcinga ezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
– Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayo nakuthethayo kube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
– Shwankathela lo msebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo.
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Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuphuhlisa isigama Uphuhliso lwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokukukoIndlela yokufundisaKhumbuza abafundi bakho ukuba isigama sibaluleke kakhulu kwintetho nasekubhaleni kungoko kubalulekile ukuba akwazi ukuchonga isigama esifanele oko akuthethayo nakubhalayo.
1. Izifanokuthi/izithetha-ntonye• Hlaziyaamagamaazizifanokuthikunyenabafundi.• Abafundimabanikeeyaboimizekelobazebenzeizivakalisi
ngamagamaabawanikileyo.Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.
• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibongezeimizekelo.Ngemizekeloabayinikileyo mabenze izivakalisi.
• Xabelandelamakwenziweumsebenziolandelayo.2. Izichasi
• Hlaziyaizichasinabafundi.bayalelebakunikeamagamakunyenezichasi zawo.
• Mabenzeizivakalisingezizichasi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeminyeimizekelo.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
3. Izafobe• Chazelaabafundiukubaizafobesizisebenzisakakhulukwintetho
yethu nasekubhaleni. Zityebisa ulwimi esziluthethayo nesilubhalayo.• Bachazeleukubaizafobeziziindidingeendidikwayezonkezenza
umsebenzi omnye koko kubhaliweyo ukutyebisa intetho.• Izafobezinikaimifanekiso-ntelekelelokulowoumameleyo.• Iimbongizethuzithandakakhuluukusebenzisaizafobeukuphuhlisa
oko zifuna ukukuphuhlisa nezifuna sikuqaphele.• Fundaulwaziolusencwadininabafundi.Xoxaningolulwazi.
Thatha ixesha usenza lo msebenzi. Kukho izafobe ebesikadesingazikhathalelangaesiXhoseni.Yenzelaabafundiimizekeloeminizi.Xa beqonda, nabo baya kukwazi ukuzenzela eyabo imizekelo.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Bhalazonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyo ebhodini ukuze abafundi babe nokukwazi ukwenzaizilungiso.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezichazi-magamaIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukusetyenziswakwesichazi-magamanabafundi.• Banikeamagamauzeubayaleleukubamabenzeizichazi-magamazabo.• Makuxoxwengendlelaabathebawlandelelanisangayoamagamalawo.• Fundaulwaziolusencwadinikunyenabafundi.• Xoxaningolulwaziuzeunikeabafundiamanyeamagama
abanokuwafakakwizichazi-magama.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.Bhala
iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ebhodini
a) i) onembeko, onesimilo nohloniphayo.ii) olixelegu lexaxavithi
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51 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0
iii) ulikroti legorhaiv) iyandivuyisa indonwabisav) kwakusweleka ngokubhubha
b) i) wayonwabile, wayekhathazekileii) uyalila, ethuleiii) ixelegu, olihombaiv) ndilambile, bahluthi
c) Moyisimakroti,mqhokriziingqondo–imfano-zandiNditsho nookhohlel’ esingeni cimi – isifanadumoUfikaungalindelwanga,uthinca–sisifanadumoKunyangw’ isif ’ esingathi siyabonwa – isifanisoNgathi siyaziwa, neentelezi zilungiswe – isifanisoNgaphantsi uthe gedle uzimele – isifanadumo
Sif ’esithen’esinganyangekiyo?–umbuzo-bucikoEyakh’ ivangel’ imini nobusuku – isimntwisoIsidla-kudlasomf ’esingahluthiyo–isimntwisoYen’ukhaphel’edlakenikuphela–isimntwiso
d) i) (in) tsathalalaii) (uku) vandla
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi, iziphumlisiUphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi ngokukukoIndlela yokufundisa1. Izibizo
• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaiintlobozezibizoabazaziyo.Bhalaisibizongasinyeesixelwangabafundi.Mabenzeizivakalisingezibizo ezo bazinikileyo.
• Bayaleleukubabahlahleleizibizoabazinikileyo.• Bethelelaukubaisimaphambilikunyenesimamvasiyayiguqula
ingcambu okanye isiqu sesibizo.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizibizoezakhiwekwezinyeizigabazentetho• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.
Chitha ixesha usenza lo msebenzi bade abafundi baqonde.• Gqithelakwizibizoezimbaxa.Banikeimizekelonabomabanike
imizekelo baze benze izivakalisi ngemizekelo abayinikileyo.• Fundaniulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
2. Izimelabizo• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaiintlobozezimelabizo
abazaziyo.Bhalaebhodiniizimelabizoezobazebandulebenzeimizekelo.
• Ungababuzaukubayintoniumsebenziwezimelabizokwayezimandawonikwizivakalisi.Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.
• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeyaboimizekelo.• Mabenzeizivakalisingemizekeloabayinikileyo.Xauqinisekile
ukuba abafundi bayalandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.Bachazeleukubanizakufundangesimelabizosoqobo.
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a) Isimelabizo soqobo• Ukubabakhoabafundiabasikhumbulayoisimelabizosoqobo
mabanike imizekelo yaso baze benze izivakalisi ngemizekelo leyobayinikileyo.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeubethelelekwigama elibhalwe ngqindili wandule uchaze nokuba lakhiwenjani.
• Xoxaningolwaziolusencwadiniyabafundibazeabafundibenzeizivakalisi ngezimelabizo ezidweliswe ngokwamahlelo.
• Xauqinisekileukubabayalandelangqithelakwisimelabizoesilandelayo.
b) Isimelabizo sokwalathaIsimelabizo sokukhomba kwaye ubachazele ukuba sikhombakathathu.Yalelaabafundiukubabakunikeimizekelo.Mabenzeizivakalisingemizekeloabayinikileyo.Fundakengokuencwadiniyabo uze ubethelele kwigama elibhalwe ngqindili wanduleuchaze nokuba lakhiwe njani. Xoxani ngokusencwadini yabafundibaze abafundi benze izivakalisi ngezimelabizo ezidweliswengokwamahlelo. Xa uqinisekile ukuba bayalandela gqithelakwisimelabizo esilandelayo.
c) Isimelabizo soquko• Isimelabizosoqukokwayesineziquezithathuezizezi:-nke,-dwa
namanani.• Yalelaabafundiukubabakunikeimizekelo.Mabenzeizivakalisi
ngemizekelo abayinikileyo.• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeubethelelekwigama
elibhalwe ngqindili wandule uchaze nokuba lakhiwe njani.• Xoxaningolwaziolusencwadiniyabafundibazeabafundibenze
izivakalisi ngezimelabizo ezidweliswe ngokwamahlelo.• Xauqinisekileukubabayalandelangqithelakwisimelabizo
esilandelayo.d) Izimelabizo zochazo
• Dlulelakwizimelabizosochazonokubazivelakwiziphawuli,kwizibalulinakwizimnini.Yalelaabafundiukubabakunikeimizekelo.
• Mabenzeizivakalisingemizekeloabayinikileyo.• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeubethelelekwigama
elibhalwe ngqindili wandule uchaze nokuba lakhiwe njani.• Xoxaningolwaziolusencwadiniyabafundibazeabafundibenze
izivakalisi ngezimelabizo ezidweliswe ngokwamahlelo.• Xauqinisekileukubabayalandelamakwenziweumsebenzi
osencwadini.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukufunda nokubukela
Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiIndlela yokufundisa1. Izichazi
a) Isiphawuli• Bachazeleukubaiziphawulizimbalwakakhuluungazibhala
ebhodini. Mabakunike iziphawuli abazaziyo uze uzibhaleebhodini.Yongezaezobazishiyileyo.
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• Abafundimabenzeizivakalisingalemizekelo.Kwimizekeloabayenzileyo mabachonge zonke izivumelanisi ezikhoyo.
• Xaubonaukubabayalandelafundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadini yabo. Xoxani ngolu lwazi baze abafundi benzeizivakalisi ezininzi ngeziphawuli.
• Xauqinisekileukubabayalandelaungadlulelakumsebenziolandelayo.
b) Isibaluli• Chazeleabafundiukubakukhoizibalulizoqobokunyenezakhiwe
kwezinyeizigaba-zentetho.• Banikeimizekelobazebenzeizivakalisingemizekeloleyo
uyinikileyo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabooluphantsi
kwesibaluli. Chitha ixesha usenza lo msebenzi bade abafundibalandele.
• Xoxaningolwazibazeabafundibenzeezaboizivakalisi.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
c) Isimnini• Hlaziyaizimnininabafundi.Fundakunyenabafundiulwazi
olusencwadini yabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibongezeeyaboimizekelo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.Xa
belandela gqithela kumsebenzi olandelayo.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
d) Izichazi zokukumbi• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaiziquzokukumbi
abazaziyo.• Ukubaakukhonamnyeokhumbulayobhalaiziquezoebhodini
baze abafundi benze izivakalisi ngazo.• Kwisichazisokukumbiabasisebenzisileyomabachonge
isivumelanisi sokukumbi.• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazi
baze abafundi bongeze ngeyabo imizekelo.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Banike
ixesha elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi.
2. Iziphumlisi• Hlaziyanabafundiiziphumlisinizenixoxengolwaziolumalunga
neziphumlisi olusencwadini yabo.• Abafundimabanikeimizekeloeliqelakwimekonganye.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Banikeimisebenziemininzi
bade baqhele ukusebenzisa iziphumlisi ezifanelekileyo kwimekoefanelekileyo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: 1. a) Mzikayise–umzi–isibizo,kayise-isimnini
b) Zona–isimelabizosoqobo,lonke,isimelabizosoquko,le-isimelabizosokwalatha.
c) Le – ibonisa into ekufuphi kumntu othethayo nakulowo kuthethwanaye.
d) Ii-,um-,e) ubudengef ) abandingqongileyo, othembekileyo – isibaluli, bam, wam, lwam,
kamama – isimnini
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2. Enye yezinto ezinqabileyo zezokuba akukho lwazi lwaneleyo lusasazwayongokwazisa. Izixhobo zixhomile kwaye iibhanki azifumani ndlelaecacileyoyokunikaimali-mboleko.Nangonakukhoobubunzimaeyonanto yeyokuba urhwebo oluninzi loluNtsundu, kungoko ingumdlawamashishini okwazisa ukufuna abagqatswa abaninzi abaNtsunduabangenalwazi lorhwebo kuphela koko abathetha ulwimi oluya kuthilwenze urhwebo lube lula.
Umsebenzi wesi-5 Ukufunda nokubukela
Uncwadi: Iimpawu zedramaUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabonabafundi.Sebenzisani
incwadi eyalathelwe abafundi niqwalalsele ukuba incwadi yombhaliingadlaleka eqongeni kusini na. Xoxani kuvokotheke ngalo mba.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekomnye umlinganiswa qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho banolwazioluphangaleleyo ngomlinganiswa othile.
• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Nikaabafundiithuba elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi. Jikeleza phakathi kwabouqinisekise ukuba wonke umfundi uyasebenza.
• Ncedaabobafundibangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakhe.Makuxoxwe
ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo nengachanekanga. Khuthaza abafundi bakhoukuba xa bexoxa ngencwadi kufuneka bacaphule encwadini kwaye konkeabakuxoxayo kufuneka bazixhase ngokubhalwe ngumbhali.
Umsebenzi wesi-6 Ukubhala nokunikezela
Isigxeko-ncomo (irivyu)Imihlathi: Ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniIndlela yokufundisa• Xauzakufundisanayiphiincwadiephambikwakhoqalauhlalutye
isihlokosayokunyenabafundibakho.Babuzeukubaisihlokoesosithethantoni. Ingaba ulindele ukuba umxholo wencwadi okanye oko azakukufundayo kuza kuthetha ngantoni.
• Emvakokothethangemifanekisoukubaikhonba.• Thethangombhalookwisiqukumbeloesisencwadini.Bachazeleukuba
ubaluleke kangakanani ekuthelekeleleni okuza kuthethwa ngumbhali.• Emvakokofundakunyenaboulwaziolungemvaencwadiniukuba
alukhpoalunamsebenzi.Kwezinyeiincwadialukhoolulwazi.Olulwazilukunika ulwazi ngombhali wencwasdi nangeencwadi athe wazibhalakunye namabal’ engwe ngale incwadi iphambi kswakho.
• Xausukaaphofundaiziqulathookanyeizalathisookukuzakukuncedawazi ukuba umbhali uza kugangatha entwenini.
• Ungafundanomhlathiwokuqalawencwadi.Nawouyakukrobisakokokuza kuxoxwa encwadini. Zibethelele kakhulu ezi zinto kumfundi kubaziza kwenza ayilandele ngcono incwadi, kwazye uya kuthi eyifunda abesele enofifana ngokuza kubaliswa nokuza kwenzeka encwadini leyo.Phambikokubaufundenayiphiincwadikukhoiindlelazokufumanaukuba incwadi ingantoni.
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• Yenzaimizekelongeencwadiezikhoyoeklasiniyakhookanyeezoabafundi bakhe bazifunda kwamanye amabanga.
• Fundaulwaziolusencwadininabousenzaumzekelongencwadiephambi kwakho.
• Ukubaabakayifundiincwadiabayalathelweyoungasebenzisayonaukucazulula izinto ekuthethwe ngazo ngasentla.
• Xaabafundibelandelaungabahlulangababinibenzeumsebenziosencwadini yabo.
• Isibiningasinyemasinikeiklasiingxeloyomsebenziwaso.• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Xakunikwaingxelo
kumsebenzi wabo makwenziwe oko ngokwakhayo nangemvakalelo.
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56I K O T A y e s I - 2 • u V i W o l W a P h a k aT h i e N ya k e N i
Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni
Iveki ye-19–20
Umsebenzi wesi-5 Intetho engalungiselelwangaa) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola intetho xa uhlola lo msebenzi. (15)b) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola intetho xa uhlola lo msebenzi. (20)
Umsebenzi wesi-6Uviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni
IphEphA lOKU-1Icandelo AUmsebenzi woku-1: Uvavanyo lokuqonda1. Apha sibona uMpathiswa wezezimali kunye noosomashishini
betshayelela imali beyifaka emigqomeni. Abanye oosomashishinibaphethe iimophu. Intsingiselo yoku kukuba makucocwe onkeamatyala. Xa ubani ewacutha okanye ewaphelisa amatyala, okokuthethaukubauzakukwaziukugcinaimali.Ukantixaenamatyalaamaninzi. akasayi kukwazi ukugcina imali. (5)
2. a) UmdlalophakathikweqelaleBafanaBafananeFransi. (1)b) AphayayilukhuphiswanolweNdebeyeHlabathilweBhola
eKhatywayo. Apha kwakuqubisene uMzantsi Afrika nelizwelaseFransi. (1)
c) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Thatha ezo zenzaintsingiselo kwaye esixhasiweyo. (1)
d) Ewe babonakala ngokuvuthela iiVuvuzela nokucula ngamanyeamaxesha. (2)
e) Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kumfundi. (2)f ) Lwavuya kakhulu kuba iqela lesizwe lakwazi ukuzibonakalisa
kwamanye amazwe. (2)g) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)h) Lumanayano nobumbano. (2)i) Imidlalo iyakwazi ukudibanisa isizwe. (2)
(15)[20]
Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ulwimia) Kushushu – kuyabanda
Ehlala – enyukaUlwelo–nomkhenkce (4)
b) Amachaphaza – chapha (2)c) Amatyana – bonisa ubungakanani bobuninzi. (1)d) Ingcibi yamanzi ifa ngamanzi, eyezikhali ifa zizikhali (2)e) La–Isalatha-ndawosentoekufuphikumntuothethayonakulowo
kuthethwa naye. (2)f ) Ichaphaza, iphahla, amanzi (3)
IKOTA YESI-2
Uviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni
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g) Oqinileyo,elikhenkcekileyo–izibaluli;zomkhenkce,emvula,esichotya,lemvula,lesichotho–isimnini (4)
h) Iqhaqahazelisa amazinyo. (1)i) Zisetyenziswe kwizivakalisi ezide. (1)
(20)[40]
Icandelo BUmsebenzi woku-1: UshwankatheloSebenzisa irubrikhi ekhoyo kule ncwadi ukuhlola lo msebenzi. [10]
Icandelo C1, C2 noC3 [80]QAPHELA: Akuzi kubhakho zimpendulo njengoko kungekho mibuzo.
IphEphA lESI-2: UKUBhAlAIcandelo A (60)Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko ekhoyo kule ncwadi.
Icandelo B (60)a) –c) Sebenzisa iigridi zokuhlola iileta ekhoyo kule ncwadi.d) Sebenzisa igridi yokuhlola ingxelo ekhoyo kule ncwadi.e) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola uncwadi ekhoyo kule ncwadi.f ) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko. (30 x 2 = 60)
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 50 2011/11/01 1:32 PM
58
IKOTA yesI-3
Isahluko sesi-6Ungcoliseko 52
Isahluko sesi-7Umculo 56
Isahluko sesi-8Umbane nokhuseleko 68
uhlolo olusesikweni 73
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Xa kuthethwa ngongcoliseko lommandla kuthethwa ngongcoliseko lomhlaba, lomoya nolwamanzi. Ezi zinto zingcoliswa ngabantu kunye nezilwanyana. Amanzi ikakhulu angcoliswa yimisebenzi yabantu kunye nezilwanyana ezifana neenkomo nezinye ezithi zisele emilanjeni zize zishiye ubulongwe bazo apho. Zininzi izinto ezingcolisa amanzi. Umoya nawo siyawungcolisa ngemisebenzi esiyenzayo nomhlaba ngokunjalo.
Kule foto sibona umlambo omdaka kwaye kucacile akukho mpilo njengoko iintlanzi zibonakala zifile. Amanzi amdaka kucacile ukuba ayayibulala indalo.
Iveki yama-21–22
Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Iintlanganiso neenkqubo zentlanganisoUkuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango elandelwayo yentlanganiso
Indlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaabafundibakhoukubazeziphi
iintlanganisoabakhebazihamba.Buzaukubaezintlanganisoziqhutywanjani. Nika ithuba lokokuba kuphendule abafundi abaninzi kulo mba.
• Bachazeleukubakwintlanganisokulandelwai-ajenda.Zonkeiiintlanganiso zimele ukuba neajenda kwaye kufuneka amalungu ayeentlanganiswenieyazii-ajendaokokukuthibeyaziintoezakuxoxwaentlanganisweni.
• Fundakunyenaboi-ajendaesencwadiniyabo.Ukubabanemibuzoemalunga neajenda baphendule.
• Baxeleleukubaintlanganisoibanosihlalokwayenguyeolawulaukuhamba kwentlanganiso.
• Entlanganiswenikufunekakukhononobhalaozakubhalaimizuzuleyoyentlanganiso.
• Usihlalowentlanganisoulandelai-ajenda.Phambikokubakuxoxwekufundwai-ajendaazeusihlaloaceleamalunguukubaabenemicimbiayongezayokwi-ajendaleyo.Lemicimbiiyakuxoxwaukubangabalibekhoixeshanjengokointlanganisoimiselweixeshanezakuphumangalo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubaezinyeii-ajendazibanawonamaxeshaekuzakuxovulwangawoumbaothilekungokousihlalokufunekaeyilawulengobuchuleintlanganisokwayeajongenexeshaelithatrhwengumbaothileukuzeokokubhalwekwi-ajendakubenokufezekiswa.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubaisigamaesisetyenziswayosixhomekekakwimo nakwimeko yentlanganiso leyo.
• Unobhalakufunekaabhaleokuvunyelwengakoentloanganisweni.Kufunekaabuphepheuburharhakunyeneziqhuloebezisetyenziswaentlanganisweninjengokoimizuzuiyirekhodiesemthwethweni.Kufuneka angafakeli ezakhe iingcinga.
IKOTA YESI-3
Isahluko sesi-6: ungcoliseko
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60I K O T A y e s I - 3 • i s a h l u k o s e s i - 6 • i V e k i ya m a - 2 1 – 2 2
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela
uvavanyo lokuqonda: ukunika intsingiselo yebaliUkufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo yeetekisi eziviwayoIndlela yokuqhutywa kwesifundo• Chazelaabafundiukubayonkeintonebhalwayoinomyalezo
ewugqithisayokubafundi.Kubalulekilengokoukubauyaziintoethethwayo ukuze ukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba bekuthethwa ngantoni.
• Ungathathanasiphiisicatshulwauzeusifundenabafundibakho.Xoxaningentsingiseloyesicatshulwaeso.Ungathathanokokubaliphepha-ndabanizenifundeinqakuelithile.Buzaabafundibakhoukubakuthethwangantoni.Ithiniintsingiseloyenqakuelo.
• Xabelandelaabafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: Xa inkunkuma neoyile zilahlwa, zingcolisa umhlaba kunye nolwandle. Ungcoliseko lungcolisa ummandla ococekileyo nonempilo. Ezinye zezinto ezingcolisayo ngamachiza afakwa ngamafama njengezichumisi. Amashishini, ulimo, iimoto namakhaya zongeza izingcolisi emhlabeni. Umoya namanzi ziyazithwala zize zithumele ezi zingcolisi kwiimbombo zone zomhlaba. Imigodi nayo ngokwayo iyawungcolisa umoya, amanzi kunye nomhlaba. Olu ngcoliseko luthwele iityhefu lubulala nendalo.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 ukufunda nokubukela
uncwadi: Iimpawu zedramaUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabonabafundi.Sebenzisani
incwadieyalathelweabafundiniqwalaseleukubaincwadiyombhaliingadlalekaeqongenikusinina.Xoxanikuvokothekengalomba.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekomnyeumlinganiswaqinisekisaukubaabafundibakhobanolwazioluphangaleleyo ngomlinganiswa othile.
• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Nikaabafundiithuba elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi. Jikeleza phakathi kwabouqinisekiseukubawonkeumfundiuyasebenza.
• Ncedaabobafundibangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakhe.Makuxoxwe
ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo nengachanekanga. Khuthaza abafundi bakhoukubaxabexoxangencwadikufunekabacaphuleencwadinikwayekonkeabakuxoxayokufunekabazixhasengokubhalwengumbhali.
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Umsebenzi wesi-4 ukubhala nokunikezela
Ileta eya kumhleli, i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso1. Inqaku eliya kumhleli
Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso
Indlela yokufundisa• AbafundikufunekabekwazileukubhalaamanqakuayakuMhleli
wephepha-ndabaokanyexabonakufunekababengabahlelibAmaphepha-ndaba. Kufuneka uyibethelele into yokuba kubalulekile oku kulandelayo:ngubani obhalayo, ebhalela bani, ubhala ntoni, uyibhala njani.
• Yizanamaphepha-ndabakunyeneemagazinieklasini.Bonisaabafundiamanqakuabhalelweumhlelingabantuabathile.Xoxaningalamanqaku.Xabelandelaabafundithethangenkquboyokubhala.
• Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.
• Hlaziyalonkeulwazioluphantsikweeletazaseburhulumentenikunyenabafundi.
• Landelanizonkeimingcebisokunyenamanyatheloekufunekaenziwenjengokokubhaliwephantsikwezileta.Korekishalomsebenzingegridiekhoyo kule ncwadi.
2. I-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso
Imhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelon somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/i-CVneletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso
Indlela yokufundisa• Fundakunyenabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabonizenixoxengolulwazi.• Abafundiabambalwabangazangaphambilibazokubhalaeyaboimizuzu
kunyenee-ajenda.Thethakakhulungezihlokoekufunekazikhokwimizuzu.• Thethangenkquboyokubhala.• Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnye
makafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundi
ukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumano,intethoyomfundiayisayi
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kuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekuncedanasekukholelekenikweengongomaaxoxelaphezukwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Bakhumbuzeukubauchongolwamagamaluxhomekekakwinjongonakubantu ekujoliswe kubo.
• Xauhlolalomsebenzijongaukubaokubhalwephantsikwezihlokwananjentlanganiso kunika intsingiselo eyiyo. Bethelela kwisakhiwo,kumxholonakukucwangciswakweengcamango.
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Njengoko sahlukene, singabantu neziphiwo esinazo zahlukene. Zezi ziphiwo ezenza kube mnandi apha emhlabeni. Kaloku sihleli nje siyonwabisana ngeziphiwoesiziphiweyo.UmculowokholouyeubalaselaaphaeMzantsiAfrikakodwanoxakunjaloabantubathandaiintloboezahlukeneyozemiculo.
Aphasibonaiqelalomculowezokhololudyushalusonwabisainginginyayabantu.
Iveki yama-23–24
Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
ukubalisa ibaliIndlela yokufundisa• Chazelaabafundiukubaxaubalisakufunekaungaziphindiiziganeko
osele uthethile ngazo.• Phambikokubaabalisekufunekaacwangciseiingcinganeengcamago
zakhe, kwaye azi ufuna ukubalisa ngantoni.• Xaeyaziintoazakubalisangayoangafunaulwazingokuthiaphande
nzulu ngesihloko eso aza kuthetha ngazo.• Xelelaabafundinukubazininziiindlelazokuphanda.Usenokubambaudliwano-
ndlebe, usenokwenza iphepha lemibuzo kwaye usenokuya kwithala leencwadi.Makasebenziseleyoaqondaukubaangafikelelalulakuyo.
• Xaebalisaibalichazelaumfundiekufunekaekwazileokufananoku:– Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnye
makafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.– Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelela
kubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagama athi enze intsingiselo. Ukunamathelana nokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngoko ukuba azi ukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.
– Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakho koko akubhalileyo okanye akuthethayo.
– Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathi
IKOTA YESI-3
Isahluko sesi-7: umculo
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yabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
– Bethelela kubafundi ukuba kubalulekile ukuchonga isigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekuncedanasekukholelekenikweengongomaaxoxelaphezukwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinzana athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
– Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiyokuhlolaintetho.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela
ukuphuhlisa isigamaUkufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokukukoIndlela yokufundisaa) Oomabizwafane
• Hlaziyaoomabizwafanenabafundi.• Mabakunikeamagamabazebenzeizivakalisingawo.Fundakunye
naboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Mabanikeimizekeloeliqelabazengemizekeloleyobayinikileyobenzeizivakalisi.
• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Bhalazonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoebhodiniukuzebenze
izilungiso.b) Oomabizwahluke
• Hlaziyaoomabizwahlukenabafundi.• Mabakunikeamagamabazebenzeizivakalisingawo.Fundakunye
naboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Mabanikeimizekeloeliqelabazengemizekeloleyobayinikileyobenzeizivakalisi.
• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Bhalazonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoebhodiniukuzebenze
izilungiso.c) Oontsingiselo-ninzi
• Hlaziyaamagamaaneentsingiseloezininzikunyenabafundi.• Ungabanikaigamaelinyebazebonabanikeiintsingiselozamagama
lawo.• Mabenzeizivakalisingalamagamaukuphuhlisaukubabayayazi
intsingiselo yawo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeneminyeimizekelo.• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabathandayobangafundaiimpendulozabo.
d) Isini sesiduna nesikhomokazi• Hlaziyaokukunyenabafundi.Mabakunikeimizekeloeliqela.• Mabenzeizivakalisiukubonisaukubabayayaziintsingiseloyala
amgama.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
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Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: 1. Izivakalisizabafundimaziphuhliseezintsingiselo.
a) Ithala–liliwa,yindawoekuxhonywakuyoizintob) Ukuhlutha – ukuthatha ngomdla, ukwanela wakuba utyilec) Iliso – apho kuphuma khona amanzi, ilungu lomzimbad) Umhlambi–isinxibosabakhwethaxabetshila,iqelaleentaka,
leenkomo, leegushae) Uthewa – indawo ekuhlala abantu, yingcaf ) Ingqina–ngumthetheleli,ukuphumakwamadodaesiyakuzingela
2. a) Ulwimi–ilungulomzimbaelisemlonyeni,yintethoyabantu,ubuxokib) Ityholo – sisigcume semithi engamininzanga ngohlobo lokuba kude
kuthiwe lihlathi, indawo yokusithela, yokuzimelac) ihlathi – yimithi ekhule ndawonye yee tshitshilili kwindawo enkulu,
nanyiphiintoeshinyeneyoebuboyanjengeendevuokanyeiinweled) umhlathi–ilungulomzimba,umhlathiwesivakalsie) Ilitye – elisendalweni, into elukhuni, umatshini wokusila, into
eyakhiwayookanyeixonwekubhalwezonkeizintozesikhumbuzosongasekhoyo ibekwe phezu kwengcwaba, iimbobo zomzi kanantsikuthiwa ngamatye: amatye alo mzi mane; akasibhozwanga!
3. a) Imazi/Umfazib) Umyenic) Induna
Umsebenzi wesi-3 ukufunda nokubukela
ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUkufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokukukoIndlela yokufundisa1. Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nezenzi
• Xaufundisaizivakalisisebenzisaulwazilwangaphambiliabanaloabafundi• Zamangazozonkeiindlelazokubaumfundiakwaziukwahlula
phakathi kwentloko nenjongosenzi.• Okuungakwenzangokubabuzaukubainjongesenziimandawoni
kwisivakalisi.Umbuzoolandelayongowokubakuxakutheniukuzeinjongosenzi ithabathe indawo yentloko ize intloko ithathe indawoyenjongesenzi.
• Abafundimabenzeizivakalisiuzeubhaleizivakalisiezozaboebhodini.Mabachongekengokuintlokoyesivakalisi,isenzikunyenenjongosenzi.
• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazibaze bongeze imizekelo.
• Xabelandelamakugqithelwekumsebenziolandelayo.2. Izivumelanisi
Izivumelanisizezenzizibini.Kukhoisivumelanisisentlokonesivumelanisisenjongosenzi.a) Isivumelanisi sentloko
• Khumbuzaabafundingezivumelanisisentloko.Mabenzeizivakalisibazekwizivakalisiezobazenzileyobachongeizivumelanisi.
• Mabachazeukubaizivumelanisiezozezaluphiudidi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Xaubonaukubabayalandelayenzaumsebenziolandelayo.
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b) Isivumelanisi senjongosenzi• Khumbuzaabafundingezivumelanisisenjongosenzi.Mabenze
izivakalisibazekwizivakalisiezobazenzileyobachongeizivumelanisi.• Mabachazeukubaizivumelanisiezozezaluphiudidi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Xaubonaukubabayalandelayenzaumsebenziolandelayo.
3. Iindidi zezenzi• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokuyalelaabafundiukubabakunikeizenzi.• Bhalaebhodiniizenziezouzewanduleukuzihlelangokweendidizazo.• Bachazeleukubaizenzizihlelwangokwamalunguazo.Xabelandela
mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.• Jikelezaphakathikwabouqinisekiseukubabonkebayasebenza.
Abafundiabazivayobangafundaiimpendulozabo.• Bhalaebhodiniiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzebakwaziukulungisa
iziphoso zabo. Iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo uza kuzifumana aphangasezantsi.
4. Izixando zezenzi• Hlaziyaizixandozezenzinabafundi.Ungabhalaisenziebhodiniuze
ubayaleleukubabahlomeleizimamvazezenziezahlukeneyo.• Ukubaabakwazibenzeleumzekeloubemnyebazebenzeeminye
imizekelo.• Yigxininiseintoyokubaizimamvaziyayiguqulaintsingiselo
yengcambu.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabonizenixoxengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeimizekeloeliqelakwayebenzeizivakalisi
ngezenzi ezo bazinikileyo. Bachazele ukuba izenzi ebezithathainjongosenzi enye zithi zithathe iinjongosenzi ezimbini.
• Okukwenzekaxaisenzisihlonyelweisimamvasesixandosokwenzisanesokwenzela. Benzele umzekelo ebhodini uze ubayalele ukubabachongeinjongosenziyentsusanenjongosenziebangelwesisixando.
• Thathaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
a) Isixando sokwenzana• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe
liqelabadeabafundibalandele.Ungabanikaesakhoisicatshulwabachongeizixandongokwezimamvazazo.
b) Isixando sokwenzisa• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe
liqelabadeabafundibalandele.Ungabanikaesakhoisicatshulwabachongeizixandongokwezimamvazazo.
c) Isixando zokwenzela• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe
liqelabadeabafundibalandele.Ungabanikaesakhoisicatshulwabachongeizixandongokwezimamvazazo.
d) Isixando sokwenzeka• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe
liqelabadeabafundibalandele.Ungabanikaesakhoisicatshulwabachongeizixandongokwezimamvazazo.
e) Isixando sokwenziwa• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe
liqelabadeabafundibalandele.Ungabanikaesakhoisicatshulwabachongeizixandongokwezimamvazazo.
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5. Iintlobo zezenzia) Uhlobo lokuqondisa
• Hlaziyanabafundiuhlobolokuqondisa.Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadini yabo. Abafundi mabongeze ngeyabo imizekelo.
• Kwimizekeloabayinikileyomabachongeisenziesikuhlobolokuqondisakwayebachazenexeshalesenzieso.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.• Mabanikeimizekeloemininzikangangoko.Ukubauyathanda
ungabanika umhlathana baze bachonge zonke izenzi ezikolu hlobo.b) Uhlobo lokuqhubeka
• Hlaziyanabafundiuhlobolokuqhubeka.Babuzeukubaoluhlobolwahlukenjanikuhlobolokuqondisa.Ukubaabayaziimpendulobachazele uze wandule ufunde kunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadiniyabo.
• Abafundimabongezengeyaboimizekelo.Kwimizekeloabayinikileyomabachongeisenziesikuhlobolokuqhubekakwayebachazenexeshalesenzieso.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.• Mabanikeimizekeloemininzikangangoko.Ukubauyathanda
ungabanika umhlathana baze bachonge zonke izenzi ezikolu hlobo.c) Uhlobo lolandelelwano
• Hlaziyanabafundiuhlobolokuqoshelisa/lolandelelwano.Fundakunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo. Abafundi mabongezengeyabo imizekelo. Kwimizekelo abayinikileyo mabachonge isenziesikuhlobolokuqoshelisakwayebachazenexeshalesenzieso.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.• Mabanikeimizekeloemininzikangangoko.
d) Uhlobo lokuyalela• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzakubafundiukubaolu
hlobo lwahluke njani kwezinye iintlobo zezenzi. Ukuba abakwazikuphendulabachazeleuzeubanikeumzekelo.Mabanikeeyaboimizekelo. Kwimizekelo abayinikileyo ungababuza ukuba bacingaolu hlobo lwakhiwa njani.
• Xabengayaziimpendulofundakunyenaboumdlalwanaosencwadini yabo uze wandule ufunde inkcazelo yokwakhiwakolu hlobo engasezantsi.
• Abafundimabanikeimizekeloibemininzi.Nabobangayilaeyaboimidlalwana enokuthi yenziwe apho eklasini yabo.
e) Uhlobo lokukhankanya• Hlaziyanabafundiuhlobolokukhankanya.Babuzeukuba
basibona ngantoni isenzi esikuhlobo lokukhankanya. Banikeimizekelo ukuba ngaba abazazi izenzi ezikuhlobo lokukhankanyabaze bandule bahlahlele izenzi ezo ngokwezakhi zazo ukuzebazokubona izakhi zohlobo lokukhankanya.
• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Abafundimabongeze ngeyabo imizekelo. Kwimizekelo abayinikileyomabachonge isenzi esikuhlobo lokukhankanya baze bachazeisakhi sohlobo lokukhankanya esisetyenzisiweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.Mabanikeimizekeloemininzikangangoko.
6. Izincedisi neentsiza-senzi• Fundakunyenabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Mabakunikeeyaboimizekelo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadebalandeleabafundi.Bangenza
umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
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Iintsiza-senzi• Fundakunyenabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Mabakunikeeyaboimizekelo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadebalandeleabafundi.Bangenza
umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.7. Ukwakhiwa komhlathi
• Fundisaabafundiukubayintoniimihlathi.Bachazeleukubaumhlathiunengcingaenyeephambilikwayeuneengcingaeziwuxhasayo.
• Ukuzeokosikubhalayonesikuthethayokubenentsingiselokufunekaimihlathi yethu ilandelelane kwaye iphefumlelane.
• Ungabanikaimihlathiengalandelelaniyouzeubabuzeukubayenzaintsingiselokusinina.Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.
• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibenzeimizekeloeliqela.Mabenzeumsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Nizelwe–isixandosokwenziwa,bohlukana–esokwenzana,
eqhubekeka–sokwenzeka.b) Kodwabantwanabethuanimamelikuzakuthixakuthenkqi,nifikesele
nirholeamehloamakhuluibesithibazaliabatatazelayo.c) Bohlukana nomfo lowo.d) Indlelaeninolwazingayoingathinizelwekuqalakunathi.e) Wathiukubaatshowaqondaukubaumgqibileumntuomkhulukwaye
uyanikezela.f ) Wamfulathelawabeseleekhwelaemnxebenieqhubekekaaphoebeyeke
khona.g) Qhuba mfo wam uncokole kwiselula yakho kuba ndiyabona ukuba
awuzukuyekaukuthethakodwakeqaphelaaphaendleleni.h) Wamfulathela.
Umsebenzi wesi-5 ukufunda nokubukela
ukufundela ukuqonda – ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: iindidi zezibanjalo, izifanekisozwi, izikhuzo, amagatya abalulayoIndlela yokufundisa1. Izibanjalo
Buzaiintlobozezibanjaloabazaziyo.Bhalaisibanjalongasinyeesixelwangabafundi.Mabenzeizivakalisingezibanjaloezobazinikileyo.Bayaleleukuba bahlahlele izibanjalo abazinikileyo. Bethelela kwisakhi sibanjalonakwisiqusesibanjalo.a) Izibayiyo
• Bachazeleukubaizibayiyozivelakwezinyeizigaba-zentetho.Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.
• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.Chithaixeshaukwenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.
• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Xabegqibileukubhala abafundi abambalwa bangafunda iimpendulo zabo.
• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Bhalaebhodinizonke iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ukuze abafundi bakwaziukulungisa iziphoso zabo.
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b) Izibanjani• Bachazeleukubaizinjanizivelakwezinyeizigaba-zentetho.Funda
ulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.
Chithaixeshaukwenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Xabegqibile
ukubhala abafundi abambalwa bangafunda iimpendulo zabo.• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Bhalaebhodini
zonke iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ukuze abafundi bakwaziukulungisa iziphoso zabo.
c) Izibanjalo ezakhiwe kwizihlomelo nezibanayo• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.
Chithaixeshaukwenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Xabegqibile
ukubhala abafundi abambalwa bangafunda iimpendulo zabo.• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Bhalaebhodini
zonke iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ukuze abafundi bakwaziukulungisa iziphoso zabo.
d) Izibanayo• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.
Chithaixeshaukwenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Xabegqibile
ukubhala abafundi abambalwa bangafunda iimpendulo zabo.• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Bhalaebhodini
zonke iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ukuze abafundi bakwaziukulungisa iziphoso zabo.
e) Izibanjalo zokwaba• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.
Chithaixeshaukwenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Xabegqibile
ukubhala abafundi abambalwa bangafunda iimpendulo zabo.• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Bhalaebhodini
zonke iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ukuze abafundi bakwaziukulungisa iziphoso zabo.
f ) Izibandawo• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.
Chithaixeshaukwenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Xabegqibile
ukubhala abafundi abambalwa bangafunda iimpendulo zabo.• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Bhalaebhodini
zonke iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ukuze abafundi bakwaziukulungisa iziphoso zabo.
2. Izihlomeloa) Isalathandawo
• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaiintlobozezihlomelooabazaziyo.
• Bhalaisihlomelongasinyeesixelwangabafundi.Mabenzeizivakalisingezihlomeloabazinikileyo.
• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.
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• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.
• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzeabafundibakwazi ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.
b) Isihlomelo sobunjani• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.
Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.Xa
belandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.
Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzeabafundi
bakwazi ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.c) Isihlomelo sexesha
• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.
• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzeabafundibakwazi ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.
c) Izihlanganisi• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.
Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.Xa
belandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.
Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzeabafundi
bakwazi ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.3. Izifanekisozwi
• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaizifanekiso-zwiezaziwangabafundi.Zibhaleebhodinibazeabafundibenzeizivakalisingazo.
• Babuzeukubaingabaisifanekisozwiesoasinikileyosiphuhlisaowuphiumsebenzi.Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Fundakunyenabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo.
• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeminyeimizekelo.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
• Bethelelakwimisebenziyezifanekisozwixaufundisa.• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.Bhala
iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ebhodini baze balungise iziphoso zabo.4. Uphawu lwezikhuzo
• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaizikhuzoezaziwangabafundi.Zibhaleebhodinibazeabafundibenzeizivakalisingazo.
• Babuzeukubaingabaisifanekisozwiesoasinikileyosiphuhlisaowuphiumsebenzi.Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Fundakunyenabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo.
• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeminyeimizekelo.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.
• Bethelelakwimisebenziyezikhuzoxaufundisa.
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5. Amagatya• Chazelaabafundiukubaumsebenziwegatyaelibalulayoufananqwa
nalowawesibaluliochazwengasentla.Lahlukekwisibalulingokuthilibesisivakalisiesinegamaelinyeokanyengaphezulu.
• Bachazeleukubaizivumelanisizentsusanezongezelelweyozezibalulizisetyenziswa kwizibaluli nakumagatya abalulayo. Benzele imizekeloukuzebakuqondeoku.Phindauyokufundaindlelaizivumelanisizezibaluliezakhiwangayo.Hlaziyaokunabafundibakho.
• Bachazeleukubaxaisandulelasiyintlokoyegatyaelibalulayoeligatyakuthiwaligatyalobaluloelithengqokwayeisivumelanisisesibalulisingqinelananesimaphambilisesandulela:Akukhomntuumbonileyo.Nika neminye imizekelo. Abafundi banike neyabo.
• Bachazeleukubakwigatyalobaluloelinolwalamanolwesihlomelokubakhoisihlomeloesakhiwekwisimelabizosoqobo:isikoloahlalakuyoincinane.Yenzelaabafundiimizekeloemininzibadebaqonde.Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibakhobalandele.Banikeimisebenziemininziyokuziqhelisa.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Ndinomsindo–isibanjaloesinesibandakanyiu-na,yimfanelo–isibayiyo,
ngelo – isibayiyo.b) Ngenxa,entliziyweni,kwisimo,ngabahlobo,ngexesha–isalathandawo;
kakhulu–sobunjani,nabalingani–isihlomeloesinesibandakanyiu-na.c) Tyhini!Umothuko.
Umsebenzi wesi-5 ukufunda nokubukela
uncwadi: Iimpawu zebali elifutshaneUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaisakhiwosebalielifutshanekunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali
elifutshane. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngebali elisencwadiniyabo yamabalana.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexeshausenzaumzekelongencwadiabayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawuqinisekisaukubaabafundibakhobalulandeleuphawuebelufundiswa.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaufundiseuphawu
olo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.• Sebenzisairubrikhiephantsikwenoveliukuhlolalomsebenzi.
Umsebenzi wesi-6 ukubhala nokunikezela
ukubhala isincoko esichazayoIsincoko esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Abafundimabaqalebayokuphandangesihlokoabasinikiweyo.Xasele
benaloulwazingokwamaqelamabaxoxengeengongomaabazakubhalelaphezu kwazo.
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• Ezingongomamazicwangciswengokwemephuyengqondoukuzebakwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo.
• Xaiqelaligqibilemalifundeleiklasiokobelithethangako.Bancediseaphoubonayo ukuba abacwangcisanga ngokufanelekileyo okanye iingcingaeziphambiliazihambineengcingaezixhasayo.
• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyaboukuzebaziisakhiwosesincoko.
• Bayaleleabafundiukubamababhaleuyilolwabolokuqalabesebenzisaimephuyengqondo.Oluyilomalufundweeklasini.Umfundimakafundeuyilo lwakhe.
• Elilixeshalokokubakulungisweiziphosoezenziwengumfundi,ulwimialusebenzisileyo,imigaqoyegramaethiivumelanenolwimiololusetyenzisiweyo.Ulwimialusebenzisayoumfundiluzakuxomekekakuhlobolwesincokoasibhalayokwayeizimvozakhemazinamathelanezilandelelane.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagama athi enze intsingiselo. Ukunamathelana nokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwa njani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekuncedanasekukholelekenikweengongomaaxoxelaphezukwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Umfundimakahlaziyeuyilolwakhengengxeloayifumenekuwenakumalungu eklasi.
• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiephantsikwesincokoesixoxayo.
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Iveki yama-25–26
Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
ukwenza intetho engalungiselelwangaIntetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwangaIndlela yokufunda• Hlaziyaintethonabafundibakho.• Banikeithubalokuyakwenzauphando.• Nikawonkeumfundiithubalokuthetha.• Hlolangerubrikhiephantsikwentetho.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela
Iindlela zokufundaUkufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokuqhutywa kwesifundo• Hlaziyaulwaziolungokufundangokukhawulezaolunikwekwiikota
ezingaphambili.• Ungaphindaubavavanyeabafundibakhongokubanikaisicatshulwauze
ubayalele ukuba mabajonge ntoni kwisicatshulwa eso.• Xoxaningeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.• Abafundimabenzengababiniumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Bhalazonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoebhodiniukuzebakwazi
ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyoa) Elizweni liphela abantu bathanda ukucula ingakumbi ulutsha. Ulutsha
oluninzi luthanda ikwaito. Kanti bona abantu abakhulu bathanda umculoweJazz.OmnyeumculooxhelaintliziyozabadalakunyenolutshayiGospeli.
b) Siyachazac) Lulula.Konkeakubhalilekululaukukulandela.d) Iindlelayokuhlalutyakwabafundiiyakwahluka.Thathanayiphi
impendulo ezathuzelweyo.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 ukufunda nokubukela
Iimpawu zebali elifutshaneUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaisakhiwosebalielifutshanekunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali
elifutshane. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngebali elisencwadiniyabo yamabalana.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexeshausenzaumzekelongencwadiabayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawuqinisekisaukubaabafundibakhobalulandeleuphawuebelufundiswa.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaufundiseuphawu
olo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.
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Umsebenzi wesi-4 ukubhala nokunikezela
ukubhala intethoImihlathi: Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe• Chazelaabafundiukubaintethoyahlukilekwingxelookanyekwincoko.
Ungababuza ukuba zahluke njani. Ukuba ngaba abakwazi oko fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundi banike eyabo imizekelo.
• Bachazeleukubaintethoebhalwayoibaphakathikweepawuzocaphulonjengokoiyintethongqoyesithethi.Gqithelakwinkquboyokubhala.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.
• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekuncedanasekukholelekenikweengongomaaxoxelaphezukwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Abafundimabahlaziyeumsebenzikwayebachokeleumsebenziwabongengxeloyakhoneyeklasi.Xabegqibilemabangenizeiincwadizabo.
• Hlolangerubrikhiyokuhlolaisincoko.
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Umbane yenye yezinto eziluncedo nezenza ubomi lula kodwa kwawona uyingozikakhulu.Kufunekaxasiwusebenzisasiwusebenzisengenyamekonangononophelo.
Xa ujonge lo mfanekiso ufumanisa ukuba kwiplagi enye kufakwe izinto ezininzi kwaye ezinye zezi zinto zineentambo ezingaphandle nto leyo enokuthi ibangele ingozi.
Iveki yama-27–28
Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
ukwenza intetho engalungiselelwangaIntetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwangaIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaintethonabafundibakho.• Banikeithubalokuyakwenzauphando.• Nikawonkeumfundiithubalokuthetha.• Hlolangerubrikhiephantsikwentetho.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela
ukubhala isishwankatheloIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaushwankathelonabafundi.• Phindaubanikeesakhoisicatshulwauzeusishwankathelekunyenabo.• Baqheliselomsebenzibadeabafundibakwaziukuwenza.• Ngababinimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Thathaiincwadizabouzeuzihlolengerubrikhiyokuhlolaushwankathelo.• Ukubakusekhoabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaubanike
omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 ukufunda nokubukela
uncwadi: Iimpawu zebali elifutshane Ufundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaisakhiwosebalielifutshanekunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali
elifutshane. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngebali elisencwadiniyabo yamabalana.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexeshausenzaumzekelongencwadiabayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawuqinisekisaukubaabafundibakhobalulandeleuphawuebelufundiswa.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
IKOTA YESI-3
Isahluko sesi-8: umbane nokhuseleko
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• Abafundiabazithandelayobangafundiumsebenziwabo.Xoxaningeempendulo ezinikwa ngabafundi.
• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaufundiseuphawuolouzewandulewenzeumsebenzikunyenabo.Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolauncwadixauhlolalomsebenzi.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 ukubhala nokunikezela
ukubhala isincoko esibalisayoIsincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakwesincokonabafundi.• Ngalolonkeixeshaabafundibebhalahlaziyakunyenaboinkqubo
yokubhala.• Abafundingalolonkeixeshamabaphandengesihlokosesincokoukuze
babe nolwazi olunzulu.• Bakhuthazeukubaxabelandelainkquboyokubhalakufunekakuqala
benzeiimephuzengqondoezizakubancedaekulandelelaniseniiingcinganeengcamango zabo.
• Banikeithubaelaneleyolokwenzalomsebenzi.• Hlolaumsebenzingerubrikhiyokuhlolaisincoko.
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Iveki yama-29–30
Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
uvavanyo lokuqondaUkuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuzixhobisayo, okuphicothwayo nokuncomayo) Indlela yokufundisa• Fundelaabafundiibalikabini.Ukubauyathandaungabachazelaamagama
anzima.• Mabenzeumsebenzi.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Ingozinokhuselekolombane.Thathanezinyeizihlokoeziphuhlisa
okuthethwa libali.b) Umbane uyingozi kodwa kunjalo zikhona izinto onokuzenza
ukhuseleke kwezi ngozi.c) Ufundisa ngezilumkiso onokuzenza ukuze ukhuseleke kwiingozi
zombane.d) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana.Yamkelanayiphiimpendulo
akwaziyoukuzixhasakuyoumfundi.e) Iiimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela
ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufundaIindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyakonkeokubhalwephantsikokufundangokukhawuleza
kwizifundo ezingaphambili.• Abafundibangachongaamagamaabangawaziyoathethantoni.
Makunikweiintsingiselozalamagama.Abafundimababhalelamagamakwiibhanki zabo zamagama.
• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.a) Amandlaombaneali-120angamenzakalisakakhuluumntuokanye
ambulale. Ukuba ukhwela umthi ngakwiintambo zombaneungatshowukhwaukubangabaumthiunokukrwecaiintamboezo.Umbaneukhuphamalunganeevoltiezili-100lezigidi.Lamandlaombane maninzi ngokwaneleyo ukuhambisa umsinga wombaneemzimbeni kwaye angambulala umntu.
b) Sisifanelekubaisicatshulwasikuchazelangeengoziezibangelwangumbane.
c) Ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngumbhali lulula kwaye kululaukulilandela. Kukho amagama abolekwe kwezinye iilwimi elifananokutshowukhwangumbane,imoto.Longumzekelo,yamkelanayiphiimpenduloechanekileyoakwaziyoukuzixhasakuyoumfundi.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 ukufunda nokubukela
uncwadi: Iimpawu zebali elifutshaneUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzebalielifutshanekunyenabafundibakho.
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• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibalielifutshane. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngebali elisencwadiniyabo yamabalana.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexeshausenzaumzekelongencwadiabayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawuqinisekisaukubaabafundibakhobalulandeleuphawuebelufundiswa.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaufundiseuphawu
olo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 ukubhala nokunikezela
ukubhala inqaku lephepha-ndabaImihlathi: ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniIndlela yokufundisa• UkubaakhonaAmaphepha-ndabaeklasiniyakhobonisaabafundiukuba
inqakulephepha-ndabaliphumangemihlathi(kholamu)kwayeinqakungalinyelibaneendawoezimanazibhalwangqindililiaphoumbhaliwaloafunasiqapheleokuthildeathethangako.
• Bachazeleukubaezinyeizihlokozephepha-ndabazibhalwangoonobumbaabakhulukwayengqindilili.Ukantiezinyezibhalwangamagamaamakhulukodwaabangqindililinjengokokufunekaetsaleumdlawomfundi.
• Kwiphepha-ndabainqakulihambanomfanekisowokokuthethwangako.Bonisaokukwiphepha-ndabaonalaeklasiniyakho.
• Iifontikwiphepha-ndabaziyashiyanakukhoezinkulunezincinane.Konkeokukwenzelwaukutsalaumdlawabafundibephepha-ndaba.
• Xoxaninabafundingamaphepha-ndabaakhoyoeklasiniyakho.Xabelandelaabafundithethangenkquboyokubhala.
• Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.
• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
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• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekuncedanasekukholelekenikweengongomaaxoxelaphezukwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Thethangolwimiolusetyenziswaolusetyenziswakwiphepha-ndaba.Ulwimi lusoloko lujolise kubantu abathile kwaye lsoloko luhambanenjongo yokubhalwa koko kubhalwayo.
• Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisincokoxauhlolalomsebenzi.
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Umsebenzi wesi-7Impenduloiyakuxhomekekakwincwadiyedramaeyenziwayo. (30)
Umsebenzi wesi-8Sebenzisairubrikhiephantsikwentetho. (20)
Umsebenzi wesi-9
Icandelo A
Umsebenzi woku-1 uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Ungcolisekolwamanzi.Abafundibanokunikaezabo.Yamkela
nayiphi echanekileyo. (2)b) Kungcoliseke umlambo ngoku amanzi amdaka kwaye izidalwa
ezihlala apha ziyafa. (2)c) Lolwamanzi (2)d) Indalo ayiphila apho kukho amanzi angcolisekileyo. (2)e) Yimisebenziyabantukunyenezilwanyanaezifananeenkomo. (4)f ) Iimpendulozabafundiziyankwahlukana.Thathanayiphi
ezathuzelweyo. Nantsi enye: Ikhona ukuba abantu banokuyeka ukulahlainkunkumanandawonikwayebaqinisekeisekukhoiindawozokusela kwezilwanyana ezithile. (2)
g) Utyatyazo,icesina,isisusegazi,ukralakwesisu. (2)h) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)i) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)
[20]
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ulwimi1. a) Umntu,isintu,uluntu,ubuntu.Izivakalaisiezichanekileyo
eziphuhlisaintsingiseloiyamagama. (4)b) Lesalathaintoekufuphikumntuothethayonakumntu
ekuthethwa naye. (2)c) Ukusweleka, ukubhubha, ukutshaba. (2)d) Ukwambath’ingubokaqaqaqa.Isivakalisiesiphuhlisaintsingiselo (2)e) Engqondweni,emzimbeni,kwezihlunu,kwentliziyo,
kwimithambo.Naziphiizivakalisiezakhiwengezalathandawoezibini. (2)
[12]2. a) Ilitye – elisendalweni, into elukhuni, umatshini wokusila, into
eyakhiwayookanyeixhonywekubhalwezonkeizintozesikhumbuzosongasekhoyo ibekwe phezu kwengcwaba, iimbobo zomzi kanantsi kuthiwa ngamatye: amatye alo mzi mane; akasibhozwanga! (3)
b) Iliso–aphoumlambouqalakhona.Isivakalisimasiphuhlisele ntsingiselo. (2)
IKOTA YESI-3
uhlolo olusesikweni
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c) Iyeza.Isivakalisimasiphuhliselentsingiselo. (1)d) Isebelomthi,lemvula.Isahlulokwicandeloelithile
laseburhulumenteni. (2)(8)
[40]Icandelo BIsishwankatheloSebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisishwankatheloukuhlolalomsebenzi. (10)
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IKOTA yesI-4
Isahluko se-9Impatho-mbi 76
Isahluko se-10Umabonakude 81
umsebenzi osesikweniUviwo 84
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Ukuphathwa kakubi yinto evamileyo kule mihla kweli loMzantsi Afrika ingakumbi ukuphathwa kakubi kwabantwana nabafazi. Amadoda nawo aphethwe kakubi kodwa ngenxa yekratshi awakuvakalisi oko. Umntu usenokuphathwa kakubi ngokweemvakalelo okanye ngokomzimba.
Apha sibona abazali ababini bebetha umntwana. Kuba kukho iibhotile ezingenanto phantsi emgangathweni sicinga oku oku kubangelwa ziimpembelelo zotywala.
Iveki yama-31–32
Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
ukwazisa isithethi nokwenza ilizwi lombulelo1. Ukwazisa isithethiIndlela yokufundisa• Lomsebenziunokwenziwaumdlaloeklasini.Xauzakwazisaumntu
kufuneka uphandile ngaye.• Abanyeabantuuyakwaziukufumanaiprofiyileyakhekwikhompyutha.• Ukubaayikhokufunekauthethathethanenayeakuchazelengayophambi
kokuba ube nokumazisa.• Kalokukufunekaubenolwaziolunzulungayeukuzeukwaziukumazisa
kwabanye abantu.• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundikunyenabo.Xoxaningolulwazi.
Yenzani imizekelo eliqela bade abafundi balandele.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Ukuzebakwaziukuwenza
lo msebenzi kwakufuneka benze uphando olunzulu. Ukuba azikhoiikhompyuthabangayakubuzakwii-ofisizamaphondookanyezoomasipala ezikufutshane kuloo ndawo uhlala kuyo.
2. Ilizwi lombuleloIndlela yokufundisa• Fundakunyenabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazi.• Abafundimabenzeimizekeloeliqelabadebabebayalandela.
Bangathelekelela ukuba kukho umntu obezokuthetha nabo ngombaothile. Mabenze amazwi ombulelo kuloo mntu.
• Okukungenziwaumdlaloeklasiniaphoomnyeumfundiabasisithethiaze omnye abe ngulowo oza kubulela intetho yakhe.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Ukubauyabonabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaubanikeomnye
uze uwenze kunye nabo.
IKOTA YESI-4
Isahluko se-9: Impatho-mbi
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84
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela
ukunika intsingiseloUkufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaimifanekisokunyenabafundi.• Ungabanikaowakhoumfanekisonizenixoxengawo.• Hlulaabafundingamaqela.Iqelangalinyemalenzeumsebenzi
osencwadini.• Jikelezaphakathikwabafundiuqinisekiseukubabonkeabafundi
bayanikezela ngeengcinga zabo.• Ncedaabobangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Iqelangalinyemalichazeleiklasiokobelikuxoxa.Makuxoxwe
ngeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Xakunikwaningxelongomsebenziwabafundi makwenziwe oko ngokwakhayo nangovakalelo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: Indodanomfazibalwaphambikwabantwanababo.Aphakubonakalaukuba impembelelo yomlo kukunxila njengoko phantsi kukho iibhotile ebezinotywala. Esi sibini asinangqeqesho kuba sisela phambi kwabantwana babo abancinane baze bakunxila balwe. Umfazi ulwa ngeebhotile into enokwenzeka ukuba aba bantwana bangenzakala ukuba ngaba kunokuthi enye ibhotile iyokubetha omnye wabo. Kuyabonakala apha ukuba uzinzo lwekhaya yinto engekhoyo njengoko yonke into ithe saa apha endlwini, nto leyo esenza sigqibe ukuba eyona nto iphambili kweli khaya kukusebenzisa utywala nokulwa.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 ukufunda nokubukela
uncwadi: Iimpawu zoncwadi lwemveliUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzentsomikunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali
elifutshane. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngebali elisencwadiniyabo yamabalana.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawu qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho balulandele uphawuebelufundiswa.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaufundiseuphawu
olo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.• Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiephantsikwenoveli.
I K O T A y e s I - 4 • i s a h l u k o s e - 9 • i V e k i ya m a - 3 1 – 3 2
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Umsebenzi wesi-4 ukubhala nokunikezela
i-CV neleta ehamba nayo, ukubhala ileta yokubulela,ukubhala i-obhitshuwariImhlathi:Iletayobuhlobo/esesikweni(yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelosomsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/i-CVneletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso
Indlela yokufundisa1. Inkcazelo ngobomi
• Chazelaabafundiukubakubalulekileukubaubaniakwaziukubhalainkcazelo yakhe yobomi njengoko ifuneka kuyo yonke imisebenzi.
• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxangolulwazi.• Xanixoxathethangezihlokoezikhoyokwi-CVnolwaziekufunekalukho.• Yibetheleleintoyokubaumntuakayibhaliintoengeyonyanisokwi-
CVyakhe.• Yenzaniimizekeloeliqela.Abafundiabazithandelayobangabhala
ii-CVzaboebhodini.MakuxoxwengeziCVukuzenabobebengekacacelwa babe nokucacelwa.
• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.
• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingeziphosozabafundi.• Thethangolwimiolusetyenziswakwi-CV.I-CVayifunilwimikangako
ngaphezu kokuba udwelisa lonke ulwazi ofuna lwaziwe ngawengabaqeshi.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Thathaiincwadizabouzikorekishe.
2. Ileta yesicelo somsebenzi• Hlaziyailetayaseburhulumenteni.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Hlolangegridiyokuhlolailetayaseburhulumenteni.
3. Ukubhala i-obhitshuwari
Indlela yokufundisa• Ukubaunayoi-obhitshuwarionayoyiyanayoeklasiniyakhouzeubonise
abafundi.Xaungenayoakukhongxakinjengokoabafundibelibangaselebeyazi ukuba i-obhitshuwari ibhalwa njani kwaye baqhele ukuzibonakwimingcwabo abayihambayo.
• Fundaniulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.• Xoxaningolulwazi.• Abafundimabenzeimizekeloemininzi.Abazithandelayobangayibhala
nasebhodini.• Bethelelaukubaxaubhalai-obhitshuwarikufunekausebenziseulwimi
oluphuhlisa intlonipho.• Thethangenkquboyokubhala.Yalelaabafundiukubabenzeuyilo
lokuqala. Umfundi makafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.• Makuhlatyweamadlalakokokubhalwengumfundi,kodwaoku
makwenziwe ngovakalelo nangokwakhayo.• Bakhumbuzengokwakhiwakwezivakalisinemihlathinokusebenzisa
iziphumlisi.• Umfundimakahlaziyeazeachokeleumsebenziwakhengengxeloevela
kuwe nakumalungu eklasi.• Makangeniseumsebenziwakheuzeuwukorekishe.
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86I K O T A y e s I - 4 • i s a h l u k o s e - 9 • i V e k i ya m a - 3 3 – 3 4
Iveki yama-33–34
Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ingxoxo yephaneliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukwenziwakwalengxoxo.• Ungaphindauyokufundaulwazingayokwizifundoezingasentla.• Ukubauyathandaunganikaabafundiisihlokobazebenzeingxoxo
emfutshane ukubakhumbuza.• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Qwalaselaindlelaabachongangayoamagama,ukusetyenziswa
kwemigaqo yegrama nendlela abazisebenziya ngayo izivakalisi zabo.• Nikawonkeumfundiithubalokuthetha.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela
Iindlela zokufundaUkufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaulwaziolungokufundangokukhawulezakwizifundo
ezingasentla.• Ukuqinisekisaukubaabafundibayawazilomsebenziungabanika
isicatshulwa uze ubayalele izinto ekufuneka zijongiwe kwisicatshulwaeso.Xoxaningeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.
• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: a) Zichazaimpatho-mbiuZolileowayeyifumanaemsebenziniwakhe.
Kwalapha kwibali sifumanisa ukuba asinguye yedwa lo wafumana lempatho-mbi nomhlobo wakhe udlule kuyo ukuze abe uyalishiya eli.
b) UZolileuyakusolokoehleliexhalenikwayeesoyikaakucingangomhlobowakhe owaswelekela ezandleni zakhe emva kokunyanzelwa ukuba aseleityhefu ngabaphathi bakhe. Abaphathi bakhe bamtyhola ngobusela.Bamonzakalisa kuba babemphethe kakubi bemdalakathelisa bade bayakufikelelanakumalunguakheangasese.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 ukufunda nokubukela
uncwadi: Iimpawu zentsomiUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzentsomikunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali
elifutshane. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngebali elisencwadiniyabo yamabalana.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawu qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho balulandele uphawuebelufundiswa.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
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• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaufundiseuphawuolo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.
• Hlolalomsebenzingokujongaukubaabafundibayakwaziukunikaimifanekiso-ntelekelelo ephuhliswa zizafobe.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 ukubhala nokunikezela
ukubhala isincoko esixoxayoIsincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakwesincokonabafundi.Ungabuyelaemva
kukubhalwa kwezincoko uphinde ufunde ulwazi olubhalwe khona kunyenabafundi.
• Njengokoselekutshiwobethelelakwinkquboyokubhalaxaabafundikufuneka bebhale umsebenzi.
• Inkquboyokubhalaincedaekunciphiseniiziphosoezenziwangabafundi.• Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiyokuhlolaizincokoekhoyokulencwadi.
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Iveki yama-35–36
Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ingxoxo yephaneliIngxoxo yephaneliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukwenziwakwalengxoxo.• Ungaphindauyokufundaulwazingayokwizifundoezingasentla.• Ukubauyathandaunganikaabafundiisihlokobazebenzeingxoxo
emfutshane ukubakhumbuza.• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Qwalaselaindlelaabachongangayoamagama,ukusetyenziswa
kwemigaqo yegrama nendlela abazisebenziya ngayo izivakalisi zabo.• Nikawonkeumfundiithubalokuthetha.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela
ukubhala isishwankatheloIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakwesishwankathelokunyenabafundi.• Ukuqinisekisaukubabayawazilomsebenzibanikeisicatshulwaesiza
kushwankathelwa yiklasi yonke.• Bayekebaphikisaneekwenzenilomsebenzi.Shwankathelaumsebenzi
ngokubhala ebhodini isishwankathelo esichanekileyo.• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Hlolalomsebenzi
ngerubrikhi yokuhlola isishwankathelo ekhoyo kule ncwadi.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 ukufunda nokubukela
Iimpawu zentsomiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzentsomikunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali
elifutshane. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngebali elisencwadiniyabo yamabalana.
• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abayalathelweyo.
• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawu qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho balulandele uphawuebelufundiswa.
• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.
Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) (i) Isisilasenkukhusibonwamhlaligquthayo–Amahleboavelamhla
kukho iingxoxo ezishushu.
IKOTA YESI-4
Isahluko se-10: umabonakude
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Kuyinene ukuba isisila senkukhu, indununu asinto ifumane ibonwe ngaphandle kwamhla kugquthayo, kukho umoya. Eli qhalo lithetha ukuba izinto ezininzi ebezingaziwa mntu zivela mhla kuthe kwakho nokuba yingxabano okanye ingxushungxushu eza neengxoxo ezishushu. Yimihla ebhentsisa izimilo zabantu batsho baziwe. Eli qhalo mhlawumbi ngelingazange laziwe lasetyenziswa ukuba bekungazange kubekho bantu bafuya iinkukhu.
(ii) Injaayimkiaphoifumeneithambokhona–Ukwenzaintokujikakufane nomkhwa.InjaleyenyeyezilwanyanaebezithandaukufuywangamaXhosa.Ibisetyenziswaekuzingelenikubakalokuibambaiinyamakazingenxayamendu wayo. Kodwa owona msebenzi ibiwenza rhoqo entlalweniyakwaXhosaibikukugadaumziemininasebusuku.Ikakhuluibigadaamaselaazekubalemfuyoyalaphaphakathikwekhaya.Ibisondliwangokutya kuba ukuba kuthe kanti umntu wayo akayondli ncam ideilambe,wofikaihambakulemiziikhangelaukubaayinakucholantona.Ithiaphoizuzeithambokhonaimaneukuyaidengamanyeamaxesha iphelele apho ngokungathi le nto yeli thambo yintoyemihla ngemihla. Kubonakala ukuba lo mkhwa wenja ube mkhuluwaxhaphakakakhulungokokudekuveleeliqhaloaphakwaXhosa.Unyokowalotyolwangamakhuba–Kutshiwokumntuosolokoambethwe ngamashwa.Eliqhaloliyazitolika.Njengokoilobolaethandwayoiyileyoyeenkomo kuthi kwakungasetyenziswa zona okanye imalikusetyenziswa nto zimbi, ikhangeleke loo ntombi ilotyolwayonjengentombi enamashwa kuba noko ayiqhelekanga into yokubaumntu alotyolwe ngamakhuba.
(iii) Ukuzicandel’umgalagala–UkuzifakaengxakiniUmgalagala ngumthi olushica kakhulu. Umntu othe xa athezayowatheza wona wofumana ingxaki enkulu xa kufuneke ewucandilekuba wobila esoma ukuwuqhekeza. Eli qhalo laselibhekiswa kumntuothe wazibizela ingxaki ekungelula ukuyisombulula mpela
(iv) Ukuzalakukuzolula–Kukubulelaintoentleeyenziwengumntwana.Uya kuthi umntu akwenzelwa into entle ngumntwana aziveenombulelo omhle ongazenzisiyo, azive umzimba wakhe uthe saawolukile. Umva esithi le nto ikukuzala kukuzolula.
b) (i) Ndinantoyamjikeleletywaa.Yinyoka.(ii) Ndinamntuwamakahambiengenamsila.Yinaliti.(iii) Ndinambhayiwammabiniafanatwatse.Sisibhakabhakanomhlaba(iv) Ndinantoyaminamehlokodwayimfama.Litapile.(v) Ndinantabayaminehlathikazieloyikekayo.Yintloko.
Umsebenzi wesi-4 ukubhala nokunikezela
ukubhala inqaku lemagaziniImihlathi:ingxelo/irivyu/inqakulephepha-ndaba/inqakulemagazini.
Indlela yokufundisa• Ukubazikhonaiimgazinieklasiniyakho,bonisaabafundiukubainqaku
lemagazini liba njani xa likwimagazini. Usenokubacela ukuba bezeneemagazini abathanda ukuzifunda.
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• Thathaibalilibelinyenizenixoxengalo.Jonganiindlelaelibhalwengayo.Qwalaselaniizintoezifananefonti,ukubhalwangqindilili,imifanekiso,nokubhalwa bukekela. Ukantu kufuneka bejonge nemibala ethiisetyenziswdekwimagazini.Ingabalemibalaithethantoni.Kwamanyeamabali kubakho nezihlokwana ezikhoyo ezithi zifakwe imibala.Abafundi mabachaze ukuba olu bhalo lunje ingaba yintoni injongo yako.Xabengakwaziokubachazele.
• Xabelandelaabafundithethangenkquboyokubhala.• Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnye
makafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundi
ukuba izivakalisi zabo kufuneka ziphefumlelane kwaye zinamathelane.Bakhumbuze ukuba isivakalsi yingqokelela yamagama athi enzeintsingiselo. Ukunamathelana nokuphefumlelana kwezivakalisi kwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixube izivakalisizakhe. Makasebenzise izivakalisi ezifutshane kunye nezivakalisi ezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengoko ukuba azi ukuba izivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.
• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukuba izivumelanisi azisebenzisisayo kufuneka zivumelane nezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisi nesenzi naphakathikwesenzi kunye nenjongosenzi yesivakalisi. Bachazele ukuba nezinyeizivumelani azisebenzisayo kwizivakalisi zakhe kufuneka ziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakala kwaye akukho ntsingiselo eya kubakho koko akubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.
• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayo nakuthethayo kube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazele ukusetyenziswa kwezangotshe zolwimi kunye namaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigamaesikhethwengokuchanekileyosiyakwaziukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.
• Thethangolwimiolusetyenziswaolusetyenziswakwiphepha-ndaba.Ulwimi lusoloko lujolise kubantu abathile kwaye usoloko luhambanenjongo yokubhalwa koko kubhalwayo.
• Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisincokoxauhlolalomsebenzi.
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Iveki yama-37–38
Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ingxoxo yeqela/yephaneliIngxoxo yeforam/yeqela/yephaneliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaindlelaebanjwangayonefundiswangayolengxoxongokufunda
kwizifundo ezingaphambili kule ncwadi.• Nikaabafundibakhoithubalokwenzauphandongesihlokoesinikiweyo.• Hlulaabafundingokwemibuzwanaoyakhileyo• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Qwalaselaindlelaabachongangayoamagama,ukusetyenziswa
kwemigaqo yegrama nendlela abazisebenziya ngayo izivakalisi zabo.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela
ukulungiselela uviwo QAPHELA: Le yeminye yemibuzo onokuyisebenza xa uhlaziyela iimviwo okuphela konyaka.
Iveki yama-39–40
Icandelo AUmsebenzi osesikweni
Umbuzi woku-1 uvavanyo lokuqondaa) UZolileuhlalaesoyikaakucingangomhlobowakheowaswelekela
ezandleni zakhe emva kokunyanzelwa ukuba asele ityhefungabaphathibakhe. (2)
b) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana. (2)c) Impatho-gadalalaemsebenzini.Abafundibangezanezabo.Yamkela
nayiphienikaintsingiseloyesicatshulwa. (2)d) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahluka.Yamkelaimpenduloenika
intsingiselokwayeezathuzelwetyo. (2)e) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahluka. (2)f ) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahluka.Nantsienye.Wayefunaukucima
ityalaukuzeabaphathibangabanjwa. (2)g) Abanalokwayexabengasakufunibamelekukunikaizizathu
zokungakufuni kwabo baze bakunike zonke iimali zakho kodwa okobekwenzangokwemithethoyabasebenzi. (2)
h) Kukubekaimithethoengqinqwaaphoumqeshikufunekaebanjiwenixaethewakuphathagadalala.Imithethoekhuselaabasebenzikufunekaisebenzileingabhalwaphantsikuphela. (4)
i) Nasemisebenziniabasebenzibaphathwakakubi. (2)[20]
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92I K O T A y e s I - 4 • u m s e b e n z i o s e s i k w e n i • i V e k i ya m a - 3 9 – 4 0
a) Umntu,isintu,uluntu,ubuntu.Yamkelanaziphiizivakalisiezichanekileyoezakhiwe ngala magama.
b) Abantwana–sibonisaubuncinanengokuzalwa.Ndlwana–sibonisaubuncinanengokobungakanani;kwimadlalana–ubuncinanengokobungakanani
c) Emakhitshini,kwilokishi,eMdantsane,phandle–isalathandawo,ngemini– isihlomelosexesha;kakhulu–isihlomelosobunjani
d) Yabantu,wabo,wakhe,zaseMdantsane,bakhe,yezulu,wabamelwane–izimnini, ezincinane, zincinane- iziphawuli
e) Ezi-zalathaintoekufuphikumntuothethayonakulowokuthethwanaye.f ) Umakhuluwakheebesolokoeboph’amabande.g) Usana,imveku,imfambilinih) Izindlukazi–sibonisaisandiso.i) Ukudibanisaizintoezingadibaniyo.j) Bonke–simeendaweniyesibizo.Yonke–siyagxininisa.
Icandelo B: IsishwankatheloSebenzisairubrikhiukuhlolalomsebenzi.Irubrikhiiphantsikwesishwankatheloesikhoyokulencwadi. (10)
Icandelo C 1: Isihobe1. (i) Uzamaukusibonisaukubalulekakwamanzi.
(ii) Ngokwezitanzakunyenemiqolokwisitanzangasinye,imiqolomine.(iii) Ubonisaukubaindaloxaiyonkeayinakuphilangaphandlekwamanzi.(iv) Umbhaliwonwabilekwizitanzazokuqalakubausixelela
ngokubaluleka kwamanzi kodwa imo yakhe iyatshintsha xa esixelelangengozi ebangelwa ngamanzi.
(v) Akunqongophala,kumhlawalawulakufa–isimntwisisiphuhlisaumfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso sibona umntu olawulayo.
Entl’Afrikasibalulek’okwegolide–isifanisosiphuhlisaumfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ubona indlela alondolozwa naxatyiswe ngayoamanzi ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo.Amawakawakaaqungquluzileyitsunami–sisihloniphokuhlonitshwaukufa. Umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ukubona izidumbu zabantunomfanekiso wesikhumba ukuba novakalelo ngabo baswelekileyo.Kubasinqab’okwezinyolenkuku–isifaniso–umfanekiso-ngqondwdeni weliso ukubona kunqongophele amanzi engafumanekikwaye ikwangumfanekiso-ngqondweni wesikhumba ukuva intlunguyokungafumani amaninzi uwafuna.
(vi) Lomhobeusichazelangokubalulekakwamanzikodwaebalulekileenjalo akwayingozi kuba kwezinye iindawo ezisempuma kubakhoiitsunami.Kumintlawe-Afrikaamanziaxatyiswekakhulu.Siyaxelelwaukuba amanzi abaluleke kwindalo jikelele kwaye ngaphandle kwawoakukho mpilo.
2. Impenduloizakuxhomekekakumhobeowenziweyo.
Umbuzo wesi-2 ukuphuhlisa isigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi
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Icandelo C 2: InoveliIimpendulozalemibuzoziyakuxhomekekakwinovelieyenziwayo.
Icandelo C 3: IdramaIimpendulozalemibuzoziyakuxhomekekakwidramaeyenziwayo.
Umsebenzi we-10 Icandelo A: Izincoko• Hlolaizincokongeerubrikhiezikhoyokulencwadi.• Nikaabafundiithubaelaneleyolokuyakuphandangesihlokongasinye.
Xoxanieklasiningolwazioluzenomfundingamnye.Phindaubethelelekakhulu kwinkqubo yokubhala ukuze abafundi bakho balulungele uviwo.
• Enyakenibachazeleukubamabasebenziseimephuyengqondoekucwangciseni iingcinga zabo, oko kuya kubanceda kakhuluekucwangciseni imihlathi yabo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubalulekakokutolikaulwaziolubonwayoukuzebakwazi ukubhala izincoko zabo.
• Phakathienyakenizamaukuwuqhelisalomsebenzi.
Icandelo B: Izicatshulwa ezide• Njengokoselekutshiwongasentla,bethelelakwinkquboyokubhala
kubafundi.Inkquboyokubhalaincedakakhuluekucwangciseniiingcinganeengcamango.
• Aphaabafundibangabhalaebodiniumsebenziobuziweyo.• Bangasebenzakakhulungokwamaqelaxabesenzaumsebenzingamnye
baze lo msebenzi bawufundele iklasi kwaye ukorekishwe ngamaqela.Okukuyakuhlalaezingqondwenizabo.
Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni
Umsebenzi we-11 ukubhalwa koviwoa) Hlolalomsebenzingokusebenzisairubrikhiephantsikwentetho. (20)b) Jongauchongolwamagama,ulwimi,izivakalisikunyenemihlathi. (15)
Umsebenzi we-12 ukubhalwa koviwoImisebenzi yohlaziyo
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Iphepha loku-1
Icandelo A
umbuzo woku-1: uvavanyo lokuqondaa) IzifoezininzizaseNtshonaezinjengentliziyo,isifoseswekile,
umhlazakunyenesifozokuguga. (2)b) Kungokubakuhlalaixeshaelidelusezinkonkxeni. (2)c) Kukutyaokunesitatshikwayeokuneekhabohayidrethiezininzi
ezetyiswa kancinane kwaye ezinceda ekugcineni imigangathoyamandla,iziqhamonemifuno. (2)
d) Akanyanzelekanga.Ingulowoumntuunokutyaokumlungelayonokungamlungeliyo. (2)
e) Ukuzeukwaziukubaukutyakwenziwengantoni.Ukubakwezozithako kukho esingadinaniyo nomzimba wakho oko kuthethaukubakufunekaungakutyangaokokutya. (2)
f ) Idayethielungelelanisiweyo;ukutyaukutyaokunesongo.Yamkelanezinye ezinokuza kunye nabafundi. Yamkela ezo ziphuhlisa intsingiseloyesicatshulwa. (2)
g) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana. (2)h) Ingulowoumntuunohlobolwakhelokutyaekufunekaelutyile
kwayekufunekautyeidayethielungelelanisiweyo. (2)i) Ukutyaokuphekiweyokusalakunazozonkeizondloezikhoyo
koko kutya ukanti okosiweyo ezinye izondlo ziyemka kwaye okokutyakudlangokubanamafuthaamaninzi. (2)
j) Kukuthamba. (2)(20)
umbuzo wesi-2: ulwimia) Umhambi,abahambi,iihambo.Naziphiizivakalisieziphuhlisa
intsingiseloyalamagama. (3)b) Idayethi–diet–kwisiNgesi–kufakelweisimaphambilisesibizo. (2)c) Zonke–ukugxininisa. (2)d) Ufile. (1)e) Ukwambath’ingubokaqaqaqa.Yamkelanasiphiisivakalisi
esichanekileyoesiphulisaintsingiseloyeqhalo. (2)f ) Kwaye,nokokuba,ukuba. (2)g) Qinisekisa,zikucebisa–isixandosokwenzisa,ikulungele–isixando
sokwenzela,ukumelana–isixandosokwenzanalwesixando. (2)h) Nokubakumnyamaentla. (2)i) Inzululwazi (1)j) Yena. (1)k) Chongaizimniniezikhoyokulomhlathi. (2)
(20)[40]
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Icandelo B: IsishwankatheloSebenzisairubrikhiukuhlolalomsebenzi. (10)
QAPHELA: AKUKHO ZIMPENDULO KWELI CANDELO (C) NJENGOKO ZIXHOMEKEKE KWIINCWADI EZENZIWAYO.
Iphepha lesi-2: Ukubhala
Icandelo A: Izincoko SebenzisaIirubrikhiukuhlolaizincoko. [60]
Icandelo B: Imihlathi SebenzisaIirubrikhineegridiezikhoyokulencwadiukuhlola lemisebenzi. (30x2=60)
Iphepha lesi-3: I-orali
Umsebenzi woku-11. Sebenzisairubrikhiukuhlolalomsebenzi. (20)2. Sebenzisairubrikhiukuhlolalomsebenzi. (15)
Umsebenzi wesi-2a) Lemiqondisoyombaneilawulaukubethakwentliziyokunyeneminye
imisebenziebalulekileyo. (2)b) Imisingaehambaemzimbeniingaphazamisalemiqondisooko
kubangele ukushwabana kwezihlunu, kwentliziyo nokuphazamisekakokuphefumlanokufa. (1)
c) Iingozizombanenokhuseleko. (2)d) Umbaneyingozikodwazikhozintoonokuzenzaukuzeukhuseleke. (2)e) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana. (2)f ) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana. (2)g) Kungokubanayoisebenzangombanengokoungenzakalalula
uyisebenzisakubaneka. (2)h) Kungokubamhlawumbibangathinenokudlalangazoabantwana
benzakale. (2)[15]
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1i k o t a y o k u - 1 • u h l o l o
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Yamkela nayiphi ephuhlisa
isicatshulwa. Nazi ezinye zazo. Ukukhula nzima kukaSamkelo;Ubuhlwempu budala umona; Ukungaguli nokokuba uyahlupheka.
b) Noxa ooSamkelo babekhula behlupheka kodwa bahlala bephilile ngenxayeyeza ababelinikwa ngumakhulu.
c) Umntu uyakhula nokuba ukhulela kwisimo esinjani.d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Yamkela nayiphi akwazileyo
ukuzixhasa ngayo umfundi.e) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Yamkela leyo athe wakwazi
ukuzixhasa kuyo.f ) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. g) Ukuveza amathuba emisebenzi. Ukwenza ukuba kwiindawo abahlala
kuzo kubekho amanzi awoneleyo ukuze bakwazi ukuzilimela imifuno.Abafundi bangakunika ezabo.
h) Abafundi baya kuza neempendulo ezahlukeneyo. Nantsi enye yazo:Akulunganga. Iziphiwo zabantu azifani ngoko awukwazi kuzithelekisanabanye abantu.
i) Nokokuba ukhulela phantsi kweyiphi imeko, ekugqibeleni uyakhula.
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukubhala isincoko
a) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko ebhalwe ngasentla.
Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukubhala umhlathi
Khetha umbuzo ube mnye:a) Sebenzisa igridi engasentla yokuhlola ileta.b) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola izincoko engasentla.c) Sebenzisa le gridi ukuhlola lo msebenzi.
Isakhiwo 6
Izihloko 6
unamathelwano 2
Iingcebiso nezindululo 10
umxholo 4
upelo lwamagama 2
30
d) Sebenzisa le gridi ukuhlola lo msebenzi.
UHLOLO
Ikota yoku-1: Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni
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Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukufunda nokubukela
Icandelo AUmbuzo woku-1: Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Wafumanisa ukuba eli khondo afuna ukulilandela linzima kwaye
linemithetho eqatha. (2)b) Ukuba ngumazisi. (1)c) ULinda ukhathazwa yinto yokokuba ibala kushishino lisekude
ekumeleni uluntu. Iintsingiselo zalo kufuneka ziqalise ukuhambisana kunye nezo zininzi zesizwe kwaye ngokwangoku akukho lulungiselelo lokwazisa kwikharityhulamu yesikolo. (3)
d) Uzifumana emathongweni, kumtshizo wamanzi xa uhlamba, ukuphuma nokutshona kwelanga okanye kwingxolo yamaza olwandle. (4)
e) Ukuba unomdla kweli kamva kufuneka unolwazi, ufunde kwaye uhambele iindawo. (2)
f ) Ukufundela nukuba ngumazisi. Naziphi ezinye eziza nabafundi eziphuhlisa intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. (2)
g) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2)h) Ikamva kunye nemiceli-mngeni yalo. (2)i) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2) [20]
Umbuzo wesi-2: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimia) Umntwana – ubuncinane ngokuzalwa. (2)b) Abazali, unozala, isizalo, inzala. Naziphi na izivakalisi eziphuhlisa
intsingiselo yala magama. (6)c) Isikolo – skool – kwisiBhulu – ngokufakela isimaphambili sesiXhosa. (2)d) Usana, imveku, imfambilini. Nasiphi isivakalisi esamkelekileyo
esinala magama. (4)e) Akulahlwa mbeleko ngakufelwa. (2)f ) Kwintlanganiso nabazali, kufuneka umzali abuze utitshala malunga
nenkqubela-phambili yomntwana wakhe. (2)g) Sisahlulo esithile kwicandelo laseburhulumenteni. Isebe
lemvula, lomthi. (2) [20]
Umsebenzi wesi-5 Ukushwankathela
IsishwankatheloSebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isishwankathelo engasentla.
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3i k o t a y e s i - 2 • u h l o l o
Umsebenzi wesi-5 Intetho engalungiselelwanga
a) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola intetho xa uhlola lo msebenzi. (15)b) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola intetho xa uhlola lo msebenzi. (20)
Uviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni
Umsebenzi wesi-6
IPHEPHA LOKU-1
Icandelo A
Umsebenzi woku-1 Uvavanyo lokuqonda1. Apha sibona uMphathiswa wezezimali kunye noosomashishini
betshayelela imali beyifaka emigqomeni. Abanye oosomashishini baphethe iimophu. Intsingiselo yoku kukuba makucocwe onke amatyala. Xa ubani ewacutha okanye ewaphelisa amatyala, oko kuthetha ukuba uza kukwazi ukugcina imali. Ukanti xa enamatyala amaninzi. akasayi kukwazi ukugcina imali. (5)
2. a) Umdlalo phakathi kweqela leBafana Bafana neFransi. (1)b) Apha yayilukhuphiswano lweNdebe yeHlabathi lweBhola eKhatywayo.
Apha kwakuqubisene uMzantsi Afrika nelizwe laseFransi. (1)c) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Thatha ezo zenza
intsingiselo kwaye esixhasiweyo. (1)d) Ewe babonakala ngokuvuthela iivuvuzela nokucula ngamanye
amaxesha. (2)e) Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kumfundi. (2)f ) Lwavuya kakhulu kuba iqela lesizwe lakwazi ukuzibonakalisa
kwamanye amazwe. (2)g) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)h) Lumanayano nobumbano. (2)i) Imidlalo iyakwazi ukudibanisa isizwe. (2) (15) [20]
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ulwimi
a) Kushushu – kuyabanda Ehlala – enyuka Ulwelo – nomkhenkce (4)b) Amachaphaza – chapha (2)c) Amatyana – bonisa ubungakanani bobuninzi. (1)d) Ingcibi yamanzi ifa ngamanzi, eyezikhali ifa zizikhali (2)e) La – Isalathandawo sento ekufuphi kumntu othethayo nakulowo
kuthethwa naye. (2)
UHLOLO
Ikota yesi-2: Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni
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f ) Ichaphaza, iphahla, amanzi (3)g) Oqinileyo, elikhenkcekileyo – izibaluli; zomkhenkce, emvula,
esichotya, lemvula, lesichotho – isimnini (4)h) Iqhaqahazelisa amazinyo. (1)i) Zisetyenziswe kwizivakalisi ezide. (1) (20) [40]
Icandelo B
Umsebenzi woku-1 Ushwankathelo
Sebenzisa irubrikhi ekhoyo kule ncwadi ukuhlola lo msebenzi. [10]
Icandelo C1, C2 noC3 [80]
QAPHELA: Akuzi kuba kho zimpendulo njengoko kungekho mibuzo.
Ukubhala
IPHEPHA LESI-2
Icandelo A (60)Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko ekhoyo kule ncwadi.
Icandelo B (60)a) –c) Sebenzisa iigridi zokuhlola iileta ekhoyo kule ncwadi.d) Sebenzisa igridi yokuhlola ingxelo ekhoyo kule ncwadi.e) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola uncwadi ekhoyo kule ncwadi.f ) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko. (30 x 2 = 60)
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Umsebenzi wesi-7
Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kwincwadi yedrama eyenziwayo. (30)
Umsebenzi wesi-8
Sebenzisa irubrikhi ephantsi kwentetho. (20)
Umsebenzi we-9
Icandelo A
Umsebenzi woku-1 Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Abafundi banokunika ezabo. Yamkela
nayiphi echanekileyo. (2)b) Kungcoliseke umlambo ngoku amanzi amdaka kwaye izidalwa
ezihlala apha ziyafa. (2)c) Lolwamanzi (2)d) Indalo ayiphila apho kukho amanzi angcolisekileyo. (2)e) Yimisebenzi yabantu kunye nezilwanyana ezifana neenkomo. (4)f ) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya nkwahlukana. Thatha nayiphi ezathuzelweyo. g) Nantsi enye: Ikhona ukuba abantu banokuyeka ukulahla inkunkuma
nandawoni. h) kwaye baqinisekise kukho iindawo zokusela kwezilwanyana ezithile. (2)i) Utyatyazo, icesina, isisu segazi, ukukrala kwesisu. (2)j) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)k) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2) [20]
Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ulwimi
1. a) Umntu, isintu, uluntu, ubuntu. Izivakalaisi ezichanekileyo eziphuhlisa intsingiseloi yamagama. (4)
b) Le salatha into ekufuphi kumntu othethayo nakumntu ekuthethwa naye. (2)
c) Ukusweleka, ukubhubha, ukutshaba. (2)d) Ukwambath’ ingubo kaqaqaqa. Isivakalisi esiphuhlisa intsingiselo (2)e) Engqondweni, emzimbeni, kwezihlunu, kwentliziyo, kwimithambo.
Naziphi izivakalisi ezakhiwe ngezalathandawo ezibini. (2) [12]
2. a) Ilitye – elisendalweni, into elukhuni, umatshini wokusila, into eyakhiwayo okanye ixhonywe kubhalwe zonke izinto zesikhumbuzo songasekhoyo ibekwe phezu kwengcwaba, iimbobo zomzi kanantsi kuthiwa ngamatye: amatye alo mzi mane; akasibhozwanga! (3)
b) Iliso – apho umlambo uqala khona. Isivakalisi masiphuhlise le ntsingiselo. (2)
UHLOLO
Ikota yesi-3: Uhlolo olusesikweni
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c) Iyeza. Isivakalisi masiphuhlise le ntsingiselo. (1)d) Isebe lomthi, lemvula. Isahlulo kwicandelo elithile
laseburhulumenteni. (2) (8) [40]
Icandelo B
IsishwankatheloSebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isishwankathelo ukuhlola lo msebenzi. (10)
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7i k o t a y e s i - 4 • u h l o l o
UHLOLO
Ikota yesi-4: Umsebenzi wohlolo olusesikweni
Icandelo A
Umbuzi woku-1 Uvavanyo lokuqonda
a) UZolile uhlala esoyika akucinga ngomhlobo wakhe owaswelekela ezandleni zakhe emva kokunyanzelwa ukuba asele ityhefu ngabaphathi bakhe. (2)
b) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)c) Impatho-gadalala emsebenzini. Abafundi bangeza nezabo. Yamkela
nayiphi enika intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. (2)d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. Yamkela impendulo enika
intsingiselo kwaye ezathuzelwetyo. (2)e) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2)f ) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. Nantsi enye. Wayefuna ukucima
ityala ukuze abaphathi bangabanjwa. (2) g) Abanalo kwaye xa bengasakufuni bamele kukunika izizathu
zokungakufuni kwabo baze bakunike zonke iimali zakho kodwa oko bekwenza ngokwemithetho yabasebenzi. (2)
h) Kukubeka imithetho engqinqwa apho umqeshi kufuneka ebanjiweni xa ethe wakuphatha gadalala. Imithetho ekhusela abasebenzi kufuneka isebenzile ingabhalwa phantsi kuphela. (4)
i) Nasemisebenzini abasebenzi baphathwa kakubi. (2) [20]
a) Umntu, isintu, uluntu, ubuntu. Yamkela naziphi izivakalisi ezichanekileyo ezakhiwe ngala magama.
b) Abantwana – sibonisa ubuncinane ngokuzalwa. Ndlwana – sibonisa ubuncinane ngokobungakanani; kwimadlalana – ubuncinane ngokobungakanani
c) Emakhitshini, kwilokishi, eMdantsane, phandle – isalathandawo, ngemini – isihlomelo sexesha; kakhulu – isihlomelo sobunjani
d) Yabantu, wabo, wakhe, zaseMdantsane, bakhe, yezulu, wabamelwane – izimnini, ezincinane, zincinane – iziphawuli
e) Ezi – zalatha into ekufuphi kumntu othethayo nakulowo kuthethwa naye. f ) Umakhulu wakhe ebesoloko eboph’ amabande.g) Usana, imveku, imfambilini h) Izindlukazi – sibonisa isandiso. i) Ukudibanisa izinto ezingadibaniyo.j) Bonke – sime endaweni yesibizo. Yonke – siyagxininisa.
Icandelo B: IsishwankatheloSebenzisa irubrikhi ukuhlola lo msebenzi. Irubrikhi iphantsi kwesishwankathelo esikhoyo kule ncwadi. (10)
Umbuzo wesi-2 Ukuphuhlisa isigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi
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Icandelo C 1: Isihobe1. (i) Uzama ukusibonisa ukubaluleka kwamanzi.
(ii) Ngokwezitanza kunye nemiqolo kwisitanza ngasinye, imiqolo mine. (iii) Ubonisa ukuba indalo xa iyonke ayinakuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi. (iv) Umbhali wonwabile kwizitanza zokuqala kuba usixelela
ngokubaluleka kwamanzi kodwa imo yakhe iyatshintsha xa esixelela ngengozi ebangelwa ngamanzi.
(v) Akunqongophala, kumhla walawula kuFa – isimntwisi siphuhlisa umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso sibona umntu olawulayo.Entl’ Afrika sibalulek’ okwegolide – isifaniso siphuhlisa umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ubona indlela alondolozwa naxatyiswe ngayo amanzi ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo.Amawakawaka aqungquluzile yitsunami – sisihlonipho kuhlonitshwa ukufa. Umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ukubona izidumbu zabantu nomfanekiso wesikhumba ukuba novakalelo ngabo baswelekileyo. Kuba sinqab’ okwezinyo lenkuku – isifaniso – umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ukubona kunqongophele amanzi engafumaneki kwaye ikwangumfanekiso-ngqondweni wesikhumba ukuva intlungu yokungafumani amaninzi uwafuna.
(vi) Lo mhobe usichazela ngokubaluleka kwamanzi kodwa ebalulekile enjalo akwayingozi kuba kwezinye iindawo ezisempuma kubakho iitsunami. Kumintla we-Afrika amanzi axatyiswe kakhulu. Siyaxelelwa ukuba amanzi abaluleke kwindalo jikelele kwaye ngaphandle kwawo akukho mpilo.
2. Impendulo iza kuxhomekeka kumhobe owenziweyo.
Icandelo C 2: InoveliIimpendulo zale mibuzo ziya kuxhomekeka kwinoveli eyenziwayo.
Icandelo C 3: IdramaIimpendulo zale mibuzo ziya kuxhomekeka kwidrama eyenziwayo.
Ukubhala
Icandelo A: Izincoko• Hlolaizincokongeerubrikhiezikhoyokulencwadi.• Nikaabafundiithubaelaneleyolokuyakuphandangesihlokongasinye.
Xoxani eklasini ngolwazi oluze nomfundi ngamnye. Phinda ubethelele kakhulu kwinkqubo yokubhala ukuze abafundi bakho balulungele uviwo.
• Enyakenibachazeleukubamabasebenziseimephuyengqondoekucwangciseni iingcinga zabo, oko kuya kubanceda kakhulu ekucwangciseni imihlathi yabo.
• Bethelelakubafundiukubalulekakokutolikaulwaziolubonwayoukuzebakwazi ukubhala izincoko zabo.
• Phakathienyakenizamaukuwuqhelisalomsebenzi.
Icandelo B: Izicatshulwa ezide• Njengokoselekutshiwongasentla,bethelelakwinkquboyokubhala
kubafundi. Inkqubo yokubhala inceda kakhulu ekucwangciseni iingcinga neengcamango.
• Aphaabafundibangabhalaebodiniumsebenziobuziweyo.• Bangasebenzakakhulungokwamaqelaxabesenzaumsebenzingamnye
baze lo msebenzi bawufundele iklasi kwaye ukorekishwe ngamaqela. Oku kuya kuhlala ezingqondweni zabo.
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4.4 INKQUBO YOKUHLOLA
INkqubo yokuHlola yenzelwe ukubonisa imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni kuzo zonke izifundo esikolweni ngokwekota.
4.4.1 Ezi theyibhile zilandelayo zinika amagqabantshintshi ngeemfuno zeNkqubo yokuHlola kwikota nganye
kwisiXhosa uLwimi lwaseKhaya/lweenkobe: Itheyibhile 4.1: Amabanga 10 - 11
INkqubo yokuHlola I-SBA ngokwekota
Ikota yoku-1: Uvavanyo olu-1 olubhalwayo + Imisebenzi emi-3
Ikota yesi-2: Umsebenzi woku-1 + Uviwo lukaJuni olu-1 (olwaphakathi enyakeni) luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala
Ikota yesi-3: Uvavanyo olu-1 olubhalwayo + Imisebenzi emi-2
Ikota yesi-4: Uviwo olu-1 lokuphela konyaka luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala + Iphepha 3: I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: + Umsebenzi woku-1
Inqaku lekota (Ikota yoku-1 – 4): • Kwikota nganye, dibanisa amanqaku ngobunjalo bawo kunye neetotali uze uwaguqulele kwipesenti (%)
yenqaku lekota. Inqaku lokupasa:
• Dibanisa amanqaku ngobunjalo bawo kunye neetotali zemisebenzi yokuhlola ukusukela kwikota yokuqala ukuya kwikota yesi-4 uze uwaguqulele kuma-25%.
• Guqula iPhepha loku-1 libe ngu-32,5%, • Guqula iPhepha lesi-2 libe ngu-30%, • Guqula inqaku le-orali / lentetho yomlomo (iPhepha lesi-3) libe ngu-12,5%.
Itheyibhile 4.2: Amabanga 10 - 11
INkqubo yokuHlola Ikota yoku-1
Umsebenzi woku-1 Umsebenzi wesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-3 Umsebenzi wesi-4 *I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Ukuphulaphulela ukuthetha
**Ukubhala: Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo kwiBanga 10. Ukubhala: isincoko socamngco / esivelela amacala amabini ngokulinganayo / esixoxayo. kwiBanga 11.
**Ukubhala: Ukubhala imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / esesikweni (yesicelo / yesikhalazo / yesicelo somsebenzi / yoshishino) / iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso / ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini / intetho / incoko yababini / udliwanondlebe.
Uvavanyo loku-1: Ukuqondwa nosetyenziso lolwimi noshwankathelo. OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide.
Ikota yesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-5 Umsebenzi wesi-6 **I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni zangoJuni Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala
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Ikota yesi-3 Umsebenzi wesi-7 Umsebenzi wesi-8 Umsebenzi we-9 Uncwadi: Isincoko soncwadi *I-orali/Intetho yomlomo:
Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Uvavanyo lwesi-2: Ukuqondwa nosetyenziso lolwimi noshwankathelo OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide.
Ikota yesi-4
Umsebenzi we-10 Umsebenzi we-11
*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Elungisiweyo - Ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo kwiBanga 10. I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: intetho elungisiweyo - Ingxelo / irivyu kwiBanga 11.
Uviwo lokuphela konyaka: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala Iphepha 3: Ii-orali / intetho yomlomo
Itheyibhile 4.3: IBanga 12
INkqubo yokuHlola Uviwo lwangaphandle
I-SBA ngokwekota Ikota yoku-1:
Uvavanyo olu-1 olubhalwayo + Imisebenzi emi-4
Ikota yesi-2: Imisebenzi emi-2 + Uviwo lukaJuni olu-1 (olwaphakathi enyakeni) luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala
Ikota yesi-3: Uviwo lukaSeptemba olu-1 luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala OKANYE Uvavanyo olubhalwayo + Umsebenzi woku-1
Ikota yesi-4: Uviwo lwangaphandle olu-1 luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala + Iphepha 3: I-orali/Intetho yomlomo:
Inqaku lekota (Ikota yoku-1 – 3): • Kwikota nganye, dibanisa amanqaku ngobunjalo bawo kunye neetotali uze uwaguqulele kwipesenti (%)
yenqaku lekota. Inqaku le-SBA:
• Dibanisa amanqaku ngobunjalo bawo kunye neetotali zemisebenzi yokuhlola ukusukela kwikota yokuqala ukuya kwikota yesi-3 uze uwaguqulele kuma-25%.
Uviwo lwangaphandle • Guqula iPhepha loku-1 libe ngu-32,5%, • Guqula iPhepha lesi-2 libe ngu-30%, • Guqula inqaku le-orali / intetho yomlomo (iPhepha lesi-3) libe ngu-12,5%.
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Itheyibhile 4.4: IBanga 12
INkqubo yokuHlola
Ikota yoku-1
Umsebenzi woku-1 Umsebenzi wesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-3 Umsebenzi wesi-4
Umsebenzi wesi-5
*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda
Ukubhala: Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esivelela amacala omabini / esocamngco / esixoxayo
Ukubhala: Ukubhala imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / esesikweni (yesicelo / yesikhalazo / yesicelo somsebenzi / yoshishino) / iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso / ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini / intetho / incoko yababini / udliwanondlebe.
I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Uvavanyo loku-1: Ukuqondwa nosetyenziso lolwimi noshwankathelo. OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide.
Ikota yesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-6 Umsebenzi wesi-7 Umsebenzi wesi-8 Isincoko soncwadi
*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni zangoJuni Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala
Ikota yesi-3 Umsebenzi we-9 Umsebenzi we-10 I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: intetho elungisiweyo - Ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo.
**Iimviwo zamalungiselelo zangoSeptemba Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala
Qaphela: Uvavanyo lweNkqubo yokuHlola malube lunye hayi uthotho lweemvavanyo ezininzi ezimfutshane. Uvavanyo ngalunye kufanele luquke isixa esikhulu somxholo kwaye luthabathe imizuzu engama-45-60 lubonise amazing ohlukeneyo engqiqo kanye okwamaphepha eemviwo.
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4.4.2 Iimviwo Ifomathi yamaphepha eemviwo: Iphepha loku-1 nelesi-2 IPHEPHA ICANDELO AMANQAKU IXESHA
1. Uk
ufun
da n
okub
ukela
A: Ukuqondwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi (Uluhlu lweetekisi lunokusetyenziswa kuquka iitekisi ezibonwayo okanye imifanekiso)
40 (2x20)
130
3 iiyure
B: Ushwankathelo: Isicatshulwa masingakhutshwa kwitekisi yovavanyo lokuqonda. Ubude betekisi:
10
Amabanga Inani lamagama
10 ngamagama amalunga nama-220
11 ngamagama amalunga nama-250
12 ngamagama amalunga nama-270
C: Uncwadi
C1: Isihobe - esifundisiweyo (Seen) (makuphendulwe imibuzo emibini emifutshane / imibuzo yesincoko soncwadi evela kwimibongo emine.) kunye nesingafundiswanga (Unseen) (imibuzo emifutshane kuphela) (Esifundisiweyo = 20; Esingafundiswanga = 10)
30
C2: Inoveli okanye / uncwadi lwemveli - Umbuzo osisincoko soncwadi okanye umbuzo omfutshane. Hlola oku kulandelayo kwisincoko soncwadi:
• Umxholo (ukuhlalutywa kwesihloko, ubunzulu bengxoxo, indlela azakuzela ngayo ingxoxo leyo nokuyilandela kakuhle inoveli / udidi loncwadi lwemveli oluchongiweyo) (ngama-60%).
• Ulwimi nesakhiwo (isakhiwo, ukuthungelana kwengxoxo, ubugcisa bokusebenzisa ulwimi, imvakalozwi nesimbo sokubhala) (ngama-40%).
25
C3: Idrama - Umbuzo osisincoko soncwadi okanye umbuzo omfutshane. QAPHELA: Abaviwa kufuneka baphendule umbuzo OMDE OMNYE (OSISINCOKO) nombuzo OMNYE OMFUTSHANE kwiCandelo C2 okanye C3. Ubude besincoko soncwadi:
25
Amabanga
Inani lamagama
10 240 - 290 amagama
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11 290 - 340 amagama
12 340 - 390 amagama
Hlola oku kulandelayo kwisincoko sedrama: • Umxholo (ukuhlalutywa kwesihloko, ubunzulu bengxoxo,
indlela azakuzela ngayo ingxoxo leyo nokuyilandela kakuhle idrama) (ngama-60%).
• Ulwimi (isakhiwo, ukuthungelana kwengxoxo, ubugcisa bokusebenzisa ulwimi, imvakalozwi nesimbo sokubhala) (ngama-40%).
IPHEPHA ICANDELO AMANQAKU IXESHA
2. Uk
ubha
la
A: Isincoko – Sinye qwaba Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esocamngco / esixoxayo / esivelela amacala omabini / esivelela amacala onke ngokulinganayo. Ubude bombuzo omde (osisincoko):
60
120 3 iiyure
Amabanga
Inani lamagama 10
240 - 290 amagama 11 290 - 340 amagama 12 340 - 390 amagama
Hlola oku kulandelayo: • Umxholo nocwangciso (ngama-60%). • Ulwimi, isimbo sokubhala nokuhlela (ngama-30%). • Isakhiwo (li-10%).
B: Iitekisi ezimbini – imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / esesikweni (yesicelo / yesikhalazo / yesicelo somsebenzi / yoshishino / yombulelo / yovuyiswano / yovelwano) / iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso / ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini / intetho / incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe. Ubude betekisi:
60 (2 X 30)
Amabanga Inani lamagama
10 - 12 100 – 120 amagama umxholo kuphela
Hlola oku kulandelayo: • Umxholo, ucwangciso nefomathi (ngama-60%). • Ulwimi, isimbo sokubhala nokuhlela (ngama-40%).
Umxholo omawufundiswe Ukuhlola kujoliswe kanye kowona mxholo ofundiswayo ofumaneka kolu xwebhu. Ngenxa yokuthungelwana komxholo kumaBanga e10-12 jikelele, lo umxholo nezakhono uza kuhlolwa ngokupheleleyo kumaphepha angaphandle (external papers) eBanga le-12.. Imisebenzi yokuhlolwa ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo: Iphepha lesi-3 Imisebenzi yokuhlolwa ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo yonke eyenziwe enyakeni kwiBanga le-12 iyinxalenye yokuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwibanga le-12. Ingama-50 amanqaku kuma-300 amanqaku okuhlola kwangaphandle okwenziwa ekupheleni konyaka. Iinkcukacha ezingundoqo ngemisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo eyenziwa enyakeni zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
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Iphepha lesi-4
IINKCUKACHA AMANQAKU Ii-
orali
Yonke imisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo isetwa, ihlolwe esikolweni kodwa iphononongwe (imodareythwe) ngaphandle.
• Ukuthetha: Intetho elungisiweyo / elungiselelweyo
Hlola: Izakhono zokuphanda, ukuceba nokucwangcisa umxholo, imvakalozwi, izakhono zokuthetha, ulwazi olunzulu ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi, ukuchonga isigama, uyilo nosetyenziso lwezincedisi eziviwa ngeendlebe kunye neziviwa ngendlebe zikwabonwa nangamehlo.
2X10
20
50
• Intetho engalungiswanga (equbulayo) Hlola: Ukuceba nokucwangcisa umxholo ngokugqibeleleyo, imvakalozwi, izakhono zokuthetha, ulwazi olunzulu ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi.
15
• Ukuphulaphula Hlola: Ukuphulaphulisisa ukuze uqonde okuthethwayo, uhlangule ulwazi oluthile kuko khon’uze ukuphonononge ngokunzulu.
15
15
4.5 UKUREKHODA NOKURIPOTA
Ukurekhoda yinkqubo apho utitshala abhala phantsi izinga lokusebenza lomfundi ngamnye kumsebenzi othile ohlolwayo. Kubonisa inkqubela-phambili yomfundi ekuzixhobiseni ngolwazi oluxeliweyo ngokweeNkcazelo zePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola. Iirekhodi zomsebenzi womfundi kufanele zinike ubungqina ngenkqubela-phambili yomfundi ngokwebanga kunye nokulungela kwakhe ukuqhubela phambili xa epasile ukuya kwibanga elilandelayo. Iirekhodi zomsebenzi womfundi kufanele zisetyenziswe ukungqinisisa inkqubela-phambili eyenziwe ngootitshala nabafundi kwinkqubo yokufundisa nokufunda.
Ukukhupha iripoti okanye ingxelo yinkqubo yokwazisa abafundi, abazali babo, isikolo nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba malunga nendlela asebenza ngayo umfundi ezifundweni zakhe gabalala. Zininzi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukunika iripoti okanye ingxelo ngomsebenzi womfundi. Ziquka amakhadi eripoti okanye engxelo, ukubiza iintlanganiso nabazali, iintsuku zokutyelela esikolweni, iinkomfa zabazali nootitshala, ukufownela abazali, ukuthumela iileta kubazali, ukuthumela oolindixesha besikolo okanye beklasi kubazali, njalo njalo. Ootitshala kumabanga onke banika iripoti okanye ingxelo ngokweepesenti ngesifundo ngasinye. Amazinga ohlukeneyo empumeleloa kunye neepesenti ahambelana nazo adweliswe kwiTheyibhile engasezantsi.
IIKHOWUDI NEEPESENTI ZOKUREKHONDA NOKURIPOTA (NOKUNIKA INGXELO NGOMSEBENZI)
IKHOWUDI INKCAZELO NGENDLELA AQHUBE NGAYO KUMSEBENZI WAKHE UMFUNDI
IPESENTI
7 Uphumelele ngokugqwesileyo 80 – 100 6 Uphumelele emagqabini 70 – 79 5 Uphumelele ngokuqaqambileyo 60 – 69 4 Uphumelele ngokwanelisayo 50 – 59 3 Uphumelele ngokufanelekileyo 40 – 49 2 Uphumelele ngokuyinxalenye 30 – 39 1 Akaphumelelanga 0 - 29
Ootitshala besiXhosa mabarekhode amanqaku achanekileyo kumsebenzi ngamnye ohlolwayo besebenzisa iphepha lokurekhoda elisemthethweni; banike iripoti ngokweepesenti kwisiXhosa kwiripoti khadi yomfundi.
4.6 UPHONONONGO LOKUHLOLA
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Uphononongo okanye imodareyshini yinkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi ehlolwayo ichanekile, yamkelekile kwaye isemgangathweni ochanekileyo. Uphononongo lwenziwa esikolweni, esithilini, kwiphondo nakwandlunkulu. Zonke iinkqubo ezichanekileyo neziqingqiweyo zokuphonononga okanye zokumodareytha kufuneka zimiliselwe ukungqinisisa yonke imisebenzi yesiXhosa ehlolwayo.
4.6.1 Ukuhlola okusesikweni (i-SBA)
• Iimvavanyo noviwo kumaBanga 10 nele-11 ziphononongwa okanye zimodareythwe esikolweni. Umcebisi wesiXhosa wesithili / iphondo unoxanduva olusemthethweni lokuphonononga / ukumodareytha isampuli yemisebenzi ehlolwayo ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kanye xa endwendwele okanye etyelele esikolweni ukungqinisisa umgangatho owamkelekileyo wemisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kunye nophononongo / imodareyshini eyenziwe yintloko yesiXhosa.
• Iimvavanyo kunye neemviwo zeBanga 12 kufuneka ziphononongwe okanye zimodareythwe kwiphondo. Le nkqubo isingathwa lisebe lemfundo kwiphondo.
• Abacebisi besiXhosa kufuneka baphonononge okanye bamodareythe iisampuli zeemvavanyo namaphepha eemviwo phambi kokuba abhalwe ngabafundi ukungqinisisa imigangatho nokunika ootitshala besiXhosa isikhokelo sokuseta ngokusemgangathweni le misebenzi yokuhlolwa imiselweyo.
4.6.2 Imisebenzi yokuhlola ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo • Kumabanga 10-11: Umsebenzi ngamnye we-orali / wentetho yomlomo oyinxalenye yeNkqubo yokuHlola
kufuneka ungeniswe ngutitshala kwintloko yesiXhosa (HOD) ukuze iwuphonononge (iwumodareythe) phambi kokuba wenziwe ngabafundi. Ootitishala bahlola imisebenzi yokuhlolwa ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kwiBanga le-10 nele-11. Umcebisi esithilini okanye kwiphondo kufuneka aphonononge okanye amodareythe imisebenzi yokuhlolwa ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo xa etyelele esikolweni ukungqinisisa umgangatho wemisebenzi leyo nophononongo okanye imodareyshini eyenziwe esikolweni.
• KwiBanga 12: Yonke imisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo isetwa, ihlolwe esikolweni kodwa iphononongwe (imodareythwe) ngaphandle. Umsebenzi ngamnye we-orali / wentetho yomlomo oyinxalenye yeNkqubo yokuHlola kufuneka ungeniswe ngutitshala kwintloko yesiXhosa (HOD) ukuze iwuphonononge (iwumodareythe) phambi kokuba wenziwe ngabafundi. Ngumsebenzi katitshala ukuhlola imisebenzi ehlolwayo ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo. Umcebisi wesithili / iphondo unoxanduva olusemthethweni lokuphonononga / ukumodareytha isampuli yemisebenzi ehlolwayo ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kanye xa endwendwele okanye etyelele esikolweni ukungqinisisa umgangatho owamkelekileyo wemisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kunye nophononongo / imodareyshini eyenziwe yintloko yesiXhosa. Kunyanzelekile ukuba isampuli yabafundi kwisikolo ngasinye iphononongwe okanye imodareythwe ukungqinisisa umgangatho womsebenzi wabo we-orali / wentetho yomlomo.
4.7 ULWAZI GABALALA
Olu xwebhu kufanele ukuba lusetyenziswe kunye nala alandelayo: 4.7.1 National Protocol of Assessment Grades R – 12 4.7.2 Izikhokelo zoviwo lwesifundo ngasinye ezikuxwebhu lwepolisi esayilwayo, ethi: National policy
pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement, Grades R - 12
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ULUHLU LWAMAGAMA Abantu abafumana ulwazi (abaphulaphuli, ababukeli) - aba ngabantu ekujoliswe kubo xa benikwa ulwazi oluthile; xa beza kuphulaphula okuthethwayo, babuke oku kwisicatshulwa ke ngoko, ababhali kufuneka basoloko becinga ngenjongo kwanabantu abamkela ulwazi abazakufunda, babuke ezo zinxibelelanisi. Amagama ahamba kunye: ngamagama asoloko ehamba kunye esetyenziswa kunye umz intlaka nexolo, amathe nolwimi. Enabileyo - xa into ibhalwe ngendlela ngendlela enabileyo, kuxa kunikwe iinkcukacha. Exhalabisayo - apha eli gama lisetyenziselwe ukubonakalisa indlela ekuthi xa umfundi esenza iziphene ezininzi xa ebhala, lowo ufunda into ayibhalileyo atsho anxube, angonwabi, ngenxa yezo ziphene.; kutsho ke kufuneke xa kunjalo utitshala oza kuba neliso kuloo mfundi, amncede Ezibhidanisiweyo - kubhekiselwe kwizimvo ezingabhalekanga kakuhle kwaphela, de athi ubani ofunda loo nto ibhalwe ngolo hlobo angayiva. Ezizezabo (izicatshulwa) - Xa umfundi eyila isicatshulwa kubalulekile ukuba aze nezakhe izimvo, angazinyibi ndawo, zivele kuye buqu. Fanelekileyo - kuxa kusetyenziswe ulwimi olufanelekileyo ngokwemo leyo, umz: xa uthetha nomntu omdala okanye umntu ohloniphekileyo kwimeko yomsebenzi, uchonga ulwimi olufanele loo meko. Igama elakhiwe kwelinye - eli ligama elakhiwe kwelinye igama okanye elakhiwe kwingcambu, (umz:-sela=intselo); la magama adla ngokwakhiwa ngokufakela izimaphambili okanye izimamva. Ii-akhronim - igama elakhiwe ngoonobumba bokuqala egameni xa lifinyeziwe, umz: iNkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke (NKS). Iilitherasi - apha kubhekiswa kwiindidi ngeendidi zelitherasi(umz: ukwazi ukubona uqonde izinto ozibona ngeliso lenyama, imizobo, ukubala, kunye nokulandela izinto ezinxulumene norhwebo. Iindidi zoncwadi - apha kubhekiswa kwindlela uncwadi oluhlelwa ngayo (umz: inoveli, amabalana amafutshane, izincoko / amavo, izibongo,idrama okanye ifilimu). Amagama antsingiselo zichaseneyo - apha kudla ngokudibanisa amagama antsingiselo zichaseneyongabom, kusenzelwa isiphumo esithile. Xa kusenziwa le nto kusetyenziswa isichazi sihambelane nesibizo esichasene naso. Amagama asetyenziswa ngempazamo - kuxa ubani esebenzisa amagama antsonkothileyo ngelizama ukubonisa abantu ukuba uyalwazi yena ulwimi olo; nangona la magama enokubonakala ngathi afanelekile, kodwa ngendlela asetyenziswe ngayo aye abangeleukuhlekisa. Imeko(yetekisi) – itekisi isoloko isetyenziswa, yakhiwe ikwimo; imo ke ibandakanya iimeko ezifana nokusebenzisa izicatshulwa ezingqamene nezentlalo, ezenkcubeko nezepolitiki, umz; xa utitshala efundisa igrama, kufuneka angafundisi amagama ezimele koko ekwitekisi Imfanozandi- kukusetyenziswa kwezandi ezifanayo. Esi sangotshe sibaluleke kakhulu ekutyebiseni ulwimi nakuvuselelo-mizwa. Siwuzoba ngokupheleleyo umfanekiso waloo nto kuthethwa ngayo. Imbali - emfutshane enoburharha- le yimbali yeziganeko ezincinane ezibaliswa ngenjongo yokonwabisa, yokuchwayitisa, kwanokuveza ubunjani bomlinganiswa othile. Imbali - kubhekiswa kwibali elibaliswa ngomlomo okanye elibhaliweyo, elinezimvo ezilandelelana kakuhle ngokwendlela iziganeko ezenzeke ngayo. Imbeko - apha kuthethwa ngolwimi olusetyenziswa ngembeko; oku kubonisa ubuchule bokukhetha amagama afanelekileyo, umz:- ulwimi olusebenzisa xa uthetha nabantu abahloniphekileyo, nabadala alufani nolusetyenziswa ngoontanga bakho indlela ngeendlela zokusebenzisa ulwimi - ezi ndlela ngeendlela zibakho xa kukho ukulungelelaniswa okukhoyo kwisigama, kwiimo zezivakalisi namagama kunye nendlela igama elibizwa ngayo; oku ke kuyahluka kwingingqi nengingqi Ilitherasi - ilitherasi lulwazi lokufunda nokubhala, ukwazi ukusebenzisa amanani,ulwazi lwekhompyutha, ukuqonda indlela izixhobo ezibonwa ngeliso lenyama ezisetyenziswa ngayo njalo-njalo;eli gama lisenokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukukwazi ukulungisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluthile, kwanokubhalela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo; kukwabonakalisa ukwazi ukuvumbulula iintsingiselo ezendeleyo kwizicatshulwa nakulwimi, ukuze umntu asiqonde isicatshulwa ukuba singantoni Ilizwi likaNobalisa/lombalisi - eli lilizwi lomntu obalisa ibali;ungahlula phakathi kombalisi osebenzisa umntu wokuqala(umz: Ndi- usoloko engumlinganiswa ebalini, owenza izinto ngokwakhe - lifumaneka kakhulu
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kwizincoko/ kumavo) okanye umntu wesithathu, apho umbalisi abhekisa kubalinganiswa ngokuthi uThemba u ….okanye ooThemba ba…… Iindlela ngeendlela zokusebenzisa ulwimi - ezi ndlela ngeendlela zibakho xa kukho ukulungelelaniswa okukhoyo kwisigama, kwiimo zezivakalisi namagama kunye nendlela igama elibizwa ngayo; oku ke kuyahluka kwingingqi nengingqi Ilitherasi - ilitherasi lulwazi lokufunda nokubhala, ukwazi ukusebenzisa amanani,ulwazi lwekhompyutha, ukuqonda indlela izixhobo ezibonwa ngeliso lenyama ezisetyenziswa ngayo njalo-njalo;eli gama lisenokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukukwazi ukulungisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluthile, kwanokubhalela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo; kukwabonakalisa ukwazi ukuvumbulula iintsingiselo ezendeleyo kwizicatshulwa nakulwimi, ukuze umntu asiqonde isicatshulwa ukuba singantoni Ilizwi likaNobalisa/lombalisi - eli lilizwi lomntu obalisa ibali;ungahlula phakathi kombalisi osebenzisa umntu wokuqala(umz: Ndi- usoloko engumlinganiswa ebalini, owenza izinto ngokwakhe - lifumaneka kakhulu kwizincoko/ kumavo) okanye umntu wesithathu, apho umbalisi abhekisa kubalinganiswa ngokuthi uThemba u ….okanye ooThemba ba…… Imbali - emfutshane enoburharha- le yimbali yeziganeko ezincinane ezibaliswa ngenjongo yokonwabisa, yokuchwayitisa, kwanokuveza ubunjani bomlinganiswa othile. Imbali - kubhekiswa kwibali elibaliswa ngomlomo okanye elibhaliweyo, elinezimvo ezilandelelana kakuhle ngokwendlela iziganeko ezenzeke ngayo. Imbeko - apha kuthethwa ngolwimi olusetyenziswa ngembeko; oku kubonisa ubuchule bokukhetha amagama afanelekileyo, umz:- ulwimi olusebenzisa xa uthetha nabantu abahloniphekileyo, nabadala alufani nolusetyenziswa ngoontanga bakho Imibhalo yoqhagamshelwano - ezi ziitekisi ezifana neeleta, imizuzu yentlanganiso, ingxelo, iifeksi Imigaqo eyamkelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi - imigaqo eyamkelekileyo okanye xa kusetyenziswe intetho yolwimi; eminye imigaqo incedisa ekuqulatheni intsingiselo (umz: imigaqo yegrama, iziphumlisi, uhlobo oluthile lokusebenzisa oonobumba xa kuchwethezwa) ize eminye incedise ekuchazeni isiqulatho (umz: uluhlu lweziqulatho, indlela yokucwangcisa okuthile, izihloko, iitshathi, uluhlu, imifanekiso kunye nesalathiso) Imizobo – kubhekiswa kwimveliso yezokubonwa ngeliso lenyama, nezobugcisa ezizotywe ngesandla okanye ngekhompyutha, eziyiliweyo, njalo njalo Imo yokunxibelelanisa - zininzi iindlela zokunxibelelanisa, umz: ngokubhala, ngokuthetha okanye incoko yomlomo, ngokwenza imifanekiso ebonwa ngeliso lenyama (ibandakanya imizobo enjengeetshati); lwazi ke lungaguquguqulwa lususwe kwenye imo, luye kwenye (njengokusuka ekusebenziseni igrafu uye ekubhaleni umhlathi, usebenzise ulwazi ulususa kwi-orali/ kwintetho yomlomo uye kumfanekiso ophawuliweyo) Imo yomphefumlo - apha kuthethwa ngendlela umbhali woncwadi aziva ngayo xa ebhala incwadi, nokuba libali okanye isibongo; le mo ke idla ngokudizwa ngamagama asetyenziswayo (umz: ‘Yayiziinyembezi zodwa ecaleni kwaloo bhasi yayiqungquluzile’ la magama mabini anomgca ngaphantsi abonisa ukuba akonwatywanga apha Impazamo yokusebenzisa amagama amade ngendlela engafanelekanga - abanye abantu bayathanda nje ukusebenzisa amagama amade nantsonkothileyo, bezama nje ukutsala amehlo, de loo magama bawasebenzise ngendlela engafanelekanga, nedala intsini kophulaphuleyo Impixano – yimeko apho abalinganiswa baphikisana ngezimvo; lungquzulwano lwezimvo olubakho phakathi komlinganiswa nakubalinganiswa ababini nangaphezulu, umlinganiswa nendalo okanye abantu nje; ungquzulwano olu lungenzeka ngenxa yeemfuno zabo okanye into abayixabisileyo (isenokuba yeyangaphakathi / yeyangaphandle). Impoxo – kusetyenziswa esi sagwelo kuthi kubekho ukuncoma okuphoxayo/ yintetho eveza into echasene nale nto ubani ayithethayo; apha kuphoxiswa ngomntu umz:- xa usithi kumntu ofike mva kunani: 'Ndiva kakubi ukuba sifike phambi kwakho', ube wena umphoxela le nto efike emva kwexesha; sukube apha uphoxisa ngomntu. (umz: Xa usithi kumntu ofike mva kunani: ‘Ndiva kakubi ukuba sifike phambi kwakho’. – ube wena umphoxela le nto efike emva kwexesha Inkcaso - kuxa kusetyenziswa izimvo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo umz:- ukubila usoma Inkcaso-vuthondaba - Kuxa bekulindeleke ukuba kufikelelwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu ebalini, sele kulindelwe ukuhla kwesiganeko esibalulekileyo okanye esonwabisayo, suke kungade kufikelelwe kuso;okusuke kwenzeke
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kukuba kwisakhiwo sebali kuvela iziyolisi, kungenjalo isiganekwana nje esingabalulekanga kuyaphi, okanye kuphambukwe kwisiganeko ebesiphethwe, kuvezwe esitsha. Inkqubo yolongezelelo lweelwimi ezininzi - xa umntu efunda ulwimi (iilwimi) ukongeza kulwimi lwakhe lwasekhaya / lwenkobe; oku akuthethi ukuba olu lwimi luthatha indawo yolwimi lwasekhaya, koko lufundwa kunye nalo Intetho edidekisayo – kuxa kusetyenziswe ulwimi oludidekisayo ngabom ukwenzela ukufihla izinto eziyinyaniso ezenzekileyo, zifihlelwa umfundi okanye umphulaphuli Intetho eqhelekileyo enokufaka amagama angekho sikweni – olu lulwimi olusetyenziswa xa kuncokolwa nje ngabantu, lube lona lungekho sikweni Intetho esebenzisa amagama angenasongo – kukusebenzisa amagama athile okanye uluvo oluthile, de kuphele nesongo sawo kuba esetyenziswa njalo; kude kulahleke nentsingiselo yawo Intetho esetyenziswa ngabantu bomsebenzi othile (ijagoni) - kukho amagama asetyenziswa ngabantu baloo msebenzi, wena mntu ungasebenzi apho ongenakuyilandela intsingiselo yawo, ngaphandle kokuba ude ucaciselwe umz:- ulwimi olusetyenziswa ngootithala, oonesi, oogqirha njalo njalo Intsingiselo ejijiweyo - yiloo ntsingiselo ivezwa sisivakalisi xa ubani esebenzise igama ngokungafanelekanga, okanye kwindawo engafanelekanga, aze athi lowo ulwaziyo ulwimi, xa efunda eso sivakalisi afumane ukuba intsingiselo iba yengeyiyo, okt. ijijiwe. Intsingiselo erheshayo - kuxa kusetyenziswe igama ngendlela apha engatsolisiyo, kodwa ube uqonda ukuba lirhesha into ethile, libugwegweleza, aliyi ngqo Intsingiselo eziwe ngecala - intsingiselo eziwe nje ngecala kwitekisi, engavezwanga ngendlela ethe ngqo Intsingiselo yentsusa/eqhelekileyo - yile ntsingiselo icacileyo yegama kuloo meko likuyo. umz:- Eli bhastile lam lihle. uthetha ngebhastile eli lihle liligungqu lokudlala, kanti xa intsingiselo ibifihlakele ngesithetha ngobuhle mhlawumbi bomfazi. Intsingiselo-mbini - indlela amagama asetyenziswa ngayo, ndlela leyo enokwenza athi ofundayo angaziqondi ncam ukuba elo gama lisetyenziswe kuyiphi kanye kanye imeko; le ndlela ke ingayijika intsingiselo Intsingiselo-zwi yesibini - le yintsingiselo yesibini engaphaya kwale yentsusa eqhelekileyo; umz: igama ihagu lithetha isilwanyana esi yihagu, kodwa xa usiya kwintsingiselo yesibini ingathetha ukutyeba, ubumdaka, ukubawa njalo njalo Intsusa - kubhekiswa kuloo nto esukela kuyo intshukumo okanye imeko I-oksimoroni – kwesi safobe kusetyenziswa amagama aphikisanayo ngohlobo lokuba umfundi abhideke, ibe ngathi ayicacanga eyona ntsingiselo yesiqwenga eso, kanti uya kuthi akusondela, ayiqonde into esiyithethayo. Intetho le iba ngathi iyaziphikisa kanti akunjalo I-Paradokisi: yintethwana enobutyhulu yokuthi ichasane noko kwamkeleke njengenyaniso. Irejista – amagama asetyenziswa kwimiba neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Umz. amagama asetyenziswa ngumfundi xa ethetha nomnye umfundi ongumhlobo wakhe ahlukile kumagama awasebenzisa xa ethetha notitshala amhloniphileyo. Isafobe – eli ligama okanye ibinzana elisetyenziswe ngendlela ezekelisayo, ukuphumeza loo ntsingiselo; imizekelo yezafobe zizifaniso, isimntwiso, isikweko njl. Isakhiwana sebali - yintshukumo encedisayo, ehamba calanye nesakhiwo esiphambili kwinoveli okanye umdlalo Isakhiwo sebali - esi sisicwangciso somsebenzi woncwadi ngakumbi kwiidrama neenoveli; isakhiwo sebali sibandakanya indlela le ilula yokulandelelana kweziganeko, ebonisa uzalwano phakathi kweziganeko, kubonakale futhi ukuba le into yenzeka ngenxa yaleya Isichasaniso- kusetyenziswa amagama achaseneyo ukucacisa imeko ethile Isichasi - ligama elibonisa into echaseneyo nelinye igama kwakolu lwimi lunye, umz:- ubhityile>utyebile Isifaniso - kuxa ufanisa into ethile nenye; apha kusetyenziswa amagama afana noo "njenge-", "nqwa ne-", "oku kwe-", umz:- Uhambisa oku kukanina Isigqebelo - yimeko eyenzeka ebalini apho, abantu abafundi bathi babe nolwazi angenalo yena umlinganiswa ngelo xesha ngento eseza kwenzeka kuye okanye kwabanye abalinganiswa; sinento yokwenza nembono/indlela ubani into ayibona ngayo/ kukusetyenziswa kwamagama ngendlela yokuba eyona ntsingiselo yokuthethwayo ifihlwe okanye iphikiswe/kusebenzisa intetho enentsingiselo ethwethwayo nefihlakeleyo, eyahlukileyo kuleyo ithe ngqo.
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Isigqebelo cim cim - luhlobo lwesigqebelo olwenzeka xa ngokwakwisakhiwo sebali, abantu abafumana ulwazi bekwazi ukuba nolwazi angenalo yena umlinganiswa ngelo xesha ngento eseza kwenzeka kuye okanye kwabanye abalinganiswa Isigqebelo sedrama– kulapho abalinganiswa benza izinto bengazi babe bona bafundi bencwadi sebetyhilelwe/abalinganiswa banokwazi okwahlukileyo kubabukeli. Isihlanganisi - ligama elimsebenzi walo ikukwenza ukuba izivakalisi mazinxibelelane kakuhle zenze imihlathi elandelelanayo, mihlathi leyo enokuphela isakha izicatshulwa; umz. xa, kodwa. Isihlanganisi - ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amagatya ukuze enze isivakalisi esinye Isihloko esigqamileyo - isihloko senqaku elithile, somfanekiso, ifoto njalo njalo, esidla ngokunceda ukutsala umdla ngendlela esikhethwe ngayo - ukubonisa inqaku elo ukuba lingantoni na Isihlonipho – yintetho emnandi esetyenziselwa ukuquma isenzo esibi, esilinyala okanye esilihlazo emehlweni abantu/kuxa intetho ekhangeleka ngathi ibiza into ngqo, icezelwa ngokusebenzisa intetho evakala kamnandi umz:- uqhuba amatakane, endaweni yokuthi unxilile Isikweko – sisafobe apho kuthi kusetyenziswa enye into xa kuchazwa enye into, oko kusenziwa kuba ezo zinto zineempawu ezifanayo, umz:- UThemba lo yinyoka (kuba enobungozi njengenyoka) Isimntwiso –sisafobe esithi sifanise into engemntu siyifanisa nomntu; kuxa kuthathwe iimpawu zomntu zanikwa izinto ezingengobantu, umz:- Tywala ungumlahlekisi (utywala apha benziwe baneempawu zobuntu kwathiwa buyalahlekisa) Isinedokhi: ukubiza into ngaleyo iyinxenye yayo. Isingqisho - kukubizeka kwamagama, izandi, okanye amabinzana kwivesi ngendlela evakala kamnandi; le nto idla ngokufumaneka kwizibongo Isinxibelelanisi - kubhekiswa kuzo zonke iitekisi zonxibelelana, ezizezi: ezomlomo, ezibhalwayo, ezibonwayo, eziviwa-zibonwa Isiphumo - kuthethwa isiphumo sentshukumo/sesenzo okanye imeko Isiqalelo - eli gama lisetyenziswe apha kwimo yokubonisa uhlobo lwetekisi eyakhiwe ngumfundi, tekisi leyo ebonisa umgangatho osezantsi wokuyila; umfundi ololu hlobo usafuna ukuncediswa aqeqeshwe Isiqulatho - eli ligama elisetyenziselwa ukubonisa izinto ezibandakanyiweyo kwizinto ezifana amaxwebhu njl. njl. Isithetha-ntonye/isifanokuthi - ngamagama athetha into enye umz:- ukurhala/ukubawa, umtshakazi/umakoti Isixhobo esibonakalisa ubuciko - esi sisixhobo esifana naxa isithethi sinqumama, sisebenzisa uphindaphindo xa sithetha, sisenzela ukucenga okanye ukuqinisekisa lowo uphulaphuleyo Isizathu - yinto engunobangela wento eqhubekayo, okanye imeko ekhoyo Itekisi efundeka ngeendlela ngeendlela - apha kubandakanywa izicatshulwa, izixhobo ezibonwa ngeliso lenyama, eziviwa ngeendlebe, umz. iividiyo, njl. ; xa umfundi enika intetho elungisiweyo angasebenzisa izilayidi, imifanekiso, iividiyo njl. Itekisi enobunyani – luhlobo lwetekisi olusetyenziselwa ukuba ubani awubone umfanekiso wento ekuthethwa ngayo; ayiveli kuncwadi yona ( umz:-isenokuivela kwimagazini nakwimanqaku elivela kwiphephandaba, okushicilelwe kuvela koonomathotholo kunye noomabonakude, izibhengezo, iileyibhile zezinto ezithengiswayo, iibrowutsha ezinika iinkcukacha ezimalunga nomakwaziwe ngabatyeleli, amaphepha avela kurhulumente ekufuneka ezalisiwe, kwakunye nemizekelo yeeleta eziyinyani)
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thoni / imvakalo-zwi - apha kunokubhekiswa kuqala kwindlela ubani abiza ngayo igama; eli gama "ithoni" xa lisetyenziswe nzulu likwabhekisa kwindlela igama elithile elisetyenziswe nzulu ngayo kwisivakalisi; kwisicatshulwa ithoni yegama ibhekisa kwindlela igama elisetyenziswe ngayo kuloo mo, nentsingiselo eliyizisayo; kwifilim ithoni ingaphunyezwa ngohlobo lomculo odlalwayo, kungenjalo imo-ntlalo Izandi ezahlukeneyo - kuthethwa izandi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neqabane l elahlukileyo kwiqabane Okuqukwayo - kule mfundo yale mihla kufuneka imfundo ifikeleleke kuye wonke ubani; bubakho ubuncinane bokufuneka kuphunyelelwe, obucaciswayo, bubhekisa kubo bonke abafundi, khon'ukuze abo bafundi baneemfuno ezizodwa ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni babe nabo bayabandakanyeka; yaye kule mfundo kugxininiswa ekubeni bangacalucalulwa bafundiswe bodwa Ubabazo/ugqithiso/ubaxo – sisafobe esibonisa ukubaxa xa umntu ethetha ngento ethile, umz:- 'Wandiphakela intaba yokutya', apha kuthethwa ukutya okuninzi Ubuchule bokuqiqisisa - kuxa umfundi esebenzise izimvo zakhe xa, mhlawumbi ebhala okanye esenza intetho, ngendlela apha ebonisa ukuba unobuchule bokuyicingisisisa into phambi kokuba ayithethe okanye ayibhale phantsi; loo nto ke itsho ngento evakala okanye efundeka kamnandi Ubuchule bokusebenzisa amagama ngendlela yokuhlasela - obu bubuchule obusetyenziswayo xa umfundi efunda igama angalaziyo; uye aliqhawu-qhawule libe ngamalungu okanye ajonge intsingiselo eziswa zizimaphambili, kungenjalo izimamva, esenzela ukude ayive kakuhle intsingiselo yalo Ubuhle - ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ukuyila into ngokucoliseka nangolonwabo thoni / imvakalo-zwi - apha kunokubhekiswa kuqala kwindlela ubani abiza ngayo igama; eli gama "ithoni" xa lisetyenziswe nzulu likwabhekisa kwindlela igama elithile elisetyenziswe nzulu ngayo kwisivakalisi; kwisicatshulwa ithoni yegama ibhekisa kwindlela igama elisetyenziswe ngayo kuloo mo, nentsingiselo eliyizisayo; kwifilim ithoni ingaphunyezwa ngohlobo lomculo odlalwayo, kungenjalo imo-ntlalo Izandi ezahlukeneyo - kuthethwa izandi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neqabane l elahlukileyo kwiqabane Okuqukwayo - kule mfundo yale mihla kufuneka imfundo ifikeleleke kuye wonke ubani; bubakho ubuncinane bokufuneka kuphunyelelwe, obucaciswayo, bubhekisa kubo bonke abafundi, khon'ukuze abo bafundi baneemfuno ezizodwa ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni babe nabo bayabandakanyeka; yaye kule mfundo kugxininiswa ekubeni bangacalucalulwa bafundiswe bodwa Ubabazo/ugqithiso/ubaxo – sisafobe esibonisa ukubaxa xa umntu ethetha ngento ethile, umz:- 'Wandiphakela intaba yokutya', apha kuthethwa ukutya okuninzi Ubuchule bokuqiqisisa - kuxa umfundi esebenzise izimvo zakhe xa, mhlawumbi ebhala okanye esenza intetho, ngendlela apha ebonisa ukuba unobuchule bokuyicingisisisa into phambi kokuba ayithethe okanye ayibhale phantsi; loo nto ke itsho ngento evakala okanye efundeka kamnandi Ubuchule bokusebenzisa amagama ngendlela yokuhlasela - obu bubuchule obusetyenziswayo xa umfundi efunda igama angalaziyo; uye aliqhawu-qhawule libe ngamalungu okanye ajonge intsingiselo eziswa zizimaphambili, kungenjalo izimamva, esenzela ukude ayive kakuhle intsingiselo yalo Ubuhle - ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ukuyila into ngokucoliseka nangolonwabo Ukufreyima - kuxa utyhola umntu, umbekela izabatha, athi engenzanga nto atyholwe kuthiwe nguye Ukufumana inxalenye -kubhekiswa kumfundi ongaphumelelanga ncam, ofumene ezinye iziphumo, ingezizo zonke Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ungacoseleli - kukufunda isinxibelelanisi ukhawulezisa, usenzela nje ukufumana ukuba singantoni na umz:- ukufunda izihloko kwiphepha-ndaba ukhangela ukuba zithini iindaba eziphambili Ukugqibelela - eli gama lisetyenziswe kwimo yokubonisa umntu ocingayo phambi kokuba asebenzise ulwimi, alusebenzise ngokufezekileyo Ukuhlekisa ngokusebenzisa ulinganiso - xa kuhlekiswa ngomntu othile ngendlela yokusebenzisaindlela ebhanxayo; kunokusetyenziswa umfanekiso obonisa iimpawu zakhe eziphuhlileyo, ngendlela ebaxayo, kuba kufunwa ukuhlekisa okanye ukubhanxa ngaye Ubumbo zivakalisi (isinteksi) - yindlela amagama alungelelaniswa ngayo ukwakha izakhiwo zegrama, umz:- amabinzana, amagatya, izivakalisi njl. njl; apha kujongwa nemithetho elawula ubumbo-zivakalisi Ubungakanani boonobumba - apha kujongwe koonobumba abasetyenziswa xa kuchwethezwa ngekhompyutha, le nto kuthiwa yifonti, Ubunono/ubuchule - eli gama lisetyenziselwe ukubonisa ukuba xa usebenzisa ulwimi ngobunono kuxa uchula ukunyathela ekukhetheni amagama, ukhethe igama elifanele loo meko Uchasaniso - ngamagama achaseneyo kwisivakalisi /umqolo umz: Bangena bephuma
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Ukuba neliso kwindlela amagama asetyenziswa ngayo - apha kuthethwa ngokwazi ukucazulula indlela intsingiselo evezwe ngayo, ukwazi ukugqala amandla ulwimi olunawo; xa umfundi eyiqaphela indlela amagama asetyenziswa ngayo, nentsingiselo ayinikwayo kuloo mo, umfundi uya kukwazi ukumelana neendlela zokuqhathwa ezinokuvezwa lulwimi olo, akwazi kananjalo ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngononophelo Ukubaza ingqondo - xa kusithiwa ubani uphulaphule ebaze ingqondo kuthethwa ukuba uphulaphulisisile, yaye uyivulile ingqondo Ukufreyima - kuxa utyhola umntu, umbekela izabatha, athi engenzanga nto atyholwe kuthiwe nguye Ukufumana inxalenye -kubhekiswa kumfundi ongaphumelelanga ncam, ofumene ezinye iziphumo, ingezizo zonke Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ungacoseleli - kukufunda isinxibelelanisi ukhawulezisa, usenzela nje ukufumana ukuba singantoni na umz:- ukufunda izihloko kwiphepha-ndaba ukhangela ukuba zithini iindaba eziphambili Ukugqibelela - eli gama lisetyenziswe kwimo yokubonisa umntu ocingayo phambi kokuba asebenzise ulwimi, alusebenzise ngokufezekileyo Ukuhlekisa ngokusebenzisa ulinganiso - xa kuhlekiswa ngomntu othile ngendlela yokusebenzisaindlela ebhanxayo; kunokusetyenziswa umfanekiso obonisa iimpawu zakhe eziphuhlileyo, ngendlela ebaxayo, kuba kufunwa ukuhlekisa okanye ukubhanxa ngaye Ukuhlela - kukulungisa iziphene zegrama, zosetyenziso lolwimi, ukulungisa iziphene kupelo njalo njalo, kusenzelwa ukuba okubhaliweyo kufundeke kakuhle; xa kuhlelwa ke, umhleli kufuneka ajonge nolandelelwano lwezimvo, nesimo sezivakalisi, kunye nemihlathi Ukuhlola - yinkqubo yokuqokelela ulwazi oluthile malunga nesakhono somfundi kumsebenzi awenzayo; oku kungenziwa rhoqo, kusetyenziswa iindlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola Ukucazulula - xa ufunda, mhlawumbi itekisi, uze uchaze ukuba igama elithile libonakalisa ntoni, lisetyenziswe njani, kuba kutheni, liza nafuthe lini - sithi uyalucazulula ulwimi okanye uyawacazulula amagama Ukuchaza into ngamanye amazwi - kuxa uluvo okanye okuqulethwe kwisicatshulwa kuphinda kubhalwa ngamazwi alowo ubhala eso sicatshulwa kwakhona, oko kukuthi, usebenzise awakho amagama endaweni yalawo ebekwisicatshulwa. Ukucikoza - kubonakalisa ubuchule bokuthi ubani xa ethetha okanye ebhala asebenzise ulwimi olunezimvo ezilandelelanayo, nezinamatheleneyo, ngale ndlela ke ulwimi luye luvakale kamnandi, kananjalo luchazeke kakuhle Ukucinga ngendlela eyilayo - le yinkqubo yokucinga ngezimvo okanye iimeko ngeendlela zokuziqambela, okanye ngendlela engaqhelekanga,nto leyo ebonisa ubuchule balowo ucingayo Ukudlala ngamagama- ukusetyenziswa kobumbolo-mbini begama.
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Ukuhlola kwezidingo - olu hlobo lokuhlola lwenzelwa ukujonga ukuba ziintoni na iingxaki ezisendleleni yokuphumelela komfundi; akube ke utitshala ezifumene ezi ngxaki, uyakwazi ukuza namacebo afanelekileyo Ukuhlola okushwankathelayo - olu ke lona uhlobo lokuhlola lunika ingxelo eshwankathelweyo, nebonisa ubuchule obugqibeleleyo asele enabo umfundi, kumsebenzi aselewunikiwe, emva kwekota, isiqingatha sonyaka okanye ekupheleni konyaka; okubalulekileyo kukuba akufuneki kunikwe uhlobo olunye lwendlela yokuhlola, aze ke abe selegwetywa ngalo umfundi Ukuhlola okusisiseko - kubalulekile ukuba phambi kokuba abafundi bafundiswe khe kuhlolwe ukuba yintoni na asele beyazi, beyazi kangakanani na loo nto; utitshala ke emva koku uyakwazi ukuqhuba nezifundo zakhe Ukuhlola okwakhayo - xa kumane kusenziwa olu hlobo lokuhlola ngutitshala, sukube ejonge ekufumaneni inkqubela phambili yomfundi; akulindwa de ube mninzi umsebenzi, ze kunikwe uvavanyo emva koko; kuye kunikwe nengxelo ngohlobo olwakhayo, nolungamtyhafisiyo umfundi Ukukrwaqula ukhawulezisa - kuxa ubani ebalekisa amehlo xa efunda nokuba sisinxibelelanisi mhlawumbi, esenzela nje ukufumana ulwazi oluthile, umz:- ukubalekisa nje amehlo ujonga igama elithile nenombolo yemfonomfono yomntu, okanye ukufumana ixesha emka ngalo ibhasi okanye uloliwe, xa ukrwaqula isicwangcisi-maxesha senkampani yeebhasi Ukulandelelana nonxibelelwano olusetyenziswe ngobuchule - kubhekiswa kwindlela enokuthiimihlathi ilandelelane ngobuchule bokuqiqisisa; obo buchule bunento yokwenza nokulandelelana kwezimvo, nto leyo yenza intsingiselo evakala kamnandi kofundayo, nophulaphuleyo; imihlathi enjalo ibonisa ulandelelwano lwezimvo, apho izivakalisi zilandelelana ngobuchule obukhulu Ukulawula ulwimi - kuxa umfundi esebenzisa ubuchule bokwazi ukuba makasebenzise liphina igama, nini, njani, kuba kutheni Ukulungelelanisa (intetho) - kukumisa kakuhle intetho yakho ngokulandelelanisa izimvo Ukunamathelana /ukuyondelelana- kukho izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ukuphuhlisa uyondelelwano phakathi kwezivakalisi, xa kusakhiwa imihlathi okanye iziqwenga; ezi zizixhobo ezifana nezimelabizo okanye amagama anokuphindaphinda into ethethwayo ngeendlela ngeendlela,umz:- Umntwana wesikolo uwenze kakuhle umsebenzi wakhe. Lo mntwana kucacile ukuba uzimisele.u- lo mntwana usabhekisa kwisibizo esisekuqaleni u umntwana, encedisa ukwenza olu nxibelelwano ngesiya sikhombisi u-lo Ukundyondyisa emva ngabom -apha ke sukube ingaba bavezwe mfiliba abadlali xa sibukele nokuba yifilim; bavezwa mfiliba ngemva kuba sukubu bengabalulekanga ngelo xesha ngokwesiganeko sebali; sithi ke basandyondya emva belinde elabo ithuba lokuba bagqame; ukundyondya kukulinda ndaweni ithile, ulindele elakho ithuba; nebhasi le xa umqhubi esayenza shushu, igquma kuhle sithi iyandyondya Ukunkqenkqezisa phambili ngabom - xa sijonge umdlalo kamabonakude, siye sibone kukho abantu kuloo mboniso abavezwe mfiliba, ze kubekho aba bagqamileyo; aba bacacileyo ke ngabo umbhali abankqenkqezisa (ababalekisa) phambili ngabom kuba kufuneka amehlo ethu abone bona, kuba iziganeko sukube zingqamene (zijonge) nabo Ukunqaphaza - ukungayenzi/ukungenzeki kwento ngendlela exhaphakileyo Ukuphaphamisa into engaphefumliyo - kuxa kusenziwa abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezisemfanekisweni zibe ngathi ziyashukuma Ukuqalisa- -kuxa ubani inguye oqala into, njengencoko, baze abanye babhekise phambili Ukuqonda okunzulu - yindlela athi ubani acazulule ngayo indlela intsingiselo yegama eyakhiwe ngayo;apha kufuneka umfundi aqonde indlela ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngayo, kwakunye namandla alo; obu bunzulu bolwimi bumenza ukuba umfundi amelane nokuqhathwa, ingakumbi kwizinto ezifana nezibhengezo; ude ke umfundi ajonge indlela ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngononophelo ngayo Ukuthelekelela - kukufunda into, uze uzakhele olwakho uluvo usebenzisa intelekelelo Ukuthelekisa - kuxa uthelekisa izinto ezimbini ngeenjongo zokufumana umahluko Ukuthetha ngezandla/ngentloko - luhlobo lokuthetha/lokuqhakamshelana nomntu othile ngokusebenzisa izandla okanye unqwale nje intloko xa ubonisa ukuba uyavuma Ukuyimela (into) - kuxa ubonakalisa ukungajiki xa uxoxa ngento ethile, futhi uzixhase Uluvo lwakho - yindlela ubani azithatha / azibona ngayo izinto Ulwimi lwasekhaya - olu lulwimi abantwana abalufunda ekhaya besakhula, belufunda ngokulinganisa; olu lulwimi abafunda ngalo ukucinga; ulwimi lwasekhaya lomfundi ongumXhosa sisiXhosa Ulwimi lwesizwana - olu luhlobo lolwimi olulungiselelwa isizwana esithile; olu lwimi lwahlukile kwezinye iimo zolo lwimi lusukela kulo, malunga namagama asetyenziswayo, ukwakhiwa kunye nendlela abizwa ngayo
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Ulwimi olongezelelweyo - kuthethwa ngolwimi olunokufundwa ngumfundi esongeza kolo lwakhe lwasekhaya, umz:- umfundi olwimi lwakhe lusisiXhosa afunde isiNgesi esongeza kwisiXhosa. Ulwimi oluchukumisayo - lulwimi olusetyenziswe ngendlela apha ebanga usizi deubani athi azive enosizi efuna ukulila, abe novakalelo Ulwimi oluqhathayo - kuxa ubani esebenzisa ulwimi oluthile ngendlela yokuqhatha umntu, ezama mhlawumbi ukumphembelela ukuba makawele kweli lakhe icala; umzekelo uyafumaneka kwizibhengezo, apho kusetyenziswa ulwimi olunobuqhetseba ngamanye amaxesha; umz:- Thenga nazi izisulu, zikho namhlanje kuphela. Ulwimi olusetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngolunye ulwimi - kukho isigama esisetyenziswayo xa sithetha ngolwimi;oku kubandakanya isigama esifana nala magama asetyenziswa ngabantu abafundisa ulwimi: "imeko", "isimbo sombhali", "isakhiwo sebali", "incoko yababini" nesinye isigama. Ulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abathile - la ngamagama, okanye isimbo, igrama okanye indlela ubani alinyusa ngayo ilizwi; la magama asetyenziswa ngabantu abathile, okanye ababhali abathile kwiimo okanye iimeko ezahlukeneyo, umz:- xa kubhalwa ileta yobuhlobo okanye yasebuRhulumenteni, ulwimi olusetyenziswayo alufani; kanti naxa uthetha nomntu omdala kunawe, awusebenzisi lwimi lunye njengaxa uthetha nontanga wakho Umabizwafane - ligama elibizwa, lipelwe ngokufana nelinye, kodwa libe lahlukile ngentsingiselo umz:- idolo, eli siguqa ngalo; idolo eliligobe kwindlela yemoto Umatshini wokubonisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya - izixhobo ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa umboniso bhanya-bhanya, njengokukhanya okanye uhlobo lokufota oluthile Umbuzo-buciko - luhlobo lombuzo olungalindeli mpendulo xa lubuzwa; kwenzelwa nje ukugxininisa. umz:-Nithi ndihlalele ni ndingafi nje? Umfanekiso-ntelekelelo - kuxa kusetyenziswa amagama adala imifanekiso ezingqondweni zethu njengokusebenzisa izifaniso, izikweko, izimntwisi namanye amagama adala umfanekiso engqondweni yomntu. Umgqalisela - xa kusithiwa unomgqalisela wento kuthethwa ukuba uyijonge ngemehlo elibukhali neliqaphelayo, umz:- umfundi kufuneka xa efunda abe nomgqalisela wezinto ezithile ukuze akulandele akufundayo, aze athi naxa ehlolwa akukhumbule abekufundile nabekubonile; makaqwalasele, aqaphele ke lilonke Umlinganiselo - esi sisikali esibonisa ukuba umfundi uphumelele kangakanani na ngokwemilinganiselo ebekiweyo, nevunyiweyo, milinganiselo leyo echazwe kakuhle, ngaphantsi kwesahluko sesine kwinqanaba ngalinye Umngqungqo -kuxa kukho amagama afanayo okanye imiqolo efanayo; ingazizikhamiso, kungenjalo amaqabane, okanye igama; le nto idla ngokwenzeka ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni komqolo, okanye kumana kuphindwa igama okanye umqolo othile; yonke le nto yenza isandi somngqungqo Umongo - kukujonga ukuba incwadi leyo uyifundayo,isicatshulwa okanye umbongo ungantoni . Umqobo - yinto ethintela ukuba ubani akwazi ukwenza into, umz:- ulwimi lungangumqobo osendleleni yomntu xa abantu bolo lwimi bethetha wena ungeva, okanye umfundi ongalulandeliyo ulwimi lokufunda nokufundisa angazibona engaqhubi kakuhle kwizifundo zakhe, ngaloo ndlela lungumqobo endleni yakhe eya kwimpumeleloU Umqondiso/isimboli - yinto esetyenziswa imele into ethile, umz:- ihobe ngumqondiso woxolo Umtsalane - yinto eyenza umdla kulowo ubukeleyo, iyakutsala ke ngamanye amazwi Umtsalane othambekele ecaleni - le yindlela athi ubani abonakalise ukuba nomkhethe wento ethile, yingcingane ,kungenjalo uluvo oluthile, nto leyo enokukwenza ubunzima ukuveza isigqibo esifanelekileyo nesanelisayo ngento ethile Umxholo – yeyona mbono ingundoqo kubhalo loncwadi; isicatshulwa singanemixholwana emininzi, eminye kuyo ingacaci gca ibe selubala Unxibelelwano ngeendlela ngeendlela - zezi zinxibelelanisi ziyimizobo ziqulethe imiyalezo, ezifana neefilim, imifanekiso, iikhathuni, imizobo, njalo njalo Uphindaphindo lwezandi ezifanayo - kwizibongo kunokuphindaphindwa izandi ezifanayo, nokuba ngamaqabane okanye izikhamiso, umz:- Iqaqa liziqikaqika kuqaqaqa. Usetyenziso lwamagama amaninzi angeyomfuneko -kuxa kusetyenziswa amagama, iziqwengana okanye izivakalisi ebezinokushiywa, ukuze ke naxa sezide zashiywa, kuye kungabikho nto ivakalayo Uvumephika - kukusetyenziswa kwezimvo ezimbini ezichaseneyo Uvuthondaba - kuxa kufikelelwe kwelona nqanaba liphezulu ebalini, nqanaba elo lonwabisayo, liphuhlisayo,nelibalulekileyo; apha sukube kungekho kubuya ngamva ebalini.
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ISIHLOMELO 1 Ulwakhiwo lolwimi nemigaqo yalo (itshathi yokwalathisa) Ulwakhiwo lolwimi Iindidi nezakhi Izakhi zamagama Izimaphambili, iingcambu nezimamva Izibizo izibizo ezakhiwe kwizenzi
Izibizo ezakhiwe kwezinye izibizo Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizichazi Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizifanekisozwi Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizikhuzo Izibizo ezimbaxa Intloko nenjongosenzi Isini Isininzi Izinciphiso Isandiso Izibizo ezakhiwe kwezinye izigaba zentetho
Izimelabizo Isimelabizo soqobo Isimelabizo soqobo sokugxininisa Isimelabizo sokukhomba Isimelabizo soquko Isimelabizo sochazo Isimelabizo sokukumbi Isimelabizo sokunye
Izenzi Izenzi namaxesha azo Izixando zezenzi Iintlobo zezenzi
Izichazi Isiphawuli Isibaluli Isimnini Esoquko Esokukumbi / esobalo
Izihlomelo Iindidi zezihlomelo Iimo Imo evumayo
Imo elandulayo Izalathandawo Iindidi zezalathandawo Amagatya nezivakalisi igatya elimbaxa nelongezelelweyo
igatya elimbaxa, elihamba nelibalulayo intetho-ngqo nengxelo-ntetho igatya elibalulayo igatya eliyintloko isivakalisi esilula isivakalisi esimbaxa ucwangciso lwamagama ngokukuko uvumelwano / isivumelanisi isilanduli
Imihlathi (usebenzisa izihlanganisi)
Ukulandelelana kweziganeko: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu, phambi, emva, nini, de, ekugqibeleni, ngaphambili, okulandelayo, emva koko, kutshanje. Ingcaciso / unobangela nefuthe: ngoko ke, ngenxa yesi sizathu, emva koko, ukusukela, ngenxa, kungenxa, ngoko ke, kulandela, ukuba kuthe … kuya kuthi …. Umgaqo olandelwayo: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu. Ukuthelekisa / ukuchasanisa: iyafana, yahlukile, incinci kune, inkulu kune, nangona, kodwa
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Ngokokubaluleka: rhoqo, ekugqibeleni. Ucwangciswa ngokobume bendawo: ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi, ngasekhohlo, ngasekunene, njalo njalo. Ukubhala ngokuthe gabalala: gabalala, ukugqiba. Umhlathi okhethekileyo: ngokoluvo lwam, inkolo, uluvo, ingqiqo, ndicinga ukuba, ndithathela ingqalelo, ndikholelwa ukuba, ndithanda, ndithemba. Ukuhlela imihlathi: inokwahlulwa, inxulumene, ihambelana, izalana, iyinxalenye. Umhlathi ochazayo: ngasentla, ngasezantsi, ecaleni, kufuphi, emntla / empuma / emazantsi / entshona, isayizi, ibala, isakhelo, injongo, ubude, ububanzi, ubunzima / umthamo, isantya, ifana. Umhlathi wokuphonononga: entle/embi, echanekileyo/engachanekanga, evumelekileyo/engavumelekanga, ebalulekileyo/engabalulekanga, ukucebisa/ukundulula, ukubonisa, ukuxoxa. Umhlathi ocacisayo: inokucaciswa, ludidi oluthile. Umhlathi wokuvala: ukuququmbela, ukushwankathela, ushwankathelo, ngokufutshane, njengoko ubona.
Izifanekisozwi Umz. dyumpu, ngqu, pam Izikhuzo Umz. kwekhu! Kowu! Awu! Yhooo! Uphuhliso lwesigama nezigaba zentetho zolwimi
Izifanokuthi / izithethantonye Izichasi Amagama angcambu-nye Oomabizwahluke Oomabizwafane Igama elinye endaweni yebinzana Izigaba zentetho (isifaniso, isihlonipho, isimntwiso, oksimoroni, isinxulumaniso, isifanodumo, ubaxo/ubabazo/ugqithiso, uchasaniso, isigqebelo, isihlekiso, ukuphela kovuthondaba, isimboli, isihlonipho, uvumephika, iparadoksi, ukudlala ngamagama antsingiselo imbaxa, intetho engenabuzaza, igama elimele elinye.) izaci namaqhalo, amagama emboleko, amagama amatsha nemvelaphi yamagama.
Iimpawu zokubhala Iqhagamshela (-) Iikholoni (:) Isimeli-nobumba (’) Iimpawu zocaphulo (“…”) Izibiyeli () Uphawu loshiyelelo lwamagama okanye amabinzana kwisivakalisi (…)
Upelo lwamagama Iindlela zokupela amagama Imigaqo nemiqathango yopelo lwamagama Ufinyezo lwamagama Ushunqulo lwamagama
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3.5.1 IBANGA 10
IBANGA 10 IKOTA YOKU-1 Iiveki Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela
yoku
-1 u
kuya
kwey
esi-2
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (oluxhobisayo, oluphicothwayo nokuncomayo) Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo namacandelo encwadi kuquka iindidi zoncwadi gabalala
• Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / esesikweni (yesicelo / yesikhalazo / yesicelo somsebenzi / yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/ isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omfutshane okhethelwe ukuba ubhalwe
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista (umgangatho wolwimi osetyenziswayo), isimbo sokubhala nendlela ovakala ngayo umhlathi kwabo ulungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
yesi-
3 uku
ya kw
eyes
i-4
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo yengxoxo-mpikiswano elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
• Ukucwangcisa ingxoxo-mpikiswano elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukuqhuba uphando ngengxoxo-mpikiswano elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukulungelelanisa nokuchophela ingxoxo-mpikiswano elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo (Jonga ku 3.2) • Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
1 x Isincoko Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lwesincoko esikhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela esivakala ngayo isincoko kwabo silungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
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ye
si-5 u
kuya
kwey
esi-6
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (oluxhobisayo, oluphicothwayo noluncomayo) Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
Ukufundela ukuqonda : Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo
• Ufundo loncwadi Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lomhlathi omfutshane okhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela ovakala ngayo umhlathi kwabo ulungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
yesi-
7 uku
ya kw
eyes
i-8
Incoko yababini / incoko
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwincoko yababini / kwincoko
• Ukucwangcisa incoko yababini / incoko, ukuqhuba uphando ngengxoxo / ngencoko, ukulungelelanisa nokuchophela incoko yababini / incoko
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi
• Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Intetho / incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lwencoko ekhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela ovakala ngayo umhlathi kwabo ulungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 2 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
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ye-9
uku
ya kw
eye-1
0
Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo yentetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
• Ukucwangcisa intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukuqhuba uphando ngentetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukulungelelanisa nokwenza intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukubhala isishwankathelo
• Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Intetho / ingxox / udliwano-ndlebe Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala«
• Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala (Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela)
• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lomhlathi okhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela evakala ngayo intetho / incoko yababini kwabo ilungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni nenyanzelekileyo Umsebenzi woku-1 Umsebenzi wesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-3 Umsebenzi wesi-4 *Iorali / intetho yomlomo: Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda
**Ukubhala: Isincoko esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo
**Ukubhala: Ukubhala imihlathi
Uvavanyo loku-1: Ukuqondwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi nesishwankathelo OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide
. **Ukubhala: Khetha isincoko esinye nomhlathi omde ukulungiselela ukuhlola okusesikweni nokunyanzelekileyo ekupheleni kwekota.
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 3 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
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IBANGA 10 IKOTA YESI-2
Iiveki Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela
ye-1
1 uku
ya kw
eye-1
2
Incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwincoko yababini / kudliwano-ndlebe
• Ukucwangcisa incoko yababini / udliwano-nondlebe, ukuqhuba uphando ngengxoxo / ngodliwano-ndlebe, ukulungelelanisa nokuchophela incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufundela ukuqonda: iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo (Jonga
ku 3.2)
• Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Intetho / incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zengxoxo yababini / zodliwano-ndlebe
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abayiva ngayo intetho / incoko yababini abo ilungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
ye-1
3 uku
ya kw
eye-1
4
Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo (ubugcisa bokuthetha esidlangalaleni, isakhiwo namalungiselelo oko) kwintetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
• Ukucwangcisa intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukuqhuba uphando ngentetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukulungelelanisa nokwenza intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukubhala isishwankathelo • Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
1 x Isincoko: Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lwesincoko esikhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abasiva ngayo isincoko abo silungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 4 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
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ye-1
5 uku
ya kw
eye-1
6
Iincoko zababini ezingekho sikweni / incoko
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kusenziwa iincoko zababini ezingekho sikweni / incoko.
• Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yolwimi.
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo (umzekelo izibhengezo, iikhathuni, imifanekiso)
• Ufundo loncwadi Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / eyaseburhulumenteni (eyesicelo / eyesikhalazo / eyombulelo / eyoshishino (eyokuodola / eyentengiso) iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omde okhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abayiva ngayo imihlathi abo ilungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 5 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
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IBANGA 10 IKOTA YESI-2 Iiveki Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela
ye-1
7 uku
ya kw
eye-1
8
Ingxoxo yephaneli
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kusenziwa ingxoxo yephaneli.
• Ukucwangcisa, ukuqhuba uphando, ukuzilungelela xa kusenziwa ingxoxo yephaneli.
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi ngokukuko
• Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omfutshane okhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abawuva ngayo umhlathi abo ulungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
ye-1
9 uk
uya
kwey
ama-
Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni zangoJuni
Imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni nenyanzelekileyo Umsebenzi wesi-5 Umsebenzi wesi-6 **I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni zangoJuni Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala
**I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Abafundi kufanele benze ubuncinane umsebenzi omnye wokufunda (olungiselelweyo nongalungiselelwanga), owokuthetha (olungiselelweyo nongalungiselelwanga) kunye nomnye wokuphulaphula ngonyaka.
20
Documents–S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indd 6 2011/11/07 10:34 AM
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IBANGA 10 IKOTA YESI-3
IZAKHONO
Iiveki Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela
yam
a-21
uku
ya ku
ma-2
2
Ukuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango elandelwayo yentlanganiso
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kuchotshelwa iintlanganiso nemiqathango yentlanganiso elandelwayo
• Ukucwangcisela ukuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango yentlanganiso elandelwayo, ukuqhuba uphando ngokuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango yentlanganiso elandelwayo, ukulungelelanisa ukuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango yentlanganiso elandelwayo
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo yeetekisi eziviwayo
• Ufundo loncwadi Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi Ileta yobuhlobo / eyaseburhulumenteni (eyesicelo / eyesikhalazo / eyombulelo / eyoshishino (eyokuodola / eyentengiso) iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, ukubhalwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omde okhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abawuva ngayo umhlathi abo ulungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 7 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
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42 | P a g e
yam
a-23
uku
ya ku
ma-2
4 Ukubalisa ibali
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kubaliswa ibali
• Ukucwangcisela ukubalisa ibali, ukuqhuba uphando ngokubalisa ibali, ukulungelelanisa ukubaliswa kwebali
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi ngokukuko
• Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
1 x Isincoko: Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, ukwenziwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zesincoko esikhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abasiva ngayo isincoko abo silungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
yam
a-25
uku
ya ku
ma-2
6
Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwintetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
• Ukucwangcisa intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukuqhuba uphando ngentetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukulungelelanisa intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufundela ukuqonda: • iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo
(Jonga ku3.2)
• Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Intetho / incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, ukwenziwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omde okhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abawuva ngayo umhlathi abo ulungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 8 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
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IBANGA 10 IKOTA YESI-3
Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha
Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela
yam
a-27
uku
ya ku
ma-2
8
Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwintetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
• Ukucwangcisa intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukuqhuba uphando ngentetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukulungelelanisa nokwenza intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
Ukubhala ushwankathelo • Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
1 x Isincoko: Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, ukubhalwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zesincoko esikhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abasiva ngayo isincoko abo silungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 9 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
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44 | P a g e
yam
a-29
uku
ya ku
ma-3
0
Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuxhobisayo, okuphicothwayo nokuncomayo) Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufundela ukuqonda:Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo (Jonga
ku3.2)
• Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, ukwenziwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omde okhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abawuva ngayo umhlathi abo ulungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni nenyanzelekileyo Umsebenzi wesi-7 Umsebenzi wesi-8 Umsebenzi we- 9 Uncwadi: Isincoko soncwadi
*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga
Uvavanyo lwesi-2: Ukuqondwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi noshwankathelo OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 10 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
1 1A M A X W E B H U
45 | P a g e
IBANGA 10 IKOTA YESI-4
Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela
yam
a-31
uku
ya ku
ma-3
2
Ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kusaziswa isithethi / kusenziwa amazwi ombulelo
• Ukucwangcisela ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo, ukuqhuba uphando ngokwaziswa kwesithethi / ngokwenziwa kwamazwi ombulelo, ukulungelelanisa ukwaziswa kwesithethi / ukwenziwa kwamazwi ombulelo
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / eyaseburhulumenteni (eyesicelo / eyesikhalazo / eyombulelo / eyoshishino (eyokuodola / eyentengiso) iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, ukwenziwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omde okhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abawuva ngayo umhlathi abo ulungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 11 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
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46 | P a g e
yam
a-33
uku
ya ku
ma-3
4 Ingxoxo yephaneli
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kusenziwa ingxoxo yephaneli.
• Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yolwimi.
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo(Jonga ku 3.2) • Ufundo loncwadi
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
1 x Isincoko: Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, ukwenziwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zesincoko esikhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abasiva ngayo isincoko abo silungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
yam
a-35
kuya
kum
a-36
Ingxoxo yephaneli
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kusenziwa ingxoxo yephaneli.
• Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yolwimi.
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
• Ukubhala isishwankathelo
• Ufundo loncwadi Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
Imihlathi: Ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala
• Ukucwangcisa, ukwenziwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela
• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi okhethiweyo
• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo
• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko
• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo
• irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abawuva ngayo umhlathi abo ulungiselelwe bona
• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko
Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 12 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
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47 | P a g e
yam
a-37
uku
ya ku
ma-3
8
Ingxoxo yeforam / yeqela / yephaneli
• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwingxoxo yeforam / yeqela / yephaneli
• Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yolwimi.
Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure
Amalungiselelo oviwo Ukufunda nokubukela: Ukufundela ukuqonda nokusetyenziswa kolwimi Isishwankathelo Uncwadi: Inoveli / uncwadi lwemveli Idrama Isihobe
Amalungiselelo oviwo Ukubhala nokunikezela: Izincoko Imihlathi
yam
a-39
uk
uya
kum
a-40
Iimviwo zokuphela konyaka ngoNovemba
Imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni nenyanzelekileyo Umsebenzi we-10 Umsebenzi we-11
*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Elungisiweyo - Ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo.
Iimviwo zokuphela konyaka ngoNovemba: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala Iphepha 3: I-orali/Intetho yomlomo
S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 13 2011/11/01 1:33 PM
10Ibanga
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Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa
I-Study & Master Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa ibhalwe liqelalababhali abanamava ukuqinisekisa umoya. Imithetho-sisekonomxholo wenkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharikhyulamunokuHlola (CAPS) ezitolikiweyo kwaye ezikhoyo kwincwadiyomfundi nakwisikhokelo sikatitshala.
Incwadi YomfundiLe ncwadi yahlulwe yaba ziikota ezine ezahlulwe ngokwezahluko. Iikota ezintathu zokuqala zinezahluko ezithathu ize ikota yesine ibe nezahluko ezibini kunye nako konke okuphathelele noviwo. Ikota nganye inombala ozahlula ngayo kwezinye iikota. Imifanekiso nemibala ekule ncwadi ivuselela umdla neengcinga zomfundi. Kukho imisebenzi efuna ulwazi nezakhono zokuhlalutya nokutolika. Kukho imisebenzi eliqela eza kunceda umfundi akwazi ukuzilungiselela uviwo.
Isikhokelo SikatitshalaIsikhokelo Sikatitshala esibanzi nesinezinto ezintsha. Kule sikhokelo kufakwe iNkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharikhyulamu nokuHlola yamaBanga 10–12. Kunikwe iingcebiso zokufundisa umsebenzi ngamnye okwincwadi yomfundi. Yonke imibuzo ebuzwe kwincwadi yomfundi iphendulwe kule sikhokelo. Le sikhokelo sikwaqulathe nezakhono nolwazi ekufuneka zifundisiwe kweli banga. Kukho noluhlu lwezixhobo onokuzisebenzisa xa ufundisa. Isigama esifakwe kule sikhokelo seso sikwiPolisi.
SM_Xhosa_10_TG_220x297_CAPS.indd 2 2011/11/01 8:45 PM