Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa - Cambridge University Press

Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa

Nondumiso Mdekazi • Tommy Kabanyane

Isikhokelo Sikatitshala

CAPS

Ibanga

10le-

SM_Xhosa_10_TG_220x297_CAPS.indd 1 2011/11/01 8:45 PM


Study & Master

Nondumiso Mdekazi • Tommy Kabanyane

Ibanga le-10Isikhokelo Sikatitshala

Prelims-S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indd 1 2011/11/01 8:38 PM

cambridge university press cambridge, new york, melbourne, madrid, cape town,singapore, são paulo, delhi, tokyo, mexico city

cambridge university pressthe Water club, beach road, granger bay, cape town 8005, south africa

www.cup.co.za

© cambridge university press 2012

Le ncwadi ikwilungelo lombhali elilelakhe lokushicilela nokuthengisa umsebenzi wakhe. phantsi kokungamiswanga ngokomthetho nomalungiselelo eemvumelwano zemvume zabo bonke ababandakanyekayo akukho kufanekisela kwayo nayiphi inxalenye yale ncwadi enokwenziwa ngaphandle kwemvume yeziko lakwacambridge university press.

ipapashwe okokuqala ngowama-2012

ishicilelwe emzantsi afrika ngu interpak books

isbn 9781316576243

ababhali: Jacqueline nondumiso mdekazi notommy ndzima Kabanyane

imifanekiso: greatstock (iph. 55), graeme Williams/africa media Online (iph.14, 15, 51), neil austen/africa media Online (iph. 26)

umdibanisi: baseline publishing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nale ncwadi okanye olunye upapasho lukacambridge university press, sitsalele umnxeba kule nombolo (021) 412-7800, sifeksele kule nombolo (021) 419-8418 okanye usithumelele i-imeyile kule dilesi [email protected].

Prelims-S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indd 2 2011/11/07 10:19 AM

IsiqulathoIkota Isahluko Iveki Isifundo Umsebenzi Iphepha

Ikota

yoku

-1

Isahluko soku-1: UMzantsi Afrika Omtsha

1–2 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda: oluxhobisayo, oluphicothayo nokuncomayo

2

Ukufunda nokubukela Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo 2

Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi: Iimpawu zenoveli 3

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala ileta yobuhlobo 5

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ileta yaseburhulumenteni – Ileta yesikhalazo 5

3–4 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ingxoxo-mpikiswano 7

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukukrwaqula 8

Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zenoveli 8

Ukubhala nokunikezela Isincoko esixoxayo 9

Isahluko sesi-2: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso

5–6 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda 11

Ukufunda nokubukela Uvavanyo lokuqonda 11

Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zenoveli 12

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala ingxelo 13

7–8 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukwenza incoko 15

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuphuhlisa isigama – Amagama emboleko, izihlonipho, amaqhalo nezaci, isinye nesininzi, izifinyezo noonobumba bokuqala begama, amahlumela

15

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: izimaphambili, izinciphiso, isimamva u-kazi

17

Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zesihobe 18

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala incoko yababini 19

Isahluko sesi-3: Ukhenketho nenkcubeko

9–10 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Intetho engalungiselelwanga 20

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala isishwankathelo 23

Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zesihobe 25

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala ingxoxo 25

Imisebenzi yohlolo olusesikweni

Umsebenzi woku-1

Umsebenzi wesi-2

Umsebenzi wesi-3

Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Uvavanyo lokuqonda 28

Ukubhala Ukubhala isincoko 28

Ukubhala Ukubhala umhlathi 28

Icandelo A Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukufunda nokubukela Uvavanyo lokuqonda 29

Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi 29

Icandelo B Ukushwankathela Isishwankathelo 29

Ukubhalwa kwemisebenzi esesikweni

Ikota

yesi-

2

Isahluko sesi-4: Ezemidlalo

11–12 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Udliwano-ndlebe 32

Ukufunda nokubukela Iindlela zokufunda 34

Ukufunda nokubhala Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama 34

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala udliwano-ndlebe 34

13–14 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Intetho elungiselelweyo 35


Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama 36

Ukubhala nokunikezela Isincoko esibalisayo 36

Isahluko sesi-5: Unxibelelwano

15–16 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Iincoko zababini ezingekho sikweni 38

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukutolika izicatshulwa ezibonwayo

38

Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama 39

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala ileta yokucela nokubhala ileta yesicelo somsebenzi

39

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ileta yorhwebo – Ileta yoku-odola neleta yentengo 41

17–18 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ingxoxo yephaneli 42

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukuphuhlisa isigama – izifanokuthi, izichasi, izafobe, ukusetyenziswa kwezichazi-magama

43

S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indb 3 2011/11/01 1:32 PM

Ikota Isahluko Iveki Isifundo Umsebenzi IphephaIko

ta ye

si-2

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi, iziphumlisi

44

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi 45

Ukubhala nokunikezela Isigxeko-ncomo 47

19–20 Umsebenzi osesikweni: Umsebenzi wesi-5 nowesi-6

19–20 Uviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni 49–50

Ikota

yesi-

3

Isahluko sesi-6: Ungcoliseko

21–22 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Iintlanganiso neenkqubo zentlanganiso 52

Ukufunda nokubukela Uvavanyo lokuqonda – Ukunika intsingiselo yebali 53

Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama 53

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ileta eya kumhleli, i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso 54

Isahluko sesi-7: Umculo

23–24 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukubalisa ibali 56

Ukufunda nokubukela Isigama – oomabizwafane, oomabizwahluke, oontsingiselo-ninzi, isiduna nesikhomokazi

57

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi – ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nezenzi, izixando zezenzi, iindidi zezenzi, iintlobo zezenzi, imihlathi

58

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi – iindidi zezibanjalo, izifanekisozwi, izikhuzo, amagatya abalwayo

61

Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zebali elifutshane 64

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala isincoko esichazayo 64

25–26 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukwenza intetho engalungiselelwanga 66


Ukufunda nokubukela Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zebali elifutshane 66

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala intetho 67

Isahluko sesi-8: Umbane nokhuseleko

27–28 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukwenza intetho engalungiselelwanga 68



Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala isincoko esibalisayo 69

29–30 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Uvavanyo lokuqonda lokumamela 70

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukufundela ukuqonda – Iindlela zokufunda 70


Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala inqaku lephepha-ndaba 71

29–30 Uhlolo olusesikweni: Umsebenzi wesi-7 ukuya kowe-9 73

Ikota

yesi-

4

Isahluko se-9: Imphato-mbi

31–32 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukwazisa isithethi nokwenza ilizwi lombulelo 76

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukunika intsingiselo 77

Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – Iimpawu zoncwadi lwemveli 77

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala nokunikezela – i-CV neleta ehamba nayo, ukubhala iileta zokubulela, ukubhala i-obhitshuwari

78



Ukufunda nokubukela Uncwadi – iimpawu zentsomi 79

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala isincoko esixoxayo 80

Isahluko se-10: Umabonakude



Ukufunda nokubukela Iimpawu zentsomi 81

Ukubhala nokunikezela Ukubhala inqaku lemagazini 82

37–38 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ingxoxo yeqela/yephaneli 84

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukulungiselela uviwo 84

39–40 Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni 87

Uhlolo


1i n t s h ay e l e l o

1

INKCAZELO YEPOLISI KAZWELONKE YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA

YAMABANGA 10-12

ISIXHOSA

ULWIMI LWASEKHAYA


2 s t u d y & M a s t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e s i x h o s a i b a n g a l e - 1 0

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ICANDELO LOKU-1 INKCAZELO YEPOLISI KAZWELONKE YEKHARITYHULAM NOKUHLOLA YAMABANGA 10-12

1.1 IMVELAPHI INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga R-12 (NKS) icacisa ipolisi yeKharityhulam nokuhlola ezikolweni. Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe ihlaziyiwe, yaye uhlaziyo luya kuqala ukusebenza ngoJanyuwari 2012. Isifundo ngasinye senzelwe uxwebhu olunye lwePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola endaweni yala maxwebhu madala angala: INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe, iziKhokelo zeNkqubo yokuFunda kunye neziKhokelo zokuHlola zesifundo kumaBanga R-12. Le Nkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke ehlaziywe ngokutsha yamaBanga R - 12: ingena endaweni:

(a) yeRevised National Curriculum Statement Grades R – 9, Government Gazette No. 23406 of 31 May 2002, kunye

(b) neNational Curriculum Statement Grade 10 – 12 Government Gazettes, No 25545 of 6 October 2003

and No. 27594 of 17 May 2005. 1.2 Amagqabantshintshi

(a) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke (NKZ) yamaBanga R -12 (Janyuwari 2011) imele inkcazelo

yepolisi kazwelonkekaZwelonke yokufunda nokufundisa kwizikolo zoMzantsi Afrika kwaye yaye iquka oku kulandelayo: (i) IiNkcazelo zePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharityhulam nokuHlola zesifundo ngasinye

esisemthethweni njengoko zidwelisiwe kuxwebhu lwepolisi ethi National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF); kunye

(ii) Noxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion

requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R- 12.) (b) Uxwebhu oluthi National Curriculum Statement Grades R-12 (January 2012) malufundwe kunye

ngokudibeneyo noxwebhu oluthi National Protocol for Assessment Grades R – 12 (January 2012) (c) Amaxwebhu: iNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe, iziKhokelo zeNkqubo yokuFunda kunye nesiKhokhelo

sokuHlola sesiFundo kumaBanga R - 9 kunye namaBanga 10 - 12 ayaguzulwa endaweni yawo kufakelwa iNkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharityhulam nokuHlola yamaBanga R – 12 (Janyuwari 2012).

(d) Uxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, An addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: a

qualification at level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), olumalunga nabafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa, olwapapashwa kwiGovernment Gazette, No. 29466 of 11 December 2006, lufakwe kuxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R – 12.

(e) Uxwebhu lwepolisi oluthi, National policy pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of

the National Curriculum Statement Grades R – 12 namacandelo akwiPolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola njengoko ebonisiwe kwizahluko 2, 3 nesesi-4 zolu xwebhu aqulethe izithethe nemigangatho yeNkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R -12. Luya kuthi, ngokwecandelo 6A loMthetho oLawula iZikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika (South African Schools Act) ka1996 (uMthetho wama-84 ka1996,) lwenze isiseko sokuxhobisa umPhathiswa weMfundo esiSiseko ukuba akwazi ukuqwalasela iziphumo nemigangatho kunye neenkqubo nemigaqo yokuhlola inkqubela phambili yabantwana kwizikolo zikaRhulumente nezabucala.



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1.3 Iinjongo eziphangaleleyo zeKharityhulam yoMzantsi Afrika

(a) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R-12 inika isikhokelo kulwazi, izakhono nexabiso lemfundo. Iya kuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bafumana ulwazi nezakhono ukuze bazisebenzise ngendlela efanelekileyo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Kungoko ke le kharityhulam ikhuthaza uluvo lokusebenzisa kakhulu iimeko zalapha, kodwa ibe ikwayise iso nemiba ebalulekileyo yehlabathi jikelele.

(b) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R-12 yenza oku kulandelayo:

� Ixhobisa abafundi nokuba bavela kweyiphi imo yezentlalo, ubuhlanga, isini, inkangeleko ngokomzimba/ngokwengqondo, ulwazi, izakhono nexabiso ukuze bakwazi ukuzimela nokuthabatha inxaxheba ekuhlaleni.

� Ivulela abafundi amathuba okuya kwimfundo ephakamileyo; � Yenza ukuba kube lula uguqula imeko yabafundi ukusuka kweyamaziko emfundo ukuya

kweyendawo yokusebenza; kwaye � Inika abaqeshi umfanekiso ocacileyo ngobuchule nolwazi abanalo abafundi.

(c) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R-12 isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko

ilandelayo:

� Ukuphuculwa kwezentlalo: ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungalingani kwezemfundo kwexesha langaphambili kuyalungiswa, nokuba bonke abemi banikwa amathuba emfundo alinganayo;

� Ukufunda ngokubandakanyeka nangokuqiqa: ukukhuthaza indlela yokufundisa efuna abafundi ukuba bacinge, bafunde ngokuzimisela nangokuzinikezela babuqonde ubunyani bento endaweni yokufunda ngokunkqaya;

� Ulwazi nezakhono ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo: elona qondo liphantsi lolwazi nezakhono ekufuneka abafundi beliphumezile kwibanga ngalinye, kananjalo imisela imigangatho ephezulu enokuphunyelelwa kuzo zonke izifundo.

� Ukuqhubela phambili: umxholo wokufundwayo neemeko ekufundwa phantsi kwazo kwibanga ngalinye ubonisa ukuqhubela phambili, ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsokothileyo;

� Amalungelo oluntu, ukuqukaniswa lwabafundi, ukukhathalelwa kokusingqongileyo nobulungisa bezentlalo: ukufakwa kwemithetho–siseko neendlela zokwenza ubulungisa kwezentlalo nokukhathalela okusingqongileyo kwanamalungelo oluntu, njengoko echaziwe kuMgaqo-siseko weRiphablikhi yoMzantsi Afrika. INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga 10 - 12 (Gabalala) ibonakalisa uvakalelo kwimiba yeyantlukwano enjengendlala, ukungalingani, ubuhlanga, isini, ulwimi, ubudala, ukuba nenkubazeko kwaneminye imiba;

� Ukuxatyiswa kweendlela zolwazi lwemveli: ukuthathela ingqalelo ubutyebi bembali kunye nelifa lemveli leli lizwe njengezinto ezinegalelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuliseni konke okuxabisekileyo njengoko kuqulunqwe nguMgaqo-siseko; kunye

� Nentembeko, umgangatho ophezulu, kunye negalelo elibonakalayo: izisa utshintsho ngokubonelela ngemfundo ekumgangatho enokuthelekiswa neyamanye amazwe malunga nezinga, umthamo kwanomhlaba ovelelwayo othelekisekayo nowalowo wezo mfundo zamanye amazwe.

(d) INkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke yamaBanga R-12 ijonge ukuphuhlisa abafundi abakwaziyo:

� ukuchonga nokusombulula iingxaki nokwenza izigqibo besebenzisa ukucinga nzulu nokuqiqa; � ukusebenza ngempumelelo bebodwa naxa bekunye nabanye njengamalungu eqela; � ukuzicwangcisa nokuzilawula bona buqu kunye nemisebenzi yabo ngentembeko nangempumelelo; � ukuqokelela, ukuhlalutya, ukucwangcisa nokuhlaba amadlala ulwazi; � ukunxibelelana nabanye ngempumelelo besebenzisa ubuchule bokubonwayo, bemiqondiso

kunye/okanye nezinye izakhono zolwimi ngeendlela ezahlukileyo; � ukusebenzisa inzululwazi neteknoloji ngempumelelo nangokubonakalisa ukuba noxanduva

ngokunengqiqo bebonakalisa ukukhathalela okusingqongileyo nempilo yabanye; kunye



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� nokubonisa ukuliqonda ihlabathi ukuba liyiseti yezinto ngezinto ezizalanayo ngokuqaphela ukuba iimeko ezisonjululwa phantsi kwazo iingxaki azizimelanga zodwa geqe.

(e) Ukuqukaniswa kwemfundo kufuneka kube ngundoqo ekulungiseleleni, ekucwangciseni nesekufundiseni

kwisikolo ngasinye. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa bonke ootitshala benolwazi olunzulu noluphangaleleyo lwendlela yokuqonda nokusombulula izidingo zokufundisa nendlela yokucwangcisela abafundi abangafaniyo. Undoqo ekulawuleni ukuqukaniswa kwemfundo kukuqinisekisa ukuba izidingo ziyachongwa ze zisonjululwe ngawo onke amaqela enkxaso efanelekileyo asesikolweni, aquka ootitshala, amagosa esithili, amaQela eNkxaso amaZiko, abazali neZikolo zabaFundi abaneeMfuno eZizodwa njengamaZiko aXhobisayo. Ukusombulula izidingo eklasini, ootitshala mabasebenzise iindlela ngeendlela zokujongana neyantlukwano kwikharityhulam ezifana nezo zikuxwebhu lweSebe leMfundo esiSiseko oluthi Guidelines for Inclusive Teaching and Learning (2010).

1.4 UKwabiwa kweXesha

1.4.1IsiGaba esiSisiseko

(a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa kwisiGaba esiSisiseko limi ngolu hlobo:

Isifundo Ixesha elabiweyo ngeveki (iiyure)

I. IiLwimi II. IziBalo

III. IZakhono zoBomi • ULwazi olusiSiseko • UbuGcisa beZandla • EzemiThambo • UkuziPhatha neNtlalo

10 (11) 7 6 (7) 1 (2) 2 2 1

(b) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa lamaBanga R, 1 nelesi-2 ziiyure ezingama-23. IBanga lesi-3 ziiyure

ezingama-25. (c ) KwiiLwimi zili-10 iyure kumaBanga R-2 zize zibe li-11 kwiBanga lesi-3. ULwimi

lwaseKhaya/Lwenkobe lwabelwe iiyure ezisi-7 ukuya kwezisi-8, kanti uLwimi oloNgezelelweyo lona lwabelwe iiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 kumaBanga R - 2. Kwibanga lesi-3, uLwimi lwaseKhaya lwabelwe iiyure ezisi-7 ukuya kwezisi-8, kanti uLwimi lokuQala oLongezelelweyo lwabelwe iiyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4.

(d) KwiZakhono zoBomi, uLwazi olusiSiseko lwabelwe iyure e-1 kumaBanga R – 2, zi-2 njengoko

kubonisiwe kwizibiyeli kwiBanga lesi-3.

1.4.2 IsiGaba esiPhakathi (a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa kwisiGaba esiPhakathi limi ngolu hlobo:


I. ULwimi lwaseKhaya II. ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo III. IziBalo IV. INzululwazi nobuChwepheshe

(neTeknoloji) V. INzululwazi yezeNtlalo

6 5 6 3.5

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VI. IZakhono zoBomi • Ubugcisa beZandla • EzemiThambo • UkuziPhatha neNtlalo

4 1.5 1 1.5

1.4.3 Isigaba esiPhezulu

(a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa kwisiGaba esiPhezulu limi ngolu hlobo:


I. ULwimi lwaseKhaya II. ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo III. IziBalo IV. INzululwazi yezeNdalo V. INzululwazi yezeNtlalo

VI. UbuChwepheshe (iTeknoloji) VII. INzululwazi yoLawulo

lwezoQoqosho VIII. IziFundo ngezoBomi IX. UbuGcisa beZandla

5 4 4.5 3 3 2 2

2 2

1.4.4 AmaBanga 10-12

(a) Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa amaBanga 10-12 limi ngolu hlobo:

Izifundo Ixesha elabiweyo ngeveki (iiyure)

I. ULwimi lwaseKhaya II. ULwimi lokuQala

oloNgezelelweyo III. IziBalo IV. IziFundo ngezoBomi V. Ezithathu eziKhethwayo

4.5 4.5

4.5 2 12 (3x4yr)

Ixesha elabelwe ukufundisa ngeveki malisetyenziselwe ukufundisa izifundo ngokweemfuno zezifundo zeNKZ ezichatshazelwe apha ngasentla, hayi ezinye izifundo ezongezelelweyo. Ukuba umfundi ufuna ukongeza izifundo, makongezelwe elinye ixesha lezo zifundo azongezileyo.



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ICANDELO 2

Ukwazisa iiLwimi 2.1 Iilwimi ngokweNkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharutyhulam nokuHlola Ulwimi sisixhobo sokucinga nonxibelelwano. Lukwayindlela yenkcubeko nobugcisa abantu abadla ngokwabelana ngayo ukuze baliqonde ngcono ilizwe abaphila kulo. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngokuchanekileyo kuxhobisa abafundi ukuze bakwazi ukufumana ulwazi, ukuzivakalisa ukuba bangoobani, iimvakalelo neembono zabo, ukunxibelelana ngokukuko nabanye nokuzilawulela ilizwe labo. Le nto yenza abafundi babe noluhlu lwemifanekiso neengcinga ezityebileyo, ezinamandla nezizinzileyo eziya kubanceda ekwenzeni ilizwe labo litshintshe kwinto eliyiyo; libe ngcono; licace ngaphezu kokuba licacile. Ulwimi yindlela yokudandalazisa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, obo budlelwane bunokuguqulwa, bandiswe, buphuculwe lulwimi. Imigangatho yolwimi Ukufunda ngeelwimi kumaBanga 10-12 kuquka zonke iilwimi zaseburhulumenteni zaseMzantsi Afrika, - isi-Afrikansi, isiNgesi, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, iSipedi (iSisuthu saseMantla), iSisuthu, iSitswana, iSiswati, isiVenda nesisiTsonga, kuquka noLwimi loMjeku (Sign Language) nezinye ezingezozaseMzantsi Afrika (Non-Official). Ezi lwimi zingafundiswa kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo eyile: ULwimi lwaseKhaya / lwenkobe lulwimi lokuqala olufundwa ngabafundi emakhayeni abo kuba kuthethwa lona; lulwimi abalusebenzisayo ukufunda ukucinga. Izikolo ezininzi zaseMzantsi Afrika abafundi azibafundisi ngeelwimi zabo zasekhaya koko bafunda ulwimi olunye okanye ezimbini ezikumgangatho wolwimi lwasekhaya. Ngoko ke amagama athi uLwimi lwaseKhaya / lweenkobe, noLwimi lokuQala oLongezelelweyo abhekiselele kumgangatho lowo ulwimi lwenziwa ngawo, hayi ukuba lolwenkobe (olwaseKhaya) okanye lufundiwe (njengeelwimi ezongezelelweyo). Ngokwenjongo yale polisi xa kubhekisa kulwimi lwasekhaya makwazeke ukuba loo nto imele umgagatho wolwimi hayi ulwimi uqobo. Umgangatho woLwimi lwaseKhaya / lwenkobe unika abafundi izakhono ezingundoqo zokukwazi ukuthetha nabanye abantu ezifuneka kwimo yokuhlala yasekuhlaleni nezakhono zemfundo ezifunekayo ngokwekharityhulam jikelele. Kugxininiswa ekufundisweni kwezi zakhono: ukuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda, ukubhala kulo mgagatho. Lo mgangatho ukwanika abafundi amathuba okufunda uncwadi nobugcisa nengqikelelo eya kubenza bakwazi ukuyila, ukuqikelela nokuxhobisa ukuqonda kwabo ilizwe abaphila kulo. Kodwa ugxininiso nomlinganiselo wokuphulaphula nokuthetha ukususela kwiBanga lesi-7 ukuya phezulu ungaphantsi kwalowo wezakhono zokufunda nokubhala. Umgangatho woLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo uthatha ngokuba abafundi abanalwazi kwaphela ngolu lwimi xa befika esikolweni. Kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yasesikolweni kugxilwa kakhulu ekukhuliseni izakhono zabafundi zokuqonda nokukwazi ukuluthetha olu lwimi – izakhono ezingundoqo zokunxibelelana nabanye abantu. KwiBanga lesi-2 nelesi-3 abafundi baqala ukukhulisa ulwazi (ilitheresi) kwesi siseko sokunxibelelana ngomlomo. Bakwasebenzisa izakhono zelitheresi abasele bezifunde kuLwimi lwabo lwaseKhaya / lweNkobe. KwisiGaba esiPhakathi nesiPhezulu, abafundi bayaqhuba nokuqinisa izakhono zabo zokuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala. Kweli nqanaba uninzi lwabantwana bafunda ngoLwimi lwabo lokuQala oloNgezeleweyo, yaye kufuneka babekwe kwiimeko apho baza kusisebenzisa nangakumbi. Ukugxininiso olukhulu lokusetyenziswa koLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo lukwinjongo yokucinga nokuqiqa. Le nto yenza ukuba abafundi bakhulise



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izakhono zabo zemfundo, abanokuzifuna ekufundeni izifundo. Bakwasebenza nangakumbi ngoncwadi baqale ukukhulisa ukukwazi kwabo ukonwabela ubuhle bobugcisa nengqikelelo ngoLwimi lwabo oLongezelelweyo. Ngethuba abafundi befika kwiBanga le-10, kufuneka babe sele bekwazi ukulusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo uLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo ngokubhekiselele kwizakhono zokunxibelelana nabantu kunye nezokuqonda izifundo. Kodwa ke kucacile ukuba abafundi abaninzi abanakukwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle ngoLwimi lwabo lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo kweli nqanaba. Ngoko ke, umngeni wamaBanga 10 – 12 kukunika aba bafundi inkxaso kodwa bekwanikwa ikharityhulam evumela ukuba abafundi bafezekise imigangatho efunekayo kwiBanga le-12. Le migangatho mayenziwe ngendlela yokuba abafundi balusebenzise kwinqanaba elingasentla ulwimi olongezelelweyo ukwenzela ukubalungiselela imfundo yamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo okanye ilizwe lomsebenzi. 2.2 Iinjongo ezicacileyo zokufunda iiLwimi Ukufunda ulwimi kufanele ukuba kwenze abafundi bakwazi:

• Ukufunda ngezakhono zolwimi ezifunekayo ekufundeni gabalala ezinye izifundo kwikharityhulam; • Ukuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda/ukubukela nokubhala/ukunikezela ngokuzithemba nangokonwaba.

Ezi zakhono nezi ndlela zokucinga zisisiseko sokufunda kubomi gabalala;

• Ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngokuchanekileyo kwiimeko zobomi bethabathela ingqalelo abaphulaphuli, injongo nomxholo;

• Ukusebenzisa ulwimi nengqikelelo yabo ukuzikhangela nangakumbi nokufunda banzi ngelizwe

elibangqongileyo. Le nto iya kubenza bakwazi ukuthetha ngamava abo nezinto abazifunde ngobomi, loo nto beyenza ngomlomo nangokubhala;

• Ukusebenzisa ulwimi njengesixhobo sokuzingela nokusebenzisa ulwazi abalufumeneyo nakwezinye

izifundo gabalala. Isakhono sokukwazi ukuqokelela nokucwangcisa ulwazi olufumeneyo sisiseko sokuphila kule mihla ‘yempucuko nolwazi’ sikwasisiseko sokufunda kubomi gabalala; kunye

• Nokusebenzisa ulwimi njengesixhobo sokucinga nzulu; ukwenzela ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo kwimiba

yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuziphatha nezithethe zentlalo; ukufunda ngokuqiqa uluhlu lweetekisi; ukucela umngeni kwiindlela ezibonwa ngayo izinto, izithethe namagunya asekuhlaleni akwiitekisi; nasekufundeni iitekisi befundela iinjongo ngeenjongo, ezifana nokuzonwabisa, uphando, ukuhlalutya.



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2.3. Amagqabantshintshi ngeKharityhulam yolwimi Le kharityhulam ilungiswe ngokwezi zakhono, imixholo neendlela zokufundisa zilandelayo:

Ukuphulaphula • Inkqubo yokuphulaphula

• Amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokuphulaphula

• Okwenziwayo xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokuphulaphula

• Okwenziwayo emva komsebenzi wokuphulaphula • Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokufumana ulwazi oluthile • Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokuhlalutya nokuphonononga

ngokunzulu • Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokuziyolisa

Ukuthetha • Inkqubo neendlela ezicwangcisiweyo (izitratheji)

zokuthetha o Ukucwangcisa, ukuphanda nokulungisa o Ukwenza intetho

• Iimpawu nemigaqo yeetekisi ze-Orali / zeNtetho yomlomo

Ukufunda nokubukela • Inkqubo yokufunda

o Amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokufunda o Okwenziwayo xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokufunda o Okwenziwayo emva komsebenzi wokuphulaphula

• Ubugcisa neendlela ezicwangcisiweyo ezisetyenziswayo kwinkqubo yokufunda

• Uphuhliso lwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi • Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nokucwangciswa kwetekisi • Iimpawu zoncwadi Ukubhala nokunikezela Inkqubo yokubhala • Ukucwangcisa/amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokubhala • Ukudrafta • Ukuhlaziya • Ukuhlela • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ukunikezela • Izakhiwo zolwimi nemigaqo kwinkqubo yokubhala • Iimpawu zeetekisi eziveliswayo Izakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi

2.4 Injongo engundoqo yokufundiswa kwezakhono zolwimi Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha ngundoqo ekufundweni kwazo zonke izifundo. Ngeendlela ezicwangcisiweyo zokuphulaphula nokuthetha, abafundi baqokelela ulwazi baze baluhluze, balubumbe, basombulule iingxaki bandule ukuvakalisa izimvo neembono zabo. Izakhono zokuphulaphula ezingundoqo zixhobisa abafundi ukuze bakwazi ukuqaphela imiba yezentlalo yokuziphatha neendlela zokucinga ezifumaneka kwiitekisi bakwazi nokucela umngeni ulwimi olunxaxhileyo noluqhathayo. Zonke ezi zakhono zokuthetha zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo xa zisetyenziswa nezakhiwo zolwimi. Ukufundwa kwesakhiwo solwimi makuncedise ukuqhakamshelana okufanelekileyo yaye kuhambelane nokusetyenziswa kolwimi kwizimo zentlalo ezahlukeneyo, umz. ukuvakalisa iingcinga okanye iimvakalelo zomntu, ukwazisa abantu, ukukhombisa indlela nokunika imiyalelo. Izakhono zokuphulaphula eziza kufundiswa ziza kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwetekisi yomlomo neenjongo zomphulaphuli. Ukufunda nokubukela ngundoqo ekufundeni okuyimpumelelo kwizifundo zonke, kwakunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwintlalo nakwiindawo zemisebenzi. Abafundi bakhulisa ubugcisa ekufundeni nasekujongeni intaphane yeetekisi zoncwadi nezingezozoncwadi, kubandakanya iitekisi ezibukwayo. Ukuqondakala nokuchazwa kwentsingiselo yezinto ezibhaliweyo nezibukwayo kuxhomekeke kulwazi umfundi analo ngezakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi kunye namava akhe obomi. Izakhi zolwimi zinceda abafundi ekwazini indlela iitekisi ezakhiwe ngayo. Abafundi mabasebenzise imigaqo yamalungiselelo okufunda, ukufunda nasemva kokuba kufundiwe ukunceda ukuba baqonde kwaye bacacise iindidi ngeendidi zeetekisi umz. ukuqikelela, ukucacisa, ukuphonononga. Abafundi mabasebenzise imigaqo yamalungiselelo okufunda efana nokukrwaqula nokubalekisa amehlo (skimming and scanning) bekhangela iimpawu zetekisi, izahluko zencwadi nokwakhiwa kwemihlathi/iitekisi bafunde ukuba zidlala yiphi indima kwintsingiselo. Abafundi mabancendiswe ukwakha isigama ngokufunda iindidi ngeendidi zetekisi. Kodwa ke kwesi sigaba sokugqibela sokufunda (amabanga10 – 12) le misebenzi ifuna ugxininiso oluncinane kuba kugxininiswe kakhulu kuyo kumabanga angezantsi.



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Ukubhala nokunikezela kuvumela abafundi ukuba bavelise badlulise iingcinga neembono ngokubumbeneyo. Ukuziqhelisa ukubhala rhoqo, ngeemeko ezahlukileyo, imisebenzi, nemimandla yezifundo, kwenza ukuba abafundi badlulise ulwazi ngendlela olusebenza ngayo ulwimi, besebenzisa isiphiwo sokuyila. Injongo kukuvelisa ababhali abanesakhono, nabanolwazi oluphangeleleyo, abaya kukwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchule babo ekwakheni iitekisi ezamkelekileyo ezibhaliweyo, ezibukwayo, kunye nezezinye iindidi ngeendidi zeetekisi zemalthimidiya, besenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ulwazi lwezakhi nemigaqo yolwimi luya kwenza abafundi bakwazi ukuvelisa iitekisi ezibumbeneyo nezilandelelana ngendlela. Izakhi zolwimi mazifundiswe ukwakha iitekisi ngokwemeko ezisetyenziswa kuzo. Izakhi zolwimi mazifundiselwe ukwakha iitekisi ngokweemeko ezisetyenziswa kuzo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezakhi zolwimi makungapheleliswa ekuhlahleleni izivakalisi ezizimeleyo. Kufuneka kucacise indlela ezilandelelana ngayo izivakalisi ukwakha iitekisi ezipheleleyo ezifana namabali, izincoko, iileta, neengxelo nezinye abafundi abazifundayo nabazibhalayo esikolweni. Ezi zakhono mazifundiswe ngokudibeneyo, zingasetyenziswa zizimele. Xa zifundiswa zidityanisiwe ezi zakhono, ugxininiso kwisakhono esinye lunokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwesinye isakhono umzekelo, umfundi owenza ingxoxo-mpikiswano uza kufunda isincoko esixoxayo/esivelela amacala amabini engxoxo ze emva koko akhuphe esakhe isincoko esixoxayo/esivelela amacala amabini esibhaliweyo esebenzisa izakhi zolwimi ezifana nezithethantonye (izifanokuthi) nezichasi, izilanduli nezihlanganisi, nezinye. Izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni nasekuveliseni iitekisi zomlomo nezibhaliweyo, ngoko ke kufuneka zidityaniswe nezi zakhono zolwimi kuthethwe ngazo apha ngentla. 2.5 Iindlela zokufundiswa kolwimi Iindlela zokufundiswa kolwimi kula maxwebhu zezisekelwe kwiitekisi, ezibandakanyayo, ezidibanisayo nezifundisa ngokwenkqubo. Indlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiitekisi kunye nendlela yokufundisa ngokubandakanya abafundi zixhomekeke kakhulu kusetyenziso rhoqo noveliso lweendidi ngeendidi zeetekisi. Indlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiitekisi ifundisa abafundi ukuba babe ngababhali nabafundi abagqwesileyo, abazithembileyo nabaqiqayo. Oku kubandakanya ukuphulaphula, ukufunda, ukubukela nokuhlalutya iitekisi ukwenzela ukuqonda indlela eziveliswe ngayo nefuthe lazo. Le nto iphuhlisa izakhono zabafundi zokuphengulula nokuphendla iitekisi gabalala. Iitekisi zoqobo ngowona mthombo ekusekelwa kuwo umxholo nemeko yokufundwa nokufundiswa kolwimi ngendlela enxibelelanayo nedibeneyo. Indlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiitekisi ikwabandakanya uveliso lweendidi ngeendidi zeetekisi ezilungiselelwe iinjongo ezithile nabaphulaphuli/abafundi abathile. Konke oku kusekelwe kwingqiqo yokwazi indlela iitekisi ezakhiwe ngayo. Indlela yokufundisa ngokubandakanya abafundi icebisa ukuba xa ufunda ulwimi, umfundi makanikwe ithuba elaneleyo lokulusebenzisa olu lwimi alufundayo kunye namathuba okuziqhelanisa okanye ukuqhakamshelana ngomlomo esebenzisa lona. Abafundi bafunda ukufunda ngokuthi banikwe babe nezinto abazifundayo kananjalo nokubhala bakufunda ngokunikwa amathuba amaninzi okubhala. Ukufundisa ngokwenkqubo kusetyenziswa xa abafundi bevelisa iitekisi zomlomo nezibhaliweyo. Abafundi bathabatha inxaxheba kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo eenkqubo zokuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala. Abafundi mabacinge ngababukeli/abaphulaphuli nangenjongo xa besenza ezi nkqubo. Loo nto iya kubenza bakwazi ukuqhakamshelana, ukuthetha nokuveza iimbono zabo ngobuchule. Umzekelo, ukufundiswa kokubhala akugxininisi kwisiphumo kuphela, koko kugxininisa nakwinjongo nenkqubo yokubhala. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhala abafundi bafundiswa ukuvelisa izimvo, ukucinga ngenjongo, nabantu abaza kufunda umsebenzi wabo, ukubhala iidrafti ukuhlela umsebenzi wabo nokunikezela ngaloo nto bayibhalileyo edandalazisa iingcinga zabo. Iindlela zokufundiswa koncwadi Esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokufunda uncwadi eklasini kukukhulisa uvakalelo lwabafundi kusetyenziso lolwimi ngendlela ecolekileyo, enobuchule, enongiweyo, enemifanekiso-ngqondweni, nemiqondiso nenzulileyo kunokuba



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befunda enye into engelulo uncwadi. Noxa ezinye iitekisi zoncwadi izezokuzonwabisa, ukuhlekisa, ukwandisa ulwazi, ababhali abazimiseleyo nabazinikezeleyo babhala iinoveli, imidlalo, isihobe kuba beneengcinga, imibono nemiba; imithetho-siseko, iimbono, neenkolelo abafuna ukwabelana ngazo nokuziveza kubafundi beencwadi zabo. Ingqikelelo ekusetyenzisweni kolwimi yenye yeendlela ezongeziweyo zokutyhila, ukomeleza nokugxininisa iingcinga zaba babhali. Ukufundiswa koncwadi okukho lula, kodwa kunzima ngakumbi xa zingekho iingcinga zabafundi, ukufumana intsingiselo nokuphawula okunyanisekileyo okuvela kubafundi ngokwabo. Ngaphandle kokuba bazifundele ngokwabo ukuyazi intsingiselo engqalileyo yetekisi leyo, abayi kube bafunde okuninzi. Ootitshala mabazinxweme ekuchazeni uncwadi ngendlela abayiva ngayo incwadi, bavumele abafundi ukuba ibe ngabo abathabatha inxaxheba enkulu xa kuhlalutywa. Uhlalutyo okanye ukuchazwa kwencwadi ukukho malunga nokuchaneka okanye ukungachaneki. Koko kukuphanda ngentsingiselo kulowo uyifundayo. Ezona ndlela zingcono zokufundisa uncwadi zinokuquka ezinye okanye zonke ezi zilandelayo: • Ngokufunda itekisi eklasini ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngomnye umsebenzi. Oku akunakuthatha

ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini. Kubalulekile ukuba abafundi babe nolwazi olucacileyo ngokuqhubekayo nokungundoqo wetekisi (ukuba ingantoni). Ukufunda itekisi ithuba elide kukwenza ulahlekane nesakhiwo nomxholo; funda isiqwanaqwana ngethutyana ukuze wazi ukuthethwayo. Kwiiklasi ezininzi itekisi ifundwa ngaphandle kwale nkxaso. Oku makukhuthazwe. Fundisa isihobe gabalala, hayi imibongo. Fundani kangangoko ninako eklasini ze uqiniseke ukuba abafundi nabo babhala eyabo imibongo.

• Ukuhlalutywa koncwadi kubaluleke kakhulu kwimfundo yaseyunivesithi, abafundi kulo mgangatho abafanelanga kufunda uhlalutyo oluntsokothileyo. Kodwa ke wonke umsebenzi wokufundisa abafundi uncwadi kukubonisa ukuba ulwimi lwabo lwasekhaya / lwenkobe lungasetyenziswa mayana, ngobukrelekrele, ngokuqikelela nangokuvulelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuqwalaselisisa ukuba itekisi yakhiwe kanjani, ubuchule obusetyenzisiweyo, ukucwangciswa kwayo ngokutsha ukucacisa nokugxininisa loo nto iboniswayo. Lo msebenzi unokufuna uqwalaselo lobukho nokungabikho kwemifanekiso-ngqondweni, mfanekiso ngqondweni wuphi ophuhliswa ngumbhali? Kutheni? ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nemihlathi, okanye ubume bemibongo, amagama akhethiweyo, umxholo kwitekisi jikelele, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso, isandi, umbala apho kuyimfumeko. Uninzi lwalo msebenzi maluxhomekeke kuloo ncwadi ifundwayo, kodwa ukuhlalutywa komqolo ngomqolo kulo naluphi uncwadi olubhaliweyo akumkhulisi umfundi.

• Uyilo lokubhala kufuneka luhambelane ngqongqo nokufundiswa kwayo nayiphi na itekisi yoncwadi. Imisebenzi ebhalwayo efuna ngamandla ulwazi lwetekisi efundiweyo ifunyaniswa ukuba incedisa ngakumbi ukuseka izinga eliphakamileyo lokuxabisa/lokuhluza kwicala labafundi. Iingxoxo zaseklasini zingaba nempumelelo xa wonke ubani enokuthabatha inxaxheba. Kodwa ezo zinesiphelo somsebenzi obhaliweyo zezona zifezekisa injongo nezincedisayo macala onke.

• Elokugqibela, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uNcwadi ayizompendulo zichanekileyo: umz. uluvo lokuba umbongo ungathetha nantoni na ukuba nje ‘unobungqina’ baloo nto uyithethayo obuvela kwitekisi luyalahlekisa yaye lukhokelela kwiingcinga ezingaqiqwanga malunga nendlela olusebenza ngayo uncwadi. Itekisi xa iyonke ichaza/icacisa into ngokuzeleyo hayi ngokweziqendu; ufundisiso lwetekisi olulungileyo luquka yonke itekisi ekuchazweni kwentsingiselo yayo, ukwakhiwa, izimvo zakho, nokuphononongwa kwayo.

2.6 Ulwabiwo lwexesha kwiKharityhulam Ixesha lokufundisa uLwimi lwaseKhaya / lweNkobe ziiyure ezi-4.5 ngeveki kwiiveki ezingama-40 zonyaka. Wonke umxholo wolwimi wabelwe iiveki ezimbini, oko kukuthi ziyure ezili-9 ngeeveki ezibini. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ootitshala balandele eli xesha leeveki ezimbini kodwa kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba izakhono zokufunda, ngakumbi ezokufunda nokubhala iitekisi zenziwa kangangoko. Ixesha elabelwe izakhono zolwimi ezahlukeneyo kumaBanga e-10 nele-11 ziiveki ezingama-36. Iiveki ezine zimele iimviwo. Ixesha loLwimi lwaseKhaya kwiBanga le-12 ziiveki ezingama-30. Iiveki ezilishumi zezoviwo.



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Kwithayimtheyibhile ulwimi malwabelwe iiphiriyodi ezimbini ezidibeneyo ngeveki. Kulwabiwo lweeveki ezimbini zokufundisa izakhono ezahlukileyo zolwimi kucetyiswa eli xesha lilandelayo:

Izakhono Ulwabiwo lwexesha lweeveki ezimbini

(ngokweeyure)

%

*UkuPhulaphula nokuThetha 1 10 *UkuFunda nokuBukela: isiCatshulwa noNcwadi: 4 45 *UkuBhala nokuNikezela 4 45 *Izakhi zolwimi nokusetyenziswa kwalo kudityanisiwe kulwabiwo lwexesha lwezakhono ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla. 2.7 Iimfuno zokufundiswa koLwimi lwaseKhaya / lweNkobe njengesifundo/njengesabjekthi

• Umfundi ngamnye kufuneka abe noku kulandelayo: (a) Incwadi emiselweyo yolwimi. (b) Ezi ndidi zoncwadi zivunyiweyo /ziphunyeziweyo: Inoveli / Uncwadi lwemveli Idrama Isihobe (c) Isichazi-magama (d) Izixhobo zokusasaza iindaba: Ingqokelela yamaphephandaba neemagazini

• Utitshala kufuneka abe noku kulandelayo: (a) INkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharityhulam nokuHlola (CAPS) (b) Ipolisi yoLwimi lweMfundo (LiEP) (c) Incwadi emiselweyo yolwimi esetyenziswa ngabafundi nezinye ezinokusetyenziswa (d) Ezi ndidi zoncwadi zivunyiweyo/ziphunyeziweyo:

Inoveli / Uncwadi lwemveli Idrama Isihobe (e) Izichazi-magama (f) Izixhobo zokusasaza iindaba: Ingqokelela yamaphephandaba, iimagazini neebrowutsha



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ICANDELO 3 IZakhono, uMxholo, iiNdlela zokuFundisa neziCwangciso zokuFundisa

Eli candela lahlulwe KABINI: linesishwankathelo sezakhono, umxholo neendlela zokufundisa, kunye neziCwangciso zokuFundisa.

3.1 UkuPhulaphula nokuThetha • Inkqubo yokuphulaphula • Amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokuphulaphula

o Yakha imeko/ubume o Tsala umdla o Qiniseka ngesigama o Thelekelela umongo o Qiniseka ngolwazi olusele lukhona o Vuselela ulwazi onalo/lwangaphambili o Qwalasela imigangatho yokuphulaphula o Phulaphula ngenjongo ethile

• Okwenziwayo xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokuphulaphula

o Hlalutya � Umyalezo � Isithethi � Ubungqina besithethi, indlela esicinga ngayo nesicenga ngayo/esithundeza ngayo

o Zidibanise neengcinga zesithethi o Fumana intsingiselo o Buza imibuzo o Thatha izigqibo kwaye uqininsekise ngokuthelekelela obekwenziwe o Cingicisa ze uphonononge

• Okwenziwayo emva komsebenzi wokuphulaphula o Buza imibuzo o Thetha ngokuthethwe sisithethi o Shwankathela ngomlomo oko ubukuphulaphule o Qwalasela kwakhona amanqaku owabhale ngethuba uphulaphule o Cingisisa uze uphonononge ngokunzulu oko kuviweyo o Yenza imisebenzi eza kwakha imiba efundiweyo o Cingisisa /qwalasela oko bekuphulaphulwe

• Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokufumana ulwazi oluthile

Ukuphulaphula, kunokuva nje, ngundoqo wokujongana ngengqiqo nayo nayiphi na imeko ohlangana nayo koko kukungqongileyo. Kwilizwe apho kusetyenziswa khona ubuchwepheshe (iteknoloji) obufana nezandi, amazwi, umculo, nokuthetha, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuphulaphula loo nto inentsingiselo kuphela. Okuninzi koku kudweliswe apha ngezantsi, okwenzeka kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo enkqubo yokuphulaphula ekuthethwe ngayo apha ngentla, kunokungaqheleki kubafundi kwesi sigaba, yaye ootitshala kufuneka basebenze kuphela kwezo nkqubo bafumanisa ukuba kusafuneka begxininise kuzo. • Jonga ulwazi abanalo kuqala phambi kokuba baphulaphule • Qondisisa injongo yesithethi • Phulaphulisisa ze ubonakalise umdla • Funa intsingiselo • Jonga ukuba umyalezo uyavakala na ngokuthi unxulumanise, uqikelele uze ungqinisise olo qikelelo, uthatha

izigqibo, uphonononge, ucingisise ze ucinge kwakhona malunga nokuvileyo



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• Thabatha amanqaku anentsingiselo ugqabaza, ubonisa icala eya ngakulo intetho, uyibeka kuhlobo oluthile, ushwankathela, usenza iitshekilisti, ubeka intetho ngamazwi akho, ubalisa kwakhona, ucacise

• Bonisa umyalezo ovela kwisithethi • Qwalasela/jonga imeko nohlobo lwamagama • Khetha/chonga, fumana intsingiselo ze uphonononge imiyalezo • Phulaphula imiyalelo, imikhomba-ndlela nemigaqo emayilandelwe • Fumana iingcinga ezingundoqo nezixhasayo • Sebenzisa ulwazi ngoku-: thelekisa, phulaphula imiyalelo, vala izikhewu, qwalasela umahluko, korekisha imiba

ethile, dlulisa ulwazi, landalelanisa, dibanisa, ze uchaze intsingiselo • Landelela loo ntetho ibisenziwa ngoku-: phendula imibuzo, qwalasela kwakhona amanqaku akho obuwabhalile,

hlela iingcinga, shwankathela, cacisa, cingisisa, thetha okanye ubhale Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokuhlalutya nokuphonononga Uninzi lwezi nkqubo zidweliswe apha ngezantsi ziluncedo ekufundeni iitekisi zoncwadi, kwizibhengezo nakumaxhwebhu ezopolitiko. Emva komsebenzi wokuphulaphula, ootitshala badla ngokuvulela amathuba okuxoxa, kodwa kuluncedo ukuba emva kwengxoxo benze umsebenzi obhaliweyo. Kungacatshulwa isicatshulwa esithathwe kumculo wesandi sefilim sisityenziswe ukuqala isincoko esibalisayo. (“Yintoni kanye le uyivayo? Funa intsingiselo yayo.”). Ukukhethwa kwamagama ‘achukumisayo’ ze avuselele imizwa kwintetho, okanye ekufundeni umbongo kungaqukwa ekubhaleni okuhambelana naloo meko okanye loo nto ubhala ngayo. Quka amagama kwintetho ephikisayo kuleyo ithethwa sisithethi; okanye usebenzise la magama kumbongo wakho ukuze ulwazi lwakho lwamagama lucace. o Khetha uchaze intsingiselo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi olulukuhlayo noluqhathayo, olunika ingcinga ecalanye

nedlelelelayo, ingcinga ebethelelekileyo engeyonyaniso o Yahlula phakathi kwenyani noluvo o Bonakalisa ulwazi malunga nethoni, isantya nokusetyenziswa kolwimi o Phendula kwisimbo, ithoni nerejista uphonononge ngendlela efanelekileyo o Kwazi ukulandelelanisa ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo o Thelekelela ze uveze ubungqina o Thelekelela ze uqikelele iziqhamo zoko/iziphumo zoko o Phendula ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi, ukhetho lwamagama, ifomathi, ukubizwa/uphimiselo lwamagama. Ukuphulaphula ngenjongo yokuziyolisa Le misebenzi yokuphulaphula yenzeka ngokulula kwiingxoxo-mpikiswano, iingxoxo zamaqela amancinci, nakuyo nayiphi na ingxoxo elungisiweyo. Ukubukela iikliphu zefilim kungaba luncedo kakhulu ekuhlahleleni ezi mpawu zidweliswe apha ngezantsi: o Ukuphendula kwiimeko ngeemeko zoqhakamshelwano o Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yokunika amathuba xa nincokola. o Ukubuza imibuza ukuqhubela phambili incoko. o Ukuphendula kulwimi, izijekulo, ukunamathelisa iliso nokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba. o Ukuboninsa ukuzalana phakathi kolwimi nenkcubeko ngokubonakalisa intlonipho kwinkcubeko yethu.

Ukuthetha Ukuba abafundi ekupheleni kwesi isiqedu kwimfundo yabo bangakwazi ukuthetha lula, kakuhle nangokugqibeleyo, bangaba bafumene eyona nto ibalulekileyo ebomini babo bobuqu noboqeqesho. Ukwakha ukuzithemba kubaluleke kakhulu kunabo nabuphi na ubuchule bentetho yasedlangalaleni. Abafundi kufuneka bazi ukuba xa bethetha akukho siphoxo nantsini/intlekisa kwaye mabaqiniseke ukuba bafumana inkxaso epheleleyo nenkuthazo kutitshala ngalo lonke ixesha.



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Abafundi bafundisiwe ubuncinane zonke iindlela ezingundoqo zokwenza intetho esulungekileyo kweli phambi kokuba bafike kweli bakala. Fundisa abafundi oko kufuneka bekwazile kuphela. Ukufundiswa kokuthetha kufanele kudibanise ulwazi nenkqubo yemigaqo yoqhakamshelwano. Inkqubo nemigaqo yokuthetha (izitratheji) Inkqubo yokuthetha yenziwa ngala manqanaba alandelayo:

• Ukucwangcisa, ukuphanda nokulungisa • Ukuziqhelanisa • Ukwenza intetho

Ukucwangcisa, ukuphanda nokulungisa Abafundi mabakwazi ukubonakalisa izakhono zokucwangcisa, zokuphanda, nokulungisa ukulungiselela intetho yomlomo: • ngokusebenzisa irejista, isimbo, ilizwi ngokwantu abalungiselelwayo, injongo, imeko nomongo; • Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olwamkelekileyo; • Ukubonisa ulwazi olungundoqo lolwimi ngokunika iinyani nokuvelisa izimvo ngentsingiselo yentsusa, eyongezelelweyo

kunye necingelwayo; • ukuchaza nokubonisa izithethe neendlela abacinga ngazo, ulwimi olulukuhlayo / oluqhathayo, iingcinga/iingcamango

ezicalanye nezidlelelelayo, iingcinga ezibethelelekileyo ezingeyonyaniso, ulwimi olucengayo noluqweqwedisayo; kunye • • Nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nezichazi-magama neethesarasi ukukhetha awona magama afanelekileyo

nachanekielyo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza intetho besebenzisa amanqaku abhaliweyo (iinowuthsi) nezincedisi, iitekisi ezibonwayo kunye/okanye neziviwayo neegrafu ukuncedisa ekwenzeni intetho ibe nomdla yaye ichaneke.

Ukunikezela Abafundi mabakwazi ukubonakalisa izakhono zabo zokwenza intetho yomlomo ngoku-: • Thetha ngqo nababukeli/abaphulaphuli bakho; • Sebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ukuqokelela ulwazi, nokufumana uluhlu lwamanqaku okuzixhasa nokunika imizekelo

ngokwemfuno zomsebenzi; • Sebenzisa intshayelelo edlwengula umxhelo nodlwabevu lwesiphelo; ukukhulisa ingcinga nengxoxo ngendlela ecacileyo

nelandelelanayo; ugcine intetho yakho isemxholweni, ulumkela iintetho ezibheka ecaleni, uphindaphindo olungafunekiyo /olubaxekileyo, nemibuzo buciko engangeni ndawo;

• Sebenzisa izakhiwo ezifana nezi zilandelayo: ngokulandelelana kweziganeko, umba osematheni, unobangela nesiphumo, ukuthelekisa nokuchasanisa, isisombulolo sengxaki nokuqonondisisa;

• Sebenzisa imvakalozwi eyamkelekileyo; • Nikezela nokukhulisa incoko yababini ecacileyo nokukhetha ubungqina obusemgangathweni (umz. iinkcukacha-

manani, ubungqina, iimeko ezithile) kuquka into ekholelekayo, eyinyani, engqinekayo nefanelekileyo; • Sebenzisa iindlela zokuthetha nabantu (address) ezifanelekileyo okanye uphindaphindo: manene nani manenekazi;

ndifuna ukugxininisa ukuba …; • Sebenzisa amagama, izakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi eyamkelekileyo; kunye • Nokusebenzisa ubuchule obuthethwa ngomlomo nobungathethwayo (umz. Usetyenziso lwethoni/imvakalozwi,

kwelizwi, isithuba / isingqi, ukubekwa kwamazwi entetho, unamathelo lwamehlo, iintshukumo zobuso, izijekulo neentshukumo zomzimba) ngokuchanekileyo xa kusenziwa intetho.



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Iimpawu nemigaqo yeetekisi zoqhakashelwano ngomlomo Intetho elungisiweyo Yonke into edweliswe phantsi kokuNikezela iyasebenza nalapha: Intetho engalungiswanga

• Usetyenziso lwethoni, ukuhla nokwenyuka kwelizwi, isantya sokuthetha, ukunamathelisa amehlo, indlela yokuma nezijekulo

• Ukusetyenziswa kwesigama esichanekileyo nemigaqo yolwimi • ukusetyenziswa kwentshayelelo nesiphelo esichanekileyo nesigqibeleleyo

Udliwano-ndlebe

• Udliwano-ndlebe yincoko yababini elungiselelweyo phakathi kwabantu okanye amaqela ababini. • Umntu obuzwayo uphendula imibuzo anike nolwazi olulindelekileyo. • Umntu omnye usenokubuzwa imibuzo yiphaneli. • Indlela yokulubhala kukubhala umbuzo olandelwa yimpendulo. • Qala kumgca osekhohlo ubhale igama lesithethi lilandelwe yikholoni. • Njengakuzo zonke iincoko yababini kwintetho gqo awuzifaki iimpawu zocaphulo. • Usebenzisa umntu wokuqala umz. Ndi….. • Kwintshayelelo obuza imibuzo unika imvelaphi yomntu ambuzayo. • Kwisiqu obuzayo ubuza imibuzo esemxholweni emalunga nesihloko nobuzwayo uphendula okubuzwayo. Obuzayo

makabonise ulwazi oluphangaleleyo. • Imibuzo mayihlelwe ngendlela ukuze kufunyanwe ulwazi olufanelekileyo nolulindelekileyo kulowo ubuzwayo. • Imibuzo inganxibelelana nengaphambili. • Iimpendulo mazicacise ngokwaneleyo zinike izimvo neengongoma ezifanelekileyo. • Ithoni nolwimi luxhomekeke kubudlelwana phakathi kwezithethi nomba okuxoxwa ngawo. • Imibuzo neempendulo makube ngathi iyazizela. • Ijagoni yamkelekile.

• Sebenzisa izakhono zokubuza imibuzo, zokutshintsha iingqondo zabantu, ukubhala amanqaku, ukushwankathela,

nezijekulo ngokufanelekileyo • Cwangcisa uzilungiselele: qaphela injongo, ulwazi lwangaphambili, amagqabantshintshi, imibuzo, ixesha, indawo,

ukulandelelana kwemiba nobunjani bendawo (jonga iimpawu zokubhala) • Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe ezibekwe ngokwamabinzana:

o Intshayelelo (ukuzazisa; ukunika injongo) o Ukwenza umbuzwa azive ekhululekile (rappot) (ukudala umoya wokuthembana) o Imibuzo (buza uqala ngemibuzo ephangaleleyo usiya kuleyo ingqalileyo, imibuzo efanelekileyo; sebenzisa

ulwimi lwabantu abadala, olucingelayo, oluhloniphekileyo noluguqulela ingqondo luyizisa kule nto ithethwayo; phulaphulisisa; phonononga impendulo, phendula ngokwanelisayo ukubonisa ukuba uyayazi le nto uthetha ngayo)

o Isishwankathelo (bhala phantsi iimpendulo ngokubhala amanqaku; shwankathela; landelelanisa iimpendulo neenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo)

o Ukuvala (bulela umbuzwa; nika iinkcukacha zoqhakamshelwano).



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Ukwaziswa kwesithethi • Yazisa isithethi kubaphulaphuli ngokwenkcukacha eziyimfuneko njengoko kwamkelekile. Cwangcisa, lungisa uze unikezele.

• Sebenzisa ulwimi olunesidima ukwamkela nokwazisa isithethi. Ungazami ukuhlekisa. • Phanda kwisithethi ukufumana ulwazi olunxulumene naso nolwimi esifuna lusetyenziswe xa sisaziswa • Fumana kwisithethi into esifuna uyisebenzise xa isazisa ngokwecivi (CV) yaso. • Yithi gqaba gqaba ngemvelaphi yesithethi eso. • Nika ingxelo emfutshane ngobomi baso basesikolweni, amakhondo, iziqinisekiso zemfundo nenkcukacha zaso

zokusebenza. • Chaza izinto zaso esizithandayo kuphela xa imeko ifuna zona ngokwentetho esiza kuyenza. • Xela ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisifumeneyo isithethi. • Nxulumanisa oku kusazisa kwakho nomxholo wento esimenyelwe ukuba size kuthetha kuyo, umz. kutheni isithethi

simenyelwe ukuthetha kulo msitho. • Xela igama lesithethi ekugqibeleni, uqiniseke ukuba ulibiza ngendlela eyiyo. • Qiniseka ukuba uku kusazisa kwakho kufutshane: abaphulaphuli baze kuphulaphula isithethi hayi umntu owazisa

isithethi.

Ukudlulisa ilizwi lombulelo Ukudlulisa ilizwi lombulelo kwisithethi emva kokwenza intetho yaso kubaphulaphuli: • Cwangcisa, lungisa uze unikezele • Phulaphulisisa isithethi ukuze ukwazi ukufumana amagqabantshintshi entetho yaso. • Bamba/khetha amanqaku angundoqo entetho yaso, umz. sibulele isithethi ngengcinga nemiba emitsha esinityhilele

yona. • Yenza umbulelo omfutshane ongqalileyo

INgxoxo yePhaneli • Isithethi ngasinye masithethe ngomba othile wesihloko • Sebenzisa amabinzana ngokwemigaqo • Imisebenzi yomhlali-ngaphambili:

o Ukugcina ucwangco o Ukulawula ixesha o Ukulandela i-ajenda o Ukukhuthaza ukuthabatha inxaxheba o Yiba phakathi naphakathi, sukukhetha icala o Ukufuna iizindululo okanye iivoti

Incoko yababini engekhosesikweni / incoko

• Qaqala uqhube incoko • Imigaqo yokunikana amathuba xa nincokola • Ukuzixhasa kwincoko • Yenza uthethathethwano • Vala izikhewu xa nincokola nokukhuthaza lowo uncokola naye ukuba aqhubeke • Thetha ngeembono namava akho ubonise ulwazi lwemiba enincokola ngayo

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano • Isigqibo: yintetho axoxa ngayo amaqela amabini umz.. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezixhobo sesona sisombululo

esinikuzisa uxolo nokhuseleko.



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• Iimpikiswano (Rebuttals): chaza ukuba kutheni elinye iqela liphikisana nelinye. • Izithethi ezivumelana nesihloko (The affirmative speakers): zivumelana nesigqibo/neziphakamiso/isindululo. Iqela

elivumelana nesihloko lisoloko linoxanduva lokungqinelana nesihloko kwaye ingxoxo iqalwa lilo iphinde ivalwe lilo. • Izithethi ezichasene nesihloko (Negative speakers): ziphikisana nazo zonke izigqibo ngokuthi ziveze izimvo

ezichasene nesihloko bazixhase ngezabo izimvo. Imigaqo yengxoxo-mpikiswano • Isihloko nengxoxo yokuqala ichazwa sisithethi esivumelana nesihloko. • Emva kokuba isithethi esivumelana nesihloko sichazile, kuthetha isithethi sokuqala secala elichasayo. • Isithethi sesibini esivumelana nesihloko siyibeka elubala ingxoxo yeqela laso, siyicacise ngokuvokothekileyo. • Isithethi sesibini esichasene nesihloko sidandalazisa/sibeka/siveza uluvo lweqela laso. • Iqela elixhasayo neqela elichasayo anikwa imizuzu emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi (5-10) lokuya kuzilungiselela

impikiswano. Iqela ngalinye linyanzelekile ukuba liphikise ingxoxo yeqela eliphikisana nalo ukwakha kwakhona nokukhusela ingxoxo yalo.

• Iqela eliphikisayo/elichasayo lenza iingxoxo kabini ngokuchasene neengxoxo ezimbini zeqela elixhasayo, lichaze izizathu zalo ezibini.

• Iqela elixhasayo lenza iingxoxo kabini ngokuchasene neengxoxo ezimbini zeqela elixhasayo, lichaze izizathu zalo ezibini.

Ubude beetekisi emazisetyenziswe ukuPhulaphulela ukuQonda

Iitekisi Amabanga Inani lamagama

• Iitekisi zentetho yomlomo / ze-, ezibonwayo, eziviwa-zibonwa, ezemalthimidiya ezifana namanqaku emagazini, amaphephandaba, iikhathuni, izibhengezo.

• Izichazi-magama/ithesarasi • Iitekisi eziviwayo (ukuphulaphulela

ukuqonda: ikliphu edlala ubude bemizuzu emibini kumaBanga 10 nele-11 kunye nekliphu edlala imizuzu emithathu kwiBanga le-12)

• Incwadi yeenombolo zefowuni, izikhokelo namaxesha eenkqubo zeTV

• Imihlathi neetekisi zobugcisa • Iitekisi eziqulethe ulwazi nezalathiso • Iitekisi zokuzixhobisa ngolwazi • Iitekisi eziviwa-zibonwa (iifilim, iinkqubo

namaxesha eenkqubo zeTV needotyhumentari, imiboniso yezilayidi, amacwecwe, iinkqubo zerediyo, iifoto, iividiyo zamacwecwe omculo)

Ibanga 10 150 amagama





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Ubungakanani bexesha elinikwabelwa iitekisi zomlomo/ze-orali / zeNtetho yomlomo

Iitekisi Ixesha Amabanga 10 - 12

Iincoko, iingxoxo-mpikiswano, iingxoxo zezeforam / zeqela/zephaneli

20 – 30 imizuzu

Incoko yababini 6 – 8 imizuzu Izalathiso nemiyalelo 4 – 5 imizuzu Udliwano-ndlebe 10 –15 imizuzu Ukwazisa isithethi, ilizwi lombulelo 4 – 5 imizuzu Intetho elungisiweyo/ nengalungiswanga, ingxelo, irivyu 4 – 5 imizuzu Ukubalisa ibali 8 – 10 imizuzu Intlanganiso nemigaqo yayo 10 –15 imizuzu

3.2 Ukufunda nokubukela Eli candelo linika umkhomba-ndlela wenkqubo yokufunda nokubukela kunye neendlela ezinokusetyenziswa ukuqonda iitekisi zoncwadi nezingezozoncwadi. Umyalelo wokufunda uya kusekelwa kwizikrweqe ezisetyenziswayo kwinkqubo yokufunda. Lo ntumsebenzi ontlantlu ntathu obonisa indlela efanelekileyo yocazulula nokuqondisisa itekisi. La manqanaba ale nkqubo akayi kusetyenziswa ngalo lonke ixesha kufundwa. Umzekelo, xa abafundi befunda udidi lwetekisi okanye loncwadi olungaqhelekanga kubo okanye abaqala ukudibana nalo kuya kufuneka benze umsebenzi waphambi kokufunda obabonisa iimpawu eziphambili zolu hlobo lwetekisi, loo nto ibancedisa ekunxulumaniseni oko kubhaliweyo kwitekisi namava abo. Imisebenzi engokufunda ixhobisa abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukuhlalutya isakhiwo sayo kunye neempawu zolwimi ngokunzulileyo. Umsebenzi owenziwa emva kokufunda usenokhuthaza abafundi ukuba babhale ngokwabo udidi loncwadi ngetekisi ebhaliweyo abaziyilele ngokwabo. Inkqubo yokufunda 1. Amalungiselelo enziwayo omsebenzi wokufunda (Phambi kokufunda / amalungiselelo okufunda) aqhelisa

abafundi itekisi. Oku kuvuselela unxulumaniso lolwazi abasele benalo nolo lukwitekisi. • Ukufunda ngokukrwaqula nokubalekisa amehlo (ukuskima nokuskena) iimpawu zetekisi, umz: isihloko setekisi,

izahluko, izahlukwana, iinkcukacha zezinto ezibonakalayo nemizobo, umz. ifonti nokudwelisa ngamanani, isalathiso, imizobo, itshathi, ingcaciso yemifanekiso, imibhalo ebhalwe ngqindilili, imibhalo ekekeleyo, izihloko, izihlokwana, nezinye iimpawu ezifumaneka kwetekisi ngokwahlukana, ukudwelisa ngamanani, iimephu, iimenyu ezivela zisehla wakuzicofa ekhompyutheni (pull down menus), ukukhangela ngegama elingundoqo (ekhompyutheni) njalo njalo.

• Ukukrwaqula nokubalekisa amehlo ukhangela iindawo ezithile zencwadi, umz. isihloko, isalathiso, izahluko uluhlu lwamagama, i-indeksi, isihlomelo, iingcaciso eba sekupheleni kwephepha (footnotes)

• Ukuqikelela usebenzisa iinkcukacha ozifumene ngethuba ubalekisa amehlo kwitekisi • Ukujongana naso nasiphi isigama esingundoqo esinokuba sesingaqhelekanga kubafundi

2. Okwenziwayo xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokufunda (Ukufunda) kuquka ukufuna intsingiselo yetekisi nokuqwalasela

iimpawu zayo. • Ukubandakanyeka ekukhangeleni intsingiselo yetekisi • Ukukhangela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso usebenzisa izakhono zokukhangela amagama

ngokomxholo • Ukusebenzisa indlela zokufundela ukuqonda (comprehension strategies): ukujonga ukunxulumana kwetekisi,

ukuhlola ukuba iyaqondwa na, ukukhulisa isantya sokufunda ngokobunzima beetekisi, ukufunda kwakhona apho



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kuyimfuneko, ukufunda okulandelayo kwitekisi ukhangela iinkcukacha ezinokuba luncedo, ukubuza nokuphendula imibuzo (ukusuka kweyona ilula ukuya kwenzinyana), ukuzenzela umfanekiso-ngqondweni, ukuqikelela ngokolwazi lwakho (inferring), ukufundela ukuva izimvo ezingundoqo, ukujonga ukuchongwa kwamagama nezakhiwo zolwimi, ukuxela uhlobo lwetekisi ngokokuma kwayo kwaneempawu zolwimi

• Ukubhala phantsi amanqaku (iinowuthsi) okanye ukushwankathela izimvo eziphambili nezixhasayo • Ukuqikelela ngokolwazi lwakho nokucacisa / ukuphonononga indlela azoba ngayo iimeko zakhe umbhali kwakunye

nokubeka izigqibo malunga netekisi • Ukubeka ezakho izigqibo / izimvo malunga netekisi • Ukuphonononga, ukuthelekisa nokuchasanisa, ukucazulula • Ulwazi olungundoqo lolwimi: o Intsingiselo ngqo nebekwe ngokumayana (direct and implied meaning) o Intsingiselo eyiyo necingelwayo (denotation and connotation) o Ulwazi oluthile lwezentlalo nopolitiko kunye nezenkcubeko olumalunga neetekisi kunye nombhali o Ifuthe lokukhethwa nokushiywa kokuthile kwintsingiselo o Unxulumano phakathi kolwimi namagunya o Ulwimi olurhwebeshayo nolusekelwe kwiimvakalelo (emotive and manipulative), olunomkhethe, olubonisa

ukuthanda icala elithile, olunocalu-calulo, olusekelwe kwizimvo ezingeyonyani kodwa ezixhaphakileyo, iilwimi zengingqi, iingqikelelo, iingxoxo, injongo yokufaka okanye ukungafaki ulwazi oluthile

3. Okwenziwayo emva komsebenzi wokufunda (Emva kokufunda) kuxhobisa abafundi bakwazi ukuphengulula

baphendule iitekisi ngokupheleleyo. • Ukuphendula imibuzo emalunga netekisi ukususela kwimibuzo elula ukuya kwenzima • • Ukuthelekisa nokuchasanisa; ukucazulula itekisi • Ukuphonononga, ukwenza isigqibo sakho malunga netekisi nokudandalazisa uluvo lwakho • Ukubhala olo didi loncwadi xa bebhala ezabo iitekisi (apho kufanelekileyo)

Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo

Abafundi abaninzi bafumana ulwazi ngokuphanda kwi-intanethi endaweni yencwadi. Ilitheresi yokubonwayo yinkalo ebalulekileyo yesifundo, yaye ikhompyutha ngumthombo otyebileyo wolwazi. Qwalasela indlela ebaluleke ngayo indlela ekubhalwa ngayo (olumi ngayo ulwazi) kwiiwebhusayithi ezithandwayo; indlela abafaki bezibhengezo abatsaleka umdla ngayo; indlela ukuhamba-hamba nombala ezidlala ngayo indima ephambili ekukulukuhleleni ukuba uye kwezinye iiwebhusayithi. Izakhono zokucenga: ulwimi oluchukumisayo, olucengayo, olutsalela bucala/oluthambekele bucala/oluluqhathayo • Indlela ulwimi nemifanekiso oluveza luthundeze ngayo izithethe neendlela zokucinga, imifanekiso nolwimi

olunocalu-calulo ngokwesini, ngokobuhlanga, ngokobudala okanye oluxhomekeke ekuhlutshezweni ziingcinga ezingeyonyani kodwa esele zibethelelekile ezingqondweni (stereotypes) ngakumbi kwizibhengezo

• Ifuthe lokusetyenziswa kweendidi zeefonti neesayizi, izihloko nengcaciso yemifanekiso. • Ukuhlalutya, ukufumana intsingiselo nokuphendla uluhlu lweekhathuni/ izicwili ezihlekisayo.

Uphuhliswa kwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Ulwazi ngamagama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi lufanele ukwaziswa kubafundi ngendlela asetyenziswe ngayo kwitekisi leyo kubhalo gabalala nakwizibongo, amabali aqanjiweyo namabali ayinyani. Umz. xa usebenzisa izafobe kubalulekile ukuba kuxoxwe ngazo kunokuthetha nje ukuze bacacelwe abafundi ukuba kutheni kusetyenziswe sona kunokusichonga nje (mabawazi umsebenzi waso). Kubalulekile ukubuza imibuzo enje ngale: Kutheni umbhali esebenzise olu hlobo lokuphetha nje? Okanye kutheni ephetha ngolu hlobo, kunokubuza ukuba, Sisafobe sini esi asesebenzisileyo? Buza umsebenzi waso. Ugxininiso malube kwezi zinto zilandelayo: • Ulwimi olunongiweyo nezixhobo zokulunonga: izaci, amaqhalo, izafobe, (isifaniso, isikwekwo, isimntwiso, ioksimoroni,

uchasaniso, izifanadumo, ubabazo, oontsingiselo-ninzi, isigqebelo, impoxo, uburharha, imiqondiso, isihlonipho, ipharadoksi, ukudlala ngamagama, iintetho ezibeka ngamazwi angephi, isinekdokhi, iantithesisi) Nangona kubalulekile



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ukuba zaziwe ezi zafobe, kufuneka abafundi bazifundiswe ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswe ngayo njengoko zisetyenziswe kwiitekisi zenyani, kwiprozi nakwisihobe, kuncwadi oluqanjiweyo noluyinyani.

• Umahluko phakathi kwentsingiselo ecacileyo nefihlakeleyo • Ukusetyenziswa kwezichazi-magama, iithesarasi nezinye iincwadi ukufumana intsingiselo, upelo, iziphumlisi, izakhi

nezitye izigaba zentetho namagama angaqhelekanga. • Ukufumana intsingiselo yezimaphambili nezimamva eziqhelekileyo (umz,isihlalo, abalimi, okanye umlambokazi,

injana) • Ukufumana intsingiselo yamagama azalanayo usebenzisa iingcambu, izimaphambili nezimamva • Ukusetyenziswa kwemeko-bume yomxholo (umz. iingcaciso zezivakalisi ngokokusetyenziswa kwazo), iziphawuli-

ntetho (cues) (iziphumlisi, iimpawu zocaphulo) neziphawuli-ntetho ngokokubhalwa (umz. ukubhalwa ngqindilili) ukufumana intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga.

• Ukwahlula phakathi kwamagama antsingiselo-ninzi (oontsingiselo-ninzi) kwitekisi ezilula malunga nesihloko. • Ukuqhaphela intetho enentsingiselo erheshayo nenosingiselo. • Ukubonakalisa ulwazi malunga namabinzana, izaci namaqhalo. • Ukuqwalasela indlela asetyenziswa ngayo amagama aneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo kwitekisi. • Ukwahlula phakathi kwamagama abhidaniseka lula afana noomabizwafane, omabizwahluke,

izifanokuth/izithethantonyei, izichasi. • Ukubalisa ibali okanye isivakalisi ngokutsha usebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo (izithethantonye okanye izichasi) • Ukusebenzisa igama elinye endaweni yebinzana • Ukusebenzisa izivumelanisi

Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nokulungisa iitekisi Uninzi lwezi zinto zidweliswe apha ngasentla sezifundiwe kwezinye izahluko. Ukufundisa izakhiwo zolwimi kusebenza ngcono kwisifundo esibhalwayo xa abafundi benikwe ithuba lokuzibhalela nokuzisebenzisa babone amandla azo ngokucacileyo kunokuba bazikhethe kwitekisi ebhalwe ngomnye umntu. • Ukuchonga, ukuhlalutya, ukucacisa intsingiselo nomsebenzi wezakhiwo zolwimi nemigaqo kwitekisi:

o Izihlanganisi: Okokuqala; kwelinye icala …; okokuqala; kuba o Izifinyezo nezifinyezo-nobumba (iiakronimi) o Iintlobo zezenzi, amaxesha neemo zezenzi zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo o Izivakalisi ezilula, ezide, ezinzima, ezimbaxa kusetyenziswa amagatya amabinzana nezihlanganisi o Isixando sokwenziwa o Intetho ngqo nengxelo-ntetho o Ukulandelelana kakuhle kwamagama o Izivumelanisi, inqaku, izikhankanyi, intsiza-senzi o Uphawulo-ntetho, umz. iziphumlisi

• Ukuchonga uhlalutye isakhiwo / ubume beetekisi ezisetyenziswa kwiKharityhulam jikelele na kumagama aguqu-

guqukayo / amagama abonisa okuthile: ulandelelwano, ingcaciso, isenzo nesiphumo, inkqubo elandelwayo, ukuthelekisa/ukuchasanisa, ukulandelelana ngokokubaluleka, isithuba phakathi kwezinto, umhlathi okhethiweyo, umhlathi ohlelwayo, umhlathi ocacisayo, umhlathi ophononongayo, umhlathi ochazayo, iitekisi ezinika izimvo ngemiba ethile, iingxelo, imihlathi yokuvala (jonga phantsi kofundiso nobhalo lwemihlathi)

Iimpawu zetekisi yoncwadi Kulapho ababhali baveza khona izimvo zabo. Ababhali abafanelekileyo abalusingeli phantsi ulwimi olumayana neelwimi zengingqi zesiXhosa. Noxa kubalulekile ukwazi nokusebenzisa iimpawu zoncwadi xa ufunda, kodwa okumandla nokubaluluke kakhulu kukwazi umsebenzi wazo nomyalezo odluliswa ngumbhali kubafundi. Isihobe Mibini imibuzo afanele azibuze yona umfundi xa efunda isihobe: Kuthethwa ngantoni? Ndazi kanjani? Umbuzo wesibini wongeza kulo wokuqala, owokuqala ukuxhobisa ngokuza kuvezwa ngowesibini. Bonke ababhali boncwadi babhala kuba benento yokuthetha - into enomtsalane nebalulekileyo kwelo qela labantu balibhalelayo. Sifunda itekisi ukuxhasa, ukucacisa, ukutyhila oko umbhali akuthethayo kuthi. Lo msebenzi uquka ukujonga ukusetyenziswa kolwimi, ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi,



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iivesi nemibongo ngokubanzi, ukukhethwa kwemifanekiso, isingqisho, isandi; seemvakalelo ezivuselelwa yiloo mifanekiso-ngqondweni. Konke oku ziinzame zokufikelela kwisigqibo esibalulekileyo esibonisa ukuba imbongi ifuna ukuthini. Kunqabile ukuba kubekho isigqibo ekufundweni lombongo osemgangathweni. Ezi zinto zidweliswe apha ngezantsi ziza kukwenza uwazi umyalezo: • Intsingiselo ecacileyo • Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo • Imo • Umongo nemfundiso • Umfanekiso ngqondweni • Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sesihobe: izafobe, imifanekiso-ntelekelelo, uchongo lwamagama, uhlalutyo, ithowuni, imibuzo-

buciko, iimvakalelo. • Isakhiwo sangaphandle sesihobe: imiqolo, isigama, izitanza, isingqisho, iimpawu zokubhala, uphindaphindo,

imfanozandi. IDrama Idrama ayingomagama nolwimi nje kuphela: yintshukumo, ilizwi, ukukhanya nobumnyama, intsebenziswano, ukwenziwa komdlalo eqongeni. Indlela oqhubeka ngayo umdlalo ibalulekile, indlela abadlali abadlala ngayo, benza ntoni? Abathethi nini? inkangeleko yobuso iyitshintsha njani intsingiselo yomqolo? – konke oku kuyalahleka xa umdlalo uwufunda njengenoveli. Noxa kunjalo akulunganga ukubonisa ividiyo yomdlalo ungekayifundisi/abafundi bengakayifundi ngokupheleleyo, bayixoxe ze bayidlale eklasini. Ngaphandle koko ividiyo ingawona umdlalo, kuncinci okuthi kumoshe indlela eqondwa ngayo intsingiselo. Ukubona kudlala indima eenkulu ekufundweni komdlalo. Ukuba nombono wokuba abadlali banjani, imiqolo mingaphi, isithethi sithetha into eyiyo na, zezona zinto zidlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni ngedrama eklasini. Isakhiwo nezakhiwana, iindima yabalinganiswa, ukubunjwa kwabo, isimo sentlalo nengabula–zigcawu (kuphela apho iya kuba yimfuneko ukuze uqondwe umdlalo), isantya, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso, isigqebelo, izalathiso zaseqongeni, isihlekiso, intlekele okanye impoxo, zonke izithako zohlalutyo zibalulekile ukuba zifundwe xa kuhlalutywa idrama. Oku kulandelayo kukhulisa ulwazi lwabafundi malunga netekisi:

• Isakhiwo nesakhiwana, intshayelelo, ukukhula kwempixano, uvuthondaba, uyondelelowano lwezinto /

ukusombuluka kwezinto nesiphelo, uphuphelo (foreshadowing) nokukhumbuza ngesiganeko ebesikhe sadlula (flashback)

• Ukuzotywa kwabalinganiswa • Indima yombalisi/unobalisa/uluvo lwakhe • Umongo nemfundiso • Imvelaphi nesimo sentlalo – ngokunxulumene nomlinganiswa nomxholo • Isakhiwo sedrama: Isakhiwo, isakhiwana (Intshayelelo / ingabula-zigcawu, ukukhula kwempixano, uvuthondaba) • Imo nethowuni / imvakalozwi • Isigqebelo / isiphelo esisisothuso (ironic twist/ending) • Izalathiso zaseqongeni • Unxulumano phakathi kwencoko yababini / incoko yoyedwa kunye nesiganeko

• Isigqebelo sedrama (dramatic irony) • Ixesha.

INoveli / / Uncwadi lwemveli: Iintsomi, amabali angamaqhawe, iimbali /Amabali amafutshane (afundiselwa ukwandisa ulwazi hayi ukuhlolwa) IiNoveli nezinye iintlobo zobubalisa amabali zifuna ukufundwa, ukuxoxwa nokonwatyelwa. Ukufunda itekisi ngokukhwaza eklasini kunexabiso elikhulu ngakumbi xa abafundi bengakuthandi okanye besonqena ukufunda. Funda ngokukhawuleza ugcine umdla ngokulinganisa okanye ngokuthelekelela, ukujongisisa nokuxabisa. Imisebenzi elula efana nesishwankathelo esiqikelelwayo (ukushwankathela ibali ngokwale ndawo sele ifundiwe, ushwankathelela umhlobo ngamagama alinani eithile;



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ukugcina umzobo obonwayo apho eklasini; ukuvula ifayile yabalinganiswa abaphambili) ibenza abafundi baliqonde ngokukhawuleza ibali. Emva kokuyifunda okokuqala incwadi, abafundi kufuneka bazi umahluko phakathi kokubalisa (kwenzekani emva koku?) nesakhiwo (kutheni kwenzeke oku?); ukuze bacinge ngeentsingiselo ezilindelekileyo nokuhlalutywa kwebali; bajonge indlela umbhali alusebenzise ngayo ulwimi ukuzoba abalinganiswa (ingcaciso nentetho-ngqo): indima yabalinganiswa, isimo sentlalo, ukujonga imbono esekwe phezu kwayo inoveli umz. ngokwezenkolo, ezopolitiko, ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho. Oku kubalulekile xa kufundiswa inoveli, okanye ibali; abafundi mabalonwabele ukuze lihlale lihleli ezingqondweni zabo. Oku kulandelayo kukhulisa ulwazi lwabafundi malunga ngetekisi:

• Isakhiwo nesakhiwana (intshayelelo, ukukhula kwempixano, uvuthondaba, nesiphelo, uphuphelelo, ukubonisa into

eyenzeka ngaphambili komboniso-bhanyabhanya (flashback) • Impixano • Ukuzotywa kwabalinganiswa • Indima yombalisi / kanobalisa • Ukucacisa nokuhlalutya imiyalezo nemixholo • Imvelaphi nesimo sentlalo ngokunxulumene nomlinganiswa nomxholo • Ukuqaphela umxholo / umongo nemfundiso • Ukuhlalutya, imo, isigqibelo/isiphelo

Ukongeza kwezi zinto uzinikwe apha ngentla, ezi zinto zilandelayo zikwangena ngokukodwa kuncwadi lwemveli

• Isihobe (izibongo zomthonyama, iindidi zeengoma, iziduko) • Nezinye (ezifana namaqhalo, izaci namaqhina)

Ufundo lwefilim (abafundi bayifundisela ukwandisa ulwazi hayi ukuhlolwa) Ufundo lwefilim aluyonto inye nokufunda incwadi. Naxa ukufundwa kwayo kunokuthatha indlela enye nokufundwa kweDrama okanye iNoveli, ubuchule bomatshini wokubonisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya (cinematographic techniques) ezidweliswe apha ngaphantsi zifuna uqwalaselo olulodwa. Ukufunda iFilim ngovakalelo nangokuchanekileyo kuxhomekeke ekubeni lowo uyiphononongayo uqaphele kangakanani na xa esebenzisa zonke izakhono zefilim (ezifana nezi ukuhlela, ukufota (cutting, camera shots), indibaniso yeminye imifanekiso ukwenza umfanekiso omtsha (montage), umboniso (mis-en-scene) umculo, isinxibo, ukukhanya kunye nesandi). Ukukwazi ukufunda ifilim kwesi isigaba kukhulisa lowo uyibukelayo: kumthatha lowo kumbeke kumgangatho ongasentla ofana nokwazi imisebenzi ethile yabo bathatha inxaxheba abafana nabaphathi (director), umhleli nabanye.

• Incoko yababini kunye nesenzo nonxulumano kubalinganiswa nomxholo, ukufunda nokubhala icwecwe lefilim • Isakhiwo, isakhiwana, inxaxheba yabalinganiswa/abadlali, ungquzulwana, injongo yomdlalo, isakhiwana somdlalo

kuquka isigqebelo, isothuso nesiphelo; imimangaliso nomothuko ukuba zenzeka njani. • Ubuchule bomatshini wokubonisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya (cinematographic techniques) (ezibonwayo,

eziviwayo neziviwa-zibonwa) ezifana nokusetyenziswa kombala, izihlokwana, ukwakha, incoko yababini, umculo, isandi, ukukhanya, ukuhlela, ukubeka ngokweefreyim, indlela yokufota, ubuchule bekhamera, ukuhambisa ikhamera, indawo ekufuphi kumbukeli kunye nendawo engasemva kumbukeli.



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IITEKISI EZISETYENZISWAYO EKUFUNDISENI IZAKHONO EZIDITYANISIWEYO ZOLWIMI KUMABANGA 10 -12 Ukongeza kwiitekisi zoncwadi zokufunda okusesikweni, iindidi zoncwadi eziya kufundwa ukususela kwibanga 10 – 12 ziquka iitekisi ezibhaliweyo, ezibonwayo nezemalthimidiya ezineenjongo ngeenjongo. Ezinye iitekisi ziya kufundelwa umgangatho wokonwabeleka kwazo; ezinye iitekisi zifundwe njengemizekelo yeendidi zoncwadi nangezibonelo zokubhala. Iitekisi zoncwadi zokufunda okusesikweni. Uluhlu ekufuneka lufundwe kwibanga le-10 - 12. Iindidi zoncwadi ezinokusetyenziswa EZIMBINI kwezi ndidi zoncwadi zinokusetyenziswa njengoko zikwiKhathalokhi yoNcwadi kaZwelonke: iNoveli Idrama Isihobe IBanga 10 – imibongo eli-10 IBbanga11 – imibongo eli-10 IBanga 12 – imibongo eli-12 Ukutyebisa ulwazi (Enrichment) Amabali amafutshane Izifundo zeefilim Uchunge-chunge lomdlalo weTV/ idotyhumentari ekhethiweyo Amabali erediyo Izincoko Iibhayografi (imbali ngobomi bomntu) Iiothobhayografi (bali ngobomi bakho olibhale ngokwakho) Iintsomi IiMbali namabali nawobuqhawe (Myths and legends) Oqashi-qashi / ooRayirayi(Riddles) Iitekisi ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, itekisi zemalthimidiya Iifilim, umabonakude, idrama zikanomathotholo, inqaku lemagazini,iphephandaba, iikhathuni, izibhengezo.

Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo zolwazi (zereferensi) Izichazi-magama Iiensayiklophidiya Iishedyuli Iincwadi zeenkcukacha zefowuni Iincwadi zegrama ezimiselweyo (textbooks) Iithesarasi Iithayimtheyibhile Izikhokelo zeTV Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo kumajelo eendaba Amanqaku eemagazini Amanqaku amaphephandaba Ilizwi lomhleli Izaziso Iiobhitshwari Uphononongo (lwamajelo eendaba) Iintengiso Iintlobo ezibhaliweyo zeetekisi eziviwayo Intetho yababini Intetho yasidlangalaleni Iingoma Iziqhulo (jokes) Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo zonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu nezokudluliswa kwemiyalezo Iileta Iidayari Izimemo Ii-imeyile Ii-sms, twitter Iinowuthsi Iingxelo Iitekisi ezibhaliweyo zonxibelelwano kushishino Iileta ezisesikweni Imizuzu neajenda Umculo Amaculo Iintetho Ukubalisa amabali

Iitekisi zemaltimidiya / ezibonwayo zolwazi Iitshati, iimephu Iigrafu, iitheyibhile, iiphayi-tshathi, Izazobe zokucinga (mindmaps), Imizobo Iipowusta, Iiflaya, iiphamflethi, iibrowutsha Izinto ezixhonywayo (signs) neesimboli Iidotyhumentari zeTV Iiwebhupheyiji, iisayithi zeintanethi, iiblogu iiFacebook nezinye iinethiwekhi zokudibana kwabantu Ukuboniswa kolwazi ngomatshini iiTransparensi Iitekisi zemaltimidiya / ezibonwayo zenjongo yokonwabela ukubukela Iifilim Iifoto Imizobo Itekisi zemaltimidiya / ezibonwayo ezibukelelwa ukuzonwabisa Iifilim Iinkqubo zeTV Iividiyo zomculo Iikhathuni, abalinganiswa beekhathuni Izicwili zeekhathuni (comic strips) Iziqhulo (ezinemizobo) Igrafiti (imizobo ekroliweyo) Iitekisi eziviwayo Iinkqubo zereyidiyo Ukufundwa kweedrama Ukufundwa kweenoveli okanye amabali amafutshane Iintetho ezishicilelweyo (recorded speeches) Iintengiso kwireyidiyo, iTV, amaphephandaba neemagazini



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Ubude beetekisi ezibhalwayo ezinokusetyenziswa/ezinokufundwa Inani lamagama Isicatshulwa IBanga 10

380-440 amagama

IBanga11

440-500 amagama

IBanga12

500-560 amagama

Ubude besishwankathelo

Ubude besishwankathelo

Ushwankathelo

IBanga 10

70 – 80 amagama 220 amagama 60 – 70 amagama

IBanga11

80 – 90 amagama 250 amagama 70 –80 amagama

IBanga12

80 - 90 amagama 270 amagama 70 - 80 amagama

3.3 UKUBHALA NOKUNIKEZELA: INKQUBO YENDLELA YOKUBHALA, UMXHOLO, IINDLELA ZOKUCWANGCISA NOKUBHALWAYO Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala

• Ukucwangcisa / amalungiselelo okubhala • Ukudrafta • Ukuhlaziya • Ukuhlela • Ukulungisa iziphene • Ukunikezela

Xa ebhala umfundi makenze oku kulandelayo: Ukucwangcisa / amalungiselelo okubhala

• Umfundi makagqale injongo yakubhalelayo nabantu abhalela bona. • Makaqaphele imo, indlela yokubhalwa koko kubhaliweyo noluvo loko abhala ngako. • Xoxa ngezimvo usebenzisa, umzekelo, isazobe sokucinga (mind map), iiflowu-tshathi. • Phanda ngoko uza kubhala ngako usebenzisa imithombo yolwazi.

Ukudrafta

• Sebenzisa izimvo ezingundoqo nezixhasayo ngokukuko xa ucwangcisa. • Yenza idrafti yokuqala uthathele ingqalelo injongo, abafundi bayo, isihloko nenohlobo loncwadi; • Funda iidrafti ngokuvakalayo ukufumana uluvo lwabanye (oogxa bakho); • Chonga isigama esisiso nesichanekileyo. • Ulwimi olusebenzisayo nethoni yalo mayihambelana ncakasana nabafundi obabhalelayo nenjongo yayo. • Vakalisa uluvo lwakho gqibi, izithethe, iinkolelo namava akho. • Bhala iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zetekisi leyo (sebenzisa ucaphulo ukuxhasa izimvo zakho).

Ukuhlaziya, ukuhlela, ukulungisa iziphene nokunikezela ngokubhaliweyo

• Sebenzisa imilinganiselo emiselweyo ukuphendla umsebenzi wakho nowabanye usenzela ukuwuphucula. • Phucula uchongo lwesigama, isakhiwo sesivakalisi nemihlathi. • Nciphisa ubumbaxa, ukusebenzisa uphindaphindo, ulwimi olungasulungekanga nolungamkelekanga. • Phonononga umxholo, isimbo sokubhala nerejista. • Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala uze upele ngokuchanekileyo.



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• Bhala idrafti yokugqibela. • Ngenisa itekisi oyibhalileyo.

Izakhiwo zolwimi nemigaqo esetyenziswayo xa kwinkqubo yokubhala Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo

• Sebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezenzi, izichazi nezihlomelo ukunika ingcaciso neenkcukacha ezivakalayo xa ubhala izincoko ezichazayo nezibalisayo.

• Sebenzisa ulwimi olusesikweni nolungekho sikweni ngokufanelekileyo. • Nika iinkcukacha ezizizo uze uvakalise nezimvo zakho. • Vakalisa intsingiselo ecace gca nefihlakeleyo ngokomxholo. • Sebenzisa ulwimi oluvakalayo, oluchubekileyo nolululo. • Sebenzisa imithombo yolwazi emininzi njengezichazi-magama neethesarasi ukuchonga isigama esisiso

nesivakalayo. Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo

• Bhala iindidi zezivakalisi ezahlukene ngokobude. • Sebenzisa izigaba zentetho ngokukuko. • Sebenzisa intloko, isenzi, injongosenzi, iindidi zamaxesha, iimo zezenzi, izilanduli, intetho-ngqo njalo njalo. • Sebenzisa imibuzo. • Sebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezivakalisi umz, isivakalisi esixelayo, umbuzo, izivakalisi ezilula, ezinzima

nezidityaniswe ngezihlanganisi. • Sebenzisa izibandakanyi, izimelabizo, izihlomelo ukudibanisa izivakalisi zakho ngokukuko. • Sebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezibizo ukugxininisa. • Cwangcisa uze ulandelelanise amagama kwizivakalisi ngokukuko. • Sebenzisa izivumelanisi ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko

• Bhala ngokwamalungu ohlukeneyo omhlathi: isihloko somhlathi, iingongoma ezingundoqo nezixhasayo, intshayelelo eyiyo, isiqu nesiphelo nesivakalisi sokuvala.

• Ukuqinisekisa ngokundindana komhlathi, bBhala imihlathi eyahlukeneyo neetekisi usebenzisa amagama namabinzana: o Ukulandelelana kweziganeko: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu, phambi, emva, nini, de,

okulandelayo, emva koko, kutshanje. o Ingcaciso / unobangela nefuthe: ngoko ke, ngenxa yesi sizathu, emva koko, ukusukela, ngenxa,

kungenxa, kulandela, ukuba kuthe … kuya kuthi…. o Umgaqo olandelwayo: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu. o Ukuthelekisa / ukuchasanisa: iyafana, yahlukile, incinci kunye, inkulu kunye, nangona, kodwa o Ngokokubaluleka: rhoqo, ekugqibeleni. o Ucwangciswa ngokobume bendawo: ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi, ngasekhohlo, ngasekunene, njalo njalo. o Ukubhala ngokuthe gabalala: ngeliphandle, elokugqiba; kunye o Nomhlathi wokuvala: ushwankathelo lokubhaliweyo. Umhlathi wokuvala kufuneka uxhwile umdla

womfundi ngembono ethile okanye ingcinga ethile eza kuhlala kuye ixesha elide nokuba sele egqibile ukufunda isincoko. Akufane kwenzeke oko kushwankathelo kwaye kulula ukuba lulibaleke.

Irejista esetyenziswayo, isimbo sokubhala nelizwi lombhali

• Sebenzisa irejista echanekileyo: esisesikweni, esingekho sikweni, umz. ukusebenzisa isimbo sencoko / esingekho sikweni nomntu wokuqala kwileta yobuhlobo, ulwimi olusesikweni kwileta yaseburhulumenteni.

• Thetha ngqo nomfundi ngendlela eyodwa nefanelekileyo. • Bhala ngokukholelekayo nangokuzithemba; musa ukuxolisa ngoluvo lwakho oluthile. • Sebenzisa izimvo / iimbono ezahlukeneyo xa kukho imfuneko.



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Imigaqo yolwimi (upelo neempawu zokubhala): • Sebenzisa oonobumba abakhulu, iikoma, iimpawu zocaphulo, iikholoni, ukrwelelo lwamagama, ubhalo

ngokukekelo, iqhagamshela, njalo njalo. • Pela amagama ngokukuko nangokuchanekileyo:

o Ulwazi ngokuma kwamagama nemvelaphi yawo. o Ulwazi ngeengcambu, izimaphambili nezimamva. o Ulwazi ngezandi zamagama.

• Sebenzisa izichazi-magama nezixhobo zokungqinisisa upelo. • Sebenzisa iimo zofinyezo noshuqulelo loonobumba ngokufanelekileyo.

Iimpawu zeetekisi / iintlobo zeencwadi: ukuma kwazo neempawu zolwimi Eli candela licacisa uluhlu lweentlobo zeetekisi / iindidi zoncwadi ekufuneka abafundi bazifundiswe kwiBanga 10 – 12. Isincoko esibalisayo Isincoko esibalisayo luthotho lweziganeko ezicwangciswe ngokuvakalayo. Nazi iimpawu zesincoko esibalisayo:

• Bhala ngebali / ngesiganeko esenzekileyo / isiganeko esiqwetyiweyo. • Bhala ibali elidlwengula umxhelo nelikholelekayo. • Kumaxesha amaninzi kusetyenziswa ixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa ababhali abaninzi basebenzisa ixesha langoku

ukutsala umdla nokungqala kwebali. • Umhlathi wokuqala oyintshayelelo mawubhalwe ngokudlwengula umxhelo. • Qinisekisa ukuba isiphelo sesanelisayo okanye asibhidaniswa yaye singaqikeleleki. • Sebenzisa intetho-ngqo xa ufuna umlinganiswa abe ngathi ngophilayo kumfundi, ingxelo-ntetho ayikukhuthazi

oko. • Igama ngalinye olisebenzisayo lisebenzise ngenjongo ukwenzela ukuba isincoko sakho siyondelelane. Kulinge

oku ngokubhala ibali elifutshane elinamagama angamashumi amahlanu.

Isincoko esichazayo Ukuchaza into ngokuvakalayo ngundoqo. Oku kufuna ukuba usebenzise ulwimi olulula noluvakalayo. Musa ukubakhuthaza abafundi ukuba basebenzise izichazi ngokubaxekileyo xa bebhala olu didi lwesincoko. Baqhelanise abafundi nokubhala isincoko esichazayo ngokubafundisa izicatshulwa ezichazayo ezibhalwe ngababhali besiXhosa abaphume izandla: Uninzi lwabo aluxhomekekanga ekusebenziseni izichazi ukwenza oku kungempumelelo. Qhelanisa abafundi bakho ngokubhala olu didi lwesincoko besusela kwizicatshulwa ezo bazinikiweyo. Kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokuvokothekileyo: Ukuchaza izinto ezilula ngokucacileyo, umzekelo, inkomo, indlu. Okanye ukuchaza abantu abasemifanekisweni okanye kwiifoto ezikhoyo. Inkcazelo isetyenziswa kakhulu ukudala isimo esithile sentlalo nobume: iifilim ziya kwenza oku, ababhali bakwenza oku ngamagama, kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuchongo lwesigama ngokukuko nangokuchanekileyo.

Nazi ezinye iingcebiso malunga nokubhalwa kwesincoko esichazayo:

• Chaza umntu / into ukwenzela ukutsala umdla nokudlwengula umxhelo womfundi ngesihloko. • Sebenzisa amagama ukudala umfanekiso. • Chonga amagama ngobunono ukufezekisa isiphumo sokubhalayo. • Sebenzisa imifanekiso yokubonwayo, okuvakalayo, okungcamlwayo nokuphathwayo. • Sebenzisa izigaba zentetho ngokukuko.

Izincoko ezixoxayo, ezivelela amacala omabini nezicamngcayo Isincoko esixoxayo singamacala amabini aphikisanayo (‘kutheni ndikholelwa ukuba oomama banamandla ngaphezu kootata’); esivelela amacala amabini sona sixoxa ngamacala omabini akhabanayo ngokulinganayo kodwa umbhali uye aludandalazise olwakhe uluvo ekugqibeleni. Isincoko esicamngcayo sisekelwe kuthotho lweengcingane neembono anazo umbhali malunga nesihloko esithile (umama wale mihla), akukho cala lixoxelwayo kula macala mabini.

• Isincoko esixoxayo sidla ngokutyekela kwicala elinye; kubakho ukuxhaswa okanye ukuchaswa koluvo



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oluthile olukhabana nolinye kwaye uluvo ngalunye luxoxelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali uphetha ethathe icala elithile apho adandalazisa khona icala awela ngakulo nesizathu sokuba enze oko.

• Isincoko esimacala mabini sithanda ukulungelelaniswa kwaye kuvelelwa zonke iinkalo xa kuxoxwa ngomba othile; isakhiwo saso sicwangciswa ngobunono sicaciswe; injongo yoko kukuba umbhali angathathi cala lithile nangona enokuvakalisa olwakhe uluvo; kunokusetyenziswa ulwimi oluchukumisayo, iingxoxo ezinkqenkqeza phambili apha zezo zixoxelwe ngokuvokothekileyo nangokuvakalayo. Isiphelo esisulungekileyo simshiya umfundi engenantandabuzo ngoluvo lombhali.

• Isincoko esicamngcayo simalunga nezimvo, iimbono, iingcinga neemvakalelo zombhali malunga nesihloko esithile, idla ngokuba sisihloko avakalelwayo ngaso. Umbhali uvakalisa uluvo lwakhe. Kufuneka sibe nesakhiwo esibunjwe ngobunono nangona kungekho mfuneko yokuba isiphelo sibe sesicacisiweyo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba incoko yababini ilungelelaniswe nangona inokuba yelungelelanisiweyo. Singasesinika umdla okanye esinobunzinginzingi.

Isincoko soncwadi Kwisincoko soncwadi umfundi uphendula itekisi ephuma kuncwadi olumiselweyo ekwenza oko ngendlela ebonisa ukufumana intsingiselo, ehlalutyayo, ephononongayo, ecamngcayo ngamanye amaxesha avakalise olwakhe uluvo. Iingxoxo ezenziwayo nezixhaswayo zisekwe kwitekisi yoncwadi; ulwimi lwetekisi yoncwadi nalo luyajongwa luze luboniswe ngendlela ebonisa intsulungeko yolwimi okanye iimpawu zoncwadi. Isimbo sokubhala sisesikweni nangona sicalanye. Kwizincoko ezithile, umfundi uyakwazi ukuvakalisa nolwakhe uluvo ngakumbi xa ebuziwe malunga noko. Ileta yaseburhulumenteni / esesikweni Nakule mihla yeteknoloji, ukubhala ileta iseyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo efuna ubani anamathele kwindlela eyiyo yokuyibhala. Abafundi kulindeleke ukuba babhale iileta ezichanekileyo ezisesikweni, xa kusenzeka bazithumele balindele impendulo. Iileta ezisesikweni ezibhalwa nje kungekho meko zibhalwa phantsi kwayo ziyakruqula. Iileta ezicela ulwazi oluthile malunga neemveliso, iiyunivesithi, ezohambo, ezemisebenzi, xa zithe zathunyelwa ngokuchanekileyo zinokuphendulwa. Oko kungenza ukuba ixabiso leleta esesikweni liqapheleke. Kwangaxeshanye oko kungenziwa nakwiileta eziya kumhleli, ngakumbi xa imiba ekuthethwa ngayo isematheni. Naxa inokuprintwa, ifuthe loko eklasini lingalikhulu kakhulu. Umxholo ubaluleke kakhulu kwezi mbalo zingasentla.

• Baqhelanise abafundi nokubhala iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeleta ezisesikweni, umzekelo, ileta yokucela

umsebenzi, ileta eya kumhleli wephephandaba, ileta yesikhalazo, njalo njalo. • Mabanamathele kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeeleta ezisesikweni njengesimbo sokubhala nesakhiwo. • Mababhale ngolwimi oluvakalayo nolusulungekileyo. • Kufuneka bakhumbule ngabantu abababhalelayo ukuncedisana nokuba oko babhale ngako kuqondwe msinya. • Indlela ababhala ngayo mayivakale, iyondelelane, icaciswe, ibe semxholweni. • Mabasebenzise ulwimi olwamkelekileyo nolusulungekileyo. • Isiphelo esichanekileyo silandelwa yifani noonobumba-magama bombhali.

Ileta yobuhlobo / engekho sikweni Nangona kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokubhala, umz i-imeyile, ifeksi ne-sms, abafundi mabafundiswe ngokubhala ileta yobuhlobo. Kungafundiswa ngeeleta eziqhelekileyo eziya kumalungu osapho nabahlobo nezo ziya kumhleli. Iingcebiso malunga nokubhalwa kweleta yobuhlobo okanye engekho sikweni:

• Mabasebenzise ulwimi olungekho sikweni ukuya kolusesikweni. • Mababhale ngolwimi oluvakalayo, olusulungekileyo nolutsala umdla. • Mabacwangcise ngokukuko baxoxe ngokukuko. • Ileta mayiqulathe intshayelelo, isiqu nesiphelo. • Mayiqulathe idilesi enye, umbhali, umhla ebhalwe ngawo ngasezantsi kwayo. • Mayibandakanye isibuliso esichanekileyo esilandela idilesi yombhali. • Akukho mgaqo uthile ulandelwayo ncam malunga nesiphelo kodwa silandelwa ligama lokuqala lombhali.



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I-ajenda yentlanganiso Imemorandam, i-ajenda nemizuzu mazibhalwe ngokuvakalayo. Eyona ndlela iphucukileyo yokufundisa abafundi ngoku kungasentla kukuba babukele ividiyo yakho okanye bazimase intlanganiso yokwenyani bathathe imizuzu, benze i-ajenda yayo bandule bathelekise i-ajenda yabo nemizuzu yabo abayenzileyo neyentlanganiso leyo yokwenyani. Xa kungenzeki oku, abafundi mabakufundiswe oku kusetyenziswa ingqikelelo yabo. Bhala i-ajenda yentlanganiso yengqikelelo ngokwakho, wandule uyalele abafundi ukuba babhale imizuzu eqikelelweyo yale ntlanganiso benamathele kwi-ajenda yakho. Ukhumbule ukuba oku kwahluke kakhulu ekubhalweni kwemizuzu yentlanganiso yokwenyani.

• Xela okuza kuxoxwa entlanganisweni. • Kuthumele oko kubantu abamenyiweyo ukuba bazimase intlanganiso. • Cwangcisa imiba ekuza kuxoxwa ngayo ngokokubaluleka kwayo. • Umba ngamnye wabele ixesha.

Imizuzu

• Bhala okwenzeke entlanganisweni. • Bhala oku kulandelayo:

o Igama lequmrhu o Umhla, indawo nexesha lentlanganiso; o Irejista yabakhoyo.

• Caphula uze ubhale izindululo ezithathiweyo ngobunjalo bazo. • Nika isishwankathelo sezindululo ezenziweyo nekugqitywe kuko. • Sebenzisa ixesha elidlulileyo.

Intetho, incoko yababini, udliwano-ndlebe Ezi ndlela zokubhala zinxibelelene kakhulu nokuthetha, ngoko ke akufanelekanga ukuba zibhalwe nje kuze kuphelele apho. Intetho (speech) • Sazi isimbo sokuthetha oza kusisebenzisa, ixesha, indawo, isizathu (injongo), abaphulaphuli noko oza kuthetha

ngako. • Qala ngendlela echanekileyo • Indlela oqala ngayo intetho mayitsale umdla • Waphuhlise amanqaku akho kakuhle ungatsho ngentetho ekruqulayo • Sebenzisa izivakalisi ezifutshane ezikhatshwa ziingcingane ezilula, usebenzisa imizekelo eqhelekileyo • Lungelelanisa izigxeko zakho nezincomo onazo • Isiphelo sibalulekile kwaye ukhumbule ukuba ayisosishwankathelo sokubhaliweyo

Incoko yababini (dialogue) • Yincoko ephakathi kwabantu ababini nangaphezulu. • Bhala le ncoko njengoko isenzeka, amazwi ezithethi uwabhala njengoko enjalo. • Ukwahlula phakathi kwentetho yesithethi neyesinye, shiya umgca. • Cebisa abalinganiswa (okanye abafundi) ngendlela yokuthetha okanye yokwenza ngokufakela umyalelo lowo

kwizibiyeli phambi kokuba amagama athethwe. • Banike umkhomba-ndlela wokuza kuthethwa ngako phambi kokuba ubabhalise. • Incoko yababini inokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokubhala. Incoko yababini akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe phakathi

kwabantu kuphela. Udliwano-ndlebe (Interview) • Buza umbuzwa imibuzo. • Nika amagama esithethi kwicala elisekhohlo ephepheni. • Ukwahlula phakathi intetho yesithethi neyesinye, shiya umgca.



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• Udliwano-ndlebe lubhalwa phantsi, ngoko ke kufanele kwenzeke oku kulandelayo: Usinga-dliwano-ndlebe angabaliswa njengebali. Xa abafundi bebhala udliwano-ndlebe, bafunda ngokukhawuleza ngomahluko phakathi kolwimi oluthethwayo nolubhalwayo, ngabo kwakhona abaza kuqaphela ukuba udliwano-ndlebe olubhaliweyo luquka ukuhlela ngobunono. Kubaluleke ngaloo nto ukuba abafundi babhale udliwano-ndlebe.

Ingxelo (Report) Iingxelo ngamaxwebhu (ziidotyhumenti) asesikweni kwaye oko kuqulethwe kuzo kufanele kube yinyaniso kubafundi. Iyabakruqula kakhulu abafundi into yokubhalwa koosinga-ngxelo okanye iingxelo ezingesihloko abangenamdla kuso.

• Nika iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo ngesiganeko. • Bhala isihloko, intshayelelo nesiqu, isiphelo, izindululo, izalathisi, izihlomelo • Cwangcisa, qokelela uze ucwangcise ingcombolo yolwazi; bhala iingongoma. • Sebenzisa ulwimi olungekho sikweni ukuya kolusesikweni. • Sebenzisa:

o Ixesha langoku (ngaphandle kokuba yincoko yababini emalunga nezinto ezadlulayo). o Izibizo gabalala. o Umntu wesithathu. o Ingcaciso egqibeleleyo. o Amagama namabinzana abhekise kwimeko ethile (enjengobugcisa). o Ulwimi olusesikweni.

Irivyu (Review) Iirivyu ayilandeli ndlela ithile yokubhalwa. Akukho mfuneko yokuba kuchatshazelwe imiba ethile encwadini, kwifilim okanye i-CD leyo kwenziwa irivyu yayo. Abantu abenza irivyu bajolisa kuloo nto benza irivyu yayo nakulowo ubandakanyekayo kuyo, bakugqiba bafakele nantoni na abayithandayo. Irivyu eyiyo yengathathi cala nengadleleleli bani, kodwa irivyu engeyiyo kuba lapho umntu adandalazisa nje uluvo lwakhe ngokuthile. Ezinye iirivyu ziba nezihlekiso: Abanye ababhali bazo lolona phawu balusebenzisayo olo lwesihlekiso kwiirivyu zabo. Yenza iirivyu eziphuma kwimithombo yolwazi eyahlukeneyo ukubonisa abafundi indlela eyahluke ngayo le ndlela yokubhala.

• Veza imbono yakho buqu ngomsebenzi wobugcisa, ifilim, incwadi, umsebenzi othile, njalo njalo. • Dandalazisa indlela oyibona ngayo loo nto iphambi kwakho. • Iirivyu zithabatha icala elithile. Bangababini abantu abenza irivyu ngomsebenzi omnye kodwa bavakalise izimvo

ezahlukeneyo ngomsebenzi lowo. • Nika iingongoma eziphambili nezichanekileyo, umzekelo, igama lombhali / umvelisi / igcisa, isihloko sencwadi /

somsebenzi, igama lompapashi / lenkampani yokuvelisa, kunye nexabiso (xa likhona).

Inqaku lephephandaba (Newspaper article) • Chaza ngokufutshane umba obhala ngawo kodwa ucace gca. • Gqithisa umyalezo wakho uvakale kulowo umbhalelayo. • Shwankathela ngokucacileyo ungayigqwethi into eyinyaniso. • Nika isihloko esicacileyo nesivakalayo uze wongeze nesihlokwana esicacileyo. • Qala ngokona kubaluleke kakhulu: umzekelo, ngubani, yintoni, nini, phi, kutheni kangakanani.

Inqaku lemagazini (magazine article) Kwinqaku lemagazini kufanele umbhali adandalazise izinto azithandayo nangazithandiyo yena buqu, oku kufanele kukhuthazwe kubafundi esikolweni. Kufuneka babhale amanqaku emagazini anomhluzi navakalayo ngayo nantoni na edla umzi, kananjalo banokubhala amanqaku emagazini ahlekisayo nangaso nasiphi na isihloko abasikhethileyo. Uninzi lwamanqaku eemagazini ezifundwa ngabafundi zilolu hlobo luchazwe ngasentla. Amanqaku eemagazini amaninzi afumaneka kwi-intanethi nangona ebhalwe ngesiNgesi, kodwa aqulethe okuninzi yaye ungawasebenzisa ukuzixhobisa. Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngabafundi, bangabhala iiblogu zabo beqwalasela ukuba babhalela bani, okuqulethwe yiblogu nemvakalozwi yayo. Ungasebenzisa oku kulandelayo:

o Isihloko masitsale umdla sibe sesidlwengula umxhelo.



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o Indlela yokubhala mayibe yevela kuwe, uthethe ngqo nomfundi. • Isimbo sokubhala singaba sesichazayo nesikhatshwa zizafobe, ukutsala umdla wabafundi. • Amagama, iindawo, amaxesha, ubume bendawo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezifunekayo mazifakwe

kwinqaku elo. • Inqaku malitsale umdla lidlwengule nomxhelo womfundi. • Njengakwiiriyvu, akukho fomathi imiselweyo yokubhalwa kwenqaku lemagazini.

Isivi (CV) Kule mihla kusetyenziswa iithempleythi xa kubhalwa isivi, uyakhuthazwa ukuba uzikhangele kwaye uzisebenzise ezo zingaluncedo kuwe.

• Zazise kangangoko unako elizweni usebenzisa le sivi yakho. • Zazise njengomntu owuqondayo umcimbi ekungawo kunjalonje njengokhutheleyo nokhathalayo. • Ingcombolo yolwazi oyinikayo mayicace, ivakale kwaye ingathathi cala lithile. • Isivi yakho mayigxininise kweso sikhundla somsebenzi sibhengeziweyo usifunayo. • Nika:

o Iinkcukacha ngawe buqu o Iziqinisekiso zemfundo onazo o Amava onawo ngomsebenzi (xa unawo) o Abantu abanokwenza ingxelo ngokuziphatha kwakho

. I-obhitshuwari

• Igama nefani yalo mntu uswelekileyo, umhla awazalwa ngawo, indawo awazalelwa kuyo, amagama abazali bakhe

• Imfundo yakhe neendawo aphangele kuzo; • Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezimalunga nobomi bakhe ezifana nokutshata (ukuba kuyangena); • Unobangela wokusweleka kwakhe: ukuba ugulile, imbali yokugula kwakhe ukuza kuthi ga ngomhla

wokusweleka kwakhe; • Abantu abashiya ngasemva, umz. inkosikazi/umyeni, abantwana, njalo njalo; • Amazwi okumkhapha, mhlawumbi nezibongo zesiduko sakhe; • Sebenzisa ulwimi oluhloniphayo nolundilisekileyo.



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UBUDE BEMISEBENZI EBHALWAYO Umsebenzi owenziwayo

Amabanga Isihobe Inoveli / idrama / uncwadi lwemveli

Izincoko zoncwadi

Inani lamagama

Inani lamagama

IBanga 10 90 - 140 amagama

240 - 290 amagama


290 - 340 amagama


340 - 390 amagama

Izincoko Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esocamngco / esixoxayo / esivelela amacala omabini

Amabanga Inani lamagama IBanga 10

240 - 290 amagama IBanga 11

290 - 340 amagama IBanga 12

Imihlathi IBanga 10

100 – 120 amagama (umxholo kuphela) Isivi neLeta eyikhaphayo / uDliwano-ndlebe olubhaliweyo / incoko yababini / iiLeta ezisesikweni nezingekho sikweni eziya kumhleli / iiLeta ezisesikweni zokucela umsebenzi, zeSicelo, zesiMemo, zokuVuyisana nezoShishino / iileta zoBuhlobo / iMagazini / amaNqaku ephephandaba neeKholam / iMemorandam / iMizuzu ne-ajenda (zidityaniswe kunye) / i-Obhitshuwari / iiNgxelo (ezisesikweni nezingekho sikweni) / iiRivyu / iiNtetho ezibhaliweyo ezisesikweni nezingekho sikweni

IBanga 11 100 – 120 amagama (umxholo kuphela)

IBanga 12 100 – 120 amagama (umxholo kuphela)



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3.4 Ulwakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi Kwesi sigaba semfundo, kulindeleke ukuba abafundi babe sele benolwazi olunzulu ngezinto ezingundoqo kwigrama. Ezo zinto ziquka izigaba zentetho, imigaqo yokusetyenziswa kwezivumelanisi, ukusetyenziswa kwezenzi, izincedisi nokubunjwa kwezivakalisi ngokwemigaqo yegrama. Akulindelekanga ukuba utitshala afundise ngegrama inguzimele geqe, kulindeleke ukuba ayifundise ngokusemxholweni. Ukubaluleka kwegrama kuthatha unyawo kwiinkalo ezimbini ezingundoqo.

• Igrama ibaluleke kakhulu kuphononongo, uhlalutyo nophendlo lweetekisi, kumabali ayinyani nangeyonyani. Abafundi bafundiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo segrama, ukubunjwa kwezivakalisi, ukusetyenziswa kwamahlelo ezibizo, kwamaxesha ezenzi kunye nentetho-ngqo nengxelo-ntetho. Okunye abaxhotyiswa ngako abafundi kukusetyenziswa kwegrama ukuphuhlisa intsingiselo nokucacisa ngokuvakalayo okubhaliweyo kwiitekisi.

• Idlala indima enkulu xa kusenziwa umsebenzi obhalwayo. Ukubhala ngowona msebenzi

ungundoqo ngoko ke abafundi mababhale iidrafti zezincoko eklasini. Utitshala wesiXhosa uza kuba nethuba elihle lokulungisa abafundi kwezo mposiso zolwimi zinokufumaneka kwiidrafti zabo. Ngokwenza izilungiso kwiidrafti zabafundi, utitshala unciphisa iimpazamo zabo xa emakisha umsebenzi wabo wokugqibela kwaye nabo banethuba elihle lokulungisa iimposiso zabo ukuphucula oko bakubhalileyo. Qaphela ukuba abafundi abaninzi abathandi ukwenza izilungiso emsebenzi wabo, bakhuthaze ke ngoko. Oku kuxhobisa utitshala akwazi ukuqaphela iinkalo abasilela kuzo abafundi kulwimi azifundise ngokutsha. Enye indlela yokunxibelelanisa igrama nokubhala kukunika abafundi iikopi zomsebenzi obhaliweyo obhutyubhutyu ziimposiso bawumakishe ngababini bandule ukucacisa ngeemposiso ezikhoyo kuwo. Lithuba elihle likatitshala lokuba agxininise kwiimposiso ezixhaphakileyo ukuncedisana nabo. Ibaluleke kakhulu igrama kumsebenzi obhalwayo. Kukho ukuzalana okukhulu phakathi kwegrama nokubhala okungazala amathole angamaduna xa kunokusingathwa ngempumelelo.

• Jonga kwisiHlomelo 1 itheyibhile edwelisa izakhiwo zolwimi nemigaqo ekulindeleke abafundi bazisebenzise kumsebenzi wokuphulaphula, wokuthetha, wokufunda nowokubhala. Izakhiwo zolwimi mazifundiswe ngokusemxholweni ngokuqukayo kwiitekisi ze-orali / zentetho yomlomo, ezibonwayo nezibhalwayo.

Nangona kunikwe uluhlu lwemiba yegrama akunyanzelekanga ukuba ootitshala bayifundise yonke okanye nayiphi na kuyo. Ibekelwe ukuba uyijonge nje kuphela, yaye makufundiswe ngokweemfuno zeklasi.



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3.5 Izicwangciso zokufundisa ezicetyiswayo Ezi nkqubo zeveki zilandelayo zinikwa njengengcebiso kootitshala kuphela, yaye azijonganga ekuvaleleni ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iintlela ezinokusebenza ngokwezicwangciso ezinikweyo. Umzekelo, utitshala usenokukhetha ukufunda uncwadi eklasini kangangoko. Le nto inokwenzeka iiveki ezimbini. Izicwangciso zokufundisa ezicetyiswayo zamaBanga 10, 11 nele-12 zisekelwe ekufundiseni ngeeveki ezimbi phantsi ngeeyure ezili-9 ngeli thuba. Kodwa xa kusenzizwa iiyure zonyaka ziya kwandiswa kukunikwa rhoqo komsebenzi wasekhaya, imisebenzi yeprojekthi nokufunda okwandisiweyo. Abafundi bamaBanga 10 -12 kufuneka benze ubuncinane umsebenzi wasekhaya oziiyure ezi-3 ngeveki ngokunjalo nokufunda kulwimi lwabo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba abafundi bawugqibezele lo msebenzi njengomsebenzi wasekhaya.. Xa eyila ithuba lokufunda leeveki ezimbini, utitshala usenokudibanisa imisebenzi phantsi kwesihloko esithile, umz. ILizwe labantu abaSebenzayo, umba, umz. ukuguquka kwemozulu, incwadi yoncwadi efundwayo, isakhono esisuka kwikharityulam, umz. ingxoxo-mpikiswano, ukubhala ngokuxoxayo, izakhi ezixhoxayo, okanye itekisi kungenjalo iqela leetekisi “Iitekisi ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ukufundisa izakhono zolwimi”. Ukulandelelanan kwezifundo kwithuba leeveki ezimbini kusenokuba nangoluphi uhlobo, umz. eli thuba lingaqala ngokufunda, liqhubeke liye exoxeni (ukuthetha) okulandelwa kukubhalwa. Nokuba kungetekisi emiselweyo (apho kuyimfuneko) okanye (engafanelekanga) okanye oluye uhlobo lwetekisi lungasetyenziswa kule misebenzi inikwe apha ngezantsi. Ezi sampule zeziCwangciso zokuFundisa zilandelayo zilungiselelwe ukuba qho ngeeveki ezimbini abafundi bakwazi:

• Ukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokuzimisela kwimisebenzi yokuphulaphula nokuthetha eklasini. • Mabafundiswe isicatshulwa baphendule nemibuzo ehamba nalo okanye benze isishwankathelo. • Mabafundiswe ngoncwadi olumiselweyo. • Mababhaliswe isincoko okanye imihlathi. • Mabaphuhlise bafundiswe ngolwakhiwo nemigaqo yolwimi esetyenziswa kunxibelelwano, umzekelo,

ekuthetheni, ekuphulaphuleni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Nangona kubalulekile ukuba utitshala awujonge ze awumakishe wonke umsebenzi we-orali / wentetho yomlomo nobhaliweyo wabafundi, kodwa angasebenzisa ndlela zimbi zokumakisha. Isicwangciso sokufundisa isiXhosa siqulethe inani neendidi zemisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni eza kumakishwa ngutitshala. Eminye imisebenzi inokumakishwa ngabafundi bekhokelwa ngutitshala. Utitshala unokumakisha imisebenzi ethile ayikhethileyo okanye inxenye yayo aze ayibuyisele kubafundi ukuba benze izilungiso kuba akunyanzelekanga ukuba amakishe yonke imisebenzi yokuhlola engekho sikweni. Umzekelo, kwiBanga 10 kwikota yoku-1, abafundi baza kubhala izincoko ezibini nemihlathi emithathu. Sisincoko esinye nomhlathana omnye eziya kumakishwa njengemisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni. Eminye imisebenzi akunyanzelekanga ukuba utitshala ayimakishe ngaphandle kokuba ufuna ukwenza njalo yena. Alungomgqaliselo ubekelelo lomxholo olulapha ngasezantsi kananjalo nexesha elinikiweyo yingqikelelo engobude bomsebenzi oza kwenziwa kumxholo. Ootitshala kulindeleke ukuba bazenzele izicwangciso zomsebenzi (iishedyuli) (okanye basebenzise ezikhoyo ezincwadini) ukufundisa umxholo ngekota besebenzisa naluphi na ubekelelo nolandelelwaniso olululutho kubo. Isicwangciso sokufundisa somsebenzi mayilungelelaniswe ngokobude bonyaka. Qaphela ukuba izakhono, umxholo nale migaqo ingasezantsi azigqibelelanga. Qwalasela ezo zidweliswe kwiCandelo 3.1 - 3.4 ukuzixhobisa. Ukufundiswa kolwakhiwo lolwimi kusekelwe kwiitekisi nonxibelelwano. Ngoko ke, makungenziwa kuzimele geqe makufundiswe ngokusemxholweni. Indlela esakhiwe ngayo isicwangciso sokufundisa ikhuthaza ukuba ulwakhiwo



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lolwimi lubandakanywe luze luhlanganiswe nokufundiswa kwezinye izakhono. Yiya kwiCandelo 3.4 ukuzixhobisa ngolwakhiwo lolwimi ekulindeleke ukuba lufundiswe. Nangona izakhono ezikwisicwangciso sokufundisa zibekwe zodwa, kufanele zifundiswe ngendlela ehlanganisiweyo xa kusenzeka, umzekelo, xa ufundisa udliwanondlebe lomlomo, abafundi banokufunda itekisi ebhaliweyo baze emva koko, bayalelwe ukuba babhale udliwano-ndlebe. Ukuchongwa kolwakhiwo lolwimi oluza kufundiswa ngethuba elithile lokufundisa kuxhomekeke kwiitekisi zomlomo nezibhaliweyo eziza kuveliswa ngelo thuba lokufundisa, umzekelo, izichazi, izifanokuthi, izichasi, izihlomelo nexesha elidlulileyo zingalulutho ekuxhobiseni abafundi bakwazi ukubhala isincoko esibalisayo okanye esichazayo. Kanti iintlobo zezenzi ezithile zona zingaluncedo kakhulu xa abafundi bebhala isincoko esicamngcayo. Imigaqo yonikezelo lomlomo nokubhala eza kufundiswa kwithuba lweveki ezimbini ngalinye ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwetekisi eza kuveliswa, umzekelo xa ufundisa isincoko esibalisayo, abafundi kufanele bafundiswe ngokulandelelanisa iziganeko nokuqaphela unobangela nefuthe.



Inkqubo yokufunda yale ncwadiInkqubo yokufunda ibonisa umsebenzi owenziwayo nomxholo

INtSHAYELELO

IKOTA YOKU-1

Iveki yoku-1–2 Iveki yesi-3–4 Iveki yesi-5–6 Iveki yesi-7–8 Iveki ye-9–10

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuxhobisayo, oluphicothayo nokuncomayo)

Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo ukuquka iindidi zoncwadi gabalala Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo

Ufundo loncwadi

Umhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/ yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/ yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/ isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari /i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: UMzantsi Afrika omtsha

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano

Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoUfundo loncwadi

Isincoko: esibalisayo/ esichazayo/ esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: UMzantsi Afrika omtsha

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)

Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo(umzekelo kwizibhengezo, iikhathuni, imifanekiso)

Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi ingxelo/irivyu/ inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagazini Imeko/ Umxholo: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso

Incoko yababini/incoko

Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi

Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/Umxholo: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso

Intetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwanga

Ukubhala isishwankathelo

Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi: intetho/ingxoxo/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/umxholo: Inkcubeko

IKOTA YESI-2

Iveki ye-11–12 Iveki ye-13–14 Iveki ye-15–16 Iveki ye-17–18 Iveki ye-19–20

Incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe

Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo Ufundo loncwadi Imihlathi: Ukubhala intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe

Imeko/umxholo: Amaqhawe ezemidlalo



Ufundo loncwadi

Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Amaqhawe ezemidlalo



Ufundo loncwadiImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari /i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/Umxholo: Unxibelelwano

Ingxoxo yephaneli


Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/Umxholo: Unxibelelwano

Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni



IKOTA YESI-3

Iveki yama-21–22

Iveki yama-23–24

Iveki yama-25–26

Iveki yama-27–28

Iveki yama-29–30

Ukuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango elandelwayo yentlanganiso

Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo yeetekisi eziviwayo Ufundo loncwadi

Imhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhisthuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: Ungcoliseko

Ukubalisa ibali


Ufundo loncwadi

Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Umculo

Intetho elungiselelweyo/ engalungiselelwanga

Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo

Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/Umxholo: Umculo

Intetho elungiselelweyo/ engalungiselelwanga

Ukubhala isihwankathelo

Ufundo loncwadiIsincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo:Umbane nokhuseleko

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (Okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)

Ukufundela ukuqonda: iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo

Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi: ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/umxholo: Umbane nokhuseleko

IKOTA YESI-4

Iveki yama-31–32

Iveki yama-33–34

Iveki yama-35–36

Iveki yama-37–38

Iveki yama-39–40

Ukwazisa isithethi/ukwe-nza amazwi ombuleloUkufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo kwiitekisi ebonwayo

Ufundo loncwadi

Imhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/ yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: Impatho-mbi

Ingxoxo yephaneli


Ufundo loncwadi

Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Impatho-mbi

Ingxoxo yephaneli


Ufundo loncwadiImihlathi Ingxelo/irivyu/ inqaku lephepha-ndaba/ inqaku lemagaziniImeko/Umxholo: Umabonakude

Ingxoxo yeforam/yeqela/ yephaneliAmalungiselelo oviwo Ukufunda nokubukela: Ukufundela ukuqonda nokusetyenziswa kolwimi: isishwankatheloUncwadi: Inoveli/Uncwadi lwemveliIdramaIsihobeImeko/Umxholo:Umabonakude

Amalungiselelo oviwoUkubhala nokunikezelaIzincokoImihlathi



Ishedyuli yomsebenziIshedyuli yomsebenzi kufuneka iveliswe kunyaka ngamnye kwinkqubo yokufunda. Ishedyuli yomsebenzi inika inkcukacha yengqiqo nganye okanye ilungu lenkqubo yokufunda kwaye yongeza inkcukacha ngokuphathelele kwiimeko, kulwazi nakulwabiwo lwexesha. Inkqubo yohlolo yakhelwe kwishedyuli yomsebenzi. Ishedyuli yomsebenzi ibonisa iindlela zohlolo emazisetyenziswe. Imithombo efunekayo kufuneka ichaziwe.

IKOTA YOKU-1

IVEKI YOKU-1–2

Izakhono Izixhobo zokufundisa Uhlolo

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (oluxhobisayo, oluphicothayo nokuncomayo)

Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo ukuquka iindidi zoncwadi gabalala Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo

Ufundo loncwadi

Umhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/i-obhitshuwari /i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: UMzantsi Afrika omtsha

Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentetho

IirubrikhiImemoiigridi

IVEKI YESI-3–4

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano

Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoUfundo loncwadi

Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/umxholo: UMzantsi Afrika omtsha


IirubrikhiImemoIigridi

IVEKI YESI-5–6

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)


Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagazini Imeko/Umxholo: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso



IVEKI YESI-7–8



Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/Umxholo: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso

Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentethoIikhathuniIzibhengezoIzaziso

IigridiIimemoIirubrikhi




IVEKI YE-9–10



Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi: intetho/ingxoxo/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/umxholo: Inkcubeko

Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentethoIikhathuniIzaziso

IigridiIirubrikhiImemo

IKOTA YESI-2

IVEKI YE-11–12

Incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe

Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo Ufundo loncwadi Imihlathi: Ukubhala intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe

Imeko/umxholo: Amaqhawe ezemidlalo

Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentethoIikhathuniImifanekisoIzibhengezoIzaziso


IVEKI YE-13–14



Ufundo loncwadi

Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Amaqhawe ezemidlalo



IVEKI YE-15–16



Ufundo loncwadiImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/i-obhitshuwari /i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/Umxholo: Unxibelelwano

Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali amafutshaneIdramaIintsomiImihobeAmaphepha-ndabaIikhathuniImifanekisoIzibhengezoIzaziso

IimemoIigridiIirubrikhi

IVEKI YE-17–18

Ingxoxo yephaneli


Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/Umxholo: Unxibelelwano

Incwadi yomfundiInoveliAmabali IdramaImibongoAmaphepha-ndabaIimagaziniIinkqubo zentethoIikhathuniIzibhengezoIzaziso


IVEKI YE-19–20

Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni



KOTA YESI-3

IVEKI YAMA-21–22



Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo yeetekisi eziviwayo Ufundo loncwadi

Imhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/iobhisthuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: Ungcoliseko



IVEKI YAMA-23–24

Ukubalisa ibali


Ufundo loncwadi

Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Umculo



IVEKI YAMA-25–26

Incoko yababini/incokoIntetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwanga


Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeImeko/Umxholo: Umculo



IVEKI YAMA-27–28



Ufundo loncwadiIsincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/umxholo:Umbane nokhuseleko



IVEKI YAMA-29–30

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (Okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)

Ukufundela ukuqonda: iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo

Ufundo loncwadi

Imihlathi: ingcelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/umxholo: Umbane nokhuseleko:



IKOTA YESI-4

IVEKI YAMA-31–32

Ukwazisa isithethi/ukwenza amazwi ombulelo Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo kwiitekisi ebonwayo

Ufundo loncwadi

Umhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/i-obhisthuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Imeko/umxholo: Iimpatho-mbi






IVEKI YAMA-33–34

Ingxoxo yephaneli


Ufundo loncwadi

Isincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoImeko/Umxholo: Impatho-mbi



IVEKI YAMA-35–36

Ingxoxo yephaneli


Ufundo loncwadiImihlathi Ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniImeko/umxholo: umabonakude



IVEKI YAMA-37–38

Ingxoxo yeforam/yeqela/yephaneliAmalungiselelo oviwo Ukufunda nokubukela: Ukufundela ukuqonda nokusetyenziswa kolwimi: isishwankatheloUncwadi: Inoveli/Uncwadi lwemveliIdramaIsihobeImeko/umxholo:Umabonakude



IVEKI YAMA-39–40

Imisebenzi yohloloUkubhalwa koviwo



Uyilo lwesifundoUyilo lwesifundo luveliswa kwishedyuli yomsebenzi yonyaka wonke kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno zikatitshala nabafundi kwiklasi ethile. Ootitshala kufuneka bakhethe imisebenzi yokufunda eya kuba nentsingiselo kwizimbo zokufunda ezithile. Uyilo lwesifundo luya kubonisa ngokucacileyo imethodi nenkqubo yokufundisa eya kulandelwa kunye nezithintelo ezithile ekufundeni eziya kulungiswa eklasini. Iintlobo nobungakanani bezixhobo zokufundisa ziya kuchazwa kuba ezi zingundoqo esikolweni naseklasini.

Nanku umzekelo woyilo lwesifundo:

UYILO LWESIFUNDO

Isifundo: ULwimi LwaseKhaya IBanga: 10Ixesha: Iveki yoku-1–2 Umhla

Umxholo/ingqiqo/isakhonoUkuphulaphulela ukuqonda: (Okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayo)

Ukujonga emva:Uvavanyo lokuqonda lokumamela

Ukujonga phambiliUkunika intsingiselo yezicatshulwa ezimanyelweyo

Imisebenzi yokufundaUkuphulaphula ngononophelo Ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyoUkuhlalutyaUkunika iinkcukacha zebaliUkunika ingcinga engundoqoUkuvakalisa uvakaleloUkunika unxulumano phakathi kwesizathu nesiphumo

Indlela yokufundisaUkuthetha komfundi ngamnye, ukuphendula imibuzo ngomlomo

Uhlolo olungekho sikweniUvavanyo lokuqonda lokumamela

Imithombo yolwazi/izixhobo zokufundisaIncwadi yomfundiAmabali amafutshane

Amathuba andisiweyoImiyalelo eyenzelwe abafundi abanesiphiwoEminye imiyalelo eyenzelwe abafundi abasokolayo

Okubonakaliswa kutitshalaUkuphunyezwa kwesakhono sokumamelaUmsebenzi omawuphindwe/omawulungiswe



IZAKHONO NGEZAKHONO EZIKULE NCWADI

IKOtA YOKU-1

ISAHLUKO SOKU-1: UMZANTSI AFRIKA OMTSHA

IVEKI YOKU-1–2 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukuphulaphulela

ukuqonda okuxhobisayo nokuphicothayoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu eziphambili

zokufundwayoUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zenoveliUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala ileta yobuhlobo Umsebenzi wesi-5: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ileta yaseburhulumenteni –

Ileta yesikhalazo

IVEKI YESI-3–4 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo-mpikiswanoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufunda –

UkukrwaqulaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zenoveli Umsebenzi wesi4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Isincoko esixoxayo

ISAHLUKO SESI-2: ISIFO UGAWULAYO NENTSHOLONGWANE YASO

IVEKI YESI-5–6 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthethaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uvavanyo lokuqondaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zenoveliUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala ingxelo

IVEKI YESI-7–8 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukwenza incokoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –

Ukuphuhlisa isigamaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –

Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zesihobeUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala incoko yababini

ISAHLUKO SESI-3: UKHENKETHO NENKCUBEKO

IVEKI YE-9–10Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Intetho

engalungiselelwangaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukubhala isishwankatheloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ufunda nokubhala – Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu

zesihobeUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala ingxoxo



IKOtA YESI-2

ISAHLUKO SESI-4: EZEMIDLALO

IVEKI YE-11–12 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Udliwano-ndlebeUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufundaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedramaUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala – Ukubhala udliwano-ndlebe

IVEKI YE-13–14 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Intetho elungiselelweyoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukubhala isishwankatheloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela- Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedramaUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Isincoko esibalisayo

ISAHLUKO SESI-5: UNXIBELELWANO

IVEKI YE-15–16 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha- Iincoko zababini

ezingekho sikweniUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukutolika izicatshulwa

ezibonwayoUmsebnzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama Umsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala ileta yokucela

nokubhala ileta yesicelo somsebenziUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ileta yorhwebo – Ileta yoku-

odola neleta yentengo

IVEKI YE-17–18 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –

Ukuphuhlisa isigama Umsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –

Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –

Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedramaUmsebenzi wesi-6: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala isigxeko-ncomo/

rivyu

IVEKI YE-19–20 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela- Ukufundela ukuqonda –

Ukuphuhlisa isigama Umsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –

Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukufundela ukuqonda –

Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedrama



IKOtA YESI-3

ISAHLUKO SESI-6: UNGCOLISEKO LOMMANDLA

IVEKI YAMA-21–22 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Iintlanganiso neenkqubo

zentlanganisoUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uvavanyo lokuqonda –

Ukunika intsingiselo yebaliUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zedramaUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ileta eya kumhleli, i-ajenda

nemizuzu yentlanganiso

ISAHLUKO SESI-7: UMCULO

IVEKI YAMA-23–24Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukubalisa ibaliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukuphuhlisa isigama Umsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela- Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-5: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUmsebenzi wesi-6: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – iimpawu zebali

elifutshaneUmsebenzi wesi-7: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala isincoko

esichazayo

IVEKI YAMA-25–26 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukwenza intetho

engalungiselelwangaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufundaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zebali elifutshaneUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala intetho

ISAHLUKO SESI-8: UMBANE NOKHUSELEKO

IVEKI YAMA-27–28 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukwenza intetho

engalungiselelwangaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukubhala isishwankatheloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zebali

elifutshane Umsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala isincoko

elibalisayo

IVEKI YAMA-29–30 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Uvavanyo lokuqonda

lokumamelaUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufundaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala inqaku lephepha-

ndaba



IKOtA YESI-4

ISAHLUKO SE-9: IMPATHO-MBI

IVEKI YAMA-31–32 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ukwazisa isithethi

nokwenza ilizwi lombuleloUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukunika intsingiseloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Uncwadi – Iimpawu zoncwadi

lwemveliUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – i-CV neleta ehamba nayo,

ukubhala iileta zokubulela, ukubhala i-obhitshuwari

IVEKI 33–34 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iindlela zokufundaUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – uncwadi – iimpawu zentsomiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala isincoko esixoxayo

ISAHLUKO SE-10: UMABONAKUDE

IVEKI YAMA-35–36 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukubhala isishwankatheloUmsebenzi wesi-3: Ukufunda nokubukela – Iimpawu zentsomiUmsebenzi wesi-4: Ukubhala nokunikezela – Ukubhala inqaku lemagazini

IVEKI YAMA-37–38 Umsebenzi woku-1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha – Ingxoxo yeqela/

yephaneliUmsebenzi wesi-2: Ukufunda nokubukela – Ukulungiselela uviwo

IZIXHOBO ZOKUFUNDISA NEZOKUHLOLA• Incwadiyomfundi• Inoveli• Amabali• Idrama• Imibongo• Amaphepha-ndaba• Iimagazini• Iinkqubozentetho• Iigridi• Iirubrikhi• Imemo• Imifanekiso• Iikhathuni• Izaziso• Izibhengezo

IVEKI YAMA-39–40Uviwo lokuphela konyaka


1

IKOTA YOKU-1

Isahluko soku-1UMzantsi Afrika Omtsha 2

Isahluko sesi-2Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso 11

Isahluko sesi-3Ukhenketho nenkcubeko 20


2 S t u d y & M a S t e r i n c i n d i y o l w i M i l w e S i x h o S a i b a n g a l e - 1 0

Xa sithetha ngoMzantsi Afrika omtsha sithetha ngeenguqu ezathi zenzeka kweli lizwe lethu. Kaloku uMzantsi Afrika usuka kurhulumente wocalucalulo olawule iminyaka emininzi. Kuthe ngenxa yoqhankqalazo olungapheliyo lwabantu abaNtsundu urhulumente wengcinezelo wanikezela. Ngowe-1994, uMzantsi Afrika ulawulwe ngokwedemokhrasi apho okaMandela waba ngumongameli omnyama wokuqala welizwe elilawulwa yidemokhrasi.

Umfundi uza kuchaza ukuba apha kumhla kwabekwa uNelson Mandela njengomongameli wokuqala wedemokhrasi eMzantsi Afrika ngowe-1994.

Iveki yoku-1–2

Umsebenzi woku-1 Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda: okuxhobisayo, okuphicothayo nokuncomayoIndlela yokufundisa• Yalelaabafundiukubabavaleiincwadizabouzewanduleufunde

isicatshulwa esisencwadini yabo kabini.• Bethelelakwezondawoofunaukubabaziqaphele.• Ungaxoxangentsingiseloyesicatshulwaphambikokubaabafundi

baphendule imibuzo ebuziweyo.• Ukuzelomsebenzikubelulaukuwenza,ungaziteyipaphambikokuba

uwenze.• Ekuziteyipenikwakho,qaphelaukubailizwilakholivakalakakuhle

kwayebonkeabafundibakuvangokufanayo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Phambi kowe-1994, uMzantsi Afrika wawulawulwa ngocalucalulo.

Ngowe-1994abantuabaninzibavotelai-ANCyenzaloontoukubauNelson Mandela abe ngumongameli wokuqala wentando yesininzi.

b) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.c) Ukuguquka kwezinto eMzantsi Afrika. Abafundi bayakunika nezinye.

Yamkelanayiphinaephuhlisaintsingiseloyesicatshulwa.d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.

Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukufunda nokubukela

Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayoIimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo namacandelo encwadi kuquka iindidi zoncwadi gabalalaIndlela yokufundisa • Chazelaabafundiukubaisicatshulwanesicatshulwasibhalwangendlela

yaso.• Yibanezicatshulwaezibiniezingabhalwangangokufanayookokukuthi,

esinye sibe nesihloko nezihlokwana size esinye sibe nesihloko kuphela.

IKOTA YOKU-1

Isahluko soku-1: UMzantsi Afrika Omtsha


3I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y o k u - 1 – 2

• Esinyesibenamagamaabhalwengqindiliesinyesibenabhalwebukekelakuphela okanye singabi nanto ibhaliweyo, sibhalwe ngokuqhelekileyoyonke into. Xoxa nabafundi ngezicatshulwa eziphambi kwenu kwayeubuze umbuzo wokuba zahluke njani izicatshulwa ezo.

• Xaabafundibelandela,fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxani ngolu lwazi.

• Ngababiniabafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Isibiningasinyemasichazeleiklasiokobesikwenza.• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyobazeabafundibakwazi

ukwenza izilungiso.• Baqheliselomsebenziabafundi.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Isihloko sibhalwe ngqindilili kuba umbhali ufuna siqaphele ukuba

sibalulekile. Ulwazi oluphantsi kwesihloko lunomboliwe njengokoumbhali efuna sibone ukulandelelana kweziganeko sesicatshulwa.

b) Kukho isihlokwana naso esibhalwe ngqindilili apho umbhali atsalaingqwalasela yabafundi bakhe.

c) Nalapha ulwazi lunonjoliwe kuba umfundi ufuna sazi ukulandelelanakweziganeko zesihloko.

d) Ngemigaqo-siseko eyahlukileyo.e) Ukubhalwa komgaqo-siseko.f ) Ufuna siqwalasela ukubaluleka kwesihloko.g) Ukubaluleka kolwazi oluphantsi kwesihloko.h) Ukubaluleka nokulandelelana kweziganeko.


Iimpawu zenoveliUfundo loncwadi Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzokubhalwakwenovelikunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwinoveli.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawu

nganyengexeshausenzaumzekelongencwadiabayalathelweyo.Chithaixesha usenza lo msebenzi.

• Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawu,qinisekisaukubaabafundibakho balulandele uphawu ebelufundiswa. Oku ungakwenzangokubanika umsebenzi.

• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenzi,phindaufundiseuphawuolo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.

• Xabelandela,mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Nikaabafundiithubaelaneleyolokwenzalomsebenzi.• Jikelezaphakathikwabouqinisekiseukubawonkeumfundiuyasebenza.• Ncedaabobafundibangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Thathaiincwadizabouzeuzihloleusebenzisalerubrikhiilandelayo.



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Umsebenzi wesi-4 Ukubhala nokunikezela

Ukubhala ileta yobuhlobo Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso.

Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletakunyenabafundi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabambalwabangabhalaezaboiiletaebhodini.Eli

lixesha lokokuba ubone iziphoso ezenziwa ngabafundi ezifananokupelwa kwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi,ukucwangciswa kwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelwanisanokuphefumelelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi, ukwakhiwa kwemihlathi.

• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.

• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.Xakulungiswaeziziphosomana ufunda kunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.

• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelomakwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.Sebenzisalegridiukukorekisha umsebenzi wabafundi.

• Ukubauyabonabasebaninziabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenziphinda ubanike omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.

Ewe Hayi

idilesi idilesi ibhaleke ngokuchanekileyo

umhla umhla ubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo

intshayelelo intshayelelo icacile

isiphelo isiphelo siphethe ileta ngokufanelekileyo

isicwangciso somhlathi kukho imihlathi emithathu ecacileyo

imihlathi umhlathi ngamnye unengcinga ebalulekileyo kunye neengxelo ezixhasayo ezicacileyo


Ileta yaseburhulumenteni – Ileta yesikhalazoImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso.

Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletakunyenabafundi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabambalwabangabhalaezaboiiletaebhodini.Elilixesha

lokokuba uboneiziphoso ezenziwa ngabafundi ezifana nokupelwakwamagama, ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelaniswa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.

• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.



• Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.• Xakulungiswaeziziphoso,manaufundakunyenaboingongomanganye

esencwadini yabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo,

makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.• Sebenzisalegridiukukorekishaumsebenziwabafundi.• Ukubauyabonabasebaninziabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenzi,

phinda ubanike omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.

Ewe Hayi

idilesi iidilesi ezimbini zibhaleke ngokuchanekileyo




isicwangciso somhlathi

kukho imihlathi emithathu ecacileyo


umxholo umxholo uqulathe ngokucacileyo isihloko esinikiweyo.


7I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y E s i - 3 – 4

Iveki yesi-3–4


Ingxoxo-mpikiswanoIndlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalalomsebenzingokunikaiklasiyakhoisihlokoesilulaekuza

kuxoxwangaso.Bahlulebabengamaqelaamabini.Banikeithubalokucinga.Bangaqalakebathethebophelengesihlokoesobasinikiweyo.

• Lixeshaelilokubonaukubaabafundibalusebenzisanjaniulwimikwayebayayilandelaimigaqonokuvumelanakwegramakusinina.

• Lixeshalokubaukwaziukulungisaiziphosozabo.Ulwimiolusetyenziswayoluxhomekekakwisihlokoesinikiweyo.Yibetheleleloonto kubafundi bakho.

• Xaabafundibelandelaningafundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Qalauxoxanabongentsingiseloyesihlokoesinikiweyo.Xabeyilandela

intsingiselo kwaye besazi ukuba kufuneka benze ntoni baxelele ukubamabaye kufuna ulwazi ngesihloko eso.

• Nikaabafundiithubalokuyakuphandangesihlokoabazakuxoxelaphezukwaso ukuze babe nolwazi oluphangeleleyo nolunzulu ngesihloko kwayebakwaziukuvelelazonkeiinkaloxabexoxabazokukwaziukuzithembakokobathethangako.Bachazeleukubazininziiindlelazokuphanda.Usenokuya kwithala leencwadi, usenokwenza amaphepha emibuzo,usenokubamba udliwano-ndlebe okanye uye kubantu abanolwaziabanokukuxelela ngoko ufuna ukukwazi.

• Hlulaabafundibabengakwamaqelaamabini.Iqelangalinyemalithethe,lixoxeliphikiseelinyengomsebenziobuzweencwadini.Banikeithubaelaneleyo lokuxoxa nokubeka iimbono zabo ngesihloko esibuziweyo.

• Xaabafundibexoxaqwalaselaukubabasebenzisaulwimiolufanelekileyonolusulungekileyo.

• Bethelelaukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundi ukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezezimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano, intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.

• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenzeintsingiselo.Kumhlathingamnyekubakhoingcingaenye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathi yabo mayilandelelane kwayeinamathelane ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze oko



akubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo. Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuze okubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba okanye ufumanise ukuba ezo aziniki ntsingiselo koko kuthethwayo. Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.

• Ungawushwankathelalomsebenzingokubhalazonkeiingongomazabafundi kwiphepha elikhulu uze ulixhome edongeni. Ungalibaliukubhala isihloko seengongoma.


Ukukrwaqula Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Banikeinqakulephepha-ndabauthimabalikrwaqule.Banikeiingongoma

ofuna ukuba bazazi. Xoxani ngeengongoma ezo. Xa abafundi belandela,bangenza umsebenzi osencwadini.

• Xaubonaukubabayalandela,fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo. Mabenze umsebenzi ngabanye.

• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakho.Xaabafundibefundaimisebenzi yabo makuxoxwe ngayo kwaye kunikwe nengxelo eyakhayo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Kukubonisa ukubaluleka kwegama nokokuba umfundi kufuneka

eliqaphele.b) Urhulumente wasekhaya ujongene noomsapila ekufuneka banikezele

iinkonzo ebantwini ezifana neenkonzo zempilo zikamasipala, imithethoyokwakha, iinkonzo zokulwa imililo, izithuthi zoluntu lukamasipala,iinkonzo zamanzi nococeko, ukuthutha inkunkuma, imithethoyomhamba-ndlela kunye namathala eencwadi.

c) Urhulumente wamaphondo unenkulumbuso. Urhulumente wephondouyakwazi ukwenza imithetho yephondo. Iphondo linamagunya owiso-mthetho kwizinto ezifana neenkonzo zolimo, zemfundo, zempilo,zeendawo zokuhlala, zothutho, zommandla ngomgaqo wolwinmi,njalo njalo.

d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.


Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zenoveliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubunjwakwabalinganiswakunyenempixanonabafundi.

Yenzaumzekelongencwadiabayaziyoesekhebayifundangaphambili.Xa belandela funda kunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo uzeuthathe uphawu ngalunye ngexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadiabayalathelweyo.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Mabaphenduleumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Thathaiincwadizabouzikorekishengokwakho.Kodwaukubauyathanda kungaxoxwa ngeempendulo ezinikwe ngabafundi.


9I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y E s i 3 – 4

• Shwankathelalomsebenzingokubanikaeyonampenduloiyiyo.• Khumbulaukubakuncwadiakukhompenduloechanekileyo

nengachanekanga. Okubalulekileyo kukuba abafundi bayakwaziukuzixhasa ngencwadi xa bexoxa ngomsebenzi abawunikiweyo.

• Bethelelakuboukubaxabehlalutyaincwadimabazixhasengokubhalweencwadinikangangoko.Bafundisenokucaphulaiindawoezithileencwadini xa bezixhasa.


Isincoko esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Abafundimabaqalebayokuphandangesihlokoabasinikiweyo.• Xaselebenaloulwazingokwamaqela,mabaxoxengeengongomaabaza

kubhalela phezu kwazo.• Ezingongomamazicwangciswengokwemephuyengqondoukuze

bakwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo.• Xaiqelaligqibile,malifundeleiklasiokobelithethangako.• Bancediseaphoubonayoukubaabacwangcisangangokufanelekileyo

okanye iingcinga eziphambili azihambi neengcinga ezixhasayo.• Elilixeshalokokubauboneiziphosoezenziwangabafundiezifana

nokupelwakwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelaniswa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.

• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.• Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.Elilixesha

lokulungisa iziphoso zabafundi. Xa kulungiswa ezi ziphoso mana ufundakunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.Umfundi makahlaziyeuyilo lwakhe ngengxelo ayifumene kuwe nakumalungu eklasi.

• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo

makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.Korekishalomsebenzingale rubrikhi ilandelayo.



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Ukubhala ileta yobuhlobo Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso.

Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletakunyenabafundi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabambalwabangabhalaezaboiiletaebhodini.Eli

lixesha lokokuba ubone iziphoso ezenziwa ngabafundi ezifananokupelwa kwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi,ukucwangciswa kwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelwanisanokuphefumelelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi, ukwakhiwa kwemihlathi.


• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.Xakulungiswaeziziphosomana ufunda kunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.

• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelomakwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.Sebenzisalegridiukukorekisha umsebenzi wabafundi.

• Ukubauyabonabasebaninziabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenziphinda ubanike omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.

Ewe Hayi

idilesi idilesi ibhaleke ngokuchanekileyo




isicwangciso somhlathi kukho imihlathi emithathu ecacileyo



Ileta yaseburhulumenteni – Ileta yesikhalazoImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso.

Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletakunyenabafundi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabambalwabangabhalaezaboiiletaebhodini.Elilixesha

lokokuba uboneiziphoso ezenziwa ngabafundi ezifana nokupelwakwamagama, ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelaniswa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.

• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.



• Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.• Xakulungiswaeziziphoso,manaufundakunyenaboingongomanganye

esencwadini yabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo,

makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.• Sebenzisalegridiukukorekishaumsebenziwabafundi.• Ukubauyabonabasebaninziabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenzi,

phinda ubanike omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.

Ewe Hayi

idilesi iidilesi ezimbini zibhaleke ngokuchanekileyo




isicwangciso somhlathi

kukho imihlathi emithathu ecacileyo


umxholo umxholo uqulathe ngokucacileyo isihloko esinikiweyo.


13I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y E s i - 3 – 4

Iveki yesi-3–4


Ingxoxo-mpikiswanoIndlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalalomsebenzingokunikaiklasiyakhoisihlokoesilulaekuza

kuxoxwangaso.Bahlulebabengamaqelaamabini.Banikeithubalokucinga.Bangaqalakebathethebophelengesihlokoesobasinikiweyo.

• Lixeshaelilokubonaukubaabafundibalusebenzisanjaniulwimikwayebayayilandelaimigaqonokuvumelanakwegramakusinina.

• Lixeshalokubaukwaziukulungisaiziphosozabo.Ulwimiolusetyenziswayoluxhomekekakwisihlokoesinikiweyo.Yibetheleleloonto kubafundi bakho.

• Xaabafundibelandelaningafundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Qalauxoxanabongentsingiseloyesihlokoesinikiweyo.Xabeyilandela

intsingiselo kwaye besazi ukuba kufuneka benze ntoni baxelele ukubamabaye kufuna ulwazi ngesihloko eso.

• Nikaabafundiithubalokuyakuphandangesihlokoabazakuxoxelaphezukwaso ukuze babe nolwazi oluphangeleleyo nolunzulu ngesihloko kwayebakwaziukuvelelazonkeiinkaloxabexoxabazokukwaziukuzithembakokobathethangako.Bachazeleukubazininziiindlelazokuphanda.Usenokuya kwithala leencwadi, usenokwenza amaphepha emibuzo,usenokubamba udliwano-ndlebe okanye uye kubantu abanolwaziabanokukuxelela ngoko ufuna ukukwazi.

• Hlulaabafundibabengakwamaqelaamabini.Iqelangalinyemalithethe,lixoxeliphikiseelinyengomsebenziobuzweencwadini.Banikeithubaelaneleyo lokuxoxa nokubeka iimbono zabo ngesihloko esibuziweyo.

• Xaabafundibexoxaqwalaselaukubabasebenzisaulwimiolufanelekileyonolusulungekileyo.

• Bethelelaukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundi ukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezezimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano, intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.

• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenzeintsingiselo.Kumhlathingamnyekubakhoingcingaenye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathi yabo mayilandelelane kwayeinamathelane ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze oko



akubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo. Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuze okubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba okanye ufumanise ukuba ezo aziniki ntsingiselo koko kuthethwayo. Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.

• Ungawushwankathelalomsebenzingokubhalazonkeiingongomazabafundi kwiphepha elikhulu uze ulixhome edongeni. Ungalibaliukubhala isihloko seengongoma.


Ukukrwaqula Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Banikeinqakulephepha-ndabauthimabalikrwaqule.Banikeiingongoma

ofuna ukuba bazazi. Xoxani ngeengongoma ezo. Xa abafundi belandela,bangenza umsebenzi osencwadini.

• Xaubonaukubabayalandela,fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo. Mabenze umsebenzi ngabanye.

• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakho.Xaabafundibefundaimisebenzi yabo makuxoxwe ngayo kwaye kunikwe nengxelo eyakhayo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Kukubonisa ukubaluleka kwegama nokokuba umfundi kufuneka

eliqaphele.b) Urhulumente wasekhaya ujongene noomsapila ekufuneka banikezele

iinkonzo ebantwini ezifana neenkonzo zempilo zikamasipala, imithethoyokwakha, iinkonzo zokulwa imililo, izithuthi zoluntu lukamasipala,iinkonzo zamanzi nococeko, ukuthutha inkunkuma, imithethoyomhamba-ndlela kunye namathala eencwadi.

c) Urhulumente wamaphondo unenkulumbuso. Urhulumente wephondouyakwazi ukwenza imithetho yephondo. Iphondo linamagunya owiso-mthetho kwizinto ezifana neenkonzo zolimo, zemfundo, zempilo,zeendawo zokuhlala, zothutho, zommandla ngomgaqo wolwinmi,njalo njalo.



Ufundo loncwadi – Iimpawu zenoveliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubunjwakwabalinganiswakunyenempixanonabafundi.

Yenzaumzekelongencwadiabayaziyoesekhebayifundangaphambili.Xa belandela funda kunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo uzeuthathe uphawu ngalunye ngexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadiabayalathelweyo.



15I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s o k u - 1 • i V E k i Y E s i 3 – 4


nengachanekanga. Okubalulekileyo kukuba abafundi bayakwaziukuzixhasa ngencwadi xa bexoxa ngomsebenzi abawunikiweyo.



Isincoko esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Abafundimabaqalebayokuphandangesihlokoabasinikiweyo.• Xaselebenaloulwazingokwamaqela,mabaxoxengeengongomaabaza

kubhalela phezu kwazo.• Ezingongomamazicwangciswengokwemephuyengqondoukuze

bakwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo.• Xaiqelaligqibile,malifundeleiklasiokobelithethangako.• Bancediseaphoubonayoukubaabacwangcisangangokufanelekileyo

okanye iingcinga eziphambili azihambi neengcinga ezixhasayo.• Elilixeshalokokubauboneiziphosoezenziwangabafundiezifana

nokupelwakwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelaniswa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.

• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.• Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.Elilixesha

lokulungisa iziphoso zabafundi. Xa kulungiswa ezi ziphoso mana ufundakunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.Umfundi makahlaziyeuyilo lwakhe ngengxelo ayifumene kuwe nakumalungu eklasi.

• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo

makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.Korekishalomsebenzingale rubrikhi ilandelayo.



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18I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 2 • i V E k i Y E s i 5 – 6

Zininzi izifo esithi sibe nazo kodwa isifo ugawulayo uthathe indawo, kwaye uyabulala. Kukho izifo ezithi zithathe amathuba xa unesifo ugawulayo, ezifana nokudumba amadlala, isifo somlomo, isifo sengqondo, isifosesikhumbanjalonjalo.Esisifouthiukuzeubenasowosulelekengokwabelanangesondoungazikhuselanga.Leiseyeyonandlelainkqenkqezaphambili. Zikho nezinye ezifana nokusebenzisa inaliti ibihlaba umntu onesi sifo nentsholongane yaso.

Abafundi baza kuchaza ukuba umntu ophila nesifo ugawulayo usela iipilisi zokuthomalalisa esi sifo.

Iveki yesi-5–6


Ukuphulaphulela ukuqondaIndlela yokufundisa• Yalelaabafundiukubabavaleiincwadizabouzewanduleufunde

isicatshulwa esisencwadini yabo kabini.• Bethelelakwezondawoofunaukubabaziqaphele.• Ungaxoxangentsingiseloyesicatshulwaphambikokubaabafundi

baphendule imibuzo ebuziweyo.• Ukuzelomsebenzikubelulaukuwenzaungaziteyipaphambikokuba

uwenze lo msebenzi.• Ekuziteyipenikwakhoqaphelaukubailizwilakholivakalakakuhlekwaye

bonkeabafundibakuvangokufanayo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: a) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.b) Yamkelanayiphiintlokoephuhlisaokuthethwasisicatshulwa.Nazi

ezinye zazo: Uninzi luza kubulawa sisifo ugawulayo. Kusekho abantuabangakholelwayo kwesi sifo. Intsholongwane kagawulayo ayikhawuleziyenze isifo ugawulayo.

c) Ugawulayoluxanduvalukarhulumente.Baninziabantuabazakubulawangugawulayo.



Uvavanyo lokuqondaUkufundela ukuqonda: Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayoIndlela yokuqhutywa kwesifundo• Chazelaabafundiukubaimifanekisosesinyesesixhoboesithi

sinxibelelane ngaso. Imifanekiso inento eyithethayo. Uyakwaziukufumanisa ukuba ibali liza kuthetha ngantoni kwaye liza kuqhubekalithini ngenxa yokujonga nokuhlalutya imifanekiso ephambi kwakho.

IKOTA YOKU-1

Isahluko sesi-2: Isifo ugawulayo nentsholongwane yaso



• Kubalulekilekengokoukubaxasifundanokokubasifundantonisiyiqaphele imifanekiso kuba inento esixelela yona.

• Wuqaliselomsebenzingokobabonisanawuphiumfanekisoonawoeklasiniyakho. Xoxani ngomfanekiso lowo. Abafundi mabanike intsingiseloyomfanekiso. Ungakwenza oku ude uqiniseke ukuba abafundi bayalandela.Ukanti nabo banganika imizekelo yemifanekiso abanayo.

• Ungasebenzisaimifanekisoekwiimagazininakumaphepha-ndabaukuphuhlisa isakhono sokutolika imifanekiso.Xa belandela abafundi mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.Abo bazithandelayo bangafunda umsebenzi wabo. Makuxoxwengeempendulo ezinikwa ngabafundi. Xa kusenziwa oku makunikweingxeloeyakhayonovakalelokwiimvakalelozomfundi.

Nantsi impendulo elindelekileyo:Zininziiimpenduloeziyakuzanabafundi.Yamkelanayiphiephuhlisaumfanekiso:a) Apha sibona umntu ogula kakhulu ongakwazi kuzenzela ntoni.b) Uyabonakala ukuba iintlungu ziyamtya.c) Umama wakhe okanye isizalwane siyamombathisa kakuhle njengoko

kubonakala ukuba yena akanakuzenzela nto.d) Sibonaumfanyanaophetheibhotilekunyenekomityi.e) Kule bhotile kusenokuba kukho iyeza okanye isiselo esinika amandla.f ) Kucacile ukuba lo akanakuzenzela nto njengoko kukho nombambele

ibhotile kunye nekomityi.


Iimpawu zenoveliUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaisimosentlalo,ulwimilombhalinonxunguphalonabafundi.

Yenzaumzekelongencwadiabayaziyoesekhebayifundangaphambili.Xa belandela funda kunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo uze uthatheimpawu nganye ngexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abayalathelweyo.



nengachanekanga. Okubalulekileyo kukuba abafundi bayakwaziukuzixhasa ngencwadi nxa bexoxa ngomsebenzi abawunikiweyo.





Ukubhala ingxeloImihlathi: Ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagazini

Indlela yokufundisa• Ungabuzaabafundiukubayintoniumahlukophakathikwentetho

nengxelo.• Ukubaabawaziungabaxelela.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeubayaleleukubabenze

umzekelo wengxelo engamiselwanga/engekho sikweni.• Bachazeleyintoniumahlukophakathikwengxeloemiselweyo

nengamiselwanga.• Ingxeloengamiselwangayileyouyinikangomlomo,umhlawumbi

ubuye entlanganisweni ngoku unika abo bebekuthumele ingxelo yokobekuxoxwa entlanganisweni.

• Ingxeloemiselweyoiyabhalwakwayekwezinyekufunekawenzenophando ukuze ukwazi ukunika iingcebiso nezindululo.

• Xoxaningomzekelowengxeloobhalweencwadiniyabafundi.• Bethelelakubafundiukubaingxeloinezihlokwanangezihlokwana.

Phantsi kwesihlokwana ngasinye kukho ulwazi ekufuneka lubhaliwe.Umxholo ophantsi kwesihlokwana kufuneka uhambelane nesihlokwanaeso sibhaliweyo.

• Elilixeshalokokubauboneiziphosoezenziwangabafundiezifananokupelwa kwamagama ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi, ukucwangciswakwengcinga neengcamango zabo, ukulandelelwanisa nokuphefumlelanisaizivakalisi,uchongolwamagama,ukusetyenziswakolwimi,ukwakhiwakwemihlathi.


• Elilixeshalokulungisaiziphosozabafundi.Xakulungiswaeziziphoso,mana ufunda kunye nabo ingongoma nganye esencwadini yabo.

• Umfundimakahlaziyeuyilolwakhengengxeloayifumenekuwenakumalungu eklasi.

• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.• Xakukorekishwaumsebenziwomfundikwayeenikwaingxelo,

makwenziweokongokwakhayonangovakalelo.• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.• Korekishaumsebenziwabafundingalerubrikhi.



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Iveki yesi-7–8


Ukwenza incokoIncoko yababiniIndlela yokufundisa• Chazelaabafundiukubaxaunencokonentangayakhokwahlukilekunaxa

unencoko nomzali. Ukanti naxa unencoko nalowo unewonga kunaweincoko yenu yahlukile.

• Xausenzaincokokufunekakusetyenzisweisigamaesihambelananencoko leyo.

• Unganikaisihlokoesithandwanguwesizeisibinisenzeincokongasookanye ungabayalela ukuba benze incoko ngezihloko ezikhethwe ngabo.

• Hlulaabafundibabengababini.• Banikeithubalokucwangisaumsebenziwabo.• Xaabafundibencokolaqwalaselaukubabasebenzisaulwimi

olufanelekileyo nolusulungekileyo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Ngalolonkeixeshabesenzaiziphoso,balungisekwangokoukuzebaqhele

ukusetyenziswa kwegrama.• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigama

esihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athetha ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.

• Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyhenebaokanye ufumanise ukuba ezo aziniki ntsingiselo koko kuthethwayo.

• Isigamaesikhethwengokuchanekileyosiyakwaziukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi

• Nikaumfundingamnyeithubalokuthetha.


Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuphuhlisa isigamaUkufundela ukuqonda: Ukuphuhlisa isigama – amagama emboleko, izihlonipho, amaqhalo nezaci, isinye nesininzi, izifinyezo noonobumba bokuqala begama, amahlumela

Indlela yokufundisa• Chazelaabafundiukubaisigamasibalulekekakhuluekubhaleni

nasekuthetheni. Isigama siso esithi sityebise ulwimi lwethu.• Ukuthethangezangotsheezithilenokuchongaamagamaxauthetha

okanye ubhala, oko kunika umdla kulowo uthetha naye.• Isigamakufunekasisetyenziswengendlelaefanelekileyoukuzeoko

ukuthethayo okanye ukubhalayo kungabi namdintsi netyheneba.

1. Amagama emboleko• Thethamalunganamagamaathiabolekwekwezinyeiilwimi.• Amanyesiwabolekakubasingenaloelogamakolwethuulwimi

ukanti ngamanye amaxesha sinalo koko sikhulisa ulwimi lwethu.• Ungabanikaumzekeloubemnyeuzeuchazeukubaelogama

libolekwe kweliphi igama kwaye koluphi ulwimi.



• Abafundimabanikeeyabaoimizekelo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeyaboimizekelo.Xa

belandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.

2. Izihlonipho• ChazelaabafundiukubakwintlaloyakwaXhosakukhoiimekoapho

kufuneka amagama athile engabizwanga. Umzekelo, abakhwethakukho amagama abangawabizyo ukanti nomendi kukho amagamaangawabiziyo.

• Konkekeokukunegaleloekukhuliseniulwimi.Fundanabafundiulwazi olusencwadini yabo. Xoxani ngolu lwazi.

• Mabakunikeeyaboimizekelo.Mabenzeizivakalisieziphuhlisaukuba bayayazi intsingiselo yala magama bawanikezeleyo. Mabenzeumsebenzi osencwadini yabo.

3. Amaqhalo nezaci• ChazelaabafundiukubaobububutyebibentethoisisiXhosa.

Amaqhalo nezaci anonga oko uthetha ngako ngezangotshe ezithileothi uzisebenzise.

• Abafundimabakunikeamaqhaloabawaziyonentsingiselozawo.• Ukubauyathandaungathimabenzeizivakalisiukuphuhlisaukuba

bayayazi intsingiselo yawo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeyaboimizekeloyemvelaphi

yamaqhaloabawaziyo.Ukubaabayaziimvelaphiyamaqhalonezaciungabanika umsebenzi wasekhaya okanye bayokuphanda kwiithalaleencwadi nakubantu abadala abawaziyo la maqhalo nezaci.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Abafundibangenzaumsebenziosencwadini yabo.

4. Isinye nesininzi• Ukubauyathanda,ungabuyelakumahleloezibizouzeuchazele

abafundi amahlelo azizininzi nalawo azizinye zamanye.• Banikeizicatshulwaezininziekuqhelisenilomsebenzi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabonizenixoxengalo.

mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.• Umfundiozithandelayoangabhalaebhodiniiimpendulozakhe.• Xakunikwaingxelokumsebenziwomfundimakwenziweoko

ngovelwanonangokwakhayo.

5. Izifinyezo noonobumba bokuqala begama (Akhronim)• Fundaulwaziolusencwadinikunyenabafundi.Banikeeyakho

imizekelo.• Ukantinabomabakunikeeyabo.Uyakothukaukubabanolwazi

oluphangaleleyo ngezifinyezo kunye nokusetyenziswa koonobumbabokuqala bamagama.

• Ukusetyenziswakoonobumbabokuqalabamagamayintoexhaphakekakhulu kweli loMzantsi Afrika.

6. Amahlumela• Chazelaabafundiukubaulwimialumangandawonye,luyakhula.

Ekukhulenikwalo,iintsingiselozamagamaentsusaziyajikazibeyenyeintsingiselo.



• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeyaboimizekelokwayebenzeizivakalisi

ukubonisa ukuba bayayazi intsingiselo yamagama.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:1. a) Inkomo ihlinzwa cala-nye – kulawulwa gadalala ngabo basemagunyeni.

b) Inkomo yenqoma yintsengw’ ibheka – kufuneka ulumke xausebenzisa into engeyoyakho kuba awazi ukuba umniniyoangayithatha nini.

c) Indoda engenamalusi iinkomo zayo zaluswa yintengu – umntungamnye makazilungiselele entweni yakhe hleze azibone esengxakini.

d) Indoda engenankomo ayibazi ubuhlanti – ihlwempu alinaxabisokwaXhosa.(i) Ibhasi- bus – kwisiNgesi ngokufakelwa isimaphambili sesibizo.(ii) Ukubamb’ isisila sehobe – ukuthenjiswa into engekhoyo.(iii) Intaka yakha ngoboya benye – ukuncedana(iv) Ukuzicandel’umgalagala.

2. a) AIDS–AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeb) SAB–SouthAfricanBreweriesc) Nksz – Nkosikazid) HIV–HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus

3. a) Kufana nokuba ungasebenzisa imoto enye okanye ibhasi enyenomntu onesi sifo.

b) Masiyeke ukumchwethela kude umntu onesi sifo.4. a) Imvotho-amanzi

b) Ibalela- ilangac) Intusi – ubisi

5. Naziphiizivakalisieziphuhlisaezintsingiselo:a) Usiba – sisixhobo sokubhala

USosiba–ngunobhalawesebelaseburhulumentenib) Iindaba ziingongoma zencoko okanye zamaphepha-ndaba

Unondaba yintatheli yeendaba kumaphepha-ndaba neradiyo njalo njaloc) Itheko – umsitho owenziwayo

USotheko–lowowenzelwaumsithod) Ummeli – ngulowo ongumthetheleli okanye othatha indawo yothile

UMmeli lilungu lorhulumente othile eliye kumela yena kwingingqi ethile.Ngumlomo karhulumente apho.


Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: izimaphambili, izinciphiso, isimamva u-kaziIndlela yokufundisa1. Isimaphambili

• Hlaziyaizimaphambilikunyenabafundi.Bachazeleukubaisimaphambili sibaluleke kakhulu kulwimi lwesiXhosa.

• Fundaulwaziolusencwadinikunyenabo• Benzeleumzekeloubemnyeaphoisimaphambilisithisiguqulekhona

intsingiseloyesiqu.Banikeiingcambuokanyeiziquezininziuzeubayalele ukuba bafakele izimaphambili ezahlukeneyo kwigama elo.

• BachazeleukubangaphandlekwesisekelosesibizoizivumelanisiazikhoesiXhoseni.Zibalulekekakhuluizivumelanisikubazizoezenzauvumelwanokwizivakalisi.



• ChazelaabafundiukubaamagamaesiXhosaahlelwangokwamahleloyiyo loo nto sinezimaphambili ezili-17 kodwa isimaphambili sehlelo16 sakha izihlomelo.

• Xabeqondamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.2. Isinciphiso

• Hlaziyaizinciphisokunyenabafundibakho.Baboniseukubaisinciphiso siyayiguqula intsingiselo yengcambu.

• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundikunyenabafundi.• Bayalelebakunikeeyaboimizekelo.• Thethangemisebenziyesinciphiso.Bachazeleukubakufuneka

beyazile ukuba isinciphiso eso sisetyenziselwe ntoni kwisicatshulwa.• Mabakunikeeyaboimizekelo.Xabeqondamabenzeumsebenzi

osencwadini yabo.3. Isimamva u-kazi

• Hlaziyaisimamvau-kazi nabafundi.• Fundaniulwaziolusencwadinibazeabafundibakunikeeyabo

imizekelo.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Umntu,isintu,uluntu,ubuntu.Izivakalisizabafundimaziphuhlise

intsingiselo yala magama.b) Abantwana – ubuncinane ngokuzalwa.c) Ubonisa isandiso.d) Aba-, um-, um-.


Uncwadi – Iimpawu zesihobeUfundo loncwadi

Indlela yokufundisa• Lomsebenziungawuqalisangokufundelaabafundinawuphiumhobeolula.

Lomhobeungawubhalaephephenielikhuluuzeuwuxhomeebhodinixauthethangawo.Qalauwufundeuzeubuzekubafundiukubawakhiwenjani.Ukuba abakwazi kuphendula bachazele indlela esakhiwa ngayo isihobe.

• Isihobesakhiwangokwezintlungezintlu,umqoloulandeleomnye,ikakhulu ulingane nangobude.

• EsinyeisihobeesamkeleifuthelaseNtshonasithisibenamagamaalinganayo ngenani kwimiqolo eyenza isitanza ngabula bona. Kuboniseoku ngokukhomba kumhobe ophambi kwakho.

• Ungathinabomabachazeisakhiwosemihobeabayaziyo.Chazelaabafundi ukuba umbhali xa ebhala usebenzisa amagama athileukugqithisa umyalezo wakhe nokwakha imifanekiso-ntelekelelo.

• Chazelaabafundiukubaimihobeyahlulweyabaziindidingeendidi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Makuxoxwengolulwazi

kwaye kwenziwe eminye imizekelo ukongeza kuleyo inikwe encwadiniyabo. Xa ubona ukuba abafundi bayalandela ungabanika umhotyanaomfutshane ubacele ukuba banike isakhiwo somhobe kunye nohlobolomhobe lowo. Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka njengoko umfundieza kukhetha umhobe othandwe nguye.




Ukubhala incoko yababini Imihlathi: Intetho/Incoko yababini/Udliwano-ndlebe

Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyanabafundiukubayintoniincokokwayekufunekauthethe

njani kwincoko.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Lubetheleleolulwazi

ngokwenza imizekelo eliqela.• Bayaleleukubamababhaleuyilolwabolokuqala.Oluyilomalufundwe

eklasini. Umfundi makafunde uyilo lwakhe.• Elilixeshalokokubakulungisweiziphoso,ulwimiolusetyenziswa

ngumfundi,imigaqoyegramaethiivumelane.Ulwimialusebenzisayoumfundi luza kuxomekeka kuhlobo lwencoko leyo ibhalwayo kwayeingaba incoko leyo ijolise koobani iyintoni injongo yayo.


• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.Lomsebenziusenokuwuhlolangerubrikhiyokuhlolaizincoko.



Zininzi izinto eziyinxalenye yenkcubeko yomntu. Ulwimi, umculo, amasiko nesithethe yenkcubeko yonke leyo. Xa singayazi inkcubeko yethu asizazi ukubasingoobani.Ukuyakwamanyeamazwekusivulaingqondokwayesibona neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo esithi sikwazi ukuzithelekisa neyethu.

Apha sibona umXhosakazi ephethe umrhubhe eziculela ingoma ethandwa nguye.

Iveki ye-9–10


Intetho engalungiselelwangaIndlela yokufundisa• Chazelaabafundiukubaintethoyahlukilekwingxelookanyekwincoko.

Ungababuza ukuba zahluke njani.• Chazelaabafundiukubayintoniumahlukophakathikwentetho

elungiselelweyo nentetho engalungiselelwanga.• Unganikaisihlokoesithandwanguweuzeuyaleleabafundiukubabenze

intetho ngesihloko eso.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeimizekeloeliqela.• Xaabafundibezakwenzaintethobanikeithubalokuphandabanzi

ngesihloko abaza kuthethela phezu kwaso. Njengokuba kungekhomathala eencwadi kwezinye iindawo, abafundi bangabuza kwabanyeabafundi, kootitshala babo kunye nakubazali babo nakwabanye abantuabanolwazi kwingingqi yabo.

• Qwalaselaindlelaabalusebenzisangayoulwimi.Kufunekaabafundibaqhele ukusebenzisa ulwimi olusulungekileyo nolufanele imekoolusetyenziswa phantsi kwayo.

• Khumbuzaabafundiukubaukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzengokunjaloukubaisivakalisiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezide ubanazo xa uthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.

IKOTA YOKU-1

Isahluko sesi-3: Ukhenketho nenkcubeko


28I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i s a h l u k o s E s i - 3 • i V E k i Y E - 9 – 1 0

• Khumbuzaabafundiukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzi,naphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.

• Bakhumbuzeukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.

• Hlolaintethongalerubrikhiilandelayo.



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Ukubhala isishwankatheloUkubhala isishwankathelo

Indlela yokufundisa• Fundanabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Cazululaniisishwankatheloesingezantsinizenixoxengaso.• Nikaabafundiizicatshulwaeziliqelabazebazishwankathele

ngokwamaqela.• Xaubonaukubabayalandelabangenzaumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Sebenzisalerubrikhixauhlolalomsebenzi.



Impu

mel

elo

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mel

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hum

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5 (6

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um

fund

i use

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ise

amag

ama

amba

lwa/

aman

inzi

kak

hulu

.



Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ufunda nokubhala

Ufundo loncwadi: Iimpawu zesihobeIndlela yokufundisa• Qhubekanokufundisaiindidizesihobe.Sebenzisaimizekeloyemihobe

esele beyenzile abafundi kumabanga adlulileyo okanye ungasebenzisanayiphi incwadi yemihobe ekhoyo eklasini yakho.

• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Makuxoxwengolulwazikwaye kwenziwe eminye imizekelo ukongeza kuleyo inikwe encwadini yabo.

• Fundakunyenaboindlelaumhobeohlalutywangayo.Fundaniumzekeloeniwunikiweyo.

• Xaubonaukubaabafundibayalandela,ungabanikaumhotyanaomfutshane kwincwadi abayalathelweyo baze bahlalutye umhobe lowongendlela ohlalutywa ngayo umhobe.

• Khumbulaukubaakukhompenduloechanekileyonengachanekangakuncwadi. Okubalulekileyo abafundi bayakwazi ukuzixhasa ngokokubhalwe ngumbhali.


Ukubhala ingxoxo Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakwengxoxokunyenabafundi.Ungabanikaithuba

lokuba benze ingxoxo emfutshane.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazi.• Bayaleleabafundiukubamababhaleuyilolwabolokuqalabesebenzisa

imephu yengqondo azenzele yona umfundi. Olu yilo malufundweeklasini. Umfundi makafunde uyilo lwakhe.

• Elilixeshalokokubakulungisweiziphoso,ulwimiolusetyenziswangumfundi,imigaqoyegramaethiivumelane.Ulwimialusebenzisayoumfundi luza kuxomekeka kuhlobo lwengxoxo ayibhalayo. Kufunekaazile ukuba ingxoxo le ijolise koobani kwaye yintoni injongo yayo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagama athi enze intsingiselo. Ukunamathelana nokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwa njani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.



• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezazi namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.


• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.Hlolalomsebenzingalerubrikhiilandelayo.



Impu

mel

elo

egqw

esay

o Im

pum

elel

o es

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qabi

ni

Impu

mel

elo

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elis

ayo

Impu

mel

elo

eyan

eley

oIm

pum

elel

o ep

haka

thi

impu

mel

elo

eyin

xale

nye

Uku

ngap

hum

elel

i

7 (8

0–10

0%)

6 (7

0–79

%)

5 (6

0–69

%)

4 (5

0–59

%)

3 (4

0–49

%)

2 (3

0–39

%)

1 (0

–29%

)

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a



IKOTA YOKU-1

Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni


Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana.Yamkelanayiphiephuhlisa

isicatshulwa.Naziezinyezazo.UkukhulanzimakukaSamkelo;Ubuhlwempubudalaumona;Ukungagulinokokubauyahlupheka.

b) NoxaooSamkelobabekhulabehluphekakodwabahlalabephililengenxayeyeza ababelinikwa ngumakhulu.

c) Umntu uyakhula nokuba ukhulela kwisimo esinjani.d) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana.Yamkelanayiphiakwazileyo

ukuzixhasa ngayo umfundi.e) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana.Yamkelaleyoathewakwazi

ukuzixhasa kuyo.f ) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. g) Ukuvezaamathubaemisebenzi.Ukwenzaukubakwiindawoabahlala

kuzo kubekho amanzi awoneleyo ukuze bakwazi ukuzilimela imifuno.Abafundi bangakunika ezabo.

h) Abafundi baya kuza neempendulo ezahlukeneyo. Nantsi enye yazo:Akulunganga. Iziphiwo zabantu azifani ngoko awukwazi kuzithelekisanabanye abantu.

i) Nokokuba ukhulela phantsi kweyiphi imeko, ekugqibeleni uyakhula.

Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukubhala isincokoa) Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisincokoebhalwengasentla.

Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukubhala umhlathiKhetha umbuzo ube mnyea) Sebenzisaigridiengasentlayokuhlolaileta.b) Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaizincokoengasentla.c) Sebenzisalegridiukuhlolalomsebenzi.

isakhiwo 6

izihloko 6

unamathelwano 2

iingcebiso nezindululo 10

umxholo 4

upelo lwamagama 2

30

d) Sebenzisalegridiukuhlolalomsebenzi.


36I K O T A Y O K U - 1 • i M i s E B E N Z i Y o h l o l o E s E s i k W E N i


Umbuzo woku-1: Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Wafumanisaukubaelikhondoafunaukulilandelalinzimakwaye

linemithetho eqatha. (2)b) Ukuba ngumazisi. (1)c) ULindaukhathazwayintoyokokubaibalakushishinolisekude

ekumeleni uluntu. Iintsingiselo zalo kufuneka ziqaliseukuhambisana kunye nezo zininzi zesizwe kwaye ngokwangokuakukho lulungiselelo lokwazisa kwikharityhulamu yesikolo. (3)

d) Uzifumana emathongweni, kumtshizo wamanzi xa uhlamba,ukuphuma nokutshona kwelanga okanye kwingxolo yamaza olwandle. (4)

e) Ukubaunomdlakwelikamvakufunekaunolwazi,ufundekwayeuhambele iindawo. (2)

f ) Ukufundela nukuba ngumazisi. Naziphi ezinye eziza nabafundi eziphuhlisa intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. (2)

g) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2)h) Ikamvakunyenemiceli-mngeniyalo. (2)i) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2)

[20]

Umbuzo wesi-2: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimia) Umntwana – ubuncinane ngokuzalwa. (2)b) Abazali,unozala,isizalo,inzala.Naziphinaizivakalisieziphuhlisa

intsingiselo yala magama. (6)c) Isikolo–skool–kwisiBhulu-ngokufakelaisimaphambilisesiXhosa. (2)d) Usana,imveku,imfambilini.Nasiphiisivakalisiesamkelekileyo

esinala magama. (4)e) Akulahlwa mbeleko ngakufelwa. (2)f ) Kwintlanganiso nabazali, kufuneka umzali abuze utitshala malunga

nenkqubela-phambili yomntwana wakhe (2)g) Sisahluloesithilekwicandelolaseburhulumenteni.Isebe

lemvula,lomthi. (2)[20]

Umsebenzi wesi-5 UkushwankathelaIsishwankatheloSebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisishwankatheloengasentla.


38

IKOTA yesI-2

Isahluko sesi-4Ezemidlala 32

Isahluko sesi-5Unxibelewano 38

Umsebenzi osesikweniUviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni 49



Ingulowo nalowo uneetalente neziphiwo zakhe. Singabantu sizibalula kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bazibalula emidlalweni, abanye ekuculeni, abanye ekufundeni ukanti abanye emidanisweni.

Apha sibona umdlalo weqakamba apho uMakhaya Ntini aphosa kuyo ibhola. Sibona amandla athi awasebenzise ekuphoseni kwakhe. Sibona nomqhokri ezimisele ukuba uza kudla ngephini iapile lasejava.

Iveki ye-11–12


Udliwano-ndlebe Incoko yababiniIndlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokuchazelaabafundiukubaudliwano-

ndlebe luthotho lwemibuzo xa ufuna ulwazi oluthile ngomba othile.Iintathelizilusebenzisakakhuluudliwano-ndlebe.

• Ungenzaumzekelongokuthiubenodliwano-ndlebenomfundiothileeklasini yakho. Mbuze imibuzo elula aya kukwazi ukuyiphendula.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukuba iingcinga neengcamango zabo zilandelelane. Chazela abafundiukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixube izivakalisi zakhe.Makasebenzise izivakalisi ezifutshane kunye nezivakalisi ezide. Izivakalisiezide ubanazo xa uthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngoko ukubaazi ukuba izivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukuba izivumelanisi azisebenzisisayo kufuneka zivumelane nezivakalisizakhe. Chaza ukuba izivumelanisi zentloko nezenjongosenzi zidalaunxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisi nesenzi naphakathi kwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayo kwizivakalisi zakhe kufuneka ziludale olu nxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukho olu nxulumano intetho yomfundi ayisayi kuvakala kwaye akukhontsingiselo eya kubakho koko akubhalileyo okanye akuthethayo.

• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenzeintsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye. Ezinye iingcingazingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathi yabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelananoko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze oko akubhalayo nakuthethayokube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwaye kunceda nasekukholelekenikweengongomaaxoxelaphezukwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshe zolwimi kunye namaqhalo nezaci namabinza athile kufunekakukhethwe ngobuchule ukuze okubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabinamdintsi natyheneba. Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwaziukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.

• Hlulaabafundingababinibazebenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Hlolalomsebenzingalerubrikhiilandelayo.

IKOTA YESI-2

Isahluko sesi-4: ezemidlalo


40I K O T A y e s I - 2 • i s a h l u k o s e s i - 4 • i V e k i y e - 1 1 – 1 2

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elo

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7 (8

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a




Iindlela zokufunda: Ukufunda ngokukhawulezaUkufundela ukuqonda: iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukufundangokukhawulezaokwenziwekwizifundoezingasentla

kunye nabafundi.• Ukubauyathandaungabanikaisicatshulwaofunabasifunde

ngokukhawuleza baze bakuchazele ingcinga ephambili okanyeiinkcukacha zesicatshulwa eso. Xoxani ngalo msebenzi. Wakwaneliseka,ungafunda kunye nabafundi ibalana elisencwadini yabo.

• Abafundimabakhetheamagamaabangawaziyo.Makunikweiintsingiselozala magama baze abafundi bazibhale kwiiibhanki zabo zamagama.

• Makuxoxwengentsingiseloyesicatshulwa.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:Imidlalo kule mihla ithathelwe phezulu. Akukho didi lamdlalo apho abaNtsundubangazibonakalisikuwo.Ubabonakwimidlaloeyahlukeneyokwaye bayazimisela xa bedlala.


Uncwadi: Iimpawu zedramaUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuisakhiwosedramakunyenabafundibakho.Bayalele

ukuba bachaze ukuba idrama yakhiwa njani. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenzeumzekelo ngencwadi yedrama abafundi abayifunde kwibanga elidlulileyo.

• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abakhe bazifundayo nabasazaziyo.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawu qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho balulandele uphawuebelufundiswa.

• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Nikaabafundiithuba elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi. Jikeleza phakathi kwabouqinisekise ukuba wonke umfundi uyasebenza.

• Ncedaabobafundibangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Umfundiozithandelayoangafundaumsebenziwakhe.Makuxoxwe

ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo nengachanekanga. Khuthaza abafundi bakhoukuba xa bexoxa ngencwadi kufuneka bacaphule encwadini kwaye konkeabakuxoxayo kufuneka bazixhase ngokubhalwe ngumbhali.

• Thathaiincwadizabouzeuzihloleusebenzisairubrikhiephantsikokuhlolwa kwenoveli.


Ukubhala udliwano-ndlebeImihlathi: Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebeIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyakonkeokuthethekudliwano-ndlebengasentla.



• Bakhumbuzenjaloabafundingenkquboyokubhalaxabezakubhalaumsebenzi.

• Bachazeleukubakubalulekileukubakuqalakufunekaecwangciseiingcinga zakhe, amagama aza kuwasebenzisa xa ebhala.

• Nikaabafundiithubalokubabenzeuyilolwabolokuqala.Umfundimakafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.

• Makulungisweiziphosonolwimiolusetyenziswengumfundi.• Yibethelelekubafundiintoyokumaamagamaasetyenziswayonachongiweyo

ahamba nenjongo yomsebenzi kunye nabantu ekujoliswe kubo.• Phindaubetheleleukwakhiwakwezivakalisinokusetyenziswa

kwezivumelanisi.Ukulandelelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisineeengcinga neengcamango zomfundi xa ebhala.

• Umfundimakahlaziyeazeachokeleumsebenziwakhengengxeloayifumene kuwe nakwabanye abafundi.

• Makangeniseumsebenziwakheuzeuwuhlolengerubrikhiephantsikwesincoko ngasentla.

Iveki ye-13–14


Intetho elungiselelweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukufundiswakwentethookwenzengasentla.• Khuthazaabafundibakhoukubabenzeuphandongesihlokoabasinikiweyo

ukuze babe nolwazi oluphangaleleyo ngoko baza kuthetha ngako.• Bakhuthazeukubabathethenjengokokukhoiminyewuengafuni

kuthetha phambi kwabanye abafundi.• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuqaphelainjongoyomsebenzi

kunyenabantuekujoliswekubo.Okukuncedaukubaakwaziukuchongaisigama aza kuthetha ngaso.

• Wonkeumfundimakanikweithubalokuthetha.Hlolaumsebenzingerubrikhi ephantsi kwentetho ngasentla.


Ukubhala isishwankatheloIndlela yokufundisaHlaziyaisishwankathelonabafundi.Bethelelakubafundiukubaukushwankathela asikokuguqula iingcinga zombhali koko kukwenza mfutshane oko akubhalileyo.• Yibetheleleintoyokubakubalulekileukubaxabeshwankathelababhale

amagama afunwayo.• Okunyeabanokukwenzaabafundixabeshwankathelakukubhala

iiingongomazabongokulandelelana.Basenokungabhalaimhlathixabeshwankathela.Okubalulekileyongamagamaafunwayonokusebenzisaawabo amazwi xa beshwankathela.

• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Ukubauyathandaungacelaabafundi abambalwa bafunde imisebenzi yabo. Makuxoxwengemisebenzi yabafundi. Xa kunikwa ingxelo kumsebenzi womfundimakwenziwe oko ngovakalelo nangokwakhayo.

• Thathaiincwadizabouzikorekishe.Sebenzisairubrikhiephantsikwesishwankathelo ukuhlola lo msebenzi.




Uncwadi: Iimpawu zedramaIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaumxholokunyenokubunjwakwabalinganiswakwincwadi

yedramakunyenabafundibakho.Bayaleleukubabachazeukubaidramayakhiwa njani. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngencwadiyedrama abafundi abayifunde kwibanga elidlulileyo.


• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawu qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho balulandele uphawuebelufundiswa.



ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo nengachandekanga. Khuthaza abafundi bakhoukuba xa bexoxa ngencwadi kufuneka bacaphule encwadini kwaye konkeabakuxoxayo kufuneka bazixhase ngokub halwe ngumbhali.

• Thathaiincwadizabouzeuzihloleusebenzisairubrikhiephantsikokuhlolwa kwenoveli.


Isincoko esibalisayoIzincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Abafundimabaqalebayokuphandangesihlokoabasinikiweyo.Xasele

benalo ulwazi ngokwamaqela mabaxoxe ngeengongoma abaza kubhalelaphezu kwazo.

• Ezingongomamazicwangciswengokwemephuyengqondoukuzebakwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo.

• Xaiqelaligqibilemalifundeleiklasiokobelithethangako.Bancediseaphoubonayo ukuba abacwangcisanga ngokufanelekileyo okanye iingcingaeziphambili azihambi neengcinga ezixhasayo.

• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyaboukuzebaziisakhiwosesincoko.

• Bayaleleabafundiukubamababhaleuyilolwabolokuqalabesebenzisaimephuyengqondo.Oluyilomalufundweeklasini.Umfundimakafundeuyilo lwakhe.

• Elilixeshalokokubakulungisweiziphosoezenziwengumfundi,ulwimi alusebenzisileyo, imigaqo yegrama ethi ivumelane nolwimi ololusetyenzisiweyo.Ulwimialusebenzisayoumfundiluzakuxomekekakuhlobolwesincoko asibhalayo kwaye izimvo zakhe mazinamathelane zilandelelane.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisi kwenza ukuba iingcinga neengcamango zabo zilandelelane.Chazela abafundi ukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufunekaazixube izivakalisi zakhe. Makasebenzise izivakalisi ezifutshane kunye


44I K O T A y e s I - 2 • i s a h l u k o s e s i - 4 • y e - 1 3 – 1 4

nezivakalisi ezide. Izivakalisi ezide ubanazo xa uthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngoko ukuba azi ukuba izivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukuba izivumelanisi azisebenzisisayo kufuneka zivumelane nezivakalisizakhe. Chaza ukuba izivumelanisi zentloko nezenjongosenzi zidalaunxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisi nesenzi naphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelani azisebenzisayo kwizivakalisi zakhe kufuneka ziludaleolu nxulumano. Thetha ngezivumelanisi zeziphawuli, ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakala kwaye akukho ntsingiselo eya kubakho koko akubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.

• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinye iingcinga ezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayo nakuthethayo kube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.


• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiephantsikwesincokoesixoxayo.



Zininzi iindlela esithi sinxibelelane ngazo. Kule mihla unxibelelwano lukhula yonke imihla. Akusafani nakudala apho kwakubhalwa iileta ezazihamba iintsukuphambikokubazifikekuwe.Namhlanjesithethangoo“Facebook”,oo“Twitter”,ii-imeyileiisms,ndibalantonina.

AphakulekhathunisibonaumdlaliwaseYiphuthaelelengomqolo.UmdlaliweqelaiBafanaBafanalikhwelephezukwesisungezihlanguzozibiniebonisa uloyiso. Kule khathuni, kuboniswa ukuba uMzantsi Afrika uloyisile iqelalaseYiphutha.OkusikubonangovuyoolubhalweebuswenibomdlaliweBafanaBafanaokhwelephezukomdlaliwaseYiphutha.

Iveki ye-15–16


Iincoko zababini ezingekho sikweniIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukwenziwakwencokonokubhalwakwencokookuchazwe

ngasentla.• Buzaabafundiumahlukophakathikwencokoezingekhosikweninezo

zisesikweni. Zininzi iimpendulo oya kuzifumana kubafundi.• Bethelelaukuchongwakwamagamanokusetyenziswakolwimi

nokulandelelana kweengcinga neengcamango zabafundi.• Abafundikufunekabechazelweukubaukunikanaamathubaokuthetha

sisakhono esibalulekileyo nesifunekayo. Kufuneka umntu umnike ithubalokuthetha kwaye myeke agqibe ukuthetha nokokuba ayivakali loonto ayithethayo. Akugqiba ukuthetha zama ukumlungisa sokumngenaemlonyeni esathetha.

• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Banikeithubaelaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi. Nika bonke abafundi ithuba lokuthetha.


Ukutolika izicatshulwa ezibonwayoUkufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo (umzekelo izibhengezo, iikhathuni, imifanekiso)Indlela yokufundisa• Phindauchazeleabafundiukubaimifanekiso,iikhathuniizibhengezo,

iigrafu, iitshati, iimephu nokunye zezinye zezixhobo esithi sinxibelelanengazo. Ezi zixhobo zisinika ulwazi kwaye zilola nengqondo yethu.

• Ungezanezakhoiikhathunieklasiniuzewanduleuyaleleabafundiukuba kutolikwe ezi khathuni. Noxa ezinye zihlekisa kukho umyalezoeziwugqithisayo kumfundi.

• Xoxaningeekhathuniezo.Abafundibangezanezabo.• Xabelandelafundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxani

ngolu lwazi. Abafundi bangongeza ezabo iimbono koko sele kuchaziweencwadini xa bekutolikwa ikhathuni. Qwalasela ukuba ulwaziabalongezaqyo; luhambelana noko kuzotywe kwikhathuni.

IKOTA YESI-2

Isahluko sesi-5: Unxibelelwano



• Xabelandelaungabahlulangokwamaqelalizeiqelangalinyelitolikeokubhalwe kwikhathuni.

• Xaegqibileamaqelaiqelangalinyemalichazeleiklasiokobelixoxangako.• Shwankathelalomsebenzingokubhalazonkeiingongomaezichanekileyo

ebhodini. Abafundi mabakhuphele ezi ngongoma encwadini yakho.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:Apha kuboniswa ukuba uMetcalfe noMunusany bonele ngokwenzeka kwiSebeleMfundoePhakamileyoelilawulwanguBlade,ngokobafunaukuhamba kulo. Indlela esi sibini esizotywe ngayo side solula nezandla zazo ukubonisa ukuba kwanele ngoku. Akuphelelanga apho kuboniswa nokubalekakwaboukubaabasafunikwaphelaukuhlalakwelisebe.UBladeyena uboniswa ebambelele phezulu ngesandla esinye nto leyo ephuhlisa ukuba noko akanamandla aneleyo okuqanda esi sibini, ufane nje waxhasa ngesandla sakhe esinye.


Uncwadi: Iimpawu zedrama Ufundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiintlobozalinganiswakwincwadiyedramakunyenabafundi

bakho.Bayaleleukubabachazeukubaidramayakhiwanjani.Zibhaleebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngencwadi yedrama abafundi abayifundekwibanga elidlulileyo.


• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekomnye umlinganiswa qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho banolwazioluphangaleleyo ngomlinganiswa othile.



ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo.


Ukubhala ileta yokucela nokubhala ileta yesicelo somsebenziImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso

Indlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalalomsebenzingokubabuzaukubazeziphiiindlela

abazisebenzisayoxabecelaizintoebantwini.Bachazeleukubakubalulekile ukuba ubani athethe ngendlela ephucukileyoneyamkelekileyo xa esenza isicelo.

• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.



• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundiukuba izivakalisi zabo kufuneka ziphefumlelane kwaye zinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukuba iingcinga neengcamango zabo zilandelelane. Chazela abafundiukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixube izivakalisizakhe. Makasebenzise izivakalisi ezifutshane kunye nezivakalisi ezide.Izivakalisi ezide ubanazo xa uthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekilengoko ukuba azi ukuba izivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukuba izivumelanisi azisebenzisisayo kufuneka zivumelane nezivakalisizakhe. Chaza ukuba izivumelanisi zentloko nezenjongosenzi zidalaunxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisi nesenzi naphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelani azisebenzisayo kwizivakalisi zakhe kufuneka ziludaleolu nxulumano.Thetha ngezivumelanisi zeziphawuli, ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakala kwaye akukho ntsingiselo eya kubakho koko akubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.

• Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinye iingcinga ezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayo nakuthethayo kube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.

• Fundisangolwimiolusetyenziswakuleleta.Ulwimiolusetyenziswayokolu hlobo lweleta lulwimi olusesikweni njengoko ungamazi lowoumbhalelayo.

• Korekishalomsebenzingegridiephantsikweletayesikhalazo.

Ileta yesicelo somsebenzi

Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso.

Indlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletayaseburhulumenteningasentla.• Fundakunyenomfundizonkeiingongomaezibhalwengasentla.• Sebenzisaigridiukuhlolalomsebenzi.




Iileta zorhwebo: Ileta yoku-odola neleta yentengoImhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/isivi neleta eyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso.

a) Ileta yoku-odola• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletayaseburhulumenteningasentla.

Fundanomfundizonkeiingongomaezibhalwengasentla

b) Ileta yentengo• Hlaziyaukubhalwakweletayaseburhulumenteningasentla.• Fundakunyenomfundizonkeiingongomaezibhalwengasentla• Sebenzisaigridiukuhlolalomsebenzi.



Iveki ye-17–18


Ingxoxo yephaneliIndlela yokuqhutywa kwesifundo• Hlaziyaukuqhutywakwengxoxoebekwenziwengasentlanabafundi.• Fundanaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabooluzakubanikaulwazimalunga

nokuba ingxoxo.• Xaabafundibethetha,bethelelaokukulandelayo:

– Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisi kwenza ukuba iingcinga neengcamango zabozilandelelane. Chazela abafundi ukuba xa umntu ebhala okanyeethetha kufuneka azixube izivakalisi zakhe. Makasebenzise izivakalisiezifutshane kunye nezivakalisi ezide. Izivakalisi ezide ubanazo xauthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngoko ukuba azi ukubaizivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.

– Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelane nezivakalisi zakhe. Chaza ukuba izivumelanisi zentlokonezenjongosenzi zidala unxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisinesenzi naphakathi kwesenzi kunye nenjongosenzi yesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhe kufuneka ziludale olu nxulumano. Thetha ngezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointetho yomfundi ayisayi kuvakala kwaye akukho ntsingiselo eyakubakho koko akubhalileyo okanye akuthethayo.

– Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinye iingcinga ezisemhlathini zingcinga ezixhasayo. Imihlathiyabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyonangokufanelekileyo.

– Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayo nakuthethayo kube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.

– Shwankathela lo msebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo.




Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuphuhlisa isigama Uphuhliso lwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokukukoIndlela yokufundisaKhumbuza abafundi bakho ukuba isigama sibaluleke kakhulu kwintetho nasekubhaleni kungoko kubalulekile ukuba akwazi ukuchonga isigama esifanele oko akuthethayo nakubhalayo.

1. Izifanokuthi/izithetha-ntonye• Hlaziyaamagamaazizifanokuthikunyenabafundi.• Abafundimabanikeeyaboimizekelobazebenzeizivakalisi

ngamagamaabawanikileyo.Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.

• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibongezeimizekelo.Ngemizekeloabayinikileyo mabenze izivakalisi.

• Xabelandelamakwenziweumsebenziolandelayo.2. Izichasi

• Hlaziyaizichasinabafundi.bayalelebakunikeamagamakunyenezichasi zawo.

• Mabenzeizivakalisingezizichasi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeminyeimizekelo.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.

3. Izafobe• Chazelaabafundiukubaizafobesizisebenzisakakhulukwintetho

yethu nasekubhaleni. Zityebisa ulwimi esziluthethayo nesilubhalayo.• Bachazeleukubaizafobeziziindidingeendidikwayezonkezenza

umsebenzi omnye koko kubhaliweyo ukutyebisa intetho.• Izafobezinikaimifanekiso-ntelekelelokulowoumameleyo.• Iimbongizethuzithandakakhuluukusebenzisaizafobeukuphuhlisa

oko zifuna ukukuphuhlisa nezifuna sikuqaphele.• Fundaulwaziolusencwadininabafundi.Xoxaningolulwazi.

Thatha ixesha usenza lo msebenzi. Kukho izafobe ebesikadesingazikhathalelangaesiXhoseni.Yenzelaabafundiimizekeloeminizi.Xa beqonda, nabo baya kukwazi ukuzenzela eyabo imizekelo.

• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Bhalazonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyo ebhodini ukuze abafundi babe nokukwazi ukwenzaizilungiso.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezichazi-magamaIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukusetyenziswakwesichazi-magamanabafundi.• Banikeamagamauzeubayaleleukubamabenzeizichazi-magamazabo.• Makuxoxwengendlelaabathebawlandelelanisangayoamagamalawo.• Fundaulwaziolusencwadinikunyenabafundi.• Xoxaningolulwaziuzeunikeabafundiamanyeamagama

abanokuwafakakwizichazi-magama.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.Bhala

iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ebhodini

a) i) onembeko, onesimilo nohloniphayo.ii) olixelegu lexaxavithi



iii) ulikroti legorhaiv) iyandivuyisa indonwabisav) kwakusweleka ngokubhubha

b) i) wayonwabile, wayekhathazekileii) uyalila, ethuleiii) ixelegu, olihombaiv) ndilambile, bahluthi

c) Moyisimakroti,mqhokriziingqondo–imfano-zandiNditsho nookhohlel’ esingeni cimi – isifanadumoUfikaungalindelwanga,uthinca–sisifanadumoKunyangw’ isif ’ esingathi siyabonwa – isifanisoNgathi siyaziwa, neentelezi zilungiswe – isifanisoNgaphantsi uthe gedle uzimele – isifanadumo

Sif ’esithen’esinganyangekiyo?–umbuzo-bucikoEyakh’ ivangel’ imini nobusuku – isimntwisoIsidla-kudlasomf ’esingahluthiyo–isimntwisoYen’ukhaphel’edlakenikuphela–isimntwiso

d) i) (in) tsathalalaii) (uku) vandla


Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi, iziphumlisiUphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi ngokukukoIndlela yokufundisa1. Izibizo

• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaiintlobozezibizoabazaziyo.Bhalaisibizongasinyeesixelwangabafundi.Mabenzeizivakalisingezibizo ezo bazinikileyo.

• Bayaleleukubabahlahleleizibizoabazinikileyo.• Bethelelaukubaisimaphambilikunyenesimamvasiyayiguqula

ingcambu okanye isiqu sesibizo.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizibizoezakhiwekwezinyeizigabazentetho• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.

Chitha ixesha usenza lo msebenzi bade abafundi baqonde.• Gqithelakwizibizoezimbaxa.Banikeimizekelonabomabanike

imizekelo baze benze izivakalisi ngemizekelo abayinikileyo.• Fundaniulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.

2. Izimelabizo• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaiintlobozezimelabizo

abazaziyo.Bhalaebhodiniizimelabizoezobazebandulebenzeimizekelo.

• Ungababuzaukubayintoniumsebenziwezimelabizokwayezimandawonikwizivakalisi.Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.

• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeyaboimizekelo.• Mabenzeizivakalisingemizekeloabayinikileyo.Xauqinisekile

ukuba abafundi bayalandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.Bachazeleukubanizakufundangesimelabizosoqobo.



a) Isimelabizo soqobo• Ukubabakhoabafundiabasikhumbulayoisimelabizosoqobo

mabanike imizekelo yaso baze benze izivakalisi ngemizekelo leyobayinikileyo.

• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeubethelelekwigama elibhalwe ngqindili wandule uchaze nokuba lakhiwenjani.

• Xoxaningolwaziolusencwadiniyabafundibazeabafundibenzeizivakalisi ngezimelabizo ezidweliswe ngokwamahlelo.

• Xauqinisekileukubabayalandelangqithelakwisimelabizoesilandelayo.

b) Isimelabizo sokwalathaIsimelabizo sokukhomba kwaye ubachazele ukuba sikhombakathathu.Yalelaabafundiukubabakunikeimizekelo.Mabenzeizivakalisingemizekeloabayinikileyo.Fundakengokuencwadiniyabo uze ubethelele kwigama elibhalwe ngqindili wanduleuchaze nokuba lakhiwe njani. Xoxani ngokusencwadini yabafundibaze abafundi benze izivakalisi ngezimelabizo ezidweliswengokwamahlelo. Xa uqinisekile ukuba bayalandela gqithelakwisimelabizo esilandelayo.

c) Isimelabizo soquko• Isimelabizosoqukokwayesineziquezithathuezizezi:-nke,-dwa

namanani.• Yalelaabafundiukubabakunikeimizekelo.Mabenzeizivakalisi

ngemizekelo abayinikileyo.• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeubethelelekwigama

elibhalwe ngqindili wandule uchaze nokuba lakhiwe njani.• Xoxaningolwaziolusencwadiniyabafundibazeabafundibenze

izivakalisi ngezimelabizo ezidweliswe ngokwamahlelo.• Xauqinisekileukubabayalandelangqithelakwisimelabizo

esilandelayo.d) Izimelabizo zochazo

• Dlulelakwizimelabizosochazonokubazivelakwiziphawuli,kwizibalulinakwizimnini.Yalelaabafundiukubabakunikeimizekelo.

• Mabenzeizivakalisingemizekeloabayinikileyo.• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeubethelelekwigama

elibhalwe ngqindili wandule uchaze nokuba lakhiwe njani.• Xoxaningolwaziolusencwadiniyabafundibazeabafundibenze

izivakalisi ngezimelabizo ezidweliswe ngokwamahlelo.• Xauqinisekileukubabayalandelamakwenziweumsebenzi

osencwadini.


Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimiIndlela yokufundisa1. Izichazi

a) Isiphawuli• Bachazeleukubaiziphawulizimbalwakakhuluungazibhala

ebhodini. Mabakunike iziphawuli abazaziyo uze uzibhaleebhodini.Yongezaezobazishiyileyo.



• Abafundimabenzeizivakalisingalemizekelo.Kwimizekeloabayenzileyo mabachonge zonke izivumelanisi ezikhoyo.

• Xaubonaukubabayalandelafundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadini yabo. Xoxani ngolu lwazi baze abafundi benzeizivakalisi ezininzi ngeziphawuli.

• Xauqinisekileukubabayalandelaungadlulelakumsebenziolandelayo.

b) Isibaluli• Chazeleabafundiukubakukhoizibalulizoqobokunyenezakhiwe

kwezinyeizigaba-zentetho.• Banikeimizekelobazebenzeizivakalisingemizekeloleyo

uyinikileyo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabooluphantsi

kwesibaluli. Chitha ixesha usenza lo msebenzi bade abafundibalandele.

• Xoxaningolwazibazeabafundibenzeezaboizivakalisi.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.

c) Isimnini• Hlaziyaizimnininabafundi.Fundakunyenabafundiulwazi

olusencwadini yabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibongezeeyaboimizekelo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.Xa

belandela gqithela kumsebenzi olandelayo.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.

d) Izichazi zokukumbi• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaiziquzokukumbi

abazaziyo.• Ukubaakukhonamnyeokhumbulayobhalaiziquezoebhodini

baze abafundi benze izivakalisi ngazo.• Kwisichazisokukumbiabasisebenzisileyomabachonge

isivumelanisi sokukumbi.• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazi

baze abafundi bongeze ngeyabo imizekelo.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Banike

ixesha elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi.

2. Iziphumlisi• Hlaziyanabafundiiziphumlisinizenixoxengolwaziolumalunga

neziphumlisi olusencwadini yabo.• Abafundimabanikeimizekeloeliqelakwimekonganye.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Banikeimisebenziemininzi

bade baqhele ukusebenzisa iziphumlisi ezifanelekileyo kwimekoefanelekileyo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: 1. a) Mzikayise–umzi–isibizo,kayise-isimnini

b) Zona–isimelabizosoqobo,lonke,isimelabizosoquko,le-isimelabizosokwalatha.

c) Le – ibonisa into ekufuphi kumntu othethayo nakulowo kuthethwanaye.

d) Ii-,um-,e) ubudengef ) abandingqongileyo, othembekileyo – isibaluli, bam, wam, lwam,

kamama – isimnini



2. Enye yezinto ezinqabileyo zezokuba akukho lwazi lwaneleyo lusasazwayongokwazisa. Izixhobo zixhomile kwaye iibhanki azifumani ndlelaecacileyoyokunikaimali-mboleko.Nangonakukhoobubunzimaeyonanto yeyokuba urhwebo oluninzi loluNtsundu, kungoko ingumdlawamashishini okwazisa ukufuna abagqatswa abaninzi abaNtsunduabangenalwazi lorhwebo kuphela koko abathetha ulwimi oluya kuthilwenze urhwebo lube lula.


Uncwadi: Iimpawu zedramaUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabonabafundi.Sebenzisani

incwadi eyalathelwe abafundi niqwalalsele ukuba incwadi yombhaliingadlaleka eqongeni kusini na. Xoxani kuvokotheke ngalo mba.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekomnye umlinganiswa qinisekisa ukuba abafundi bakho banolwazioluphangaleleyo ngomlinganiswa othile.



ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo nengachanekanga. Khuthaza abafundi bakhoukuba xa bexoxa ngencwadi kufuneka bacaphule encwadini kwaye konkeabakuxoxayo kufuneka bazixhase ngokubhalwe ngumbhali.


Isigxeko-ncomo (irivyu)Imihlathi: Ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniIndlela yokufundisa• Xauzakufundisanayiphiincwadiephambikwakhoqalauhlalutye

isihlokosayokunyenabafundibakho.Babuzeukubaisihlokoesosithethantoni. Ingaba ulindele ukuba umxholo wencwadi okanye oko azakukufundayo kuza kuthetha ngantoni.

• Emvakokothethangemifanekisoukubaikhonba.• Thethangombhalookwisiqukumbeloesisencwadini.Bachazeleukuba

ubaluleke kangakanani ekuthelekeleleni okuza kuthethwa ngumbhali.• Emvakokofundakunyenaboulwaziolungemvaencwadiniukuba

alukhpoalunamsebenzi.Kwezinyeiincwadialukhoolulwazi.Olulwazilukunika ulwazi ngombhali wencwasdi nangeencwadi athe wazibhalakunye namabal’ engwe ngale incwadi iphambi kswakho.

• Xausukaaphofundaiziqulathookanyeizalathisookukuzakukuncedawazi ukuba umbhali uza kugangatha entwenini.

• Ungafundanomhlathiwokuqalawencwadi.Nawouyakukrobisakokokuza kuxoxwa encwadini. Zibethelele kakhulu ezi zinto kumfundi kubaziza kwenza ayilandele ngcono incwadi, kwazye uya kuthi eyifunda abesele enofifana ngokuza kubaliswa nokuza kwenzeka encwadini leyo.Phambikokubaufundenayiphiincwadikukhoiindlelazokufumanaukuba incwadi ingantoni.



• Yenzaimizekelongeencwadiezikhoyoeklasiniyakhookanyeezoabafundi bakhe bazifunda kwamanye amabanga.

• Fundaulwaziolusencwadininabousenzaumzekelongencwadiephambi kwakho.

• Ukubaabakayifundiincwadiabayalathelweyoungasebenzisayonaukucazulula izinto ekuthethwe ngazo ngasentla.

• Xaabafundibelandelaungabahlulangababinibenzeumsebenziosencwadini yabo.

• Isibiningasinyemasinikeiklasiingxeloyomsebenziwaso.• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Xakunikwaingxelo

kumsebenzi wabo makwenziwe oko ngokwakhayo nangemvakalelo.


56I K O T A y e s I - 2 • u V i W o l W a P h a k aT h i e N ya k e N i


Iveki ye-19–20

Umsebenzi wesi-5 Intetho engalungiselelwangaa) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola intetho xa uhlola lo msebenzi. (15)b) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola intetho xa uhlola lo msebenzi. (20)

Umsebenzi wesi-6Uviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni

IphEphA lOKU-1Icandelo AUmsebenzi woku-1: Uvavanyo lokuqonda1. Apha sibona uMpathiswa wezezimali kunye noosomashishini

betshayelela imali beyifaka emigqomeni. Abanye oosomashishinibaphethe iimophu. Intsingiselo yoku kukuba makucocwe onkeamatyala. Xa ubani ewacutha okanye ewaphelisa amatyala, okokuthethaukubauzakukwaziukugcinaimali.Ukantixaenamatyalaamaninzi. akasayi kukwazi ukugcina imali. (5)

2. a) UmdlalophakathikweqelaleBafanaBafananeFransi. (1)b) AphayayilukhuphiswanolweNdebeyeHlabathilweBhola

eKhatywayo. Apha kwakuqubisene uMzantsi Afrika nelizwelaseFransi. (1)

c) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Thatha ezo zenzaintsingiselo kwaye esixhasiweyo. (1)

d) Ewe babonakala ngokuvuthela iiVuvuzela nokucula ngamanyeamaxesha. (2)

e) Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kumfundi. (2)f ) Lwavuya kakhulu kuba iqela lesizwe lakwazi ukuzibonakalisa

kwamanye amazwe. (2)g) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)h) Lumanayano nobumbano. (2)i) Imidlalo iyakwazi ukudibanisa isizwe. (2)

(15)[20]

Umsebenzi wesi-2: Ulwimia) Kushushu – kuyabanda

Ehlala – enyukaUlwelo–nomkhenkce (4)

b) Amachaphaza – chapha (2)c) Amatyana – bonisa ubungakanani bobuninzi. (1)d) Ingcibi yamanzi ifa ngamanzi, eyezikhali ifa zizikhali (2)e) La–Isalatha-ndawosentoekufuphikumntuothethayonakulowo

kuthethwa naye. (2)f ) Ichaphaza, iphahla, amanzi (3)

IKOTA YESI-2

Uviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni



g) Oqinileyo,elikhenkcekileyo–izibaluli;zomkhenkce,emvula,esichotya,lemvula,lesichotho–isimnini (4)

h) Iqhaqahazelisa amazinyo. (1)i) Zisetyenziswe kwizivakalisi ezide. (1)

(20)[40]

Icandelo BUmsebenzi woku-1: UshwankatheloSebenzisa irubrikhi ekhoyo kule ncwadi ukuhlola lo msebenzi. [10]

Icandelo C1, C2 noC3 [80]QAPHELA: Akuzi kubhakho zimpendulo njengoko kungekho mibuzo.

IphEphA lESI-2: UKUBhAlAIcandelo A (60)Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko ekhoyo kule ncwadi.

Icandelo B (60)a) –c) Sebenzisa iigridi zokuhlola iileta ekhoyo kule ncwadi.d) Sebenzisa igridi yokuhlola ingxelo ekhoyo kule ncwadi.e) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola uncwadi ekhoyo kule ncwadi.f ) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko. (30 x 2 = 60)


58

IKOTA yesI-3

Isahluko sesi-6Ungcoliseko 52

Isahluko sesi-7Umculo 56

Isahluko sesi-8Umbane nokhuseleko 68

uhlolo olusesikweni 73



Xa kuthethwa ngongcoliseko lommandla kuthethwa ngongcoliseko lomhlaba, lomoya nolwamanzi. Ezi zinto zingcoliswa ngabantu kunye nezilwanyana. Amanzi ikakhulu angcoliswa yimisebenzi yabantu kunye nezilwanyana ezifana neenkomo nezinye ezithi zisele emilanjeni zize zishiye ubulongwe bazo apho. Zininzi izinto ezingcolisa amanzi. Umoya nawo siyawungcolisa ngemisebenzi esiyenzayo nomhlaba ngokunjalo.

Kule foto sibona umlambo omdaka kwaye kucacile akukho mpilo njengoko iintlanzi zibonakala zifile. Amanzi amdaka kucacile ukuba ayayibulala indalo.

Iveki yama-21–22

Umsebenzi woku-1 ukuphulaphula nokuthetha

Iintlanganiso neenkqubo zentlanganisoUkuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango elandelwayo yentlanganiso

Indlela yokufundisa• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaabafundibakhoukubazeziphi

iintlanganisoabakhebazihamba.Buzaukubaezintlanganisoziqhutywanjani. Nika ithuba lokokuba kuphendule abafundi abaninzi kulo mba.

• Bachazeleukubakwintlanganisokulandelwai-ajenda.Zonkeiiintlanganiso zimele ukuba neajenda kwaye kufuneka amalungu ayeentlanganiswenieyazii-ajendaokokukuthibeyaziintoezakuxoxwaentlanganisweni.

• Fundakunyenaboi-ajendaesencwadiniyabo.Ukubabanemibuzoemalunga neajenda baphendule.

• Baxeleleukubaintlanganisoibanosihlalokwayenguyeolawulaukuhamba kwentlanganiso.

• Entlanganiswenikufunekakukhononobhalaozakubhalaimizuzuleyoyentlanganiso.

• Usihlalowentlanganisoulandelai-ajenda.Phambikokubakuxoxwekufundwai-ajendaazeusihlaloaceleamalunguukubaabenemicimbiayongezayokwi-ajendaleyo.Lemicimbiiyakuxoxwaukubangabalibekhoixeshanjengokointlanganisoimiselweixeshanezakuphumangalo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubaezinyeii-ajendazibanawonamaxeshaekuzakuxovulwangawoumbaothilekungokousihlalokufunekaeyilawulengobuchuleintlanganisokwayeajongenexeshaelithatrhwengumbaothileukuzeokokubhalwekwi-ajendakubenokufezekiswa.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubaisigamaesisetyenziswayosixhomekekakwimo nakwimeko yentlanganiso leyo.

• Unobhalakufunekaabhaleokuvunyelwengakoentloanganisweni.Kufunekaabuphepheuburharhakunyeneziqhuloebezisetyenziswaentlanganisweninjengokoimizuzuiyirekhodiesemthwethweni.Kufuneka angafakeli ezakhe iingcinga.

IKOTA YESI-3

Isahluko sesi-6: ungcoliseko


60I K O T A y e s I - 3 • i s a h l u k o s e s i - 6 • i V e k i ya m a - 2 1 – 2 2

Umsebenzi wesi-2 ukufunda nokubukela

uvavanyo lokuqonda: ukunika intsingiselo yebaliUkufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo yeetekisi eziviwayoIndlela yokuqhutywa kwesifundo• Chazelaabafundiukubayonkeintonebhalwayoinomyalezo

ewugqithisayokubafundi.Kubalulekilengokoukubauyaziintoethethwayo ukuze ukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba bekuthethwa ngantoni.

• Ungathathanasiphiisicatshulwauzeusifundenabafundibakho.Xoxaningentsingiseloyesicatshulwaeso.Ungathathanokokubaliphepha-ndabanizenifundeinqakuelithile.Buzaabafundibakhoukubakuthethwangantoni.Ithiniintsingiseloyenqakuelo.

• Xabelandelaabafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: Xa inkunkuma neoyile zilahlwa, zingcolisa umhlaba kunye nolwandle. Ungcoliseko lungcolisa ummandla ococekileyo nonempilo. Ezinye zezinto ezingcolisayo ngamachiza afakwa ngamafama njengezichumisi. Amashishini, ulimo, iimoto namakhaya zongeza izingcolisi emhlabeni. Umoya namanzi ziyazithwala zize zithumele ezi zingcolisi kwiimbombo zone zomhlaba. Imigodi nayo ngokwayo iyawungcolisa umoya, amanzi kunye nomhlaba. Olu ngcoliseko luthwele iityhefu lubulala nendalo.


uncwadi: Iimpawu zedramaUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabonabafundi.Sebenzisani

incwadieyalathelweabafundiniqwalaseleukubaincwadiyombhaliingadlalekaeqongenikusinina.Xoxanikuvokothekengalomba.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekomnyeumlinganiswaqinisekisaukubaabafundibakhobanolwazioluphangaleleyo ngomlinganiswa othile.

• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Nikaabafundiithuba elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi. Jikeleza phakathi kwabouqinisekiseukubawonkeumfundiuyasebenza.


ngomsebenzi onikwe ngumfundi. Khumbula ukuba kuncwadi ayikhoimpendulo echanekileyo nengachanekanga. Khuthaza abafundi bakhoukubaxabexoxangencwadikufunekabacaphuleencwadinikwayekonkeabakuxoxayokufunekabazixhasengokubhalwengumbhali.



Umsebenzi wesi-4 ukubhala nokunikezela

Ileta eya kumhleli, i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso1. Inqaku eliya kumhleli

Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelo somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/isivineletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso

Indlela yokufundisa• AbafundikufunekabekwazileukubhalaamanqakuayakuMhleli

wephepha-ndabaokanyexabonakufunekababengabahlelibAmaphepha-ndaba. Kufuneka uyibethelele into yokuba kubalulekile oku kulandelayo:ngubani obhalayo, ebhalela bani, ubhala ntoni, uyibhala njani.

• Yizanamaphepha-ndabakunyeneemagazinieklasini.Bonisaabafundiamanqakuabhalelweumhlelingabantuabathile.Xoxaningalamanqaku.Xabelandelaabafundithethangenkquboyokubhala.

• Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.

• Hlaziyalonkeulwazioluphantsikweeletazaseburhulumentenikunyenabafundi.

• Landelanizonkeimingcebisokunyenamanyatheloekufunekaenziwenjengokokubhaliwephantsikwezileta.Korekishalomsebenzingegridiekhoyo kule ncwadi.

2. I-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso

Imhlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo/esesikweni (yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelon somsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/i-CVneletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso

Indlela yokufundisa• Fundakunyenabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabonizenixoxengolulwazi.• Abafundiabambalwabangazangaphambilibazokubhalaeyaboimizuzu

kunyenee-ajenda.Thethakakhulungezihlokoekufunekazikhokwimizuzu.• Thethangenkquboyokubhala.• Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnye

makafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundi

ukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumano,intethoyomfundiayisayi



kuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.


• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekuncedanasekukholelekenikweengongomaaxoxelaphezukwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.

• Bakhumbuzeukubauchongolwamagamaluxhomekekakwinjongonakubantu ekujoliswe kubo.

• Xauhlolalomsebenzijongaukubaokubhalwephantsikwezihlokwananjentlanganiso kunika intsingiselo eyiyo. Bethelela kwisakhiwo,kumxholonakukucwangciswakweengcamango.



Njengoko sahlukene, singabantu neziphiwo esinazo zahlukene. Zezi ziphiwo ezenza kube mnandi apha emhlabeni. Kaloku sihleli nje siyonwabisana ngeziphiwoesiziphiweyo.UmculowokholouyeubalaselaaphaeMzantsiAfrikakodwanoxakunjaloabantubathandaiintloboezahlukeneyozemiculo.

Aphasibonaiqelalomculowezokhololudyushalusonwabisainginginyayabantu.

Iveki yama-23–24


ukubalisa ibaliIndlela yokufundisa• Chazelaabafundiukubaxaubalisakufunekaungaziphindiiziganeko

osele uthethile ngazo.• Phambikokubaabalisekufunekaacwangciseiingcinganeengcamago

zakhe, kwaye azi ufuna ukubalisa ngantoni.• Xaeyaziintoazakubalisangayoangafunaulwazingokuthiaphande

nzulu ngesihloko eso aza kuthetha ngazo.• Xelelaabafundinukubazininziiindlelazokuphanda.Usenokubambaudliwano-

ndlebe, usenokwenza iphepha lemibuzo kwaye usenokuya kwithala leencwadi.Makasebenziseleyoaqondaukubaangafikelelalulakuyo.

• Xaebalisaibalichazelaumfundiekufunekaekwazileokufananoku:– Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnye

makafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.– Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelela

kubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagama athi enze intsingiselo. Ukunamathelana nokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthe wasebenzisa izihlanganisi. Kubalulekile ngoko ukuba azi ukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.

– Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakho koko akubhalileyo okanye akuthethayo.

– Bachazeleukubaumhlathiwakhiwayinqokelelayezivakalisiethiyenze intsingiselo. Kumhlathi ngamnye kubakho ingcinga enye.Ezinyeiingcingaezisemhlathinizingcingaezixhasayo.Imihlathi

IKOTA YESI-3

Isahluko sesi-7: umculo



yabo mayilandelelane kwaye inamathelane ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.

– Bethelela kubafundi ukuba kubalulekile ukuchonga isigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayonakuthethayokubenokuvakalakulowoufundayokwayekuncedanasekukholelekenikweengongomaaxoxelaphezukwazo.Bachazeleukusetyenziswakwezangotshezolwimikunyenamaqhalonezaci namabinzana athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigama esikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo siyakwazi ukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.

– Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiyokuhlolaintetho.


ukuphuhlisa isigamaUkufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokukukoIndlela yokufundisaa) Oomabizwafane

• Hlaziyaoomabizwafanenabafundi.• Mabakunikeamagamabazebenzeizivakalisingawo.Fundakunye

naboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Mabanikeimizekeloeliqelabazengemizekeloleyobayinikileyobenzeizivakalisi.

• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Bhalazonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoebhodiniukuzebenze

izilungiso.b) Oomabizwahluke

• Hlaziyaoomabizwahlukenabafundi.• Mabakunikeamagamabazebenzeizivakalisingawo.Fundakunye

naboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Mabanikeimizekeloeliqelabazengemizekeloleyobayinikileyobenzeizivakalisi.

• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Bhalazonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoebhodiniukuzebenze

izilungiso.c) Oontsingiselo-ninzi

• Hlaziyaamagamaaneentsingiseloezininzikunyenabafundi.• Ungabanikaigamaelinyebazebonabanikeiintsingiselozamagama

lawo.• Mabenzeizivakalisingalamagamaukuphuhlisaukubabayayazi

intsingiselo yawo.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeneminyeimizekelo.• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Abafundiabathandayobangafundaiimpendulozabo.

d) Isini sesiduna nesikhomokazi• Hlaziyaokukunyenabafundi.Mabakunikeimizekeloeliqela.• Mabenzeizivakalisiukubonisaukubabayayaziintsingiseloyala

amgama.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.



Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: 1. Izivakalisizabafundimaziphuhliseezintsingiselo.

a) Ithala–liliwa,yindawoekuxhonywakuyoizintob) Ukuhlutha – ukuthatha ngomdla, ukwanela wakuba utyilec) Iliso – apho kuphuma khona amanzi, ilungu lomzimbad) Umhlambi–isinxibosabakhwethaxabetshila,iqelaleentaka,

leenkomo, leegushae) Uthewa – indawo ekuhlala abantu, yingcaf ) Ingqina–ngumthetheleli,ukuphumakwamadodaesiyakuzingela

2. a) Ulwimi–ilungulomzimbaelisemlonyeni,yintethoyabantu,ubuxokib) Ityholo – sisigcume semithi engamininzanga ngohlobo lokuba kude

kuthiwe lihlathi, indawo yokusithela, yokuzimelac) ihlathi – yimithi ekhule ndawonye yee tshitshilili kwindawo enkulu,

nanyiphiintoeshinyeneyoebuboyanjengeendevuokanyeiinweled) umhlathi–ilungulomzimba,umhlathiwesivakalsie) Ilitye – elisendalweni, into elukhuni, umatshini wokusila, into

eyakhiwayookanyeixonwekubhalwezonkeizintozesikhumbuzosongasekhoyo ibekwe phezu kwengcwaba, iimbobo zomzi kanantsikuthiwa ngamatye: amatye alo mzi mane; akasibhozwanga!

3. a) Imazi/Umfazib) Umyenic) Induna


ukusetyenziswa kolwimiUkufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokukukoIndlela yokufundisa1. Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi nezenzi

• Xaufundisaizivakalisisebenzisaulwazilwangaphambiliabanaloabafundi• Zamangazozonkeiindlelazokubaumfundiakwaziukwahlula

phakathi kwentloko nenjongosenzi.• Okuungakwenzangokubabuzaukubainjongesenziimandawoni

kwisivakalisi.Umbuzoolandelayongowokubakuxakutheniukuzeinjongosenzi ithabathe indawo yentloko ize intloko ithathe indawoyenjongesenzi.

• Abafundimabenzeizivakalisiuzeubhaleizivakalisiezozaboebhodini.Mabachongekengokuintlokoyesivakalisi,isenzikunyenenjongosenzi.

• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazibaze bongeze imizekelo.

• Xabelandelamakugqithelwekumsebenziolandelayo.2. Izivumelanisi

Izivumelanisizezenzizibini.Kukhoisivumelanisisentlokonesivumelanisisenjongosenzi.a) Isivumelanisi sentloko

• Khumbuzaabafundingezivumelanisisentloko.Mabenzeizivakalisibazekwizivakalisiezobazenzileyobachongeizivumelanisi.

• Mabachazeukubaizivumelanisiezozezaluphiudidi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Xaubonaukubabayalandelayenzaumsebenziolandelayo.



b) Isivumelanisi senjongosenzi• Khumbuzaabafundingezivumelanisisenjongosenzi.Mabenze

izivakalisibazekwizivakalisiezobazenzileyobachongeizivumelanisi.• Mabachazeukubaizivumelanisiezozezaluphiudidi.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Xaubonaukubabayalandelayenzaumsebenziolandelayo.

3. Iindidi zezenzi• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokuyalelaabafundiukubabakunikeizenzi.• Bhalaebhodiniizenziezouzewanduleukuzihlelangokweendidizazo.• Bachazeleukubaizenzizihlelwangokwamalunguazo.Xabelandela

mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.• Jikelezaphakathikwabouqinisekiseukubabonkebayasebenza.

Abafundiabazivayobangafundaiimpendulozabo.• Bhalaebhodiniiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzebakwaziukulungisa

iziphoso zabo. Iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo uza kuzifumana aphangasezantsi.

4. Izixando zezenzi• Hlaziyaizixandozezenzinabafundi.Ungabhalaisenziebhodiniuze

ubayaleleukubabahlomeleizimamvazezenziezahlukeneyo.• Ukubaabakwazibenzeleumzekeloubemnyebazebenzeeminye

imizekelo.• Yigxininiseintoyokubaizimamvaziyayiguqulaintsingiselo

yengcambu.• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabonizenixoxengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeimizekeloeliqelakwayebenzeizivakalisi

ngezenzi ezo bazinikileyo. Bachazele ukuba izenzi ebezithathainjongosenzi enye zithi zithathe iinjongosenzi ezimbini.

• Okukwenzekaxaisenzisihlonyelweisimamvasesixandosokwenzisanesokwenzela. Benzele umzekelo ebhodini uze ubayalele ukubabachongeinjongosenziyentsusanenjongosenziebangelwesisixando.

• Thathaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.

a) Isixando sokwenzana• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe

liqelabadeabafundibalandele.Ungabanikaesakhoisicatshulwabachongeizixandongokwezimamvazazo.

b) Isixando sokwenzisa• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe


c) Isixando zokwenzela• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe


d) Isixando sokwenzeka• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe


e) Isixando sokwenziwa• Fundaulwaziulusencwadininabafundi.Yenzaniimizekeloibe




5. Iintlobo zezenzia) Uhlobo lokuqondisa

• Hlaziyanabafundiuhlobolokuqondisa.Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadini yabo. Abafundi mabongeze ngeyabo imizekelo.

• Kwimizekeloabayinikileyomabachongeisenziesikuhlobolokuqondisakwayebachazenexeshalesenzieso.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.• Mabanikeimizekeloemininzikangangoko.Ukubauyathanda

ungabanika umhlathana baze bachonge zonke izenzi ezikolu hlobo.b) Uhlobo lokuqhubeka

• Hlaziyanabafundiuhlobolokuqhubeka.Babuzeukubaoluhlobolwahlukenjanikuhlobolokuqondisa.Ukubaabayaziimpendulobachazele uze wandule ufunde kunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadiniyabo.

• Abafundimabongezengeyaboimizekelo.Kwimizekeloabayinikileyomabachongeisenziesikuhlobolokuqhubekakwayebachazenexeshalesenzieso.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.• Mabanikeimizekeloemininzikangangoko.Ukubauyathanda

ungabanika umhlathana baze bachonge zonke izenzi ezikolu hlobo.c) Uhlobo lolandelelwano

• Hlaziyanabafundiuhlobolokuqoshelisa/lolandelelwano.Fundakunye nabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo. Abafundi mabongezengeyabo imizekelo. Kwimizekelo abayinikileyo mabachonge isenziesikuhlobolokuqoshelisakwayebachazenexeshalesenzieso.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.• Mabanikeimizekeloemininzikangangoko.

d) Uhlobo lokuyalela• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzakubafundiukubaolu

hlobo lwahluke njani kwezinye iintlobo zezenzi. Ukuba abakwazikuphendulabachazeleuzeubanikeumzekelo.Mabanikeeyaboimizekelo. Kwimizekelo abayinikileyo ungababuza ukuba bacingaolu hlobo lwakhiwa njani.

• Xabengayaziimpendulofundakunyenaboumdlalwanaosencwadini yabo uze wandule ufunde inkcazelo yokwakhiwakolu hlobo engasezantsi.

• Abafundimabanikeimizekeloibemininzi.Nabobangayilaeyaboimidlalwana enokuthi yenziwe apho eklasini yabo.

e) Uhlobo lokukhankanya• Hlaziyanabafundiuhlobolokukhankanya.Babuzeukuba

basibona ngantoni isenzi esikuhlobo lokukhankanya. Banikeimizekelo ukuba ngaba abazazi izenzi ezikuhlobo lokukhankanyabaze bandule bahlahlele izenzi ezo ngokwezakhi zazo ukuzebazokubona izakhi zohlobo lokukhankanya.

• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Abafundimabongeze ngeyabo imizekelo. Kwimizekelo abayinikileyomabachonge isenzi esikuhlobo lokukhankanya baze bachazeisakhi sohlobo lokukhankanya esisetyenzisiweyo.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibalandele.Mabanikeimizekeloemininzikangangoko.

6. Izincedisi neentsiza-senzi• Fundakunyenabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Mabakunikeeyaboimizekelo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadebalandeleabafundi.Bangenza

umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.



Iintsiza-senzi• Fundakunyenabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.• Mabakunikeeyaboimizekelo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadebalandeleabafundi.Bangenza

umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.7. Ukwakhiwa komhlathi

• Fundisaabafundiukubayintoniimihlathi.Bachazeleukubaumhlathiunengcingaenyeephambilikwayeuneengcingaeziwuxhasayo.

• Ukuzeokosikubhalayonesikuthethayokubenentsingiselokufunekaimihlathi yethu ilandelelane kwaye iphefumlelane.

• Ungabanikaimihlathiengalandelelaniyouzeubabuzeukubayenzaintsingiselokusinina.Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.

• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibenzeimizekeloeliqela.Mabenzeumsebenzi osencwadini yabo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Nizelwe–isixandosokwenziwa,bohlukana–esokwenzana,

eqhubekeka–sokwenzeka.b) Kodwabantwanabethuanimamelikuzakuthixakuthenkqi,nifikesele

nirholeamehloamakhuluibesithibazaliabatatazelayo.c) Bohlukana nomfo lowo.d) Indlelaeninolwazingayoingathinizelwekuqalakunathi.e) Wathiukubaatshowaqondaukubaumgqibileumntuomkhulukwaye

uyanikezela.f ) Wamfulathelawabeseleekhwelaemnxebenieqhubekekaaphoebeyeke

khona.g) Qhuba mfo wam uncokole kwiselula yakho kuba ndiyabona ukuba

awuzukuyekaukuthethakodwakeqaphelaaphaendleleni.h) Wamfulathela.


ukufundela ukuqonda – ukusetyenziswa kolwimi: iindidi zezibanjalo, izifanekisozwi, izikhuzo, amagatya abalulayoIndlela yokufundisa1. Izibanjalo

Buzaiintlobozezibanjaloabazaziyo.Bhalaisibanjalongasinyeesixelwangabafundi.Mabenzeizivakalisingezibanjaloezobazinikileyo.Bayaleleukuba bahlahlele izibanjalo abazinikileyo. Bethelela kwisakhi sibanjalonakwisiqusesibanjalo.a) Izibayiyo

• Bachazeleukubaizibayiyozivelakwezinyeizigaba-zentetho.Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.

• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.Chithaixeshaukwenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.

• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Xabegqibileukubhala abafundi abambalwa bangafunda iimpendulo zabo.

• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Bhalaebhodinizonke iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ukuze abafundi bakwaziukulungisa iziphoso zabo.



b) Izibanjani• Bachazeleukubaizinjanizivelakwezinyeizigaba-zentetho.Funda

ulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.

Chithaixeshaukwenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.• Xabelandelamabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Xabegqibile

ukubhala abafundi abambalwa bangafunda iimpendulo zabo.• Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Bhalaebhodini

zonke iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ukuze abafundi bakwaziukulungisa iziphoso zabo.

c) Izibanjalo ezakhiwe kwizihlomelo nezibanayo• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.




d) Izibanayo• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.




e) Izibanjalo zokwaba• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.




f ) Izibandawo• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.• Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.




2. Izihlomeloa) Isalathandawo

• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaiintlobozezihlomelooabazaziyo.

• Bhalaisihlomelongasinyeesixelwangabafundi.Mabenzeizivakalisingezihlomeloabazinikileyo.

• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.



• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.

• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.

• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzeabafundibakwazi ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.

b) Isihlomelo sobunjani• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.

Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.Xa

belandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.

Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzeabafundi

bakwazi ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.c) Isihlomelo sexesha

• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.

• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.

• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzeabafundibakwazi ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.

c) Izihlanganisi• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.Makuxoxwengolulwazi.

Abafundimabanikeeminyeimizekeloukomelezaukuqondakwabo.• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibaqonde.Xa

belandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.

Makuxoxwengeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.• Bhalaebhodinizonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoukuzeabafundi

bakwazi ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.3. Izifanekisozwi

• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaizifanekiso-zwiezaziwangabafundi.Zibhaleebhodinibazeabafundibenzeizivakalisingazo.

• Babuzeukubaingabaisifanekisozwiesoasinikileyosiphuhlisaowuphiumsebenzi.Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Fundakunyenabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo.

• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeminyeimizekelo.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.

• Bethelelakwimisebenziyezifanekisozwixaufundisa.• Abafundiabazithandelayomabafundeiimpendulozabo.Bhala

iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ebhodini baze balungise iziphoso zabo.4. Uphawu lwezikhuzo

• Ungawuqalisalomsebenzingokubuzaizikhuzoezaziwangabafundi.Zibhaleebhodinibazeabafundibenzeizivakalisingazo.

• Babuzeukubaingabaisifanekisozwiesoasinikileyosiphuhlisaowuphiumsebenzi.Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Fundakunyenabo ulwazi olusencwadini yabo.

• Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundibanikeeminyeimizekelo.Xabelandela mabenze umsebenzi osencwadini yabo.

• Bethelelakwimisebenziyezikhuzoxaufundisa.



5. Amagatya• Chazelaabafundiukubaumsebenziwegatyaelibalulayoufananqwa

nalowawesibaluliochazwengasentla.Lahlukekwisibalulingokuthilibesisivakalisiesinegamaelinyeokanyengaphezulu.

• Bachazeleukubaizivumelanisizentsusanezongezelelweyozezibalulizisetyenziswa kwizibaluli nakumagatya abalulayo. Benzele imizekeloukuzebakuqondeoku.Phindauyokufundaindlelaizivumelanisizezibaluliezakhiwangayo.Hlaziyaokunabafundibakho.

• Bachazeleukubaxaisandulelasiyintlokoyegatyaelibalulayoeligatyakuthiwaligatyalobaluloelithengqokwayeisivumelanisisesibalulisingqinelananesimaphambilisesandulela:Akukhomntuumbonileyo.Nika neminye imizekelo. Abafundi banike neyabo.

• Bachazeleukubakwigatyalobaluloelinolwalamanolwesihlomelokubakhoisihlomeloesakhiwekwisimelabizosoqobo:isikoloahlalakuyoincinane.Yenzelaabafundiimizekeloemininzibadebaqonde.Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzibadeabafundibakhobalandele.Banikeimisebenziemininziyokuziqhelisa.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Ndinomsindo–isibanjaloesinesibandakanyiu-na,yimfanelo–isibayiyo,

ngelo – isibayiyo.b) Ngenxa,entliziyweni,kwisimo,ngabahlobo,ngexesha–isalathandawo;

kakhulu–sobunjani,nabalingani–isihlomeloesinesibandakanyiu-na.c) Tyhini!Umothuko.


uncwadi: Iimpawu zebali elifutshaneUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaisakhiwosebalielifutshanekunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali

elifutshane. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngebali elisencwadiniyabo yamabalana.

• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexeshausenzaumzekelongencwadiabayalathelweyo.

• Chithaixeshausenzalomsebenzi.Phambikokubaugqithelekolunyeuphawuqinisekisaukubaabafundibakhobalulandeleuphawuebelufundiswa.

• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaufundiseuphawu

olo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.• Sebenzisairubrikhiephantsikwenoveliukuhlolalomsebenzi.


ukubhala isincoko esichazayoIsincoko esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Abafundimabaqalebayokuphandangesihlokoabasinikiweyo.Xasele

benaloulwazingokwamaqelamabaxoxengeengongomaabazakubhalelaphezu kwazo.



• Ezingongomamazicwangciswengokwemephuyengqondoukuzebakwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo.

• Xaiqelaligqibilemalifundeleiklasiokobelithethangako.Bancediseaphoubonayo ukuba abacwangcisanga ngokufanelekileyo okanye iingcingaeziphambiliazihambineengcingaezixhasayo.

• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyaboukuzebaziisakhiwosesincoko.

• Bayaleleabafundiukubamababhaleuyilolwabolokuqalabesebenzisaimephuyengqondo.Oluyilomalufundweeklasini.Umfundimakafundeuyilo lwakhe.

• Elilixeshalokokubakulungisweiziphosoezenziwengumfundi,ulwimialusebenzisileyo,imigaqoyegramaethiivumelanenolwimiololusetyenzisiweyo.Ulwimialusebenzisayoumfundiluzakuxomekekakuhlobolwesincokoasibhalayokwayeizimvozakhemazinamathelanezilandelelane.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagama athi enze intsingiselo. Ukunamathelana nokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwa njani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.




• Mabangeniseumsebenziwaboohlaziyiweyowazewachokelwangabo.Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiephantsikwesincokoesixoxayo.



Iveki yama-25–26


ukwenza intetho engalungiselelwangaIntetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwangaIndlela yokufunda• Hlaziyaintethonabafundibakho.• Banikeithubalokuyakwenzauphando.• Nikawonkeumfundiithubalokuthetha.• Hlolangerubrikhiephantsikwentetho.


Iindlela zokufundaUkufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokuqhutywa kwesifundo• Hlaziyaulwaziolungokufundangokukhawulezaolunikwekwiikota

ezingaphambili.• Ungaphindaubavavanyeabafundibakhongokubanikaisicatshulwauze

ubayalele ukuba mabajonge ntoni kwisicatshulwa eso.• Xoxaningeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.• Abafundimabenzengababiniumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Bhalazonkeiimpenduloezichanekileyoebhodiniukuzebakwazi

ukulungisa iziphoso zabo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyoa) Elizweni liphela abantu bathanda ukucula ingakumbi ulutsha. Ulutsha

oluninzi luthanda ikwaito. Kanti bona abantu abakhulu bathanda umculoweJazz.OmnyeumculooxhelaintliziyozabadalakunyenolutshayiGospeli.

b) Siyachazac) Lulula.Konkeakubhalilekululaukukulandela.d) Iindlelayokuhlalutyakwabafundiiyakwahluka.Thathanayiphi

impendulo ezathuzelweyo.


Iimpawu zebali elifutshaneUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaisakhiwosebalielifutshanekunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali





olo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.




ukubhala intethoImihlathi: Intetho/incoko yababini/udliwano-ndlebe• Chazelaabafundiukubaintethoyahlukilekwingxelookanyekwincoko.

Ungababuza ukuba zahluke njani. Ukuba ngaba abakwazi oko fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazibazeabafundi banike eyabo imizekelo.

• Bachazeleukubaintethoebhalwayoibaphakathikweepawuzocaphulonjengokoiyintethongqoyesithethi.Gqithelakwinkquboyokubhala.


• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumlelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesiuvakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.



• Abafundimabahlaziyeumsebenzikwayebachokeleumsebenziwabongengxeloyakhoneyeklasi.Xabegqibilemabangenizeiincwadizabo.

• Hlolangerubrikhiyokuhlolaisincoko.



Umbane yenye yezinto eziluncedo nezenza ubomi lula kodwa kwawona uyingozikakhulu.Kufunekaxasiwusebenzisasiwusebenzisengenyamekonangononophelo.

Xa ujonge lo mfanekiso ufumanisa ukuba kwiplagi enye kufakwe izinto ezininzi kwaye ezinye zezi zinto zineentambo ezingaphandle nto leyo enokuthi ibangele ingozi.

Iveki yama-27–28


ukwenza intetho engalungiselelwangaIntetho elungiselelweyo/engalungiselelwangaIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaintethonabafundibakho.• Banikeithubalokuyakwenzauphando.• Nikawonkeumfundiithubalokuthetha.• Hlolangerubrikhiephantsikwentetho.


ukubhala isishwankatheloIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaushwankathelonabafundi.• Phindaubanikeesakhoisicatshulwauzeusishwankathelekunyenabo.• Baqheliselomsebenzibadeabafundibakwaziukuwenza.• Ngababinimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Thathaiincwadizabouzeuzihlolengerubrikhiyokuhlolaushwankathelo.• Ukubakusekhoabafundiabasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaubanike

omnye uze uwenze kunye nabo.


uncwadi: Iimpawu zebali elifutshane Ufundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaisakhiwosebalielifutshanekunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali




• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.

IKOTA YESI-3

Isahluko sesi-8: umbane nokhuseleko



• Abafundiabazithandelayobangafundiumsebenziwabo.Xoxaningeempendulo ezinikwa ngabafundi.

• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaufundiseuphawuolouzewandulewenzeumsebenzikunyenabo.Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolauncwadixauhlolalomsebenzi.


ukubhala isincoko esibalisayoIsincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakwesincokonabafundi.• Ngalolonkeixeshaabafundibebhalahlaziyakunyenaboinkqubo

yokubhala.• Abafundingalolonkeixeshamabaphandengesihlokosesincokoukuze

babe nolwazi olunzulu.• Bakhuthazeukubaxabelandelainkquboyokubhalakufunekakuqala

benzeiimephuzengqondoezizakubancedaekulandelelaniseniiingcinganeengcamango zabo.

• Banikeithubaelaneleyolokwenzalomsebenzi.• Hlolaumsebenzingerubrikhiyokuhlolaisincoko.



Iveki yama-29–30


uvavanyo lokuqondaUkuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuzixhobisayo, okuphicothwayo nokuncomayo) Indlela yokufundisa• Fundelaabafundiibalikabini.Ukubauyathandaungabachazelaamagama

anzima.• Mabenzeumsebenzi.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) Ingozinokhuselekolombane.Thathanezinyeizihlokoeziphuhlisa

okuthethwa libali.b) Umbane uyingozi kodwa kunjalo zikhona izinto onokuzenza

ukhuseleke kwezi ngozi.c) Ufundisa ngezilumkiso onokuzenza ukuze ukhuseleke kwiingozi

zombane.d) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana.Yamkelanayiphiimpendulo

akwaziyoukuzixhasakuyoumfundi.e) Iiimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana.


ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufundaIindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyakonkeokubhalwephantsikokufundangokukhawuleza

kwizifundo ezingaphambili.• Abafundibangachongaamagamaabangawaziyoathethantoni.

Makunikweiintsingiselozalamagama.Abafundimababhalelamagamakwiibhanki zabo zamagama.

• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.a) Amandlaombaneali-120angamenzakalisakakhuluumntuokanye

ambulale. Ukuba ukhwela umthi ngakwiintambo zombaneungatshowukhwaukubangabaumthiunokukrwecaiintamboezo.Umbaneukhuphamalunganeevoltiezili-100lezigidi.Lamandlaombane maninzi ngokwaneleyo ukuhambisa umsinga wombaneemzimbeni kwaye angambulala umntu.

b) Sisifanelekubaisicatshulwasikuchazelangeengoziezibangelwangumbane.

c) Ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngumbhali lulula kwaye kululaukulilandela. Kukho amagama abolekwe kwezinye iilwimi elifananokutshowukhwangumbane,imoto.Longumzekelo,yamkelanayiphiimpenduloechanekileyoakwaziyoukuzixhasakuyoumfundi.


uncwadi: Iimpawu zebali elifutshaneUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzebalielifutshanekunyenabafundibakho.



• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibalielifutshane. Zibhale ebhodini nize nenze umzekelo ngebali elisencwadiniyabo yamabalana.




olo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.


ukubhala inqaku lephepha-ndabaImihlathi: ingxelo/irivyu/inqaku lephepha-ndaba/inqaku lemagaziniIndlela yokufundisa• UkubaakhonaAmaphepha-ndabaeklasiniyakhobonisaabafundiukuba

inqakulephepha-ndabaliphumangemihlathi(kholamu)kwayeinqakungalinyelibaneendawoezimanazibhalwangqindililiaphoumbhaliwaloafunasiqapheleokuthildeathethangako.

• Bachazeleukubaezinyeizihlokozephepha-ndabazibhalwangoonobumbaabakhulukwayengqindilili.Ukantiezinyezibhalwangamagamaamakhulukodwaabangqindililinjengokokufunekaetsaleumdlawomfundi.

• Kwiphepha-ndabainqakulihambanomfanekisowokokuthethwangako.Bonisaokukwiphepha-ndabaonalaeklasiniyakho.

• Iifontikwiphepha-ndabaziyashiyanakukhoezinkulunezincinane.Konkeokukwenzelwaukutsalaumdlawabafundibephepha-ndaba.

• Xoxaninabafundingamaphepha-ndabaakhoyoeklasiniyakho.Xabelandelaabafundithethangenkquboyokubhala.

• Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafundeuyilolwakhengokuvakalayo.

• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundiukubaizivakalisizabokufunekaziphefumelelanekwayezinamathelane.Bakhumbuzeukubaisivakalsiyingqokelelayamagamaathienzeintsingiselo.Ukunamathelananokuphefumlelanakwezivakalisikwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukubaxaumntuebhalaokanyeethethakufunekaazixubeizivakalisizakhe.Makasebenziseizivakalisiezifutshanekunyenezivakalisiezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengokoukubaaziukubaizivakalisiezimbaxazakhiwanjani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukubaizivumelanisiazisebenzisisayokufunekazivumelanenezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumanophakathikwentlokoyesivakalisinesenzinaphakathikwesenzikunyenenjongosenziyesivakalisi.Bachazeleukubanezinyeizivumelaniazisebenzisayokwizivakalisizakhekufunekaziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini.Ukubaalukhoolunxulumanointethoyomfundiayisayikuvakalakwayeakukhontsingiseloeyakubakhokokoakubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.





• Thethangolwimiolusetyenziswaolusetyenziswakwiphepha-ndaba.Ulwimi lusoloko lujolise kubantu abathile kwaye lsoloko luhambanenjongo yokubhalwa koko kubhalwayo.

• Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisincokoxauhlolalomsebenzi.


80I K O T A y e s I - 3 • u h l o l o o l u s e s i k W e N i

Umsebenzi wesi-7Impenduloiyakuxhomekekakwincwadiyedramaeyenziwayo. (30)

Umsebenzi wesi-8Sebenzisairubrikhiephantsikwentetho. (20)

Umsebenzi wesi-9

Icandelo A

Umsebenzi woku-1 uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Ungcolisekolwamanzi.Abafundibanokunikaezabo.Yamkela

nayiphi echanekileyo. (2)b) Kungcoliseke umlambo ngoku amanzi amdaka kwaye izidalwa

ezihlala apha ziyafa. (2)c) Lolwamanzi (2)d) Indalo ayiphila apho kukho amanzi angcolisekileyo. (2)e) Yimisebenziyabantukunyenezilwanyanaezifananeenkomo. (4)f ) Iimpendulozabafundiziyankwahlukana.Thathanayiphi

ezathuzelweyo. Nantsi enye: Ikhona ukuba abantu banokuyeka ukulahlainkunkumanandawonikwayebaqinisekeisekukhoiindawozokusela kwezilwanyana ezithile. (2)

g) Utyatyazo,icesina,isisusegazi,ukralakwesisu. (2)h) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)i) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)

[20]

Umsebenzi wesi-2 ulwimi1. a) Umntu,isintu,uluntu,ubuntu.Izivakalaisiezichanekileyo

eziphuhlisaintsingiseloiyamagama. (4)b) Lesalathaintoekufuphikumntuothethayonakumntu

ekuthethwa naye. (2)c) Ukusweleka, ukubhubha, ukutshaba. (2)d) Ukwambath’ingubokaqaqaqa.Isivakalisiesiphuhlisaintsingiselo (2)e) Engqondweni,emzimbeni,kwezihlunu,kwentliziyo,

kwimithambo.Naziphiizivakalisiezakhiwengezalathandawoezibini. (2)

[12]2. a) Ilitye – elisendalweni, into elukhuni, umatshini wokusila, into

eyakhiwayookanyeixhonywekubhalwezonkeizintozesikhumbuzosongasekhoyo ibekwe phezu kwengcwaba, iimbobo zomzi kanantsi kuthiwa ngamatye: amatye alo mzi mane; akasibhozwanga! (3)

b) Iliso–aphoumlambouqalakhona.Isivakalisimasiphuhlisele ntsingiselo. (2)

IKOTA YESI-3

uhlolo olusesikweni



c) Iyeza.Isivakalisimasiphuhliselentsingiselo. (1)d) Isebelomthi,lemvula.Isahlulokwicandeloelithile

laseburhulumenteni. (2)(8)

[40]Icandelo BIsishwankatheloSebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisishwankatheloukuhlolalomsebenzi. (10)


82

IKOTA yesI-4

Isahluko se-9Impatho-mbi 76

Isahluko se-10Umabonakude 81

umsebenzi osesikweniUviwo 84



Ukuphathwa kakubi yinto evamileyo kule mihla kweli loMzantsi Afrika ingakumbi ukuphathwa kakubi kwabantwana nabafazi. Amadoda nawo aphethwe kakubi kodwa ngenxa yekratshi awakuvakalisi oko. Umntu usenokuphathwa kakubi ngokweemvakalelo okanye ngokomzimba.

Apha sibona abazali ababini bebetha umntwana. Kuba kukho iibhotile ezingenanto phantsi emgangathweni sicinga oku oku kubangelwa ziimpembelelo zotywala.

Iveki yama-31–32


ukwazisa isithethi nokwenza ilizwi lombulelo1. Ukwazisa isithethiIndlela yokufundisa• Lomsebenziunokwenziwaumdlaloeklasini.Xauzakwazisaumntu

kufuneka uphandile ngaye.• Abanyeabantuuyakwaziukufumanaiprofiyileyakhekwikhompyutha.• Ukubaayikhokufunekauthethathethanenayeakuchazelengayophambi

kokuba ube nokumazisa.• Kalokukufunekaubenolwaziolunzulungayeukuzeukwaziukumazisa

kwabanye abantu.• Fundaulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundikunyenabo.Xoxaningolulwazi.

Yenzani imizekelo eliqela bade abafundi balandele.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Ukuzebakwaziukuwenza

lo msebenzi kwakufuneka benze uphando olunzulu. Ukuba azikhoiikhompyuthabangayakubuzakwii-ofisizamaphondookanyezoomasipala ezikufutshane kuloo ndawo uhlala kuyo.

2. Ilizwi lombuleloIndlela yokufundisa• Fundakunyenabafundiulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxaningolulwazi.• Abafundimabenzeimizekeloeliqelabadebabebayalandela.

Bangathelekelela ukuba kukho umntu obezokuthetha nabo ngombaothile. Mabenze amazwi ombulelo kuloo mntu.

• Okukungenziwaumdlaloeklasiniaphoomnyeumfundiabasisithethiaze omnye abe ngulowo oza kubulela intetho yakhe.

• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Ukubauyabonabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaubanikeomnye

uze uwenze kunye nabo.

IKOTA YESI-4

Isahluko se-9: Impatho-mbi


84


ukunika intsingiseloUkufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaimifanekisokunyenabafundi.• Ungabanikaowakhoumfanekisonizenixoxengawo.• Hlulaabafundingamaqela.Iqelangalinyemalenzeumsebenzi

osencwadini.• Jikelezaphakathikwabafundiuqinisekiseukubabonkeabafundi

bayanikezela ngeengcinga zabo.• Ncedaabobangakwaziyoukuqalisangalomsebenzi.• Iqelangalinyemalichazeleiklasiokobelikuxoxa.Makuxoxwe

ngeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.Xakunikwaningxelongomsebenziwabafundi makwenziwe oko ngokwakhayo nangovakalelo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: Indodanomfazibalwaphambikwabantwanababo.Aphakubonakalaukuba impembelelo yomlo kukunxila njengoko phantsi kukho iibhotile ebezinotywala. Esi sibini asinangqeqesho kuba sisela phambi kwabantwana babo abancinane baze bakunxila balwe. Umfazi ulwa ngeebhotile into enokwenzeka ukuba aba bantwana bangenzakala ukuba ngaba kunokuthi enye ibhotile iyokubetha omnye wabo. Kuyabonakala apha ukuba uzinzo lwekhaya yinto engekhoyo njengoko yonke into ithe saa apha endlwini, nto leyo esenza sigqibe ukuba eyona nto iphambili kweli khaya kukusebenzisa utywala nokulwa.


uncwadi: Iimpawu zoncwadi lwemveliUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzentsomikunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali


• Fundakengokuulwaziolusencwadiniyabouzeuthatheimpawunganyengexesha usenza umzekelo ngencwadi abayalathelweyo.



olo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.• Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiephantsikwenoveli.

I K O T A y e s I - 4 • i s a h l u k o s e - 9 • i V e k i ya m a - 3 1 – 3 2




i-CV neleta ehamba nayo, ukubhala ileta yokubulela,ukubhala i-obhitshuwariImhlathi:Iletayobuhlobo/esesikweni(yesicelo/yesikhalazo/yesicelosomsebenzi/yoshishino)iiletaeziyakumhleli/i-CVneletaeyikhaphayo/ i-obhitshuwari/i-ajendanemizuzuyentlanganiso

Indlela yokufundisa1. Inkcazelo ngobomi

• Chazelaabafundiukubakubalulekileukubaubaniakwaziukubhalainkcazelo yakhe yobomi njengoko ifuneka kuyo yonke imisebenzi.

• Fundakunyenaboulwaziolusencwadiniyabo.Xoxangolulwazi.• Xanixoxathethangezihlokoezikhoyokwi-CVnolwaziekufunekalukho.• Yibetheleleintoyokubaumntuakayibhaliintoengeyonyanisokwi-

CVyakhe.• Yenzaniimizekeloeliqela.Abafundiabazithandelayobangabhala

ii-CVzaboebhodini.MakuxoxwengeziCVukuzenabobebengekacacelwa babe nokucacelwa.

• Yalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnyemakafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.

• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingeziphosozabafundi.• Thethangolwimiolusetyenziswakwi-CV.I-CVayifunilwimikangako

ngaphezu kokuba udwelisa lonke ulwazi ofuna lwaziwe ngawengabaqeshi.

• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Thathaiincwadizabouzikorekishe.

2. Ileta yesicelo somsebenzi• Hlaziyailetayaseburhulumenteni.• Mabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Hlolangegridiyokuhlolailetayaseburhulumenteni.

3. Ukubhala i-obhitshuwari

Indlela yokufundisa• Ukubaunayoi-obhitshuwarionayoyiyanayoeklasiniyakhouzeubonise

abafundi.Xaungenayoakukhongxakinjengokoabafundibelibangaselebeyazi ukuba i-obhitshuwari ibhalwa njani kwaye baqhele ukuzibonakwimingcwabo abayihambayo.

• Fundaniulwaziolusencwadiniyabafundi.• Xoxaningolulwazi.• Abafundimabenzeimizekeloemininzi.Abazithandelayobangayibhala

nasebhodini.• Bethelelaukubaxaubhalai-obhitshuwarikufunekausebenziseulwimi

oluphuhlisa intlonipho.• Thethangenkquboyokubhala.Yalelaabafundiukubabenzeuyilo

lokuqala. Umfundi makafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.• Makuhlatyweamadlalakokokubhalwengumfundi,kodwaoku

makwenziwe ngovakalelo nangokwakhayo.• Bakhumbuzengokwakhiwakwezivakalisinemihlathinokusebenzisa

iziphumlisi.• Umfundimakahlaziyeazeachokeleumsebenziwakhengengxeloevela

kuwe nakumalungu eklasi.• Makangeniseumsebenziwakheuzeuwukorekishe.


86I K O T A y e s I - 4 • i s a h l u k o s e - 9 • i V e k i ya m a - 3 3 – 3 4

Iveki yama-33–34


Ingxoxo yephaneliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukwenziwakwalengxoxo.• Ungaphindauyokufundaulwazingayokwizifundoezingasentla.• Ukubauyathandaunganikaabafundiisihlokobazebenzeingxoxo

emfutshane ukubakhumbuza.• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Qwalaselaindlelaabachongangayoamagama,ukusetyenziswa

kwemigaqo yegrama nendlela abazisebenziya ngayo izivakalisi zabo.• Nikawonkeumfundiithubalokuthetha.


Iindlela zokufundaUkufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaulwaziolungokufundangokukhawulezakwizifundo

ezingasentla.• Ukuqinisekisaukubaabafundibayawazilomsebenziungabanika

isicatshulwa uze ubayalele izinto ekufuneka zijongiwe kwisicatshulwaeso.Xoxaningeempenduloezinikwangabafundi.

• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.

Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo: a) Zichazaimpatho-mbiuZolileowayeyifumanaemsebenziniwakhe.

Kwalapha kwibali sifumanisa ukuba asinguye yedwa lo wafumana lempatho-mbi nomhlobo wakhe udlule kuyo ukuze abe uyalishiya eli.

b) UZolileuyakusolokoehleliexhalenikwayeesoyikaakucingangomhlobowakhe owaswelekela ezandleni zakhe emva kokunyanzelwa ukuba aseleityhefu ngabaphathi bakhe. Abaphathi bakhe bamtyhola ngobusela.Bamonzakalisa kuba babemphethe kakubi bemdalakathelisa bade bayakufikelelanakumalunguakheangasese.


uncwadi: Iimpawu zentsomiUfundo loncwadiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzentsomikunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali







• Xaubonaukubabasasokoliswangulomsebenziphindaufundiseuphawuolo uze wandule wenze umsebenzi kunye nabo.

• Hlolalomsebenzingokujongaukubaabafundibayakwaziukunikaimifanekiso-ntelekelelo ephuhliswa zizafobe.


ukubhala isincoko esixoxayoIsincoko: esibalisayo/esichazayo/esixoxayoIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakwesincokonabafundi.Ungabuyelaemva

kukubhalwa kwezincoko uphinde ufunde ulwazi olubhalwe khona kunyenabafundi.

• Njengokoselekutshiwobethelelakwinkquboyokubhalaxaabafundikufuneka bebhale umsebenzi.

• Inkquboyokubhalaincedaekunciphiseniiziphosoezenziwangabafundi.• Hlolalomsebenzingerubrikhiyokuhlolaizincokoekhoyokulencwadi.


88I K O T A y e s I - 4 • i s a h l u k o s e - 1 0 • i V e k i ya m a - 3 5 – 3 6

Iveki yama-35–36


Ingxoxo yephaneliIngxoxo yephaneliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukwenziwakwalengxoxo.• Ungaphindauyokufundaulwazingayokwizifundoezingasentla.• Ukubauyathandaunganikaabafundiisihlokobazebenzeingxoxo

emfutshane ukubakhumbuza.• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Qwalaselaindlelaabachongangayoamagama,ukusetyenziswa

kwemigaqo yegrama nendlela abazisebenziya ngayo izivakalisi zabo.• Nikawonkeumfundiithubalokuthetha.


ukubhala isishwankatheloIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaukubhalwakwesishwankathelokunyenabafundi.• Ukuqinisekisaukubabayawazilomsebenzibanikeisicatshulwaesiza

kushwankathelwa yiklasi yonke.• Bayekebaphikisaneekwenzenilomsebenzi.Shwankathelaumsebenzi

ngokubhala ebhodini isishwankathelo esichanekileyo.• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.Hlolalomsebenzi

ngerubrikhi yokuhlola isishwankathelo ekhoyo kule ncwadi.


Iimpawu zentsomiIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaiimpawuzentsomikunyenabafundibakho.• Bayaleleukubabakunikeizintoezifaneleukubazikhonakwibali





Nazi iimpendulo ezilindelekileyo:a) (i) Isisilasenkukhusibonwamhlaligquthayo–Amahleboavelamhla

kukho iingxoxo ezishushu.

IKOTA YESI-4

Isahluko se-10: umabonakude



Kuyinene ukuba isisila senkukhu, indununu asinto ifumane ibonwe ngaphandle kwamhla kugquthayo, kukho umoya. Eli qhalo lithetha ukuba izinto ezininzi ebezingaziwa mntu zivela mhla kuthe kwakho nokuba yingxabano okanye ingxushungxushu eza neengxoxo ezishushu. Yimihla ebhentsisa izimilo zabantu batsho baziwe. Eli qhalo mhlawumbi ngelingazange laziwe lasetyenziswa ukuba bekungazange kubekho bantu bafuya iinkukhu.

(ii) Injaayimkiaphoifumeneithambokhona–Ukwenzaintokujikakufane nomkhwa.InjaleyenyeyezilwanyanaebezithandaukufuywangamaXhosa.Ibisetyenziswaekuzingelenikubakalokuibambaiinyamakazingenxayamendu wayo. Kodwa owona msebenzi ibiwenza rhoqo entlalweniyakwaXhosaibikukugadaumziemininasebusuku.Ikakhuluibigadaamaselaazekubalemfuyoyalaphaphakathikwekhaya.Ibisondliwangokutya kuba ukuba kuthe kanti umntu wayo akayondli ncam ideilambe,wofikaihambakulemiziikhangelaukubaayinakucholantona.Ithiaphoizuzeithambokhonaimaneukuyaidengamanyeamaxesha iphelele apho ngokungathi le nto yeli thambo yintoyemihla ngemihla. Kubonakala ukuba lo mkhwa wenja ube mkhuluwaxhaphakakakhulungokokudekuveleeliqhaloaphakwaXhosa.Unyokowalotyolwangamakhuba–Kutshiwokumntuosolokoambethwe ngamashwa.Eliqhaloliyazitolika.Njengokoilobolaethandwayoiyileyoyeenkomo kuthi kwakungasetyenziswa zona okanye imalikusetyenziswa nto zimbi, ikhangeleke loo ntombi ilotyolwayonjengentombi enamashwa kuba noko ayiqhelekanga into yokubaumntu alotyolwe ngamakhuba.

(iii) Ukuzicandel’umgalagala–UkuzifakaengxakiniUmgalagala ngumthi olushica kakhulu. Umntu othe xa athezayowatheza wona wofumana ingxaki enkulu xa kufuneke ewucandilekuba wobila esoma ukuwuqhekeza. Eli qhalo laselibhekiswa kumntuothe wazibizela ingxaki ekungelula ukuyisombulula mpela

(iv) Ukuzalakukuzolula–Kukubulelaintoentleeyenziwengumntwana.Uya kuthi umntu akwenzelwa into entle ngumntwana aziveenombulelo omhle ongazenzisiyo, azive umzimba wakhe uthe saawolukile. Umva esithi le nto ikukuzala kukuzolula.

b) (i) Ndinantoyamjikeleletywaa.Yinyoka.(ii) Ndinamntuwamakahambiengenamsila.Yinaliti.(iii) Ndinambhayiwammabiniafanatwatse.Sisibhakabhakanomhlaba(iv) Ndinantoyaminamehlokodwayimfama.Litapile.(v) Ndinantabayaminehlathikazieloyikekayo.Yintloko.


ukubhala inqaku lemagaziniImihlathi:ingxelo/irivyu/inqakulephepha-ndaba/inqakulemagazini.

Indlela yokufundisa• Ukubazikhonaiimgazinieklasiniyakho,bonisaabafundiukubainqaku

lemagazini liba njani xa likwimagazini. Usenokubacela ukuba bezeneemagazini abathanda ukuzifunda.


90I K O T A y e s I - 4 • i s a h l u k o s e - 1 0 • i V e k i ya m a - 3 5 – 3 6

• Thathaibalilibelinyenizenixoxengalo.Jonganiindlelaelibhalwengayo.Qwalaselaniizintoezifananefonti,ukubhalwangqindilili,imifanekiso,nokubhalwa bukekela. Ukantu kufuneka bejonge nemibala ethiisetyenziswdekwimagazini.Ingabalemibalaithethantoni.Kwamanyeamabali kubakho nezihlokwana ezikhoyo ezithi zifakwe imibala.Abafundi mabachaze ukuba olu bhalo lunje ingaba yintoni injongo yako.Xabengakwaziokubachazele.

• Xabelandelaabafundithethangenkquboyokubhala.• Bayalelaabafundiukubababhaleuyilolokuqala.Umfundingamnye

makafunde uyilo lwakhe ngokuvakalayo.• Elilixeshalokuthethanabafundingezivakalisi.Bethelelakubafundi

ukuba izivakalisi zabo kufuneka ziphefumlelane kwaye zinamathelane.Bakhumbuze ukuba isivakalsi yingqokelela yamagama athi enzeintsingiselo. Ukunamathelana nokuphefumlelana kwezivakalisi kwenzaukubaiingcinganeengcamangozabozilandelelane.Chazelaabafundiukuba xa umntu ebhala okanye ethetha kufuneka azixube izivakalisizakhe. Makasebenzise izivakalisi ezifutshane kunye nezivakalisi ezide.Izivakalisiezideubanazoxauthewasebenzisaizihlanganisi.Kubalulekilengoko ukuba azi ukuba izivakalisi ezimbaxa zakhiwa njani.

• Bachazeleukubaimigaqoyegramakufunekaivumelane.Okukuthethaukuba izivumelanisi azisebenzisisayo kufuneka zivumelane nezivakalisizakhe.Chazaukubaizivumelanisizentlokonezenjongosenzizidalaunxulumano phakathi kwentloko yesivakalisi nesenzi naphakathikwesenzi kunye nenjongosenzi yesivakalisi. Bachazele ukuba nezinyeizivumelani azisebenzisayo kwizivakalisi zakhe kufuneka ziludaleolunxulumano.Thethangezivumelanisizeziphawuli,ezezibalulinezesimnini. Ukuba alukho olu nxulumano intetho yomfundi ayisayikuvakala kwaye akukho ntsingiselo eya kubakho koko akubhalileyookanye akuthethayo.


• Bethelelakubafundiukubakubalulekileukuchongaisigamaesihambelana noko abhala ngako okanye athathe ngako ukuze okoakubhalayo nakuthethayo kube nokuvakala kulowo ufundayo kwayekunceda nasekukholelekeni kweengongoma axoxela phezu kwazo.Bachazele ukusetyenziswa kwezangotshe zolwimi kunye namaqhalonezaci namabinza athile kufuneka kukhethwe ngobuchule ukuzeokubhalwayo okanye okuthethwayo kungabi namdintsi natyheneba.Isigamaesikhethwengokuchanekileyosiyakwaziukuphuhlisangokupheleleyo oko kucingwa ngumbhali okanye sisithethi.

• Thethangolwimiolusetyenziswaolusetyenziswakwiphepha-ndaba.Ulwimi lusoloko lujolise kubantu abathile kwaye usoloko luhambanenjongo yokubhalwa koko kubhalwayo.

• Sebenzisairubrikhiyokuhlolaisincokoxauhlolalomsebenzi.



Iveki yama-37–38


Ingxoxo yeqela/yephaneliIngxoxo yeforam/yeqela/yephaneliIndlela yokufundisa• Hlaziyaindlelaebanjwangayonefundiswangayolengxoxongokufunda

kwizifundo ezingaphambili kule ncwadi.• Nikaabafundibakhoithubalokwenzauphandongesihlokoesinikiweyo.• Hlulaabafundingokwemibuzwanaoyakhileyo• Abafundimabenzeumsebenziosencwadiniyabo.• Qwalaselaindlelaabachongangayoamagama,ukusetyenziswa

kwemigaqo yegrama nendlela abazisebenziya ngayo izivakalisi zabo.


ukulungiselela uviwo QAPHELA: Le yeminye yemibuzo onokuyisebenza xa uhlaziyela iimviwo okuphela konyaka.

Iveki yama-39–40

Icandelo AUmsebenzi osesikweni

Umbuzi woku-1 uvavanyo lokuqondaa) UZolileuhlalaesoyikaakucingangomhlobowakheowaswelekela

ezandleni zakhe emva kokunyanzelwa ukuba asele ityhefungabaphathibakhe. (2)

b) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana. (2)c) Impatho-gadalalaemsebenzini.Abafundibangezanezabo.Yamkela

nayiphienikaintsingiseloyesicatshulwa. (2)d) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahluka.Yamkelaimpenduloenika

intsingiselokwayeezathuzelwetyo. (2)e) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahluka. (2)f ) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahluka.Nantsienye.Wayefunaukucima

ityalaukuzeabaphathibangabanjwa. (2)g) Abanalokwayexabengasakufunibamelekukunikaizizathu

zokungakufuni kwabo baze bakunike zonke iimali zakho kodwa okobekwenzangokwemithethoyabasebenzi. (2)

h) Kukubekaimithethoengqinqwaaphoumqeshikufunekaebanjiwenixaethewakuphathagadalala.Imithethoekhuselaabasebenzikufunekaisebenzileingabhalwaphantsikuphela. (4)

i) Nasemisebenziniabasebenzibaphathwakakubi. (2)[20]


92I K O T A y e s I - 4 • u m s e b e n z i o s e s i k w e n i • i V e k i ya m a - 3 9 – 4 0

a) Umntu,isintu,uluntu,ubuntu.Yamkelanaziphiizivakalisiezichanekileyoezakhiwe ngala magama.

b) Abantwana–sibonisaubuncinanengokuzalwa.Ndlwana–sibonisaubuncinanengokobungakanani;kwimadlalana–ubuncinanengokobungakanani

c) Emakhitshini,kwilokishi,eMdantsane,phandle–isalathandawo,ngemini– isihlomelosexesha;kakhulu–isihlomelosobunjani

d) Yabantu,wabo,wakhe,zaseMdantsane,bakhe,yezulu,wabamelwane–izimnini, ezincinane, zincinane- iziphawuli

e) Ezi-zalathaintoekufuphikumntuothethayonakulowokuthethwanaye.f ) Umakhuluwakheebesolokoeboph’amabande.g) Usana,imveku,imfambilinih) Izindlukazi–sibonisaisandiso.i) Ukudibanisaizintoezingadibaniyo.j) Bonke–simeendaweniyesibizo.Yonke–siyagxininisa.

Icandelo B: IsishwankatheloSebenzisairubrikhiukuhlolalomsebenzi.Irubrikhiiphantsikwesishwankatheloesikhoyokulencwadi. (10)

Icandelo C 1: Isihobe1. (i) Uzamaukusibonisaukubalulekakwamanzi.

(ii) Ngokwezitanzakunyenemiqolokwisitanzangasinye,imiqolomine.(iii) Ubonisaukubaindaloxaiyonkeayinakuphilangaphandlekwamanzi.(iv) Umbhaliwonwabilekwizitanzazokuqalakubausixelela

ngokubaluleka kwamanzi kodwa imo yakhe iyatshintsha xa esixelelangengozi ebangelwa ngamanzi.

(v) Akunqongophala,kumhlawalawulakufa–isimntwisisiphuhlisaumfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso sibona umntu olawulayo.

Entl’Afrikasibalulek’okwegolide–isifanisosiphuhlisaumfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ubona indlela alondolozwa naxatyiswe ngayoamanzi ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo.Amawakawakaaqungquluzileyitsunami–sisihloniphokuhlonitshwaukufa. Umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ukubona izidumbu zabantunomfanekiso wesikhumba ukuba novakalelo ngabo baswelekileyo.Kubasinqab’okwezinyolenkuku–isifaniso–umfanekiso-ngqondwdeni weliso ukubona kunqongophele amanzi engafumanekikwaye ikwangumfanekiso-ngqondweni wesikhumba ukuva intlunguyokungafumani amaninzi uwafuna.

(vi) Lomhobeusichazelangokubalulekakwamanzikodwaebalulekileenjalo akwayingozi kuba kwezinye iindawo ezisempuma kubakhoiitsunami.Kumintlawe-Afrikaamanziaxatyiswekakhulu.Siyaxelelwaukuba amanzi abaluleke kwindalo jikelele kwaye ngaphandle kwawoakukho mpilo.

2. Impenduloizakuxhomekekakumhobeowenziweyo.

Umbuzo wesi-2 ukuphuhlisa isigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi



Icandelo C 2: InoveliIimpendulozalemibuzoziyakuxhomekekakwinovelieyenziwayo.

Icandelo C 3: IdramaIimpendulozalemibuzoziyakuxhomekekakwidramaeyenziwayo.

Umsebenzi we-10 Icandelo A: Izincoko• Hlolaizincokongeerubrikhiezikhoyokulencwadi.• Nikaabafundiithubaelaneleyolokuyakuphandangesihlokongasinye.

Xoxanieklasiningolwazioluzenomfundingamnye.Phindaubethelelekakhulu kwinkqubo yokubhala ukuze abafundi bakho balulungele uviwo.

• Enyakenibachazeleukubamabasebenziseimephuyengqondoekucwangciseni iingcinga zabo, oko kuya kubanceda kakhuluekucwangciseni imihlathi yabo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubalulekakokutolikaulwaziolubonwayoukuzebakwazi ukubhala izincoko zabo.

• Phakathienyakenizamaukuwuqhelisalomsebenzi.

Icandelo B: Izicatshulwa ezide• Njengokoselekutshiwongasentla,bethelelakwinkquboyokubhala

kubafundi.Inkquboyokubhalaincedakakhuluekucwangciseniiingcinganeengcamango.

• Aphaabafundibangabhalaebodiniumsebenziobuziweyo.• Bangasebenzakakhulungokwamaqelaxabesenzaumsebenzingamnye

baze lo msebenzi bawufundele iklasi kwaye ukorekishwe ngamaqela.Okukuyakuhlalaezingqondwenizabo.


Umsebenzi we-11 ukubhalwa koviwoa) Hlolalomsebenzingokusebenzisairubrikhiephantsikwentetho. (20)b) Jongauchongolwamagama,ulwimi,izivakalisikunyenemihlathi. (15)

Umsebenzi we-12 ukubhalwa koviwoImisebenzi yohlaziyo


94I K O T A y e s I - 4 • i m i s e b e n z i y o h l o l o e s e s i s w e n i

Iphepha loku-1

Icandelo A

umbuzo woku-1: uvavanyo lokuqondaa) IzifoezininzizaseNtshonaezinjengentliziyo,isifoseswekile,

umhlazakunyenesifozokuguga. (2)b) Kungokubakuhlalaixeshaelidelusezinkonkxeni. (2)c) Kukutyaokunesitatshikwayeokuneekhabohayidrethiezininzi

ezetyiswa kancinane kwaye ezinceda ekugcineni imigangathoyamandla,iziqhamonemifuno. (2)

d) Akanyanzelekanga.Ingulowoumntuunokutyaokumlungelayonokungamlungeliyo. (2)

e) Ukuzeukwaziukubaukutyakwenziwengantoni.Ukubakwezozithako kukho esingadinaniyo nomzimba wakho oko kuthethaukubakufunekaungakutyangaokokutya. (2)

f ) Idayethielungelelanisiweyo;ukutyaukutyaokunesongo.Yamkelanezinye ezinokuza kunye nabafundi. Yamkela ezo ziphuhlisa intsingiseloyesicatshulwa. (2)

g) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana. (2)h) Ingulowoumntuunohlobolwakhelokutyaekufunekaelutyile

kwayekufunekautyeidayethielungelelanisiweyo. (2)i) Ukutyaokuphekiweyokusalakunazozonkeizondloezikhoyo

koko kutya ukanti okosiweyo ezinye izondlo ziyemka kwaye okokutyakudlangokubanamafuthaamaninzi. (2)

j) Kukuthamba. (2)(20)

umbuzo wesi-2: ulwimia) Umhambi,abahambi,iihambo.Naziphiizivakalisieziphuhlisa

intsingiseloyalamagama. (3)b) Idayethi–diet–kwisiNgesi–kufakelweisimaphambilisesibizo. (2)c) Zonke–ukugxininisa. (2)d) Ufile. (1)e) Ukwambath’ingubokaqaqaqa.Yamkelanasiphiisivakalisi

esichanekileyoesiphulisaintsingiseloyeqhalo. (2)f ) Kwaye,nokokuba,ukuba. (2)g) Qinisekisa,zikucebisa–isixandosokwenzisa,ikulungele–isixando

sokwenzela,ukumelana–isixandosokwenzanalwesixando. (2)h) Nokubakumnyamaentla. (2)i) Inzululwazi (1)j) Yena. (1)k) Chongaizimniniezikhoyokulomhlathi. (2)

(20)[40]



Icandelo B: IsishwankatheloSebenzisairubrikhiukuhlolalomsebenzi. (10)

QAPHELA: AKUKHO ZIMPENDULO KWELI CANDELO (C) NJENGOKO ZIXHOMEKEKE KWIINCWADI EZENZIWAYO.

Iphepha lesi-2: Ukubhala

Icandelo A: Izincoko SebenzisaIirubrikhiukuhlolaizincoko. [60]

Icandelo B: Imihlathi SebenzisaIirubrikhineegridiezikhoyokulencwadiukuhlola lemisebenzi. (30x2=60)

Iphepha lesi-3: I-orali

Umsebenzi woku-11. Sebenzisairubrikhiukuhlolalomsebenzi. (20)2. Sebenzisairubrikhiukuhlolalomsebenzi. (15)

Umsebenzi wesi-2a) Lemiqondisoyombaneilawulaukubethakwentliziyokunyeneminye

imisebenziebalulekileyo. (2)b) Imisingaehambaemzimbeniingaphazamisalemiqondisooko

kubangele ukushwabana kwezihlunu, kwentliziyo nokuphazamisekakokuphefumlanokufa. (1)

c) Iingozizombanenokhuseleko. (2)d) Umbaneyingozikodwazikhozintoonokuzenzaukuzeukhuseleke. (2)e) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana. (2)f ) Iimpendulozabafundiziyakwahlukana. (2)g) Kungokubanayoisebenzangombanengokoungenzakalalula

uyisebenzisakubaneka. (2)h) Kungokubamhlawumbibangathinenokudlalangazoabantwana

benzakale. (2)[15]


1i k o t a y o k u - 1 • u h l o l o


Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Yamkela nayiphi ephuhlisa

isicatshulwa. Nazi ezinye zazo. Ukukhula nzima kukaSamkelo;Ubuhlwempu budala umona; Ukungaguli nokokuba uyahlupheka.

b) Noxa ooSamkelo babekhula behlupheka kodwa bahlala bephilile ngenxayeyeza ababelinikwa ngumakhulu.

c) Umntu uyakhula nokuba ukhulela kwisimo esinjani.d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Yamkela nayiphi akwazileyo

ukuzixhasa ngayo umfundi.e) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Yamkela leyo athe wakwazi

ukuzixhasa kuyo.f ) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. g) Ukuveza amathuba emisebenzi. Ukwenza ukuba kwiindawo abahlala

kuzo kubekho amanzi awoneleyo ukuze bakwazi ukuzilimela imifuno.Abafundi bangakunika ezabo.

h) Abafundi baya kuza neempendulo ezahlukeneyo. Nantsi enye yazo:Akulunganga. Iziphiwo zabantu azifani ngoko awukwazi kuzithelekisanabanye abantu.

i) Nokokuba ukhulela phantsi kweyiphi imeko, ekugqibeleni uyakhula.

Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ukubhala isincoko

a) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko ebhalwe ngasentla.

Umsebenzi wesi-3 Ukubhala umhlathi

Khetha umbuzo ube mnye:a) Sebenzisa igridi engasentla yokuhlola ileta.b) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola izincoko engasentla.c) Sebenzisa le gridi ukuhlola lo msebenzi.

Isakhiwo 6

Izihloko 6

unamathelwano 2

Iingcebiso nezindululo 10

umxholo 4

upelo lwamagama 2

30

d) Sebenzisa le gridi ukuhlola lo msebenzi.

UHLOLO

Ikota yoku-1: Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni




Icandelo AUmbuzo woku-1: Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Wafumanisa ukuba eli khondo afuna ukulilandela linzima kwaye

linemithetho eqatha. (2)b) Ukuba ngumazisi. (1)c) ULinda ukhathazwa yinto yokokuba ibala kushishino lisekude

ekumeleni uluntu. Iintsingiselo zalo kufuneka ziqalise ukuhambisana kunye nezo zininzi zesizwe kwaye ngokwangoku akukho lulungiselelo lokwazisa kwikharityhulamu yesikolo. (3)

d) Uzifumana emathongweni, kumtshizo wamanzi xa uhlamba, ukuphuma nokutshona kwelanga okanye kwingxolo yamaza olwandle. (4)

e) Ukuba unomdla kweli kamva kufuneka unolwazi, ufunde kwaye uhambele iindawo. (2)

f ) Ukufundela nukuba ngumazisi. Naziphi ezinye eziza nabafundi eziphuhlisa intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. (2)

g) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2)h) Ikamva kunye nemiceli-mngeni yalo. (2)i) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2) [20]

Umbuzo wesi-2: Ukusetyenziswa kolwimia) Umntwana – ubuncinane ngokuzalwa. (2)b) Abazali, unozala, isizalo, inzala. Naziphi na izivakalisi eziphuhlisa

intsingiselo yala magama. (6)c) Isikolo – skool – kwisiBhulu – ngokufakela isimaphambili sesiXhosa. (2)d) Usana, imveku, imfambilini. Nasiphi isivakalisi esamkelekileyo

esinala magama. (4)e) Akulahlwa mbeleko ngakufelwa. (2)f ) Kwintlanganiso nabazali, kufuneka umzali abuze utitshala malunga

nenkqubela-phambili yomntwana wakhe. (2)g) Sisahlulo esithile kwicandelo laseburhulumenteni. Isebe

lemvula, lomthi. (2) [20]

Umsebenzi wesi-5 Ukushwankathela

IsishwankatheloSebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isishwankathelo engasentla.


3i k o t a y e s i - 2 • u h l o l o

Umsebenzi wesi-5 Intetho engalungiselelwanga

a) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola intetho xa uhlola lo msebenzi. (15)b) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola intetho xa uhlola lo msebenzi. (20)

Uviwo lwaphakathi enyakeni

Umsebenzi wesi-6

IPHEPHA LOKU-1

Icandelo A

Umsebenzi woku-1 Uvavanyo lokuqonda1. Apha sibona uMphathiswa wezezimali kunye noosomashishini

betshayelela imali beyifaka emigqomeni. Abanye oosomashishini baphethe iimophu. Intsingiselo yoku kukuba makucocwe onke amatyala. Xa ubani ewacutha okanye ewaphelisa amatyala, oko kuthetha ukuba uza kukwazi ukugcina imali. Ukanti xa enamatyala amaninzi. akasayi kukwazi ukugcina imali. (5)

2. a) Umdlalo phakathi kweqela leBafana Bafana neFransi. (1)b) Apha yayilukhuphiswano lweNdebe yeHlabathi lweBhola eKhatywayo.

Apha kwakuqubisene uMzantsi Afrika nelizwe laseFransi. (1)c) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. Thatha ezo zenza

intsingiselo kwaye esixhasiweyo. (1)d) Ewe babonakala ngokuvuthela iivuvuzela nokucula ngamanye

amaxesha. (2)e) Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kumfundi. (2)f ) Lwavuya kakhulu kuba iqela lesizwe lakwazi ukuzibonakalisa

kwamanye amazwe. (2)g) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)h) Lumanayano nobumbano. (2)i) Imidlalo iyakwazi ukudibanisa isizwe. (2) (15) [20]

Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ulwimi

a) Kushushu – kuyabanda Ehlala – enyuka Ulwelo – nomkhenkce (4)b) Amachaphaza – chapha (2)c) Amatyana – bonisa ubungakanani bobuninzi. (1)d) Ingcibi yamanzi ifa ngamanzi, eyezikhali ifa zizikhali (2)e) La – Isalathandawo sento ekufuphi kumntu othethayo nakulowo

kuthethwa naye. (2)

UHLOLO

Ikota yesi-2: Imisebenzi yohlolo esesikweni



f ) Ichaphaza, iphahla, amanzi (3)g) Oqinileyo, elikhenkcekileyo – izibaluli; zomkhenkce, emvula,

esichotya, lemvula, lesichotho – isimnini (4)h) Iqhaqahazelisa amazinyo. (1)i) Zisetyenziswe kwizivakalisi ezide. (1) (20) [40]

Icandelo B

Umsebenzi woku-1 Ushwankathelo

Sebenzisa irubrikhi ekhoyo kule ncwadi ukuhlola lo msebenzi. [10]

Icandelo C1, C2 noC3 [80]

QAPHELA: Akuzi kuba kho zimpendulo njengoko kungekho mibuzo.

Ukubhala

IPHEPHA LESI-2

Icandelo A (60)Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko ekhoyo kule ncwadi.

Icandelo B (60)a) –c) Sebenzisa iigridi zokuhlola iileta ekhoyo kule ncwadi.d) Sebenzisa igridi yokuhlola ingxelo ekhoyo kule ncwadi.e) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola uncwadi ekhoyo kule ncwadi.f ) Sebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isincoko. (30 x 2 = 60)



Umsebenzi wesi-7

Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kwincwadi yedrama eyenziwayo. (30)

Umsebenzi wesi-8

Sebenzisa irubrikhi ephantsi kwentetho. (20)

Umsebenzi we-9

Icandelo A

Umsebenzi woku-1 Uvavanyo lokuqondaa) Ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Abafundi banokunika ezabo. Yamkela

nayiphi echanekileyo. (2)b) Kungcoliseke umlambo ngoku amanzi amdaka kwaye izidalwa

ezihlala apha ziyafa. (2)c) Lolwamanzi (2)d) Indalo ayiphila apho kukho amanzi angcolisekileyo. (2)e) Yimisebenzi yabantu kunye nezilwanyana ezifana neenkomo. (4)f ) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya nkwahlukana. Thatha nayiphi ezathuzelweyo. g) Nantsi enye: Ikhona ukuba abantu banokuyeka ukulahla inkunkuma

nandawoni. h) kwaye baqinisekise kukho iindawo zokusela kwezilwanyana ezithile. (2)i) Utyatyazo, icesina, isisu segazi, ukukrala kwesisu. (2)j) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)k) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2) [20]

Umsebenzi wesi-2 Ulwimi

1. a) Umntu, isintu, uluntu, ubuntu. Izivakalaisi ezichanekileyo eziphuhlisa intsingiseloi yamagama. (4)

b) Le salatha into ekufuphi kumntu othethayo nakumntu ekuthethwa naye. (2)

c) Ukusweleka, ukubhubha, ukutshaba. (2)d) Ukwambath’ ingubo kaqaqaqa. Isivakalisi esiphuhlisa intsingiselo (2)e) Engqondweni, emzimbeni, kwezihlunu, kwentliziyo, kwimithambo.

Naziphi izivakalisi ezakhiwe ngezalathandawo ezibini. (2) [12]

2. a) Ilitye – elisendalweni, into elukhuni, umatshini wokusila, into eyakhiwayo okanye ixhonywe kubhalwe zonke izinto zesikhumbuzo songasekhoyo ibekwe phezu kwengcwaba, iimbobo zomzi kanantsi kuthiwa ngamatye: amatye alo mzi mane; akasibhozwanga! (3)

b) Iliso – apho umlambo uqala khona. Isivakalisi masiphuhlise le ntsingiselo. (2)

UHLOLO

Ikota yesi-3: Uhlolo olusesikweni



c) Iyeza. Isivakalisi masiphuhlise le ntsingiselo. (1)d) Isebe lomthi, lemvula. Isahlulo kwicandelo elithile

laseburhulumenteni. (2) (8) [40]

Icandelo B

IsishwankatheloSebenzisa irubrikhi yokuhlola isishwankathelo ukuhlola lo msebenzi. (10)



UHLOLO

Ikota yesi-4: Umsebenzi wohlolo olusesikweni

Icandelo A

Umbuzi woku-1 Uvavanyo lokuqonda

a) UZolile uhlala esoyika akucinga ngomhlobo wakhe owaswelekela ezandleni zakhe emva kokunyanzelwa ukuba asele ityhefu ngabaphathi bakhe. (2)

b) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahlukana. (2)c) Impatho-gadalala emsebenzini. Abafundi bangeza nezabo. Yamkela

nayiphi enika intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. (2)d) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. Yamkela impendulo enika

intsingiselo kwaye ezathuzelwetyo. (2)e) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. (2)f ) Iimpendulo zabafundi ziya kwahluka. Nantsi enye. Wayefuna ukucima

ityala ukuze abaphathi bangabanjwa. (2) g) Abanalo kwaye xa bengasakufuni bamele kukunika izizathu

zokungakufuni kwabo baze bakunike zonke iimali zakho kodwa oko bekwenza ngokwemithetho yabasebenzi. (2)

h) Kukubeka imithetho engqinqwa apho umqeshi kufuneka ebanjiweni xa ethe wakuphatha gadalala. Imithetho ekhusela abasebenzi kufuneka isebenzile ingabhalwa phantsi kuphela. (4)

i) Nasemisebenzini abasebenzi baphathwa kakubi. (2) [20]

a) Umntu, isintu, uluntu, ubuntu. Yamkela naziphi izivakalisi ezichanekileyo ezakhiwe ngala magama.

b) Abantwana – sibonisa ubuncinane ngokuzalwa. Ndlwana – sibonisa ubuncinane ngokobungakanani; kwimadlalana – ubuncinane ngokobungakanani

c) Emakhitshini, kwilokishi, eMdantsane, phandle – isalathandawo, ngemini – isihlomelo sexesha; kakhulu – isihlomelo sobunjani

d) Yabantu, wabo, wakhe, zaseMdantsane, bakhe, yezulu, wabamelwane – izimnini, ezincinane, zincinane – iziphawuli

e) Ezi – zalatha into ekufuphi kumntu othethayo nakulowo kuthethwa naye. f ) Umakhulu wakhe ebesoloko eboph’ amabande.g) Usana, imveku, imfambilini h) Izindlukazi – sibonisa isandiso. i) Ukudibanisa izinto ezingadibaniyo.j) Bonke – sime endaweni yesibizo. Yonke – siyagxininisa.

Icandelo B: IsishwankatheloSebenzisa irubrikhi ukuhlola lo msebenzi. Irubrikhi iphantsi kwesishwankathelo esikhoyo kule ncwadi. (10)

Umbuzo wesi-2 Ukuphuhlisa isigama nokusetyenziswa kolwimi



Icandelo C 1: Isihobe1. (i) Uzama ukusibonisa ukubaluleka kwamanzi.

(ii) Ngokwezitanza kunye nemiqolo kwisitanza ngasinye, imiqolo mine. (iii) Ubonisa ukuba indalo xa iyonke ayinakuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi. (iv) Umbhali wonwabile kwizitanza zokuqala kuba usixelela

ngokubaluleka kwamanzi kodwa imo yakhe iyatshintsha xa esixelela ngengozi ebangelwa ngamanzi.

(v) Akunqongophala, kumhla walawula kuFa – isimntwisi siphuhlisa umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso sibona umntu olawulayo.Entl’ Afrika sibalulek’ okwegolide – isifaniso siphuhlisa umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ubona indlela alondolozwa naxatyiswe ngayo amanzi ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo.Amawakawaka aqungquluzile yitsunami – sisihlonipho kuhlonitshwa ukufa. Umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ukubona izidumbu zabantu nomfanekiso wesikhumba ukuba novakalelo ngabo baswelekileyo. Kuba sinqab’ okwezinyo lenkuku – isifaniso – umfanekiso-ngqondweni weliso ukubona kunqongophele amanzi engafumaneki kwaye ikwangumfanekiso-ngqondweni wesikhumba ukuva intlungu yokungafumani amaninzi uwafuna.

(vi) Lo mhobe usichazela ngokubaluleka kwamanzi kodwa ebalulekile enjalo akwayingozi kuba kwezinye iindawo ezisempuma kubakho iitsunami. Kumintla we-Afrika amanzi axatyiswe kakhulu. Siyaxelelwa ukuba amanzi abaluleke kwindalo jikelele kwaye ngaphandle kwawo akukho mpilo.

2. Impendulo iza kuxhomekeka kumhobe owenziweyo.

Icandelo C 2: InoveliIimpendulo zale mibuzo ziya kuxhomekeka kwinoveli eyenziwayo.

Icandelo C 3: IdramaIimpendulo zale mibuzo ziya kuxhomekeka kwidrama eyenziwayo.

Ukubhala

Icandelo A: Izincoko• Hlolaizincokongeerubrikhiezikhoyokulencwadi.• Nikaabafundiithubaelaneleyolokuyakuphandangesihlokongasinye.

Xoxani eklasini ngolwazi oluze nomfundi ngamnye. Phinda ubethelele kakhulu kwinkqubo yokubhala ukuze abafundi bakho balulungele uviwo.

• Enyakenibachazeleukubamabasebenziseimephuyengqondoekucwangciseni iingcinga zabo, oko kuya kubanceda kakhulu ekucwangciseni imihlathi yabo.

• Bethelelakubafundiukubalulekakokutolikaulwaziolubonwayoukuzebakwazi ukubhala izincoko zabo.

• Phakathienyakenizamaukuwuqhelisalomsebenzi.

Icandelo B: Izicatshulwa ezide• Njengokoselekutshiwongasentla,bethelelakwinkquboyokubhala

kubafundi. Inkqubo yokubhala inceda kakhulu ekucwangciseni iingcinga neengcamango.

• Aphaabafundibangabhalaebodiniumsebenziobuziweyo.• Bangasebenzakakhulungokwamaqelaxabesenzaumsebenzingamnye

baze lo msebenzi bawufundele iklasi kwaye ukorekishwe ngamaqela. Oku kuya kuhlala ezingqondweni zabo.


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4.4 INKQUBO YOKUHLOLA

INkqubo yokuHlola yenzelwe ukubonisa imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni kuzo zonke izifundo esikolweni ngokwekota.

4.4.1 Ezi theyibhile zilandelayo zinika amagqabantshintshi ngeemfuno zeNkqubo yokuHlola kwikota nganye

kwisiXhosa uLwimi lwaseKhaya/lweenkobe: Itheyibhile 4.1: Amabanga 10 - 11

INkqubo yokuHlola I-SBA ngokwekota

Ikota yoku-1: Uvavanyo olu-1 olubhalwayo + Imisebenzi emi-3

Ikota yesi-2: Umsebenzi woku-1 + Uviwo lukaJuni olu-1 (olwaphakathi enyakeni) luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala

Ikota yesi-3: Uvavanyo olu-1 olubhalwayo + Imisebenzi emi-2

Ikota yesi-4: Uviwo olu-1 lokuphela konyaka luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala + Iphepha 3: I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: + Umsebenzi woku-1

Inqaku lekota (Ikota yoku-1 – 4): • Kwikota nganye, dibanisa amanqaku ngobunjalo bawo kunye neetotali uze uwaguqulele kwipesenti (%)

yenqaku lekota. Inqaku lokupasa:

• Dibanisa amanqaku ngobunjalo bawo kunye neetotali zemisebenzi yokuhlola ukusukela kwikota yokuqala ukuya kwikota yesi-4 uze uwaguqulele kuma-25%.

• Guqula iPhepha loku-1 libe ngu-32,5%, • Guqula iPhepha lesi-2 libe ngu-30%, • Guqula inqaku le-orali / lentetho yomlomo (iPhepha lesi-3) libe ngu-12,5%.

Itheyibhile 4.2: Amabanga 10 - 11

INkqubo yokuHlola Ikota yoku-1

Umsebenzi woku-1 Umsebenzi wesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-3 Umsebenzi wesi-4 *I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Ukuphulaphulela ukuthetha

**Ukubhala: Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo kwiBanga 10. Ukubhala: isincoko socamngco / esivelela amacala amabini ngokulinganayo / esixoxayo. kwiBanga 11.

**Ukubhala: Ukubhala imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / esesikweni (yesicelo / yesikhalazo / yesicelo somsebenzi / yoshishino) / iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso / ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini / intetho / incoko yababini / udliwanondlebe.

Uvavanyo loku-1: Ukuqondwa nosetyenziso lolwimi noshwankathelo. OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide.

Ikota yesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-5 Umsebenzi wesi-6 **I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga

Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni zangoJuni Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala


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Ikota yesi-3 Umsebenzi wesi-7 Umsebenzi wesi-8 Umsebenzi we-9 Uncwadi: Isincoko soncwadi *I-orali/Intetho yomlomo:

Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga

Uvavanyo lwesi-2: Ukuqondwa nosetyenziso lolwimi noshwankathelo OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide.

Ikota yesi-4

Umsebenzi we-10 Umsebenzi we-11

*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Elungisiweyo - Ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo kwiBanga 10. I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: intetho elungisiweyo - Ingxelo / irivyu kwiBanga 11.

Uviwo lokuphela konyaka: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala Iphepha 3: Ii-orali / intetho yomlomo

Itheyibhile 4.3: IBanga 12

INkqubo yokuHlola Uviwo lwangaphandle

I-SBA ngokwekota Ikota yoku-1:

Uvavanyo olu-1 olubhalwayo + Imisebenzi emi-4

Ikota yesi-2: Imisebenzi emi-2 + Uviwo lukaJuni olu-1 (olwaphakathi enyakeni) luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala

Ikota yesi-3: Uviwo lukaSeptemba olu-1 luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala OKANYE Uvavanyo olubhalwayo + Umsebenzi woku-1

Ikota yesi-4: Uviwo lwangaphandle olu-1 luquka: Amaphepha ama- 2: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala + Iphepha 3: I-orali/Intetho yomlomo:

Inqaku lekota (Ikota yoku-1 – 3): • Kwikota nganye, dibanisa amanqaku ngobunjalo bawo kunye neetotali uze uwaguqulele kwipesenti (%)

yenqaku lekota. Inqaku le-SBA:

• Dibanisa amanqaku ngobunjalo bawo kunye neetotali zemisebenzi yokuhlola ukusukela kwikota yokuqala ukuya kwikota yesi-3 uze uwaguqulele kuma-25%.

Uviwo lwangaphandle • Guqula iPhepha loku-1 libe ngu-32,5%, • Guqula iPhepha lesi-2 libe ngu-30%, • Guqula inqaku le-orali / intetho yomlomo (iPhepha lesi-3) libe ngu-12,5%.


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Itheyibhile 4.4: IBanga 12

INkqubo yokuHlola

Ikota yoku-1

Umsebenzi woku-1 Umsebenzi wesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-3 Umsebenzi wesi-4

Umsebenzi wesi-5

*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda

Ukubhala: Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esivelela amacala omabini / esocamngco / esixoxayo

Ukubhala: Ukubhala imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / esesikweni (yesicelo / yesikhalazo / yesicelo somsebenzi / yoshishino) / iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso / ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini / intetho / incoko yababini / udliwanondlebe.

I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga

Uvavanyo loku-1: Ukuqondwa nosetyenziso lolwimi noshwankathelo. OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide.

Ikota yesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-6 Umsebenzi wesi-7 Umsebenzi wesi-8 Isincoko soncwadi

*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga


Ikota yesi-3 Umsebenzi we-9 Umsebenzi we-10 I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: intetho elungisiweyo - Ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo.

**Iimviwo zamalungiselelo zangoSeptemba Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala

Qaphela: Uvavanyo lweNkqubo yokuHlola malube lunye hayi uthotho lweemvavanyo ezininzi ezimfutshane. Uvavanyo ngalunye kufanele luquke isixa esikhulu somxholo kwaye luthabathe imizuzu engama-45-60 lubonise amazing ohlukeneyo engqiqo kanye okwamaphepha eemviwo.



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4.4.2 Iimviwo Ifomathi yamaphepha eemviwo: Iphepha loku-1 nelesi-2 IPHEPHA ICANDELO AMANQAKU IXESHA

1. Uk

ufun

da n

okub

ukela

A: Ukuqondwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi (Uluhlu lweetekisi lunokusetyenziswa kuquka iitekisi ezibonwayo okanye imifanekiso)

40 (2x20)

130

3 iiyure

B: Ushwankathelo: Isicatshulwa masingakhutshwa kwitekisi yovavanyo lokuqonda. Ubude betekisi:

10

Amabanga Inani lamagama

10 ngamagama amalunga nama-220



C: Uncwadi

C1: Isihobe - esifundisiweyo (Seen) (makuphendulwe imibuzo emibini emifutshane / imibuzo yesincoko soncwadi evela kwimibongo emine.) kunye nesingafundiswanga (Unseen) (imibuzo emifutshane kuphela) (Esifundisiweyo = 20; Esingafundiswanga = 10)

30

C2: Inoveli okanye / uncwadi lwemveli - Umbuzo osisincoko soncwadi okanye umbuzo omfutshane. Hlola oku kulandelayo kwisincoko soncwadi:

• Umxholo (ukuhlalutywa kwesihloko, ubunzulu bengxoxo, indlela azakuzela ngayo ingxoxo leyo nokuyilandela kakuhle inoveli / udidi loncwadi lwemveli oluchongiweyo) (ngama-60%).

• Ulwimi nesakhiwo (isakhiwo, ukuthungelana kwengxoxo, ubugcisa bokusebenzisa ulwimi, imvakalozwi nesimbo sokubhala) (ngama-40%).

25

C3: Idrama - Umbuzo osisincoko soncwadi okanye umbuzo omfutshane. QAPHELA: Abaviwa kufuneka baphendule umbuzo OMDE OMNYE (OSISINCOKO) nombuzo OMNYE OMFUTSHANE kwiCandelo C2 okanye C3. Ubude besincoko soncwadi:

25

Amabanga

Inani lamagama

10 240 - 290 amagama


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11 290 - 340 amagama

12 340 - 390 amagama

Hlola oku kulandelayo kwisincoko sedrama: • Umxholo (ukuhlalutywa kwesihloko, ubunzulu bengxoxo,

indlela azakuzela ngayo ingxoxo leyo nokuyilandela kakuhle idrama) (ngama-60%).

• Ulwimi (isakhiwo, ukuthungelana kwengxoxo, ubugcisa bokusebenzisa ulwimi, imvakalozwi nesimbo sokubhala) (ngama-40%).

IPHEPHA ICANDELO AMANQAKU IXESHA

2. Uk

ubha

la

A: Isincoko – Sinye qwaba Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esocamngco / esixoxayo / esivelela amacala omabini / esivelela amacala onke ngokulinganayo. Ubude bombuzo omde (osisincoko):

60

120 3 iiyure

Amabanga

Inani lamagama 10

240 - 290 amagama 11 290 - 340 amagama 12 340 - 390 amagama

Hlola oku kulandelayo: • Umxholo nocwangciso (ngama-60%). • Ulwimi, isimbo sokubhala nokuhlela (ngama-30%). • Isakhiwo (li-10%).

B: Iitekisi ezimbini – imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / esesikweni (yesicelo / yesikhalazo / yesicelo somsebenzi / yoshishino / yombulelo / yovuyiswano / yovelwano) / iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso / ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini / intetho / incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe. Ubude betekisi:

60 (2 X 30)

Amabanga Inani lamagama

10 - 12 100 – 120 amagama umxholo kuphela

Hlola oku kulandelayo: • Umxholo, ucwangciso nefomathi (ngama-60%). • Ulwimi, isimbo sokubhala nokuhlela (ngama-40%).

Umxholo omawufundiswe Ukuhlola kujoliswe kanye kowona mxholo ofundiswayo ofumaneka kolu xwebhu. Ngenxa yokuthungelwana komxholo kumaBanga e10-12 jikelele, lo umxholo nezakhono uza kuhlolwa ngokupheleleyo kumaphepha angaphandle (external papers) eBanga le-12.. Imisebenzi yokuhlolwa ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo: Iphepha lesi-3 Imisebenzi yokuhlolwa ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo yonke eyenziwe enyakeni kwiBanga le-12 iyinxalenye yokuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwibanga le-12. Ingama-50 amanqaku kuma-300 amanqaku okuhlola kwangaphandle okwenziwa ekupheleni konyaka. Iinkcukacha ezingundoqo ngemisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo eyenziwa enyakeni zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:



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Iphepha lesi-4

IINKCUKACHA AMANQAKU Ii-

orali

Yonke imisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo isetwa, ihlolwe esikolweni kodwa iphononongwe (imodareythwe) ngaphandle.

• Ukuthetha: Intetho elungisiweyo / elungiselelweyo

Hlola: Izakhono zokuphanda, ukuceba nokucwangcisa umxholo, imvakalozwi, izakhono zokuthetha, ulwazi olunzulu ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi, ukuchonga isigama, uyilo nosetyenziso lwezincedisi eziviwa ngeendlebe kunye neziviwa ngendlebe zikwabonwa nangamehlo.

2X10

20

50

• Intetho engalungiswanga (equbulayo) Hlola: Ukuceba nokucwangcisa umxholo ngokugqibeleleyo, imvakalozwi, izakhono zokuthetha, ulwazi olunzulu ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi.

15

• Ukuphulaphula Hlola: Ukuphulaphulisisa ukuze uqonde okuthethwayo, uhlangule ulwazi oluthile kuko khon’uze ukuphonononge ngokunzulu.

15

15

4.5 UKUREKHODA NOKURIPOTA

Ukurekhoda yinkqubo apho utitshala abhala phantsi izinga lokusebenza lomfundi ngamnye kumsebenzi othile ohlolwayo. Kubonisa inkqubela-phambili yomfundi ekuzixhobiseni ngolwazi oluxeliweyo ngokweeNkcazelo zePolisi yeKharityhulam nokuHlola. Iirekhodi zomsebenzi womfundi kufanele zinike ubungqina ngenkqubela-phambili yomfundi ngokwebanga kunye nokulungela kwakhe ukuqhubela phambili xa epasile ukuya kwibanga elilandelayo. Iirekhodi zomsebenzi womfundi kufanele zisetyenziswe ukungqinisisa inkqubela-phambili eyenziwe ngootitshala nabafundi kwinkqubo yokufundisa nokufunda.

Ukukhupha iripoti okanye ingxelo yinkqubo yokwazisa abafundi, abazali babo, isikolo nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba malunga nendlela asebenza ngayo umfundi ezifundweni zakhe gabalala. Zininzi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukunika iripoti okanye ingxelo ngomsebenzi womfundi. Ziquka amakhadi eripoti okanye engxelo, ukubiza iintlanganiso nabazali, iintsuku zokutyelela esikolweni, iinkomfa zabazali nootitshala, ukufownela abazali, ukuthumela iileta kubazali, ukuthumela oolindixesha besikolo okanye beklasi kubazali, njalo njalo. Ootitshala kumabanga onke banika iripoti okanye ingxelo ngokweepesenti ngesifundo ngasinye. Amazinga ohlukeneyo empumeleloa kunye neepesenti ahambelana nazo adweliswe kwiTheyibhile engasezantsi.

IIKHOWUDI NEEPESENTI ZOKUREKHONDA NOKURIPOTA (NOKUNIKA INGXELO NGOMSEBENZI)

IKHOWUDI INKCAZELO NGENDLELA AQHUBE NGAYO KUMSEBENZI WAKHE UMFUNDI

IPESENTI

7 Uphumelele ngokugqwesileyo 80 – 100 6 Uphumelele emagqabini 70 – 79 5 Uphumelele ngokuqaqambileyo 60 – 69 4 Uphumelele ngokwanelisayo 50 – 59 3 Uphumelele ngokufanelekileyo 40 – 49 2 Uphumelele ngokuyinxalenye 30 – 39 1 Akaphumelelanga 0 - 29

Ootitshala besiXhosa mabarekhode amanqaku achanekileyo kumsebenzi ngamnye ohlolwayo besebenzisa iphepha lokurekhoda elisemthethweni; banike iripoti ngokweepesenti kwisiXhosa kwiripoti khadi yomfundi.

4.6 UPHONONONGO LOKUHLOLA


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Uphononongo okanye imodareyshini yinkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi ehlolwayo ichanekile, yamkelekile kwaye isemgangathweni ochanekileyo. Uphononongo lwenziwa esikolweni, esithilini, kwiphondo nakwandlunkulu. Zonke iinkqubo ezichanekileyo neziqingqiweyo zokuphonononga okanye zokumodareytha kufuneka zimiliselwe ukungqinisisa yonke imisebenzi yesiXhosa ehlolwayo.

4.6.1 Ukuhlola okusesikweni (i-SBA)

• Iimvavanyo noviwo kumaBanga 10 nele-11 ziphononongwa okanye zimodareythwe esikolweni. Umcebisi wesiXhosa wesithili / iphondo unoxanduva olusemthethweni lokuphonononga / ukumodareytha isampuli yemisebenzi ehlolwayo ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kanye xa endwendwele okanye etyelele esikolweni ukungqinisisa umgangatho owamkelekileyo wemisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kunye nophononongo / imodareyshini eyenziwe yintloko yesiXhosa.

• Iimvavanyo kunye neemviwo zeBanga 12 kufuneka ziphononongwe okanye zimodareythwe kwiphondo. Le nkqubo isingathwa lisebe lemfundo kwiphondo.

• Abacebisi besiXhosa kufuneka baphonononge okanye bamodareythe iisampuli zeemvavanyo namaphepha eemviwo phambi kokuba abhalwe ngabafundi ukungqinisisa imigangatho nokunika ootitshala besiXhosa isikhokelo sokuseta ngokusemgangathweni le misebenzi yokuhlolwa imiselweyo.

4.6.2 Imisebenzi yokuhlola ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo • Kumabanga 10-11: Umsebenzi ngamnye we-orali / wentetho yomlomo oyinxalenye yeNkqubo yokuHlola

kufuneka ungeniswe ngutitshala kwintloko yesiXhosa (HOD) ukuze iwuphonononge (iwumodareythe) phambi kokuba wenziwe ngabafundi. Ootitishala bahlola imisebenzi yokuhlolwa ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kwiBanga le-10 nele-11. Umcebisi esithilini okanye kwiphondo kufuneka aphonononge okanye amodareythe imisebenzi yokuhlolwa ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo xa etyelele esikolweni ukungqinisisa umgangatho wemisebenzi leyo nophononongo okanye imodareyshini eyenziwe esikolweni.

• KwiBanga 12: Yonke imisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo isetwa, ihlolwe esikolweni kodwa iphononongwe (imodareythwe) ngaphandle. Umsebenzi ngamnye we-orali / wentetho yomlomo oyinxalenye yeNkqubo yokuHlola kufuneka ungeniswe ngutitshala kwintloko yesiXhosa (HOD) ukuze iwuphonononge (iwumodareythe) phambi kokuba wenziwe ngabafundi. Ngumsebenzi katitshala ukuhlola imisebenzi ehlolwayo ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo. Umcebisi wesithili / iphondo unoxanduva olusemthethweni lokuphonononga / ukumodareytha isampuli yemisebenzi ehlolwayo ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kanye xa endwendwele okanye etyelele esikolweni ukungqinisisa umgangatho owamkelekileyo wemisebenzi ye-orali / yentetho yomlomo kunye nophononongo / imodareyshini eyenziwe yintloko yesiXhosa. Kunyanzelekile ukuba isampuli yabafundi kwisikolo ngasinye iphononongwe okanye imodareythwe ukungqinisisa umgangatho womsebenzi wabo we-orali / wentetho yomlomo.

4.7 ULWAZI GABALALA

Olu xwebhu kufanele ukuba lusetyenziswe kunye nala alandelayo: 4.7.1 National Protocol of Assessment Grades R – 12 4.7.2 Izikhokelo zoviwo lwesifundo ngasinye ezikuxwebhu lwepolisi esayilwayo, ethi: National policy

pertaining to the programme and promotion requirements of the National Curriculum Statement, Grades R - 12



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ULUHLU LWAMAGAMA Abantu abafumana ulwazi (abaphulaphuli, ababukeli) - aba ngabantu ekujoliswe kubo xa benikwa ulwazi oluthile; xa beza kuphulaphula okuthethwayo, babuke oku kwisicatshulwa ke ngoko, ababhali kufuneka basoloko becinga ngenjongo kwanabantu abamkela ulwazi abazakufunda, babuke ezo zinxibelelanisi. Amagama ahamba kunye: ngamagama asoloko ehamba kunye esetyenziswa kunye umz intlaka nexolo, amathe nolwimi. Enabileyo - xa into ibhalwe ngendlela ngendlela enabileyo, kuxa kunikwe iinkcukacha. Exhalabisayo - apha eli gama lisetyenziselwe ukubonakalisa indlela ekuthi xa umfundi esenza iziphene ezininzi xa ebhala, lowo ufunda into ayibhalileyo atsho anxube, angonwabi, ngenxa yezo ziphene.; kutsho ke kufuneke xa kunjalo utitshala oza kuba neliso kuloo mfundi, amncede Ezibhidanisiweyo - kubhekiselwe kwizimvo ezingabhalekanga kakuhle kwaphela, de athi ubani ofunda loo nto ibhalwe ngolo hlobo angayiva. Ezizezabo (izicatshulwa) - Xa umfundi eyila isicatshulwa kubalulekile ukuba aze nezakhe izimvo, angazinyibi ndawo, zivele kuye buqu. Fanelekileyo - kuxa kusetyenziswe ulwimi olufanelekileyo ngokwemo leyo, umz: xa uthetha nomntu omdala okanye umntu ohloniphekileyo kwimeko yomsebenzi, uchonga ulwimi olufanele loo meko. Igama elakhiwe kwelinye - eli ligama elakhiwe kwelinye igama okanye elakhiwe kwingcambu, (umz:-sela=intselo); la magama adla ngokwakhiwa ngokufakela izimaphambili okanye izimamva. Ii-akhronim - igama elakhiwe ngoonobumba bokuqala egameni xa lifinyeziwe, umz: iNkcazelo yeKharityhulam kaZwelonke (NKS). Iilitherasi - apha kubhekiswa kwiindidi ngeendidi zelitherasi(umz: ukwazi ukubona uqonde izinto ozibona ngeliso lenyama, imizobo, ukubala, kunye nokulandela izinto ezinxulumene norhwebo. Iindidi zoncwadi - apha kubhekiswa kwindlela uncwadi oluhlelwa ngayo (umz: inoveli, amabalana amafutshane, izincoko / amavo, izibongo,idrama okanye ifilimu). Amagama antsingiselo zichaseneyo - apha kudla ngokudibanisa amagama antsingiselo zichaseneyongabom, kusenzelwa isiphumo esithile. Xa kusenziwa le nto kusetyenziswa isichazi sihambelane nesibizo esichasene naso. Amagama asetyenziswa ngempazamo - kuxa ubani esebenzisa amagama antsonkothileyo ngelizama ukubonisa abantu ukuba uyalwazi yena ulwimi olo; nangona la magama enokubonakala ngathi afanelekile, kodwa ngendlela asetyenziswe ngayo aye abangeleukuhlekisa. Imeko(yetekisi) – itekisi isoloko isetyenziswa, yakhiwe ikwimo; imo ke ibandakanya iimeko ezifana nokusebenzisa izicatshulwa ezingqamene nezentlalo, ezenkcubeko nezepolitiki, umz; xa utitshala efundisa igrama, kufuneka angafundisi amagama ezimele koko ekwitekisi Imfanozandi- kukusetyenziswa kwezandi ezifanayo. Esi sangotshe sibaluleke kakhulu ekutyebiseni ulwimi nakuvuselelo-mizwa. Siwuzoba ngokupheleleyo umfanekiso waloo nto kuthethwa ngayo. Imbali - emfutshane enoburharha- le yimbali yeziganeko ezincinane ezibaliswa ngenjongo yokonwabisa, yokuchwayitisa, kwanokuveza ubunjani bomlinganiswa othile. Imbali - kubhekiswa kwibali elibaliswa ngomlomo okanye elibhaliweyo, elinezimvo ezilandelelana kakuhle ngokwendlela iziganeko ezenzeke ngayo. Imbeko - apha kuthethwa ngolwimi olusetyenziswa ngembeko; oku kubonisa ubuchule bokukhetha amagama afanelekileyo, umz:- ulwimi olusebenzisa xa uthetha nabantu abahloniphekileyo, nabadala alufani nolusetyenziswa ngoontanga bakho indlela ngeendlela zokusebenzisa ulwimi - ezi ndlela ngeendlela zibakho xa kukho ukulungelelaniswa okukhoyo kwisigama, kwiimo zezivakalisi namagama kunye nendlela igama elibizwa ngayo; oku ke kuyahluka kwingingqi nengingqi Ilitherasi - ilitherasi lulwazi lokufunda nokubhala, ukwazi ukusebenzisa amanani,ulwazi lwekhompyutha, ukuqonda indlela izixhobo ezibonwa ngeliso lenyama ezisetyenziswa ngayo njalo-njalo;eli gama lisenokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukukwazi ukulungisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluthile, kwanokubhalela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo; kukwabonakalisa ukwazi ukuvumbulula iintsingiselo ezendeleyo kwizicatshulwa nakulwimi, ukuze umntu asiqonde isicatshulwa ukuba singantoni Ilizwi likaNobalisa/lombalisi - eli lilizwi lomntu obalisa ibali;ungahlula phakathi kombalisi osebenzisa umntu wokuqala(umz: Ndi- usoloko engumlinganiswa ebalini, owenza izinto ngokwakhe - lifumaneka kakhulu


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kwizincoko/ kumavo) okanye umntu wesithathu, apho umbalisi abhekisa kubalinganiswa ngokuthi uThemba u ….okanye ooThemba ba…… Iindlela ngeendlela zokusebenzisa ulwimi - ezi ndlela ngeendlela zibakho xa kukho ukulungelelaniswa okukhoyo kwisigama, kwiimo zezivakalisi namagama kunye nendlela igama elibizwa ngayo; oku ke kuyahluka kwingingqi nengingqi Ilitherasi - ilitherasi lulwazi lokufunda nokubhala, ukwazi ukusebenzisa amanani,ulwazi lwekhompyutha, ukuqonda indlela izixhobo ezibonwa ngeliso lenyama ezisetyenziswa ngayo njalo-njalo;eli gama lisenokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukukwazi ukulungisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluthile, kwanokubhalela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo; kukwabonakalisa ukwazi ukuvumbulula iintsingiselo ezendeleyo kwizicatshulwa nakulwimi, ukuze umntu asiqonde isicatshulwa ukuba singantoni Ilizwi likaNobalisa/lombalisi - eli lilizwi lomntu obalisa ibali;ungahlula phakathi kombalisi osebenzisa umntu wokuqala(umz: Ndi- usoloko engumlinganiswa ebalini, owenza izinto ngokwakhe - lifumaneka kakhulu kwizincoko/ kumavo) okanye umntu wesithathu, apho umbalisi abhekisa kubalinganiswa ngokuthi uThemba u ….okanye ooThemba ba…… Imbali - emfutshane enoburharha- le yimbali yeziganeko ezincinane ezibaliswa ngenjongo yokonwabisa, yokuchwayitisa, kwanokuveza ubunjani bomlinganiswa othile. Imbali - kubhekiswa kwibali elibaliswa ngomlomo okanye elibhaliweyo, elinezimvo ezilandelelana kakuhle ngokwendlela iziganeko ezenzeke ngayo. Imbeko - apha kuthethwa ngolwimi olusetyenziswa ngembeko; oku kubonisa ubuchule bokukhetha amagama afanelekileyo, umz:- ulwimi olusebenzisa xa uthetha nabantu abahloniphekileyo, nabadala alufani nolusetyenziswa ngoontanga bakho Imibhalo yoqhagamshelwano - ezi ziitekisi ezifana neeleta, imizuzu yentlanganiso, ingxelo, iifeksi Imigaqo eyamkelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi - imigaqo eyamkelekileyo okanye xa kusetyenziswe intetho yolwimi; eminye imigaqo incedisa ekuqulatheni intsingiselo (umz: imigaqo yegrama, iziphumlisi, uhlobo oluthile lokusebenzisa oonobumba xa kuchwethezwa) ize eminye incedise ekuchazeni isiqulatho (umz: uluhlu lweziqulatho, indlela yokucwangcisa okuthile, izihloko, iitshathi, uluhlu, imifanekiso kunye nesalathiso) Imizobo – kubhekiswa kwimveliso yezokubonwa ngeliso lenyama, nezobugcisa ezizotywe ngesandla okanye ngekhompyutha, eziyiliweyo, njalo njalo Imo yokunxibelelanisa - zininzi iindlela zokunxibelelanisa, umz: ngokubhala, ngokuthetha okanye incoko yomlomo, ngokwenza imifanekiso ebonwa ngeliso lenyama (ibandakanya imizobo enjengeetshati); lwazi ke lungaguquguqulwa lususwe kwenye imo, luye kwenye (njengokusuka ekusebenziseni igrafu uye ekubhaleni umhlathi, usebenzise ulwazi ulususa kwi-orali/ kwintetho yomlomo uye kumfanekiso ophawuliweyo) Imo yomphefumlo - apha kuthethwa ngendlela umbhali woncwadi aziva ngayo xa ebhala incwadi, nokuba libali okanye isibongo; le mo ke idla ngokudizwa ngamagama asetyenziswayo (umz: ‘Yayiziinyembezi zodwa ecaleni kwaloo bhasi yayiqungquluzile’ la magama mabini anomgca ngaphantsi abonisa ukuba akonwatywanga apha Impazamo yokusebenzisa amagama amade ngendlela engafanelekanga - abanye abantu bayathanda nje ukusebenzisa amagama amade nantsonkothileyo, bezama nje ukutsala amehlo, de loo magama bawasebenzise ngendlela engafanelekanga, nedala intsini kophulaphuleyo Impixano – yimeko apho abalinganiswa baphikisana ngezimvo; lungquzulwano lwezimvo olubakho phakathi komlinganiswa nakubalinganiswa ababini nangaphezulu, umlinganiswa nendalo okanye abantu nje; ungquzulwano olu lungenzeka ngenxa yeemfuno zabo okanye into abayixabisileyo (isenokuba yeyangaphakathi / yeyangaphandle). Impoxo – kusetyenziswa esi sagwelo kuthi kubekho ukuncoma okuphoxayo/ yintetho eveza into echasene nale nto ubani ayithethayo; apha kuphoxiswa ngomntu umz:- xa usithi kumntu ofike mva kunani: 'Ndiva kakubi ukuba sifike phambi kwakho', ube wena umphoxela le nto efike emva kwexesha; sukube apha uphoxisa ngomntu. (umz: Xa usithi kumntu ofike mva kunani: ‘Ndiva kakubi ukuba sifike phambi kwakho’. – ube wena umphoxela le nto efike emva kwexesha Inkcaso - kuxa kusetyenziswa izimvo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo umz:- ukubila usoma Inkcaso-vuthondaba - Kuxa bekulindeleke ukuba kufikelelwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu ebalini, sele kulindelwe ukuhla kwesiganeko esibalulekileyo okanye esonwabisayo, suke kungade kufikelelwe kuso;okusuke kwenzeke


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kukuba kwisakhiwo sebali kuvela iziyolisi, kungenjalo isiganekwana nje esingabalulekanga kuyaphi, okanye kuphambukwe kwisiganeko ebesiphethwe, kuvezwe esitsha. Inkqubo yolongezelelo lweelwimi ezininzi - xa umntu efunda ulwimi (iilwimi) ukongeza kulwimi lwakhe lwasekhaya / lwenkobe; oku akuthethi ukuba olu lwimi luthatha indawo yolwimi lwasekhaya, koko lufundwa kunye nalo Intetho edidekisayo – kuxa kusetyenziswe ulwimi oludidekisayo ngabom ukwenzela ukufihla izinto eziyinyaniso ezenzekileyo, zifihlelwa umfundi okanye umphulaphuli Intetho eqhelekileyo enokufaka amagama angekho sikweni – olu lulwimi olusetyenziswa xa kuncokolwa nje ngabantu, lube lona lungekho sikweni Intetho esebenzisa amagama angenasongo – kukusebenzisa amagama athile okanye uluvo oluthile, de kuphele nesongo sawo kuba esetyenziswa njalo; kude kulahleke nentsingiselo yawo Intetho esetyenziswa ngabantu bomsebenzi othile (ijagoni) - kukho amagama asetyenziswa ngabantu baloo msebenzi, wena mntu ungasebenzi apho ongenakuyilandela intsingiselo yawo, ngaphandle kokuba ude ucaciselwe umz:- ulwimi olusetyenziswa ngootithala, oonesi, oogqirha njalo njalo Intsingiselo ejijiweyo - yiloo ntsingiselo ivezwa sisivakalisi xa ubani esebenzise igama ngokungafanelekanga, okanye kwindawo engafanelekanga, aze athi lowo ulwaziyo ulwimi, xa efunda eso sivakalisi afumane ukuba intsingiselo iba yengeyiyo, okt. ijijiwe. Intsingiselo erheshayo - kuxa kusetyenziswe igama ngendlela apha engatsolisiyo, kodwa ube uqonda ukuba lirhesha into ethile, libugwegweleza, aliyi ngqo Intsingiselo eziwe ngecala - intsingiselo eziwe nje ngecala kwitekisi, engavezwanga ngendlela ethe ngqo Intsingiselo yentsusa/eqhelekileyo - yile ntsingiselo icacileyo yegama kuloo meko likuyo. umz:- Eli bhastile lam lihle. uthetha ngebhastile eli lihle liligungqu lokudlala, kanti xa intsingiselo ibifihlakele ngesithetha ngobuhle mhlawumbi bomfazi. Intsingiselo-mbini - indlela amagama asetyenziswa ngayo, ndlela leyo enokwenza athi ofundayo angaziqondi ncam ukuba elo gama lisetyenziswe kuyiphi kanye kanye imeko; le ndlela ke ingayijika intsingiselo Intsingiselo-zwi yesibini - le yintsingiselo yesibini engaphaya kwale yentsusa eqhelekileyo; umz: igama ihagu lithetha isilwanyana esi yihagu, kodwa xa usiya kwintsingiselo yesibini ingathetha ukutyeba, ubumdaka, ukubawa njalo njalo Intsusa - kubhekiswa kuloo nto esukela kuyo intshukumo okanye imeko I-oksimoroni – kwesi safobe kusetyenziswa amagama aphikisanayo ngohlobo lokuba umfundi abhideke, ibe ngathi ayicacanga eyona ntsingiselo yesiqwenga eso, kanti uya kuthi akusondela, ayiqonde into esiyithethayo. Intetho le iba ngathi iyaziphikisa kanti akunjalo I-Paradokisi: yintethwana enobutyhulu yokuthi ichasane noko kwamkeleke njengenyaniso. Irejista – amagama asetyenziswa kwimiba neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Umz. amagama asetyenziswa ngumfundi xa ethetha nomnye umfundi ongumhlobo wakhe ahlukile kumagama awasebenzisa xa ethetha notitshala amhloniphileyo. Isafobe – eli ligama okanye ibinzana elisetyenziswe ngendlela ezekelisayo, ukuphumeza loo ntsingiselo; imizekelo yezafobe zizifaniso, isimntwiso, isikweko njl. Isakhiwana sebali - yintshukumo encedisayo, ehamba calanye nesakhiwo esiphambili kwinoveli okanye umdlalo Isakhiwo sebali - esi sisicwangciso somsebenzi woncwadi ngakumbi kwiidrama neenoveli; isakhiwo sebali sibandakanya indlela le ilula yokulandelelana kweziganeko, ebonisa uzalwano phakathi kweziganeko, kubonakale futhi ukuba le into yenzeka ngenxa yaleya Isichasaniso- kusetyenziswa amagama achaseneyo ukucacisa imeko ethile Isichasi - ligama elibonisa into echaseneyo nelinye igama kwakolu lwimi lunye, umz:- ubhityile>utyebile Isifaniso - kuxa ufanisa into ethile nenye; apha kusetyenziswa amagama afana noo "njenge-", "nqwa ne-", "oku kwe-", umz:- Uhambisa oku kukanina Isigqebelo - yimeko eyenzeka ebalini apho, abantu abafundi bathi babe nolwazi angenalo yena umlinganiswa ngelo xesha ngento eseza kwenzeka kuye okanye kwabanye abalinganiswa; sinento yokwenza nembono/indlela ubani into ayibona ngayo/ kukusetyenziswa kwamagama ngendlela yokuba eyona ntsingiselo yokuthethwayo ifihlwe okanye iphikiswe/kusebenzisa intetho enentsingiselo ethwethwayo nefihlakeleyo, eyahlukileyo kuleyo ithe ngqo.


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Isigqebelo cim cim - luhlobo lwesigqebelo olwenzeka xa ngokwakwisakhiwo sebali, abantu abafumana ulwazi bekwazi ukuba nolwazi angenalo yena umlinganiswa ngelo xesha ngento eseza kwenzeka kuye okanye kwabanye abalinganiswa Isigqebelo sedrama– kulapho abalinganiswa benza izinto bengazi babe bona bafundi bencwadi sebetyhilelwe/abalinganiswa banokwazi okwahlukileyo kubabukeli. Isihlanganisi - ligama elimsebenzi walo ikukwenza ukuba izivakalisi mazinxibelelane kakuhle zenze imihlathi elandelelanayo, mihlathi leyo enokuphela isakha izicatshulwa; umz. xa, kodwa. Isihlanganisi - ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amagatya ukuze enze isivakalisi esinye Isihloko esigqamileyo - isihloko senqaku elithile, somfanekiso, ifoto njalo njalo, esidla ngokunceda ukutsala umdla ngendlela esikhethwe ngayo - ukubonisa inqaku elo ukuba lingantoni na Isihlonipho – yintetho emnandi esetyenziselwa ukuquma isenzo esibi, esilinyala okanye esilihlazo emehlweni abantu/kuxa intetho ekhangeleka ngathi ibiza into ngqo, icezelwa ngokusebenzisa intetho evakala kamnandi umz:- uqhuba amatakane, endaweni yokuthi unxilile Isikweko – sisafobe apho kuthi kusetyenziswa enye into xa kuchazwa enye into, oko kusenziwa kuba ezo zinto zineempawu ezifanayo, umz:- UThemba lo yinyoka (kuba enobungozi njengenyoka) Isimntwiso –sisafobe esithi sifanise into engemntu siyifanisa nomntu; kuxa kuthathwe iimpawu zomntu zanikwa izinto ezingengobantu, umz:- Tywala ungumlahlekisi (utywala apha benziwe baneempawu zobuntu kwathiwa buyalahlekisa) Isinedokhi: ukubiza into ngaleyo iyinxenye yayo. Isingqisho - kukubizeka kwamagama, izandi, okanye amabinzana kwivesi ngendlela evakala kamnandi; le nto idla ngokufumaneka kwizibongo Isinxibelelanisi - kubhekiswa kuzo zonke iitekisi zonxibelelana, ezizezi: ezomlomo, ezibhalwayo, ezibonwayo, eziviwa-zibonwa Isiphumo - kuthethwa isiphumo sentshukumo/sesenzo okanye imeko Isiqalelo - eli gama lisetyenziswe apha kwimo yokubonisa uhlobo lwetekisi eyakhiwe ngumfundi, tekisi leyo ebonisa umgangatho osezantsi wokuyila; umfundi ololu hlobo usafuna ukuncediswa aqeqeshwe Isiqulatho - eli ligama elisetyenziselwa ukubonisa izinto ezibandakanyiweyo kwizinto ezifana amaxwebhu njl. njl. Isithetha-ntonye/isifanokuthi - ngamagama athetha into enye umz:- ukurhala/ukubawa, umtshakazi/umakoti Isixhobo esibonakalisa ubuciko - esi sisixhobo esifana naxa isithethi sinqumama, sisebenzisa uphindaphindo xa sithetha, sisenzela ukucenga okanye ukuqinisekisa lowo uphulaphuleyo Isizathu - yinto engunobangela wento eqhubekayo, okanye imeko ekhoyo Itekisi efundeka ngeendlela ngeendlela - apha kubandakanywa izicatshulwa, izixhobo ezibonwa ngeliso lenyama, eziviwa ngeendlebe, umz. iividiyo, njl. ; xa umfundi enika intetho elungisiweyo angasebenzisa izilayidi, imifanekiso, iividiyo njl. Itekisi enobunyani – luhlobo lwetekisi olusetyenziselwa ukuba ubani awubone umfanekiso wento ekuthethwa ngayo; ayiveli kuncwadi yona ( umz:-isenokuivela kwimagazini nakwimanqaku elivela kwiphephandaba, okushicilelwe kuvela koonomathotholo kunye noomabonakude, izibhengezo, iileyibhile zezinto ezithengiswayo, iibrowutsha ezinika iinkcukacha ezimalunga nomakwaziwe ngabatyeleli, amaphepha avela kurhulumente ekufuneka ezalisiwe, kwakunye nemizekelo yeeleta eziyinyani)



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thoni / imvakalo-zwi - apha kunokubhekiswa kuqala kwindlela ubani abiza ngayo igama; eli gama "ithoni" xa lisetyenziswe nzulu likwabhekisa kwindlela igama elithile elisetyenziswe nzulu ngayo kwisivakalisi; kwisicatshulwa ithoni yegama ibhekisa kwindlela igama elisetyenziswe ngayo kuloo mo, nentsingiselo eliyizisayo; kwifilim ithoni ingaphunyezwa ngohlobo lomculo odlalwayo, kungenjalo imo-ntlalo Izandi ezahlukeneyo - kuthethwa izandi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neqabane l elahlukileyo kwiqabane Okuqukwayo - kule mfundo yale mihla kufuneka imfundo ifikeleleke kuye wonke ubani; bubakho ubuncinane bokufuneka kuphunyelelwe, obucaciswayo, bubhekisa kubo bonke abafundi, khon'ukuze abo bafundi baneemfuno ezizodwa ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni babe nabo bayabandakanyeka; yaye kule mfundo kugxininiswa ekubeni bangacalucalulwa bafundiswe bodwa Ubabazo/ugqithiso/ubaxo – sisafobe esibonisa ukubaxa xa umntu ethetha ngento ethile, umz:- 'Wandiphakela intaba yokutya', apha kuthethwa ukutya okuninzi Ubuchule bokuqiqisisa - kuxa umfundi esebenzise izimvo zakhe xa, mhlawumbi ebhala okanye esenza intetho, ngendlela apha ebonisa ukuba unobuchule bokuyicingisisisa into phambi kokuba ayithethe okanye ayibhale phantsi; loo nto ke itsho ngento evakala okanye efundeka kamnandi Ubuchule bokusebenzisa amagama ngendlela yokuhlasela - obu bubuchule obusetyenziswayo xa umfundi efunda igama angalaziyo; uye aliqhawu-qhawule libe ngamalungu okanye ajonge intsingiselo eziswa zizimaphambili, kungenjalo izimamva, esenzela ukude ayive kakuhle intsingiselo yalo Ubuhle - ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ukuyila into ngokucoliseka nangolonwabo thoni / imvakalo-zwi - apha kunokubhekiswa kuqala kwindlela ubani abiza ngayo igama; eli gama "ithoni" xa lisetyenziswe nzulu likwabhekisa kwindlela igama elithile elisetyenziswe nzulu ngayo kwisivakalisi; kwisicatshulwa ithoni yegama ibhekisa kwindlela igama elisetyenziswe ngayo kuloo mo, nentsingiselo eliyizisayo; kwifilim ithoni ingaphunyezwa ngohlobo lomculo odlalwayo, kungenjalo imo-ntlalo Izandi ezahlukeneyo - kuthethwa izandi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neqabane l elahlukileyo kwiqabane Okuqukwayo - kule mfundo yale mihla kufuneka imfundo ifikeleleke kuye wonke ubani; bubakho ubuncinane bokufuneka kuphunyelelwe, obucaciswayo, bubhekisa kubo bonke abafundi, khon'ukuze abo bafundi baneemfuno ezizodwa ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni babe nabo bayabandakanyeka; yaye kule mfundo kugxininiswa ekubeni bangacalucalulwa bafundiswe bodwa Ubabazo/ugqithiso/ubaxo – sisafobe esibonisa ukubaxa xa umntu ethetha ngento ethile, umz:- 'Wandiphakela intaba yokutya', apha kuthethwa ukutya okuninzi Ubuchule bokuqiqisisa - kuxa umfundi esebenzise izimvo zakhe xa, mhlawumbi ebhala okanye esenza intetho, ngendlela apha ebonisa ukuba unobuchule bokuyicingisisisa into phambi kokuba ayithethe okanye ayibhale phantsi; loo nto ke itsho ngento evakala okanye efundeka kamnandi Ubuchule bokusebenzisa amagama ngendlela yokuhlasela - obu bubuchule obusetyenziswayo xa umfundi efunda igama angalaziyo; uye aliqhawu-qhawule libe ngamalungu okanye ajonge intsingiselo eziswa zizimaphambili, kungenjalo izimamva, esenzela ukude ayive kakuhle intsingiselo yalo Ubuhle - ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ukuyila into ngokucoliseka nangolonwabo Ukufreyima - kuxa utyhola umntu, umbekela izabatha, athi engenzanga nto atyholwe kuthiwe nguye Ukufumana inxalenye -kubhekiswa kumfundi ongaphumelelanga ncam, ofumene ezinye iziphumo, ingezizo zonke Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ungacoseleli - kukufunda isinxibelelanisi ukhawulezisa, usenzela nje ukufumana ukuba singantoni na umz:- ukufunda izihloko kwiphepha-ndaba ukhangela ukuba zithini iindaba eziphambili Ukugqibelela - eli gama lisetyenziswe kwimo yokubonisa umntu ocingayo phambi kokuba asebenzise ulwimi, alusebenzise ngokufezekileyo Ukuhlekisa ngokusebenzisa ulinganiso - xa kuhlekiswa ngomntu othile ngendlela yokusebenzisaindlela ebhanxayo; kunokusetyenziswa umfanekiso obonisa iimpawu zakhe eziphuhlileyo, ngendlela ebaxayo, kuba kufunwa ukuhlekisa okanye ukubhanxa ngaye Ubumbo zivakalisi (isinteksi) - yindlela amagama alungelelaniswa ngayo ukwakha izakhiwo zegrama, umz:- amabinzana, amagatya, izivakalisi njl. njl; apha kujongwa nemithetho elawula ubumbo-zivakalisi Ubungakanani boonobumba - apha kujongwe koonobumba abasetyenziswa xa kuchwethezwa ngekhompyutha, le nto kuthiwa yifonti, Ubunono/ubuchule - eli gama lisetyenziselwe ukubonisa ukuba xa usebenzisa ulwimi ngobunono kuxa uchula ukunyathela ekukhetheni amagama, ukhethe igama elifanele loo meko Uchasaniso - ngamagama achaseneyo kwisivakalisi /umqolo umz: Bangena bephuma


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Ukuba neliso kwindlela amagama asetyenziswa ngayo - apha kuthethwa ngokwazi ukucazulula indlela intsingiselo evezwe ngayo, ukwazi ukugqala amandla ulwimi olunawo; xa umfundi eyiqaphela indlela amagama asetyenziswa ngayo, nentsingiselo ayinikwayo kuloo mo, umfundi uya kukwazi ukumelana neendlela zokuqhathwa ezinokuvezwa lulwimi olo, akwazi kananjalo ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngononophelo Ukubaza ingqondo - xa kusithiwa ubani uphulaphule ebaze ingqondo kuthethwa ukuba uphulaphulisisile, yaye uyivulile ingqondo Ukufreyima - kuxa utyhola umntu, umbekela izabatha, athi engenzanga nto atyholwe kuthiwe nguye Ukufumana inxalenye -kubhekiswa kumfundi ongaphumelelanga ncam, ofumene ezinye iziphumo, ingezizo zonke Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ungacoseleli - kukufunda isinxibelelanisi ukhawulezisa, usenzela nje ukufumana ukuba singantoni na umz:- ukufunda izihloko kwiphepha-ndaba ukhangela ukuba zithini iindaba eziphambili Ukugqibelela - eli gama lisetyenziswe kwimo yokubonisa umntu ocingayo phambi kokuba asebenzise ulwimi, alusebenzise ngokufezekileyo Ukuhlekisa ngokusebenzisa ulinganiso - xa kuhlekiswa ngomntu othile ngendlela yokusebenzisaindlela ebhanxayo; kunokusetyenziswa umfanekiso obonisa iimpawu zakhe eziphuhlileyo, ngendlela ebaxayo, kuba kufunwa ukuhlekisa okanye ukubhanxa ngaye Ukuhlela - kukulungisa iziphene zegrama, zosetyenziso lolwimi, ukulungisa iziphene kupelo njalo njalo, kusenzelwa ukuba okubhaliweyo kufundeke kakuhle; xa kuhlelwa ke, umhleli kufuneka ajonge nolandelelwano lwezimvo, nesimo sezivakalisi, kunye nemihlathi Ukuhlola - yinkqubo yokuqokelela ulwazi oluthile malunga nesakhono somfundi kumsebenzi awenzayo; oku kungenziwa rhoqo, kusetyenziswa iindlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola Ukucazulula - xa ufunda, mhlawumbi itekisi, uze uchaze ukuba igama elithile libonakalisa ntoni, lisetyenziswe njani, kuba kutheni, liza nafuthe lini - sithi uyalucazulula ulwimi okanye uyawacazulula amagama Ukuchaza into ngamanye amazwi - kuxa uluvo okanye okuqulethwe kwisicatshulwa kuphinda kubhalwa ngamazwi alowo ubhala eso sicatshulwa kwakhona, oko kukuthi, usebenzise awakho amagama endaweni yalawo ebekwisicatshulwa. Ukucikoza - kubonakalisa ubuchule bokuthi ubani xa ethetha okanye ebhala asebenzise ulwimi olunezimvo ezilandelelanayo, nezinamatheleneyo, ngale ndlela ke ulwimi luye luvakale kamnandi, kananjalo luchazeke kakuhle Ukucinga ngendlela eyilayo - le yinkqubo yokucinga ngezimvo okanye iimeko ngeendlela zokuziqambela, okanye ngendlela engaqhelekanga,nto leyo ebonisa ubuchule balowo ucingayo Ukudlala ngamagama- ukusetyenziswa kobumbolo-mbini begama.



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Ukuhlola kwezidingo - olu hlobo lokuhlola lwenzelwa ukujonga ukuba ziintoni na iingxaki ezisendleleni yokuphumelela komfundi; akube ke utitshala ezifumene ezi ngxaki, uyakwazi ukuza namacebo afanelekileyo Ukuhlola okushwankathelayo - olu ke lona uhlobo lokuhlola lunika ingxelo eshwankathelweyo, nebonisa ubuchule obugqibeleleyo asele enabo umfundi, kumsebenzi aselewunikiwe, emva kwekota, isiqingatha sonyaka okanye ekupheleni konyaka; okubalulekileyo kukuba akufuneki kunikwe uhlobo olunye lwendlela yokuhlola, aze ke abe selegwetywa ngalo umfundi Ukuhlola okusisiseko - kubalulekile ukuba phambi kokuba abafundi bafundiswe khe kuhlolwe ukuba yintoni na asele beyazi, beyazi kangakanani na loo nto; utitshala ke emva koku uyakwazi ukuqhuba nezifundo zakhe Ukuhlola okwakhayo - xa kumane kusenziwa olu hlobo lokuhlola ngutitshala, sukube ejonge ekufumaneni inkqubela phambili yomfundi; akulindwa de ube mninzi umsebenzi, ze kunikwe uvavanyo emva koko; kuye kunikwe nengxelo ngohlobo olwakhayo, nolungamtyhafisiyo umfundi Ukukrwaqula ukhawulezisa - kuxa ubani ebalekisa amehlo xa efunda nokuba sisinxibelelanisi mhlawumbi, esenzela nje ukufumana ulwazi oluthile, umz:- ukubalekisa nje amehlo ujonga igama elithile nenombolo yemfonomfono yomntu, okanye ukufumana ixesha emka ngalo ibhasi okanye uloliwe, xa ukrwaqula isicwangcisi-maxesha senkampani yeebhasi Ukulandelelana nonxibelelwano olusetyenziswe ngobuchule - kubhekiswa kwindlela enokuthiimihlathi ilandelelane ngobuchule bokuqiqisisa; obo buchule bunento yokwenza nokulandelelana kwezimvo, nto leyo yenza intsingiselo evakala kamnandi kofundayo, nophulaphuleyo; imihlathi enjalo ibonisa ulandelelwano lwezimvo, apho izivakalisi zilandelelana ngobuchule obukhulu Ukulawula ulwimi - kuxa umfundi esebenzisa ubuchule bokwazi ukuba makasebenzise liphina igama, nini, njani, kuba kutheni Ukulungelelanisa (intetho) - kukumisa kakuhle intetho yakho ngokulandelelanisa izimvo Ukunamathelana /ukuyondelelana- kukho izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ukuphuhlisa uyondelelwano phakathi kwezivakalisi, xa kusakhiwa imihlathi okanye iziqwenga; ezi zizixhobo ezifana nezimelabizo okanye amagama anokuphindaphinda into ethethwayo ngeendlela ngeendlela,umz:- Umntwana wesikolo uwenze kakuhle umsebenzi wakhe. Lo mntwana kucacile ukuba uzimisele.u- lo mntwana usabhekisa kwisibizo esisekuqaleni u umntwana, encedisa ukwenza olu nxibelelwano ngesiya sikhombisi u-lo Ukundyondyisa emva ngabom -apha ke sukube ingaba bavezwe mfiliba abadlali xa sibukele nokuba yifilim; bavezwa mfiliba ngemva kuba sukubu bengabalulekanga ngelo xesha ngokwesiganeko sebali; sithi ke basandyondya emva belinde elabo ithuba lokuba bagqame; ukundyondya kukulinda ndaweni ithile, ulindele elakho ithuba; nebhasi le xa umqhubi esayenza shushu, igquma kuhle sithi iyandyondya Ukunkqenkqezisa phambili ngabom - xa sijonge umdlalo kamabonakude, siye sibone kukho abantu kuloo mboniso abavezwe mfiliba, ze kubekho aba bagqamileyo; aba bacacileyo ke ngabo umbhali abankqenkqezisa (ababalekisa) phambili ngabom kuba kufuneka amehlo ethu abone bona, kuba iziganeko sukube zingqamene (zijonge) nabo Ukunqaphaza - ukungayenzi/ukungenzeki kwento ngendlela exhaphakileyo Ukuphaphamisa into engaphefumliyo - kuxa kusenziwa abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezisemfanekisweni zibe ngathi ziyashukuma Ukuqalisa- -kuxa ubani inguye oqala into, njengencoko, baze abanye babhekise phambili Ukuqonda okunzulu - yindlela athi ubani acazulule ngayo indlela intsingiselo yegama eyakhiwe ngayo;apha kufuneka umfundi aqonde indlela ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngayo, kwakunye namandla alo; obu bunzulu bolwimi bumenza ukuba umfundi amelane nokuqhathwa, ingakumbi kwizinto ezifana nezibhengezo; ude ke umfundi ajonge indlela ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngononophelo ngayo Ukuthelekelela - kukufunda into, uze uzakhele olwakho uluvo usebenzisa intelekelelo Ukuthelekisa - kuxa uthelekisa izinto ezimbini ngeenjongo zokufumana umahluko Ukuthetha ngezandla/ngentloko - luhlobo lokuthetha/lokuqhakamshelana nomntu othile ngokusebenzisa izandla okanye unqwale nje intloko xa ubonisa ukuba uyavuma Ukuyimela (into) - kuxa ubonakalisa ukungajiki xa uxoxa ngento ethile, futhi uzixhase Uluvo lwakho - yindlela ubani azithatha / azibona ngayo izinto Ulwimi lwasekhaya - olu lulwimi abantwana abalufunda ekhaya besakhula, belufunda ngokulinganisa; olu lulwimi abafunda ngalo ukucinga; ulwimi lwasekhaya lomfundi ongumXhosa sisiXhosa Ulwimi lwesizwana - olu luhlobo lolwimi olulungiselelwa isizwana esithile; olu lwimi lwahlukile kwezinye iimo zolo lwimi lusukela kulo, malunga namagama asetyenziswayo, ukwakhiwa kunye nendlela abizwa ngayo


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Ulwimi olongezelelweyo - kuthethwa ngolwimi olunokufundwa ngumfundi esongeza kolo lwakhe lwasekhaya, umz:- umfundi olwimi lwakhe lusisiXhosa afunde isiNgesi esongeza kwisiXhosa. Ulwimi oluchukumisayo - lulwimi olusetyenziswe ngendlela apha ebanga usizi deubani athi azive enosizi efuna ukulila, abe novakalelo Ulwimi oluqhathayo - kuxa ubani esebenzisa ulwimi oluthile ngendlela yokuqhatha umntu, ezama mhlawumbi ukumphembelela ukuba makawele kweli lakhe icala; umzekelo uyafumaneka kwizibhengezo, apho kusetyenziswa ulwimi olunobuqhetseba ngamanye amaxesha; umz:- Thenga nazi izisulu, zikho namhlanje kuphela. Ulwimi olusetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngolunye ulwimi - kukho isigama esisetyenziswayo xa sithetha ngolwimi;oku kubandakanya isigama esifana nala magama asetyenziswa ngabantu abafundisa ulwimi: "imeko", "isimbo sombhali", "isakhiwo sebali", "incoko yababini" nesinye isigama. Ulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abathile - la ngamagama, okanye isimbo, igrama okanye indlela ubani alinyusa ngayo ilizwi; la magama asetyenziswa ngabantu abathile, okanye ababhali abathile kwiimo okanye iimeko ezahlukeneyo, umz:- xa kubhalwa ileta yobuhlobo okanye yasebuRhulumenteni, ulwimi olusetyenziswayo alufani; kanti naxa uthetha nomntu omdala kunawe, awusebenzisi lwimi lunye njengaxa uthetha nontanga wakho Umabizwafane - ligama elibizwa, lipelwe ngokufana nelinye, kodwa libe lahlukile ngentsingiselo umz:- idolo, eli siguqa ngalo; idolo eliligobe kwindlela yemoto Umatshini wokubonisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya - izixhobo ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa umboniso bhanya-bhanya, njengokukhanya okanye uhlobo lokufota oluthile Umbuzo-buciko - luhlobo lombuzo olungalindeli mpendulo xa lubuzwa; kwenzelwa nje ukugxininisa. umz:-Nithi ndihlalele ni ndingafi nje? Umfanekiso-ntelekelelo - kuxa kusetyenziswa amagama adala imifanekiso ezingqondweni zethu njengokusebenzisa izifaniso, izikweko, izimntwisi namanye amagama adala umfanekiso engqondweni yomntu. Umgqalisela - xa kusithiwa unomgqalisela wento kuthethwa ukuba uyijonge ngemehlo elibukhali neliqaphelayo, umz:- umfundi kufuneka xa efunda abe nomgqalisela wezinto ezithile ukuze akulandele akufundayo, aze athi naxa ehlolwa akukhumbule abekufundile nabekubonile; makaqwalasele, aqaphele ke lilonke Umlinganiselo - esi sisikali esibonisa ukuba umfundi uphumelele kangakanani na ngokwemilinganiselo ebekiweyo, nevunyiweyo, milinganiselo leyo echazwe kakuhle, ngaphantsi kwesahluko sesine kwinqanaba ngalinye Umngqungqo -kuxa kukho amagama afanayo okanye imiqolo efanayo; ingazizikhamiso, kungenjalo amaqabane, okanye igama; le nto idla ngokwenzeka ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni komqolo, okanye kumana kuphindwa igama okanye umqolo othile; yonke le nto yenza isandi somngqungqo Umongo - kukujonga ukuba incwadi leyo uyifundayo,isicatshulwa okanye umbongo ungantoni . Umqobo - yinto ethintela ukuba ubani akwazi ukwenza into, umz:- ulwimi lungangumqobo osendleleni yomntu xa abantu bolo lwimi bethetha wena ungeva, okanye umfundi ongalulandeliyo ulwimi lokufunda nokufundisa angazibona engaqhubi kakuhle kwizifundo zakhe, ngaloo ndlela lungumqobo endleni yakhe eya kwimpumeleloU Umqondiso/isimboli - yinto esetyenziswa imele into ethile, umz:- ihobe ngumqondiso woxolo Umtsalane - yinto eyenza umdla kulowo ubukeleyo, iyakutsala ke ngamanye amazwi Umtsalane othambekele ecaleni - le yindlela athi ubani abonakalise ukuba nomkhethe wento ethile, yingcingane ,kungenjalo uluvo oluthile, nto leyo enokukwenza ubunzima ukuveza isigqibo esifanelekileyo nesanelisayo ngento ethile Umxholo – yeyona mbono ingundoqo kubhalo loncwadi; isicatshulwa singanemixholwana emininzi, eminye kuyo ingacaci gca ibe selubala Unxibelelwano ngeendlela ngeendlela - zezi zinxibelelanisi ziyimizobo ziqulethe imiyalezo, ezifana neefilim, imifanekiso, iikhathuni, imizobo, njalo njalo Uphindaphindo lwezandi ezifanayo - kwizibongo kunokuphindaphindwa izandi ezifanayo, nokuba ngamaqabane okanye izikhamiso, umz:- Iqaqa liziqikaqika kuqaqaqa. Usetyenziso lwamagama amaninzi angeyomfuneko -kuxa kusetyenziswa amagama, iziqwengana okanye izivakalisi ebezinokushiywa, ukuze ke naxa sezide zashiywa, kuye kungabikho nto ivakalayo Uvumephika - kukusetyenziswa kwezimvo ezimbini ezichaseneyo Uvuthondaba - kuxa kufikelelwe kwelona nqanaba liphezulu ebalini, nqanaba elo lonwabisayo, liphuhlisayo,nelibalulekileyo; apha sukube kungekho kubuya ngamva ebalini.



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ISIHLOMELO 1 Ulwakhiwo lolwimi nemigaqo yalo (itshathi yokwalathisa) Ulwakhiwo lolwimi Iindidi nezakhi Izakhi zamagama Izimaphambili, iingcambu nezimamva Izibizo izibizo ezakhiwe kwizenzi

Izibizo ezakhiwe kwezinye izibizo Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizichazi Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizifanekisozwi Izibizo ezakhiwe kwizikhuzo Izibizo ezimbaxa Intloko nenjongosenzi Isini Isininzi Izinciphiso Isandiso Izibizo ezakhiwe kwezinye izigaba zentetho

Izimelabizo Isimelabizo soqobo Isimelabizo soqobo sokugxininisa Isimelabizo sokukhomba Isimelabizo soquko Isimelabizo sochazo Isimelabizo sokukumbi Isimelabizo sokunye

Izenzi Izenzi namaxesha azo Izixando zezenzi Iintlobo zezenzi

Izichazi Isiphawuli Isibaluli Isimnini Esoquko Esokukumbi / esobalo

Izihlomelo Iindidi zezihlomelo Iimo Imo evumayo

Imo elandulayo Izalathandawo Iindidi zezalathandawo Amagatya nezivakalisi igatya elimbaxa nelongezelelweyo

igatya elimbaxa, elihamba nelibalulayo intetho-ngqo nengxelo-ntetho igatya elibalulayo igatya eliyintloko isivakalisi esilula isivakalisi esimbaxa ucwangciso lwamagama ngokukuko uvumelwano / isivumelanisi isilanduli

Imihlathi (usebenzisa izihlanganisi)

Ukulandelelana kweziganeko: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu, phambi, emva, nini, de, ekugqibeleni, ngaphambili, okulandelayo, emva koko, kutshanje. Ingcaciso / unobangela nefuthe: ngoko ke, ngenxa yesi sizathu, emva koko, ukusukela, ngenxa, kungenxa, ngoko ke, kulandela, ukuba kuthe … kuya kuthi …. Umgaqo olandelwayo: okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu. Ukuthelekisa / ukuchasanisa: iyafana, yahlukile, incinci kune, inkulu kune, nangona, kodwa


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Ngokokubaluleka: rhoqo, ekugqibeleni. Ucwangciswa ngokobume bendawo: ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi, ngasekhohlo, ngasekunene, njalo njalo. Ukubhala ngokuthe gabalala: gabalala, ukugqiba. Umhlathi okhethekileyo: ngokoluvo lwam, inkolo, uluvo, ingqiqo, ndicinga ukuba, ndithathela ingqalelo, ndikholelwa ukuba, ndithanda, ndithemba. Ukuhlela imihlathi: inokwahlulwa, inxulumene, ihambelana, izalana, iyinxalenye. Umhlathi ochazayo: ngasentla, ngasezantsi, ecaleni, kufuphi, emntla / empuma / emazantsi / entshona, isayizi, ibala, isakhelo, injongo, ubude, ububanzi, ubunzima / umthamo, isantya, ifana. Umhlathi wokuphonononga: entle/embi, echanekileyo/engachanekanga, evumelekileyo/engavumelekanga, ebalulekileyo/engabalulekanga, ukucebisa/ukundulula, ukubonisa, ukuxoxa. Umhlathi ocacisayo: inokucaciswa, ludidi oluthile. Umhlathi wokuvala: ukuququmbela, ukushwankathela, ushwankathelo, ngokufutshane, njengoko ubona.

Izifanekisozwi Umz. dyumpu, ngqu, pam Izikhuzo Umz. kwekhu! Kowu! Awu! Yhooo! Uphuhliso lwesigama nezigaba zentetho zolwimi

Izifanokuthi / izithethantonye Izichasi Amagama angcambu-nye Oomabizwahluke Oomabizwafane Igama elinye endaweni yebinzana Izigaba zentetho (isifaniso, isihlonipho, isimntwiso, oksimoroni, isinxulumaniso, isifanodumo, ubaxo/ubabazo/ugqithiso, uchasaniso, isigqebelo, isihlekiso, ukuphela kovuthondaba, isimboli, isihlonipho, uvumephika, iparadoksi, ukudlala ngamagama antsingiselo imbaxa, intetho engenabuzaza, igama elimele elinye.) izaci namaqhalo, amagama emboleko, amagama amatsha nemvelaphi yamagama.

Iimpawu zokubhala Iqhagamshela (-) Iikholoni (:) Isimeli-nobumba (’) Iimpawu zocaphulo (“…”) Izibiyeli () Uphawu loshiyelelo lwamagama okanye amabinzana kwisivakalisi (…)

Upelo lwamagama Iindlela zokupela amagama Imigaqo nemiqathango yopelo lwamagama Ufinyezo lwamagama Ushunqulo lwamagama


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3.5.1 IBANGA 10

IBANGA 10 IKOTA YOKU-1 Iiveki Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela

yoku

-1 u

kuya

kwey

esi-2

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (oluxhobisayo, oluphicothwayo nokuncomayo) Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure

• Iimpawu eziphambili zokufundwayo namacandelo encwadi kuquka iindidi zoncwadi gabalala

• Ufundo loncwadi

Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure

Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / esesikweni (yesicelo / yesikhalazo / yesicelo somsebenzi / yoshishino) iileta eziya kumhleli/ isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala

• Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela

• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omfutshane okhethelwe ukuba ubhalwe

• Ukwakhiwa kwezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo

• Ukubhalwa kwemihlathi ngokukuko

• Ukuchonga isigama ngokuchanekileyo

• Irejista (umgangatho wolwimi osetyenziswayo), isimbo sokubhala nendlela ovakala ngayo umhlathi kwabo ulungiselelwe bona

• Imigaqo yokubhalwa kolwimi ngokukuko


yesi-

3 uku

ya kw

eyes

i-4

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano

• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo yengxoxo-mpikiswano elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga

• Ukucwangcisa ingxoxo-mpikiswano elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukuqhuba uphando ngengxoxo-mpikiswano elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukulungelelanisa nokuchophela ingxoxo-mpikiswano elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga

Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure

• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo (Jonga ku 3.2) • Ufundo loncwadi


1 x Isincoko Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala


• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lwesincoko esikhethiweyo




• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela esivakala ngayo isincoko kwabo silungiselelwe bona




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ye

si-5 u

kuya

kwey

esi-6

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (oluxhobisayo, oluphicothwayo noluncomayo) Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure

Ukufundela ukuqonda : Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo

• Ufundo loncwadi Ubude bexesha: 4 iiyure

Imihlathi: Ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala


• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lomhlathi omfutshane okhethiweyo




• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela ovakala ngayo umhlathi kwabo ulungiselelwe bona



yesi-

7 uku

ya kw

eyes

i-8

Incoko yababini / incoko

• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwincoko yababini / kwincoko

• Ukucwangcisa incoko yababini / incoko, ukuqhuba uphando ngengxoxo / ngencoko, ukulungelelanisa nokuchophela incoko yababini / incoko


• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi

• Ufundo loncwadi


Imihlathi: Intetho / incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala


• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lwencoko ekhethiweyo




• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela ovakala ngayo umhlathi kwabo ulungiselelwe bona




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ye-9

uku

ya kw

eye-1

0


• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo yentetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga

• Ukucwangcisa intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukuqhuba uphando ngentetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukulungelelanisa nokwenza intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga


• Ukubhala isishwankathelo

• Ufundo loncwadi


Imihlathi: Intetho / ingxox / udliwano-ndlebe Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala«

• Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala (Ukucwangcisa, uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela)

• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lomhlathi okhethiweyo




• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela evakala ngayo intetho / incoko yababini kwabo ilungiselelwe bona



Imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni nenyanzelekileyo Umsebenzi woku-1 Umsebenzi wesi-2 Umsebenzi wesi-3 Umsebenzi wesi-4 *Iorali / intetho yomlomo: Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda

**Ukubhala: Isincoko esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo

**Ukubhala: Ukubhala imihlathi

Uvavanyo loku-1: Ukuqondwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi nesishwankathelo OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide

. **Ukubhala: Khetha isincoko esinye nomhlathi omde ukulungiselela ukuhlola okusesikweni nokunyanzelekileyo ekupheleni kwekota.



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IBANGA 10 IKOTA YESI-2

Iiveki Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela

ye-1

1 uku

ya kw

eye-1

2

Incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe

• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwincoko yababini / kudliwano-ndlebe

• Ukucwangcisa incoko yababini / udliwano-nondlebe, ukuqhuba uphando ngengxoxo / ngodliwano-ndlebe, ukulungelelanisa nokuchophela incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe


• Ukufundela ukuqonda: iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo (Jonga

ku 3.2)

• Ufundo loncwadi


Imihlathi: Intetho / incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala


• Imo / iimpawu zengxoxo yababini / zodliwano-ndlebe




• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abayiva ngayo intetho / incoko yababini abo ilungiselelwe bona



ye-1

3 uku

ya kw

eye-1

4


• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo (ubugcisa bokuthetha esidlangalaleni, isakhiwo namalungiselelo oko) kwintetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga



• Ukubhala isishwankathelo • Ufundo loncwadi


1 x Isincoko: Esibalisayo / esichazayo / esixoxayo Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala


• Imo / iimpawu zodidi lwesincoko esikhethiweyo




• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abasiva ngayo isincoko abo silungiselelwe bona




5A M A X W E B H U

39 | P a g e

ye-1

5 uku

ya kw

eye-1

6

Iincoko zababini ezingekho sikweni / incoko

• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kusenziwa iincoko zababini ezingekho sikweni / incoko.

• Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yolwimi.


• Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo (umzekelo izibhengezo, iikhathuni, imifanekiso)


Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / eyaseburhulumenteni (eyesicelo / eyesikhalazo / eyombulelo / eyoshishino (eyokuodola / eyentengiso) iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala


• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omde okhethiweyo




• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abayiva ngayo imihlathi abo ilungiselelwe bona





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IBANGA 10 IKOTA YESI-2 Iiveki Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela

ye-1

7 uku

ya kw

eye-1

8

Ingxoxo yephaneli

• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kusenziwa ingxoxo yephaneli.

• Ukucwangcisa, ukuqhuba uphando, ukuzilungelela xa kusenziwa ingxoxo yephaneli.


• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi ngokukuko

• Ufundo loncwadi


Imihlathi: Ingxelo / irivyu / inqaku lephephandaba / inqaku lemagazini. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala


• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi omfutshane okhethiweyo




• Irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abawuva ngayo umhlathi abo ulungiselelwe bona



ye-1

9 uk

uya

kwey

ama-

Iimviwo zaphakathi enyakeni zangoJuni

Imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni nenyanzelekileyo Umsebenzi wesi-5 Umsebenzi wesi-6 **I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga


**I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Abafundi kufanele benze ubuncinane umsebenzi omnye wokufunda (olungiselelweyo nongalungiselelwanga), owokuthetha (olungiselelweyo nongalungiselelwanga) kunye nomnye wokuphulaphula ngonyaka.

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Documents–S&M isiXhosa Gr10 TG.indd 6 2011/11/07 10:34 AM

7A M A X W E B H U

41 | P a g e


IZAKHONO

Iiveki Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela

yam

a-21

uku

ya ku

ma-2

2


• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kuchotshelwa iintlanganiso nemiqathango yentlanganiso elandelwayo

• Ukucwangcisela ukuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango yentlanganiso elandelwayo, ukuqhuba uphando ngokuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango yentlanganiso elandelwayo, ukulungelelanisa ukuchotshelwa kweentlanganiso nemiqathango yentlanganiso elandelwayo


• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Ukuchazwa kwentsingiselo yeetekisi eziviwayo


Imihlathi Ileta yobuhlobo / eyaseburhulumenteni (eyesicelo / eyesikhalazo / eyombulelo / eyoshishino (eyokuodola / eyentengiso) iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala

• Ukucwangcisa, ukubhalwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela










42 | P a g e

yam

a-23

uku

ya ku

ma-2

4 Ukubalisa ibali

• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kubaliswa ibali

• Ukucwangcisela ukubalisa ibali, ukuqhuba uphando ngokubalisa ibali, ukulungelelanisa ukubaliswa kwebali


• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Uphuhliso lwesigama nosetyenziso lolwimi ngokukuko

• Ufundo loncwadi



• Ukucwangcisa, ukwenziwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela

• Imo / iimpawu zesincoko esikhethiweyo







yam

a-25

uku

ya ku

ma-2

6


• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwintetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga

• Ukucwangcisa intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukuqhuba uphando ngentetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga, ukulungelelanisa intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga


• Ukufundela ukuqonda: • iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo

(Jonga ku3.2)

• Ufundo loncwadi


Imihlathi: Intetho / incoko yababini / udliwano-ndlebe. Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala










9A M A X W E B H U

43 | P a g e


Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha

Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela

yam

a-27

uku

ya ku

ma-2

8


• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwintetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga



Ukubhala ushwankathelo • Ufundo loncwadi



• Ukucwangcisa, ukubhalwa/uhlaziyo lwedrafti, ukuhlela nokunikezela









1 0 S t U d y & M A S t E r i n c i n d i y o l W i M i l W E S i X H o S A i B A n g A l E - 1 0

44 | P a g e

yam

a-29

uku

ya ku

ma-3

0

Ukuphulaphulela ukuqonda (okuxhobisayo, okuphicothwayo nokuncomayo) Ubude bexesha: 1 iyure

• Ukufundela ukuqonda:Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo (Jonga

ku3.2)

• Ufundo loncwadi











Imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni nenyanzelekileyo Umsebenzi wesi-7 Umsebenzi wesi-8 Umsebenzi we- 9 Uncwadi: Isincoko soncwadi

*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Intetho elungiselelweyo / engalungiselelwanga

Uvavanyo lwesi-2: Ukuqondwa nokusetyenziswa kolwimi noshwankathelo OKANYE Uncwadi: Imibuzo emifutshane / emide


1 1A M A X W E B H U

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Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha Ukufunda nokubukela Ukubhala nokunikezela

yam

a-31

uku

ya ku

ma-3

2

Ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo

• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo xa kusaziswa isithethi / kusenziwa amazwi ombulelo

• Ukucwangcisela ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo, ukuqhuba uphando ngokwaziswa kwesithethi / ngokwenziwa kwamazwi ombulelo, ukulungelelanisa ukwaziswa kwesithethi / ukwenziwa kwamazwi ombulelo


• Ukufumana intsingiselo kwiitekisi ezibonwayo Ufundo loncwadi


Imihlathi: Ileta yobuhlobo / eyaseburhulumenteni (eyesicelo / eyesikhalazo / eyombulelo / eyoshishino (eyokuodola / eyentengiso) iileta eziya kumhleli / isivi neleta eyikhaphayo / i-obhitshuwari / i-ajenda nemizuzu yentlanganiso Inkqubo elandelwayo yokubhala










1 2 S t U d y & M A S t E r i n c i n d i y o l W i M i l W E S i X H o S A i B A n g A l E - 1 0

46 | P a g e

yam

a-33

uku

ya ku

ma-3

4 Ingxoxo yephaneli




• Ukufundela ukuqonda: Iindlela zokufunda okubhaliweyo(Jonga ku 3.2) • Ufundo loncwadi











yam

a-35

kuya

kum

a-36

Ingxoxo yephaneli




• Ukubhala isishwankathelo




• Imo / iimpawu zomhlathi okhethiweyo




• irejista, isimbo sokubhala nendlela abawuva ngayo umhlathi abo ulungiselelwe bona




1 3A M A X W E B H U

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yam

a-37

uku

ya ku

ma-3

8

Ingxoxo yeforam / yeqela / yephaneli

• Iimpawu nemigaqo elandelwayo kwingxoxo yeforam / yeqela / yephaneli



Amalungiselelo oviwo Ukufunda nokubukela: Ukufundela ukuqonda nokusetyenziswa kolwimi Isishwankathelo Uncwadi: Inoveli / uncwadi lwemveli Idrama Isihobe

Amalungiselelo oviwo Ukubhala nokunikezela: Izincoko Imihlathi

yam

a-39

uk

uya

kum

a-40

Iimviwo zokuphela konyaka ngoNovemba

Imisebenzi yokuhlola esesikweni nenyanzelekileyo Umsebenzi we-10 Umsebenzi we-11

*I-orali/Intetho yomlomo: Elungisiweyo - Ukwazisa isithethi / ukwenza amazwi ombulelo.

Iimviwo zokuphela konyaka ngoNovemba: Iphepha 1: Ukufunda nokubukela Iphepha 2: Ukubhala Iphepha 3: I-orali/Intetho yomlomo


10Ibanga

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I-Study & Master Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa ibhalwe liqelalababhali abanamava ukuqinisekisa umoya. Imithetho-sisekonomxholo wenkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharikhyulamunokuHlola (CAPS) ezitolikiweyo kwaye ezikhoyo kwincwadiyomfundi nakwisikhokelo sikatitshala.

Incwadi YomfundiLe ncwadi yahlulwe yaba ziikota ezine ezahlulwe ngokwezahluko. Iikota ezintathu zokuqala zinezahluko ezithathu ize ikota yesine ibe nezahluko ezibini kunye nako konke okuphathelele noviwo. Ikota nganye inombala ozahlula ngayo kwezinye iikota. Imifanekiso nemibala ekule ncwadi ivuselela umdla neengcinga zomfundi. Kukho imisebenzi efuna ulwazi nezakhono zokuhlalutya nokutolika. Kukho imisebenzi eliqela eza kunceda umfundi akwazi ukuzilungiselela uviwo.

Isikhokelo SikatitshalaIsikhokelo Sikatitshala esibanzi nesinezinto ezintsha. Kule sikhokelo kufakwe iNkcazelo yePolisi kaZwelonke yeKharikhyulamu nokuHlola yamaBanga 10–12. Kunikwe iingcebiso zokufundisa umsebenzi ngamnye okwincwadi yomfundi. Yonke imibuzo ebuzwe kwincwadi yomfundi iphendulwe kule sikhokelo. Le sikhokelo sikwaqulathe nezakhono nolwazi ekufuneka zifundisiwe kweli banga. Kukho noluhlu lwezixhobo onokuzisebenzisa xa ufundisa. Isigama esifakwe kule sikhokelo seso sikwiPolisi.

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Incindi Yolwimi LwesiXhosa - Cambridge University Press

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