Different Acids Comparision

Glycolic Acid Vs NIKs Acid: Properties Comparison

Methane

Property

Glycolic Acid

Citric Acid

Acetic Acid

EDTA

Lactic Acid

Phosphoric Acid

Formic Acid

Sulfamic Acid

Nitric Acid

sulfonic Acid

CAS Number

79-14-1

5949-29-1

64-19-7

60-00-4

79-33-4

7664-38-2

64-18-6

5329-14-6

7697-37-2

75-75-2

HOCH(CH3)CO

Chemical Structure

HOCH2COOH

C6H8O7

CH3COOH

C10H16N2O8

OH

H3PO4

HCOOH

H3NO3S

HNO3

CH4O3S

Molecular Weight

76

192

60

372

90

98

46

97

63

96

Liquid / Solid

Commercial Form

70% Solution

Liquid / Solid

Liquid

form

88% Solution

Liquid

Liquid

Solid

Liquid

Liquid

Insoluble at low

Water Solubility

70% (10oC)

54% (10oC)

soluble

pH

88% (-10oC)

Soluble

17.50%

Soluble

soluble

Flash point 44-

Flammability

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Flash Point 44oC

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

50oC

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Freezing Point

10℃

16

42.35

8.5

18 - 20 oC

119oC, 12 mm

Boiling Point112℃

105oC

118.1℃

Decomposes

Hg158℃

100-107oC

Decomposes

122 oC

167oC

strong, Pungent,

mild, sweet,

irritating vinegar

Odor

negligible

Odourless

odor

Odourless

negligible

Odorless

strong, acrid

Odourless

Choking Odour

mild

mild to most

Severe to many

Severe to many

mild to most

Corrosivity

materials

Corrosive

corrosive

Corrosive

low corrosion

metals

restricted use

Corrosive

metals

materials

BPD Supported

Supported

Not Supported

Not Supported

Not Supported

Supported

Not Supported

Not Supported

Not Supported

Not Supported

Not Supported

"Not readily

"readily

"readily

Not

biodegradable"

Environmental

Readily

Biodegradability (5-7 day)

biodegradable"

Biodegradable

biodegradable"

Biodegradable

<60% in 10 days

restrictions

95%

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Glycolic Acid Vs Citric Acid

Property

Glycolic Acid

Citric Acid

Structure

Molecular

76

192

Weight / g Mol-1

Commercial

Liquid

Liquid / Solid

Form

Water Solubility

70%

54%

(10oC)

Flammability

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Boiling Point

112oC

105oC

Odour

Mild, negligible

Odourless

Corrosivity

Mild to most

Corrosive

metals

Biodegradability

Readily

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported

Not BPD

Activity

Supported

Key Attributes of Citric

Key Weaknesses of Citric

• Liquid / Solid form

• Molecular wt.192

• Iron salt solubility – Good

• Speed of action

• Scale Remover

• Hardness Salt Solubility

• Strong Acid

• Not BPD Supported

• No odor

• Iron Citrate precipitation

• Biodegradable

• Low toxicity

Glycolic Vs Citric Acid – Key Differentiation Attribut es

Neutralization

With pH range of 3 to6,

Capability

less glycolic acid isneeded to achieve same efficacy

Hard Surface

Superior cleaning, lower usage

Cleaning Efficacy

Antimicrobial

Strong activity whereas citric acid has none

Activity

Detergent Builder

Better cotton cleaning results (in harsh condition)and

generally faster

Hard Water Salt

Higher scale capacity(weight to weight)

Scale Removal

Better solubility of calcium& magnesium salts

Metal finishing

Superior high temperature performance; lower “smut”

formation; better penetration & solubility

Water solubility

Better performance

Biodegradability

Faster biodegradability

Glycolic Acid Vs Acetic Acid

Property

Glycolic Acid

Acetic Acid

Structure

Molecular

76

60

Weight / g Mol-1

Commercial

Liquid

Liquid

Form

Water Solubility

70%

soluble

(10oC)

Flammability

Not Flammable

Flammable

Boiling Point

112oC

118oC

Strong,

Odour

Mild, negligible

Pungent,

irritating

vinegar-like

Corrosivity

Mild to most

Corrosive

metals

Biodegradability

Readily

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported

Not BPD

Activity

Supported

Key Attributes of Acetic

Key Weaknesses of Acetic

• Liquid form

• Odor

• Good calcium salt solubility

• Flammability

• Biodegradable

• Water solubility

• Low toxicity

• High Freezing Point

• Low cost


Glycolic Vs Acetic Acid – Key Differentiation Attribut es

Neutralization

With pH range below 4,

much less glycolic acid is needed

Capability

to achieve same efficacy

Vapor Pressure

Negligible VOC whereasAcetic Acid has high VOC

Fire Hazard

Non-flammable whereas Acetic is flammable

(Flash Point of 44 oC for Acetic)

Odour

Mild vs strong & pungent

Freezing point

Solidifies at - 10° C vs +17° C for Acetic

Water solubility

Better performance

Biodegradability

Faster biodegradability

pH Control Efficacy Vs Acetic Acid

Lbs.1

00%Acidper10

0 35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

pH

GLYCOLICACID

ACETICACI

D 3.50

0.24

0.57

3.25

0.52

1.77

3.00

1.05

3.77

2.75

3.35

13.37

2.

5

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

4.00

Solution pH

At acid pH ranges, less

GLYCOLIC ACID is needed!

Glycolic Acid Vs EDTA

Property

Glycolic Acid

EDTA

Structure

Molecular

76

372

Weight / g Mol-1

Commercial

Liquid

Liquid / Solid

Form

Water Solubility

70%

Insoluble at low

(10oC)

pH

Flammability

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Boiling Point

112oC

Odour

Mild, negligible

Odourless

Corrosivity

Mild to most

Corrosive

metals

Biodegradability

Readily

Not

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported

Not BPD

Activity

Supported

Key Attributes of EDTA

Key Weaknesses of EDTA

• Liquid / Solid form

• Molecular wt. 372 (2-Na)

• Powerful Chelant (in Alkali pH)

• Insoluble at low pH

• Scale remover

• Biodegradability

• Active in Alkaline Conditions

• Corrosion

• No odour

• No Antimicrobial activity

• Banned in a number of EU countries

due to bio-accumulation

• EDTA that is sold in Europe by

Univar has a carcinogenic impurity

Glycolic Vs EDTA – Key Differentiation Attributes

Depending on pH, type of metal and metal

Application Ratesconcentration the EDTA-Na4 requirements can be more

than 10 times higher (on a molecular weight basis

Chelation Activity

in Acidic

Superior effectiveness in low pH

Environments

Metal release

Chelates reversibly allowing for metal release

Water solubility

Better performance

Biodegradability

Readily biodegradable

Glycolic Acid Vs EDTA: Salt Scale Solubility

Comparison

Salt

Glycolic Acid

EDTA – NA4Calcium Carbonate

607

238

Copper Carbonate

821

299

Ferrous Carbonate

959

235

Calcium Phosphate

952

269

Glycolic Acid Vs Lactic Acid

Property

Glycolic Acid

Lactic Acid

Structure

Molecular

76

90

Weight / g Mol-1

Commercial

Liquid

Liquid

Form

Water Solubility

70%

88 %

(10oC)

Flammability

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Boiling Point

112oC

119 oC

Odour

Mild, negligible

Negligible

Corrosivity

Mild to most

Mild to most

metals

metals

Biodegradability

Readily

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported

BPD Supported

Activity

Key Attributes of Lactic

Key Weaknesses of Lactic

• Liquid Form

• Molecular wt. 90

• Salt Solubility – excellent

• Not Readily Biodgradable (below

• Scale remover

60% in 10days)

• High Water Solubility

• Speed of action

• No odour

• Low toxicity

• BPD Supported

Glycolic Vs LacticAcid – Key Differentiation Attribut es

Glycolic acid readily complexes with hard water salts and metal ions, giving it excellent cleaning characteristics over Lactic acid

Chelation

Resulting salts that form are water solubleand easy to rinse, leaving a surface clean with no salt re-deposition

Can react with bases (sodium,potassium and Glycolate Salt ammonium hydroxide) to make glycolate salts. Salts

Formation can be used in laundry, cleaning and personal care applications

Antimicrobial

Better broad spectrum antimicrobial over Lactic acid

Properties

Glycolic Acid vs Lactic Acid: Antimicrobial Properties

Glycolic Acid

Lactic Acid

Organism

Conc / %

% Kill

Conc / %

% Kill

E. coli

1

>99.9999

1

>99.9999

Staphylococcus aureus

5

99.99

5

99

Salmonella typhimurium

5

>99.9999

5

>99.9999

Listeria weishimeri

5

>99.9999

5

>99.9999

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

1

>99.9999

2

>99.9999

pH = 1.8 - 2.7

pH = 2.0 - 2.9

A claim of antimicrobial activity requires a minimum of 99.9% Kill

5% lactic acid has no efficacy against staphylococcus aureus and requires double the concentration (2%) to kill pseudomonas aeruginosa

Glycolic Acid Vs Phosphoric Acid

PhosphoricProperty Glycolic Acid

Acid

Structure

Molecular

76

98

Weight / g Mol-1

Commercial

Liquid

Liquid

Form

Water Solubility

70%

Soluble

(10oC)

Flammability

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Boiling Point

112oC

158 oC

Odour

Mild, negligible

Odourless

Corrosivity

Mild to most

Severe to most

metals

metals

Biodegradability

Readily

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported

Not BPD

Activity

Supported

Key Attributes of Phosphoric

Key Weaknesses of Phosphoric

• Liquid form


• Effective scale remover

• Corrosivity

• Biodegradable

• Handling

• Strong acid

• Waste Disposal

• Low cost

• Calcium Solubility


Glycolic Vs Phosphoric Acid – Key Differentiation Attr ibutes

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported whereas Phosphoric isnot

Activity

Chelation Activity

Much more effective metal ion chelator

Corrosion

Mild corrosion on most metals whereas Phosphoric

acid causes severe corrosion and requires many

handling precautions

Chelates reversibly allowing metal release while

Metal release

insolubility of phosphate salts causes re-deposition in

cleaning applications, making rinsing more difficult

Regulatory

No issues within regulatory environment nowand in the

long term

Biodegradability

Soluble salts vs insoluble

Glycolic Acid Vs FormicAcid

Property

Glycolic Acid

Formic Acid

Structure

Molecular

76

46

Weight / g Mol-1

Commercial

Liquid

Liquid

Form

Water Solubility

70%

88 %

(10oC)

Flammability

Not Flammable

Flammable

Boiling Point

112oC

100 oC

Odour

Mild, negligible

Strong Acrid

Corrosivity

Mild to most

Corrosive

metals

Biodegradability

Readily

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported

Not BPD

Activity

Supported

Key Attributes of Formic

Key Weaknesses of Formic

• Liquid form

• Corrosivity

• Scale Remover + GA

• Toxicity

• Redox Chemistry

• Handling

• Biodegradable• Flammable (44 ~ 50℃)

• Cost

Glycolic Vs Formic Acid – Key Differentiation Attribut es

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported whereas Phosphoric is not

Activity

Corrosion

Mild corrosion on most metals whereas Formic acid is

corrosive

Fire Hazard

Non-flammable whereas Formic is

Regulatory

No issues within regulatory environment now and in the

long term

Glycolic Acid Vs Sulfamic Acid

Property

Glycolic Acid Sulfamic Acid

Structure

Molecular

76

97

Weight / g Mol-1

Commercial

Liquid

Solid

Form

Water Solubility

70%

17.5 %

(10oC)

Flammability

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Boiling Point

112oC

Decomposes

Odour

Mild, negligible

Odourless

Corrosivity

Mild to most

Corrosive

metals

Biodegradability

Readily

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported

Not BPD

Activity

Supported Key Attributes of Sulfamic

Key Weaknesses of Sulfamic

• Solid form


• Strong acid

• Corrosivity

• Non volatile

• Handling

• Speed of action

• Storage Stability

• Salt solubility

• Waste Disposal

Glycolic Vs SulfamicAcid – Key Differentiation Attribu tes

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported whereas Sulfamic is not

Activity

Corrosion

Mild corrosion on most metals whereas Sulfamic acid is

corrosive

Compatibility with

Oxidatively and reductively stable and compatible with

other oxidizers whereas Sulfamic acid is incompatible

Other Acids

with strong oxidizers such as nitric acid

Thermally stable to 200oC while Sulfamic acid

Stability

decomposes to emit ammonia and oxides of sulfur and

nitrogen. Water solutions of Sulfamic acid slowly

hydrolyze to ammonium sulfate and bisulfate

Glycolic Acid vs Sulfamic Acid

Glycolic Acid Vs Nitric Acid

Property

Glycolic Acid

Nitric Acid

Structure

Molecular

76

63

Weight / g Mol-1

Commercial

Liquid

Liquid

Form

Water Solubility

70%

Soluble

(10oC)

Flammability

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Boiling Point

112oC

122 oC

Odour

Mild, negligible

Choking Odour

Corrosivity

Mild to most

Severe

metals

Biodegradability

Readily

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported

Not BPD

Activity

Supported

Key Attributes

Key Weaknesses

• Liquid form

• Corrosivity

• Scale Remover

• Handling

• Biodegradable

• Waste Disposal

• Strong acid

• Odour

• Low Cost

•Not BPD Supported

Glycolic Vs Nitric Acid – Key Differentiation Attributes

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported whereasNitric is not

Activity

Corrosion

Mild corrosion on most metalswhereas Nitric acid

causes severe corrosion and required special handling

Glycolic Acid Vs Methanesulfonic Acid

MethanesulfonicProperty Glycolic Acid

Acid

Structure

Molecular

76

90

Weight / g Mol-1

Commercial

Liquid

Liquid

Form

Water Solubility

70%

88 %

(10oC)

Flammability

Not Flammable

Not Flammable

Boiling Point

112oC

119 oC

Odour

Mild, negligible

Negligible

Corrosivity

Mild to most

Mild to most metals

metals

Biodegradability

Readily

Biodegradable

Biodegradable

Antimicrobial

BPD Supported

BPD Supported

Activity

Key Attributes of MSA

Key Weaknesses of MSA

• Highly soluble in water


High solubility for alkaline earthand heavy metals

Readily biodegradable

Low corrosion profile

Different Acids Comparision

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