Post on 10-Jan-2023
THE DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Principal Investigator Prof. S. P. Bansal
Vice Chancellor, Indira Gandhi University, Rewari
Co-Principal Investigator Dr. Prashant K. Gautam
Director, UIHTM, Panjab University, Chandigarh
Paper Coordinator Dr. Prashant K. Gautam
Director, UIHTM, Panjab University, Chandigarh
Paper Co-Coordinator Dr. Amit Katoch
Assistant Professor UIHTM, Panjab University Chandigarh
Content Writer Dr. Amit Katoch
Assistant Professor UIHTM, Panjab University Chandigarh
Content Reviewer Prof. Sheeba Hamid
Department Of Commerce (Tourism), Aligarh Muslim
University
Paper 12: Tourism planning and sustainable Development
Module 07: An outline of L K Jha Committee, 1963
TERMS DESCRIPTION OF MODULE
Subject Name Tourism & Hospitality
Paper Name Tourism planning and sustainable Development
Module No. 7
Module Title An outline of L K Jha committee 1963
Objectives To study the concept of L K Jha committee and its implications
Keywords Ad hoc committee, Standing committee, ITDC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Learning Outcome
2. Introduction
3. Meaning of Parliamentary committees
3.1 Permanent committees
3.2 Ad hoc committees
4. Recommendations of L K Jha committee
5. Indian Tourism Development corporation
6. Summary
QUADRANT-I
AN OUTLINE OF L K JHA COMMITTEE, 1963
1. Learning Objectives
After completing this module, students you will be able to:
Understand the meaning and Concept of Parliamentary committee
Understand the difference between Ad hoc and standing committee
Recommendations of L K Jha committee
Indian Tourism Development corporation (ITDC)
2. Introduction
On 1st March, 1958, In the Ministry of Transport, a separate department was created to
deal with all matters concerning Tourism. This new department started working under the charge
of the Director General. He was assisted by one Deputy Director General and four Directors, each
in charge of Administration, Publicity, Travel Relations and Planning & Development. The
tourism was growing at a good pace. But, in 1961-62, there was a decline in Tourist Traffic to
India from 1, 39,804 (in 1961) to 1, 34, 036 (in 1962). This prompted the Government to appoint an
Ad hoc committee on Tourism in March, 1963, under the chairmanship of L. K. Jha, which was
named as L K Jha committee (Raina & Aggarwal, 2004).
3. Meaning of the Parliamentary committees
The parliament of India is involved in a number of tasks for the well-being of the country
and to develop the various areas. Whatever issues, matters, problems or concerns which come
under the ambit of the parliament. Their considerable or sizable work has been done by the
parliamentary committees. Whether, it is the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha, the structure of these
committees remains the same with some minor differences. Their work, terms of office, tasks
(objectives) or processes (route) for doing the work assigned to them are generally similar or
change with marginal variations and are controlled (regulated) by the rules or regulations made
under the Article 118(1) of the constitution and guidelines (directions) issued by the Rule 389 of
the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha. All these parliamentary
committees can be broadly categorized into two types i.e. the Ad hoc Committees and the standing
committees. They are different from each other in terms of terms, functions and nature.
The Indian parliament comprises two houses i.e. Lok Sabha (elected by people) and Rajya
Sabha (elected by state legislatures or state assemblies). They carry out various functions such
making laws, policy, Regulator of the council of ministers and Prime Minister, Passing of the
budget (i.e. the economic plan), modifying (amending) the Constitution, and Ventilation and
elimination of public grievances. The Lok Sabha has only the right to introduce money bills and
passing of no confidence motion, while Rajya Sabha has also got equal rights to amend the
Constitution and got special powers to shift state subjects (in state list) to union subjects (union
list). The functions of the parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha) are very comprehensive and
significant. Therefore, the time required for all the functions is very inadequate. Hence,
parliamentary committees are constituted to deal sorts of issues. Their term, appointment,
procedures and functions are more or less similar and they are controlled (regulated) under certain
rules prepared by these houses.
3.1 Permanent committees
Standing committee is a permanent body or committee as of a legislature, a society etc.
Usually these committee are formed for a longer period of time or duration , the main purpose of
these committee are to take certain decision and form various policies for the attainment of
different objectives set by them. These committees are long-lasting i.e. permanent in nature and
formed under the aegis of the Houses (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha) under the rules for the purpose
of allowing legislation in varied areas or diverse subject spheres. The standing committees
comprehensively evaluate the statutes’ or laws given by the legislator’s and votes on amendments
to bills. These committees are the legal or legislative bodies which review the policies by minutely
seeing the vital aspects required, holding expert hearings and examine substantial proofs (i.e.
evidences). And, then making suitable changes in law, rules or statutes. Then, the bills that are
cleared or permitted by these standing committees, they finally go to the Lok Sabha or Rajya
Sabha for deliberation.
The standing committees are made every year or periodically as the work assigned to it
goes on an incessant basis. Some of its famous examples are Committees on Estimates, Public
Accounts, and Public Undertakings. These were formed on 8th April, 1993. Some other standing
committees are Committees on Inquire; Committee of Privileges; Business Advisory Committee;
Rules Committee; Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; House
Committee; Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances; Joint Committee on offices of Profit;
The Library Committee; and Ethics Committee.
3.2 Ad hoc Committee
An ad hoc committee is a committee formed for a specific purpose or task, and is dissolved
or removed after the successful completion of task or work or achievement of the objectives; most
of the committee other then standing committee are of ad hoc type. The sole purpose of the
committee is to fulfil or achieve the goals for a particular task and at the end of the completion the
committee is dissolved. In other words, an ad hoc committee is a committee formed by the
government or other organisations for a specific purpose or task, the main role or functions of the
committee is to form some objectives or targets and implement them at ground level in order to
reach or achieve the desired goals or objectives, this committee is dissolved or removed after the
successful completion of task or work or achievement of the objectives, most of the committee
other than standing committee are of ad hoc type. Some of their examples are Joint committees on
bills, railway convention committees, area specific committees on various subjects like L.K. Jha
Committees.
The ad hoc committees are of two types: the first category of ad hoc committee is
constituted by the houses to investigate (enquire) and inform (report) on particular (specific)
subjects such as stock market scam, Bofors contract and drafting of five year plans. While, the
second category i.e. the joint or select committees are appointed to deliberate (consider) and
inform (report) on particular bills. Some examples of such committees are - The Business
Advisory Committee; The Committee on Private Members’ Bills and Resolutions; Select
Committees on Bills; The Committee on Petitions; The Estimates Committee etc.
Conclusion: The parliamentary committees are large in structure and are suggestive
(recommendatory) in nature. They are not obligatory (mandatory), but prime minister being a
chairman of these committees makes a great difference in their acceptance and effectivity. The
basic motive of these committees is to make the young members of parliament experienced,
trained and to make them comprehend the dynamics of democracy. Some ad hoc or departmental
committees keep the administration in effect by highlighting certain issues which can bring
direction and efficiency.
4. Recommendations of L K Jha committee
The L K Jha committee was formed in March, 1963 under the chairmanship of L K Jha to see
why there was decrease in the number of tourist’s traffic to India. As, a result, several steps were
taken. There were opening of additional tourist offices abroad in order to create more awareness
about India as a tourist destination globally, so that proper marketing and promotion can be done
and more and more international tourists can be attracted to India, which would also help in
increase the number of inbound tourists. The grant of landing Permits on arrival to Tourists
coming without Visa for more than 72 hours or visa on arrival, which would make the process of
getting a visa easier for international tourists and encourage more and more tourists to travel in
India.
Setting up of three government corporations to develop hotels, transportation and
entertainment facilities:
Hotel: More hotels and other accommodation facilities should be developed in order to give world
class facilities to both national and international tourists. And focus should be more on
encouraging international hotel chains in India.
Figure 7.1: The Ashok - A Five Star Luxury Hotel in New Delhi
(Source: http://www.theashok.com/hotel-img/front-night.jpg)
Transportation: A separate corporation or body should be formed in order to improve and
develop the existing transportation within in the country i.e. airways, roadways, railways or
waterways, which also help in connecting different tourist circuits in the country and would also
help in the improvement of transportation sector and increase the accessibility.
Figure 7.1 A: The mode of transport for tourism
(Source link: http://www.venturaxllc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Transportation.jpg)
Entertainment facilities: For improvement of entertainment facilities in the country, the
committee suggested to form a separate corporation which would look after the improvement and
development of entertainment facilities like shopping malls, cinema hall, Nature Park, water parks
for children, sound and light shows at various monuments etc.
Figure 7.2: Entertainment Facilities
(Source:http://maxpixel.freegreatpicture.com/static/photo/1x/Playground-Entertainment-Facilities-Game-2421577.jpg)
Need to build 5500 additional hotel rooms within the next 5 years:
The L K Jha committee suggested to develop more infrastructure for accommodation like hotels of
different categories like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 5 star deluxe, motels, cottages, home stays and
accommodation units like Bed and Breakfast etc., in order to fulfil the demand of international
tourists of all categories and to overcome the problem of less occupancy so as to give choice for
tourist to choose their accommodation accordingly and fulfil the existing demand and also meet
the international standards.
Official approval of restaurants, shops, and guides:
The government should give or allow official approvals for starting up restaurants, cafes and other
food units, souvenir shops and guide license should me made easy and simple, less formalities
should be there to start a small business or enterprise in order to fulfil the demand of various
tourists travelling from abroad to various parts of the country, which would give enough choices to
the tourist at different tourist destinations throughout the country.
More encouragement should be given to international food chains and language speaking guides
and other international brands so as to meet the demand and fulfil the international standards.
Figure 7.3: Restaurant in the Ashok Hotel, New Delhi
(Source:http://www.theashok.com/dining.html)
Provision of shopping and entertainment facilities:
L K Jha committee also made provisions for improvement and development of shopping areas and
malls and other entertainment facilities like nature parks, pubs, fun parks, casinos cinema halls etc.
Keeping in mind to overcome the demand of leisure tourists. In order to maintain a sufficient
shopping and entertainment facilities certain provision were given by the committee.
Figure 7.4: Serendipity Take 9 - Diwali Shopping Festival at the Ashok Hotel
(Source:http://www.delhievents.com/2016/10/shop-serendipity-take-9-diwali-shopping.html)
Improvements of facilities at airports:
Improvement of various facilities like restaurants, cafes, proper toilets, lobby and small shops and
waiting areas at various airports throughout the country should be kept in mind in order to maintain
a world class standard.
Figure 7.5: New Delhi Airport among top five in 2012.
(Source:http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/three-indian-airports-among-worlds-top-5/
792240)
Figure 7.5 A: The tourism Facilities present at the Airport
(Source:http://www.haneda-airport.com/images/haneda-airport-facilities.jpg)
Figure 7.6: Hyderabad International airport, a green facility.
(Source:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/infrastructure/hyderabad-airport-rated-
as-indias-best/green-facility/slideshow/19832203.cms)
Provision of adequate connectivity by Indian airlines:
Focus was on improving the professional level of the Indian airlines, which would help in
improving the connectivity with other parts of the world and accessibility in the country and
organize a safe travel for tourist travelling to India or outside.
Integrated development of few selected tourist Centre:
The committee suggested opening of tourist Centre at all major tourist destination, which would
help in providing services and information to tourist about the various tourist attractions and things
to do at different tourist attractions. And tourist would get correct information and quality services.
Figure 7.7:Integrated development of Tourist destination.
(Source:http://www.atkinsglobal.com/en-gb/group/sectors-and-services/services/architecture)
Increase tourist publicity
There is a need for tourist publicity both at national level and international level ,proper steps
should be taken in marketing and promotion of India as an around the year destination at a global
level, tourism products like heritage , culture and customs, geographical features, cuisine, dance
forms, music etc. should be showcased through various tools like print media ,social media ,TV
commercials, by organizing different events, which could help to cater more number of both
domestic and international tourists.
Training of immigration and customer staff:
Proper facilities for training of immigration and customer staff should be encouraged so as to
develop world class immigration facilities and customer staff in the country.
Figure 7.8:Training of staff.
(Source:http://www.sophiyaconsultants.com/pics/17.jpg)
Stoppage of leakage of foreign exchange
There should be a check on leakage of foreign exchange earnings from international tourists,
certain committee should be formed who can keep an eye on the leakage and maintain a stoppage
on these practices.
Figure 7.9:Leakage of money from Economy- Example of Kenya
(Source: https://newint.org/features/2008/03/01/mainstream-tourism/)
Establishment of a standing committee of main departments of the governments dealing
with tourism for reviewing adequacies:
There should be establishment of a standing committee for all main departments of the
governments dealing with tourism, which would be responsible for reviewing various problems
and adequacies arising in the tourism industry.
In the year1965, a high level coordination committee was appointed to implement the
recommendations of the Jha Committee in the industry. Three separate corporations were setup in
India to tackle the problems arising which were as follows:
Tourism Corporation Limited (TCI)
Tourism corporation limited was set up to look after the various tourism happening in the country,
their role and responsibility was to set up certain standards and rules and regulation for tourism
related activities in the country and look after the problems arising in the industry.
Hotel Corporation of India Limited (HCIL)
Hotel Corporation of India limited was step up in order to look after the hospitality sector within
the country, their responsibility was to set up certain standards and set of rules and regulations
which are to be maintained or followed by each hotel in the country and also look after the
malpractices happening in the hospitality industry.
India tourism transport undertaking limited
India tourism transport undertaking limited was established in order to fulfil the demand for
transportation i.e. (airways, roadways, railways, waterways) in the country and their role was to set
up certain rules and guidelines which are to be followed by all and also to maintain certain
standards and try to overcome the various malpractices.
Due to some problems and poor coordination amongst them, these three corporations did not seem
to be working well and failed to maintain standards and lately were, therefore, amalgamated into
one corporation with effect from 1stOctober 1966. The new corporation was called India Tourism
Development Corporation Ltd.(Kotler & Makens, 1999).
5. India Tourism Development Corporation Ltd.
ITDC was established in October 1966 and has been the prime mover in the progressive
development, promotion and expansion of tourism in the country. Broadly, the main objectives of
the Corporation are:
To construct, take over and manage existing hotels and market hotels, Beach Resorts, Travellers
Lodges/Restaurants
To provide transport, entertainment, shopping and conventional services;
To produce, distribute, tourist publicity material
To render consultancy-cum-managerial services in India and abroad
To carry on the business as Full-Fledged Money Changers (FFMC), restricted money changers
etc.
To provide innovating, dependable and value for money solutions to the needs of tourism
development and engineering industry including providing consultancy and project
implementation.
The authorized capital of the Corporation is Rs 75 crores and the paid up capital as on 31.3.2005
was Rs 67.52 crores. The 89.9748% of the paid up equity capital of the Corporation is held in the
name of President of India.
The Corporation is running hotels, restaurants at various places for tourists, besides providing
transport facilities. In addition, the Corporation is engaged in production, distribution and sale of
tourist publicity literature and providing entertainment and duty free shopping facilities to the
tourists. The Corporation has diversified into new avenues/innovative services like Full-Fledged
Money Changer (FFMC) services, engineering related consultancy services etc. The Ashok
Institute of Hospitality & Tourism Management of the Corporation imparts training and education
in the field of tourism and hospitality.
Presently, ITDC has a network of eight Ashok Group of Hotels, six Joint Venture Hotels, two
Restaurants (including one Airport Restaurant), 12 Transport Units, one Tourist
Figure 7.10: Leakage of money from Economy- Example of Kenya
(Source:http://sarkarilife.com/13147/government-job-india-tourism-development-corporation-to-
recruit-asst-company-secretary)
Service Station, 37 Duty Free Shops at International as well as Domestic Customs Airports, one
Tax Free outlet and two Sound & Light Shows.
Besides, ITDC is also managing a hotel at Bharatpur and a restaurant at Kosi on behalf of the
Department of Tourism. In addition, it is also managing catering services at Western Court,
Vigyan Bhawan, Hyderabad House and National Media Press Centre at Shastri Bhawan, New
Delhi(Hanman & Deikmann, 2010).
6. Summary
L K Jha committee focuses on development of various sectors like (Transportation,
accommodation, entertainment facilities) in order to meet the expectations of the international
tourists travelling to India. The focus was overall development of accommodation, transport,
entertainment facilities, airports etc.LK Jha committee also gave suggestions for promotion of
India as anall the year round destination in overseas market. They also recommended or
suggested for the establishment of three corporations i.e. (Tourism Corporation Limited, Hotel
Corporation of India Limited, Hotel Corporation of India Limited) for the development of
tourism industry. Later on, there were some problems and poor coordination amongst these three
corporations. These organizations did not seem to be working well and failed to maintain
standards. And lately these were amalgamated into one corporation with effect from 1stOctober
1966. The new corporation was called India Tourism Development Corporation Ltd. Since the
establishment of ITDC, it has been playing a crucial role in the development of hotels and
resorts, providing transport, entertainment, shopping and conventional services, and also acts as
consultancy-cum-managerial services in India and abroad. It has been playing a crucial role in
marketing and promotion of tourism also.