Post on 30-Jan-2023
Citric Acid
Acetic Acid
EDTA
Lactic Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Formic Acid
Sulfamic Acid
Nitric Acid
sulfonic Acid
CAS Number
79-14-1
5949-29-1
64-19-7
60-00-4
79-33-4
7664-38-2
64-18-6
5329-14-6
7697-37-2
75-75-2
Commercial Form
70% Solution
Liquid / Solid
Liquid
form
88% Solution
Liquid
Liquid
Solid
Liquid
Liquid
Soluble
soluble
Flash point 44-
Flammability
Not Flammable
Not Flammable
Flash Point 44oC
Not Flammable
Not Flammable
Odor
negligible
Odourless
odor
Odourless
negligible
Odorless
strong, acrid
Odourless
Choking Odour
mild
mild to most
Severe to many
Severe to many
mild to most
Corrosivity
materials
Corrosive
corrosive
Corrosive
low corrosion
metals
restricted use
Corrosive
metals
materials
BPD Supported
Supported
Not Supported
Not Supported
Not Supported
Supported
Not Supported
Not Supported
Not Supported
Not Supported
Not Supported
"Not readily
"readily
"readily
Not
biodegradable"
Environmental
Readily
Biodegradability (5-7 day)
biodegradable"
Biodegradable
biodegradable"
Biodegradable
<60% in 10 days
restrictions
Boiling Point
112oC
105oC
Odour
Mild, negligible
Odourless
Corrosivity
Mild to most
Corrosive
metals
Biodegradability
Readily
Biodegradable
Biodegradable
Antimicrobial
BPD Supported
Not BPD
Activity
Supported
Key Attributes of Citric
Key Weaknesses of Citric
• Liquid / Solid form
• Molecular wt.192
• Iron salt solubility – Good
• Speed of action
• Scale Remover
• Hardness Salt Solubility
• Strong Acid
• Not BPD Supported
• No odor
• Iron Citrate precipitation
• Biodegradable
• Low toxicity
Glycolic Vs Citric Acid – Key Differentiation Attribut es
Neutralization
With pH range of 3 to6,
Capability
less glycolic acid isneeded to achieve same efficacy
Hard Surface
Superior cleaning, lower usage
Cleaning Efficacy
Antimicrobial
Strong activity whereas citric acid has none
Activity
Detergent Builder
Better cotton cleaning results (in harsh condition)and
generally faster
Hard Water Salt
Higher scale capacity(weight to weight)
Scale Removal
Better solubility of calcium& magnesium salts
Metal finishing
Superior high temperature performance; lower “smut”
formation; better penetration & solubility
Water solubility
Better performance
Biodegradability
Faster biodegradability
Antimicrobial
BPD Supported
Not BPD
Activity
Supported
Key Attributes of Acetic
Key Weaknesses of Acetic
• Liquid form
• Odor
• Good calcium salt solubility
• Flammability
• Biodegradable
• Water solubility
• Low toxicity
• High Freezing Point
• Low cost
• Not BPD Supported
Glycolic Vs Acetic Acid – Key Differentiation Attribut es
Neutralization
With pH range below 4,
much less glycolic acid is needed
Capability
to achieve same efficacy
Vapor Pressure
Negligible VOC whereasAcetic Acid has high VOC
Fire Hazard
Non-flammable whereas Acetic is flammable
(Flash Point of 44 oC for Acetic)
Odour
Mild vs strong & pungent
Freezing point
Solidifies at - 10° C vs +17° C for Acetic
Water solubility
Better performance
Key Weaknesses of EDTA
• Liquid / Solid form
• Molecular wt. 372 (2-Na)
• Powerful Chelant (in Alkali pH)
• Insoluble at low pH
• Scale remover
• Biodegradability
• Active in Alkaline Conditions
• Corrosion
• No odour
• No Antimicrobial activity
• Banned in a number of EU countries
due to bio-accumulation
• EDTA that is sold in Europe by
Univar has a carcinogenic impurity
Glycolic Vs EDTA – Key Differentiation Attributes
Depending on pH, type of metal and metal
Application Ratesconcentration the EDTA-Na4 requirements can be more
than 10 times higher (on a molecular weight basis
Chelation Activity
in Acidic
Superior effectiveness in low pH
Environments
Metal release
Chelates reversibly allowing for metal release
Water solubility
Better performance
Biodegradability
Readily biodegradable
Glycolic Acid Vs EDTA: Salt Scale Solubility
Comparison
Salt
Glycolic Acid
EDTA – NA4Calcium Carbonate
607
238
Flammability
Not Flammable
Not Flammable
Boiling Point
112oC
119 oC
Odour
Mild, negligible
Negligible
Corrosivity
Mild to most
Mild to most
Key Attributes of Lactic
Key Weaknesses of Lactic
• Liquid Form
• Molecular wt. 90
• Salt Solubility – excellent
• Not Readily Biodgradable (below
• Scale remover
60% in 10days)
• High Water Solubility
• Speed of action
• No odour
• Low toxicity
• BPD Supported
Glycolic Vs LacticAcid – Key Differentiation Attribut es
Glycolic acid readily complexes with hard water salts and metal ions, giving it excellent cleaning characteristics over Lactic acid
Chelation
Resulting salts that form are water solubleand easy to rinse, leaving a surface clean with no salt re-deposition
Can react with bases (sodium,potassium and Glycolate Salt ammonium hydroxide) to make glycolate salts. Salts
Formation can be used in laundry, cleaning and personal care applications
Antimicrobial
Better broad spectrum antimicrobial over Lactic acid
Properties
99
Salmonella typhimurium
5
>99.9999
5
>99.9999
Listeria weishimeri
5
>99.9999
5
>99.9999
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1
>99.9999
2
>99.9999
pH = 1.8 - 2.7
pH = 2.0 - 2.9
A claim of antimicrobial activity requires a minimum of 99.9% Kill
5% lactic acid has no efficacy against staphylococcus aureus and requires double the concentration (2%) to kill pseudomonas aeruginosa
Key Attributes of Phosphoric
Key Weaknesses of Phosphoric
• Liquid form
• Molecular wt. 98
• Effective scale remover
• Corrosivity
• Biodegradable
• Handling
• Strong acid
• Waste Disposal
• Low cost
• Calcium Solubility
• Not BPD Supported
Glycolic Vs Phosphoric Acid – Key Differentiation Attr ibutes
Antimicrobial
BPD Supported whereas Phosphoric isnot
Activity
Chelation Activity
Much more effective metal ion chelator
Corrosion
Mild corrosion on most metals whereas Phosphoric
acid causes severe corrosion and requires many
handling precautions
Chelates reversibly allowing metal release while
Metal release
insolubility of phosphate salts causes re-deposition in
cleaning applications, making rinsing more difficult
Regulatory
No issues within regulatory environment nowand in the
long term
Biodegradability
Soluble salts vs insoluble
Odour
Mild, negligible
Strong Acrid
Corrosivity
Mild to most
Corrosive
metals
Biodegradability
Readily
Biodegradable
Biodegradable
Antimicrobial
BPD Supported
Not BPD
Activity
Supported
Key Attributes of Formic
Key Weaknesses of Formic
• Liquid form
• Corrosivity
• Scale Remover + GA
• Toxicity
• Redox Chemistry
• Handling
• Biodegradable• Flammable (44 ~ 50℃)
• Cost
Glycolic Vs Formic Acid – Key Differentiation Attribut es
Antimicrobial
BPD Supported whereas Phosphoric is not
Activity
Corrosion
Mild corrosion on most metals whereas Formic acid is
corrosive
Fire Hazard
Non-flammable whereas Formic is
Regulatory
No issues within regulatory environment now and in the
long term
Boiling Point
112oC
Decomposes
Odour
Mild, negligible
Odourless
Corrosivity
Mild to most
Corrosive
metals
Antimicrobial
BPD Supported
Not BPD
Activity
Supported Key Attributes of Sulfamic
Key Weaknesses of Sulfamic
• Solid form
• Molecular wt. 97
• Strong acid
• Corrosivity
• Non volatile
• Handling
• Speed of action
• Storage Stability
• Salt solubility
• Waste Disposal
Glycolic Vs SulfamicAcid – Key Differentiation Attribu tes
Antimicrobial
BPD Supported whereas Sulfamic is not
Activity
Corrosion
Mild corrosion on most metals whereas Sulfamic acid is
corrosive
Compatibility with
Oxidatively and reductively stable and compatible with
other oxidizers whereas Sulfamic acid is incompatible
Other Acids
with strong oxidizers such as nitric acid
Thermally stable to 200oC while Sulfamic acid
Stability
decomposes to emit ammonia and oxides of sulfur and
nitrogen. Water solutions of Sulfamic acid slowly
• Biodegradable
• Waste Disposal
• Strong acid
• Odour
• Low Cost
•Not BPD Supported
Glycolic Vs Nitric Acid – Key Differentiation Attributes
Antimicrobial
BPD Supported whereasNitric is not
Activity
Corrosion
Mild corrosion on most metalswhereas Nitric acid
causes severe corrosion and required special handling
Boiling Point
112oC
119 oC
Odour
Mild, negligible
Negligible
Corrosivity
Mild to most
Mild to most metals
metals