Post on 08-Feb-2023
IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY
TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 1
Automation System Master Station
IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY
TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 2
Outline
I. Introduction
II. System Architecture
III. SCADA System Design Criteria
IV. Master Station Functions
V. EMS Functions
VI. DMS Functions
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 4
Introduction
Control Centers objectives:Monitor and control in real-time the power systemControl the generation and delivery of the power required to fulfill the customers needsPerform economical and reliable system operation.
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 5
Introduction
Control Centers objectives:Maintain the voltage, frequency and time error within permissible limits
Network Based Automation
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WAN
Hub
RTU
Network Operator
Control Center
Application ServerCommunication
front-endRouter
Router
Gateway1 2 0
1 2 2
1 1 9
IED
1 2 0
1 2 2
1 1 9
IED
Substation A
Hub
RTU
Router
1 2 0
1 2 2
1 1 9
IED
Substation B
Network Operator
Control Center
Application ServerCommunication
front-endRouter
Dedicated Line
Remote Maintenance
1 2 0
1 2 2
1 1 9
IED
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 8
System Architecture
Modern control systems are based on distributed architecture:
Easier to upgradeEasier to maintainHigher reliabilityEasier to adapt the necessary processing power
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 9
Typical System
Communication Front-endApplicationServer 1
ApplicationServer 2
dual LAN
CommunicationServer
Mimic BoardControler
to otherControlCenters RT
U
HMIHMI
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 10
Subsystems
Human-Machine InterfaceApplication ServersData ServersCommunication Front-EndsCommunication Servers
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 11
Human-Machine Interface
Communication Front-end
MMI
Application Server 1 Application Server 2
MMI
dual LAN
CommunicationServer
Mimic BoardControler
to other ControlCenters
RTU
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 12
Human-Machine Interface
Multi-VDU systems.Based on Windows technology (X-Windows or Microsoft)New trend: WEB based
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 13
Human-Machine Interface
Mapboard
Wall mounted mapboard
Rear-projection systems (more expensive but more flexible)
Mosaic systems (less flexible, but still show topology during complete power failure)
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 14
Application Servers
Communication Front-end
MMI
Application Server 1 Application Server 2
MMI
dual LAN
CommunicationServer
Mimic BoardControler
to other ControlCenters
RTU
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 15
Application Servers
Support SCADA software
Support EMS/DMS functions
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Data Servers
Historical and future data baseConfiguration and database management
Software version management
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Communication front-ends
Communication Front-end
MMI
Application Server 1 Application Server 2
MMI
dual LAN
CommunicationServer
Mimic BoardControler
to other ControlCenters
RTU
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 18
Communication front-ends
Used as an interface between substations and Control SystemMission criticalSupport different communication protocols (DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101)
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 19
Communication Servers
Communication Front-end
MMI
Application Server 1 Application Server 2
MMI
dual LAN
CommunicationServer
Mimic BoardControler
to other ControlCenters
RTU
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 20
Communication Servers
• Used for communication with other systems, control centers or utilities.
• ICCP (TASE.2)• WEB server• Intranet/Internet• Enterprise
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TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 21
Master Station Design Criteria
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Master Station Design Criteria
AvailabilityMaintainabilityPerformanceSecurityExpandability
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Availability
Total time of satisfactory operationAvailability =
Reference period
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Availability
Redundancy is used to improve the reliability:Hot standbySpare redundancy
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MaintainabilityThe system must have appropriate tools to enable many functions:
preventive maintenance, system debugging, corrections, updates and enhancement,Database updateTests
without affecting system performance or reliability.
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Performance
Response time
the length of time it takes from the instant a function is requested until the instant the outputs from this function are available
Normal state
Emergency state
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Expandability
Available physical spacePower supply capacityHeat dissipationProcessor throughput and number of processorsMemory capacity
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Expandability
• Point limits of hardware, software, or protocol
• Bus length, loading, and traffic• Limitations on routines,
addresses, labels, or buffers• Unacceptable extension of scan
times by increased data
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Security
AccessIntrusion
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Master Station Functions
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Master Station Functions
Data AcquisitionData ProcessingSupervisory ControlTaggingHuman-Machine Interface
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Data Acquisition
Scan the RTU and support the following objects:
Single Point Information (SPI)Double Point Information (DPI)Measurements (ME)Single Command (SC)Double Command (DC)Set-Point (SP)Integrated Total (IT)
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Data Processing
Convert raw values to engineering unitsCheck for limits violationGeneral alarms
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Data Processing
Calculated valueP = V * I
Manually replaced value
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Supervisory Control
Direct OperateSelect before operateSet-point
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Direct Operate
MasterStation RTU
Control
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Select Before Operate
MasterStation RTU
Device Selection
SelectionConfirmation
Control
ControlConfirmation
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Set-point
MasterStation RTU
Set-point
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Tagging
Provides information or warning to operator regarding restrictions or malfunctions of power system devices
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Human-Machine Interface
Worldmap :A Worldmap is a two-dimensional graphical representation of the real world. Each point in a worldmap is defined by a pair of unique X, Y coordinates.
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Human-Machine Interface
Zooming :
This function changes the magnification of the worldmap.
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Human-Machine Interface
Zooming
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Human-Machine Interface
Zooming
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Human-Machine Interface
Decluttering :This function gives the ability to mask or unmask information while zooming.
IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY
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Human-Machine Interface
Decluttering :
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Human-Machine Interface
Decluttering :
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Human-Machine Interface
Decluttering :
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Human-Machine Interface
Decluttering :
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Human-Machine Interface
Panning :This function allows the operator to move the worldmap window to different positions over the entire worldmap.
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Human-Machine Interface
Privilege ManagementEach user has some privileges related to its role.For instance, the database administrator must not have the privilege of sending commands to the RTU
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Human-Machine Interface
Area responsibility
Physical parts or functions of the power system can be assigned to different operators.
The operators can obtain information from other areas but are not able to control the devices in other areas.
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Human-Machine Interface
User Profile :Each user has some preferences on the way information is displayed on the screen. Preferences are stored in the user profile and are applied when a user logs into the system.
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Human-Machine Interface
Tabular Displays :Tabular Displays show a listing of application data. For instance, a tabular display can list all the substations and display their current status.
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Human-Machine Interface
Trend Displays :Trend Displays show graphically the variation in time of power system data. This data can be selected by the operator.
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Generation Planning and Scheduling
Unit CommitmentInterchange Transaction SchedulingLoad Forecasting
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Generation Control
Economic Dispatch Calculation Automatic Generation Control (AGC-LFC)Generation Reserve MonitoringNERC Performance Monitoring
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Power System Analysis
Real time or study mode• Network Topology Processor• State Estimator• Network Reduction• Dispatcher Load Flow
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Power System Analysis
Real time or study mode• Optimal Power Flow• Short Circuit Calculation• Contingency Analysis
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Marketing
OASISAvailable Transfer Capability (ATC)Total Transfer CapabilityRisk management and analysis
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Power System Analysis
DMS Functions