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By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
BY
J E P R INIM:1025086030
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
ENGLISH EDUCATION POST GRADUATE PROGRAM
MULAWARMAN UNIVERSITY
Januari, 2014
Critically Analyzing Information Sources
This paper will address the following topics:
Initial appraisal of the journal The “content analysis” of the journal
Authors : Jan Blommaert and
Chris Bulcaen
Date of publication: 19/09/2008
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Title of journal: CRITICAL
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Intended Audience
Objective Reasoning
Coverage
Writing Style
Evaluative Reviews
INITIAL APPRAISAL
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
A. Author
Jan Blommaert (November 4, 1961) is a Belgian sociolinguist
and linguistic anthropologist, Professor of Language,
Culture and Globalization and Director of the Babylon Center
at Tilburg University, the Netherlands. He is considered to
be one of the world's most prominent sociolinguists and
linguistic anthropologists, and has contributed
substantially to sociolinguistic globalization theory,
focusing on historical as well as contemporary patterns of
the spread of languages and forms of literacy, and on
lasting and new forms of inequality emerging from
globalization processes.
He was Born in Dendermonde, Belgium, Blommaert received his
PhD in African History and Philology from Ghent University
in 1989.
After graduation Blommaert started as research director at
the International Pragmatics Association hosted at the
University of Antwerp. In 1999 back at the Ghent University
he became Associate Professor and head of the Department of
African Languages and Cultures. In 2005 he was appointed
Professor and Director of the Institute of Education at the
University of London. In 2008 he moved to Finland, where he
was appointed Finland Distinguished Professor at the
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
Department of Languages of the University of Jyväskylä,
which he held until 2010. In 2007 he was appointed Professor
of Language, Culture and Globalization and Director of the
Babylon Center at Tilburg University. He is also Professor
at Ghent University.
He holds honorary professorships at Beijing Language and
Culture University, the University of the Western Cape and
Hellenic American University.
Blommaerts work focuses on analyzing issues of power and
social inequality in language and society under conditions
of contemporary globalization, from a discourse analytical
and ethnographic perspective. His main focus is the
ethnographic study of inequality in society, and
particularly how it relates to language usage. Apart from a
voluminous academic body of work, Blommaert has written
extensively in Dutch, empirically addressing broader social
and political issues in Belgian and Dutch society:
nationalism, populism and democracy, asylum politics, issues
in language and education, and essays on the sociology of
work under neoliberalism. Blommaert's oeuvre in Dutch has
also contributed to the debate on the status of the left on
the political spectrum
Publications
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
1998. Debating Diversity: Analyzing the Discourse of
Tolerance (with Jef
Verschueren). London: Routledge.
1999. Language Ideological Debates. Berlin: Mouton De
Gruyter.
1999. State Ideology and Language in Tanzania. Köln: Rüdiger
Köppe Verlag.
2005. Discourse: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
2008. Grassroots Literacy: Writing, Identity and Voice in
Central Africa. London:
Routledge.
2010. The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge:
Cambridge University
Press.
2010. Ethnographic Fieldwork: An Introduction (with Dong
Jie). Bristol:
Multilingual Matters.
2013. Ethnography, Super diversity and Linguistic
Landscapes: Chronicles of
Complexity. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Awards and honours
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
Ark Prize of the Free Word, 1993.
Emile Verhaeren chair, Free University Brussels (VUB),
Belgium, 2002-3.
Finland Distinguished Professor, University of Jyväskylä,
Finland, 2008-10.
first Barbara Metzger Prize, Wenner-Gren Foundation and
Current Anthropology, 2010.
Chris Bulcaen
Chris Bulcaen is Curriculum manager at Linguistics &
Literature, UGent, Belgium
Formerly he was Secretary & Librarian at English Department,
UGent university
In the past he worked an an editor at Vlabin vzw from
January 2006 to December 2006 (1 year) Antwerp Area,
Belgium and Editor of De Leeswolf & De Leeswelp
Specialist in Youth Literature & Comics
Chris Bulcaen's Education
Lancaster University
Master of Arts (M.A.), Cultural Studies
1993 – 1994
Universiteit Gent
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
Licentiate degree, African Languages, Literatures, and
Linguistics
1986 – 1991
Publications
Political Linguistics (Belgian Journal of Linguistics) by
Prof. Dr. Jan Blommaert and Chris Bulcaen (Jan 1, 1998)
Handbook of Pragmatics: 1997 Installment by Prof. Dr. Jef
Verschueren, Prof. Dr. Jan-Ola Östman, Prof. Dr. Jan
Blommaert and Chris Bulcaen (Oct 15, 1999)
C.I.E newsletter, book by Chris Bulcaen; 1999
De stem van de vertaler : Chris Bulcaen sprak met Peter
Flynn by Chris Bulcaen
Language: Dutch De Leeswelp : door boeken gebeten De
Leeswelp, Vol. 14, No. 3 (april. 2008), p. 118-119, Vol. 14,
No. 3 (april. 2008), p. 118-119, 2008.
And many more….
B. Date of Publication
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
This Journal was published for the first time in Annual
Review of Anthropology, Vol. 29 (2000), pp. 447-466 Vol. 29:
447-466 (Volume publication date October 2000)
This source is current and up to date to my topic since this
journal provides a survey of critical discourse analysis
(CDA) furthermore, it is written by a well-known scholar
from a recent school of discourse analysis that concerns
itself with relations of power and inequality in language.
The other reason why I choose this Journal of CDA that
explicitly intends to incorporate social-theoretical in-
sights into discourse analysis and advocates social
commitment and interventionism in research.
The main programmatic features and domains of enquiry of CDA
are discussed here, with emphasis on attempts toward theory
formation by one of CDA's most prominent scholars, Norman
Fairclough.
Another section reviews the genesis and disciplinary growth
of CDA, mentions some of the recent critical reactions to
it, and situates it within the wider picture of a new
critical paradigm developing in a number of language-
oriented (sub) disciplines. In this critical paradigm
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
topics, such as ideology, Inequality and power figure
prominently, and many scholars productively attempt to
incorporate social-theoretical insights into the study of
language.
C. Edition or Revision
This is the first edition of this publication since I did not
any information related to the its edition or revision, so I
assume this is the first edition of the publication and it does
not have any revision so far. One thing that I am sure is, the
journal was marked as A1 type of journal as it is displayed on
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/386041 .
D. Publisher
The Publisher of this journal is Annual Review that is under
University Press, the address site is
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication?q=publisher+exact+
%22ANNUAL+REVIEWS%22.
This site is under management of Ghent University.
The university was founded by King William I of Orange in 1816
and officially opened on October 9, 1817. The first of
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
professors had 16 members, 190 students enrolled in the four
faculties: Arts, Law, Medicine and Science.
Today, Ghent University has over 38,000 students and 8,000
staff one of the largest universities in the Dutch language.
Ghent University occupies a special position among the Flemish
universities open, socially committed and pluralistic. 120
departments offer high quality and research-based courses.
Disciplines such as biotechnology, aquaculture,
microelectronics and history enjoy worldwide fame.
E. Title of Journal
The tittle of this journal is Critical Discourse Analysis, by Jan
Blommaert UGent and Chris Bulcaen UGent(2000) ANNUAL REVIEW OF
ANTHROPOLOGY. 29. p.447-466. It is a scholarly journal under the
subject of Languages and Literatures.
Critical Analysis of the Content
CONTENT ANALYSIS
The author's intentions of writing this journal are:
1. To give an overview of the main thrusts of CDA movement
(Critical discourse analysis (CDA) emerged in the late 1980s
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
as a programmatic development in European discourse studies
spearheaded by Norman Fairclough, Ruth Wodak, Teun van Dijk,
and others).
2. To discuss critically its main concentrations of attention.
3. To situate it in a wider panorama of developments in
linguistics.
4. To show that the critical turn in studies of language is by
no means restricted to any single approach but represents a
more general process of (partial) convergence in theories
and practices of research on language. CDA provided a
crucial theoretical and methodological impetus for this
paradigm, but it could benefit from a closer integration
with new developments.
The bibliography of this journal show us that the author is
very interested on how to make this movement in wider view and
give us a closer integration with this new development. Some
of the author’s sources that guide us to this conclusion are:
1. Fairclough N. 1989. Language and Power. London: Longman
2. Fairclough N. 1992a. Discourse and Social Change.
Cambridge, UK: Polity
3. Fairclough N. 1992b. Linguistic and intertextual analysis
within discourse analysis. Discourse Soc. 3:193-217
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
4. Fairclough N, ed. 1992c. Critical Language Awareness.
London: Longman
5. Fairclough N. 1995a. Media Discourse. London: Arnold
6. Fairclough N. 1995b. Critical Discourse Analysis. London:
Longman
7. Fairclough N. 1996. A reply to Henry Widdowson's
'Discourse analysis: a critical view.' Lang. Lit. 5(1):49-
56
8. Fairclough N, Mauranen A. 1997. The conversationalization
of political discourse: a comparative view.
9. Hymes DH. 1996. Ethnography, Linguistics, Narrative
Inequality: Toward an Understanding of Voice. London:
Taylor, Francis
10. van Dijk T. 1987. CommunicatingR acism: Ethnic Prejudice
in Thought and Talk. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
11. van Dijk T. 1991. Racism and the Press. London: Routledge
12. van Dijk T. 1993a. Critical and descriptive goals in
discourse analysis. J. Pragmat. 9:739-63
13. van Dijk T. 1993b. Elite Discourse and Racism. Newbury
Park, CA: Sage
14. van Dijk T. 1993c. Principles of critical discourse
analysis. Discourse Soc. 4:249-83
15. van Dijk T. 1995. Discourse analysis as ideology analysis.
See Schaffner & Wenden 1995, pp. 17-33
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
The author also mentions some other phenomena to discuss in this
journal as shown in the abstract of this paper. The phenomena
are:
1. The relations of power and inequality in language.
2. The incorporation of social-theoretical in - sights into
discourse analysis
3. The advocates social commitment and interventionism in
research.
4. The main programmatic features and domains of enquiry of CDA
with emphasis on attempts toward theory formation by one of
CDA's most prominent scholars, Norman Fairclough
5. Another section reviews the genesis and disciplinary growth
of CDA, mentions some of the recent critical reactions to
it.
6. The situation of wider picture of a new critical paradigm
developing in a number of inequality and power figure
prominently.
Some Scholars are quoted here, related to the movement of critical discourse analysis
and its wider development. Beginning with what Wodak (1995:204) stated about the
purpose critical discourse analysis: “ CDA is to analyze opaque as well as transparent
structural relationships of dominance, discrimination, power and control as manifested
in language"
The highlight points of this statement are both analyzing opaque
and transparent structural relationship of the four supremacies,
dominance, discrimination, power and control that can be found or
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
manifested in language. Those fours supremacies will be clearly
found by analyzing the language as suggested by Wodak.
Then, there are also some other scholars’ hypotheses to supports
the thoughts of the author such as:
Chouliaraki& Fairclough
Discourse and Social Change
Fairclough
1. Discourse and characteristic of the economic, social and
cultural changes of late modernity
2. A methodological blueprint for critical discourse analysis in
practice
3. A three-dimensional framework for conceiving of and analyzing
discourse
A. Discourse-as-text
The linguistic choices and patterns in vocabulary( e.g.
wording, metaphor)
Grammar (e.g. transitivity modality),
Cohesion (e.g. conjunction, schemata)
Text structure ( e.g. episoding, turn-taking system)
B. Discourse-as-discursive-practice
Something that is produced, circulated, distributed
consumed in society
Analyzing vocabulary, grammar, cohesion, and text
structure, attention should be given to speech acts,
coherence, and intertextuality.
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
Manifest intertextuality" (i .e. overtly drawing upon
othert exts)
Constitutive intertextuality" or "interdiscursivity"(i.e.
texts are made up of heterogeneous elements: generic
conventions, discourse types, register, and style).
C. Discourse-as-social-practice
The ideological effects and hegemonic processes
Constructing alliances and integrating classes and groups
The articulation and rearticulation of orders of
discourse is correspondingly one stake in hegemonic
struggle
The author said that Fairclough successfully identifies large-
scale hegemonic processes such as democratization,
commodification, and technologization on the basis of
heteroglossic constructions of text genres and styles. He also
identifies the multiple ways in which individuals move through
such institutionalized discursive regimes, constructing selves,
social categories, and social realities. At the same time, the
general direction is one in which social theory is used to
provide a linguistic meta-discourse and in which the target is a
refined and more powerful
Technique of text analysis
In this journal I found the practice of discourse on a
methodological level:
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
1. Systemic-functional linguistics (historical research)
2. Discourse-historical method ( tracing the (inter-textual)
history of phrases and arguments
3. The socio-semantic representation of social actors
A. Intended Audience
The type of audience is addressing university learners and
researcher and general audience. This is a specific field of
study under Linguistics and literature, thus the intended
audience must be specific learners and researcher that interested
on Linguistic and Literature fields.
It is also obviously understood from the publications that the
aims of the audience are who interested in linguistic, literature
and English education but most of all, this paper appropriately
right for my needs.
B. Objective Reasoning
This journal covers some facts, hypotheses and interpretation of
the author on the precede theories proposed by the experts on the
field the study.
Most the information appears valid and well-researched since it
is discussing the coherencies, correspondences and the pragmatics
values of the study he conducted, all the information of the data
and theories here are fully supported by the evidences taken from
the previous researches and studies.
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
The idea and arguments more advanced in line with other works I
have read on the same topics. Even though I found the language
the author use in the abstract of this paper is not free of
emotion arousing words such as: “We provide an overview of the
main thrusts of this movement, discuss critically its main foci
of attention, and situate it in a wider panorama of developments
in linguistics.
C. Coverage
The work updates other sources, substantiate other materials I
have read, and add new information. It extensively covers my
topic.
Even though this material is secondary in the nature of this
field of study but It contributes and suggest a new paradigm on
this study. This paper suggest us to look the Critical discourse
Analysis not positioned CDA as still burdened by a very
"linguistic" outlook, which prevents productive ways of
incorporating linguistic and nonlinguistic dimensions of semiosis
(apparent, for instance, in the very partial interpretation of
Foucault's" discourse" in Fairclough's work). Here as well, a
more ethnographically informed stance, in which linguistic
practice is embedded in more general patterns of human meaning-
ful action, could be highly productive. Goodwin's work could
serve as an example here.
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
D. Writing Style
The publication is organized logically and the main point is
clearly presented. The text is easy to read and to understand.
The author's argument is not repetitive but mostly he uses very
clear understanding words and more showing emphasizes to the
wider thinking in this field of study.
The descriptions of the problem, in term of sentences, are always
prove the by the A1 journals marked. D. Evaluative Reviews
To support my reasons and the thoughts of the writer I will
locate critical reviews of journals:
CDA practitioners tend to work on applied and applicable topics
and social domains such as the following.
1. Political discourse See, for example, Wodak (1989),
Chilton et al (1998), Fairclough (1989, 1992a), and
Fairclough & Mauranen (1997).
2. Ideology Discourse is seen as a means through which (and
in which) ideologies are being reproduced. Ideology itself
is a topic of considerable importance in CDA. Hodge &
Kress (1979) set the tone with their work. More recently,
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
van Dijk (1998) has produced a socio-cognitive theory of
ideology.
3. Racism Particular attention within this study is given to
racism. Van Dijk stands out as a prolific author (1987,
1991, 1993b), but the topic has also been covered by many
others (for a survey, see Wodak & Reisig l 1999). Related
to the issue of racism is a recent interest in the
discourse on immigration (e.g. Martin Rojo & van Dijk
1997, van Leeuwen & Wodak 1999).
4. Economic discourse See, for example, Fairclough (1995b).
The issue of globalization has been formulated as an
important preoccupation for CDA (Slembrouck 1993,
Chouliaraki & Fairclough 1999:94).
5. Advertisement and promotional culture See, for example,
Fairclough (1989, 1995b), Slembrouck (1993), and
Thorborrow (1998).
6. Media language See, for example, Fairclough (1995a), van
Dijk (1991), Kress (1994), and Martin-Rojo (1995).
7. Gender See especially the representation of women in the
media (e.g. Talbot 1992; Caldas-Coulthard 1 993, 1996;
Clark& Zyngier 1998; Walsh 1998; Thorborrow 1998).
8. Institutional discourse Language plays a role in
institutional practices such as doctor-patient
communication (e.g. Wodak 1997), social work (e.g. Wodak
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
1996, Hall et al 1997), and bureaucracy ( Sarangi&
Slembrouck 1996)
9. Education See, for example, Kress (1997) and Chouliaraki
(1998). Education is seen as a major area for the
reproduction of social relations, including representation
and identity formation, but also for possibilities of
change. Fairclough and associates have developed a
critical language awareness (CLA) approach that advocates
the stimulation of critical awareness with students of
pedagogical discourses and didactic means (cf Clark et al
1989, 1990; Fairclough 1992c, Ivanic 1998).
10. Literacy CDA studies of literacy have linked up with those
anthropological and sociolinguistic analyses that view
literacy as "situated practices" (e.g. Heath 1983, Street
1995), e.g. in the context of local communities (Barton &
Hamilton 1998) or education (Baynham 1995, New London
Group 1996, Cope & Kalantzis 2000). Scholars working in
these "new literacy studies" have joined efforts in a new
book series (Barton et al 2000, Cope & Kalantzis 2000,
Hawisher & Selfe 2000).
All domains, issues of power asymmetries, exploitation,
manipulation, and structural in equalities are highlighted on
this article; the positive review goes to the journal under
review considered as a valuable contribution to the field? It is
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REVIEWER: JEPRI NIM : 1025086030
By: Jepri NIM :1025086030 [CRITICALDISCOURSE ANALYSIS] January 7, 2014
also very informative and humble by showing a valuable
contribution to the field of Linguistic and Literature. Some of
them are:
A New Critical Paradigm
1. Ideology One prominent feature is the development of ideology
into a crucial topic of investigation and theoretical
elaboration
2. Inequality and Power a second feature of the critical
paradigm is the renewed attention to inequality and power in
relation to language in society.
3. Social Theory a third feature of the critical paradigm,
already mentioned in passing, is the common desire to find
social-theoretical support for analytical treatments of
language
4. Assessing CDA
The above selective survey is aimed at demonstrating that
CDA, as an original and stimulating research discipline,
should be situated within a wider panorama of common
concerns, questions, and approaches developing among a much
wider scholarly community.
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