Post on 03-Mar-2023
FOREWORD
Reducing hunger and poverty in the country by half by 2015, the first UN millennium development goal, remains a serious concern. The small and marginal farmers constituting 65 per cent of the producers in India face hunger and poverty. Food insecurity among them is both a cause and consequence of poverty. Farmers are also consumers and 70 per cent of the consumers in India are also those who earn their livelihood in farming. Because of continuing poor performance of agriculture in rainfed areas and by these farmers, the growth rates of Indian agriculture witnessed sharp deceleration during the last decade, plummeting to less than 2 per cent for the decade 1995-2005 and then rising slightly above two per cent during 2006-07. However, it is still much less than the expected growth rate of 4 per cent. The Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) has set a target of 4 per cent for agricultural sector against 9 per cent for the economy as a whole. Therefore, how the nation and states jointly prepare the farmers to learn to live under the new challenges and opportunities will largely determine the success in managing the national food security and poverty scenario.
The uncommon opportunities for launching a new initiative named evergreen revolution, especially to address agricultural concerns of small farmers in rainfed areas, demand innovative policies and strategies, new planning and frontier technologies which can enhance productivity per unit of land and water. For this purpose, the most important strategic programme introduced in the Eleventh Five Year Plan is Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) with an outlay of Rs. 25,000 crores. It gives states more flexibility and incentives to spend more on agricultural sector. The additional assistance is given to the state governments, provided expenditure on agriculture by the state governments is higher than the base period, which is defined as the moving average of the expenditure of the preceding three years. The success of efforts of states in the coming five years will depend on the scale of success of synergies it is able to develop with RKVY and other programmes.
To avail additional assistance under this scheme, a framework has been provided which requires that every district should draw up a district agriculture plan that fully utilises an initial resource envelope from all existing schemes, state or central, including resources at the district level from central schemes such as those of Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Panchayati Raj and other Ministries. “TheDISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLANS (DAPs) are aimed at determining the overall resource envelope of each district, its production plan and the associated input plan”. The DAPs will document the diversity of farming economy and growth patterns within the district, potential micro climatic niches, farming systems and natural resources, cropping patterns and livestock. It has also been emphasised to integrate these district level agricultural plans with the state plan. It has been made mandatory to prepare DAPs in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Planning Commission, so as to benefit from the new central schemes for agricultural development.
It is in this context that the Department of Agriculture, Govt of Himachal Pradesh, entrusted the
task of preparing the District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) of eleven districts except Una and State Agriculture Plan (SAP) to the H.P. Agricultural University, Palampur. The university took this gigantic task seriously and constituted a core team of agricultural economists under the leadership of Dr. H. R. Sharma, Professor and Head Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension Education & Rural Sociology. The team developed conceptual framework and evolved methodology for the selection of sample panchayats. Overall, 367 sample panchayats were selected from all the 72 blocks of eleven districts in the state. Two questionnaires, one to collect data at the block level and other to collect data at the panchayat level, were prepared. To accomplish the task of data collection, over 200 scientists of the university were engaged for conducting field survey and secondary data collection from across the state in as many as 72 teams. The scientists remained in the field for about two weeks and collected data from the selected panchayats and blocks using participatory rural appraisal (PRA). To ensure comprehensiveness
in data collection for these plans, each district was assigned to a team(s) of agricultural economists. The agricultural economists incharge of different districts worked to prepare draft agriculture plans for different districts, including state agriculture plan.
The field data were further compiled and analysed by the core team of agricultural economists. The plans have been prepared as per the guidelines laid down by the Planning Commission in Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan Manual (C-DAP). Each DAP document contains a plethora of information on various aspects of agricultural development such as cropping patterns, cropping systems, input use, yield gaps, diseases, constraints and required R&D interventions, projected rates of growth for major agricultural crops and agricultural sector including horticulture and animal husbandry and projected input requirements. DAP documents also contain estimates on rural roads, available irrigation potential including water harvesting, soil conservation, human resource requirement and researchable issues that require attention to boost agricultural production and productivity of agricultural sector.
In accomplishing this task, a large team of scientists, administrative staff of the university and key persons of the state Government played key roles. The team leader, Dr. H. R. Sharma and his core team comprising Dr. S. K. Chauhan, Dr. K. D. Sharma, Dr. Virender Kumar and Dr. Harbans Lal prepared the broad framework for preparing the plans. Dr. Kamlesh Singh, Professor Statistics, Mr. Vaibhav Kalia and Mr. Kapil Sharma computer programmers developed a computer programme to analyse the data. The District Agriculture Plan for Shimla was prepared by Dr. D.R. Thakur and Dr. Harbans Lal. In addition, a large number of scientists and administrative staff of the university were involved in the first ever such state wide field survey for weeks. I wish to place on record my appreciation of the wonderful work done by each one of the above named persons and those I could not mention by name.
Throughout the work on DAPs, the university team received valuable backup advisory support
from several officers of the Department of Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry in particular from Mr. J. C. Rana, Director, Agriculture, Mr. H. R. Sharma, Additional Director, Agriculture and Mr. Y. P. Thakur, Superintendent Engineer (Soil Conservation) and on behalf of the university I wish to thank them. Lastly, I appreciate and acknowledge the cooperation and help so willingly offered to survey teams and economist incharges by the district level officers of different departments, especially those from the agriculture department, the scientists of UHF, Solan and the Pradhans of Panchayats as well as farmers, during the field surveys and report preparation.
DR TEJ PARTAP Vice Chancellor Palampur, March 18, 2009
i
C O N T E N T S
Chapter Title of the Chapter Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix-xxvi Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1-6
1.1 Background 1 1.2 Data and Methods 3
1.2.1 Sampling Plan 4 1.2.2 Survey Tools 4 1.2.3 Analytical tools 4 1.2.4 Limitations 5
Chapter II DESCRIPION OF THE DISTRICT 7-24 2.1 Background 7
2.1.1 Physical Features 7 2.1.2 Climate 7 2.1.3 Soils 8 2.2 Demographic Features 8 2.3 Land Utilisation, Cropping Pattern and Crop Production 13 2.4 Distribution of Land Holdings 18 2.5 Input Use 19 2.6 Livestock and Fisheries 21 2.7 Infrastructural Facilities 23
Chapter-III SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT 25-30 3.1 SWOT Analysis for Improving Agricultural and Allied Sectors 25
3.1.1 Strengths 25 3.1.2 Weaknesses 26 3.1.3 Opportunities 27 3.1.4 Threats 27 3.2 Issues Emerging out of SWOT Analysis 28 3.3 Sectoral Growth Drivers 29
Chapter IV AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT 31-92 4.1 Land Use Pattern and Soil Health 31 4.2 Water Resources and Management 31 4.3 Cropping System and Cropping Pattern 35 4.4 Input Use and Gaps 36 4.5 Yield Gap Analysis 37 4.6 Reasons for Gap in Yield 38 4.7 Farm Mechanization 38 4.8 Ongoing Schemes for Agriculture Development 39 4.9 Varietal and Technological Problems and Interventions 39
4.10 Extension Gaps 40 4.11 Extension Interventions 41 4.12 Researchable Issues 41
Chapter V ALLIED AGRICULTURAL SECTORS 93 -160 5.1 Horticulture 93
ii
5.2 Animal Husbandry 94 5.3 Fisheries 95 5.4 Sericulture 95 5.5 Organic Farming 95 5.6 Floriculture 95 5.7 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 95 5.8 Mushroom 96 5.9 Bee Keeping 96
5.10 Agro-Eco-Tourism 96 5.11 Marketing of Agricultural Produce 96 5.12 Agricultural Infrastructure 98 5.13 Human Resource Development 98 5.14 Unemployment and Enterprises for Livelihood 99 5.15 Agri-Business Establishments 99 5.16 Drudgery of Women 100 5.17 Livestock Feed and Fodder 100 5.18 Yield Gap in Livestock Production 101 5.19 Incidence of Livestock Diseases 101 5.20 Yield Gap in Fruit Crops 101 5.21 Researchable Issues 102
Chapter VI DISTRICT PLAN 161-1806.1 DAP and Sectoral Outlays 161 6.2 New Schemes for Agricultural Development 162 6.3 Input Requirement 167 6.4 Projected Outcome and Growth Rates 169 6.5 Growth Drivers and Expected Outcome 172 6.6 Innovative Schemes 174 6.7 Prioritization of Schemes 174
APPENDICES 181 -186
iii
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page 1.1 Sampling Plan 5 2.1 Trends in Average Rainfall; 1990-91 to 2003-04 (mm) for Shimla
District 8
2.2 Demographic Features 9 2.3 Tehsil-wise Demographic Features of District Shimla, 2001 (No.) 9 2.4 Tehsil-wise Rural and Urban Population of District Shimla, 2001
(No.) 10
2.5 Tehsil-wise Proportion of Rural and Urban Population of District Shimla, 2001
10
2.6 Proportion of Workers to Total Population, 2001(No.) in Shimla Districtand Himachal Pradesh
11
2.7 Distribution of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001 (Per cent) in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh
12
2.8 Occupational Composition of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001 13 2.9 Changing Land Utilization Pattern in Shimla District of Himachal
Pradesh (Per cent) 14
2.10 Changes in Cropping Pattern in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh (Per cent)
14
2.11 Changes in Production of Major Crops and Total Foodgrain Production, 1990-91 to 2002-03 (‘000’ mt) in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh
15
2.12 Changes in Yield of Major Foodgrain Crops, 1990-91 to 2002-03 (Q/ Ha) in Shimla District
16
2.13 Area, Production and Yield of Different Fruits, 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
16
2.14 Per cent Area and Production of Different Fruits, 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
16
2.15 Area, Production and Yield of Fruits (1990-91 to 2005-06) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
17
2.16 Area, Production and Yield of Different Vegetables (2005-2006) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
17
2.17 Changing Pattern of Land Holdings, 1980-81 to 1995-96 (Per cent) 18 2.18 Changes in Average Size of Holdings in Shimla District and Himachal
Pradesh, 1980-81 to 1995-96 (Ha) 19
2.19 Area Under Irrigation of Major Crops (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
19
2.20 Under High Yielding Varieties of Major Crops (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
20
2.21 Fertilizer Consumption, 1980-81 to 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
20
2.22 Extent of Mechanization (Number) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
21
iv
2.23 Changes in Livestock Population over 1977,1992 and 2003 Census (No.) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
22
2.24 Changes in Livestock Production over in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1994-95 and 2006-07
23
2.25 Trends in Fishery Production in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1999-2000 and 2006-07
23
2.26 Availability of Infrastructure Facilities in District Shimla 2006-07 24 4.1 Block-wise Land Utilization Pattern of Shimla District (Hectares) 45 4.2 Problems and Interventions for Land Development in Shimla District
(Per cent of Panchayats) 46
4.3 Financial Assistance for Category-wise Improvement of Land in Shimla (Rs. Lakh)
47
4.4 Interventions and Financial Estimates for Land Development in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh)
47
4.5 Major Cropping Systems in Shimla District, 2007-08 (Hectares) 49 4.6 Cropping Pattern in Shimla District, 2007-08 (Hectares) 51 4.7 Quantity of Seed Used, Required and Gap for Different Crops in
Shimla District (Kg/ Ha) 53
4.8 Block-wise Fertilizer Used, Required and Gap in Shimla District, 2007-08 (Metric Tonnes)
55
4.9 Major Insect / Pest & Diseases Limiting Crop Production in Shimla District
57
4.10 Priority-wise Weed Problems in Shimla District 58 4.11 Block-wise Pesticides/ Chemical Used, Required and Gaps in Shimla
District, 2007-2008 (Metric Tonnes) 59
4.12 Block-wise Yield Gap in Major Crops in Shimla District (Q/ Ha) 61 4.13 Farm Machinery Use and Gap in Shimla District (Block-wise) 63 4.14 Block-wise Problems and Interventions for Farm Machinery (Per cent
of Panchayats) in Shimla District 64
4.15 Existing Block Level Schemes for Agricultural Development in Shimla District
65
4.16 Status of Completed Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise)
67
4.17 Status of Functional and Non-Functional Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise)
69
4.18 Block-wise Status of Irrigation Schemes (Ongoing and Potential) in Shimla District
73
4.19 Irrigation Schemes: Repair and Maintenance (Rs. Lakh) in Shimla District.
76
4.20 Block-wise Varietal and Technological Problems of Main Crops (Per cent of Panchayats ) in Shimla District
78
4.21 Block-wise Varietal and Technological Interventions for Improving Production of Major Crops (Per cent of Panchayats ) in Shimla District
82
v
4.22 Estimated Yields and Yield Gaps in Crops of Shimla District (Q/ Ha) of Himachal Pradesh
86
5.1 Block-wise Area under Different Fruits in Shimla District, 2007-08 (Hectares)
106
5.2 Existing Block Level Schemes for Horticultural Development (Rs. Lakh) in Shimla District
107
5.3 Block-wise Existing Status and Potential for Horticulture Development in Shimla District (Area in Ha, Prod. in mt)
108
5.4 Existing Block Level Schemes for Livestock Development in Shimla District
110
5.5 Livestock Population (Number) in Shimla District (Block-wise) 111 5.6 Existing Block Level Schemes for Fisheries in Shimla District 112 5.7 Status of Cultured Fisheries in Shimla District (Block-wise) 112 5.8 Block-wise Problems and Interventions for Cultured Fisheries in
Shimla District (Per cent of Panchayats) 113
5.9 Block-wise Production and Disposal of Agricultural Products (Metric Tonnes) in Shimla District
114
5.10 Block-wise Production and Disposal of Horticultural Products (Metric Tonnes) in Shimla District
116
5.11 Block-wise Production and Disposal of Livestock Products and Livestock in Shimla District
118
5.12 Agricultural Infrastructure (Number) in Shimla District 119 5.13 Block-wise Financial Estimates for Market Infrastructure of Livestock
Products (Rs. Lakh) in Shimla District 120
5.14 Block-wise Existing Block Level Schemes in Shimla District 121 5.15 Block-wise Status of Human Resource for Agricultural Development
in Shimla District (Number) 123
5.16 Block-wise Financial Assistance for Human Resource Development in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh)
124
5.17 Block-wise Unemployment Status (Number) for Shimla District 125 5.18 Block-wise Potential Enterprises for Employment and Assistance
Required (Per cent Employment) 126
5.19 Block-wise Status of Agri-Business Establishments in Shimla District (Number)
132
5.20 Block-wise Status of Agro-Processing Units/ Enterprises in Shimla District
133
5.21 Block-wise Financial Assistance for Agro-processing Units in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh)
140
5.22 Block-wise Drudgery of Women (Per cent Response) in Shimla District
141
5.23 Block-wise Availability and Requirement of Feed and Fodder (Kg/ Animal/ Day) in Shimla District
143
5.24 Block-wise Yield Gaps in Livestock (Units/Animal/Day) in Shimla District.
144
vi
5.25 Block-wise Reason for Yield Gap in Livestock Production (Per cent of Panchayats) in Shimla District
145
5.26 Block-wise Status of Infection, Mortality and Availability of Treatment in Shimla District (Per cent)
146
5.27 Block-wise Interventions for Livestock Diseases in Shimla District (Per cent of Panchayats)
148
5.28 Block-wise Planting Material Used, Required and Gap in Fruit Plants in Shimla District (No. of Plants/ Ha)
150
5.29 Block-wise Yield Gap in Fruit Crops in Shimla District (mt/ ha) 151 5.30 Block-wise Varietal and Technological Problems of Fruit, Flower and
Fodder Crops in Shimla District (Per cent of Panchayats) 152
5.31 Block-wise Varietal and Technological Intervention of Fruit, Flower and Fodder Crops (Per cent of Panchayats) in Shimla District
154
5.32 Block-wise Financial Assistance for Other Agricultural Schemes in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh/ Year)
158
5.33 Block-wise Financial Assistance for Other Agricultural Schemes in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh)
158
5.34 Block-wise Existing and Potential Status of Mushroom Cultivation in Shimla District. (Rs. Lakh)
159
5.35 Block-wise Status and Financial Assistance for Bee Keeping in Shimla District
159
6.1 Sectoral Outlay and Yearly Allocation (Rs. Lakh) 161 6.2 Block-wise Proposed New Schemes for Development of Agricultural
Sector in Shimla District 164
6.3 Block-wise New Schemes for Protected Cultivation in Shimla District 166 6.4 Block-wise Other Agricultural Schemes and Financial Assistance in
Shimla District 166
6.5 New Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise) 167 6.6 Consumption of Fertilizers in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes) 168 6.7 Block-wise Augmentation of Land and Water Resources: Physical
Targets (Ha) 170
6.8 Projected Output Growth in Field Crops in Shimla District (Quintals) 170 6.9 Projected Production and Growth in Agricultural Crops in Shimla
District (Metric Tonnes) 171
6.10 Projected Production and Growth in Horticultural Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)
171
6.11 Projected Production and Growth in Livestock Sector in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)
172
6.12 Estimated and Projected Value of Output in Different Sectors (Rs. Lakh)
172
6.13 Block-wise Prioritization of Different Works/ Schemes for Different Sectors in Shimla District (Ranks)
176
vii
APPENDICES No. Title Page
1 Demographic and Institutional Features of Blocks in Shimla District (Number)
181
2 Distribution of Workers and Categories of Farmers (Number) in Shimla District
185
3 Status of Migrant Labour (Number) in Shimla District 185
MAP
Map No. Title Page 4.1 Ground Water User Map of District Shimla 33
ix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I. District Agricultural Plan: Funding Proposal for Five Years (Lakh Rs.)
Sr.No.
Schemes Total Plan Outlay
Yearly Allocation I II III IV V
I Interventions to Improve and Enhance Sustainability of Crop Production System
5692 853.8 1138.4 1138.4 1138.4 1423
1 Improvement of productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and spices crops through promotion of HYV seeds including hybrids
250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5
2 Improvement of soil health through vermicomposting, bio-fertilizers, micro nutrients, soil testing, etc.
650 97.5 130 130 130 162.5
3 Protection of crops against biotic stresses (diseases, pests, weeds) and abiotic stresses (hailstorms, drought, flash floods, etc) and other risk factors
850 127.5 170 170 170 212.5
4 Water use efficiency through micro irrigation
2000 300 400 400 400 500
(i) Sprinkler 1900 285 380 380 380 475 (ii) Drip 100 15 20 20 20 25
5 Agricultural mechanization through popularization of improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/ harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers and gender friendly post harvesting equipments to remove women drudgery
150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5
6 Protected (poly house) cultivation to minimize risk factors and enhance quality and productivity
1542 231.3 308.4 308.4 308.4 385.5
7 Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)
150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5
8 Strengthening of seed production farms and promotion of infrastructure to improve seed production and replacement
100 15 20 20 20 25
II Need Based Infrastructural Development
4614 692.1 922.8 922.8 922.8 1153.5
1 Improvement of on-farm water delivery and efficiency of existing irrigation systems
2290 343.5 458 458 458 572.5
2 Rural markets 2324 348.6 464.8 464.8 464.8 581
x
III Natural Resource Conservation and Management
32666 4899.9 6533.2 6533.2 6533.2 8166.5
1. Soil conservation of arable and non-arable land through engineering measures
1800 270 360 360 360 450
2. Water harvesting check dams, ponds, tanks, etc
12325 1848.75 2465 2465 2465 3081.25
3. Land improvement 18541 2781.15 3708.2 3708.2 3708.2 4635.25 IV Niche Based Enterprises for Rural
Entrepreneurs 329 49.35 65.8 65.8 65.8 82.25
(i) Organic farming 33 4.95 6.6 6.6 6.6 8.25 (ii) Sericulture 14 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.5 (iii)Agro-tourism 250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5 (iv) Medicinal and aromatic plants 12 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 3 (v) Floriculture 20 3 4 4 4 5
V Fruit Production 2520 378 504 504 504 630 VI Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries 1371 205.65 274.2 274.2 274.2 342.75 1 Livestock improvement 846 126.9 169.2 169.2 169.2 211.5 2 Fisheries 525 78.75 105 105 105 131.25
VII Human Resource Development 1158 173.7 231.6 231.6 231.6 289.5 1 Additional man power requirement 1124 168.6 224.8 224.8 224.8 281 2 Capacity building of extension
personnel 34 5.1 6.8 6.8 6.8 8.5
VIII Research & Extension 1181 177.15 236.2 236.2 236.2 295.25 IX All Sectors & Schemes 49531 7429.65 9906.2 9906.2 9906.2 12382.75
Note: The funding proposal for the next five year plan is extracted from the comprehensive District Agriculture Plan. This plan excludes full amount of funds earmarked for development of irrigation and rural roads for connectivity and 50 per cent of the funds estimated for rural markets and water harvesting
xi
II. Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan: Sectoral Outlay and Yearly Allocation (Rs. Lakhs)
Sr.No.
Schemes Total Plan Outlay
Yearly Allocation I II III IV V
I Interventions to Improve and Enhance Sustainability of Crop Production System
5692 853.8 1138.4 1138.4 1138.4 1423
1 Improvement of productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and spices crops through promotion of HYV seeds including hybrids
250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5
2 Improvement of soil health through vermicomposting, bio-fertilizers, micro nutrients, soil testing, etc.
650 97.5 130 130 130 162.5
3 Protection of crops against biotic stresses (diseases, pests, weeds) and abiotic stresses (hailstorms, drought, flash floods, etc) and other risk factors
850 127.5 170 170 170 212.5
4 Water use efficiency through micro irrigation
2000 300 400 400 400 500
(i) Sprinkler 1900 285 380 380 380 475 (ii) Drip 100 15 20 20 20 25 5 Agricultural mechanization through
popularization of improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/ harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers and gender friendly post harvesting equipments to remove women drudgery
150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5
6 Protected (poly house) cultivation to minimize risk factors and enhance quality and productivity
1542 231.3 308.4 308.4 308.4 385.5
7 Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)
150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5
8 Strengthening of seed production farms and promotion of infrastructure to improve seed production and replacement
100 15 20 20 20 25
II Need Based Infrastructural Development
26613 3991.95 5322.6 5322.6 5322.6 6653.25
1 Irrigation 15738 2360.7 3147.6 3147.6 3147.6 3934.5 2 Improvement of on-farm water delivery
and efficiency of existing irrigation systems
2290 343.5 458 458 458 572.5
3 Rural markets 4648 697.2 929.6 929.6 929.6 1162 4 Rural roads for connectivity 3937 590.55 787.4 787.4 787.4 984.25
III Natural Resource Conservation and Management
44991 6748.65 8998.2 8998.2 8998.2 11247.75
1. Soil conservation of arable and non-arable land through engineering measures
1800 270 360 360 360 450
xii
2. Water harvesting check dams, ponds, tanks, etc
24650 3697.5 4930 4930 4930 6162.5
3. Land improvement 18541 2781.15 3708.2 3708.2 3708.2 4635.25 IV Niche Based Enterprises for Rural
Entrepreneurs 329 49.35 65.8 65.8 65.8 82.25
(i) Organic farming 33 4.95 6.6 6.6 6.6 8.25 (ii) Sericulture 14 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.5 (iii)Agro-tourism 250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5 (iv) Medicinal and aromatic plants 12 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 3 (v) Floriculture 20 3 4 4 4 5
V Fruit Production 2520 378 504 504 504 630 VI Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries 1371 205.65 274.2 274.2 274.2 342.75 1 Livestock improvement 846 126.9 169.2 169.2 169.2 211.5 2 Fisheries 525 78.75 105 105 105 131.25
VII Human Resource Development 1158 173.7 231.6 231.6 231.6 289.5 1 Additional man power requirement 1124 168.6 224.8 224.8 224.8 281 2 Capacity building of extension
personnel 34 5.1 6.8 6.8 6.8 8.5
VIII Research & Extension 1181 177.15 236.2 236.2 236.2 295.25 IX All Sectors & Schemes 83855 12578.25 16771 16771 16771 20963.75
xiii
I. PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS AND EXPECTED OUTCOME
1 Projected Growth and Diversification of Agriculture in Shimla District
Crops
Existing Potential production(MT)
Growth rate (% p. a.)
Area (Ha) Production (MT) Yield (Q/ha) Scenario I
Scenario II
Scenario I
Scenario II
Maize 13639 32990 24.19 48339 42634 9.31 5.85 Paddy 3085 3304 10.71 6453 4834 19.06 9.26 Wheat 16079 21590 13.43 31915 28181 9.56 6.11 Barley 4468 5455 12.21 7879 6936 8.89 5.43 Pulses 5067 1135 2.24 1421 1443 5.03 5.43 Foodgrain 47834 71589 14.97 97743 93753 7.31 6.19 Vegetables 8045 150442 187.00 217920 307185 8.97 20.84
Note: i Scenario I output growth with increased irrigated area and crop improvement programmes ii. Scenario II output growth with diversion of 20 % irrigated area to vegetable crops
2. Projected Output Growth in Field Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)
Crops Current production Projected production Growth rate (% p.a.)
Cereals 68206.10 92520.90 7.13Maize 32407.20 43759.10 7.01 Paddy 4111.70 5137.40 4.99 Wheat 24478.80 33737.40 7.56 Barley 7208.40 9887.00 7.43 Pulses 3274.40 4906.70 9.97 Rajmash 1664.10 2363.00 8.40 Mash 1337.50 2074.20 11.02 Oilseeds 272.80 469.50 14.42 Vegetables 138789.80 184968.90 6.65 Potato 61112.90 75165.10 4.60 Pea 25754.90 36275.50 8.17 Tomato 11965.30 18312.90 10.61 Cabbage 25404.90 36080.60 8.40 Cauliflower 7881.60 9461.10 4.01 French bean 2650.80 3765.00 8.41 Capsicum 1998.50 3235.40 12.38 Other vegetables 2020.90 2673.30 6.46 Spices 1649.20 2424.50 9.40 Ginger 1461.00 2130.00 9.16 Garlic 188.20 294.50 11.30
Note: Projections are based on the average yields and yields obtained by the progressive farmers Source: Field survey, 2007-08
xiv
3. Projected Production and Growth in Horticultural Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)
Fruits Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.)
Apple 185191.16 328171.29 7.72 Pear 5736.00 21072.26 26.74 Stone fruit 5993.38 11800.55 9.69 Nuts 703.66 1759.55 15.01 Other temperate fruit 5376.32 11951.39 12.23 Citrus 138.71 296.11 11.35 Mango 812.98 2041.47 15.11 Other sub-tropical fruit 79.72 231.51 19.04 All fruit 204031.92 377324.13 8.49
Note: Based on actual and potential yields. The gestation period of ten years has been considered for computing growth rate Source: Field survey, 2007-08
4. Projected Production and Growth in Livestock Sector in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)
S.No.
Product Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.)
1. Milk Cross bred cows 115379.08 200532.52 14.76 Local cows 35028.18 58595.06 13.46 Buffaloes 10152.89 14840.89 9.23 Goats 5714.26 10781.61 17.74 Total milk 166274.40 284750.08 14.25 2 Wool 105.78 145.80 7.57 3 Meat 892.15 1037.15 3.25
Source: Field survey, 2007-08
5. Estimated and Projected Value Output in Different Sectors (Rs. Lakhs)
Sectors Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.)
Agriculture 17003.94 23153.77 7.23 Horticulture 23945.67 43804.14 8.49 Animal husbandry 20793.58 35174.69 13.83 All sectors 61743.19 102132.60 9.81
Source: Field survey, 2007-08
xv
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ote:
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7 m
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stri
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ly in
the
year
200
7-08
has
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atio
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t
he g
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ate
Sour
ce:
i) D
ata
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sis
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ield
sur
vey,
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7-08
ii) D
ata
on s
uppl
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tiliz
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has
been
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d fr
om D
irec
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te o
f A
gric
ultu
re, S
him
la
iii)
Proj
ectio
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y th
e co
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ing
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logy
ado
pted
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Fert
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ssoc
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Ind
ia, N
ew D
elhi
xvi
Interventions
� Ensuring availability of quality inputs like improved seeds, fertilizers and plant protection material by improving and strengthening delivery system
� Improvement of physical, chemical and biological parameters on the basis of soil health cards proposed to be issued to all farmers
� Promotion of integrated nutrient management through vermi-composting, popularization of bio-fertilisers and other ameliorants in addition to judicious and balanced nutrients to crops
� Promotion of micro-irrigation for efficient management and delivery of required quantities of water as per crop needs
� Promotion of mechanization conducive to hill farming and equipments and implements to reduce labour and to provide relief to the women folk
� Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seeds, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)
� Promotion of protected cultivation along with supporting infrastructure for quality production of high-value cash crops
� Accelerating the process of replacing indigenous breed of sheep and goat with improved breeds
� Promoting health care system of sheep and goat
� Provision of quality plant material to promote fruit production and harness available potential
� Strengthening the existing marketing infrastructure for high-value cash crops including vegetables and fruits
� Provision of quality plant material to promote fruit production and harness available potential
� Construction of adequate number of CAS (Control Atmosphere Storage) at critical points
� Installation of anti-hail guns at critical points
Research and Extension Support
� Refinement and validation of technologies for different agro-ecological situations
� Ex-situ and in situ conservation of minor millets and cereals
� Transfer of technologies through extension interventions like trainings, demonstrations, exposure visits, replication of success stories, etc.
xvii
� Validation of ITKS
� Use of IT for technology dissemination by creating IT hubs at focal points Creation of a farmers’ advisory system to address their day - to - day queries
� Promotion and strengthening of the public- private partnership for ensuring delivery of need based inputs and technologies
� Provision of technical know-how to farmers about the orchard management techniques like cutting, pruning, grafting and marketing operations like grading and packaging
7. Block-wise Augmentation of Land and Water Resources: Physical Targets (Ha) in Shimla District
Block Cultivated land
Potential cultivable
land
Productive support
land
Potential support
land
Existing irrigated
area
Potential irrigated
land
Irrigation potential through water
harvesting Basantpur 5131 1540 8920 3823 271 200 600 Chirgaon 6573 3383 49000 558 815 500 500 Chopal 13169 954 25446 6362 675 1050 2500 Jubbal 12940 3011 6698 5000 197 5728 360 Mashobra 9518 2414 9415 841 74 1200 1500 Nankhari 6110 4160 3924 1104 65 87 500 Narkanda 6082 965 8000 1157 200 40 800 Rohroo 8235 3185 7908 416 170 40 800 Rampur 6996 11320 31308 26418 1763 200 800 Theog 7536 4355 20000 5483 105 2050 1500 District 82290 35287 170619 51162 4335 11095 9860
Interventions
� In situ soil and water conservation by employing different measures
� Improvement of support lands (private grasslands) by employing different measures for the control of invasive shrubs and weeds, etc.
� Use of water potential to provide assured irrigation to rain-fed areas
� Water harvesting to create water potential for irrigation and to augment ground water
� Improvement of pastures and restoration and protection of forest grazing rights of shepherd community
8 Potential Enterprises for Gainful Employment
Sector Enterprises Farm Protected cultivation, agro-tourism, fishery, medicinal plants, mushroom, beekeeping,
organic farming, seed production, floriculture, nursery raising, dairy farming Non-Farm Vermicompost, rural craft, fruit and vegetable processing, mushroom compost
xviii
9 Human Resource
Block Crop Production Horticulture Animal Husbandry Others Total Basantpur 10 4 2 4 20 Chirgaon 0 2 0 4 6 Chopal 0 4 0 7 11 Jubbal 2 0 1 4 7
Mashobra 0 2 0 3 5 Nankhari 7 1 1 3 12 Narkanda 1 2 1 1 5 Rohroo 0 0 11 0 11 Rampur 0 0 0 3 3 Theog 0 2 0 3 5 District 20 17 16 32 85
Requirement (No.)
Interventions
� Need based training to the extension personnel within and outside the country
� Exposure to places of success stories where exemplary success has been achieved in the improvement of farming systems
Some Quantitative Outcomes
� Foodgrain production shall increase from 71,589 metric tonnes to 97,743 metric tonnes after the implementation of the plan recording a growth rate of 7.31 per cent per annum in scenario I. Even in scenario II when 20 per cent of irrigated land is shifted to high value cash crops, the growth rate in foodgrain production shall remain at 6.19 per cent per annum. The field survey also reveals high growth potential which is evident from wide gaps in the average yields and yields of progressive farmers
� Production of vegetables would increase from 1,50,442 metric tonnes to 2,17,920 metric tonnes in scenario I registering a growth rate of 8.97 per cent per annum when the proportion of area under these crops remains same and to 3,07,185 metric tonnes recording a growth rate of 20.94 per cent per annum in scenario II when 20 per cent of the irrigated area is brought under these crops. The production of vegetable crops would get big boost with the improvement in irrigation and marketing infrastructure This will generate a marketable surplus of 2,76,467 metric tonnes which in monetary terms amounts to Rs.276.47 crores. The market disposal of surplus is expected to create huge employment opportunities for rural unemployed youth through forward and backward linkages
xix
� The fruit production in the district will increase from the existing level of 2,04,032 metric tonnes to 3,77,324 metric tonnes with annual growth of 8.49 per cent. Apple is the most predominant fruit which shall record annual growth of around 8 per cent per annum in production.
� The milk, meat and wool production would increase at the annual rate of 14.25 per cent, 3.25 per cent and 7.57 per cent, respectively
� Land amounting to 20,955 hectares shall be brought under protective and assured irrigation. With the implementation of plan, 30.73 per cent of the arable land will have assured irrigation facilities compared to existing 5.27 per cent
� A huge chunk of land to the tune of 24,617 hectares infested with soil erosion and stream bank erosion, etc., shall be treated by adopting soil conservation measures. Support land (community/public/private grasslands) of 2,21,781 hectares shall be treated against invasive weeds and shrubs. This shall improve the fodder production to the approximate level of 22,178 metric tonnes
� The projected fertilizer requirement in the district by 2012-13 would be around 10,309.52 metric tonnes of urea, 10,105.81 metric tonnes of IFFCO (12:32:16), 1,574.66 metric tonnes of SSP and 5,915.24 metric tonnes of MOP. In case of increased irrigation and more diversification, the requirement of different fertilizer brands shall increase substantially.
� The value output of agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry will grow at an annual rate of 7.23 per cent, 8.49 per cent and 13.83 per cent, respectively. The overall value of gross output including agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry will increase from existing level of Rs 61,743 lakhs to Rs 1,02,133 lakhs thereby registering an annual growth rate of about 10 per cent over the plan period
Researchable Issues
The research issues that emerged from close perusal of agricultural status and potential in the district are given below:
Natural Resource Management
� Assessment and harnessing of water potential to provide assured irrigation to rain-fed areas
� Base-line survey of river catchments and assessment of ground water potential
� Characterization, classification and preparation of fertility maps of soils
xx
� Evaluation of resource conservation technologies (like conservation tillage, deficit water management, pressurized irrigation systems, nutrient-water interaction studies and recycling of waste organic residues, etc. for irrigated and rain-fed areas
� Assessment of economics of commercial crops and impact on natural resources (soil and water) and livelihoods of people
� Studies on climate change and its impacts on agro-ecology and devising suitable strategies to emerging problems from climatic change
Crop Improvement
� Development of high yielding varieties of various crops having wider adaptability and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, through exploitation of land races, agronomic basis and alien species using conventional as well as non-conventional breeding approaches
� Development of drought and disease resistant cereal varieties using certain innovative biotechnological approaches
� Acceleration of wheat improvement endeavours for the development of large number of targeted varieties for specific regions following chromosome elimination-mediated double haploidy breeding and molecular cyto-genetic approaches
� Development of wheat varieties specifically for low input and organic farming systems following organic plant breeding approaches
� Development of quality bread wheat for nutritional security in the district
� Development of wheat varieties having higher levels of rust resistance, amber grains, high regenerability and suitable maturity through introgression of important genes from the spring wheat following conventional and double haploidy breeding approaches
� Breeding for superior hulled and hulless varieties in barley for different locations of the district having resistance to yellow rust and barley blight
� Breeding for value added products like malting, brewing and other products
� Development of composites/ hybrids in maize to assure nutritional security and promotion of industrial use of maize with specific desirable quality traits
� Development and evaluation of high yielding single cross hybrids and composites in maize
� Development of hybrid oriented source population.
� Development of varieties of different pulses like mash and moong that are high yielding, disease resistant and mature early.
xxi
� Development of disease free varieties of Rajmash having high yield and suitable for intercropping.
� Development of oilseed varieties with high seed and oil yield.
� Development of high yielding fodder varieties having high nutritive value and regeneration capacity e.g. setaria and napier bajara hybrids and oats among annuals
� Development of improved varieties e.g. of tall fescu grass and legumes viz., clovers and cultivated oats as annual fodder crop
� Selection, conservation, evaluation, documentation and utilization of genetic resources ensuring wider coverage under improved crop varieties with major emphasis on quality seed production
� Refinement and validation of technologies for major crops
� Integrated nutrient management
� Development of technologies for improving water and fertilizer use efficiency in different crops
� Integrated nutrient management technology demonstration on farm/field and issues in solid waste management and standardization of agro-technology for organic farming
� Development/identification of hybrids and varieties of potential vegetable crops, standardization of production technology of hybrids and development of hybrids and production technology for protected cultivation
� Studies on economic and marketing aspects of cash crops
� Regular impact assessment and policy evaluation effecting necessary changes
� Study and evaluation of supply chain management and emerging market systems
Crop Protection
� Survey and surveillance of major diseases and pests of important crops
� Identification of resistant sources and study of genetics of resistance against pests and diseases
� Marker assisted selection of resistance genes using molecular markers and their use in gene pyramiding for resistance in commercial varieties
� Development of integrated disease and pest management modules suitable for organic and protected agriculture conditions
� Development of detection techniques for pathogens of quarantine importance and certification purposes relating to important seed and soil borne diseases (root rot and wilt
xxii
complex, bacterial wilt, bean mosaic, urd-bean leaf crinkle, bacterial blight and potato viruses, etc.)
� Formulation of bio-intensive IPM strategies for the management of Helicoverpaarmigera (tomato, fruit flies in cucurbits and tomatoes), cut worms (vegetables); plant parasitic nematodes (cereals and vegetables), insect, pest and nematode management under protected cultivation situations
� Collection and utilization of local strains of entomopathogenic organisms for insect pest management under organic farming situations
� Identification and utilization of native botanicals for eco-friendly pest management.
� Safe management alternatives for the stored grain pests
� Identification and management of diseases and insect-pests of medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants
� Weed management studies in major crops
Horticulture
� Determining suitability of new improved apple, pear and cherry varieties and rootstocks for commercialization
� Identification of niche area and remapping of different fruit growing belts
� Rejuvenation of old and senile orchards
� Evaluation of cherry rootstocks for wide adaptability
� Identification and multiplication of clonal rootstocks for precaucious and higher yields in pears.
� Development of production module for organic fruit farming
� Development of irrigation and fertigation modules
� Nutrient indexing and improvement of soil health
� Development of resource (soil & water) conservation horticulture practices
� Development of technology for Integrated Nutrient Management in fruits and vegetables
� Generation of data base of pollinator diversity in different horticultural crops
� Awareness of pollinator conservation and use of honey bees in managed crop pollination for increased crop productivity
� Identification of potential bee-keeping belts in different blocks
� Identification of safe waiting periods of pesticides on horticultural crops
xxiii
� Development of management strategies for curative and post symptom control of apple scab and premature leaf fall
� Evaluating the efficacy of newly developed fungicides, monitoring of resistant strains and breeding for disease resistance against apple scab and premature leaf fall
� Establishment of race situation in respect of apple scab
� Developing strategies for the management of newly emerging foliar and fruit diseases of apple like root rot causing pre-harvest fruit drop, etc.
� Standardization of alternative propagation techniques and quality nursery production of fruit crops
� Identification of constraints in different horticultural crops
� Refinement of spray schedules in apple
� Studies on economic and marketing aspects of cherry and other minor fruits
Animal Husbandry
� Identification of socio-biological causes, economic implications and remedial strategy to tackle monkey menace.
� A technical analysis of livestock health and reproduction facilities of state Animal Husbandry Department by livestock keepers of the district
� A study on the adoption of improved animal health and production technologies by livestock farmers in the district
� Identification of the indigenous livestock health practices among livestock farmers in less developed areas of the district
� Development of a strategic dairy farming package for livestock farmers in the district, in the face of ’livestock revolution 2020
� Identification of the critical technical gaps in attaining the profitability under hill cattle production system
� Development of endocrinological tools to augment production and reproduction in dairy animals
� Strategic mineral supplementation in animals to improve profitability of livestock owners of the district
� Epidemiological data collection and mapping of the district and adjoining areas
� Surveillance, monitoring and control of diseases of animals and birds including wild fauna
xxiv
� Pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drugs on local breeds of animals and pharmacokinetic interaction of herbal bio-enhancers
� Pharmacological and toxicological studies on the poisonous plants of the district
� Development of herbal nutraceuticals for health and production of farm animals
� Toxicological studies on the poisonous plants and characterization of their toxic principles and anti nutritional factors
� Investigation on the etiological agents of infectious infertility among bovine, ovine and caprice including male animals with special emphasis on Brucellosis
� Preparation and testing of multiserotype vaccine against H.S.
� Serosurveillance of some important infections diseases in livestock of district
� Investigation on the epidemiology and serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in bovines in the district
� Molecular diagnosis and genetic diversity analysis of important pathogens responsible for major animal diseases and zoonoses in the district
� Identification of constraints in way of transfer of dairy technology of livestock farmers in the district: perceptions of stake-holders i.e. livestock keepers, veterinarians, para vets and development agencies/NGOs
� Identification of the indigenous livestock health practices among livestock farmers in the district
� Documentation of the prevailing ethno-veterinary practices among migratory shepherds (Gaddies) of the district, their scientific validation and subsequent mass dissemination
� Analytical study of the contribution of women to animal husbandry operations in different agro-climatic situations of the district
� Documentation and scientific validation of the livestock husbandry- related indigenous technical knowledge (ITK)/ practices among backward area like Dodra Kwar of the district
� Evaluation of appropriateness of the recommended animal husbandry technologies for different agro-climatic situations of the district
� Developing database for various surgical disorder in small and large animals of the district
� Diagnosis imaging for early and accurate management of surgical afflictions in animals
� Evaluation of medicinal plants/ herbs utilized in soft and hard tissue healing in animals
� Development of safe and suitable balanced anaesthetic techniques for ponies and wild animal of the district
xxv
� Standardization of various orthopaedics (external and internal) techniques in large, small and companion animals
� Standardization and further application of endoscopic and laproscopic techniques in clinical cases of abdominal disorders in small and large animal
� Application of various diagnostic and operative ophthalmic procedures in surgical cases of small and large animals
Floriculture
� Delineation of areas/ locations suitable for different flower crops
� Availability of authentic and quality germplasm/ planting material of various flower crops to the growers at affordable prices
� Year round flower production
� Standardization of location-specific production technology for different flower crops as under:
i) Recommendation of varieties
ii) Standardization of planting time
iii) Standardization of nutrients and integrated management (INM and IPM)
iv) Irrigation management
v) Flower regulation as per the market demands
vi) Post-harvest management and maintaining the cool chain
vii) Refinement of infrastructure (greenhouse technology)
Fisheries
Development of technologies to harness trout fish production potential and also providing technical know-how to the fish farmers
In brief, the implementation of District Agricultural Plan (DAP) shall strengthen and improve the physical and institutional infrastructure and shall restore, rejuvenate, conserve and enhance the health of the available natural resource base. It shall also give a big boost to the ongoing process of crop diversification towards high value cash crop agriculture including off-season vegetables and other niche based enterprises generating adequate employment opportunities for the rural unemployed youth. In concrete terms, the implementation of the plan shall go a long way in ensuring ecological sustainability and economic viability of the production systems of the district.
1
Chapter-I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Planning is an act or process of preparing or carrying out a focussed activity with goals, procedures and policies for economic emancipation of a social or economic unit in a given time frame. The document containing goals, targets and policies to accomplish plan targets is defined as plan. Planning in the context of district agricultural plans is an exercise of preparing an integrated plan considering available resources and encompassing all sectoral activities and schemes being carried out by the government or non-government organisations in a local government area such as panchayat, block/taluka or district. Accordingly, the plan thus prepared is called panchayat or block or district plan. The process of democratic decentralised planning in India dates back to the First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956) which underlined the need to break up the planning exercise into national, state, district and community levels. Two new elements, namely, establishment of District Development Council and drawing up of village plans and people’s participation in planning process through democratic decisions were added in the Second Five Year Plan following the recommendations of Balwant Rai Mehta Committee in 1957. Several new elements have been added to strengthen the process of decentralised planning in the subsequent plans. The importance of preparing panchayat/block/district plan lies in involving the people at the grassroots/stakeholders level and those who are responsible for implementing these plans. The Administrative Reforms Commission in 1967 highlighted that planning needed to be focussed in those areas where local variations in pattern and process of development were likely to yield quick results. The Planning Commission issued guidelines to the state governments for formulating district plans in 1969. These guidelines provided details regarding the concept and methodology for drawing up these plans in a framework of annual, medium and perspective plans. The recommendations of several other Committees, namely, Danatwala (1978), Hanumantha Rao (1984) and GVK Rao 1985 were instrumental in the concretisation of the idea and concept of District Plans.
The preparation of these plans assumed special significance in the aftermath of the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments which conferred constitutional status to panchayats at district and sub-district levels and local self-government in urban areas. Article 243 ZD of the constitution provides for the procedure for the constitution of District Planning Committee at the district level to consolidate the plans prepared by the panchayats and municipalities and prepare draft development plan for the whole district. The important functions proposed for the district planning committee include, inter alia, to (i) consolidate plans prepared by the panchayats at different levels of the rural local and urban bodies; (ii) assess the development disparity that exists between or among village panchayats, block panchayats and municipalities and identify the basic reasons for these disparities; (iii) identify and prioritise the schemes for the
2
development of district conforming to the objectives of the state and central governments; (iv) formulate objectives and strategies for the identification and prioritisation of the schemes for the district. As per the guidelines, the preparation of district level plans have to preceded, among others, by the complete assignment of the activities to be undertaken by different levels of local government, formation of District Planning Committees (DPCs).
The current crisis in agricultural sector has once again brought up the importance of preparing district agricultural plans taking into account myriad of agro-climatic niches, problems and potentials in each of the district in the country. As is well known, performance of Indian economy has been a global success story. While it has been growing at a rate of 6 per cent per annum since 1993, the growth rate has been an astonishing 9 per cent during the last four years. This is in stark contrast to the growth rate in Indian agriculture which has witnessed sharp deceleration during the last decade or so. The growth rate has plummeted from a 3.62 per cent per annum during the period of 1984-85 to 1995-96 to less than 2 per cent in the subsequent period of 1995-96 to 2004-05. Agricultural growth was slightly above two per cent during 2006-07 but much lower than the target growth rate of 4 per cent. In brief, Indian agriculture is in a crisis which is unprecedented. The sordid state of affairs has been attributed, among others, technology fatigue versus policy fatigue and persistent neglect of agriculture and gradual withdrawal of state from active participation in development activities. It is evident from declining plan outlay, declining public sector capital formation, dwindling credit supply which is manifested in fact that the growth rate of institutional credit to agriculture has declined from about 6. 64 per cent during 1981-91 to 2.16 per cent during 1991-99, decrease in the use of critical inputs, increase in the cost of production, faulty price policy in terms of mismatch between minimum support price (MSP) and coverage of commodities under MSP scheme. Likewise, neglect of agricultural research and extension, technology fatigue manifested in stagnation/deceleration in growth of yields of important crops like wheat, practically no increase in area under irrigation despite launching Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) in 1996-97. Between 1995-96 and 2003-04 both central and state governments have spent nearly Rs. 35,000 crores but the net irrigated area has remained static at around 53-55 million hectares, the poor growth in surface irrigation has obliged farmers to depend heavily on ground water exploitation thereby depleting ground water resources and increasing cost of production and fall in the rate of growth of employment opportunities. While the overall employment growth declined from 1.74 per cent between 1983-84 and 1993-94 to 1.08 per cent between 1993-94 and 2003-04, in agriculture it decreased from 1.41 per cent to 0.63 per cent. The net result has been dwindling income of the farmers culminating in increasing number of farmers’ suicides.
The Eleventh Five -Year Plan (2007-2012) has set a target of 4 per cent for agricultural sector and 9 per cent for the economy as a whole. To accomplish this rate of growth, centre has emphasised fast and inclusive growth, especially of agricultural sector, so that the benefits of growth percolate down to the most vulnerable sections of the society like landless labour, marginal and small farmers, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, women, and so on. A number of
3
new initiatives have been launched to revive growth in agriculture. One of such important innovation that has been introduced in the Eleventh Five Year- Plan is Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) with an outlay of Rs. 25,000 crores to give states more flexibility and autonomy in planning and executing programmes for agriculture, achieve goals of bridging the yield gaps in important crops, maximise returns to the farmers, incentivise them to spend more on agricultural sector and address the agriculture and allied sectors in an integrated manner. The funds under this scheme would be provided to the states as 100 per cent grant by the central government. An outlay of Rs. 1,500 crores has been approved for 2007-08. The financial assistance provided to the state governments from this centrally sponsored scheme is subject to fulfilment of certain conditions. First, the expenditure on agriculture by the state governments is higher than the base period, which is defined as the moving average of the expenditure of the preceding three years. Second, the preparation of district and state agricultural plans is mandatory. The areas like integrated development of food crops including coarse cereals, minor millets and pulses, agricultural mechanisations, soil health and productivity, development of rain- fed farming systems, integrated pest management, market infrastructure, horticulture, animal husbandry, dairying and fisheries, completion of projects that have definite time lines, support to institutions that promote agriculture and horticulture, etc organic and bio-fertilisers are given priority. The District Agricultural Plan (DAP) should determine each district’s final resource envelops, its production plan and the associated input plan. It has also been emphasised to integrate these district level agricultural plans with the state plans.
Against above background, the Himachal Pradesh State Department of Agriculture entrusted the task of preparing these plans to Agricultural University, Palampur as per the guidelines issued by the Planning Commission. The guidelines entail collection and analysis of data on parameters such as land utilisation, farming systems, cropping pattern, horticulture, input use, farm machinery, yield and input gaps, issues in livestock management, fisheries, livelihoods of local population, different ongoing irrigation and watershed programmes/schemes, potential for new schemes, women drudgery, post harvest operations, market infrastructure, and so on at the village/ panchayat level. The methodological framework to prepare these plans got evolved in a series of consultations with the officials of the line department like agriculture, animal husbandry and horticulture and the scientists working at different KVKs and regional research stations. The details of the methodological framework have been given in the subsequent section.
1.2 Data and Methods
In the literature on methodologies in social sciences, there are five main approaches, namely, sample surveys, rapid appraisal, participant observation, case studies and participatory learning and action to conduct a research inquiry. The reliability and generalization of the findings of any study hinges on the methodology followed to conduct the study. The adoption of a particular approach or amalgam of different approaches, however, is contingent on a variety of factors most notably, the objectives of the proposed research inquiry, the proposed use of the findings, the
4
required level of reliability of results, complexity of the research area/programme and, of course, the availability of resources in terms of both money and time. The merits and demerits of different approaches have been described in Hulme1, 2000, pp. 79-98. The present section is, therefore, devoted to explain methodological framework adopted to prepare district agricultural plan.
1.2.1 Sampling Plan
The state has been divided into 77 developmental blocks. Though all the developmental blocks in the state were taken, sampling approach was adopted to select the panchayats. The sample panchayats were selected in such a way so as the variations in micro climatic niches, farming systems and cropping patterns in a particular block were captured. To meet this requirement, it was decided to select 10 per cent of the total panchayats from each of the blocks with a minimum of four panchayats as the total number of panchayats exceeded 200. There are ten blocks in the district and following this methodology, the number of panchayats selected in district Shimla was 45. The details of the sample panchayats selected from each block have been provided in Table 1.1.
1.2.2 Survey Tools
Guided by the parameters given in guidelines issued by the Planning Commission for the preparation of these plans and discussions held with the officials of Department of Agriculture, different aspects on which data were to be collected had been divided in two parts. First, those on which data were to be collected at block level. Second, those on which data were to be collected at panchayats level. Accordingly, two questionnaires were developed which were discussed with different stakeholders and officials of line departments before finalising. These questionnaires were administered in all blocks and sample panchayats for the agricultural year 2007-2008. The data were collected following participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approach. The officers of the line departments, namely, agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry and panchayat pradhans including two-three progressive farmers participated in the data collection process.
1.2.3 Analytical Tools
The data were analysed following appropriate statistical tools. Since the data were collected from sample panchayats, the estimates arrived at from sample panchayats were required to be blown up for the block as a whole. For blowing up these estimates, the statistical tools like percentages, simple and weighted averages and standard deviations of different parameters were computed. The averages then were multiplied with the total number of panchayats in a particular block to arrive at the estimates for the whole block. In some cases, depending upon the nature of parameters, one standard deviation was added to the average to arrive at estimates at the block level. The problems, suggestions and interventions suggested by
5
Table 1.1 Sampling Plan
Sr. No. Name of block Total panchayats
(No.)
Number of selected
panchayats
Name of panchayat selected for DAP
1 Basantpur 29 4 Ghaini, Nal Dhera, Ogli, Thaila 2 Chirgaon 26 4 Batewani Maila, Masali, Khabul, Khashdhar 3 Chopal 54 6 Bharanu, Kedi, Khadder, Nerwa, Paulia, Thana 4 Jubbal 48 5 Derogarh, Giltashi, Kuddu, Prali, Solang 5 Mashobra 46 5 Anandpur, Cehbag, Dhalli, Galot, Koti 6 Nankhari 17 4 Gahan, Khamdi, Nankhri, Thailli Chapts 7 Narkanda 26 4 Bharari, Buragown, Jardi, Sihal Narkanda 8 Rohroo 32 4 Arha, Karalash, Kutara, Tikkar 9 Rampur 31 4 Jeori, Jakhari, Shingla, Taklaj
10 Theog 50 5 Dharech, Kiar, Sainj, Sandhu, Sarog District 359 45
the grass root level functionaries were coded. Based upon these codes, frequency tables were generated and different problems and interventions were prioritised and five most important problems and interventions were considered for preparing plan estimates. The interventions required to solve different problems and to exploit the available potential in different areas, were divided into three categories namely, research, extension and development. The funds for these interventions were then worked out in consultation with the stakeholders. The financial requirements for other parameters like irrigation, watershed schemes, infrastructure, markets, and so on were prepared in consultation with the district level officials of the line departments like agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and irrigation. The state level plans were prepared on the basis of different district agricultural plans.
1.2.4 Limitations
For the preparation of the district agricultural plans strictly according to the guidelines issued by the Planning Commission, the data on different parameters should have been collected at the village level. This, however, could not be done due to time constraint. Currently, while most of the data are being collected and prepared at tehsil level, the developmental schemes are being implemented at block level whose geographical area seldom coincides with that of tehsils. This led to some problems in generating estimates for the whole block.
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Note 1. Hulme, David (2000). Impact Assessment Methodologies for Microfinance, Theory, Experience and Better Practice. World Development, 20(1): 79-98.
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Chapter-II
DESCRIPION OF THE DISTRICT
2.1 Background 2.1.1 Physical Features
Shimla district is situated in humid temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. The district is located between longitude 770 and 780 East and latitude 300. It is surrounded by Mandi and Kullu districts in the North, Kinnaur in the East and Sirmour district in South and Solan district in the West. The geographical area of the district is 5,131 sq. kms, which is 9.22 per cent of the total area of the state. The elevation of the district varies from 600 mts above msl at Tata Pani to 5,760 mts above msl at Gushu Pishu. The entire district is mountainous with steep hills. The topography of the district is rugged and tough. Shimla district, in its present form, came into existence from 1st September, 1972 on re-organization of the districts of the state. It derives its name from Shimla town, the district headquarters and now the state capital of Himachal Pradesh. Present day Shimla district comprises of 19 erstwhile hill states mainly Balson, Bushher Bhaji and Koti, Darketi, Tharoch & Dhadi, Kumharsain, Khanet & Delath, Dhami, Jubbal, Keothal, Rawingarh, Ratesh and Sangri. The district has many famous tourist spots.
2.1.2 Climate
The climate of the district varies from cold and dry zone to temperate and sub- tropical zone depending on the terrain and height of the area. The hills and the mountain ranges are generally aligned in the east-west direction, which presents a complicated pattern of relief. The predominantly rough terrain, the prevalence of interlocking spurs, narrow and steep side valleys throughout the district reflect the youthfulness of its topography.
From administrative and development point of view, Shimla district is divided into 7 sub- divisions, 11 tehsils, 6 sub- tehsils and 10 developmental blocks. The total number of villages are 2,597 and out of this 2,311 are inhabited and remaining 286 are non-inhabited villages. There are four broad seasons. The climatic conditions vary from the temperate to the alpine with low lying areas experiencing warm season. The crop cultivation varies according to location and altitude of the area. Maximum temperature of Shimla proper varies between 15.4 C0 to 30.6 C0 and minimum temperature varies between (-) 2.5 C0 to 15 C0. Humidity of Shimla town also varies in between 39 to 93 per cent. The average annual rainfall of Shimla town is about 1,039 mm per annum with the highest precipitation being in Jubbal i.e. about 1,084 mm and lowest in Kumarsain at 447 mm. Seventy per cent of total rainfall is precipitated during rainy season and remaining 30 per cent during spring, winter and autumn seasons. The rainfall pattern during different seasons of the year and total rainfall between 1990-91 and 2003-04 has been given in Table 2.1. The table shows wide fluctuations in the pattern of distribution of rainfall during different seasons. During the monsoon period, the amount of rainfall varied from as high as
8
803.7 mm in 1995-96 to as low as 396.8 mm in 1991-92. The amount of rainfall in winter varied from as low as 51.7 mm in 2000-01 to as high as 236.0 mm in 2001-02. The amount of rainfall in all the four seasons varied from as low as 799.4 mm in 1991-92 to as high as 1,254.9 mm in 1995-96.
Table 2.1 Trends in Average Rainfall; 1990-91 to 2003-04 (Millimeters) for Shimla District Year Monsoon Winter Post-monsoon Pre-monsoon Total 1990-91 568.3 174.6 141.0 352.9 1236.5 1991-92 396.8 117.3 83.1 202.2 799.4 1992-93 724.3 228.2 16.4 176.9 1146.2 1993-94 672.1 201.9 24.5 186.3 1024.8 1994-95 717.1 201.9 27.5 186.3 1132.8 1995-96 803.7 231.4 42.9 176.9 1254.9 1996-97 578.4 123.8 33.6 301.5 1037.3 1997-98 589.4 160.0 228.7 265.6 1243.7 1998-99 664.0 102.2 162.9 982 1027.3
1999-2000 551.0 202.7 33.2 150.7 937.6 2000-01 746.4 51.7 3.4 246.9 1048.4 2001-02 447.7 236.0 47.7 204.3 935.7 2002-03 488.5 149.2 16.1 171.7 825.5 2003-04 -- -- -- -- 811.0
Source: Annual season and crop reports, different issues, Directorate of Land Records, Government of H.P, Shimla
2.1.3 Soils
The soils of Shimla district are mainly developed under varying magnitude of podzolization. The B horizon shows eluviations of free resquioxides and clay. The gentle slopes of hills have undergone a good deal of modification due to terraced farming. On the whole, the soils are young and thin deep ploughing is neither possible nor advisable. Generally, the soils on the northern slopes are thicker than those of southern slopes. The soil reaction ranges from slightly acidic to strongly acidic and the texture of the soil ranges from salty loam to clay loam.
The colour varies from dark to brown. The organic content is higher and potash availability is medium. The presence of phosphorous is from low to medium. The soils are classified as Hapludolls and Hapludalf. Generally, soils of the district are medium in organic carbon and nitrogen, low in phosphorous and high in potassium. Deficiency of zinc, boron and sulphur are reported in some pockets of the district.
2.2 Demographic Features
The population of Shimla district as per 1981 census was 5, 10,932 which increased to 6, 17,404 in 1991 recording a decadal growth rate of 20.84 per cent (Table 2.2). The population of the district further increased to 7, 22,502 in 2001 with a decadal growth rate of 16.90 per cent. The district accounted for 11.89 per cent of the total population of the state. The density of population increased from 100 persons per square kilometer in 1981 to 141 persons per square kilometre in 2001. The literacy level of the district has increased from 42.74 per cent in 1981 to 79.68 per
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cent in 2001. The literacy rate of the district was higher than that of the state average for 1991 and 2001. The male literacy was higher than that of the female literacy both for the district as well as for the state as a whole.
Table 2.2 Demographic Features
Particulars Census year
Population (No.) Literacy %
Person Per centstate
Dec.growth (%)
Density/ Sq Km
Sex ratio (F/1000M) Male Female Total
Shimla 1981 510932 11.93 21.70 100 878 54.37 29.48 42.74 1991 617404 11.94 20.84 120 897 75.96 51.75 64.61 2001 722502 11.89 16.90 141 898 87.72 70.68 79.68 H. P. 1981 4280818 100.00 23.71 93 973 53.19 31.46 42.48 1991 5170877 100.00 20.79 93 976 75.36 52.13 63.86 2001 6077248 100.00 17.39 109 970 86.02 68.08 77.13
Source: Census of HP, 1981, 1991 & 2001
The sex wise distribution of population has been brought out in Table 2.3. The table shows that among different tehsils, female population accounted for more than 50 per cent only in Suni while in the remaining tehsils their proportion was less than 50 per cent. At the district level, the proportion of female population was less than 50 per cent (47.27 per cent). The tehsil- wise rural and urban population has been given in Tables 2.4. and 2.5. Majority of the population lives in rural area in all the tehsils except Shimla-(Urban) where the whole population is urban. In different tehsils, the proportion of the rural population varied from 92 to 98 per cent. However, the entire population was rural in Chirgaon, Dodra Kawar tehsils and Nankhari, Tikkar, Nerva, Junga and Chetta sub- tehsils. For the district as a whole, the proportion of rural and urban population was 76.85 per cent and 23.15 per cent, respectively.
Table 2.3 Tehsil-wise Demographic Features of District Shimla, 2001 (No.) Tehsil Persons Male Female Sex ratio (F/1000M)Suni 31425 (100.00) 15023 (47.81) 16402 (52.19) 1092 Shimla (Rural ) 73521 (100.00) 39129 (53.22) 34392 (46.78) 879 Shimla (Urban) 142555 (100) 81186 (56.95) 61369 (43.05) 756 Theog 77954 (100.00) 39948 (51.25) 38006 (48.75) 951 Kumarsain 40577 (100.00) 20713 (51.05) 19864 (48.95) 959 Rampur 72026 (100.00) 38688 (53.71) 33338 (46.29) 862 Rohroo 44887 (100.00) 23469 (52.28) 21418 (47.72) 913 Jubbal 33649 (100.00) 17323 (51.48) 16326 (48.52) 942 Chirgaon 39513 (100.00) 20249 (51.25) 19264 (48.75) 951 Kotkhai 34155 (100.00) 17567 (51.43) 16588 (48.57) 944 Dodra Kawar 5664 (100.00) 2909 (51.36) 2755 (48.64) 947 Chopal 28387 (100.00) 14655 (51.62) 13732 (48.38) 937 Nankhari (ST) 25154 (100.00) 12605 (50.11) 12549 (49.89) 996 Tikkar 12590 (100.00) 6459 (51.30) 6131 (48.70) 949 Nerva (ST) 31192 (100.00) 15963 (51.18) 15229 (48.82) 954 Junga (ST) 12422 (100.00) 6414 (51.63) 6008 (48.37) 937 Chetta (ST) 16831 (100.00) 8696 (51.67) 8135 (48.33) 935 District 722502 (100.00) 380996 (52.73) 341506 (47.27) 896 Note: Figures in parentheses indicate percentages of the total population Source: Census of HP, 2001
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Table 2.4 Tehsil-wise Rural and Urban Population of District Shimla, 2001 (No.)
Tehsil Total Rural Urban Persons Male Female Persons Male Female Persons Male Female
Suni 31425 15023) 16402 29896 14259 15637 1529 764 765 Shimla (Rural)
73521 39129 34392 71101 37475 33626 2420 1654 766
Shimla Urban) 142555 81186 61369 -- -- -- 142555 81186 61369 Theog 77954 39948 38006 74200 37816 36384 3754 2132 1622 Kumarsain 40577 20713 19864 39864 20267 19597 713 446 267 Rampur 72026 38688 33338 66373 35383 30990 5653 3305 2348 Rohru 44887 23469 21418 38280 19598 18682 6607 3871 2736 Jubbal 33649 17323 16326 32303 16531 15772 1346 792 554 Chirgaon 39513 20249 19264 39513 20249 19264 -- -- -- Kotkhai 34155 17567 16588 33006 16905 16101 1149 662 487 Dodra Kawar 5664 2909 2755 5664 2909 2755 -- -- -- Chopal 28387 14655 13732 26880 13776 13104 1507 879 628 Nankhari (ST) 25154 12605 12549 25154 12605 12549 -- -- -- Tikkar 12590 6459 6131 12590 6459 6131 -- -- -- Nerva (ST) 31192 15963 15229 31192 15963 15229 -- -- -- Junga (ST) 12422 6414 6008 12422 6414 6008 -- -- -- Chetta (ST) 16831 8696 8135 16831 8696 8135 -- -- -- District 722502 380996 341506 555269 285305 269964 167233 95691 71542
Source: Census of HP, 2001
Table 2.5 Tehsil-wise Proportion of Rural and Urban Population of District Shimla, 2001
Tehsil Rural Urban Persons Male Female Persons Male Female
Suni 95.13 94.91 95.34 4.87 5.09 4.66 Shimla (Rural ) 96.71 95.77 97.77 3.29 4.23 2.23 Shimla (Urban) -- -- -- 100.00 100.00 100.00 Theog 95.18 94.60 95.73 4.82 5.34 4.27 Kumarsain 98.24 97.85 98.66 1.76 2.15 1.34 Rampur 92.15 91.46 92.96 7.85 8.54 7.04 Rohru 85.28 83.51 87.22 14.72 16.49 12.78 Jubbal 96.00 95.43 96.61 4.00 4.57 3.39 Chirgaon 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Kotkhai 96.64 96.23 97.06 3.36 3.77 2.94 Dodra Kawar 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Chopal 94.69 94.00 95.43 5.31 6.00 4.57 Nankhari (ST) 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Tikkar 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Nerva (ST) 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Junga (ST) 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Chetta (ST) 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- District 76.85 74.88 79.05 23.15 25.12 20.95
Source: Census of HP, 2001
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The distribution of total workers into main and marginal workers in district Shimla and state of Himachal Pradesh has been presented in Table 2.6. As may be seen from table, the workers constituted nearly half of the total population in the district. Out of total workers, three- fourth were main workers. Similar pattern was discernible at the state level also. Further, among the male and female workers, proportion of total male workers was more (57.22 per cent). In case of females, the proportion of workers was around 44 per cent. The pattern of distribution of total workers into main and marginal workers in the district and at the state level was not similar. There was also different pattern in distribution of male and female workers into main and marginal workers. In case of male workers, the proportion of marginal workers was around 10 per cent while in respect of female workers, it was around 28 per cent. The pattern of distribution of total male workers and total female workers into main and marginal workers for the state as a whole was not similar to the pattern at the district level. The proportion of marginal main male workers was around 21 per cent. However, in respect of females, it was more than 51 per cent.
Table 2.6 Proportion of Workers to Total Population, 2001 (No.) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Particulars Person Male FemaleShimlaPopulation 722502 380996 341506 Total workers 370223
(51.24) 219133 (57.52)
151090 (44.24)
Main workers 305709 (42.31)
196700 (51.63)
109009 (31.92)
Marginal workers 64514 (8.93)
22433 (5.89)
42081 (12.32)
Himachal Pradesh Population 6077900 3087940 2989960 Total workers 2992461
(49.23) 1686658
(54.62) 1305803
(43.67) Main workers 1963882
(32.31) 1333361
(43.17) 630521 (21.09)
Marginal workers 1028579 (16.92)
353297 (11.44)
675282 (22.58)
Note: Figures in parentheses are percentages Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations,
Himachal Pradesh, Shimla, 2001
Table 2.7 further provides per cent distribution of total workers into main and marginal workers. The table shows that out of the total workers, more than 80 per cent were main workers. Among male and female workers, the main workers accounted for around 90 per cent in case of the former and around 72 per cent in respect of the latter. For the state as a whole, the per cent share of marginal workers in total workers was higher comparatively than that of their proportion at the district level.
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Table 2.7 Distribution of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001 (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Particulars Persons Male Female ShimlaMain workers 82.57 89.76 72.15 Marginal workers 17.43 10.24 27.85 All 100.00 100.00 100.00 Himachal Pradesh Main workers 65.62 79.05 48.29 Marginal workers 34.38 20.95 51.71 All 100.00 100.00 100
Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla
The distribution of main and marginal workers into different occupational categories has been brought out in Table 2.8. As may be seen from the table, cultivators accounted for around 60 per cent of the total workers among the main workers while among male and female workers, the cultivators accounted for around 47 per cent in case of former and as high as 81 per cent in case of the latter. The per cent share of workers in two other occupational categories viz. agricultural labour and household industry was low to the tune of around 2 per cent in case of agricultural labour and around 1 per cent in case of household industry. The workers in other occupations which included construction, transport and communication and services accounted for 37 per cent of the total main workers. It was, however, important to mention that in case of male workers, half of the main workers were employed in other occupations as against only 16 per cent in case of female workers. Likewise, the distribution of marginal workers into different occupational categories shows that a preponderant majority of such workers in both the male and female category was engaged in cultivation both at district and state level.
The per cent of marginal workers engaged in other occupation viz., construction activities, transport and communication, hotel and restaurant, etc., were comparatively higher in case of male workers than female workers both at the district and state level.
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Table 2.8 Occupational Composition of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001
Particulars Shimla Himachal Pradesh Persons Male Female Persons Male Female
I Main workers 305709
(100.00) 196700
(100.00) 109009
(100.00) 1963882 (110.00)
1333361 (100.00)
630521 (100.00)
i. Cultivators 181359 (59.32)
93048 (47.30)
88311 (81.01)
1089124 (55.46)
578807 (43.40)
510317 (80.93)
ii. Agricultural labour 6977
(2.28) 4-86
(2.33) 2391
(2.19) 36156 (1.84)
26499 (1.99)
9657 (1.53)
iii. Household industry 3540
(1.16) 2642
(1.34) 898
(0.82) 34917 (1.74)
27671 (2.07)
7246 (1.15)
iv. Others 113833 (37.24)
96424 (49.03)
17409 (15.98)
803685 (40.92)
700384 (52.53)
103301 (16.38)
II Marginal workers 64514
(100.00) 22433
(100.00) 42081
(100.00) 1028579 (100.00)
353297 (100.00)
675282 (100.00)
i. Cultivators 56131
(87.00) 17610
(78.50) 38521
(91.54) 865746 (84.16)
255505 972.32)
610241 (90.36)
ii. Agricultural labour 2837
(4.40) 1312
(5.85) 1525
(3.63) 58015 (5.64)
29159 (8.25)
28856 (4.27)
iii. Household industry 852
(1.32) 429
(1.91) 423
(1.00) 17602 (2.03)
6363 (1.80)
11239 (1.66)
iv. Others 4694
(7.28) 3082
(13.74) 1612
(3.83) 87216 (8.48)
62270 (1.76)
24946 (3.69)
Note: Figures in parentheses are percentages Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh,-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations,
Himachal Pradesh, Shimla
2.3 Land Utilization, Cropping Pattern and Crop Production
The changes in the land utilization pattern have been brought in Table 2.9. This table shows that the area under forests in the district remained almost stagnant between 1990-91 (25.19 per cent) and 2004-05 (25.50 per cent). There was marginal decline in the proportion of the area under barren land, while the area put to non-agricultural uses, pastures, cultivable waste, current fallow, other fallow and area under miscellaneous trees/ groves marginally increased by varying degree between 1990-91 and 2004-05. The net sown area decreased significantly from 17.65 per cent to 13.34 per cent between 1990-91 and 2004-05. The pattern of change in land utilization for the state was, however, different. The area under forests, cultivable waste and net sown area declined by varying degree, especially during 1995-96 and 2004-05. The area put to non-agricultural uses, however, recorded a significant increase particularly between 2000-01 and 2004-05.
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Table 2.9 Changing Land Utilization Pattern in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh (Per cent)
Particulars Year Forest land
Barrenland
Non- agricul- -tural uses
Culturablewaste
Pasture Misc. trees/
groves
Currentfallow
Other fallow
Net sown area
Shimla 1990-91 25.19 3.76 2.91 2.34 45.21 0.96 1.66 0.32 17.65 1995-96 26.21 3.81 1.79 2.48 45.83 0.39 2.46 0.34 16.69 2000-01 24.40 2.88 2.74 2.82 49.67 0.51 1.68 1.02 14.28 2004-05 25.50 3.08 3.14 2.91 45.83 2.77 2.71 0.72 13.34 H.P. 1990-91 30.85 5.46 5.74 3.72 33.72 1.43 1.33 0.46 17.31 1995-96 31.10 4.07 5.66 3.64 35.44 1.35 1.55 0.76 16.43 2000-01 24.05 17.75 6.90 2.74 33.63 1.25 1.19 0.30 12.20 2004-05 24.22 14.78 10.08 2.80 33.02 1.51 1.32 0.31 11.94
Source: Statistical Outline of Himachal Pradesh
Table: 2.10 Changes in Cropping Pattern in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh (Per cent)
Districts Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Pulses Foodgrain Cropped area ('000' ha)
Shimla 1990-91 19.17 3.28 27.11 5.41 5.73 69.92 109.99 1995-96 18.65 3.33 24.40 4.89 5.87 64.68 106.68 2000-01 17.03 2.74 16.82 4.46 5.44 53.29 94.03 2002-03 14.59 3.30 17.20 4.78 5.42 51.17 93.48 H.P. 1990-91 32.44 8.63 38.26 2.98 3.69 88.59 983.60 1995-96 32.58 8.74 38.04 2.84 3.80 87.43 949.89 2000-01 31.46 8.65 38.27 2.71 3.28 85.98 947.54 2002-03 30.80 8.80 38.03 2.50 3.19 85.67 945.21
Source: Statistical outline of Himachal Pradesh Note: Percentages have been worked out on the basis of total cropped area in each district.
The changes in the cropping pattern brought out in Table 2.10, show that the area under different food grain crops except rice in the district recorded a decrease over the period. The area under rice, however, remained stagnant over the period. The area under all food grain crops decreased significantly from around 70 per cent to around 51 per cent between 1990-91 and 2002-03. In comparison, at the state level, the area under food grain crops decreased from around 89 per cent in 1990-91 to 86 per cent in 2002-03. In respect of important crops like maize, wheat, barley and pulses, the per cent of the area under these crops witnessed decrease of varying degree.
The changes in the production of different crops including total food grains have been given in Table 2.11. The table reveals that the production of the food grains in the district recorded a huge fall from 126.20 thousand metric tonnes in 1990-91 to 48.73 thousand metric tonnes in 2002-03. Among different food grains crops, leaving the year 2002-03 which was a drought year, the maximum decline was noted in case of wheat followed by maize and barley. Similar pattern was discernible at the state level as well. The production of food grains decreased from 1,433.30 thousand metric tonnes in 1990-91 to 1,120.19 thousand metric tonnes in 2002.-03. Likewise,
15
among different crops, while the production of maize decreased from 654.96 thousand metric tonnes in 1990-91 to 483.33 metric tonnes 2002-03; the production of rice during the same period fell from 106.50 thousand metric tonnes to 85.65 thousand metric tonnes while the production of wheat decreased from 601.72 thousand metric tonnes to 495.56 thousand metric tonnes. More importantly, however, the production of pulses during this period significantly increased from 12.67 thousand metric tonnes to 19.21 thousand metric tonnes. The yield levels of main crops have been shown in the Table 2.12. As may be seen from the table the yield levels of all crops except pulses have recorded decrease of varying degree between 1990-91 and 2002-03 both at the district and state level.
Table 2.11 Changes in Production of Major Crops and Total Foodgrain Production, 1990-91 to 2002-03 (000, Mt) in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh
Particulars Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Pulses Foodgrain Shimla 1990-91 53.68 3.22 48.58 10.42 1.42 126.20 1995-96 39.72 5.10 35.05 5.32 1.13 88.42 2000-01 32.74 2.37 8.13 2.52 1.25 51.04 2002-03 20.50 2.64 17.20 3.76 1.14 48.73 H.P. 1990-91 654.96 106.50 601.72 43.51 12.67 1433.30 1995-96 663.44 111.76 502.01 3.42 18.61 1336.29 2000-01 683.64 124.98 251.32 21.41 20.46 1108.41 2002-03 483.33 85.65 495.56 30.62 19.21 1120.09
Source: Annual Season and Crop Reports, Directorate of Land Records, Shimla
In case of fruit crops, in 2005-06 while the area under different fruit crops was 34,966 hectares, the production was 1,68,682 metric tonnes (Table 2.13). Apple was the most important fruit in the district. At the state level, the area under all fruit crops was 1,91,668 hectares that produced 6,95,520 metric tonnes of fruit. The per cent share of different fruits in area and production (Table 2.14) show that around 83 per cent of area and 97 per cent of the total fruit production was contributed by apple which was the important fruit crop of the district. The other fruits accounted for around 10 per cent of the total area under fruit and 3 per cent of production.
In comparison, at the state level, apple was important crop accounting for around 46 per cent of the total area under fruit and more than three–fourth of total fruit production in the state. Other fruit crops of which mango was important contributed more than one-third of the total area under fruit and nearly 18 per cent of the total fruit production. The area, production and yield of total fruit in the district and the state level from 1990-91 to 2005-06 brought out in Table 2.15 shows that area, production and yield of fruit in the district fluctuated widely between 1990-90 and 2005-06. The area under total fruit increased from 30,476 hectares in 1990-91 to 35,692 hectares in 2005-06. The production of fruit also increased from 2,44,593 to 3,15,200 metric tonnes between 1990-91 and 2005-06. The yield of fruit varied between 5.31 quintals per hectare in 1999-2000 to 88.31 quintals per hectare in 2005-06. Similar pattern with respect to area, production and yield of fruit was seen for the state as a whole. The table shows that the yield of
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fruits varied between 23.66 quintals per hectare to 36.29 quintals per hectare between 1990-91 and 2005-06.
Table: 2.12. Changes in Yield of Major Foodgrain Crops, 1990-91 to 2002-03 (Q/Ha) in Shimla District
Particulars Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Pulses Foodgrains Shimla 1990-91 25.46 8.93 16.29 17.52 2.22 16.41 1995-96 19.97 14.37 13.46 10.20 1.80 12.82 2000-01 20.44 9.19 5.14 6.00 2.43 10.19 2002-03 15.02 8.54 10.69 8.42 2.24 10.19 H.P. 1990-91 18.76 9.87 15.99 14.70 2.31 16.54 1995-96 19.90 13.46 13.89 12.69 5.16 16.09 2000-01 22.94 15.24 7.21 8.33 6.58 14.59 2002-03 16.60 10.33 13.79 12.97 6.37 13.83
Source: Annual season and crop reports, Directorate of Land Records, Shimla
Table 2.13 Area, Production and Yield of Different Fruits, 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Fruit crops Shimla Himachal Pradesh Area(ha) Production (mt) Area(ha) Production (mt)
Apple 29029 163301 88560 540360 Citrus 525 95 20729 29160 Dry Fruits 1829 678 11210 3920 Other Fruits 3583 4608 71169 122080 Total Fruits 34966 168682 191668 695520
Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla
Table 2.14 Per cent Area and Production of Different Fruits, 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Fruit crops Shimla Himachal Pradesh Area Production Area Production
Apple 83.02 96.81 46.20 77.69 Citrus 1.50 0.06 10.82 4.19 Dry Fruit 5.23 0.40 5.85 0.56 Other Fruit 10.25 2.73 37.13 17.55 Total Fruit 100 100.00 100.00 100.00
Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla
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Table 2.15 Area, Production and Yield of Fruits (1990-91 to 2005-06) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Particulars Year Area (Ha) Production (Mt) Yield(Q/ha) Shimla 1990-91 30476 244593 80.26 1995-96 37049 202112 54.55 1999-2000 40750 21657 5.31 2005-06 35692 315200 88.31 H.P. 1990-91 163330 386314 23.66 1995-96 195684 311889 15.94 1999-00 217319 428049 19.70 2005-06 191668 695520 36.29
Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla
The information on area and production of different vegetable crops both in the district and state during the year 2005-06 have been brought out in Table 2.16. As may be seen from the table, at the district level, pea, tomato, cabbage, cauliflower, capsicum, chillies and beans were important vegetable crops both in term of area and production and contributed 1,50,535 metric tonnes of production. The yield level of different vegetable crops varied from 100 quintals per hectare in case of pea to 350 quintals per hectare in respect of cabbage. Likewise, at the state level, pea (green) was the most important crop that covered 15,348 hectares of area followed by tomato with an area of 9,211 hectares. Onion, garlic, cabbage and cauliflower were important crops both in terms of area and production. The yield of different vegetable crops varied from 104.61 quintal per hectare in case of French bean to 327.05 quintals per hectare in respect of tomato.
Table 2.16 Area, Production and Yield of Different Vegetables (2005-2006) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Crops Shimla H.P. Area (Ha)
Production (Mt)
Yield(Q/ha)
Area(Ha)
Production (Mt)
Yield (Q/ha)
Pea (Green) 3700 37000 100.00 15348 177036 115.35 Tomato 690 22080 320.00 9211 301249 327.05 French beans 400 4240 106.00 2674 27973 104.61 Onion & garlic 70 1380 197.14 3735 49622 132.86 Cabbage 1700 59500 350.00 3677 115920 315.26 Cauliflower 420 9240 220.00 2263 53103 234.66 Radish, turnip & carrot 120 2160 180.00 1571 32675 207.99 Bhindi 20 210 105.00 1728 19659 113.77 Cucurbits 135 3340 247.40 2082 43845 210.59 Capsicum & chillies 400 5512 137.80 2081 30876 148.37 Brinjal 20 360 180.000 772 14267 184.81 Other vegetables 370 5513 149.00 3715 63817 171.78 Total 8045 150535 187.12 49858 929706 186.47
Source: Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla
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2.4 Distribution of Land Holdings
The distribution of land holding in terms of proportion of different categories of holdings and proportion of area accounted for by them is presented in Table 2.17.The table shows that consistent with overall pattern noted at the All-India level and other states, the process of marginalisation of holdings was also evident both for the district and state since 1980-81. As per 1980-81 and 2000-01 agricultural census years, the proportion of marginal holding increased from nearly 42 per cent to more than 55 per cent while that of the small holdings, it remained unchanged at about 24 per cent. The proportion of medium and large holdings, however, recorded a continuous decline. The proportion of operated area accounted for by marginal and small holdings was around 43 per cent. Whereas medium and large size holding whose numerical proportion was around 23 per cent, accounted for nearly 57 per cent of the total operated area. More or less similar pattern was in evidence for the state as a whole. While the proportion of marginal holdings increased from around 55 per cent in 1980-81 to more than two-third of the total holdings, that of small holdings decreased by a small proportion from 22.03 per cent to around 19 per cent. The medium and large holdings also recorded a continous decrease.
Table: 2.17 Changing Pattern of Land Holdings, 1980-81 to 1995-96 (Per cent)
Particulars Census year
Marginal <1 ha
Small 1-2ha
Medium 2-4ha
Large >4 ha
Total (ha)
No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area Shimla 1980-81 42.27 9.70 23.76 17.85 21.84 31.31 12.13 41.41 60899 118428 1985-86 53.12 15.65 22.49 21.58 16.81 30.63 7.57 32.14 74498 113356 1990-91 53.87 16.46 23.45 22.74 15.66 29.67 7.02 31.13 85521 120468 1995-96 54.66 18.28 24.02 24.62 15.17 29.64 6.15 27.46 90112 125917 H. P. 1980-81 55.30 14.92 22.03 20.43 15.16 27.08 7.51 37.57 637081 980425
1985-86 61.55 20.46 20.63 22.71 12.24 25.97 5.58 30.86 752882 980240 1990-91 63.82 21.26 19.96 23.29 11.26 25.51 4.96 29.94 833793 1009766 1995-96 62.85 23.05 19.61 24.07 10.74 25.54 6.80 27.34 884492 999099 2000-01 67.29 25.72 19.06 25.00 9.83 24.86 3.82 24.42 913914 978756
Source: Agricultural census of different years
The proliferation of holdings due to sub- division coupled with lack of alternative employment opportunities in non-farm sector has resulted in the continuous decrease in the average size of holdings of all the four categories both at the district and state level. The average holding size of the district decreased from 1.94 hectares in 1980-81 to 1.20 hectares in 2000-01. There has been noticed no significant change in the average size of holdings for different categories of holdings (Table 2.18).
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Table 2.18 Changes in Average Size of Holdings in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1980-81 to 1995-96 (Ha)
Particulars Year Marginal(<1 ha)
Small(1-2 ha )
Medium(2-4 ha )
Large (> 4 ha)
Overall(ha)
Shimla 1980-81 0.45 1.46 2.79 6.59 1.94 1985-86 0.45 1.46 2.77 6.46 1.52 1990-91 0.45 1.42 2.77 6.47 1.46 1995-96 0.47 1.43 2.73 6.23 1.40 2000-01 0.45 1.17 2.72 6.07 1.20 H. P. 1980-81 0.42 1.43 2.75 7.70 1.54 1985-86 0.43 1.43 2.76 7.20 1.30 1990-91 0.40 1.41 2.74 7.31 1.21 1995-96 0.41 1.39 2.69 7.03 1.13 2000-01 0.41 1.40 3.47 15.91 1.07
Note: Medium includes semi-medium holdings also Source: i) Statistical outline of Himachal Pradesh (various issues) ii) State statistical abstract of Himachal Pradesh 2006-07
2.5 Input Use
Table 2.19 exhibits per cent distribution of irrigated area under major crops between 1990-91 and 2000-01. The highest percentage of irrigated area in the district was recorded in paddy crop (42.58 per cent) followed by wheat (7.55 per cent) and maize (4.67 per cent). The per cent irrigated area under paddy in the district decreased significantly from 56.98 per cent to 42.58 per cent during 1990-91 to 2002-03. It decreased marginally under maize and remained almost unchanged under wheat crop. The table further discloses that per cent irrigated area to net sown area in the district also decreased from 5.47 per cent to 3.60 per cent between 1995-96 to 2002-03. In comparison, at the state level, the per cent irrigated area under maize, paddy, and wheat recorded an increase of around 3 per cent over the period. The per cent irrigated area to net sown area increased marginally from 17.00 per cent to 18.80 per cent between 1990-91 and 2002-03.
Table: 2.19 Area under Irrigation of Major Crops (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Particulars Triennium Maize Paddy Wheat Irrigated area to net sown area %
Shimla 1990-91 5.83 56.98 7.37 -- 1995-96 5.39 55.52 6.62 5.47 2000-01 4.70 63.43 7.55 4.17 2002-03 4.67 42.58 7.55 3.60 H P 1990-91 6.78 57.79 17.31 17.00 1995-96 7.77 60.41 18.90 18.79 2000-01 8.28 63.21 18.46 22.63 2002-03 9.43 60.39 20.33 18.80
Source: i) Statistical outline of Himachal Pradesh (various issues) ii) State statistical abstract of Himachal Pradesh 2006-07
The area under high yielding varieties has been brought in Table 2.20.The table shows that the area under high yielding varieties of maize, rice, wheat and barley has increased tremendously
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between 1994-95 and 2002-2003 in the state. The area under maize has increased from 27 per cent to 86 per cent whereas area under rice and wheat under HYV has increased to the tune of 94 and 92 per cent from 12 and 35 per cent, respectively. However, highest area change was foundunder barley crop in which the area change was up to 65 per cent from 0.004 per cent. Similar trend of increase in area was observed at district level for rice (15 per cent from 12 per cent) and barley (54 per cent from 0.04 per cent). However, in case of maize and wheat, there was a reverse trend in district Shimla.
Table 2.20 Area under High Yielding Varieties of Major Crops (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Particulars Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Shimla 1994-95 67 12 54 0.04 2002-03 45 15 48 54 H P 1994-95 27 12 35 0.004 2002-03 86 94 92 65
Source: Annual season and crop reports (Various issues), Directorate of Land Records, Shimla
The fertilizer consumption in the district as well as in the state as a whole has been given in Table 2.21. As may be seen, the consumption of total NPK increased from 1,957 metric tonnes to 9,550 metric tonnes in the period 1980-81 to 2005-06 in the district. Of the total NPK consumption of 9,550 metric tonnes during 2005-06, around 84 per cent was consumed in the rabi season. The NPK consumption in the kharif remained almost stagnant while that in rabi increased from 847 metric tonnes to as high as 7,985 metric tonnes between 1980-81 and 2005-06. Likewise, at the state level, the consumption of total NPK increased from 13,950 metric tonnes to 47,973 metric tonnes between 1980-81 and 2005-06. Out of total NPK consumption of 47,973 metric tonnes in 2005-06, the kharif and rabi consumption accounted for nearly 40 per cent and 60 per cent, respectively. The use of total NPK in the district also increased from 18.05 kg/ ha. during 1980-81 to as high as 102.16 kg/ ha during 2005-06. The use of total NPK in kg / ha in kharif did not increase significantly over the period while that in rabi it increased from 18.72 kg per hectare to 291.61 kg/ ha between 1980-81 to 2005-06. At the state level, the use of total NPK increased from 14.74 kg / hectare to 50.78 kg per hectare between 1980-81 and 2005-06.
Table 2.21 Fertilizer Consumption, 1980-81 to 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Particulars Year NPK (Metric Tonnes) NPK (Kg/ha) Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Overall
Shimla 1980-81 1110 847 1957 17.57 18.72 18.05 1991-92 1147 2294 3441 16.76 66.67 33.446 1998-99 988 3635 4623 14.48 93.55 43.18 2005-06 1565 7985 9550 23.68 291.61 102.16 H. P. 1980-81 8155 5795 13950 15.93 13.33 14.74 1991-92 15599 15006 30605 29.12 34.36 31.47 1998-99 15318 19534 34852 28.88 42.85 35.33 2005-06 19197 28776 47973 37.28 66.69 50.78
Source: Statistical Outline of Himachal Pradesh (Various issues)
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Table 2.22 depicts the extent of mechanization in the district as well in the state between 1992 and 2003. The number of carts , cane crushers, tractors, electric pumps and threshers, etc., increased in the district between 1992 and 2003. However, the number of ploughs in the district decreased by around 13 per cent between 1992 and 2003. This shows that the farming has now become more mechanized in the district. Similar type of pattern was discernible for the state as a whole. Number of ploughs in the state decreased by around 11 per cent in 2003 over 1992. In contrast, number of tractors got doubled in state between 1992 and 2003.
Table: 2.22 Extent of Mechanization (Number) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Tools/Machinery Shimla Himachal Pradesh 1992 2003 1992 2003
Ploughs 69444 60152 710349 631470 Carts -- 531 1128 240 Cane crusher 1 13 1878 1135 Tractors -- 325 3466 6966 Oil engines 29 13 1299 3664 Electric pumps 5 29 1222 7325 Threshers 534 1866 19221 19458
Source: Livestock censuses, 1992 and 2003.
2.6 Livestock and Fisheries
Animal husbandry is a subsidiary occupation and correlated in agriculture and horticultural operations in the district as well as in the state. The detailed livestock population in the district and the state as a whole has been given in Table 2.23. The overall situation in the district regarding livestock composition and the changes occurred between 1977 to 2003 reveal that among livestock population, cattle occupied the most important place followed by sheep and goats. The number of cattle as per 1977 census was 3,87,715 which decreased to 3,07,187 recording around 21 per cent decline over the period. The number of buffaloes and sheep also recorded a declining trend between 1977 to 2003. It is significant to note that the number of sheep reduced by more then 46 per cent over the period. The goats and poultry showed slight increase in their number over the period. However, the total livestock population was reduced by about 16 per cent between 1977 and 2003. The bovine density based on geographical area decreased from 0.79 per hectare to 0.63 per hectare and 5.41 hectare to 4.80 per hectare based on operational holding size. The state level total population showed a slight increase of about 5 per cent between 1977 and 2003. Number of cattle, buffaloes and goats also increased though the increase was of varying degrees. The maximum increase of about 38 per cent was recorded in buffalo’s population. The sheep population recorded a decrease of about 14 per cent between 1977 and 2003, but the poultry showed a growth of about 132 per cent over the period. The bovine density based on geographical area and operational holding increased from 0.86 to 0 .91 and 4.75 to 5.52.
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Table 2.23 Changes in Livestock Population over 1977, 1992 and 2003 Census (No.) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh
Particulars Cattle Buffaloes Sheep Goats Totallivestock Poultry
Bovine Density (No. /ha)
Geog.area
Operationalholding
Shimla 1977 387715 18982 183392 92351 626368 26251 0.79 5.41 1992 329055 23258 126531 95831 597016 45082 0.69 4.57 2003 307187 16292 98376 98223 527571 27714 0,63 4.80
H. P. 1977 2106229 560006 1055005 1035337 4795226 329561 0.86 4.75 1992 2151616 700923 1074345 1115591 5116933 664039 0.92 5.04 2003 2196538 773229 906027 1115587 5046044 763820 0.91 5.52
Source: Livestock censuses 1977 & 1992 and 2003
The changes in the production of livestock products has been given in Table 2.24. The table reveals that the milk production recorded a significant increase of about 15 per cent between 1994-95 and 2006-07 in the district. The production of cow’s milk increased from 63.87 thousand metric tonnes to 81.35 thousand metric tonnes between 1994-95 and 2006-07. However, the buffalo’s milk production decreased from 18.68 thousand metric tonnes to 10.96 thousand metric tonnes over the period. The production of goat’s milk also increased in the district between 1994-95 and 2006-07. The production of wool increased from 147.58 metric tonnes to 151.90 metric tonnes between 1994-95 and 2006-07. Likewise, the total meat production, which was 1072.70 metric tonnes in 1994-95, decreased to 705.76 metric tonnes in 2006-07. The meat production from goats, sheep and pigs declined over the period and the maximum decline was noted in goat’s meat production (34.82 per cent). The pig’s meat production also declined by more than 66 per cent but its shares in total meat production was only 8.50 per cent. The egg production in the district also declined from 47.17 lakhs to 41.22 lakhs between 1994-95 and 2006-07. The similar pattern was discernible at the state level as well. The total milk production, which was 662.91 thousand metric tonnes in 1994-95 increased to 872.40 thousand metric tonnes in 2006-07. The wool production also recorded a marginal increase of 4.54 per cent over the period. The total meat production also recorded a decline of 14.68 per cent between 1994-95 and 2006-07. The egg production in the state increased from 668.69 lakhs in 1994-95 to 771.98 lakhs in 2006-07.
The trends in fishery production in the district as well in the state have been given in Table 2.25. The table shows that there were 259 registered fishermen in 1999-2000 which increased to 274 in 2006-07. The total fish production decreased from 270 metric tonnes to 168 metric tonnes between 1999-2000 and 2006-07. At the state level, the number of registered fishermen increased from 9,698 to 10,536 between 1999-2000 and 2006-2007. Despite this trend, the fish production decreased from 6,995 metric tonnes to 6,886 metric tonnes between 1999-00 and 2006-07
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Table 2.24 Changes in Livestock Production in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1994-95 and 2006-07
Particulars Milk (Mt) Wool(Mt)
Meat (Mt) Eggs (Lakhs) Cow Buffalo Goat Total Goat Sheep Pig Total
Shimla 1994-95 63.87 18.68 1.69 84.24 147.58 797.35 184.13 91.22 1072.70 47.17 2006-07 81.35 10.96 4.75 97.06 151.9 519.72 155.72 30.20 705.76 41.22
Himachal Pradesh 1994-95 303.56 331.35 28.00 662.91 1533.01 2360.0 1100.00 186.00 3646.00 668.69 2006-07 500.01 345.19 27.20 872.40 1602.64 2015.04 966.77 128.78 3110.59 771.98
Source: Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Government of Himachal Pradesh.
Table 2.25 Trends in Fishery Production in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1999-2000 and 2006-07
Particulars Registered fishermen (No.) Production (Mt) Shimla 1999-2000 259 270 2006-07 274 168 Himachal Pradesh 1999-2000 9698 6995 2006-07 10536 6886
Source: Department of fisheries, Government of Himachal Pradesh
2.7 Infrastructural Facilities
The availability of various infrastructural facilities in the district have been given in Table 2.26. The district was having 41 veterinary hospitals spread over all the blocks of the district. There were 668 cooperative societies. The number of schools in the district varied between 383 high / senior secondary schools to 1,620 primary schools. There were 12 general hospitals and 76 primary health centers scattered all over the district. The number of hospital beds per lakh of population were estimated at 0.02. There were 456 fair price shops and 122 commercial banks. The district was having 4,416 kms length of motorable roads and a good number of post and telephone offices.
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Table 2.26 Availability of Infrastructural Facilities in District Shimla 2006-07
Sr. No. Particulars Number1 Veterinary hospitals 41 2 Veterinary dispensary 252 3 Artificial insemination centers 5 4 Central veterinary hospitals 5 5 Cooperative societies 668 6 Primary schools 1620 7 Middle Schools 399 8 High school / senior secondary school 383 9 Colleges 11 10 Industrial training institutes - 11 Hospitals 12 12 Community health centres 7 13 Primary health centres 76 14 Health sub centres 247 15 Hospital bed 2094 16 Hospital bed per lakh of population 0.02 17 Ayurvedic hospitals 2 18 Ayurvedic dispensaries 146 19 Bed in ayurvedic hospitals 90 20 Homeopathic dispensaries -- 21 Fair price shops 456 22 Commercial banks 122 23 Co-operative banks 51 24 Himachal gramin banks 1 25 Motorable roads (km) 4416 26 Post offices 287 27 Telegraph offices - 28 Telephone offices 198
Source: District statistical abstract, Shimla 2007-08
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Chapter-III
SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT
Like other districts, agriculture is the backbone of Shimla district. However, the peculiar agro-climatic conditions endow the district with certain strengths and opportunities not commonly found in other districts of the state. These natural and physical resource endowments have proved a boon for agricultural transformation and it is presently the most advanced district in terms of commercialization of agriculture. As alluded to above, the district has a vast area which constitutes about one-tenth of the total area of the state and there is still huge untapped potential for raising the production of commercial crops. Therefore, the planning strategy should aim at harnessing these untapped resources for the benefit of people by putting in place right kind of infrastructure and institutions. Based on the profile of the district, the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) are described below.
3.1 SWOT Analysis for Improving Agricultural and Allied Sectors 3.1.1 Strengths
The main strengths of the district are as follow:
i. Since the altitude of the district varies from 600 to 5,760 m above the mean sea level with rainfall from less than 80 cm to 125 cm, it is endowed with a myriad of agro-climatic conditions conducive to grow several high-value cash crops including fruit (specially apple), vegetables, spices, medicinal plants and high quality pulses, etc which cannot be grown in many other districts of the state.
ii. The district has well drained fertile soils suitable for the cultivation of high-value cash crops.
iii. Essential infrastructural facilities like roads and various agricultural and horticultural R & D institutions are available
iv. The moderate fertilizer use in the district provides a huge potential to practice organic farming
v. The availability of pasture lands, wide spread reasonable network of veterinary health services, rich biodiversity both in domestic and wild animals are other inherent strengths of the district to develop integrated crop livestock production systems particularly cross-bred cow, sheep and goat based farming
vi. The district has suitable conditions and water for variety of fish farming viz;.trout, silver carp, catla, common carp, rohu, grass carp and mrigal which are found in Tons and Sutlej rivers
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vii. The district has many beautiful and romantic places suitable to be developed for agro-tourism
viii. The district is having a national highway and a good network of state highways which remain open for traffic throughout the year
ix. The geographical location of the district nearer to huge markets in neighbouring states of Punjab, Haryana and Azadpur market, New Delhi and are the important favourable factors in the sustenance of cash crop based economy of the district.
x. There is also a huge potential to grow high quality medicinal and aromatic plants. The district is a natural habitat of various herbs that can be cultivated on large scale even in sprawling pastures and forest lands
xi. There is one full-fledged Horticultural Regional Research Station (RHRS) at Mashobra and one Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) at Kufri in the district focusing on location specific research needs.
xii. The farmers are innovative and are willing to experiment and adopt new crop technologies especially in apple and other fruit crops. They are willing to take risks provided right kinds of infrastructural and institutional support are provided to them. High literacy rates both among male and females speak of high quality human resource in this district
xiii. The soils of the district are high in potash and respond well to nitrogen application. Further, the day length promotes high rate of photosynthesis and leads to good yields of crops especially, potato, pea and various fruit crops.
3.1.2 Weaknesses
i. Rainfall is moderate to heavy. Most parts of the district remain buried under snow for one to two months.
ii. Due to mountainous topography of the district, it is difficult and costly to provide basic infrastructural facilities like rural roads.
iii. The space of arable land is small and the cultivation is commonly on narrow strips due to which complete mechanization is not possible
iv. Slightly fragile, these areas are exposed to land slides and acute problems of soil erosion. Some man-made factors like unbridled exploitation of forest wealth, excessive grazing, unplanned developmental activities, unscientific cultivation practices, etc have exacerbated the problem of soil erosion in the district
v. The unscientific switch over to the cultivation of high-value cash crops is fast eroding the rich agro-biodiversity within the district.
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vi. Weak extension and back-up support system as a result of which farmers are handicapped in adopting improved technologies
vii. The steep slopes and difficult geographical terrain of the area pose major handicaps for the industrialization of the district.
viii. There is lack of highly nutritive and high regenerating varieties of fodder grass.
3.1.3 Opportunities
i. There is a huge and ever growing demand for fruit and off-season vegetables which are being grown in the district, thanks to changes in the dietary habits of the people and rising per capita income. Also tremendous opportunities have been generated with changing global exporting scenario of non-conventional high-value cash crops like off-season vegetables, vegetable seed production, fruit, medicinal and aromatic plants, etc.
ii. There is a huge potential of snow/ rain water conservation/ harvesting on a watershed management basis, which in the ultimate analysis, will increase the productivity of different crops tremendously and may enhance the cultivable area.
iii. There is a wide scope for the adoption of seed village programme in some area of the district through incentives particularly for the rajmash and other cash crops
iv. There is also a good scope of starting agro-processing units (fruit processing and canning units) for value addition in various horticultural products like apple, apricot, pear, plum, almond and barley cereal crop and also in animal products, especially sheep wool for finished woollen products
v. Considering the increasing quality and number of livestock as well as the area for pastures, the district has good opportunity for developing dairy enterprise on commercial basis.
vi. The district has great opportunity for practising herbal cultivation.
vii. Several areas which were not suitable to grow certain crops like apple a few years back are emerging as the potential areas to grow these and many other high-value cash crops thanks to rising temperatures as a result of climate change.
viii. The district provides excellent opportunities for the development of agro-eco-tourism. Shimla is one of the most attractive destinations for foreign tourists and every year thousands of tourists visit this district.
3.1.4 Threats
i. The huge animal population with low productivity directly competes for the limited land resources and also contributes to land degradation due to grazing in an unsustainable manner.
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ii. The agrarian economy of the district thrives on the cultivation of high-value cash crops, of which apple, vegetables and potato are the most important cash crops. The rapidly spreading apple scab and canker and potato blight pose a major threat not only to the sustainability of these crops but for the agricultural economy of the whole district.
iii. The stagnation in the yields of potato and apple are other threats affecting the economy of this district.
iv. Excessive and unbalanced use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides, particularly in high value cash crops like off-season vegetables and fruit has taken a heavy toll of rich bio-diversity.
v. Frequent breakdown of new diseases and higher incidence of insect attack on various cash crops and collar rot in apples pose danger to the yield stability of new improved varieties.
vi. The dearth of high yielding varieties is yet another impending threat that looms large on the agricultural economy of the district.
vii. The rapidly developing technology to produce off-season vegetables in a controlled environment (poly house) is also a threat to the crops grown in these areas.
viii. The ongoing process of globalisation also poses threat to the cultivation of high value cash crops in the district. For example, cultivation of garlic which used to be a highly profitable crop in the district suffered a severe blow as a result of cheaper imports from China in the aftermath of implementation of WTO accord.
ix. The ongoing process of commercialization of apple crop poses a threat of genetic erosion of traditional crop biodiversity like minor millets and wild fruit crops
x. Limited time period to supply critical inputs in some areas due to heavy snow fall at higher reaches of the district.
3.2 Issues Emerging Out of SWOT Analysis
The important issues that emerge from the detailed SWOT analysis of the district are given below.
� There is a need to strengthen extension facilities to support the farmers in their efforts to switch over to the cultivation of numerous high value cash crops that can be grown in the district.
� Development of disease free varieties of crops having high yield and suitability for mixed cropping
� Development of improved varieties of fodders for example tall fescue grass and legumes viz., clovers and cultivated oats as annual fodder crop.
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� Development of wheat varieties having higher levels of rust resistance, amber grains, high regeneration ability and suitable maturity
� Control of rapidly spreading disease complex in apple and vegetable crops
� Development of high yielding varieties of potato, pea and other high-value cash crops that are being grown in the district
� Strengthening the extension facilities to educate the farmers about the technical know-how in poly house and other technologies
� The augmentation of irrigation facilities by exploiting perennial sources of water to expand the cultivated area
� Improvement of connectivity by providing all weather roads and other infrastructural facilities like markets and collection centres
3.3 Sectoral Growth Drivers
The availability of suitable agro-climatic conditions to grow high-value cash crops, especially in a season when these are not grown in other states, rising demand for these crops and huge market for these crops in the neighbouring states including Azadpur market, New Delhi are some of the important growth drivers of the agrarian economy of the district. Besides these factors, the availability of infrastructural facilities like rural roads is yet another important growth driver.
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Chapter IV
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT
The development of agricultural sector of any region is circumscribed by a host of factors including physical, institutional and human resource. An in-depth enquiry into all these aspects is of paramount importance to plan strategies for development of agriculture. In this section, pertinent aspects that need thorough understanding for developing agricultural plans are described.
4.1 Land Use Pattern and Soil Health
The land use pattern clearly reveals the limited availability of arable land in Shimla district due to mountainous terrains (Table 4.1). Out of the total geographical area of 5, 09,995 hectares, the cultivated area is only 83,690 hectares (only 16.41 per cent). The major proportion of the area falls under permanent pastures and other grazing land (about 39 per cent), forests (24 per cent) and miscellaneous trees and groves (2.30 per cent). However, there are 17,887 hectares of culturable and 40,828 ha of fallow land that can be developed and brought under cultivation which would increase the existing cultivated area by about 11.52 per cent. This may require substantial investment on reclamation, fencing/ bunding and development of irrigation (Tables 4.3 and 4.4). The vast barren/pasture lands require conservation and can be developed into rich luxuriant of temperate grasses and high-value medicinal herbs. It needs to be mentioned here that the district harbours vast summer green pastures sustaining large number of livestock population.
The pertinent problems and interventions under different classes of land use have been shown in Table 4.2. The sloppy topography, barren lands, weeds, lack of tree cover and top soil erosion are the major impediments preventing productive use of vast geographical area in the district. The lack of irrigation in some parts of the district makes it almost impossible to have any type of vegetation except thorny unwanted bushes and weeds. Therefore, land development must form the major intervention in agricultural planning.
The texture of the soil ranges from silty loam to clay loam, the colour varies from dark to brown. The organic content is higher, nitrogen availability is from medium to high and potash availability is medium. The presence of phosphorous is from low to medium. The soil reaction ranges from moderately acidic to neutral.
4.2 Water Resources and Management
As mentioned in Chapter II, Shimla district has hills and the mountain ranges generally aligned in the East-West direction which presents complicated pattern of relief. The predominantly rough terrains, the prevalence of interlocking spurs, narrow and steep slides and valleys throughout the district reflect the youthfulness of its topography. Most of the precipitation is in the form of
32
heavy snow in winter months. The monsoon rains, like other parts of the state are normal. The district is bestowed with a wide network of rivers, rivulets and streams emanating from large mass of perennial glaciers lying on high land sources. There are three rivers flowing through Shimla district i.e. Sutlej, Giri and Pabbar. River Pabbar is the principal feeder of river Tons. It flows through South of Shimla district and joins the river Tons. River Sutlej enters Kinnaur from Tibet territory through a pass between two peaks, flowing in South-East directions receiving the drainage from the Central Himalayan from one side and Spiti hills on the other side. In Shimla district, river Sutlej passes through Rampur and Suni tehsils and crosses over to Bilaspur district. Both these rivers have carved out extensive valleys bestowed with sizeable agricultural potential. The valley areas of Sutlej includes Rampur, Kumarsain and Suni and that of Pabbar includes Rohru, Chirgaon and parts of Jubbal tehsils while Shimla and Kotkhai tehsils fall in the valley area of river Giri.
The springs are widely distributed emanating from snow deposits and form major source of surface irrigation through gravity Kuhls. Springs are both perennial and ephemeral getting recharged mainly from melting of snow on higher reaches. The discharge of the springs increases enormously during summer. In this way, irrigation and domestic water supply are mainly depending upon these springs. However, no in-depth study on the geological and geo-morphological aspects has been conducted so far in this area. Based on the geo-morphology and ground details, ground water sources do exist but have not been exploited for irrigation so far. The ground water is distributed in the alluvial terrains as depicted through the ground water map of the district. The depth of soft and hard rock aquifers have been ascertained at 10-20 metres for dug or manual wells. The ground water recharge can be increased with the construction of check dam
34
GROUND WATER USER MAP, DISTRICT SIMLA - LEGEND
Wells feasible
Rigssuitable
Depth of Well (m)
Discharge(lpm)
Suitable artificial Recharge structures
Soft rock aquifers
Tube well
Dug well
DTH with Odex
Manual
100-150
10-20
1200-2500
300-500 Check dam, Check dam cum ground water dam, Recharge shaft
Hard rock aquifers
Dug well
Springdevelopment
Manual 10-20 300-500
30-2000
Thrust Fault/Lineament
Major drainage
Hot water spring (50-0C)• Spring
Tehsil boundary
District boundary
State boundary
Other Information
Total area 5131 sq.km No. of Tehsils/Sub tehsils 17 Major drainage Satluj, Yamuna Population 721745 (2001 Census) Rainfall 1252 mm Temperature -6° C to 37° C Regional geology Alluvium, Metamorphics Ground Water quality Good, EC <750 mhos/cm at 250CUtilizable ground water resources Not estimated (Localised aquifers) Stage of ground water development Not estimated (Localised aquifers) Water shed/tehsil showing intensive ground water development
Nil
Source: Central Ground Water Board, Dharamshala
35
4.3 Cropping System and Cropping Pattern
Cropping system refers to the sequence of crops grown to maintain the fertility status of the soil and to grow crops which yield the highest net returns per unit area of the land, taking into consideration the convenience of the farmer and soil conservation requirements. Keeping these things into consideration by the farmers of Shimla district, they followed the following cropping system as given in Table 4.5. In Shimla district, there are two cropping seasons (Rabi & Kharif). Under the rainfed conditions, maximum area, out of 9,416.91 ha was under vegetable based cropping system (2,999.58 ha.) followed by maize-wheat cropping system (1516.88 ha.) Pulses based cropping system attained the third position with 1,179.5 ha. area followed by maize + pulses – wheat cropping system. However, within the blocks, Theog block had the highest vegetable based cropping system (1,800 ha.). In Basantpur block, maize-wheat cropping system was the most prominent (230 ha.) whereas, in Chirgaon block, maize-pea cropping system had the highest area (224 ha.). In Chopal, Jubbal and Narkanda block, vegetable based cropping system was prevalent whereas in Mashobra, maize-wheat cropping system had the maximum area (438.5 ha.). However, in Rohroo block, the potato-pea cropping system was the most prevalent with an area of 450 ha. whereas in Rampur block, pulses based cropping system was in practice (366 ha.)
The cropping system under irrigated conditions in Shimla district reveals that in Basantpur block, 67 ha area had the vegetable cultivation based cropping system which was highest in the block. In Chirgaon block, maize-pea (152 ha) followed by paddy-wheat (144 ha) cropping systems were prevalent. In Rampur block, sugarcane based cropping system had the maximum area (124 ha) followed by maize-wheat (100 ha). However, in Chopal, Jubbal and Mashobra, vegetable based cropping system was in existence.
In order to examine the place and importance of particular crop in the different blocks of the district Shimla, the cropping pattern of the study area has been analysed and presented in Table 4.6. The cropping pattern reveals that in Shimla district, out of total cropped area, total food grains had 60.20 per cent of the share, pulses shared 6.91 per cent and total food crops had a share of 75.60 per cent. However, spices and condiments had a negligible share of 0.54 per cent only. Vegetable crops had a share of 22.40 per cent whereas fodder crops had a share of 0.04 per cent in the total cropped area. Other crops like flowers, medicinal plants, tobacco, turmeric and coriander, etc. had a share of 0.34 per cent.
When cropping patterns was compared at block level, it was observed that the per cent share of total food grains in case of Basantpur block was the highest (81.34 per cent) followed by Chopal (75.87 per cent). In case of pulses, highest per cent share in total cropped area among different blocks was 28.61 per cent in Nankhari followed by Rampur (18.09 per cent). While considering the share of vegetables in total cropped area, Theog block had the highest per cent share (46.33 per cent) followed by Jubbal (22.54 per cent) and Mashobra (20.52 per cent), respectively.
36
Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that vegetable based farming system was the main cropping system in rainfed and irrigated conditions of the district and it occupied about 32 and 21 per cent area, respectively followed by maize-wheat cropping system in both the conditions. However, very meager area was under pulses, oilseeds, spices and condiments and fodder crops in cropping system and cropping pattern of the district. Thereby, it indicates that there is a need to develop varieties having high yield, disease resistance and early maturity and it is imperative to identify varieties for intercropping which are suitable for growing in orchards.
4.4 Input Use and Gaps
The agriculture development of the area depends on rational use of the basic inputs like seeds and fertilizers. The use of these inputs is also linked with their timely and adequate supply. It is with this background that the gap of actual use and requirement of seeds, fertilizers and other chemicals have been estimated for Shimla district at block level. It is evident from the Table 4.7 that in most of the crops, there was overuse of seed except in potato, ginger, garlic and colocasia at the district level. At the block level, in Basantpur, highest gap was in wheat followed by pea and French bean whereas in Chirgaon, highest gap was in case of barley followed by wheat and French bean. In Chopal, similar trend was observed with the only difference that the third position was taken up by pea. However, in Jubbal, highest gap was in case of wheat followed by maize and pea. In Mashobra, the highest gap was in pea followed by wheat and maize. In Nankhari, highest gap in seed use was in case of barley and paddy followed by maize and pea whereas, in Narkanda, bean had the highest gap followed by maize and wheat. In Rohroo, barley showed the highest gap followed by paddy and wheat. In Rampur, wheat had the highest gap followed by pea and ladyfinger, whereas in Theog, highest gap was in case of wheat followed by barley and rajmash. The use of higher seed rate could mainly be attributed to the use of crop plants for fodder use in later stages, risk averting nature of the farmers about low germination because of poor seed quality and drought conditions and lack of technical know-how.
Table 4.8 deals with the quantity of fertilizers used, required and gap in Shimla district. It was observed that the highest gap at district level was in FYM (1,74,191.00 metric tonnes) followed by vermicompost (11,831.9 metric tonnes). However, while considering the block level situation, it was observed that out of ten blocks, six blocks had FYM at the top most position in gap i.e. Basantpur (11,883.00 metric tonnes ), Mashobra (1,006 metric tonnes), Nankhari (1,750 metric tonnes), Rohroo (14,330 metric tonnes), Rampur (65,797 metric tonnes), and Theog (36,744 metric tonnes). In other Blocks, vermicompost attained the highest gap position i.e. in Chirgaon, it was 3,827 metric tonnes followed by Chopal (3,013 metric tonnes), Jubbal (835 metric tonnes) and Narkanda (150.7 metric tonnes). The high gap in FYM and vermicompost suggests that there is a need to enhance the green manure and Vermicompost utilization
Table 4.9 indicates the major insects, pests and diseases limiting the crop production in Shimla district. It was observed that bacterial wilt and various rots were the major diseases among
37
vegetable crops whereas, blights, smuts and bunts were the main diseases in cereals. Therefore, it is recommended that proper crop rotation and seed treatment before sowing should be practised
Cutworms, white grubs and borers were the major insects/ pests in vegetables and cereals for which various IPM strategies should be used. However, in case of ginger, rhizome rot was the most common problem for which the farmers should be trained in proper rhizome management practices
Presence of weeds or the unwanted plants is the most common problem being faced by the agricultural farmers. Table 4.10 depicts the priority-wise weed problem in Shimla district showing various weeds, both annuals and perennials, in various categories of crops viz., cereals, pulses, vegetables and pasture lands. For their control proper, training should be given to the farmers regarding the judicious use of weedicides.
Table 4.11 deals with the chemical use, required and gap in Shimla district and it was revealed that Nuvan had the highest gap (59.18 metric tonnes) at district level followed by Darmet (54.71 meric tonnes). Nuvan ranked highest for gap in Rampur (34.1 metric tonnes) and Narkanda (4.04 metric tonnes) whereas in case of Basantpur, DM 45 (4.81 metric tonnes) had the highest gap. In Chirgaon, Chopal, Jubbal and Mashobra, gap in Dodine use was of 3.52 metric tonnes, 3.84 metric tonnes, 3.2 metric tonnes and 3.58 metric tonnes respectively which was highest among all blocks except in Nankhari where this position was taken up by Darmet (4.75 metric tonnes) indicating the need for strengthening the supply mechanism along with imparting of technical know-how among farmers regarding chemical use.
4.5 Yield Gap Analysis
Yield gap analysis provides us with important information regarding potential which could be achieved through proper management and cultivation practices giving an idea of where we are and what can be attained. Table 4.12 reveals the yield gap between the average yields and the yields obtained by the progressive farmers in important crops. It was observed that at the district level among cereals, maize had the highest gap of 8.5 q/ha whereas, in rajmash i.e. pulses the gap was highest at 4.5 q/ha. Among oilseeds, the gap was to the tune of 2.2 q/ha. In vegetable crops, tomato had the highest gap of 83.44 q/ha followed by cabbage (83.37 q/ha.).
The table also revealed that, at block level, in Basantpur, under cereals, maize showed a gap of 12 q/ha whereas in rajmash the gap was 5 q/ha, in mustard it was 2 q/ha and in tomato the gap was to the tune of 83 q/ ha. In Chirgaon, the gap in maize was 10 q/ha, and in rajmash and mustard it was 3 q/ha. However, in case of cabbage, the gap was to the tune of 96 q/ha in Chirgaon followed by tomato (87 q/ha). In Chopal and Jubbal, the trend regarding cereals (wheat 7 q/ha in Chopal and 6 q/ha in Jubbal), rajmash (3 q/ha and 4 q/ha, respectively), mustard (4 q/ha and 3 q/ha) was similar but in case of vegetables, in Chopal, garlic had the highest gap (65 q/ha) whereas in Jubbal, cabbage had the highest gap of 113 q/ha.
38
In Mashobra, highest gap of 10 q/ ha among cereals was in maize. In pulses, both rajmash and mash had a gap of 3 q/ha. In oilseeds, in case of Mashobra, the gap was of 1 q/ha in mustard. In case of vegetables in Mashobra, highest gap of 155 q/ha was observed in tomato. In Nankhari among cereals, highest gap was in barley (8 q/ha) whereas in pulses, rajmash had the highest gap (5 q/ha). In case of mustard, the gap was of 1 q/ha whereas in vegetables, highest gap was in pea (29 q/ha). Similar trend was observed in Rohroo block, only difference being in case of vegetables, where potato had the highest gap (27 q/ha). In Narkanda, maize (8 q/ha), rajmash (8 q/ha), mustard (2 q/ ha) and cabbage (125 q/ha) showed the highest gap among different groups of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetable, respectively. In Rampur, similar trend was observed with a difference only in vegetable group where the highest gap was in onion (93 q/ha). However, in Theog block, tomato had the highest gap in vegetable crops (100 q/ha). From the above discussion, it was observed that the gap range varied from 5.72 to 8.50 q/ha in cereals, 2.80 to 4.50 q/ha in pulses and 23.70 to 83.44 q/ha in vegetable crops. This clearly reveals that there was a huge potential to increase the productivity of all the crops in the district
4.6 Reasons for Gap in Yield
The main reasons for yield gaps in different crops were lack of high yielding varieties, lack of irrigation, wild animal menace, non-availability of critical inputs at right time, low and imbalanced use of fertilizers, shortage of FYM because of less number of farm animals, infestation of diseases and pests, lack of technical know-how about improved practices and storage facilities. The animal menace, particularly the monkey menace, is causing colossal damage to crops especially maize and vegetable crops (Table 4.20). To solve the above mentioned problems, strengthening of input supply mechanism and irrigation system, fencing of cultivated area and sterilization of monkeys, demonstration and training programmes at farmer fields, etc., should be conducted so that the yield level of progressive farmers could be achieved by average farmers of the district (Table 4.21)
4.7 Farm Mechanization
Farm mechanization involves the use of farm machinery for various farm operations. Use of machinery not only increases the labour efficiency but also brings uniformity in the quality of the farm produce. Table 4.13 reveals the farm machinery use and gap in Shimla district. At district level, highest gap in farm machinery use was in the use of chaff-cutter (23,318) followed by maize sheller (9,753). However, at district level, tractor use had the minimal gap (717). Data on farm machinery use and gap at district level revealed that in Basantpur and Chopal, chaff-cutter had the highest gap in usage (4,408 and 5,467, respectively) whereas, in all other blocks except Chirgaon where iron plough use had the highest gap (2,145), spray pump/ power sprayer had the highest gap in usage. These gaps were due to certain problems and constraints. Table 4.14 depicts the problems and the interventions for farm machinery and it was observed that on an overall basis 64.50 per cent of the panchayats reported the problem of non-availability of maize
39
sheller in local market for which the possible intervention could be of strengthening of the input supply mechanism of the State Department of Agriculture. The second problem which got the response of 61 per cent of panchayats was that of less efficient tractor depicting the need of developing specifically designed tractors for hills. The third problem was that of high cost of the threshers for which subsidy could be the possible intervention. Another problem was of repair and maintenance (52 per cent of panchayats) for which a network of agricultural workshops should be developed. Similarly, 51 per cent of panchayats reported the non-suitability of threshers to hilly conditions and problem of finance for which improved design and credit facility/ subsidy should be provided. It can, thus, be deciphered from these two tables that there is an urgency to cater to the needs of the farmers regarding the farm mechanization in order to achieve higher labour use efficiency.
4.8 Ongoing Schemes for Agriculture Development
There are different on going schemes in the district launched by the state government for the development of agriculture. Number of these schemes, beneficiary villages/ families along with total budget outlay have been displayed in Tables 4.15 to 4.19 These schemes include water harvesting, soil/ land conservation measures, other existing schemes (Table 4.15) and various irrigation schemes (Tables 4.16 to 4.18). Under the existing block level schemes of water harvesting, 4,194 beneficiaries under 1,813 schemes have been covered in Shimla district with a total expenditure of Rs 140.30 lakh. An amount of 87.25 lakh was spent on soil/ land conservation through existing block level schemes which has benefited 171 villages and 2,195 beneficiaries. The other existing block level agricultural schemes covered 53 villages with an expenditure of Rs 126.44 lakh benefiting 32,262 beneficiaries. The status of various irrigation schemes in Shimla district have been depicted in Table 4.16 to Table 4.18 and it was observed that in Shimla district there were 427 completed irrigation schemes (Table 4.16) which covered 655 villages benefiting 18,857 beneficiaries. The gravity water channels or the khuls covered maximum number of beneficiaries (16,779 beneficiaries). It was also observed that 79 irrigation schemes were non-functional (Table 4.17) affecting 31 villages. The status of irrigation (ongoing and potential) has been given in Table 4.18. There were 86 ongoing schemes covering 99 villages whereas there was a potential of 3,297 schemes which can benefit 1,483 villages. Table 4.19 displays the fund requirements for the repair and maintenance of irrigation schemes. It was observed that there were 169 functional schemes requiring Rs 155.20 lakh as an annual fund and Rs 1,426.25 lakh for complete overhauling.
4.9 Varietal and Technological Problems and Interventions
The research and extension gaps emerged from the extensive survey have been shown in Tables 4.20 and 4.21. It was observed that the major problem among cereal crops (Table 4.20) was that of wild animal menace (66 per cent) followed by irrigation (43.33 per cent) while in case of pulses, imbalanced use of phosphorus fertilizers (41 per cent) was the major problem followed
40
by lack of improved variety and quality seeds. Among oilseeds, farmers were still practising the traditional varieties and employing traditional practices was the main problem whereas, in case of vegetables, 60 per cent of the panchayats reported that the farmers were practising monoculture with tomato cultivation followed by insect-pest attack (52 per cent) and non-availability of improved variety of vegetable seeds (50 per cent). The possible interventions suggested for the problems have been placed in Table 4.21. It was suggested that for the animal menace, fencing of the cultivated land, sterilization programme for monkeys and opening up of places like monkey vihar, etc., were a must. Also, improving of the irrigation facilities, strengthening of the existing irrigation system and installation and improvement of irrigation schemes were vital. It was also suggested that farmers must be provided with fertilizers and made aware of about their timely use. Timely supply of the HYVs and quality seeds was also imperative. In case of vegetables, it was observed that farmers should be advised to take up diversification with other cash crops (60 per cent of panchayats) along with encouragement for the construction of water harvesting tanks and protected cultivation. Also, it was observed that awareness regarding mechanical, chemical and biological controls for pest management was the need of the hour.
4.10 Extension Gaps
The extension gap shows the lacuna in dissemination of technology from research and development institutes to the various categories of technology adopters. Two types of technology adopters (progressive farmers and average farmers) have been taken into consideration. In yield gap I, the difference in yields at experimental station and that of average farmers (i.e. low adopters) in yield gap II, the difference in yields of progressive farmers (high adopters) and that of average farmers (i.e. low adopters) have been estimated. Table 4.22 deals with the estimated yields and yield gaps in various crops of Shimla district (q/ha.). It was revealed from the district level figures that there was potential difference in the yield figures of experimental station and actual/ average yield (yield gap I) and that of progressive farmers and actual/ average yield (yield gap II). In maize, yield gap I was 20.7 q/ha and yield gap II was 8.5 q/ha. In paddy, yield gap I, was 19.33 q/ha whereas, yield gap II, was 5.7 q/ha. Similar trend was observed in wheat and barley. In case of pulses, rajmash showed a gap of 10.5 q/ha and 4.20 q/ha in yield gap I and II, respectively. All the crops among vegetable group showed gaps, both yield gap I and yield gap II; tomato having the highest among all (240 q/ha of yield gap I and 83.40 q/ha of yield gap II) followed by brinjal and cabbage. However, in case of colocasia reverse trend was observed in which the yield at experimental station was lower than both categories of the farmers. Thus, from the above discussion, it was concluded that neither the average farmers reached the level nor the progressive farmers have reached the yield levels of the experimental farms under the experimental stations indicating thereby, the huge potential of increasing the productivity of the average farmers in the district through proper and effective dissemination of technical know-how among the farmers.
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4.11 Extension Interventions
� Training/ encouragement to the private growers for the production of foundation/ certified seeds
� Strengthening of farmers training facilities and transfer of technologies
� Transfer of technologies through extension interventions like trainings, demonstrations, exposure visits, replication of success stories, etc. Creation of farmers’ advisory system to address their day - to - day queries
� Validation of ITKS and use of IT for technology dissemination by creating IT hubs at focal points
� Promotion and strengthening of the public- private partnership for ensuring delivery of need based inputs and technologies
� Provision of quality inputs like improved seeds, fertilizers, plant protection material by improving and strengthening delivery system to ensure timely availability of these inputs.
� Promotion of integrated nutrient management through vermi-composting, popularization of bio-fertilizers, and other ameliorants in addition to use of judicious and balanced nutrients to crops. Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)
� Promotion of micro-irrigation for efficient management and delivery of required quantities of water as per crop needs.
� Promotion of mechanization conducive to hill farming and development of equipment and implements to reduce labour and drudgery of the women folk.
� Organizing frequent training camps for farmers, particularly for the cultivation of high value cash crop like vegetables, spices, etc.
4.12 Researchable Issues
The research and development issues that emerged from close perusal of agricultural scenario and potential in the district are given below.
Natural Resource Management
� Assessment and harnessing of water potential to provide assured irrigation to rain-fed areas
� Evaluation of resource conservation technologies (like conservation tillage, deficit water management, pressurized irrigation systems, nutrient-water interaction studies, recycling of waste organic residues, etc. for irrigated and rain fed areas
42
� Studies to increase water productivity of stored water through crop diversification and soil and water management practices
� Base-line survey of river catchments and assessment of ground water potential
� Characterization, classification and preparation of fertility maps of soils
� Assessment of economics of commercial crops and impact on natural resources (soil and water) and livelihoods of people
� Studies on climate change and its impacts on agro-geology and to devise suitable strategies to emerging problems from climatic change
Crop Improvement
� Development of high yielding varieties of various crops having wider adaptability and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses through exploitation of land races, agronomic basis and alien species using conventional as well as non-conventional breeding approaches
� Development of drought and disease resistant cereal varieties using certain innovative biotechnological approaches
� Acceleration of wheat improvement endeavours for the development of large number of targeted varieties for specific regions following chromosome elimination-mediated double haploidy breeding and molecular cyto-genetic approaches
� Development of wheat varieties specifically for low input and organic farming systems following organic plant breeding approaches
� Development of quality bread wheat for nutritional security in the district
� Development of wheat varieties having higher levels of rust resistance, amber grains, high regenerability and suitable maturity through introgression of important genes from the spring wheat following conventional and double haploidy breeding approaches
� Breeding for superior hulled and hulless varieties in barley for different location of the district having resistance to yellow rust and barley blight
� Breeding for value added products like malting, brewing and other products
� Development of composites/ hybrids in maize to assure nutritional security and to promote industrial use of maize with specific desirable quality traits
� Development and evaluation of high yielding single cross hybrids and composites in maize
� Development of hybrid oriented source population
43
� In pulses such as mash and moong varieties having high yield, disease resistance and early maturity should be developed and varieties suitable for intercropping in orchard and with maize should be identified
� In case of rajmash, development of disease free varieties having high yield and suitability for intercropping should be developed
� In oilseeds, development of varieties with high seed and oil yield, earliness as well as suitability for sole and mixed cropping with wheat should be developed
� Development of high yielding fodder varieties having high nutritive value and regeneration capacity e.g. setaria and napier bajara hybrids and oats among annuals
� Development of improved varieties e.g. of tall fescu grass and legumes viz., clovers and cultivated oats as annual fodder crop
� Strengthening of the ongoing seed production programmes both by the University and State Agriculture Department
� Effective selection, conservation, evaluation, documentation and utilization of genetic resources ensuring wider coverage under improved crop varieties with major emphasis on quality seed production.
� Refinement and validation of technologies for major crops
� Integrated nutrient management
� Development of technologies for improving the water and fertilizer use efficiency in different crops
� Integrated nutrient management technology demonstration on farm/field and issues in solid waste management and standardization of agro-technology for organic farming
� Development/identification of hybrids and varieties of potential vegetable crops, standardization of production technology of hybrids and development of hybrids and production technology for protected cultivation
� Studies on economic and marketing aspects of cash crops
� Regular impact assessment and policy evaluation to suggest/ affect necessary changes
� Study and evaluation of supply chain management and emerging market systems
Crop Protection
� Survey and surveillance of major diseases and pests of important crops
� Identification of resistant sources and study of genetics of resistance against pests and diseases
44
� Marker assisted selection of resistance genes using molecular markers and their use in gene pyramiding for resistance in commercial varieties
� Development of integrated disease and pest management modules suitable for organic and protected agricultural conditions
� Development of detection techniques for pathogens of quarantine importance and certification purposes relating to important seed and soil borne diseases (root rot and wilt complex, bacterial wilt, bean mosaic, urd-bean leaf crinkle, bacterial blight, potato viruses, etc.)
� Formulation of bio-intensive IPM strategies for the management of Helicoverpaarmigera (tomato, fruit flies in cucurbits and tomatoes), cut worms (vegetables); plant parasitic nematodes (cereals and vegetables), insect, pest and nematode management under protected cultivation situations
� Collection and utilization of local strains of entomopathogenic organisms for insect/ pest management under organic farming situations
� Identification and utilization of native botanicals for eco-friendly pest management
� Safe management alternatives for the stored grain pests
� Identification and management of diseases and insect-pests of medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants
� Weed management studies in major crops
45
Tab
le 4
.1 B
lock
-wis
e L
and
Util
izat
ion
Patt
ern
of S
him
la D
istr
ict
(Hec
tare
s)
Sr No
Part
icul
ars
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
1.
Tot
al g
eogr
aphi
cal
area
27
565
7711
3 58
548
5341
6 41
025
2607
9 23
812
2940
8 12
5482
47
547
5099
95
2.
Fore
sts
50
30
7749
10
818
2147
3 40
20
6477
62
78
6733
46
497
7584
12
2659
- Pr
oduc
tive
2012
54
01
9736
19
326
3805
61
00
5000
53
87
4205
2 10
05
9982
4
- D
egra
ded
2018
23
48
1082
21
47
215
377
1278
13
46
4425
65
79
2181
5 3.
B
arre
n an
d un
culti
vabl
e la
nd
1378
11
74
947
878
1599
44
4 60
4 40
9 83
0 73
7 90
00
-
Roc
ky
78
174
147
78
900
231
54
59
71
37
1829
4.
L
and
put t
o no
n-ag
ricu
ltura
l use
s 45
0 28
18
600
2021
13
116
2080
67
6 13
22
2080
16
69
2683
2
-
Bui
ldin
gs
270
2000
50
0 10
21
1010
5 16
80
500
822
960
1469
19
327
R
oads
/pat
hs/c
hann
els
180
818
100
1000
30
11
400
176
500
1120
20
0 75
05
5.
Cul
tura
ble
was
te
1422
28
83
770
1553
20
00
2080
71
1 18
76
3430
11
62
1788
7
- W
eed/
bush
infe
sted
12
80
1510
40
0 11
00
900
1080
30
16
68
1500
90
0 10
368
-
Are
a pr
one
to
anim
al m
enac
e 12
2 13
33
300
400
900
880
400
188
1830
20
0 65
53
-A
rea
diff
icul
t to
man
age
20
40
70
53
200
200
111
20
100
62
876
6.
Perm
anen
t pas
ture
s an
d ot
her
graz
ing
land
s
1274
3 49
558
3180
8 11
698
1025
6 40
28
9157
83
24
3429
8 25
483
1973
53
-
Prod
uctiv
e 89
20
4900
0 25
446
6698
94
15
3924
80
00
7908
31
308
2000
0 17
0619
- D
egra
ded
3823
55
8 63
62
5000
84
1 11
04
1157
41
6 29
90
5483
27
734
7.
Lan
d un
der
mis
cella
neou
s tr
ee
crop
s an
d gr
oves
593
5858
25
2 13
95
102
2080
50
12
00
33
183
1174
6
8.
Fallo
w la
nd
118
500
184
1458
41
4 20
80
254
1309
31
318
3193
40
828
-
Cur
rent
fal
low
10
6 40
0 15
0 10
79
314
2000
20
0 10
00
2555
0 29
87
3378
6
- O
ther
fal
low
12
10
0 34
37
9 10
0 80
54
30
9 57
68
206
7042
9.
C
ultiv
ated
land
5831
65
73
1316
9 12
940
9518
68
10
6082
82
35
6996
75
36
8369
0
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
46
Tab
le 4
.2 P
robl
ems a
nd In
terv
entio
ns fo
r L
and
Dev
elop
men
t in
Shim
la D
istr
ict
(Per
cen
t of P
anch
ayat
s)
Sr.
No.
Pr
oble
ms
Inte
rven
tions
B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ank
hari
N
ark
anda
R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
1.
Deg
rade
d la
nd
Plan
tatio
n of
w
ild f
ruit
and
fodd
er tr
ees.
50
40
40
30
50
40
30
20
50
30
38
2.
Bar
ren
&
uncu
ltiva
ted
land
Con
stru
ctio
n of
irri
gatio
n ta
nk,
impr
ovem
ent
of p
astu
res
with
sui
tabl
e fo
rest
, leg
ume
gras
ses
40
30
40
20
50
50
30
20
60
50
39
3.
Wee
d in
fest
ed la
nd
Era
dica
tion
of
wee
ds a
nd
intr
oduc
tion
of
plan
ts &
gra
sses
60
30
30
40
60
30
30
30
50
40
40
4.
Lan
d pr
one
to a
nim
al
men
ace
Mon
key
viha
r,
gosa
dan,
fe
ncin
g,
ster
iliza
tion
of
mon
keys
etc
.
80
60
50
80
50
50
60
80
70
80
66
5.
Deg
rade
d gr
azin
g la
nd
Red
ucin
g an
imal
pr
essu
re a
nd
incr
easi
ng la
nd
cove
r un
der
legu
me
gras
ses
50
60
50
40
50
50
50
80
60
40
53
6.
Lan
d le
velin
g L
and
leve
ling
an
d cr
eatin
g
gabi
onin
g la
nd
etc.
20
10
10
10
10
20
10
20
20
20
15
7.
Con
tour
bu
ndin
g Pr
epar
atio
n of
co
ntou
r 60
80
80
60
60
90
80
60
70
80
72
8.
Riv
er
emba
nkm
ent/
chec
k da
m e
tc.,
Prot
ectio
n w
all
and
chec
k da
m
70
80
50
60
60
50
30
80
70
30
58
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
47
Tab
le 4
.3 F
inan
cial
Ass
ista
nce
for
Cat
egor
y-w
ise
Impr
ovem
ent o
f Lan
d in
Shi
mla
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
Sr.
No.
Pa
rtic
ular
s B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
1.
Fore
st
363.
00
377.
00
217.
00
324.
00
194.
00
88.0
0 20
2.00
18
8.00
51
9.00
78
3.00
32
55.0
0 2.
Pa
stur
e &
gra
zing
la
nd
542.
00
79.0
0 90
3.00
71
0.00
11
9.00
15
7.00
16
4.00
59
.00
425.
00
779.
00
3937
.00
3.
Oth
ers
741.
00
579.
00
737.
00
580.
00
1105
.00
983.
00
945.
00
2084
.00
1585
.00
2010
.00
1134
9.00
4.
T
otal
16
46.0
0 10
35.0
0 18
57.0
0 16
14.0
0 14
18.0
0 12
28.0
0 13
11.0
0 23
31.0
0 25
29.0
0 35
72.0
0 18
541.
00
Not
e:
Fund
s re
quir
emen
t fo
r la
nd d
evel
opm
ent
has
been
est
imat
ed o
n th
e ba
sis
of v
ario
us s
tate
pla
n sc
hem
es f
or t
he y
ear
2003
-04
and
2007
-08
i.e.
for
degr
aded
lan
d R
s. 1
0,70
0/ha
, ba
rran
lan
d R
s.10
,700
/ha,
Wee
d in
fest
ed l
and
Rs.
17,1
00/h
a, F
enci
ng f
or l
and
pron
e to
ani
mal
men
ace
Rs.
500
0/ha
, de
grad
ed g
razi
ng l
ands
Rs.
14,2
00/h
a, L
and
leve
ling
Rs.
6,80
0/ha
, C
onto
ur b
undi
ng R
s.40
,000
/ha
, re
clam
atio
n R
s. 6
,800
/ha,
che
ck d
am R
s. 8
,000
to
25,0
00/u
nit a
nd a
vera
ge R
s. 1
5,00
0/ p
er c
heck
dam
and
Rs.
6,80
0 /h
a fo
r an
y ot
her
prog
ram
me.
Tab
le 4
.4 In
terv
entio
ns a
nd F
inan
cial
Est
imat
es fo
r L
and
Dev
elop
men
t in
Shim
la D
istr
ict (
Rs.
Lak
hs)
Sr.
No
Part
icul
ars
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Lan
d(h
a)
Fund
s re
quir
edL
and
(ha)
Fu
nds
requ
ired
Lan
d(h
a)
Fund
s re
quir
edL
and
(ha)
Fu
nds
requ
ired
Lan
d(h
a)
Fund
s re
quir
ed1
Deg
rade
d la
nd
2018
21
6.00
23
48
251.
00
1082
11
6.00
21
47
230.
00
215
23.0
0 2
Bar
ren
land
13
78
147.
00
1174
12
6.00
94
7 10
1.00
87
8 94
.00
1599
17
1.00
3
Wee
d in
fest
ed la
nd
1280
21
9.00
15
10
258.
00
400
68.0
0 11
00
188.
00
900
154.
00
4 L
and
pron
e to
ani
mal
men
ace
122
1.00
13
33
7.00
30
0 2.
00
400
20.0
0 90
0 45
.00
5 D
egra
ded
graz
ing
land
s 38
23
542.
00
558
79.0
0 63
62
903.
00
5000
71
0.00
84
1 11
9.00
6
Lan
d le
velin
g 28
28
192.
00
722
49.0
0 25
20
171.
00
0.00
0.
00
5175
35
2.00
7
Con
tour
bun
ding
30
5 12
2.00
37
7 15
0.00
66
2 26
5.00
25
6 10
2.00
68
3 27
5.00
8
Fenc
ing
1958
98
.00
1885
94
.00
162
81.0
0 11
27
56.0
0 18
90
95.0
0 9
Rec
lam
atio
n 79
8 54
.00
0.00
0.
00
225
15.0
0 16
10
109.
00
1764
12
0.00
10
R
iver
em
bank
men
t/che
ck d
ams
2973
45
.00
130
20.0
0 90
0 13
5.00
70
0 10
5.00
42
0 63
.00
11
Any
oth
er
145
10.0
0 7
1.00
1
0.00
0.
00
0.00
10
1.
00
12
Tot
al
16
46.0
0
1035
1857
.00
16
14.0
0
1418
.00
48
Tab
le 4
.4 c
ont…
…
Sr.
No.
Pa
rtic
ular
s N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
L
and
(ha)
Fu
nds
requ
ired
Lan
d(h
a)
Fund
s re
quir
edL
and
(ha)
Fu
nds
requ
ired
Lan
d(h
a)
Fund
s re
quir
edL
and
(ha)
Fu
nds
requ
ired
1 D
egra
ded
land
37
7 40
.00
1278
13
7 13
46
144.
00
4425
47
3.00
65
79
704.
00
2 B
arre
n la
nd
444
48.0
0 60
4 65
40
9 44
.00
430
46.0
0 73
7 79
.00
3 W
eed
infe
sted
land
10
80
185.
00
30
5 16
68
285.
00
1500
25
7.00
90
0 15
4.00
4
Lan
d pr
one
to a
nim
al m
enac
e 88
0 44
.00
400
20
188
9.00
18
30
92.0
0 20
0 10
.00
5 D
egra
ded
graz
ing
land
s 11
04
157.
00
1157
16
4 41
6 59
.00
2990
42
5.00
54
83
779.
00
6 L
and
leve
ling
323
22.0
0 29
25
199
7112
48
4.00
60
84
414.
00
2020
13
7.00
7
Con
tour
bun
ding
10
84
434.
00
248
19
2000
80
0.00
46
1 18
4.00
17
6 70
.00
8 Fe
ncin
g 31
92
160.
00
656
33
800
40.0
0 80
6 32
2.00
64
0 25
6.00
9
Rec
lam
atio
n 0.
00
0.00
32
50
221
1600
10
9.00
27
13
184.
00
310
21.0
0 10
R
iver
em
bank
men
t/che
ck d
ams
922
138
1170
17
6 22
48
0.00
59
2 89
.00
2410
36
2.00
11
A
ny o
ther
* 0.
00
0.00
40
00
272
2km
20
.00
630H
a 43
.00
10km
10
00.0
0 12
T
otal
1228
1311
2331
.00
25
29.0
0
3572
.00
Not
e:
Lif
t irr
igat
ion
silp
ulin
e ta
nk/p
lant
atio
n So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
49
Tab
le 4
.5 M
ajor
Cro
ppin
g Sy
stem
s in
Shim
la D
istr
ict,
2007
-08
(Hec
tare
s)
Sr.
No.
Pa
rtic
ular
s B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
aM
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
R
ainf
ed
514
980.
16
622
570
1058
32
0.5
645
1338
.25
1610
22
73
9416
.91
1 M
aize
-whe
at
230
140.
88
160.
5 37
43
8.5
- 11
0 85
31
2 3
1516
.88
2 M
aize
+pul
ses-
whe
at
55
207.
2 15
61
29
9.5
180
2 40
26
5 -
1124
.7
3 M
aize
-bar
ley
10
132
18
21
11
5 -
82.2
5 25
2 -
531.
25
4 M
aize
-pea
38
22
4 97
72
-
- 86
50
20
0 5
772
5 M
aize
-pot
ato
45
136
28
24
- -
- 70
20
0 -
503
6 Po
tato
-fal
low
-whe
at
(bie
nnia
l)
25
- -
21
- -
25
260
- 85
41
6 7
Mai
ze-t
oria
-whe
at
10
- 2
1 -
- -
- -
- 13
8
Pota
to+
fallo
w
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
0 9
Padd
y-w
heat
-
16
24
57
- 4
- 15
5
- 12
1 10
Pa
ddy-
barl
ey
- 32
1
12
- -
- 20
-
- 65
11
Pu
lses
bas
ed
25
48
- 50
-
36.5
18
5 11
1 36
6 35
8 11
79.5
12
O
ilsee
d ba
sed
17
- 3
31
- -
7 10
-
22
90
13
Veg
etab
le b
ased
59
4.
08
223.
5 17
9 30
9 60
21
0 14
5 10
18
00
2999
.58
14
Pota
to+
fallo
w
- -
- -
- 30
-
- -
- 30
15
Sp
ices
bas
ed
- -
- 4
- -
- -
- -
4 16
Po
tato
-pea
-
- -
- -
- -
450
- -
450
17
Pota
to-
rajm
ash
-
- -
- -
5 -
- -
- 5
18
Tom
ato
– pe
a –
garl
ic
- -
25
- -
- -
- -
- 25
19
T
omat
o- p
ea
- -
25
- -
- -
- -
- 25
20
G
inge
r –
whe
at
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
0
50
Tab
le 4
.5 c
ont..
...
Sr.
No.
Pa
rtic
ular
s B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
alM
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
Irri
gate
d
208
728.
12
117
76
167
- -
- 35
8 -
1654
.12
1 M
aize
-whe
at
42
64.0
8 9
7 -
- -
- 10
0 -
222.
08
2 M
aize
+pul
ses-
whe
at
4 88
1
9 -
- -
- -
- 10
2 3
Mai
ze-b
arle
y -
80
2 -
- -
- -
- -
82
4 M
aize
-pea
36
15
2 12
-
- -
- -
-
200
5 M
aize
-pot
ato
45
88
2 -
-
- -
30
- 16
5 6
Pota
to-f
allo
w-
whe
at (
bien
nial
) 5
- -
- -
- -
- 29
-
34
7 M
aize
-tor
ia-
whe
at
- -
- -
- -
- -
28
- 28
8
Cha
ri-b
erse
em
- -
1 -
- -
- -
- -
1 9
Padd
y-w
heat
-
144
28
- -
- -
- 9
- 18
1 10
Pa
ddy-
barl
ey
- 11
2 2
- -
- -
- 28
-
142
11
Puls
es b
ased
5
- -
-
- -
- -
- 5
12
Oils
eed
base
d 4
- 1
- -
- -
- -
- 5
13
Veg
etab
le b
ased
67
0.
04
50
60
166
- -
- 10
-
353.
04
14
Suga
rcan
e ba
sed
- -
- -
- -
- -
124
- 12
4 15
Sp
ices
bas
ed
- -
- -
-
-
- -
0 16
Po
tato
-pea
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- 0
17
Cau
liflo
wer
-bel
l pe
pper
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- 0
18
Cau
liflo
wer
-be
an-p
ea
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
0 19
T
omat
o –p
ea
- -
10
- -
- -
- -
- 10
20
G
inge
r-w
heat
-
- -
- 1
- -
- -
- 1
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
51
Tab
le 4
.6 C
ropp
ing
Patt
ern
in S
him
la D
istr
ict,
2007
-08
(Hec
tare
s)
Cro
ps
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t Fo
od c
rops
49
59.0
0 65
76.0
0 93
89.0
0 89
6.00
55
75.0
0 89
6.00
18
42.0
0 16
16.0
0 45
16.0
0 15
75.0
0 37
840.
00
Mai
ze
2403
.00
577.
00
3223
.00
191.
00
2946
.00
319.
00
673.
00
729.
00
1039
.00
1140
.00
1324
0.00
Pa
ddy
73
.00
510.
00
378.
00
105.
00
13.0
0 17
2.00
81
.00
83.0
0 36
6.00
0.
00
1781
.00
Whe
at
2173
.00
2329
.00
3084
.00
336.
00
2158
.00
236.
00
929.
00
500.
00
2125
.00
265.
00
1412
5.00
B
arle
y
303.
00
895.
00
1157
.00
102.
00
450.
00
129.
00
154.
00
301.
00
603.
00
170.
00
4264
.00
Rag
i/kod
o 2.
00
453.
00
473.
00
78.0
0 1.
00
0.00
5.
00
25.0
0 84
.00
0.00
11
21.0
0 M
inor
mill
ets
5.00
18
12.0
0 10
74.0
0 84
.00
0.00
40
.00
0.00
18
.00
309.
00
0.00
33
42.0
0 Pu
lses
291.
00
278.
00
837.
00
136.
00
123.
00
559.
00
327.
00
377.
00
1271
.00
147.
00
4346
.00
Bla
ck g
ram
, gra
m, m
ash
83
.00
78.0
0 52
5.00
98
.00
76.0
0 27
4.00
12
0.00
17
6.00
24
4.00
11
1.00
17
85.0
0 G
ram
, red
gra
m, m
asur
, ku
lthi
208.
00
200.
00
312.
00
38.0
0 47
.00
285.
00
207.
00
201.
00
1027
.00
36.0
0 25
61.0
0
Oth
er fo
od c
rops
(pot
ato)
42
.00
680.
00
460.
00
404.
00
173.
00
231.
00
79.0
0 23
72.0
0 41
9.00
46
9.00
53
29.0
0 T
otal
food
cro
ps
5292
.00
7534
.00
1068
6.00
14
36.0
0 58
71.0
0 16
86.0
0 22
48.0
0 43
65.0
0 62
06.0
0 21
91.0
0 47
515.
00
Spic
es &
con
dim
ents
51
.00
0.00
53
.00
0.00
19
6.00
0.
00
31.0
0 0.
00
5.00
1.
00
337.
00
Gin
ger
29.0
0 0.
00
20.0
0 0.
00
165.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
21
4.00
G
arlic
1.
00
0.00
10
.00
0.00
5.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
4.
00
0.00
20
.00
Cor
iand
er
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
C
hilli
es
21.0
0 0.
00
23.0
0 0.
00
26.0
0 0.
00
31.0
0 0.
00
1.00
1.
00
103.
00
Non
food
cro
ps
(oil
seed
s)
49.0
0 13
.00
305.
00
44.0
0 68
.00
8.00
16
.00
67.0
0 10
2.00
16
.00
688.
00
52
Tab
le 4
.6 c
ont..
.
Cro
ps
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
tV
eget
able
s 64
6.00
11
00.0
0 12
56.0
0 43
3.00
17
45.0
0 25
2.00
32
1.00
38
4.00
70
2.00
19
13.0
0 14
073.
00
Pea
(gre
en)
200.
00
884.
00
628.
00
147.
00
702.
00
67.0
0 10
0.00
10
0.00
37
2.00
10
00.0
0 42
00.0
0 T
omat
o 20
.00
5.00
20
0.00
12
.00
325.
00
5.00
5.
00
50.0
0 50
.00
28.0
0 70
0.00
C
abba
ge
200.
00
104.
00
108.
00
100.
00
141.
00
100.
00
136.
00
100.
00
68.0
0 42
0.00
17
50.0
0 C
aulif
low
er
10.0
0 20
.00
94.0
0 10
0.00
25
.00
5.00
5.
00
5.00
31
.00
125.
00
420.
00
Fren
ch b
ean
35.0
0 8.
00
52.0
0 20
.00
120.
00
20.0
0 20
.00
40.0
0 25
.00
110.
00
450.
00
Cap
sicu
m/ c
hilli
es
30.0
0 7.
00
39.0
0 20
.00
78.0
0 15
.00
15.0
0 20
.00
53.0
0 14
8.00
42
5.00
L
ady
fing
er
4.00
4.
00
1.00
1.
00
4.00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
4.00
4.
00
25.0
0 B
rinj
al
5.00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
6.00
2.
00
20.0
0 C
ucur
bits
40
.00
6.00
20
.00
5.00
1.
00
5.00
5.
00
11.0
0 34
.00
10.0
0 14
0.00
O
nion
10
.00
5.00
25
.00
2.00
6.
00
2.00
3.
00
5.00
4.
00
2.00
64
.00
Rad
ish/
turn
ip
30.0
0 16
.00
30.0
0 5.
00
25.0
0 5.
00
5.00
10
.00
10.0
0 14
.00
140.
00
Oth
ers
62.0
0 40
.00
58.0
0 20
.00
35.0
0 25
.00
25.0
0 50
.00
45.0
0 50
.00
410.
00
Fodd
er c
rops
5.
00
2.00
4.
00
2.00
3.
00
2.00
2.
00
3.00
3.
00
2.00
28
.00
Oat
s 2.
00
2.00
2.
00
2.00
3.
00
2.00
2.
00
3.00
2.
00
2.00
22
.00
Ber
seem
3.
00
0.00
2.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
1.
00
0.00
6.
00
Oth
er c
rops
54
.00
41.0
0 71
.00
6.00
6.
00
6.00
6.
00
8.00
9.
00
6.00
21
3.00
T
otal
cro
pped
are
a 60
97.0
0 86
90.0
0 12
375.
00
1921
.00
8502
.00
1954
.00
2624
.00
4827
.00
7027
.00
4129
.00
6285
4.00
N
ote:
Oth
er c
rops
incl
ude
flow
er, m
edic
inal
her
bs/ p
lant
s, to
bacc
o, tu
rmer
ic, c
oria
nder
, etc
.
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
53
Tab
le 4
.7 Q
uant
ity o
f See
d U
sed,
Req
uire
d an
d G
ap fo
r D
iffer
ent C
rops
in S
him
la D
istr
ict (
Kg/
Ha)
Cro
ps
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
C
erea
ls
Mai
ze
43.0
0 20
.00
23.0
062
.00
20.0
042
.00
35.0
020
.00
15.0
0 76
.00
20.0
056
.00
58.0
020
.00
38.0
0Pa
ddy
43.0
0 30
.00
13.0
045
.00
30.0
015
.00
37.0
030
.00
7.00
56
.00
30.0
026
.00
0.00
30.0
00.
00W
heat
17
0.00
10
0.00
70
.00
178.
0010
0.00
78.0
017
5.00
100.
0075
.00
166.
0010
0.00
66.0
015
0.00
100.
0050
.00
Bar
ley
0.00
0.00
180.
0010
0.00
80.0
019
0.00
100.
0090
.00
125.
0010
0.00
25.0
012
5.00
100.
0025
.00
Puls
es
R
ajm
ash
0.00
0.00
103.
0010
0.00
3.00
80.0
010
0.00
20.0
0 85
.00
100.
0015
.00
127.
0010
0.00
27.0
0M
ung/
mas
h 0.
00
0.
000.
000.
000.
0035
.00
20.0
015
.00
27.0
020
.00
7.00
27.0
020
.00
7.00
Oils
eed
M
usta
rd
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.0
06.
004.
00
11.0
06.
005.
000.
00
V
eget
able
s
Pota
to
33.0
0 20
.00
13.0
018
.00
20.0
02.
0030
.00
20.0
010
.00
18.0
020
.00
2.00
23.0
020
.00
3.00
Peas
14
5.00
90
.00
55.0
013
4.00
90.0
044
.00
133.
0090
.00
43.0
0 14
6.00
90.0
056
.00
175.
0090
.00
85.0
0T
omat
o 1.
25
0.50
0.
751.
250.
500.
751.
250.
500.
75
1.25
0.50
0.75
1.65
0.50
1.15
Cab
bage
1.
02
0.60
0.
421.
130.
600.
531.
050.
600.
90
1.30
0.60
0.70
1.70
0.60
1.10
Cau
liflo
wer
0.
90
0.70
0.
201.
130.
700.
431.
250.
700.
55
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.80
0.70
1.10
Bea
ns
125.
00
75.0
0 50
.00
150.
0075
.00
75.0
080
.00
75.0
05.
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
45.0
075
.00
30.0
0C
apsi
cum
1.
33
0.90
0.
430.
000.
900.
002.
080.
901.
18
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.50
0.90
1.60
Lad
y fi
nger
0.
00
0.
0050
.00
15.0
035
.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.
000.
000.
0038
.00
15.0
023
.00
Bri
njal
0.
00
0.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.00
Gin
ger
(q)
28.0
0 20
.00
8.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.0
020
.00
7.00
0.
000.
000.
0012
.00
20.0
08.
00G
arlic
(q)
6.
25
6.00
0.
250.
000.
000.
0010
.00
6.00
4.00
5.
006.
001.
008.
756.
002.
75O
nion
(q)
18
.75
10.0
0 8.
750.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
00
0.00
12.5
010
.00
2.50
Col
ocas
ia (
q)
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.50
8.00
0.50
54
Tab
le 4
.7 c
ont..
.
Cro
ps
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
Cer
eals
M
aize
62
.00
20.0
0 42
.00
39.0
0 20
.00
19.0
0 51
.00
20.0
0 31
.00
38.0
0 20
.00
18.0
0 25
.00
20.0
0 5.
00
48.9
0 20
.00
28.9
0
Padd
y 80
.00
30.0
0 50
.00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
10
5.00
30
.00
75.0
0 62
.00
30.0
0 32
.00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
61
.14
24.0
0 37
.14
Whe
at
100.
00
100.
00
0.00
83
.00
100.
00
17.0
0 16
7.00
10
0.00
67
.00
171.
00
100.
00
71.0
0 65
.00
100.
00
35.0
0 14
2.50
10
0.00
42
.50
Bar
ley
150.
00
100.
00
50.0
0 10
6.00
10
0.00
7.
00
187.
00
100.
00
87.0
0 10
0.00
10
0.00
0.
00
67.0
0 10
0.00
33
.00
136.
67
100.
00
136.
67
Puls
es
Raj
mas
h 12
0.00
10
0..0
0 20
.00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
11
5..0
0 10
0.00
15
.00
90.0
0 10
0.00
10
.00
82.0
0 10
0.00
28
.00
100.
25
90.0
0 10
.25
Mun
g/m
ash
30.0
0 20
.00
10.0
0 32
.00
20.0
0 12
.00
28.0
0 20
.00
8.00
42
.00
20.0
0 22
.00
32.0
0 20
.00
12.0
0 31
.63
18.0
0 13
.63
Oils
eed
12.5
0 6.
00
6.50
19
.00
6.00
13
.00
12.0
0 6.
00
6.00
0.
00
0.
00
14
.50
2.40
12
.10
Mus
tard
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.
00
0.00
6.
25
6.00
0.
25
9.08
3.
00
6.08
Veg
etab
les
Pota
to (
q)
19.0
0 20
.00
1.00
12
.00
20.0
0 6.
00
31.0
0 20
.00
11.0
0 25
.00
20.0
0 5.
00
13.0
0 20
.00
7.00
22
.20
20.0
0 2.
20
Peas
67
.00
90.0
0 23
.00
85.0
0 90
.00
5.00
13
3.00
90
.00
43.0
0 12
8.00
90
.00
38.0
0 90
.00
90.0
0 0.
00
123.
60
90.0
0 33
.60
Tom
ato
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.
50
0.25
1.
25
0.50
0.
75
1.24
0.
50
0.74
Cab
bage
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.78
0.
60
0.18
0.
000.
000.
000.
80
0.60
0.
20
0.62
0.
60
0.02
0.
97
0.60
0.
37
Cau
liflo
wer
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
1.18
0.
70
0.48
0.
000.
000.
000.
00
0.70
0.
00
0.63
0.
70
0.07
1.
14
0.70
0.
44
Bea
ns
0.00
0.
00
0.00
32
.00
75.0
0 43
.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
100.
00
75.0
0 25
.00
45.0
0 75
.00
3.00
82
.43
75.0
0 7.
43
Cap
sicu
m
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
001.
00
0.90
0.
10
0.75
0.
90
0.15
1.
53
0.90
0.
63
Lad
y fi
nger
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.0
0 15
.00
35.0
0 15
.00
15.0
0 0.
00
38.2
5 15
.00
23.2
5
Bri
njal
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.80
1.
50
1.30
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
2.80
1.
50
1.30
Gin
ger
(q)
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
00
20.0
0 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
17
.67
20.0
0 2.
33
Gar
lic (
q)
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
009.
06
6.00
3.
06
4.45
6.
00
1.55
5.
38
6.00
0.
62
Oni
on (
q)
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
0014
.50
10.0
0 4.
50
0.00
0.
000.
0015
.25
10.0
0 5.
25
Col
ocas
ia (
q)
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
000.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
000.
007.
50
8.00
0.
50
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
55
Tab
le 4
.8 B
lock
-wis
e Fe
rtili
zer
Use
d, R
equi
red
and
Gap
s in
Shim
la D
istr
ict,
2007
-08
(Met
ric
Ton
nes)
B
lock
s/
Part
icul
ars
Ure
a C
AN
IF
FCO
(1
2:32
:16)
M
OP
SSP
NPK
15
:15:
15
Ver
mi-
com
post
FYM
B
io-
fert
ilize
rsN
:P:K
(1
0:26
:26)
B
asan
tpur
U
sed
340.
35
0 35
4.31
18
5.12
0
182.
21
1814
68
79
0 26
6.41
R
equi
red
677.
58
0 68
0.14
26
7.37
0
349.
84
2392
18
762
0 51
1.51
G
ap
337.
23
0 32
5.83
82
.25
0 16
7.63
57
8 11
883
0 24
5.10
C
hirg
oan
Use
d 46
9.81
13
5.51
31
0.87
88
.81
47.4
8 15
9.80
0
1276
8 0
233.
63
Req
uire
d 93
5.31
28
2.3
596.
74
128.
27
101.
32
306.
82
3827
30
019
0 44
8.57
G
ap
465.
5 14
6.79
28
5.88
39
.46
53.8
4 14
7.02
38
27
1725
1 0
214.
94
Cho
pal
Use
d 61
5.41
17
7.54
40
7.2
116.
44
62.1
9 20
9.40
20
00
1672
6 0
306.
16
Req
uire
d 12
25.1
7 36
9.87
78
1.67
16
8.18
13
2.72
40
2.05
50
13
3932
5 0
587.
83
Gap
60
9.76
19
2.32
37
4.47
51
.74
70.5
3 19
2.65
30
13
2259
9 0
281.
67
Jubb
al
Use
d 31
3.33
51
5.68
52
5.67
10
25.4
6 40
2.01
27
0.22
69
59
1781
0 0
395.
08
Req
uire
d 62
3.79
10
74.2
7 10
09.0
8 14
81.0
9 85
7.93
51
8.82
77
94
1966
3 0
758.
55
Gap
31
0.46
55
8.6
483.
41
455.
63
455.
92
248.
60
835
1853
0
363.
47
Mas
hobr
a U
sed
463.
06
319.
61
1082
.1
251.
83
315.
91
317.
92
246.
7 12
21
0 81
3.52
R
equi
red
921.
86
665.
82
2077
.21
363.
72
674.
17
610.
40
325.
3 22
27
0 15
61.9
6 G
ap
458.
81
346.
21
995.
11
111.
89
358.
26
292.
48
78.6
10
06
0 74
8.44
N
ankh
ari
Use
d 51
.41
12.8
2 27
.52
20.1
3 8.
66
252.
56
256.
1 26
25
2561
20
.57
Req
uire
d 10
2.35
26
.72
52.8
4 29
.07
18.4
9 48
4.92
42
6.8
4375
42
68
39.4
9 G
ap
50.9
4 13
.89
25.3
1 8.
94
9.83
23
2.36
17
0.7
1750
17
07
18.9
2 N
arka
nda
Use
d 75
.05
249.
93
540.
78
646.
14
137.
92
278.
09
2254
.1
7732
2 0
406.
58
Req
uire
d 14
9.41
52
0.66
10
38.0
9 93
3.23
29
4.32
53
3.93
24
04.8
78
300
0 78
0.63
G
ap
74.3
6 27
0.73
49
7.31
28
7.09
15
6.41
25
5.84
15
0.7
978
0 37
4.06
R
ohru
U
sed
298.
7 18
1.39
42
9.33
0
0 22
0.60
10
60.9
11
134
0 32
2.55
R
equi
red
594.
65
377.
88
824.
15
0 0
423.
55
1273
.2
2546
4 0
619.
30
Gap
29
5.96
19
6.49
39
4.82
0
0 20
2.95
21
2.3
1433
0 0
296.
75
Ram
pur
Use
d 16
9.61
12
8.81
40
6.39
65
3.64
16
8.24
20
8.93
11
29.4
22
589
0 30
5.46
R
equi
red
337.
67
268.
35
780.
12
944.
07
359.
04
401.
15
2258
.8
8838
6 0
586.
48
56
Gap
16
8.06
13
9.53
37
3.72
29
0.42
19
0.8
192.
22
1129
.4
6579
7 0
281.
02
The
og
Use
d 63
5.67
28
1.71
55
4.81
38
6.42
34
6.59
28
5.27
36
74.4
73
488
0 41
7.05
Req
uire
d 12
65.5
1 58
6.86
10
65.0
2 55
8.12
73
9.66
54
7.72
55
11.6
11
0232
0
800.
74
Gap
62
9.84
30
5.15
51
0.21
17
1.69
39
3.07
26
2.45
18
37.2
36
744
0 38
3.69
D
istr
ict
Use
d 34
32.4
1 20
03
4639
33
74
1489
23
85
1939
4.6
2425
62
2561
34
87
Req
uire
d 68
33.3
41
72.7
2 89
05.0
7 48
73.1
2 31
77.6
5 45
79.2
0 31
226.
5 41
6753
42
68
6695
.06
Gap
34
00.8
9 21
69.7
2 42
66.0
7 14
99.1
2 16
88.6
5 21
94.2
0 11
831.
9 17
4191
17
07
3208
.06
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
57
Tab
le 4
.9 M
ajor
Inse
ct/ P
ests
& D
isea
ses L
imiti
ng C
rop
Prod
uctio
n in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t C
rops
In
sect
-Pes
ts
Dis
ease
s C
erea
ls 1.
M
aize
C
utw
orm
s T
urci
cum
and
may
dis
leaf
blig
hts
Whi
te g
rubs
B
ande
d le
af a
nd s
heat
h bl
ight
St
em b
orer
M
aize
aph
id
Snai
ls a
nd s
lugs
2.
Pa
ddy
Stem
bor
er
Gra
in d
isco
lora
tion
Lea
f fo
lder
N
emat
odes
W
hite
gru
bs
Gra
ssho
pper
3.
W
heat
& b
arle
y A
phid
R
usts
( y
ello
w &
leaf
rus
ts )
A
rmyw
orm
s L
oose
sm
ut
Gra
ssho
pper
s H
ill b
unt
Puls
es
4.
Mas
h &
raj
mas
h B
ean
bug
Lea
f sp
ots
Cut
wor
ms
Blis
ter
beet
le
Pod
bore
r H
airy
cat
erpi
llars
O
ilsee
ds5.
R
apes
eed-
mus
tard
C
abba
ge c
ater
pilla
r
Aph
id c
ompl
ex
Pain
ted
bug
Veg
etab
les 6.
So
lana
ceou
s (t
omat
o, b
rinj
al ,
caps
icum
, ch
illi
Cut
wor
ms
Bac
teri
al w
ilt, f
ruit
rot
Bri
njal
sho
ot a
nd f
ruit
bore
r Fr
uit r
ot a
nd P
hyto
phth
ora
rot
Tom
ato
frui
t bor
er
B
rinj
al
B
acte
rial
wilt
, Pho
mos
is b
light
, Fru
it ro
t and
col
lar
rot
7.
Leg
umia
ceou
s (P
ea, F
renc
h be
an)
Pea
leaf
min
er
Roo
t rot
/ wilt
com
plex
and
whi
te r
ot
Cut
wor
ms
Pod
bore
r co
mpl
ex
Blis
ter
beet
le
Bea
n bu
g W
hite
gru
bs
58
Tab
le 4
.9 c
ont…
.
Cro
ps
Inse
ct-P
ests
D
isea
ses
8.
Mal
vace
ous
(okr
a )
Cut
wor
ms
Sp
otte
d bo
ll w
orm
(fr
uit b
orer
)
Jass
ids
Fles
bee
tles
Mite
s 9.
C
ruci
fero
us (
cabb
age
, cau
liflo
wer
, br
occo
li , r
adis
h ,
turn
ip)
Cat
erpi
llar
com
plex
(di
amon
dbac
k m
oth
, ca
bbag
e ca
terp
illar
, se
milo
oper
)
Bla
ck r
ot &
sta
lk r
ot
10.
Oth
er v
eget
able
s an
d sp
ices
(ga
rlic
, co
rian
der
) O
nion
thri
ps
O
nion
mag
got
Aph
id
11.
Pota
to
Whi
te g
rubs
L
ate
blig
ht
Cut
wor
m
Bac
teri
al w
ilt
Wir
ewor
ms
12.
Gin
ger
R
hizo
me
rot
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
Tab
le 4
.10
Prio
rity
-wis
e W
eed
Prob
lem
s in
Shim
la D
istr
ict
Cro
ps
Nam
e of
wee
ds
Cer
eals
M
aize
Ag
erat
um c
onyz
oide
s , C
omm
elin
a be
ngha
lene
sis ,
Gal
linso
ga p
arvi
flora
, D
igita
ria
sang
uina
liss ,
Ech
inch
loa
colo
na
Padd
y Ec
hinc
hloa
cru
s-ga
lli ,
Poly
gonu
m b
arba
tum
, C
yper
us ir
ia ,
Pasp
alum
con
juga
tum
W
heat
Ph
alar
is m
inor
, An
agal
lis a
rven
sis ,
stel
lara
med
ia ,
Vici
a sa
tiva
, Ave
na lu
dovi
cini
a ,.
Poa
annu
a , V
eron
ica
pers
ica
Puls
es
U
rd b
ean
Com
mel
ina
beng
hale
nesi
s , A
gera
tum
con
yzoi
des ,
Dig
itaria
sang
uina
liss ,
Dig
itari
a sa
ngui
nalis
s V
eget
able
s
Kha
rif
Com
mel
ina
beng
hale
nesi
s , A
gera
tum
con
yzoi
des ,
Gal
linso
ga p
arvi
flora
, C
ench
rus s
p.
Rab
i M
edic
ago
dent
icila
ta ,
Gal
linso
ga p
arvi
flora
, C
oron
opus
did
ymu
, Poa
ann
ua ,
Stel
lari
a m
edia
, Ve
roni
ca p
ersi
ca
Wee
ds in
supp
ort (
past
ure)
land
s La
ntan
a ca
mar
a , P
aret
heni
um h
yste
roph
orou
s , A
gera
tium
hos
toni
anum
, Bi
dens
pilo
sa ,
Zizy
phus
rotu
ndifo
lia ,
Cir
sium
arv
ense
Ar
tem
isia
sp. ,
Equ
iset
um ty
phoi
des ,
Rum
ex a
ceto
cella
, U
rtca
dio
ca
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
59
Tab
le 4
.11
Blo
ck-w
ise
Pest
icid
es/C
hem
ical
s Use
d, R
equi
red
and
Gap
s in
Shim
la D
istr
ict,
2007
-08
(Met
ric
Ton
nes)
Pest
icid
e/In
sect
icid
e/
Wee
dici
de
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
End
osul
phan
5.
85
9.01
3.
16
0.30
0.
55
0.25
0.
32
0.60
0.
28
0.27
0.
50
0.23
0.
30
0.56
0.
26
Mal
athi
on
3.98
7.
50
3.52
4.
40
6.86
2.
46
4.80
7.
49
2.69
4.
00
6.24
2.
24
4.48
6.
99
2.51
D
M 0
45
6.45
11
.26
4.81
16
.98
18.3
5 1.
37
18.5
3 20
.01
1.48
15
.44
16.6
8 1.
24
17.2
9 18
.68
1.39
B
avis
tian
3.45
3.
75
0.30
6.
47
8.78
2.
31
7.06
9.
58
2.52
5.
88
7.98
2.
10
6.59
9.
94
3.35
M
etas
ysto
x 3.
00
6.00
3.
00
3.78
6.
47
2.69
4.
13
7.06
2.
93
3.44
5.
88
2.44
3.
85
6.59
2.
74
Nuv
an
5.
50
6.86
1.
36
6.00
7.
49
1.49
5.
00
6.24
1.
24
5.60
6.
99
1.39
M
etac
id
4.
49
7.84
3.
35
4.90
8.
56
3.66
4.
08
7.13
3.
05
4.57
7.
99
3.42
M
asva
n
6.04
7.
84
1.80
6.
04
8.56
2.
52
5.03
7.
13
2.10
5.
63
7.99
2.
36
Z0
78
3.
47
4.90
1.
43
3.78
5.
34
1.56
3.
15
4.45
1.
30
3.53
4.
98
1.45
T
hiod
ain
29
.65
31.8
5 2.
20
32.3
4 34
.74
2.40
26
.95
28.9
5 2.
00
30.1
8 32
.42
2.24
B
litox
0.58
1.
10
0.52
0.
64
1.20
0.
56
0.53
1.
00
0.47
0.
59
1.12
0.
53
T0
50
13
.60
16.4
6 2.
86
14.8
3 17
.95
3.12
12
.36
14.9
6 2.
60
13.8
4 16
.76
2.92
D
arm
et
9.
93
13.2
3 3.
30
10.8
4 14
.44
3.60
9.
03
12.0
3 3.
00
10.1
1 13
.47
3.36
R
ogar
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
Dod
ine
13
.62
17.1
4 3.
52
14.8
6 18
.70
3.84
12
.38
15.5
8 3.
20
13.8
7 17
.45
3.58
C
hlor
opyr
ipho
s
Cop
per
sulp
hate
Rid
omil
C
apto
n
End
omas
Nee
m o
il
60
Tab
le 4
.11
cont
.....
Pest
icid
e/In
sect
icid
e/
Wee
dici
de
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
U
R
G
End
osul
phan
0.
27
0.50
0.
23
0.24
0.
45
0.21
0.
12
0.24
0.
12
7.67
12
.41
4.74
15
.34
24.8
2 9.
48
Mal
athi
on
0.
00
4.00
6.
24
2.24
3.
60
5.62
2.
02
3.00
5.
00
2.00
32
.26
51.9
4 19
.68
DM
045
1.
02
2.02
1.
00
12.3
3 13
.33
1.00
0.
25
0.35
0.
10
0.23
0.
32
0.09
10
6.50
11
6.50
10
.00
195.
02
217.
50
22.4
8 B
avis
tian
0.41
1.
00
0.59
8.
02
10.0
2 2.
00
0.10
0.
20
0.10
0.
09
0.18
0.
09
82.0
0 92
.23
10.2
3 12
0.07
14
3.66
23
.59
Met
asys
tox
0.41
1.
11
0.70
0.
00
3.44
5.
88
2.44
3.
09
5.29
2.
20
77.0
0 87
.01
10.0
1 10
2.14
13
1.29
29
.15
Nuv
an
0.72
2.
52
1.80
10
.98
12.0
0 1.
02
5.00
6.
24
1.24
4.
50
5.62
1.
12
3.00
4.
12
1.12
46
.30
58.0
8 11
.78
Met
acid
0.
00
16.0
0 18
.68
2.68
4.
08
7.13
3.
05
3.62
6.
42
2.80
2.
17
4.17
2.
00
43.9
1 67
.92
24.0
1 M
asva
n
0.
00
16.0
0 20
.04
4.04
45
.03
7.13
37
.90
40.5
2 6.
42
34.1
0
0.
00
124.
29
65.1
1 59
.18
Z0
78
0.00
4.
81
6.61
1.
80
3.15
4.
45
1.30
2.
84
4.01
1.
17
0.00
24
.73
34.7
4 10
.01
Thi
odai
n
0.
00
0.00
26
.95
28.9
5 2.
00
24.2
6 26
.06
1.80
12
0.00
15
0.00
30
.00
290.
33
332.
97
42.6
4 B
litox
0.
00
0.00
0.
53
1.00
0.
47
0.48
0.
90
0.42
40
.10
43.2
0 3.
10
43.4
5 49
.52
6.07
T
0 50
1.
02
1.82
0.
80
0.00
12
.36
14.9
6 2.
60
11.1
2 13
.46
2.34
0.
00
79.1
3 96
.37
17.2
4 D
arm
et
30.0
0 34
.75
4.75
20
.50
31.5
0 11
.00
9.03
12
.03
3.00
8.
13
10.8
3 2.
70
67.0
1 87
.01
20.0
0 17
4.58
22
9.29
54
.71
Rog
ar
0.41
1.
01
0.60
12
.00
16.0
3 4.
03
0.00
0.
00
0.00
12
.41
17.0
4 4.
63
Dod
ine
0.41
0.
81
0.40
0.
00
12.3
8 15
.58
3.20
11
.14
14.0
2 2.
88
0.00
78
.66
99.2
8 20
.62
Chl
oro-
py
riph
os
0.
00
0.41
0.
51
0.10
0.
37
0.47
0.
10
0.00
0.
78
0.98
0.
20
Cop
per
su
lpha
te
0.
00
80.0
0 87
.01
7.01
80
.00
87.0
1 7.
01
Rid
omil
0.
00
40.5
1 43
.51
3.00
40
.51
43.5
1 3.
00
Cap
ton
0.41
0.
82
0.41
0.
41
0.82
0.
41
End
omas
1.
02
1.82
0.
80
1.02
1.
82
0.80
N
eem
oil
1.64
2.
00
0.36
1.
64
2.00
0.
36
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
61
Tab
le 4
.12
Blo
ck-w
ise
Yie
ld G
ap in
Maj
or C
rops
in S
him
la D
istr
ict (
Q/H
a)
Cro
ps
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Cer
eals
A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
Mai
ze
18.0
0 30
.00
12.0
0 27
.00
35.0
0 10
.00
26.0
0 30
.00
4.00
12
.00
19.0
0 6.
00
30.0
0 40
.00
10.0
0
Padd
y 35
.00
38.0
0 3.
00
30.0
0 34
.00
4.00
15
.00
21.0
0 6.
00
20.0
0 25
.00
5.00
10
.00
13.0
0 3.
00
Whe
at
21.0
0 32
.00
11.0
0 22
.00
30.0
0 8.
00
13.0
0 20
.00
7.00
17
.00
23.0
0 6.
00
20.0
0 25
.00
5.00
Bar
ley
15
.00
25.0
0 10
.00
22.0
0 30
.00
8.00
14
.00
17.0
0 3.
00
18.0
0 21
.00
3.00
21
.00
30.0
0 9.
00
Puls
es
Raj
mas
h
10.0
0 15
.00
5.00
12
.00
15.0
0 3.
00
10.0
0 13
.00
3.00
8.
00
12.0
0 4.
00
9.00
12
.00
3.00
Mas
h
6.00
10
.00
4.00
7.
00
10.0
0 3.
00
4.00
7.
00
3.00
6.
00
8.00
2.
00
6.00
9.
00
3.00
Oils
eeds
Mus
tard
4.
00
6.00
2.
00
3.00
6.
00
3.00
3.
00
7.00
4.
00
4.00
7.
00
3.00
4.
50
5.50
1.
00
Veg
etab
les
Po
tato
16
8.00
17
0.00
2.
00
141.
00
166.
00
25.0
0 15
6.00
16
0.00
4.
00
61.0
0 12
0.00
59
.00
86.0
0 11
2.00
26
.00
Peas
10
0.00
12
2.00
22
.00
59.0
0 95
.00
36.0
0 50
.00
82.0
0 32
.00
56.0
0 85
.00
29.0
0 58
.00
96.0
0 38
.00
Tom
ato
229.
00
312.
00
83.0
0 63
.00
150.
00
87.0
0 61
.00
85.0
0 24
.00
312.
00
400.
00
88.0
0 27
0.00
42
5.00
15
5.00
Cab
bage
13
8.00
20
0.00
62
.00
117.
00
213.
00
96.0
0 24
0.00
26
0.00
20
.00
312.
00
425.
00
113.
00
313.
00
406.
00
93.0
0
Cau
liflo
wer
11
3.00
15
0.00
37
.00
113.
00
132.
00
19.0
0 21
9.00
25
9.00
40
.00
200.
00
250.
00
50.0
0 23
1.00
26
8.00
37
.00
Bea
ns
63.0
0 83
.00
20.0
0 56
.00
63.0
0 7.
00
50.0
0 88
.00
38.0
0 50
.00
70.0
0 20
.00
51.0
0 10
0.00
49
.00
Cap
sicu
m
71.0
0 10
0.00
29
.00
10
8.00
14
0.00
32
.00
63
.00
79.0
0 16
.00
Lad
y fi
nger
100.
00
124.
00
24.0
0 82
.00
127.
00
45.0
0
60.0
0 85
.00
25.0
0
Bri
njal
Cuc
umbe
r
88
.00
120.
00
32.0
0
Gin
ger
75.0
0 10
0.00
25
.00
69.0
0 12
8.00
59
.00
69.0
0 12
8.00
59
.00
67
.00
96.0
0 29
.00
Gar
lic
125.
00
150.
00
25.0
0
98.0
0 16
3.00
65
.00
125.
00
175.
00
50.0
0 81
.00
113.
00
32.0
0
Oni
on
100.
00
125.
00
25.0
0
60.0
0 80
.00
20.0
0
Col
ocas
ia
- -
-
125.
00
150.
00
25.0
0
62
Tab
le 4
.12
cont
.....
Cro
ps
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
C
erea
ls M
aize
13
.00
19.0
0 6.
00
13.0
021
.00
8.00
24.0
034
.00
10.0
023
.00
33.0
0 10
.00
32.0
042
.00
10.0
021
.80
30.3
08.
50
Padd
y 12
.00
15.0
0 3.
00
3.00
6.00
3.00
25.0
034
.00
9.00
30.0
040
.00
10.0
00.
000.
000.
0023
.85
29.5
75.
72
Whe
at
13.0
0 19
.00
6.00
10
.00
14.0
04.
0030
.00
33.0
03.
0012
.00
15.0
0 3.
0023
.00
33.0
010
.00
18.1
024
.40
6.30
Bar
ley
12
.00
20.0
0 8.
00
9.00
13.0
04.
0016
.00
28.0
012
.00
15.0
018
.00
3.00
21.0
031
.00
10.0
017
.00
23.5
06.
50
Puls
es
Raj
mas
h
7.00
12
.00
5.00
7.
0015
.00
8.00
10.0
013
.00
3.00
9.00
12.0
0 3.
0013
.00
18.0
05.
009.
0013
.50
4.50
Mas
h
4.00
6.
00
2.00
5.
008.
003.
007.
009.
002.
005.
008.
00
3.00
7.00
10.0
03.
005.
708.
502.
80
Oils
eeds
Mus
tard
5.
00
6.00
1.
00
2.00
4.00
2.00
6.00
8.00
2.00
5.00
7.00
2.
007.
009.
002.
004.
356.
552.
20
Veg
etab
les
Pota
to
50.0
0 71
.00
21.0
0 52
.00
96.0
044
.00
131.
0015
8.00
27.0
081
.00
104.
00
23.0
078
.00
102.
0024
.00
87.7
012
5.90
38.2
0
Peas
55
.00
84.0
0 29
.00
60.0
074
.00
14.0
083
.00
103.
0020
.00
105.
0011
2.00
7.
0048
.00
58.0
010
.00
67.4
091
.10
23.7
0
Tom
ato
-
- -
172.
0021
9.00
47
.00
88.0
018
8.00
100.
0017
0.70
254.
1483
.44
Cab
bage
-
- -
188.
0031
3.00
125.
0012
5.00
200.
00
75.0
018
8.00
273.
0085
.00
202.
6328
6.00
83.3
7
Cau
liflo
wer
-
- -
188.
0026
0.00
72.0
0
225.
0026
5.00
40.0
018
4.20
226.
2942
.09
Bea
ns
- -
- 58
.00
78.0
020
.00
101.
0011
3.00
12
.00
95.0
010
8.00
13.0
065
.50
87.8
822
.38
Cap
sicu
m
- -
- 53
.00
100.
00
47.0
040
.00
84.0
044
.00
67.0
010
0.60
33.6
0
Lad
y fi
nger
-
- -
60.0
080
.00
20.0
075
.50
104.
0028
.50
Bri
njal
-
- -
81.0
013
1.00
50
.00
81.0
013
1.00
50.0
0
Cuc
umbe
r -
- -
100.
0012
5.00
25
.00
81.0
011
7.00
36.0
089
.67
120.
6630
.99
Gin
ger
- -
-
70.0
011
3.00
43.0
0
Gar
lic
- -
- 93
.00
150.
00
57.0
075
.00
125.
0050
.00
99.5
014
6.00
46.5
0
Oni
on
- -
- 51
.00
144.
00
93.0
051
.00
144.
0093
.00
65.5
012
3.25
57.7
5
Col
ocas
ia
- -
- 15
0.00
200.
00
50.0
013
7.50
175.
0037
.50
Not
e: A
= a
ctua
l yie
ld; P
= p
rogr
essi
ve f
arm
er’s
yie
ld; G
= g
ap
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
63
Tab
le 4
.13
Farm
Mac
hine
ry U
se a
nd G
ap in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t (Bl
ock-
wis
e)
Mac
hine
ry
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
% user
s N
umbe
r % user
s N
umbe
r % user
s N
umbe
r % user
s N
umbe
r E
R
G
ap
E
R
Gap
E
R
G
ap
E
R
Gap
M
aize
she
ller
16
126
483
357
1 26
52
26
3
54
556
502
1 20
48
0 46
0 T
hres
her
90
309
387
78
90
240
422
182
40
378
405
27
32
202
288
86
Tra
ctor
50
10
58
48
0
0 5
5 0
5 20
15
0
2 13
0 12
8 Ir
on p
loug
h 95
12
567
1641
4 38
47
100
7995
58
50
2145
50
12
150
1755
0 54
00
5 16
32
480
1152
Sp
ray
pum
p/ P
ower
spr
ayer
9
1208
34
80
2272
95
42
57
2515
17
42
40
1147
5 14
175
2700
56
40
51
8832
47
81
Cha
ff c
utte
r 2
145
4553
44
08
0 0
26
26
1 68
55
35
5467
1
38
576
538
Pow
er ti
ller
3 10
50
3 49
3 0
0 0
0 0
0 31
5 31
5 0
40
264
224
Tab
le 4
.13
cont
...
Mac
hine
ry
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o % user
s N
umbe
r % user
s N
umbe
r % user
s N
umbe
r % user
s N
umbe
r E
R
G
ap
E
R
Gap
E
R
G
ap
E
R
Gap
M
aize
she
ller
5 92
46
30
4538
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
50
3200
31
50
Thr
eshe
r 46
59
8 11
22
524
0 13
15
2
53
242
502
260
7 11
2 12
80
1168
T
ract
or
1 4
92
88
0 4
8 4
0 5
195
190
2 64
24
0 17
6 Ir
on p
loug
h 10
0 13
11
1782
47
1 8
425
950
525
67
8450
11
700
3250
33
15
200
0 15
200
Spra
y pu
mp/
Pow
er
spra
yer
100
1265
0 13
220
4781
10
0 29
96
4390
47
81
20
5525
68
25
4781
73
19
200
0 19
200
Cha
ff c
utte
r 19
20
70
6831
47
61
0 4
34
30
1 13
0 26
65
2535
3
1440
0 15
200
800
Pow
er ti
ller
0 0
297
297
0 0
0 0
0 0
100
100
2 64
16
0 96
Tab
le 4
.13
cont
....
Mac
hine
ry
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
% u
sers
N
umbe
r %
use
rs
Num
ber
% u
sers
N
umbe
r
E
R
Gap
E
R
G
ap
E
R
Gap
M
aize
she
ller
0 20
62
0 60
0 0
0 12
0 12
0 2.
6 38
8 10
141
9753
T
hres
her
90
418
852
434
13
210
280
70
46.1
0 27
22
5553
28
31
Tra
ctor
3
8 31
23
0
10
50
40
5.6
112
829
717
Iron
plo
ugh
55
3952
60
45
2093
46
99
00
1150
0 16
00
55.9
13
582
7227
1 13
11
Spra
y pu
mp/
Po
wer
spr
ayer
63
17
83
4053
47
81
35
6220
72
50
4781
59
.1
6936
5 64
740
4625
Cha
ff c
utte
r 1
85
1938
18
53
0.1
100
3000
29
00
2.81
17
040
4035
8 23
318
Pow
er ti
ller
0 0
155
155
0 0
250
250
0.5
114
2044
19
38
Not
e: U
= us
e, R
= re
quir
emen
t, G
= ga
p
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
64
Tab
le 4
.14
Blo
ck-w
ise
Prob
lem
s and
Inte
rven
tions
for
Farm
Mac
hine
ry (P
er c
ent o
f Pan
chay
ats)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Mac
hine
ry
Prob
lem
s In
terv
entio
ns
Bas
antp
urC
hirg
aon
Cho
palJ
ubba
lMas
hobr
a Nan
khar
iNar
kand
aRoh
rooR
ampu
rT
heog
Dis
tric
tM
aize
sh
elle
r L
ow e
ffic
ienc
y Im
prov
emen
t in
desi
gn
40
20
30
50
40
20
30
20
10
10
27
N
on-a
vaila
bilit
y in
loca
l mar
ket
Stre
ngth
enin
g th
e in
put s
uppl
y m
echa
nism
50
80
70
25
30
80
70
80
80
80
64.5
Thr
eshe
r N
on s
uita
bilit
y to
hi
lly c
ondi
tions
Im
prov
emen
t in
desi
gn
10
80
60
40
50
70
50
60
40
50
51
H
igh
cost
Su
bsid
y
40
60
50
40
60
50
40
50
80
70
54
Tra
ctor
Pr
oble
m o
f fi
nanc
e C
redi
t fac
ility
and
su
bsid
y 20
20
20
20
30
20
10
20
30
10
20
R
epai
r an
d m
aint
enan
ce
Agr
i wor
ksho
p
50
80
70
60
50
60
50
40
30
30
52
L
ess
effi
cien
t H
ill s
peci
fic
desi
gn
40
90
70
60
50
70
60
50
50
70
61
Iron
plo
ugh
Les
s ef
fici
ent
Tra
inin
g an
d de
mon
stra
tion
of u
se
of f
arm
mac
hine
ry
10
10
150
10
15
20
15
15
10
10
26.5
N
on a
vaila
bilit
y in
loca
l mar
ket
Self
hel
p gr
oups
for
hi
ring
out
far
m
mac
hine
ry
20
30
20
10
10
30
20
20
10
10
18
H
eavy
wei
ght
Les
s w
eigh
t plo
ugh
30
40
30
20
20
40
30
20
10
10
25
Spra
y pu
mp/
Po
wer
sp
raye
r
Prob
lem
of
fina
nce
Cre
dit f
acili
ty a
nd
subs
idy
50
60
50
30
40
60
50
40
70
60
51
N
ot a
vaila
ble
M
ore
supp
ly b
y A
gri.
Dep
t. 20
40
20
20
30
40
30
20
30
10
26
Cha
ff c
utte
r Pr
oble
m o
f fi
nanc
e C
redi
t fac
ility
and
su
bsid
y 10
20
30
20
30
40
30
20
40
30
27
N
ot a
vaila
ble
Su
pply
by
Gov
t. ag
ency
20
30
20
10
20
30
20
30
40
20
24
Pow
er ti
ller
Les
s ef
fici
ent
To
enha
nce
pow
er
effi
cien
cy
20
20
10
20
20
10
10
10
10
10
14
L
ack
of s
uita
ble
mod
el
Dev
elop
ing
hill
spec
ific
and
cos
t ef
fect
ive
mod
els
20
30
20
10
20
20
10
20
10
10
17
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
65
Tab
le 4
.15
Exi
stin
g B
lock
Lev
el S
chem
es fo
r A
gric
ultu
ral D
evel
opm
ent i
n Sh
imla
Dis
tric
t
Blo
ck
No.
B
enef
icia
ries
Fu
nds (
Rs.
Lak
hs)
Stat
us
Cen
tre
Stat
e Pa
ncha
yat
Ban
k
Tot
al
Com
plet
e
Inco
mpl
ete
A
dditi
onal
W
ater
Har
vest
ing
Bas
antp
ur
1.00
25
.00
7.80
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
7.80
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
Chi
rgao
n 27
.00
2797
.00
70.6
0 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
70.6
0 27
.00
0.00
0.
00
Cho
pal
33.0
0 60
0.00
0.
00
0.70
0.
00
5.90
6.
60
33.0
0 0.
00
200.
00
Jubb
al
70.0
0 70
.00
0.00
17
.00
0.00
0.
00
17.0
0 70
.00
0.00
0.
00
Mas
hobr
a 7.
00
47.0
0 0.
00
3.30
0.
00
0.00
3.
30
7.00
0.
00
0.00
Nan
khar
i 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
Nar
kand
a 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
Roh
roo
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
Ram
pur
42.0
0 15
5.00
3.
00
2.00
0.
00
0.00
5.
00
42.0
0 0.
00
0.00
The
og
3.00
50
0.00
21
.00
9.00
0.
00
0.00
30
.00
0.00
0.
00
300.
00
Tot
al
183.
00
4194
.00
102.
40
32.0
0 0.
00
5.90
14
0.30
14
6.00
0.
00
500.
00
Soil/
Lan
d C
onse
rvat
ion
Bas
antp
ur
20.0
0 27
.00
0.00
2.
50
0.00
0.
00
2.50
20
.00
0.00
0.
00
Chi
rgao
n 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
Cho
pal
15.0
0 60
0.00
0.
00
0.20
0.
00
1.83
2.
03
15.0
0 0.
00
100.
00
Jubb
al
115.
00
115.
00
0.00
0.
48
0.00
4.
33
4.81
11
5.00
0.
00
0.00
Mas
hobr
a 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
Nan
khar
i 2.
00
40.0
0 0.
00
4.00
0.
00
0.00
4.
00
2.00
0.
00
0.00
Nar
kand
a 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
Roh
roo
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
Ram
pur
16.0
0 41
3.00
0.
00
3.00
0.
00
0.00
43
.91
16.0
0 0.
00
0.00
The
og
3.00
10
00.0
0 0.
00
15.0
0 0.
00
15.0
0 30
.00
3.00
0.
00
200.
00
Tot
al
171.
00
2195
.00
0.00
25
.18
0.00
21
.16
87.2
5 17
1.00
0.
00
300.
00
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
66
Tab
le 4
.15
cont
....
Blo
ck
No.
B
enef
icia
ries
Fu
nds (
Rs.
Lak
hs)
Stat
us
Cen
tre
St
ate
Pa
ncha
yat
Ban
k T
otal
C
ompl
ete
In
com
plet
e
Add
ition
al
Oth
er E
xist
ing
Agr
icul
tura
l Sch
emes
B
asan
tpur
5
1200
20
3
0.00
0.
00
23
1 4
20
Chi
rgao
n -
- 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
- -
-
Cho
pal
2 50
00
9 1
0.00
0.
00
10
1 1
5
Jubb
al
10
6500
18
2
0.00
0.
00
20
10
- -
Mas
hobr
a 4
1000
14
2
0.00
0.
00
14
- -
-
Nan
khar
i -
- 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
- -
-
Nar
kand
a 5
1003
0 9.
5 2.
5 0.
00
0.00
12
5
- 20
0
Roh
roo
20
3444
0.
00
5 0.
00
0.00
5
- -
5
Ram
pur
(HT
M)
2 88
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
12.4
4 12
.44
- -
-
The
og
5 50
00
22.5
7.
5 0.
00
0.00
30
.00
- -
100
Tot
al
53
3226
2 93
23
0.
00
12.4
4 12
6.44
17
4
330
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
67
Table 4.16 Status of Completed Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise)
Blocks/ schemes Number Amount spent ( Rs. lakhs)
No. of villages covered
Beneficiaries (No.)
Command area (Ha)
Actual area (Ha)
Basantpur 132 205.67 124 1141 270.87 270
Lift 11 85.23 14 220 98.46 98
Tubewell 0 - - - - -
Kuhl 21 70.44 21 421 72.41 72
Canal 0 - - - - -
Tank 100 50 90 500 100 100
Chirgaon 22 170.61 27 2648.50 815.29 39.07
Lift 2 29.31 2 16.5 39.07 -
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 20 141.30 25 2632 776.22 776.22
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
Chopal 42 238.16 56 8245 1005.54 675.5
Lift 1 - - - - -
Tubewell - - 56 8245 1005.54 675.5
Kuhl 41 238.16 - - - -
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
Other - - - - - -
Jubbal 27 126.80 61 492 430.73 197.39
Lift 4 36.60 9 82 55.12 34.15
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 23 90 52 410 375.61 163.24
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
Mashobra 9 200 12 1200 161.91 74.11
Lift - - - - - -
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 9 200 12 1200 161.91 74.11
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
68
Table 4.16 cont…
Blocks/ schemes Number Amount spent (Rs. lakhs)
No. of villages covered
Beneficiaries (No.)
Command area (Ha)
Actual area (Ha)
Nankhari 14 14 19 225 90 65
Lift - - - - - -
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 4 10 10 200 75 50
Canal - - - - - -
Tank 10 4 9 25 15 15
Narkanda 10 10 100 200 - 200
Lift - - - - - -
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 10 10 100 200 - 200
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
Rohroo 33 113.97 77 765 169.60 169.60
Lift 4 53.73 7 422 92.99 92.99
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 6 54.64 44 283 63.61 63.31
Canal - - - - - -
Tank 23 5.6 26 60 13 13
Rampur 49 185.62 90 3714 7987.5 1762.5
Lift - - - - - -
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 24 136.93 65 3188 7498 1273
Canal - - - - - -
Tank 25 48.69 25 526 489.5 489.5
Theog 89 300 88 226 181.81 105.15
Lift 5 250 8 142 139.81 75.15
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl - - - - - -
Canal - - - - - -
Tank 84 50 80 84 42 30
District 427 1564.63 655 18856.50 11113.25 4334.54
Lift 27 454.87 40 882.5 425.45 339.36
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 158 951.47 385 16779 10028.30 3347.68
Canal - - - - - -
Tank 242 158.29 230 1195 659.50 647.5 Source: Field survey, 2007-08
69
Tab
le 4
.17
Stat
us o
f Fun
ctio
nal a
nd N
on-F
unct
iona
l Irr
igat
ion
Sche
mes
in S
him
la D
istr
ict (
Blo
ck-w
ise)
Blo
cks/
sc
hem
es
Func
tiona
l N
on-f
unct
iona
l N
o.
Am
ount
sp
ent
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
No.
of
villa
ges
cove
red
Ben
efic
iari
es
Com
man
d ar
ea (H
a)
Act
ual
area
(Ha)
No.
A
mou
nt
spen
t(R
s. L
akhs
)
No.
of
villa
ges
cove
red
Ben
efic
iari
es
Com
man
d ar
ea (H
a)
Act
ual
area
(Ha)
Bas
antp
ur
71
- -
- -
172
61
- -
- -
98
Lif
t 6
- -
- -
60
5 -
- -
- 38
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l 15
-
- -
- 62
6
- -
- -
10
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k 50
-
- -
- 50
50
-
- -
- 50
Chi
rgao
n 22
17
0.61
27
27
97
815.
29
815.
29
- -
- -
- -
Lif
t 2
29.3
1 2
165
39.0
7 39
.07
- -
- -
- -
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l 20
14
1.30
25
26
32
776.
22
776.
22
- -
- -
- -
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Cho
pal
32
189.
90
42
6355
85
4.38
57
8 9
53.4
5 14
21
00
191.
64
191.
64
Lif
t 1
5.22
1
210
40.4
8 38
-
- -
- -
-
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l 31
18
4.68
41
61
45
813.
9 54
0 9
53.4
5 14
21
00
191.
64
191.
64
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k -
- -
- -
- -
-
70
Tab
le 4
.17
cont
…
Blo
cks/
sc
hem
es
Func
tiona
l N
on-F
unct
iona
l
No.
A
mou
nt
spen
t(R
s. L
akhs
)
No.
of
villa
ges
cove
red
Ben
efic
iari
es
Com
man
d ar
ea (H
a)
Act
ual
area
(Ha)
No.
A
mou
nt
spen
t(R
s. L
akhs
)
No.
of
villa
ges
cove
red
Ben
efic
iari
es
Com
man
d ar
ea (H
a)
Act
ual
area
(Ha)
Jubb
al
18
60.6
0 34
32
0 19
7.39
19
7.39
9
66
17
192
233.
34
- L
ift
2 28
.60
6 60
34
.15
34.1
5 2
8 3
22
20.9
7 -
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- K
uhl
16
32
28
260
163.
24
163.
24
7 58
14
17
0 21
2.37
-
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- M
asho
bra
9 20
0 12
12
00
161.
91
74.1
1 -
- -
- -
- L
ift
9 20
0 12
12
00
161.
91
74.1
1 -
- -
- -
- T
ubew
ell
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Kuh
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- C
anal
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- T
ank
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Nan
khar
i 11
5 15
26
69
0 13
5 13
5 -
- -
- -
- L
ift
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- K
uhl
5 11
17
66
5 12
0 12
0 -
- -
- -
- C
anal
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- T
ank
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
71
Tab
le 4
.17
cont
…
Blo
cks/
sc
hem
es
Func
tiona
l N
on-F
unct
iona
l N
o.
Am
ount
sp
ent
(Rs.
lakh
s)
No.
of
villa
ges
cove
red
Ben
efic
iari
es
Com
man
d ar
ea
(Ha)
A
ctua
l ar
ea(H
a)
No.
A
mou
nt
spen
t(R
s. L
akhs
)
No.
of
villa
ges
cove
red
Ben
efic
iari
es
Com
man
d ar
ea (H
a)
Act
ual
area
(Ha)
Nar
kand
a 10
10
- 20
0 20
0
- -
- -
-
Lif
t
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Tub
ewel
l
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l
- 10
-
200
200
- -
- -
- -
Can
al
10
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Tan
k
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Roh
roo
8 97
.82
12
705
144.
60
144.
60
- -
- -
- -
Lif
t 4
53.7
3 7
422
92.9
9 92
.99
- -
- -
- -
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l 4
44.0
9 5
283
51.6
1 51
.61
- -
- -
- -
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Ram
pur
49
185.
62
90
668
536.
50
536.
60
- -
- -
- -
Lif
t -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l 24
13
6.93
65
14
2 47
47
-
- -
- -
-
Can
al
- -
- 52
6 -
- -
- -
- -
-
Tan
k 25
48
.69
25
- 48
9.50
48
9.50
-
- -
- -
-
72
Tab
le 4
.17
cont
…
Blo
cks/
sc
hem
es
Func
tiona
l N
on-F
unct
iona
l N
o.
Am
ount
sp
ent
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
No.
of
villa
ges
cove
red
Ben
efic
iari
es
Com
man
d ar
ea (H
a)
Act
ual
area
(Ha)
No.
A
mou
nt
spen
t(R
s. L
akhs
)
No.
of
villa
ges
cove
red
Ben
efic
iari
es
Com
man
d ar
ea (H
a)
Act
ual
area
(Ha)
The
og89
30
0 88
22
6 18
1.81
10
5.15
-
- -
- -
-
Lif
t 5
250
8 14
2 13
9.81
75
.15
- -
- -
- -
Tub
ewel
l -
50
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Kuh
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k 84
-
80
84
42
30
- -
- -
- -
Dis
tric
t42
3 21
9.55
34
1 12
961
3226
.88
- 79
11
9.45
31
21
3 42
4.98
19
1.64
Lif
t 29
56
6.86
36
21
99
508.
41
413.
47
7 8
3 22
20
.97
-
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l 12
5 55
0 19
1 10
127
2171
.97
1960
.07
22
111.
45
28
191
404.
01
191.
64
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k 26
9 10
2.69
11
4 63
5 54
6.50
53
4.50
50
-
- -
- -
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
73
Tab
le 4
.18
Blo
ck-w
ise
Stat
us o
f Irr
igat
ion
Sche
mes
(On-
goin
g an
d Po
tent
ial)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Blo
ck/
Sche
me
Ong
oing
sche
mes
Po
tent
ial f
or n
ew sc
hem
es
No.
A
mou
nt
requ
ired
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
Vill
ages
co
vere
d B
enef
icia
ries
(N
o.)
Com
man
d
area
(Ha)
No.
A
mou
nt
requ
ired
( Rs.
Lakh
s)
Vill
ages
co
vere
d B
enef
icia
ries
(No.
)
Com
man
d ar
ea(H
a)
Bas
antp
ur
2 33
.13
2 30
8
130
340
40
1100
20
0 L
ift
2 33
.13
2 30
8
10
90
10
200
40
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- K
uhl
- -
- -
- 20
15
0 20
40
0 60
C
anal
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- T
ank
- -
- -
- 10
0 10
0 10
50
0 10
0 C
hirg
aon
4 14
6.04
4
515
228.
03
- -
- -
- L
ift
1 38
.40
1 11
5 34
.75
- -
- -
- T
ubew
ell
- -
-
- -
- -
- -
Kuh
l 3
107.
64
3 40
0 19
3.28
-
- -
- -
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- C
hopa
l -
- -
- -
104
440
108
1120
0 10
50
Lif
t -
- -
- -
4 40
8
1200
15
0 T
ubew
ell
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l -
- -
- -
50
250
50
5000
60
0 C
anal
-
- -
- -
T
ank
- -
- -
- 50
15
0 50
50
00
300
Jubb
al
71
63.8
1 73
78
39
5.13
10
11
5490
.08
430
4000
57
27.8
2 L
ift
1 46
3
8 12
8 11
49
90.0
8 23
0 30
00
5627
.82
Tub
ewel
l -
-
-
- -
- -
- K
uhl
- -
- -
- -
- -
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k 70
17
.81
70
70
2617
.13
1000
50
0 20
0 10
00
100
74
Tab
le 4
.18
cont
...
Mas
hobr
a 1
19.2
7 3
300
13.6
8 -
- -
- -
Lif
t 1
19.2
7 3
300
13.6
8 -
- -
- -
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Nan
khar
i -
- -
- -
36
62
27
270
87
Lif
t -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l -
- -
- -
6 50
15
16
5 72
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k -
- -
- -
30
12
12
105
15
Nar
kand
a 1
- -
- -
5 80
15
15
0 40
Lif
t 1
- -
- -
-
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
5 80
15
15
0 40
Kuh
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Roh
roo
5 13
7.36
7
573
165.
92
1 27
13
13
0 40
Lif
t 1
68.5
7 1
102
49.0
6 -
- -
- -
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Kuh
l 4
68.7
9 6
471
116.
86
1 27
13
13
0 40
Can
al
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tan
k -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
75
Tab
le: 4
.18
cont
...
Ram
pur
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Lif
t -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- T
ubew
ell
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Kuh
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- C
anal
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- T
ank
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
The
og2
100
10
75
82.3
1 10
51
0 85
0 45
00
2050
L
ift
2 10
0 10
75
82
.31
10
500
50
1500
50
T
ubew
ell
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Kuh
l -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- C
anal
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- T
ank
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Dis
tric
t86
49
9.61
99
15
71
893.
07
3297
69
49.0
8 14
83
2135
0 91
94.8
2 L
ift
9 30
5.37
20
63
0 31
5.80
35
56
20.0
8 29
8 59
00
5867
.82
Tub
ewel
l -
- -
- -
5 80
15
15
0 40
K
uhl
7 17
6.43
9
871
310.
14
77
477
98
5695
77
2 C
anal
-
- -
-
1000
5
400
1500
10
00
Tan
k 70
17
.81
70
70
267.
13
2180
76
7 67
2 81
05
1515
So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
76
Table 4.19 Block-wise Irrigation Schemes: Repair and Maintenance (Rs. Lakhs) in Shimla District
Block/schemes Functional Non-functional No. Annual
funds required
Funds required for complete overhauling
No. Annual funds required
Funds required for complete overhauling
Basantpur 71 1.50 9 61 0.54 11
Lift 6 0.50 2 5 0.15 2
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 15 0.80 5 6 0.24 6
Canal - - - - - -
Tank 50 0.20 2 50 0.15 3
Chirgaon 1 19 95 1 2 10
Lift 1 19 95 1 2 10
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl - - - - - -
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
Chopal 22 28 378 9 110 600
Lift 1 3 38 - - -
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 21 25 340 9 110 600
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
Jubbal 18 23 250 9 1.50 12.50
Lift 2 3 50 2 0.50 2.50
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 16 20 200 7 1 10
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
Mashobra 9 9 18 - - -
Lift 9 9 18 - - -
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl - - - - - -
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
Nankheri 5 13 55 1 15 150
Lift - - - 1 15 150
Tubewell - - - - - -
Kuhl 5 13 55 - - -
Canal - - - - - -
Tank - - - - - -
77
Table 4.19 cont...
Block/schemes Functional Non-functional No. Annual
funds required
Funds required for complete overhauling
No. Annual funds required
Funds required for complete overhauling
Narkanda 10 30 400 - - - Lift - - - - - - Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl 10 30 400 Canal - - - - - - Tank - - - - - - Other - - - - - -
Rohroo 13 10 50 10 10 50 Lift 1 2 10 Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl 2 2 10 10 10 50 Canal - - - - - - Tank 10 6 30
Rampur 15 2.20 12 Lift - - - - - - Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl 5 2 10 Canal - - - - - - Tank 10 0.20 2
Theog 5 19.50 159.25 - - - Lift 5 19.50 159.25 - - - Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl - - - - - - Canal - - - - - - Tank - - - - - -
District 169 155.20 1436.25 91 139.04 853.50 Lift 25 56 382.25 9 17.65 164.50 Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl 74 92.80 1020 32 121.24 666 Canal - - - - - - Tank 70 6.40 34 50 0.15 23
Source: Field survey, 2007-08
78
Tab
le 4
.20
Blo
ck-w
ise
Var
ieta
l and
Tec
hnol
ogic
al P
robl
ems o
f Mai
n C
rops
(Per
cen
t of P
anch
ayat
s) in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t
Sr.
No.
C
rops
/ Pro
blem
s B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
eri
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
M
aize
1 L
ack
of h
igh
yiel
ding
va
riet
y/ c
ompo
site
se
eds
20
30
40
20
10
40
20
30
40
20
27
2 L
ack
of ir
riga
tion
in
drou
ght p
erio
d 60
10
30
20
40
50
40
20
50
30
35
3 W
ild a
nim
als
men
ace
80
60
50
80
50
50
60
80
70
80
66
4 St
ray
cattl
e pr
oble
ms
40
30
20
30
20
30
20
30
40
50
31
5 L
ack
of s
oil t
estin
g fa
cilit
ies
50
60
40
30
40
30
30
40
30
20
37
6 A
ttack
of
inse
ct, p
est,
dise
ases
and
wee
d in
fest
atio
n
60
20
30
20
30
40
20
30
40
30
32
Pa
ddy
1 So
il er
osio
n fr
om
khud
s 20
30
60
40
10
20
40
60
20
33.3
3
2 Ir
riga
tion
prob
lem
s
60
20
40
30
60
80
30
20
50
43
.33
3 A
ttack
of
inse
ct, p
est,
dise
ases
and
wee
d in
fest
atio
n
30
20
30
20
10
20
30
20
40
24
.44
4 N
on-a
vaila
bilit
y of
im
prov
ed v
arie
ties
50
60
40
30
40
50
30
30
40
41.1
1
5 Po
or k
now
ledg
e ab
out
the
tech
nica
l kno
w-
how
40
40
30
20
40
30
40
20
30
32
.11
6 L
osse
s in
sto
rage
30
20
30
30
30
20
20
30
40
27.7
8
79
Table 4.20 cont....
Wheat
1 Lack of improved variety seeds
30 40 30 20 30 40 30 40 30 30 32
2 Drought conditions/ Lack of irrigation facilities
60 20 20 20 30 40 30 20 30 20 29
3 Weed infestation and attack of insect pest and diseases
50 50 30 60 40 30 20 30 40 10 36
4 Planting techniques are not followed
40 20 30 20 30 40 30 40 40 30 32
5 Monkey and animal menace
40 30 20 40 20 20 30 40 40 40 32
Barley 1 Lack of improved
variety seeds 40 50 40 30 40 30 40 50 40 40 40
2 Lack of technical know-how
40 40 30 30 40 30 30 40 30 30 34
3 Weed infestation 20 10 20 20 20 20 30 30 40 20 23 4 Weed infestation and
attack of insect, pest and diseases
20 10 20 30 20 20 20 30 40 20 23
Pulses 1 Lack of improved
variety and quality seeds
40 30 30 20 30 40 40 30 40 30 33
2 Lack of technical know-how
30 30 30 20 30 30 30 40 40 30 31
3 Weed infestation and attack of insect, pest and diseases
40 10 20 30 20 10 10 20 30 20 21
4 Lack of irrigation facilities
30 5 10 20 10 10 5 10 20 5 12.5
5 Farmers are still growing traditional varieties
40 50 40 30 40 50 30 40 30 20 37
6 Low yield due to imbalanced use of phosphorus fertilizers
50 40 30 50 30 30 40 50 40 50 41
80
Table 4.20 cont...
Oilseeds 1 Lack of improved
variety seeds 60 50 50 30 20 40 30 50 50 40 42
2 Lack of technical know-how
50 40 40 30 30 30 30 40 40 30 36
3 Non-availability of timely & quality seeds
30 40 40 20 20 30 30 30 30 20 29
4 Attack of insect, pest and diseases
40 20 30 30 20 10 20 10 20 10 21
5 Stray cattle problem
40 20 10 20 20 10 20 30 40 20 23
6 Farmers still practising traditional varieties and practices
50 70 60 40 50 60 50 60 50 30 52
Vegetables 1 Lack of improved
variety seeds 40 70 60 40 50 40 30 50 50 20 45
2 Lack of technical know-how
30 60 50 30 50 30 20 40 40 20 37
3 Lack of timely availability of seeds
30 40 30 20 30 20 10 30 30 30 27
4 Farmers are practising the monoculture with tomato
80 60 80 60 50 40 40 60 70 60 60
5 Rainfed conditions 80 50 60 70 50 40 40 60 80 50 58 6 Attack of insect,
pest and diseases 70 30 20 30 40 50 60 50 70 40 46
7 Yield is very poor in some areas of the district
60 40 30 40 50 60 70 40 60 30 48
81
Table 4.20 cont...
Potato 1 Non-availability of
improved variety seeds
40 60 50 40 30 40 40 60 50 20 43
2 Lack of technical know-how
50 40 40 30 40 50 50 60 50 20 43
3 Irrigation problem 60 10 20 20 10 20 10 20 30 10 21 4 Attack of insect,
pest and diseases 50 10 20 20 30 30 30 20 40 40 29
5 Poor yielding varieties
20 50 60 30 20 40 40 50 60 20 39
Peas 1 Non-availability of
improved variety seeds
50 60 60 40 30 50 50 60 70 30 50
2 Attack of insect, pest and diseases
40 20 30 40 20 20 20 30 40 20 28
3 High prices of seed in the market
50 60 70 30 30 40 40 50 60 40 47
Tomato 1 Lack of improved
variety of seeds 40 50 40 20 30 30 30 40 50 20 35
2 Lack of technical know-how
40 50 40 50 40 60 50 40 50 30 45
3 Lack of irrigation facilities
60 50 40 40 50 60 50 40 60 40 49
4 Monoculture 10 5 30 10 40 5 5 20 20 10 15.5 5 Non availability of
staking material 50 5 20 30 40 5 5 20 20 10 20.5
6 Attack of insect, pest and diseases
60 50 40 50 60 60 60 50 40 50 52
Table 4.20 cont...
Cabbage/ Cauliflower
1 Lack of improved variety of seed
60 70 60 40 30 50 40 60 50 20 48
2 Lack of technical know-how
40 50 50 40 40 40 30 50 50 30 42
3 Attack of insect, pest and diseases and weed infestation
80 40 50 50 30 40 30 40 60 30 45
Capsicum 1 Attack of insect
pest and diseases 50 40 50 40 30 40 40 50 40 60 44
Lady finger 1 Attack of insect,
pest and diseases 40 30 40 30 20 30 30 40 30 50 34
Source: Field survey, 2007-08
82
Tab
le 4
.21
Blo
ck-w
ise
Var
ieta
l and
Tec
hnol
ogic
al In
terv
entio
ns fo
r Im
prov
ing
Prod
uctio
n of
Maj
or C
rops
(Per
cen
t of
Panc
haya
ts) i
n Sh
imla
Dis
tric
t
Sr.
No.
C
rops
/ Int
erve
ntio
ns
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
kher
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
M
aize
1 T
imel
y su
pply
of
HY
Vs
seed
s su
itabl
e to
are
a
20
30
40
20
10
40
20
30
40
20
27
2 St
reng
then
ing
of
irri
gatio
n sy
stem
: -C
onst
ruct
ion
of w
ater
ha
rves
ting
tank
, pe
rcol
atio
n po
nd, e
tc.
-Ins
talla
tion
&
impr
ovem
ent o
f lif
t ir
riga
tion
sche
mes
60
10
30
20
40
50
40
20
50
30
35
3 Fe
ncin
g of
the
culti
vate
d la
nd,
ster
iliza
tion
prog
ram
me
for
mon
key
and
open
ing
up o
f pl
aces
like
m
onke
y vi
har,
etc.
80
60
50
80
50
50
60
80
70
80
66
4 O
peni
ng u
p of
pla
ces
like
gosa
dan
and
sim
ilar
for
othe
r an
imal
s
40
30
20
30
20
30
20
30
40
50
31
5 Pr
ovis
ion
of f
acili
ties
and
man
pow
er f
or s
oil
test
ing
50
60
40
30
40
30
30
40
30
20
37
6 A
war
enes
s ab
out
mec
hani
cal ,
che
mic
al
and
biol
ogic
al c
ontr
ol
of in
sect
pes
t
60
20
30
20
30
40
20
30
40
30
32
83
Table 4.21 cont…
Paddy 1 Construction of spur, check dams,
etc. in the outskirts of cultivated area.
20 30 60 40 10 20 40 60 20 33.33
2 Improvement in irrigation facilities / strengthening of existing irrigation system & installation, improvement of irrigation schemes.
60 20 40 30 60 80 30 20 50 43.33
3 Awareness about mechanical , chemical and biological control of insect pest
30 20 30 20 10 20 30 20 40 24.44
4 Timely provision of HYVs seed suitable to area
50 60 40 30 40 50 30 30 40 41.11
5 Organization of demonstration and training camps on latest technology of paddy cultivation
40 40 30 20 40 30 40 20 30 32.11
6 Organization of training on storage technology
30 20 30 30 30 20 20 30 40 27.78
Wheat 1 Timely provision of HYVs seeds 30 40 30 20 30 40 30 40 30 30 32 2 Provision of sufficient irrigation
facilities through strengthening lift irrigation schemes.
60 20 20 20 30 40 30 20 30 20 29
3 Awareness of farmers by demonstration/training
50 50 30 60 40 30 20 30 40 10 36
4 Fencing of the cultivated land, sterilization programme for monkey
40 30 20 40 20 20 30 40 40 40 32
Barley 1 Timely provision of improved
HYVs seed the farmers 40 50 40 30 40 30 40 50 40 40 40
2 Demonstration, training and exposure visits
40 40 30 30 40 30 30 40 30 30 34
3 Awareness about herbicide use 20 10 20 20 20 20 30 30 40 20 23 4 Awareness about pest control 20 10 20 30 20 20 20 30 40 20 23 Pulses 1 Provision of HYVs and quality
seeds 40 30 30 20 30 40 40 30 40 30 33
2 Technical know-how by field demonstrations, trainings & exposure visits
30 30 30 20 30 30 30 40 40 30 31
3 Awareness about pest control through demonstration/training and soil testing facilities
40 10 20 30 20 10 10 20 30 20 21
4 Provision of proper and improved irrigation facilities
30 5 10 20 10 10 5 10 20 5 12.5
5 Awareness about latest varieties and their comparative advantage
40 50 40 30 40 50 30 40 30 20 37
6 Timely supply & use of fertilizers 50 40 30 50 30 30 40 50 40 50 41 Oilseeds 1 Timely supply of HYVs and
quality seeds 60 50 50 30 20 40 30 50 50 40 42
2 Awareness about the technical 50 40 40 30 30 30 30 40 40 30 36
84
know-how 3 Supply of good quality seeds to the
farmers 30 40 40 20 20 30 30 30 30 20 29
4 Awareness about pest/disease control
40 20 30 30 20 10 20 10 20 10 21
5 Fencing of the cultivated land, opening up of gosadan and tagging of the animals
40 20 10 20 20 10 20 30 40 20 23
6 Awareness about technical know-how and comparative advantage of the improved HYVs by field demonstrations and trainings.
50 70 60 40 50 60 50 60 50 30 52
Vegetables 1 Strengthening the input supply
mechanism 40 70 60 40 50 40 30 50 50 20 45
2 Awareness about the technical know-how through field demonstration and trainings
30 60 50 30 50 30 20 40 40 20 37
3 Strengthening of input supply mechanism
30 40 30 20 30 20 10 30 30 30 27
4 Awareness about the economic returns of other vegetable crops for diversification
80 60 80 60 50 40 40 60 70 60 60
5 Irrigation facilities through construction of water harvesting tanks and for protected cultivations
80 50 60 70 50 40 40 60 80 50 58
6 Awareness about IPM techniques through trainings, demonstrations and exposure visits
70 30 20 30 40 50 60 50 70 40 46
7 Provision of proper package and practices of different crops to the farmers
60 40 30 40 50 60 70 40 60 30 48
Potato 1 Strengthening of input supply
mechanism 40 60 50 40 30 40 40 60 50 20 43
2 Facilities for mobility of extension staff
50 40 40 30 40 50 50 60 50 20 43
3 Irrigation facilities through construction of water harvesting tanks and for protected cultivation
60 10 20 20 10 20 10 20 30 10 21
4 Awareness about IPM techniques through trainings, demonstrations and exposure visits
50 10 20 20 30 30 30 20 40 40 29
5 R & D efforts to develop area specific varieties
20 50 60 30 20 40 40 50 60 20 39
Peas (green) 1 Timely availability of HYV and
quality seeds 50 60 60 40 30 50 50 60 70 30 50
2 Training & demonstration about mechanical , chemical and biological control of the pest management
40 20 30 40 20 20 20 30 40 20 28
3 Subsidizing seeds and improving input supply mechanism
50 60 70 30 30 40 40 50 60 40 47
Tomato
85
1 Timely supply of HYV and quality seeds and strengthening of input supply mechanism
40 50 40 20 30 30 30 40 50 20 35
2 Facilities for mobility of extension staff and provision of technical know-how
40 50 40 50 40 60 50 40 50 30 45
3 Irrigation facilities through construction of water harvesting tanks and for protected cultivations
60 50 40 40 50 60 50 40 60 40 49
4 Awareness about the economic returns of other vegetable crops for diversification
10 5 30 10 40 5 5 20 20 10 15.5
5 Provision of proper staking material about other relevant sources to farmers
50 5 20 30 40 5 5 20 20 10 20.5
6 Awareness about mechanical , chemical and biological control of insect pest
60 50 40 50 60 60 60 50 40 50 52
Cabbage/ Cauliflower 1 Timely supply of HYVs and
quality seeds by improving input supply mechanism
60 70 60 40 30 50 40 60 50 20 48
2 Demonstration and training camps for providing technical know-how and transportation facilities to extension workers
40 50 50 40 40 40 30 50 50 30 42
3 Mechanical , chemical and biological control of pests and weeds
80 40 50 50 30 40 30 40 60 30 45
Capsicum 1 Awareness and training about
mechanical , chemical and biological control of the pests and diseases
50 40 50 40 30 40 40 50 40 60 44
Lady finger 1 Awareness about mechanical ,
chemical and biological control 40 30 40 30 20 30 30 40 30 50 34
Source: Field survey, 2007-08
86
Tab
le 4
.22
Blo
ck-w
ise
Est
imat
ed Y
ield
s and
Yie
ld G
aps i
n C
rops
of S
him
la D
istr
ict (
Q/ H
a)
Cro
ps
Part
icul
ars
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t M
aize
E
xper
imen
t st
atio
n yi
eld
40
45.0
40
.0
40.0
45
.0
40.0
40
.0
45.0
45
.0
45.0
42
.50
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
30
35.0
30
.0
19.0
40
.0
19.0
21
.0
34.0
33
.0
42.0
30
.3
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d
18.0
27
.0
26.0
12
.0
30.0
13
.0
13.0
24
.0
23.0
32
.0
21.8
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
22
.0
18.0
14
.0
28.0
15
.0
27.0
27
.0
21.0
22
.0
13.0
40
.32
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
12.0
8.
0 4.
0 7.
0 10
.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
10
.0
10.0
8.
5
Padd
y E
xper
imen
t st
atio
n yi
eld
44.0
44
.0
44.0
44
.0
30.0
30
.0
30.0
44
.0
44.0
-
35.4
0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
38.0
34
.0
21.0
25
.0
13.0
15
.0
6.0
34.0
40
.0
29
.6
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 35
.0
30.0
15
.0
20.0
10
.0
12.0
3.
0 25
.0
30.0
23.9
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
9.
0 14
.0
29.0
24
.0
20.0
18
.0
27.0
19
.0
14.0
33.0
2
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
3.0
4.0
6.0
5.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
9.0
10.0
0.
0 5.
7
Whe
at
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 40
.0
40.0
30
.0
30.0
40
.0
30.0
30
.0
40.0
30
.0
40.0
35
.00
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
32.0
30
.0
20.0
23
.0
25.0
19
.0
14.0
33
.0
15.0
33
.0
24.4
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 21
.0
22.0
13
.0
17.0
20
.0
13.0
10
.0
30.0
12
.0
23.0
18
.1
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
19
.0
18.0
17
.0
13.0
20
.0
17.0
20
.0
10.0
18
.0
17.0
33
.19
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
11.0
8.
0 7.
0 6.
0 5.
0 6.
0 4.
0 3.
0 3.
0 10
.0
6.3
Bar
ley
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 30
.0
40.0
30
.0
30.0
40
.0
30.0
30
.0
30.0
30
.0
40.0
33
.00
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
25.0
30
.0
17.0
21
.0
30.0
20
.0
13.0
28
.0
18.0
31
.0
23.5
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 15
.0
22.0
14
.0
18.0
21
.0
12.0
9.
0 16
.0
15.0
21
.0
17.0
87
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
15
.0
18.0
16
.0
12.0
19
.0
18.0
21
.0
14.0
15
.0
19.0
31
.30
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
10.0
8.
0 3.
0 3.
0 9.
0 8.
0 4.
0 12
.0
3.0
10.0
6.
5
Raj
mas
h E
xper
imen
t st
atio
n yi
eld
20.0
20
.0
20.0
20
.0
20.0
20
.0
20.0
20
.0
20.0
20
.0
20.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
15.0
15
.0
13.0
12
.0
12.0
12
.0
15.0
13
.0
12.0
18
.0
13.5
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 10
.0
12.0
10
.0
8.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
10.0
9.
0 13
.0
9.0
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
10
.0
8.0
10.0
12
.0
11.0
13
.0
13.0
10
.0
11.0
7.
0 11
.0
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
5.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
5.0
8.0
3.0
3.0
5.0
4.5
Mun
g/
Mas
h E
xper
imen
t st
atio
n yi
eld
12.0
12
.0
10.0
10
.0
10.0
12
.0
12.0
12
.0
10.0
12
.0
11.2
0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
10.0
10
.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
8.0
10.0
8.
5
A
ctua
l/ av
erag
e yi
eld
6.0
7.0
4.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
5.0
7.0
5.7
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
6.
0 5.
0 6.
0 4.
0 4.
0 8.
0 7.
0 5.
0 5.
0 5.
0 10
.63
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
2.8
Mus
tard
E
xper
imen
t st
atio
n yi
eld
10.0
10
.0
10.0
10
.0
10.0
10
.0
10.0
10
.0
10.0
10
.0
10.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
6.0
6.0
7.0
7.0
5.5
6.0
4.0
8.0
7.0
9.0
6.6
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 4.
0 3.
0 3.
0 4.
0 4.
5 5.
0 2.
0 6.
0 5.
0 7.
0 4.
4
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
6.
0 7.
0 7.
0 6.
0 5.
5 5.
0 8.
0 4.
0 5.
0 3.
0 5.
7
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
2.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.2
Pota
to
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 17
5.0
175.
0 17
5.0
175.
0 17
5.0
175.
0 17
5.0
175.
0 17
5.0
175.
0 17
5.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
170.
0 16
6.0
160.
0 12
0.0
112.
0 71
.0
96.0
15
8.0
104.
0 10
2.0
125.
9
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 16
8.0
141.
0 15
6.0
61.0
86
.0
50.0
52
.0
131.
0 81
.0
78.0
87
.7
88
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
7.
0 34
.0
19.0
11
4.0
89.0
12
5.0
123.
0 44
.0
94.0
97
.0
87.3
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
2.0
25.0
4.
0 59
.0
26.0
21
.0
44.0
27
.0
23.0
24
.0
38.2
Peas
(gre
en)
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 12
5.0
125.
0 12
5.0
125.
0 12
5.0
125.
0 12
5.0
125.
0 12
5.0
125.
0 12
5.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
122.
0 95
.0
82.0
85
.0
96.0
84
.0
74.0
10
3.0
112.
0 58
.0
91.1
A
ctua
l/ av
erag
e yi
eld
100.
0 59
.0
50.0
56
.0
58.0
55
.0
60.0
83
.0
105.
0 48
.0
67.4
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
25
.0
66.0
75
.0
69.0
67
.0
70.0
65
.0
42.0
20
.0
77.0
57
.6
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
22.0
36
.0
32.0
29
.0
38.0
29
.0
14.0
20
.0
7.0
10.0
23
.7
Tom
ato
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 37
5.0
375.
0 37
5.0
500.
0 50
0.0
- -
- 37
5.0
375.
0 41
0.7
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
312.
0 15
0.0
85.0
40
0.0
425.
0 -
- -
219.
0 18
8.0
254.
1
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 22
9.0
63.0
61
.0
312.
0 27
0.0
17
2.0
88.0
17
0.7
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
14
6.0
312.
0 31
4.0
188.
0 23
0.0
20
3.0
287.
0 24
0.0
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
83.0
87
.0
24.0
88
.0
155.
0
47.0
10
0.0
83.4
Cab
bage
E
xper
imen
t st
atio
n yi
eld
300.
0 30
0.0
300.
0 50
0.0
500.
0
500.
0
300.
0 40
0.0
387.
5
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
200.
0 21
3.0
260.
0 42
5.0
406.
0
313.
0
200.
0 27
3.0
286.
0
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 13
8.0
117.
0 24
0.0
312.
0 31
3.0
18
8.0
12
5.0
188.
0 20
2.6
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap
(1-3
) 16
2.0
183.
0 60
.0
188.
0 18
7.0
0.0
312.
0 0.
0 17
5.0
212.
0 18
4.9
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
62.0
96
.0
20.0
11
3.0
93.0
0.
0 12
5.0
0.0
75.0
85
.0
83.4
Cau
liflo
wer
E
xper
imen
t st
atio
n yi
eld
300.
0 30
0.0
300.
0 30
0.0
300.
0
300.
0
30
0.0
300.
0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
150.
0 13
2.0
259.
0 25
0.0
268.
0
260.
0
26
5.0
226.
3
A
ctua
l/ av
erag
e yi
eld
113.
0 11
3.0
219.
0 20
0.0
231.
0
188.
0
22
5.0
184.
2
89
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap
(1-3
) 18
7.0
187.
0 81
.0
100.
0 69
.0
0.0
112.
0 0.
0 0.
0 75
.0
115.
8
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
37.0
19
.0
40.0
50
.0
37.0
0.
0 72
.0
0.0
0.0
40.0
42
.1
Bea
ns
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 12
5.0
125.
0 12
5.0
125.
0 12
5.0
12
5.0
12
5.0
125.
0 12
5.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
83.0
63
.0
88.0
70
.0
100.
0
78.0
113.
0 10
8.0
87.9
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 63
.0
56.0
50
.0
50.0
51
.0
58
.0
10
1.0
95.0
65
.5
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap
(1-3
) 62
.0
69.0
75
.0
75.0
74
.0
0.0
67.0
0.
0 24
.0
30.0
59
.5
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
20.0
7.
0 38
.0
20.0
49
.0
0.0
20.0
0.
0 12
.0
13.0
22
.4
Cap
sicu
m
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 15
0.0
15
0.0
15
0.0
15
0.0
150.
0 15
0.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
100.
0
140.
0
79.0
100.
0 84
.0
100.
6
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 71
.0
10
8.0
63
.0
53
.0
40.0
67
.0
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap
(1-3
) 79
.0
0.0
42.0
0.
0 87
.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
97.0
11
0.0
83.0
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
29.0
0.
0 32
.0
0.0
16.0
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 47
.0
44.0
33
.6
Lad
y fin
ger
E
xper
imen
t st
atio
n yi
eld
14
0.0
140.
0
140.
0
140.
0
140.
0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
12
4.0
127.
0
85.0
80.0
104.
0
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d
100.
0 82
.0
60
.0
60
.0
75
.5
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
40.0
58
.0
0.0
80.0
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 80
.0
0.0
64.5
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
24
.0
45.0
0.
0 25
.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.0
0.
0 28
.5
Bri
njal
E
xper
imen
t st
atio
n yi
eld
250.
0
250.
0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
131.
0
131.
0
A
ctua
l/ av
erag
e yi
eld
81.0
81.0
90
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap
(1-3
)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
169.
0 0.
0 16
9.0
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 50
.0
0.0
50.0
Cuc
urbi
ts
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d
20
0.0
20
0.0
200.
0 20
0.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
120.
0
125.
0 11
7.0
120.
7
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d
88
.0
10
0.0
81.0
89
.7
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap
(1-3
)
0.0
112.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 10
0.0
119.
0 11
0.3
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
0.
0 32
.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.0
36
.0
31.0
Gin
ger
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 20
0.0
200.
0 20
0.0
20
0.0
20
0.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
100.
0 12
8.0
128.
0
96.0
113.
0
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 75
.0
69.0
69
.0
67
.0
70
.0
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap
(1-3
) 12
5.0
131.
0 13
1.0
0.0
133.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 13
0.0
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
25.0
59
.0
59.0
0.
0 29
.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
43.0
Gar
lic
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 20
0.0
20
0.0
200.
0 20
0.0
20
0.0
200.
0 20
0.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
150.
0
163.
0 17
5.0
113.
0
150.
0 12
5.0
146.
0
A
ctua
l/
aver
age
yiel
d 12
5.0
98
.0
125.
0 81
.0
93
.0
75.0
99
.5
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap
(1-3
) 75
.0
0.0
102.
0 75
.0
119.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 10
7.0
125.
0 10
0.5
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
25
0 65
50
32
0
0 0
57
50
47
Oni
on
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d 20
0.0
20
0.0
20
0.0
200.
0 20
0.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
125.
0
80.0
144.
0 14
4.0
123.
3
A
ctua
l/
100
.0
6
0.0
5
1.0
51.
0 6
5.5
91
aver
age
yiel
d
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap (
1-3)
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
140.
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 14
9.0
149.
0 13
4.5
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-
3)
25.0
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 20
.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
93.0
93
.0
57.8
Col
ocas
ia
Exp
erim
ent
stat
ion
yiel
d
10
0.0
10
0.0
10
0.0
Pr
ogre
ssiv
e
farm
er’s
yie
lds
150.
0
200.
0
175.
0
A
ctua
l/ av
erag
e yi
eld
125.
0
150.
0
137.
5
Yi
eld
Gap
s
I
Yie
ld g
ap
(1-3
)
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.0
0.
0 0.
0 0.
0 50
.0
0.0
37.5
II
Y
ield
gap
(2-3
) 40
.0
45.0
40
.0
40.0
45
.0
40.0
40
.0
45.0
45
.0
45.0
42
5.0
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
93
Chapter- V
ALLIED AGRICULTURAL SECTORS
The economy of Himachal Pradesh is predominantly dependent upon agriculture and in the absence of strong industrial base, any fluctuations in the agriculture and its allied sectors like horticulture, animal husbandry, fishery, bee-keeping, sericulture, etc., cause serious implications for overall economic growth changes in economic growth also. During 2006-07 about 17.80 per cent of state income was contributed by agriculture sector alone. The structural composition of the state economy witnessed significant changes during the decade. The share of agriculture including horticulture and animal husbandry in state GDP has declined from 26.5 per cent in 1990-91 to 17.80 per cent in 2006-07 yet, the agriculture sector continues to occupy a significant place in the state economy and Shimla district is no exception. The district contributed 4.35 per cent in food grains, 16.19 per cent in vegetables, 24.25 per cent in horticultural produce and more than 11 per cent in milk and milk production of the state. Therefore, a high growth rate of 7.18 per cent per annum in net state domestic product originating from agricultural sector was contributed by this district especially from horticulture and livestock sectors. Keeping in view this background, the present chapter discusses different aspects such as existing status, potential, problems/ constraints and interventions that restrict the potential growth of these sectors in different blocks of the district.
5.1 Horticulture
The rich diversity of agro-climatic conditions, topographical variations and altitudinal differences coupled with fertile deep and well drained soils favour the cultivation of temperate to sub-tropical fruits like apple, pear, stone fruits, nuts to sub-tropical fruits like mango and chikoo, etc.
The district is known for fruit crops, as block wise area under different fruit crops in Shimla district (Table 5.1) revealed that the share of area under fruit crops was 36.99 per cent of the total cropped area. The rest of the area was under agricultural crops. Apple (vigorous + spur) attained maximum area 83.11 per cent (29,092.27 ha + 1,574.01 ha, respectively) among all the fruit crops followed by almond (1,523 ha), pear (1,481.14 ha), apricot (669.16 ha.), plum (600.11 ha) and kagzi lime (460.26 ha.), etc.
However, among different blocks, Jubbal had maximum area under apple vigorous and apple spur (5,857.05 and 286.54 ha, respectively) whereas, at block level, apple had maximum acreage in all blocks. However, no particular crop had the second highest acreage in different blocks. In Basantpur, the crop second in acreage was kagzi lime, in Chirgaon, apple spur (153.15 ha) was the second crop with highest acreage followed by almond (131.83 ha.). Similar pattern was observed in Chopal and Narkanda whereas in Jubbal, second highest area was under pear (456.40 ha) followed by apple spur (286.54 ha.). In Mashobra, pear (255.69 ha.) attained the second
94
highest area followed by almond (161.49 ha.). In case of Nankhari, almond (93.0 ha.) had the second highest area followed by apple spur. In Rohroo, area under apple spur (198.86 ha) was the second highest followed by apricot (90.36 ha). In Rampur, the second position in area was shared by apple spur, plum and almond at 100 ha followed by apricot (90 ha). In Theog block, the second highest area was under almond (382.03 ha) followed by apple spur (198.38 ha.). The above block wise discussion of fruit crops revealed that the area under fruit crops was lowest in Basantpur because its maximum area falls in low attitude. Therefore, it is suggested that dwarf apple varieties and other location specific fruit plants should be promoted for low areas of the district.
A number of schemes are being implemented to exploit the potential for horticultural development in the district under the umbrella project of National Horticulture Technology Mission. The details regarding these schemes in terms of number of villages covered, beneficiaries covered, total budget and status of their implementation in all 10 blocks of the district have been given in Table 5.2. The table shows that 22 villages were covered under these schemes with a total budget of Rs. 1.43 crores that are being implemented in the district. Out of these schemes, ten villages were covered in Rohroo block and four in Basantpur and one each in other blocks. The total additional fund required to complete the work would be Rs. 9.40 crores. The details on existing status and potential in terms of area, production and number of households growing different horticultural crops in different blocks have been presented in Table 5.3. The table shows that it is leading in apple in the state and all blocks have the highest potential. However, scope of other fruit crops like pear, stone fruit, nuts, other temperate fruit, citrus, mango and other sub-tropical fruit is also good. However, Basantpur, Chopal, Mashobra, Narkanda and Rampur blocks have high potential to grow sub-tropical fruit provided latest technical know-how is provided to the growers.
5.2 Animal Husbandry
The details of the existing schemes for livestock improvement have been presented in Table 5.4. The table shows that there were 16 villages covered in livestock improvement schemes in the district with a total budget provision of Rs. 52 lakhs. Across blocks, 2 villages were covered in Chopal, 4 each were covered in Nankhari and Theog and 6 in Rampur. The additional funds required to complete the incomplete schemes and additional work of the livestock improvement amounted to Rs. 1.82 crores. Table 5.5 shows that livestock population in the year 2003 was 5.495 lakhs, out of which the share of cow was as high as about 56 per cent, followed by sheep and goat (about 36 per cent), poultry birds (about 4.14 per cent), buffaloes (about 3 per cent) and equines (1.21 per cent). The share of crossbred cattle was very high (29.18 per cent). This proportion was low except in Chirgaon and Basantpur blocks.
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5.3 Fisheries
Shimla is a low fish producing district in the state. The total fish produced in this district was 168 metric tonnes which accounted for 2.44 per cent of the state. The details of the existing schemes that are being implemented to boost fish production in respect of ponds has been given in Table 5.6. Table shows that 3 households were farming fish in Chirgaon and one in Chopal. The potential households were 74. Number of ponds constructed (Table 5.7) for fish farming was 19 and the potential could be up to 120 ponds in the district. The district has potential in farming for trout, silver, carp, catla, grass carp and mrigal. The major constraints in the development of cultured fisheries included technical know-how, diseases and construction of ponds which needed intervention of financial assistance and subsidies to boost fish production in the district. There is high scope to trout rearing in some blocks that can be sold at premium price in the local markets. To harness this potential, the major interventions have been depicted in Table 5.8.
5.4 Sericulture
This activity has not attained momentum in the district due to low possibility of growing mulberry trees in higher hills where climate is too cold and alternative source of income is other high-value commercial crops. However, in lower areas of the district like Basantpur, Chirgaon Chopal, Rampur and Rohroo block where this activity is being practiced it can be a good source of income to the farmers, provided technical know-how is given to them.
5.5 Organic Farming
Some of the farmers in Shimla district have started organic farming as it is fetching them good returns with no extra cost. Areas of Chopal near to Dehradun avail the ready market for their organic produce in Uttarakhand state. These areas have comparative advantage in organic farming because of low/ no fertilizer and chemical use by default.
5.6 Floriculture
Flowers are grown by few farmers under protected cultivation in about 14 hectares of land in the district. The concentration of cultivators is more in adjoining areas of Shimla. Being highly perishable commodities and Shimla being close to ready markets having easy transportation facilities, flower industry holds great potential in the district.
5.7 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Shimla district is rich in medicinal and aromatic plants which are easily available in forest and pasture lands. Although, their cultivation on farmers’ field was negligible, but there is good scope for their cultivation provided technical, financial and marketing facilities are made available to the farmers.
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5.8 Mushroom
This district is most suitable for growing mushroom because of its low temperature and climate suitability. Also, the district is well linked with markets within and outside the state. There were 19 units, out of which 6 were in Mashobra block. This enterprise can be boosted with the support of proposed financial outlay of Rs. 43 lakhs and through training and demonstration programme. The existing and potential status of mushroom cultivation in Shimla district has been depicted in Table 5.34
5.9 Bee Keeping
The district is rich in flora and this favours the bee-keeping enterprise. It has gained importance with the increasing emphasis on horticulture development in the recent past. With the increase in area under fruit, sufficient bee flora is produced during the flowering season. There were 159 beneficiaries in the district (Table 5.35). On an average, each beneficiary had more than 100 bee colonies. It can be seen from the table that in most of the blocks, there existed sufficient number of bee colonies as per the recommendation of 4 to 5 colonies per hectare for proper and effective pollination of the fruit crops. However, in few blocks, namely, Narkanda followed by Mashobra, Theog, Rampur and Nankhari, etc., the existence of bee colonies was insufficient indicating that these blocks needed special attention for the improvement of the enterprise. On the whole, about 188 beneficiaries needed financial support of about Rs. 41 lakhs to keep 18,800 additional bee colonies in the district.
5.10 Agro-Eco-Tourism
Shimla was the summer capital during the British rule. They developed the area’s sceneric beauty and gave it an identity as the tourist place worth seeing. Tourism industry in Himachal Pradesh has been given high priority and an appropriate infrastructure has been developed for it. In the year 2007-08, an allotment of Rs. 8.25 crores has been made for its development in the state. In this district, the work of Jakhoo ropeway is in progress. A sum of Rs. 9 crores was sanctioned for the extension of the Shimla airport. The length of runway has been increased from 3800 feet to 4100 feet and an approach road from Tara Devi to Shimla air port has been constructed. In this district, Jakhu, Chadwik fall, Prospect Hill, Tara Devi, Mashobra, Fagu, Narkanda, Kotgarh, Rohroo, Hatkoti, Sarahan and Chail, etc., are important tourist places. These are already well known tourist places which have great potential of tourist’s attraction along with agro-eco tourism which can be developed at block level across the district provided proper training and financial assistance is imparted to the farmers.
5.11 Marketing of Agricultural Produce
Marketing is essential for full or near full employment. In order to have continuous production, there must be efficient marketing. The details regarding marketing of agricultural produce of
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Shimla district in terms of total production, consumption, marketed surplus and post-harvest losses have been presented in Table 5.9. The details revealed that the district was deficient in food-grains in most of the blocks except a few. The growers of the blocks having surplus sold it in the local or distant markets within the district. The post-harvest losses were negligible, accounting for around 3.5 per cent in cereals and 1.7 per cent in pulses of the total production. There was no surplus in oilseeds at block level. The surplus at the farmers’ level in a few panchayats was sold in local markets and consumed within the block. The potato and vegetables were the major commercial agricultural crops of the district. About 77 per cent of the total potato produced was sold in local and distant-markets within and outside the state for seed as well as table purpose. At the district level, more than one per cent post- harvest losses were recorded in this crop. However, in vegetables, more than 97 per cent produce was marketed and post-harvest losses accounted for about one per cent of the total produce. The proportion of marketed surplus was 80 per cent with one per cent post- harvest losses in spices and condiments.
The horticulture is the backbone of this district. Among fruit crops, apple is the most important fruit crop of this district and accounted for 90 per cent of the total fruit produced in the district. The production and disposal of horticultural produce have been shown in Table 5.10. In apple, about 99 per cent of the produce was marketed in the local and distant markets within and outside the state. Among the marketed produce, maximum produce was sold outside the state. In this crop, one per cent each was consumed at home and post- harvest losses (Table 5.9.) In stone fruit, 99 per cent of the produce was marketed and 2 per cent of post-harvest losses were recorded. However, low production of pear, nuts, other temperate fruit, citrus, mango and other sub- tropical fruit in the district resulted in low proportion of marketed surplus (90 per cent). The post-harvest losses have been accounted for at 2 per cent in pear, mango and other temperate fruit and one per cent in citrus. The highest post-harvest losses have been accounted for (5 per cent) in sub-tropical fruit due to their low production in the district.
The table also revealed that most of the produce was exported to markets of the other states. To safe-guard the interests of the farming community, it is suggested that the modern regulated markets should be established in different locations of the district.
Dairy production is an integral part of the agricultural produce and is an important part of the earnings of small farm holders in the district. Table 5.11 gives the details on the production and disposal of livestock and livestock products. The data showed that 45 per cent of the total milk was consumed at home and remaining 55 per cent marketed in the nearby markets. However, in case of wool, about 36 per cent of the total produce was marketed locally. Likewise, sufficient number of sheep, goat, cattle/ buffaloes and eggs were being sold within the district. It is noted that Shimla city is itself a big market for milk products. Therefore, there is a need to implement dairy development activities, strengthening of dairy co-operatives and infrastructure for quality and clean milk production in the district which will directly help in employment generation opportunities to the people.
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5.12 Agricultural Infrastructure
Agricultural infrastructure helps to accelerate backward and forward linkages in agriculture as a whole. For regulation of marketing of agricultural produce in the district, Himachal Pradesh Agriculture/ Horticulture Produce Marketing Act, 2005 has been enforced (implemented). Its main objective is to safeguard the interest of the farming community. Eight (8) regulated markets established in different blocks of the district were providing useful services to the farmers (Table 5.12). In addition to these, 5 regulated markets have been proposed in the district. There were 5 market information centres in the district and 7 additional were required. There were also 2 collection centres and 20 were proposed for smoothening of the output marketing system in the district. There were 208 bank branches in the district for better access to institutional credit for small and marginal farmers and other weaker sections to enable them to adopt modern technology and improved agricultural practices. For protecting the people from risk and hazard, there were 8 insurance branches in the district out of which 6 were in Shimla city and one each in Rohroo and Rampur. More than 9 thousand metric tonnes of fertilizers and other inputs were distributed in the district through 30 sale centres of agricultural department, 86 government fertilizer depots, 5 Agro-industry/ IFFCO/ HPMC sale centres and 8 HIMFED’s wholesale centres. Besides these, there were 7 transport unions to smoothen the input-out supply system as has been presented in the Table 5.12. Financial estimates amounting to Rs. 240 lakhs for providing required infrastructure like chilling plants, refrigerated vans and packaging machines for marketing of livestock products have been made (Table 5.13)
Rural markets, roads and bridges are essential ingredients of infrastructure of the district economy (Table 5.14). In the absence of any other suitable and viable modes of transportation like railway and waterways, roads play a vital role in boosting the economy of the district. As can be seen (Table 5.14) about 2, 272 kms of roads constructed by the government at district level was motorable inclusive of jeepable tract. As many as 106 villages were connected through bridges and culverts for smooth marketing of agricultural produce as presented in Table 5.14. On the whole, 55 thousand beneficiaries were benefited through 8 rural markets with the financial outlay of more than Rs. 26 lakhs (Table 5.14.).
5.13 Human Resource Development
The efficiency of the implemented work depends on the adequate and technically trained human resources. The sanctioned and current position on the availability and required technical manpower in different sub-sectors like agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, beekeeping, mushroom, floriculture, fishery and sericulture have been depicted in Table 5.15. The table shows that for the district as a whole, additional 13 per cent personnels were required in different sectors. At present acute shortage of manpower has been recorded in agriculture and horticulture sectors in which more than 40 per cent positions were lying vacant whereas about 8 per cent in animal husbandry sector. There were no sanctioned and positioned posts in other sectors. In all
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sectors at district level, 10 per cent man power on an overall basis were lacking. The financial estimates at given rates required to fill up this gap amounted to Rs. 1158 lakhs (Table 5.16).
5.14 Unemployment and Enterprises for Livelihood
The estimates on the extent of unemployment at different levels of education estimated from survey of different panchayats have been depicted in Table 5.17. It can be seen from the table that the total number of educated unemployed in the district was 3, 88,225 out of which 58 per cent were males and 42 per cent were females. According to the levels of education, about 84 per cent educated up to plus 2 were unemployed, out of which about 56 per cent were matriculate and 28 per cent possessed education up to plus 2 level. The unemployed graduates accounted for 10.5 per cent followed by about 4 per cent post-graduates. The technically trained persons in different trades in the district were only about 2 per cent. There were number of farm and ancillary enterprises where these un-employed could get employment provided required type of assistance in the form of credit, training and marketing facilities were provided to them. The list of enterprises along with the educated persons that could be employed has been displayed in Table 5.18. It can be visualized from the table that horticulture was the mainstay of majority of unemployed followed by marketing and processing, agriculture, livestock, rural industry, implements and machinery repairs, transport and input supply based avocations. There were a few other avocations where unemployed could be engaged such as protected cultivation, organic farming/ vermicompost, agro-eco-tourism and other ancillary activities. It can also be seen from the table that with the increase in education level, there were more number of educated youth seeking employment outside agriculture sector.
5.15 Agri-Business Establishments
The status of agri-business establishments like agro-sale centres, primary agricultural co- operative societies, rural handicraft centres (public and private), processing societies and vermicompost units in term of existing and required has been portrayed in Table 5.19. The agro sale centres and primary agricultural co-operative societies facilitate the availability of inputs like seeds and credit, whereas farmers’ co-operatives help in disposal of farm produce at remunerative prices. As can be seen from the table, the number of existing agro-sale centres, primary agricultural co-operative societies (PACS), rural handicraft (public and private) and farmers’ co-operatives were, although, sufficient in number yet an additional 57 agri-sale centres, 87 PACS, 64 rural handicrafts in public sector, 26 processing societies in public and 24 processing societies in private sectors, 147 farmers’ co- operatives and 4 vermicompost units were required to boost farm income through assured remunerative prices to the farmers.
Block-wise status of agro processing units/ enterprises in Shimla district, depicted in Table 5.20, indicate the existing, potential and financial assistance given to various agro-processing units viz., atta chakki, oil expeller, rice sheller, bakery, maize sheller, vermicompost units, mushroom
100
compost units, rural craft, fruit and vegetable processing and feed mills, etc., in different blocks. Table 5.21 depicts the financial assistance required for the agro-processing units, it shows that a total expenditure of rupees 401.85 lakhs would be needed for the improving of the plight of agro-processing units in the district.
5.16 Drudgery of Women
Women play an important role in the hill economy of the state. Various schemes are being implemented for the welfare of women in the state. In the absence of mechanization, most of the farm operations are carried out manually by women using traditional implements. The steep slopes and geographical conditions further aggravate the farm operational burden on the female folk of the district. The extent of drudgery of women is clearly visualized through the time spent in accomplishing different activities as presented in Table 5.22. In addition to household routine task, women perform all the farm operations manually except ploughing. The time spent in these farm operations by the females depend upon the type of operation and crop.
In hills, livestock rearing has been considered to be a female avocation. The extent of drudgery in livestock rearing is more than any other farm operation as most of the livestock rearing activities (Table 5.22) like collecting fodder from field and ghasni/ grasslands, fetching water & fodder, chaffing, feeding, milking, cleaning sheds selling milk and dung disposal and various activities were carried out by female members as a part of daily task. Most of the grasslands which are away from the home/ cattle shed and kacha animal sheds, use of traditional tools and difficult topography make the task even more difficult. Therefore, there is a dire need to develop tools and implements to reduce the extent of women drudgery.
5.17 Livestock Feed and Fodder
In this district, raising up of livestock has a direct relationship with common property resources (CPRs) such as forests, water and grazing land, and field crops of the farmers. Season and block wise availability and requirement of fodder and per day general trend of consumption of feed/ concentrate and minerals of an adult animal have been presented in Table 5.23. There was huge gap in feed / fodder, minerals and management practices in the district. There is an acute shortage of green fodder in winter in most of the blocks. Due to severe winters, there is no chance to grow green fodder in the field and it is available only from CPRs. Stall feeding at home was common for milch and crossbred cows and other animals were maintained on grazing land except in few months of the winter. The minerals and concentrate were fed to milch animals especially, but the application was at lower side. There is a need to train the people in silage preparation and maintaining of old fodder tree species and growing of new ever green fodder tree species to compensate the green fodder deficiency during the winter season.
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5.18 Yield Gap in Livestock Production
There is huge gap between actual and potential yields in different livestock (Table 5.24). In crossbred cows, actual yield in the district was 6.34 litres per animal per day while the potential yield was 10.87 litres per day. Similarly, the yield of local cow was 2.13 litres against the potential yield of 3.74 litres per animal per day. The noticeable yield gap between actual and potential milk yields of buffalo and goat and wool yield of sheep has been recorded in the table. A perusal of the Table 5.25 revealed that improper feeding practices, poor management and imbalanced diet were the main reasons for yield difference between two categories of livestock. Therefore, there exists scope for improving production with suitable intervention and livestock improvement programmes.
5.19 Incidence of Livestock Diseases
The information on the status of infection, mortality among livestock and availability of treatment in the area has been presented in Table 5.26. The table shows that among different diseases/parasites, the incidence of ectoparasites, endoparasites, repeat breeding, hemorrhagic septicaemia and tympany was much higher compared with other diseases like foot and mouth, pneumonia, diarrhoea/ dysentery, calf scour and mineral deficiency, etc.
The main diseases of sheep and goat were lice and ticks, endoparasites, diarrhoea / dysentery, mange and PPR/CCPP, but the mortality rate was lower as compared to cattle/ buffalo. In equines, internal parasites, respiratory distress, colic and glanders were reported. However, in poultry, only coccidiosis was noted. Rabbit rearing was not so common in this district. The interventions suggested to mitigate the effects of these diseases/ parasites have been depicted in Table 5.27. It included preventive vaccination, deworming dusting and dipping, balanced feed management and livestock health awareness programmes, etc.
5.20 Yield Gap in Fruit Crops
The planting gap and yield gap in fruit plants have been given in Table 5.28 and 5.29, respectively. It can be seen that there were large gaps between the actual and recommended levels of distance between the plant to plant and row to row in all types of plants. The range varied between 32 to 110 plants per hectare in different types of fruit crops. The gap in yield was to the extent of 0.4 to 34 q/ ha
The reasons for gap in fruit plants may be undulating topography and lack of technical know-how about the spacing of plants in different types of fruit plants. The varietal and technological problems in important fruit crops, flower and fodder pointed out by the respondents have been presented in Table 5.30. The table shows that lack of irrigation facilities, lack of training and pruning, attack of insect pests and diseases, damage of fruit crops by hail storm, lack of colour development in royal delicious variety, imbalanced use of fertilizers and soil problems, poor fruit
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setting, non- availability of quality planting material, untimely and non-availability of critical inputs and attack of bats, birds and monkeys, marketing problems and cold storage, etc., were the most important varietal and technological problems in main fruit crops, which included apple, citrus, mango, litchi, cherry, pear and stone fruit. To tackle these problems, the main intervention like research, training and awareness programme facilities to install anti hail gun and quality planting material at right time were suggested in fruit crops (Table 5.31.). In case of floriculture, irrigation, marketing and cold storage were the main problems and the proposed interventions suggested were improvement of irrigation system, especially sprinkler irrigation, strengthening of marketing mechanism on the line of Bangalore flower regulated market and development of flower and planting materials storage system in producing and consuming areas. Strengthening of R&D facilities was suggested to overcome scarcity of fodder in winter months and lack of nutritious and quality fodder plants in the area.
5.21 Researchable Issues
In view of above mentioned problems/constraints and interventions that are required for developing allied agricultural sectors, the following important researchable issues have been identified. The research agenda of the state R&D institutions, therefore, should include research on these issues. The funds for undertaking research on these issues have been provided in the plan under research and extension head.
Horticulture
� Determining suitability of new improved apple, pear and cherry varieties and rootstocks for commercialization
� Identification of niche area and remapping of different fruit growing belts
� Rejuvenation of old and senile orchards
� Evaluation of cherry rootstocks for wide adaptability
� Identification and multiplication of clonal rootstocks for precaucious and higher yields in pears.
� Development of production module for organic fruit farming
� Development of irrigation and fertigation modules
� Nutrient indexing and improvement of soil health
� Development of resource (soil & water) conservation horticulture practices
� Development of technology for Integrated Nutrient Management in fruits and vegetables
� Generation of data base of pollinator diversity in different horticultural crops
� Identification of potential bee- keeping belts in different blocks
103
� Identification of safe waiting periods of pesticides on horticultural crops
� Development of management strategies for curative and post symptom control of apple scab and premature leaf fall
� Evaluating the efficacy of newly developed fungicides, monitoring of resistant strains and breeding for disease resistance against apple scab and premature leaf fall
� Establishment of race situation in respect of apple scab
� Developing strategies for the management of newly emerging foliar and fruit diseases of apple like root rot causing pre-harvest fruit drop, etc.
� Standardization of alternative propagation techniques and quality nursery production of fruit crops
� Identification of constraints in different horticultural crops
� Refinement of spray schedules in apple
� Studies on economic and marketing aspects of cherry and other minor fruits
Animal Husbandry
� Identification of socio-biological causes, economic implication and remedial strategy to tackle monkey menace in the district
� Technical analysis of livestock health and reproduction facilities of state Animal Husbandry Department by livestock keepers of the district
� A study on the adoption of improved animal health and production technologies by livestock farmers in the district
� Identification of the indigenous livestock health practices among livestock farmers in less developed areas of the district
� Development of a strategic dairy farming package for livestock farmers in the district, in the face of ’livestock revolution 2020
� Identification of the critical technical gaps in attaining the profitability under hill cattle production system
� Development of Endocrinological tools to augment production and reproduction in dairy animals
� Development of strategic mineral supplementation in animals to improve profitability of livestock owners of the district
� Epidemiological data collection and mapping of the district and adjoining areas
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� Surveillance, monitoring and control of the diseases of animals and birds including wild fauna
� Pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drugs on local breeds of animals and pharmacokinetic interaction of herbal bio-enhancers
� Pharmacological and toxicological studies on the poisonous plants of the district
� Development of herbal nutraceuticals for health and production of farm animals
� Toxicological studies on the poisonous plants and characterization of their toxic principles and anti nutritional factors
� Investigation on the etiological agents of infectious infertility among bovine, ovine and caprice including male animals with special emphasis on Brucellosis
� Preparation and testing of multiserotype vaccine against H.S.
� Serosurveillance of some important infections diseases in livestock of district
� Investigation on the epidemiology and serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in bovines in the district
� Molecular diagnosis and genetic diversity analysis of important pathogens responsible for major animal diseases and zoonoses in the district
� Constraints in way of transfer of dairy technology of livestock farmers in the district: perceptions of stake-holders i.e. livestock keepers, veterinarians, para vets and development agencies/NGOs
� Identification of the indigenous livestock health practices among livestock farmers in the district
� Documentation of the prevailing ethno-veterinary practices among migratory shepherds (Gaddies) of the district, their scientific validation and subsequent mass dissemination
� Analytical sudy of the contribution of women to animal husbandry operations in different agro-climatic situations of the district
� Documentation and scientific validation of the livestock husbandry- related indigenous technical knowledge (ITK)/ practices among backward area like Dodra Kwar of the district
� Evaluation of appropriateness of the recommended animal husbandry technologies for different agro-climatic situations of the district
� Developing database for various surgical disorder in small and large animals of the district
� Diagnosis imaging for early and accurate management of surgical afflictions in animals
105
� Evaluation of medicinal plants/ herbs utilized in soft and hard tissue healing in animals
� Development of safe and suitable balanced anaesthetic techniques for ponies and wild animal of the district
� Standardization of various orthopaedics (external and internal) techniques in large, small and companion animals
� Standardization and further application of endoscopic and laproscopic techniques in clinical cases of abdominal disorders in small and large animal
� Application of various diagnostic and operative ophthalmic procedures in surgical cases of small and large animals
Floriculture
� Delineation of areas/ locations suitable for different flower crops
� Availability of authentic and quality germplasm/ planting material of various flower crops to the growers at affordable prices
� Year round flower production
� Standardization of location-specific production technology for different flower crops as under:
viii) Recommendation of varieties
ix) Standardization of planting time
x) Standardization of nutrients and integrated management (INM and IPM)
xi) Irrigation management
xii) Flower regulation as per the market demands
xiii) Post-harvest management and maintaining the cool chain
xiv) Refinement of infrastructure (greenhouse technology)
Fisheries
Development of technologies to harness trout fish production potential and also providing technical know-how to the fish farmers
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Tab
le 5
.1 B
lock
-wis
e A
rea
Und
er D
iffer
ent F
ruits
in S
him
la D
istr
ict,
2007
-08
(Hec
tare
s)
Frui
t B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
App
le
643.
71
2830
.97
2847
.66
5857
.05
1164
.52
1797
.47
4462
.90
4682
.59
1383
.64
3421
.76
2909
2.27
App
le (
spur
) 40
.87
153.
1317
4.22
286.
5414
6.80
86.9
8 18
8.23
198.
8610
0.00
198.
3815
74.0
1
Plum
49
.57
32.3
131
.07
11.8
474
.97
46.4
8 85
.04
75.6
710
0.00
93.1
660
0.11
Peac
h
49.0
6 16
.20
25.2
423
.34
76.3
110
.00
15.0
515
.46
13.5
259
.90
304.
08
Apr
icot
59
.04
38.7
853
.43
57.3
194
.41
32.4
7 70
.03
90.3
690
.00
83.3
366
9.16
Pear
11
2.67
71
.26
97.8
745
6.40
255.
6940
.00
98.1
387
.05
40.2
222
1.85
1481
.14
Che
rry
2.30
1.
964.
0534
.90
12.4
415
.49
134.
2610
.83
2.00
22.8
824
1.11
Kiw
i 0.
96
0.00
0.83
3.63
1.85
0.00
1.
962.
181.
281.
7614
.45
Pom
egra
nate
16
.15
0.00
6.28
4.21
28.2
70.
40
15.4
61.
581.
5511
.94
85.8
4
Oliv
e 1.
44
0.00
10.1
60.
007.
420.
00
0.00
1.30
0.00
10
.03
30.3
5
Pers
imm
on
7.45
1.
982.
854.
791.
542.
26
1.43
2.22
0.30
2.31
27.1
3
Alm
ond
101.
06
131.
8311
3.33
203.
7016
1.49
93.0
0 15
0.21
86.3
510
0.00
382.
0315
23.0
0
Wal
nut
10.2
5 44
.55
33.4
216
.03
20.2
420
.00
43.0
136
.51
60.7
122
.95
307.
67
Peca
nut
0.00
0.
000.
000.
002.
000.
00
4.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.00
Haz
elnu
t 0.
00
1.41
0.41
0.93
0.00
0.08
1.
270.
370.
100.
374.
94
Man
go
76.1
6 0.
0012
.15
0.00
64.0
70.
00
82.6
70.
0042
.83
0.25
278.
13
Litc
hi
12.5
0 0.
000.
000.
005.
740.
00
9.49
0.00
0.26
0.00
27.9
9
Gua
va
11.1
7 0.
000.
000.
003.
530.
00
0.97
0.00
1.91
0.00
17.5
8
Ano
la
4.18
0.
0017
.89
0.00
2.58
0.00
0.
000.
00
0.00
24.6
5
Jack
frui
t 1.
61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.00
0.
000.
00
0.00
2.09
Papa
ya
0.53
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.53
G
rape
s 3.
29
0.00
0.
00
0.00
1.
80
0.00
1.
43
0.00
0.
00
0.22
6.
74
Loq
uat
1.20
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
1.30
0.
04
0.00
0.
00
0.36
0.
00
2.90
B
er
0.50
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.40
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.90
C
hico
o 0.
08
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
08
Ban
ana
1.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
1.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
2.00
O
rang
e/
Kin
now
12
.13
0.00
1.
37
0.45
1.
57
0.04
5.
15
0.00
9.
10
6.15
35
.96
Mal
ta/
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.28
0.
00
0.
00
0.28
107
Mus
ambi
K
agzi
lim
e 17
4.64
2.
22
7.63
16
.07
167.
80
0.20
16
.64
13.0
8 35
.70
26.2
8 46
0.26
G
alag
al
14.4
5 0.
84
3.13
9.
23
17.9
7 0.
09
4.41
5.
17
13.1
0 6.
67
75.0
6 A
rea
unde
r fr
uit
crop
s 14
07.9
7 (1
8.76
) 33
27.4
4 (2
7.69
) 34
42.9
9 (2
1.77
) 69
86.4
2 (7
8.43
) 23
16.1
9 (2
1.41
) 21
45.0
(5
2.33
) 53
92.0
2 (6
7.27
) 53
09.5
8 (5
2.38
) 19
98.5
8 (2
2.14
) 45
72.2
1 (5
2.55
) 36
898.
41
(36.
99)
Cro
pped
are
a un
der
agri
cultu
ral c
rops
6097
.00
(81.
24)
8690
.00
(72.
31)
1237
5.00
(7
8.23
) 19
21.0
0 (2
1.57
) 85
02.0
0 (
78.5
9)
1954
.00
(47.
67)
2624
.00
(32
.73)
48
27.0
0 (4
7.62
) 70
27.0
0 (7
7.86
) 41
29.0
0 (4
7.45
) 62
854.
00
(63.
01)
Gra
nd to
tal
7504
.97
(100
) 12
017.
44
(100
) 15
817.
99
(100
) 89
07.4
2 (1
00)
1081
8.19
(1
00)
4099
.00
(100
) 80
16.0
2 (1
00)
1013
6.58
(1
00)
9025
.58
(100
) 87
01.2
1 (1
00)
9975
2.41
(1
00)
Not
e: F
igur
es in
par
enth
eses
indi
cate
per
cent
ages
of
the
tehs
ils
Sour
ce: D
irec
tora
te o
f H
ortic
ultu
re, S
him
la
Tab
le 5
.2 E
xist
ing
Blo
ck L
evel
Sch
emes
for
Hor
ticul
tura
l Dev
elop
men
t (R
s. L
akhs
) in
Shim
la D
istr
ict
Blo
ck
Vill
ages
(N
o.)
Ben
efic
iari
es
(No.
) Fu
nds
Stat
us
Cen
tre
shar
e St
ate
shar
e T
otal
C
ompl
ete
( %)
Inco
mpl
ete
( %)
Add
ition
al fu
nds
requ
ired
Bas
antp
ur
4 70
0 15
1
16
50
50
20
Chi
rgao
n 1
5000
50
-
50
- 10
0 20
0
Cho
pal
1 50
00
1.80
0.
20
200
100
- -
Jubb
al
1 69
9 37
.28
- 37
.28
25
75
20
Mas
hobr
a 1
1200
0 20
0 -
200
75
25
50
Nan
khar
i 1
5831
10
4 -
104
80
20
100
Nar
kand
a 1
1003
0 50
-
50
- -
150
Roh
roo
10
1039
47
.33
- 47
.33
100
- -
Ram
pur
1 20
00
1.90
-
1.90
80
20
20
0
The
og
1 10
00
30
- 30
10
0 -
200
Dis
tric
t 22
43
299
537.
31
1.20
73
6.51
94
0
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
108
Tab
le 5
.3 B
lock
-wis
e E
xist
ing
Stat
us a
nd P
oten
tial f
or H
ortic
ultu
re D
evel
opm
ent i
n Sh
imla
Dis
tric
t (A
rea
in H
a, P
rod.
in M
t)
Cro
ps
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t A
pple
E
xist
ing
stat
us
Are
a
684.
58
2984
.10
3021
.88
6143
.59
1311
.32
1884
.45
4651
.13
4881
.45
1483
.64
3620
.14
3066
6.28
Pr
oduc
tion
13
11.8
7 25
018.
32
2171
5.77
36
790.
77
1177
9.22
11
284.
99
1671
1.92
29
232.
47
5330
.85
2601
4.97
18
5191
.16
No.
of
hous
ehol
ds
1368
.00
4188
.00
6042
.00
1313
6.00
10
938.
00
3709
.00
7113
.00
5972
.00
3235
.00
7604
.00
6330
5.00
Po
tent
ial
A
rea
13
7.00
59
7.00
60
4.00
61
4.00
26
2.00
56
5.00
46
5.00
97
6.00
14
84.0
0 72
4.00
64
28.0
0 Pr
oduc
tion
32
8.17
71
50.2
5 54
25.5
6 45
88.8
1 31
37.9
6 42
22.6
0 41
76.9
7 72
94.2
6 10
664.
29
8671
.32
5521
5.73
N
o. o
f n
ew h
ouse
hold
s
274.
00
838.
00
1208
.00
1460
.00
1093
8.00
10
60.0
0 17
78.0
0 23
89.0
0 32
35.0
0 30
41.0
0 26
221.
00
Pear
Exi
stin
g st
atus
Are
a
112.
67
71.2
6 97
.87
456.
40
255.
69
40.0
0 98
.13
87.0
5 42
.22
221.
85
1483
.14
Prod
uctio
n
431.
82
213.
37
351.
66
2186
.51
1071
.84
114.
98
286.
77
264.
82
123.
38
690.
84
5736
.00
No.
of
hous
ehol
ds
337.
00
284.
00
489.
00
1826
.00
1278
.00
160.
00
491.
00
435.
00
211.
00
1109
.00
6620
.00
Pote
ntia
l
Are
a
338.
00
285.
00
489.
00
91.0
0 25
6.00
16
0.00
98
.00
87.0
0 21
1.00
11
1.00
21
26.0
0 Pr
oduc
tion
16
19.2
9 15
36.0
5 35
14.0
4 54
4.95
18
39.6
6 76
6.53
41
0.81
41
6.80
10
10.8
6 66
4.72
11
712.
99
No.
of
new
hou
seho
lds
10
11.0
0 11
36.0
0 24
45.0
0 36
5.00
12
78.0
0 64
0.00
49
1.00
43
5.00
10
56.0
0 55
5.00
94
12.0
0 St
one
frui
ts (p
lum
, pea
ch, a
pric
ot, e
tc)
Exi
stin
g st
atus
A
rea
15
7.67
87
.29
109.
74
92.4
9 24
5.69
88
.95
170.
12
181.
49
203.
52
236.
39
1573
.35
Prod
uctio
n
755.
36
313.
64
328.
59
288.
01
1177
.05
134.
23
354.
53
434.
74
1024
.00
1183
.00
5993
.00
No.
of
hous
ehol
ds
788.
00
436.
00
549.
00
462.
00
1273
.00
445.
00
851.
00
907.
00
1018
.00
1182
.00
7867
.00
Pote
ntia
l
Are
a
78.8
4 43
.65
54.8
7 46
.25
122.
85
44.4
8 85
.06
90.7
5 10
1.76
11
8.20
78
6.68
Pr
oduc
tion
42
4.89
20
9.09
26
2.87
18
2.78
73
5.66
79
.90
266.
92
326.
05
780.
02
665.
34
3676
.46
No.
of
new
hou
seho
lds
39
4.00
21
8.00
27
4.50
23
1.00
63
6.50
22
2.50
42
5.50
45
3.50
50
9.00
59
1.00
39
33.5
0 N
uts
E
xist
ing
stat
us
Are
a
111.
31
177.
79
147.
16
220.
66
183.
73
113.
08
198.
49
123.
23
160.
81
405.
35
1841
.61
Prod
uctio
n
33.7
3 67
.34
51.2
8 90
.26
72.3
7 35
.98
81.1
9 41
.07
58.4
7 17
1.95
70
3.66
N
o. o
f ho
useh
olds
11
13.0
0 17
78.0
0 14
72.0
0 22
07.0
0 18
37.0
0 11
31.0
0 19
85.0
0 12
32.0
0 16
08.0
0 40
54.0
0 18
416.
00
Pote
ntia
l
Are
a
111.
31
177.
79
147.
16
110.
00
92.0
0 11
3.08
99
.00
123.
23
101.
00
405.
35
1479
.92
Prod
uctio
n
42.1
6 86
.20
66.8
9 56
.66
48.7
8 51
.40
60.0
0 59
.74
61.2
1 24
5.65
75
7.85
109
No.
of
new
hou
seho
lds
11
13.0
0 17
78.0
0 14
72.0
0 11
04.0
0 91
9.00
11
31.0
0 99
3.00
12
32.0
0 10
14.0
0 40
54.0
0 14
810.
00
Oth
er te
mpe
rate
frui
t
Exi
stin
g st
atus
Are
a
31.5
9 3.
94
24.1
7 47
.53
53.3
2 18
.15
154.
54
18.1
1 5.
13
49.1
4 40
5.62
Pr
oduc
tion
36
4.41
22
.73
223.
05
603.
11
738.
09
125.
62
2495
.79
125.
35
31.9
6 64
6.22
53
76.0
0 N
o. o
f ho
useh
olds
31
6.00
39
.00
242.
00
475.
00
533.
00
182.
00
1545
.00
181.
00
51.0
0 49
1.00
40
56.0
0 Po
tent
ial
A
rea
31
.59
20.0
0 24
.17
47.5
3 53
.32
18.1
5 77
.00
18.1
1 5.
13
49.1
4 34
4.14
Pr
oduc
tion
43
7.29
18
4.57
27
8.81
76
7.60
86
1.11
18
8.43
15
10.0
0 20
8.91
59
.18
793.
60
4684
.42
No.
of
new
hou
seho
lds
31
6.00
39
0.00
24
2.00
47
5.00
53
3.00
18
2.00
15
45.0
0 18
1.00
51
.00
491.
00
4406
.00
Citr
us fr
uits
Exi
stin
g st
atus
Are
a
201.
22
3.06
12
.13
25.7
5 18
7.34
0.
33
26.4
8 18
.25
57.9
0 39
.10
571.
56
Prod
uctio
n
80.1
4 0.
37
1.61
3.
59
31.3
4 0.
04
3.87
2.
57
9.22
5.
97
139.
00
No.
of
hous
ehol
ds
2010
.00
31.0
0 12
1.00
25
8.00
18
73.0
0 3.
00
265.
00
183.
00
579.
00
391.
00
5716
.00
Pote
ntia
l
Are
a
201.
22
3.06
12
.13
25.7
5 37
.00
0.33
26
.48
18.2
5 57
.90
39.1
0 42
1.22
Pr
oduc
tion
93
.50
0.51
2.
09
4.79
7.
37
0.04
4.
39
3.27
10
.38
6.75
85
.00
No.
of
new
hou
seho
lds
20
10.0
0 31
.00
121.
00
258.
00
370.
00
3.00
26
5.00
18
3.00
57
9.00
39
1.00
42
11.0
0 M
ango
Exi
stin
g st
atus
Are
a
76.1
6 0.
00
12.1
5 0.
00
64.0
7 0.
00
82.6
7 0.
00
42.8
3 0.
25
278.
13
Prod
uctio
n
232.
96
0.00
23
.79
0.00
18
8.14
0.
00
262.
99
0.00
10
4.81
0.
31
812.
98
No.
of
hous
ehol
ds
Po
tent
ial
76.1
6 0.
00
12.1
5 0.
00
64.0
7 0.
00
82.6
7 0.
00
42.8
3 0.
25
278.
13
Are
a
326.
14
0.00
29
.73
0.00
21
9.50
0.
00
303.
45
0.00
14
1.49
0.
43
873.
43
Nos
. of
new
hou
seho
lds
76
2.00
0.
00
122.
00
0.00
64
1.00
0.
00
827.
00
0.00
42
8.00
3.
00
2783
.00
Sub
trop
ical
frui
ts
E
xist
ing
stat
us
A
rea
32
.77
0.00
17
.89
0.00
15
.03
0.04
10
.46
0.00
2.
53
0.00
78
.72
Prod
uctio
n
40.0
9 0.
00
17.5
1 0.
00
12.8
7 0.
01
7.68
0.
00
1.55
0.
00
79.7
2 N
o. o
f ho
useh
olds
32
8.00
0.
00
179.
00
0.00
15
0.00
1.
00
105.
00
0.00
25
.00
0.00
78
8.00
Po
tent
ial
A
rea
32
.77
0.00
17
.89
0.00
15
.03
0.04
10
.46
0.00
2.
53
0.00
78
.72
Prod
uctio
n
60.1
4 0.
00
24.0
8 0.
00
16.5
5 0.
02
12.8
0 0.
00
2.17
0.
00
89.8
9 N
o. o
f n
ew h
ouse
hold
s
328.
00
0.00
17
9.00
0.
00
150.
00
1.00
10
5.00
0.
00
25.0
0 0.
00
788.
00
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
110
Table 5.4 Existing Block Level Schemes for Livestock Development in Shimla District
Block No. villages
Beneficiaries (No.)
Funds (Rs. Lakh)
Status
Centreshare
Stateshare
Total Complete (No.)
Incomplete (No.)
Additional funds required
(Rs. Lakh) Basantpur - - - - - - - -
Chirgaon - - - - - - - -
Chopal 2 2750 - 7 7 1 1 2
Jubbal - - - - - - -
Mashobra - - - - - - - -
Nankhari 4 5831 4 10 14 2 2 30
Narkanda - - - - - - - -
Rohroo - - - - - - - -
Rampur 6 10415 6 15 21 3 3 50
Theog 4 10000 7.50 2.5 10 - 4 100
Total 16 28996 17.50 34.5 52 6 9 182 Source: Field survey, 2007-08
111
Tab
le 5
.5 L
ives
tock
Pop
ulat
ion
(Num
ber)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict (
Bloc
k-w
ise)
S. N
o.
Part
icul
ars
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
houp
al
Juba
l M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
1 C
ow
2611
0 23
068
5719
5 28
094
4578
0 10
325
1630
4 22
525
2960
4 48
182
3071
87
a C
ross
bre
d co
w
7310
55
36
2974
1 11
238
2380
6 71
24
1206
5 20
047
2131
5 22
164
1603
46
b L
ocal
cow
18
800
1753
2 27
454
1685
6 21
974
3201
42
39
2478
82
89
2601
8 14
6841
2 B
uffa
loes
27
83
148
1762
15
3 80
02
22
231
72
704
2415
16
292
3 G
oat
6914
20
219
3140
3 42
51
4294
26
55
4529
98
2 16
944
6032
98
223
4 Sh
eep
1519
42
011
1046
0 39
70
3154
34
17
2234
38
06
2477
3 30
32
9837
6
5 Po
ultr
y 17
95
7206
25
00
2140
11
91
687
666
4024
14
03
1139
22
751
6 E
quin
es
262
964
1570
30
2 50
4 13
7 15
3 71
3 41
2 16
56
6673
a H
orse
s 77
17
1 28
9 60
12
0 60
84
88
12
1 73
6 18
06
b M
ule
124
630
953
182
370
53
58
561
135
897
3963
c D
onke
y 61
16
3 32
8 60
14
24
11
64
15
6 23
90
4
7 T
otal
39
383
9361
6 10
4890
38
910
6292
5 17
243
2411
7 32
122
7384
0 62
456
5495
02
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
112
Table 5.6 Existing Block Level Schemes for Fisheries in Shimla District
Block Villages (No)
Beneficiaries (No.)
Funds (Rs. Lakh) Status Centreshare
Stateshare
Total Complete (No.)
Incomplete (No.)
Additional funds
needed (Rs. Lakh )
Basantpur - - - - - - - -
Chirgaon - - - - - - - -
Chopal 4 25 - 0.50 0.50 4 - 0.50
Jubbal - - - - - - - -
Mashobra 2 - - - - - - -
Nankhari - - - - - - - -
Narkanda - - - - - - - -
Rohroo - - - - - - - -
Rampur - - - - - - - -
Theog - - - - - - - -
Total 6 25 - 0.50 0.50 4 - 0.50 Source: Field survey, 2007-08
Table 5.7 Status of Cultured Fisheries in Shimla District (Block-wise)
Block
No. of house holds
Pond Existing Species Potential species
No. Area (ha.) E P E P E P 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Basantpur - - - 10 - 1 - - - -
Chirgaon 3 4 15 20 - 2 Trout - - - Trout Carp Common
carp
Grass carp, Silver carp
Chopal 1 20 4 15 - 1.5 Mahasheer - - - Silver carp
Katla Rohu Mrigal
Jubbal - - - 5 - 0.5 - - - - Trout Carp, etc.
Mashobra - - - 10 - 1 - - - - Trout
Nankhari - 10 - 20 - 2 - - - - Trout
Narkanda - 10 - 10 - - - - - - Trout
Rohroo - 20 - 20 - 2 - - - - Trout
Rampur - 10 - 10 - 1 - - - - Trout Carp
Theog - - - - - - - - - - Trout
Total 4 74 19 120 - 11 - - - - Note: E – Existing, P – Potential Source: Field survey, 2007-08
113
Tab
le 5
.8 B
lock
-wis
e Pr
oble
ms a
nd In
terv
entio
ns fo
r C
ultu
red
Fish
erie
s in
Shim
la D
istr
ict (
Per
cent
of P
anch
ayat
s)
Con
stra
ints
In
terv
entio
n
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khri
N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Shim
la
Qua
lity/
Q
uant
ity o
f fi
nger
lings
1)R
egul
ar
supp
ly o
f qu
ality
and
qu
antit
y fi
nger
lings
- 25
20
-
- -
- -
- -
4.5
Fish
fee
d
1) R
egul
ar
supp
ly o
f fi
sh
feed
- 20
25
-
- -
- --
-
- 4.
5
2) S
ubsi
dy o
n th
e fi
sh f
eed
- 25
15
-
- -
- -
- -
4.0
Qua
lity
and
quan
tity
of
wat
er
supp
ly
Reg
ular
flo
w
of q
ualit
y w
ater
20
40
30
10
20
40
20
40
20
10
25.0
Tra
inin
g
Tra
inin
g an
d de
mon
stra
tion
at p
rodu
cer’
s le
vel
30
50
60
20
40
80
40
80
40
15
45.5
Tec
hnic
al
know
-how
1)
Dev
elop
men
t of
pac
kage
of
prac
tices
.
20
30
25
15
15
25
10
20
15
10
18.5
2) S
uppl
y of
lit
erat
ure
25
40
35
30
35
50
25
40
30
15
32
.5
Dis
ease
s
A
vaila
bilit
y of
m
edic
ines
- -
- 20
-
- -
- -
- 2.
0
Pond
St
ruct
ure
Su
bsid
y on
co
nstr
uctio
n
15
20
20
15
10
15
18
20
12
25
17.0
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
114
Tab
le 5
.9 B
lock
-wis
e Pr
oduc
tion
and
Dis
posa
l of A
gric
ultu
ral P
rodu
cts (
Met
ric
Ton
nes)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Part
icul
ars
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bal
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
Cer
eals
Pr
oduc
tion
1598
9 10
183
1457
6 11
94
1412
10
83
1967
39
40
6943
46
15
6190
2 C
onsu
mpt
ion
1598
9 94
31
1457
6 11
94
1412
10
83
1967
31
40
4100
42
15
5710
7 M
arke
ted
surp
lus
75
2
800
2843
40
0 47
95
Mar
kets
whe
re s
old
L
ocal
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
Dis
tant
(w
ithin
st
ate)
�
� �
�
Dis
tant
(ou
tsid
e st
ate)
Post
har
vest
loss
es
(%)
4 3
5.5
2 2
4 5
2.5
3.5
2.6
3.41
Puls
es
Prod
uctio
n20
8 23
4 65
0 10
1 96
30
6 18
8 31
7 73
4 16
9 30
03
Con
sum
ptio
n 20
8 23
4 60
0 10
0 96
20
0 18
8 12
5 43
4 13
5 23
20
Mar
kete
d su
rplu
s
50
1
10
6
192
300
34
683
Mar
kets
whe
re s
old
L
ocal
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
Dis
tant
(w
ithin
st
ate)
�
�
� �
�
Dis
tant
(ou
tsid
e st
ate)
�
Post
har
vest
loss
es
(%)
1.0
1.0
2.16
1.
5 1.
0 2.
0 1.
25
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.67
Oils
eeds
Pr
oduc
tion
20
4 92
18
27
4
3 40
61
8
277
Con
sum
ptio
n 20
4
92
18
27
4 3
40
61
8 27
7 M
arke
ted
surp
lus
M
arke
ts w
here
sol
d
Loc
al
�
� �
�
�
�
D
ista
nt (
with
in
stat
e)
Dis
tant
(ou
tsid
e st
ate)
Post
har
vest
loss
es
(%)
0.2
0 0.
9 0.
2 0.
3 0
0 0.
4 0.
6 0.
1 0.
39
115
Pota
toPr
oduc
tion
874
9588
71
76
2464
14
88
1155
18
86
3107
3 33
94
3658
62
756
Con
sum
ptio
n 43
7 23
97
1794
61
6 44
6 28
9 16
40
6215
84
8 91
4 15
596
Mar
kete
d su
rplu
s 43
7 71
91
5382
18
48
1042
86
6 24
6 24
858
2546
27
44
4716
0 M
arke
ts w
here
sol
d
Loc
al
� -
� -
� -
� �
� �
D
ista
nt (
with
in
stat
e)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
Dis
tant
(ou
tsid
e st
ate)
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
Post
har
vest
loss
es
(%)
9 96
72
25
15
12
16
31
1 34
37
62
.7
Spic
es a
nd c
ondi
men
ts
Prod
uctio
n 51
0 -
416
- 14
50
- 22
9 -
34
9 26
48
Con
sum
ptio
n 10
2 -
83
- 29
0 -
46
- 7
2 53
0 M
arke
ted
surp
lus
408
- 33
3 -
1160
-
183
- 27
7
2118
M
arke
ts w
here
sol
d
Loc
al
� -
� -
� -
� -
� �
� D
ista
nt (
with
in
stat
e)
� -
� -
� -
� -
� �
�
Dis
tant
(ou
tsid
e st
ate)
�
�
�
�
Post
har
vest
loss
es
(%)
5 -
4 -
15
- 3
- 0.
5 -
5.50
Veg
etab
les
Prod
uctio
n 75
13
7986
14
570
8054
23
872
1386
39
42
3187
72
17
1951
3 97
240
Con
sum
ptio
n 15
0 16
0 29
1 16
1 47
7 13
9 39
4 31
9 14
4 39
0 26
25
Mar
kete
d su
rplu
s 73
63
7826
14
279
7893
23
395
1247
35
48
2868
70
73
1912
3 94
615
Mar
kets
whe
re s
old
L
ocal
�
- �
- �
- �
� �
� �
Dis
tant
(w
ithin
st
ate)
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
Dis
tant
(ou
tsid
e st
ate)
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
Post
har
vest
loss
es
(%)
75
80
146
81
239
14
39
32
72
195
97.3
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
116
Tab
le 5
.10
Blo
ck-w
ise
Prod
uctio
n an
d D
ispo
sal o
f Hor
ticul
tura
l Pro
duct
s (M
etri
c T
onne
s) in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t
Frui
t B
asan
tpu
r C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Juba
l M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
App
le
Prod
uctio
n 13
11.8
7 25
018.
32
2171
5.77
36
790.
77
1177
9.22
11
284.
99
1671
1.92
29
232.
47
5330
.85
2601
4.97
18
5191
.16
Con
sum
ptio
n 13
1.19
25
0.18
21
7.16
36
7.91
11
7.79
11
2.85
16
7.12
29
2.32
53
.31
260.
15
1969
.98
Mar
kete
d su
rplu
s 11
80.6
8 24
768.
14
2149
8.61
36
422.
86
1166
1.43
11
172.
14
1654
4.80
28
940.
15
5277
.54
2575
4.82
18
3221
.18
Mar
kets
whe
re s
old
L
ocal
�
- �
- �
- �
� �
� �
Dis
tant
(w
ithin
sta
te)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� D
ista
nt (
outs
ide
stat
e)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� Po
st h
arve
st lo
sses
13
.12
250.
18
217.
16
367.
91
117.
79
112.
85
167.
12
292.
32
53.3
1 26
0.15
18
51.9
1 Pe
ar
Prod
uctio
n 43
1.82
21
3.37
35
1.66
21
86.5
1 10
71.8
4 11
4.98
28
6.77
26
4.82
12
3.38
69
0.84
57
36
Con
sum
ptio
n 43
.18
21.3
4 35
.17
218.
65
107.
18
11.5
0 28
.68
26.4
8 12
.34
69.0
8 57
3.60
M
arke
ted
surp
lus
388.
64
192.
03
316.
49
1967
.86
964.
66
103.
48
258.
09
238.
34
111.
04
621.
76
5162
.40
Mar
kets
whe
re s
old
L
ocal
�
- �
- �
- -
� �
� �
Dis
tant
(w
ithin
sta
te)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� D
ista
nt (
outs
ide
stat
e)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� Po
st h
arve
st lo
sses
8.
64
4.27
7.
03
43.7
3 21
.44
2.30
5.
74
5.30
2.
47
13.8
2 11
4.72
St
one
frui
ts
Prod
uctio
n 75
5.36
31
3.64
32
8.59
28
8.01
11
77.0
5 13
4.23
35
4.53
43
4.74
10
24
1183
59
93
Con
sum
ptio
n 7.
55
3.14
3.
29
2.88
11
.77
1.34
3.
55
4.35
10
.24
11.8
3 59
.93
Mar
kete
d su
rplu
s 74
7.81
31
0.50
32
5.30
28
5.13
11
65.2
8 13
2.89
35
0.98
43
0.39
10
13.7
6 11
71.1
7 59
33.0
7
Mar
kets
whe
re s
old
L
ocal
�
- �
- �
- �
� �
� �
Dis
tant
(w
ithin
sta
te)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� D
ista
nt (
outs
ide
stat
e)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� Po
st h
arve
st lo
sses
15
.11
6.27
6.
57
5.76
23
.54
2.68
7.
09
8.69
20
.48
23.6
6 11
9.86
N
uts
Prod
uctio
n 33
.73
67.3
4 51
.28
90.2
6 72
.37
35.9
8 81
.19
41.0
7 58
.47
171.
95
703.
66
Con
sum
ptio
n 3.
37
6.73
5.
13
9.03
7.
24
3.60
8.
12
4.11
5.
85
17.2
0 70
.37
Mar
kete
d su
rplu
s 30
.36
60.6
1 46
.15
81.2
3 65
.13
32.3
8 73
.07
36.9
6 52
.62
154.
76
633.
29
Mar
kets
whe
re s
old
L
ocal
�
- �
� �
- -
� �
� �
Dis
tant
(w
ithin
sta
te)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
117
Dis
tant
(ou
tsid
e st
ate)
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
Post
har
vest
loss
es
0.34
0.
67
0.51
0.
90
0.72
0.
36
0.81
0.
41
0.58
1.
72
7.04
O
ther
tem
pera
te fr
uits
Pr
oduc
tion
364.
41
22.7
3 22
3.05
60
3.11
73
8.09
12
5.62
24
95.7
9 12
5.35
31
.96
646.
22
5376
C
onsu
mpt
ion
36.4
4 2.
27
22.3
1 60
.31
73.8
1 12
.56
249.
58
12.5
4 3.
20
64.6
2 53
7.60
M
arke
ted
surp
lus
327.
97
20.4
6 20
0.75
54
2.80
66
4.28
11
3.06
22
46.2
1 11
2.82
28
.76
581.
60
4838
.40
Mar
kets
whe
re s
old
L
ocal
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
Dis
tant
(w
ithin
sta
te)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� D
ista
nt (
outs
ide
stat
e)
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� Po
st h
arve
st lo
sses
7.
29
0.45
4.
46
12.0
6 14
.76
2.51
49
.92
2.51
0.
64
12.9
2 10
7.52
C
itrus
Pr
oduc
tion
80.1
4 0.
37
1.61
3.
59
31.3
4 0.
04
3.87
2.
57
9.22
5.
97
139
Con
sum
ptio
n 8.
01
0.04
0.
16
0.36
3.
13
0.00
0.
39
0.26
0.
92
0.60
13
.90
Mar
kete
d su
rplu
s 72
.13
0.33
1.
45
3.23
28
.21
0.04
3.
48
2.31
8.
30
5.37
12
5.10
M
arke
ts w
here
sol
d
Loc
al
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� D
ista
nt (
with
in s
tate
) �
- �
� �
- �
� �
� �
Dis
tant
(ou
tsid
e st
ate)
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Post
har
vest
loss
es
0.80
0.
00
0.02
0.
04
0.31
0.
00
0.04
0.
03
0.09
0.
06
1.39
M
ango
Pr
oduc
tion
232.
96
0.00
23
.79
0.00
18
8.14
0.
00
262.
99
0.00
10
4.81
0.
31
812.
98
Con
sum
ptio
n 23
.30
0.00
2.
38
0.00
18
.81
0.00
26
.30
0.00
10
.48
0.03
81
.30
Mar
kete
d su
rplu
s 20
9.66
0.
00
21.4
1 0.
00
169.
33
0.00
23
6.69
0.
00
94.3
3 0.
28
731.
68
Mar
kets
whe
re s
old
L
ocal
�
- �
- �
- �
- �
� �
Dis
tant
(w
ithin
sta
te)
� -
� -
� -
� -
� -
� D
ista
nt (
outs
ide
stat
e)
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- Po
st h
arve
st lo
sses
4.
66
0.00
0.
48
0.00
3.
76
0.00
5.
26
0.00
2.
10
0.01
16
.26
Oth
er su
b-tr
opic
al f
ruits
Pr
oduc
tion
40.0
9 0.
00
17.5
1 0.
00
12.8
7 0.
01
7.68
0.
00
1.55
0.
00
79.7
2 C
onsu
mpt
ion
4.01
0.
00
1.75
0.
00
1.29
0.
00
0.77
0.
00
0.16
0.
00
7.97
M
arke
ted
surp
lus
36.0
8 0.
00
15.7
6 0.
00
11.5
8 0.
01
6.91
0.
00
1.40
0.
00
71.7
5 M
arke
ts w
here
sol
d
Loc
al
� -
� -
� �
� -
� -
� D
ista
nt (
with
in s
tate
) -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Dis
tant
(ou
tsid
e st
ate)
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Post
har
vest
loss
es
2.00
0.
00
0.88
0.
00
0.64
0.
00
0.38
0.
00
0.08
0.
00
3.99
So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
118
Tab
le 5
.11
Blo
ck-w
ise
Prod
uctio
n an
d D
ispo
sal o
f Liv
esto
ck P
rodu
cts a
nd L
ives
tock
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Part
icul
ars
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bal
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
Milk
(Ton
nes/
Yea
r)
Prod
uctio
n 13
456.
43
8694
.06
2360
8.76
10
108.
61
3734
6.03
57
40.0
6 11
032.
28
2008
4.45
16
718.
53
1948
5.20
16
6274
.40
Con
sum
ptio
n 54
51.9
7 53
26.4
0 76
38.6
3 69
04.3
8 27
578.
24
2544
.62
5810
.66
1119
4.24
94
61.1
2 94
32.4
3 91
342.
68
Mar
kete
d su
rplu
s 80
04.4
7 33
67.6
6 15
970.
13
3204
.23
9767
.79
3195
.44
5221
.62
8890
.21
7257
.41
1005
2.76
74
931.
72
Woo
l(Ton
nes/
Yea
r)
Prod
uctio
n 1.
52
46.2
1 10
.67
3.97
3.
15
3.59
2.
35
4.19
27
.25
2.88
10
5.78
C
onsu
mpt
ion
1.52
23
.11
6.74
3.
07
2.05
2.
09
1.98
2.
59
17.2
5 1.
80
68.2
0 M
arke
ted
surp
lus
0.00
23
.11
3.93
0.
90
1.10
1.
50
0.36
1.
60
10
1.08
37
.58
Shee
p/go
at
mar
kete
d (N
o./Y
ear)
843
6223
41
86
822
745
607
676
478
4172
90
6 19
658
Cat
tle a
nd b
uffa
loes
m
arke
ted
(No.
/Yea
r)
289
232
590
283
538
104
165
226
303
506
3236
Equ
ines
mar
kete
d
(No.
/ ye
ar)
13
53
79
15
25
7 8
36
21
83
340
Poul
try
bird
s
mar
kete
d (N
o. /y
r )
180
721
250
214
119
69
67
402
140
114
2276
Egg
s m
arke
ted
( N
o./y
r )
1795
0 72
060
2500
0 21
400
1191
0 68
70
6660
40
240
1403
0 11
390
2275
10
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey
2007
-08
119
Tab
le 5
.12
Blo
ck-w
ise
Agr
icul
tura
l Inf
rast
ruct
ure
(Num
ber)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Part
icul
ars
B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
Col
lect
ion
cent
res
E
- -
- 1
- 1
- -
- -
2 R
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 20
M
arke
t yar
d/ s
ub-
yard
E
1
1 2
1 1
1 8
R
1
1 1
1
1
1
5 M
arke
t in
form
atio
n ce
ntre
E
1
1 2
1 1
1 7
R
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10
Co-
oper
ativ
e in
put s
ocie
ty
E
26
35
43
88
115
26
59
43
58
66
559
R
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
20
Ban
k br
anch
es
E
8 7
13
22
80
8 19
16
20
15
20
8 R
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 20
A
gric
ultu
re s
ale
cent
res
E
3 2
4 2
8 -
2 4
2 3
30
R
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10
Gov
t. fe
rtili
zer
sale
cen
tre
E
2 11
9
14
8 -
7 10
11
14
86
R
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
Sa
le c
entr
es o
f ag
ro-i
ndus
trie
s/
IFFC
O/ H
IMFE
D
E
- -
- -
- -
- 1
3 1
5 R
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 10
HIM
FED
W
hole
sale
ce
ntre
s
E
8 R
2
Hor
ticul
ture
sal
e ce
ntre
s E
5
6 6
22
7 13
9
16
17
11
99
R
T
ruck
uni
on
E
1 -
1 1
1 -
- 1
1 1
7 R
-
- -
- -
- 1
--
- -
1 N
ote:
E: E
xist
ing,
R: R
equi
red
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
120
Tab
le 5
.13
Blo
ck-w
ise
Fina
ncia
l Est
imat
es fo
r M
arke
t Inf
rast
ruct
ure
of L
ives
tock
Pro
duct
s (R
s. L
akhs
) in
Shim
la D
istr
ict
Part
icul
ars
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
o.
Fund
s N
o.
Fund
s N
o.
Fund
s N
o.
Fund
s N
o.
Fund
s N
o.
Fund
s C
hilli
ng p
lant
s 1
12
1 12
1
12
1 12
1
12
1 12
R
efri
gera
ted
vans
1
10
1 10
1
10
1 10
1
10
1 10
Pa
ckag
ing
mac
hine
s 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2
Tot
al
3 19
3
19
3 19
3
19
3 19
3
19
Tab
le 5
.13
cont
…
Part
icul
ars
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
N
o.
Fund
s N
o.
Fund
s N
o.
Fund
s N
o.
Fund
s N
o.
Fund
s C
hilli
ng p
lant
s 1
12
1 12
1
12
1 12
10
12
0 R
efri
gera
ted
vans
1
10
1 10
1
10
1 10
10
10
0 Pa
ckag
ing
mac
hine
s 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 10
20
T
otal
3
19
3 19
3
19
3 19
30
24
0 So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
121
Tab
le 5
.14
Exi
stin
g B
lock
Lev
el S
chem
es in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t
Blo
ck
No.
of
villa
ges
Ben
efic
iari
es
(No.
) Fu
nds (
Rs.
Lak
hs)
Stat
us
Cen
tre
shar
e St
ate
shar
e B
ank
Tot
al
Com
plet
e (N
o.)
Inco
mpl
ete
(No.
) A
dditi
onal
fu
nds
requ
ired
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
Rur
al M
arke
ts
Bas
antp
ur
- -
- -
- -
- -
- C
hirg
aon
- -
- -
- -
- -
- C
hopa
l 1
1000
0 -
- -
3.32
1
- -
Jubb
al
2 50
00
- -
- 3.
32
1 -
- M
asho
bra
- 12
000
- -
- 6.
64
2 -
- N
ankh
ari
1 -
- -
- -
- -
- N
arka
nda
1 50
00
- -
- 3.
32
1 -
- R
ohro
o 1
3000
-
- -
3.32
1
- -
Ram
pur
1 16
173
- -
- 3.
32
1 -
- T
heog
1
4020
-
- -
3.32
1
- -
Tot
al
8 55
193
- -
26
.56
8 -
- R
ural
Roa
ds
Bas
antp
ur
35
2000
20
-
7.50
27
.50
33
2 10
00
Chi
rgao
n 23
0.9
km
4000
25
9 11
1
370
90
10
200
Cho
pal
50
8000
21
0 90
-
300
35
15
200
Jubb
al
140
km
1000
15
6.80
83
.2
- 24
0 80
20
%
300
Mas
hobr
a 25
km
30
00
28
12
- 40
20
5
200
Nan
khar
i 92
km
58
31
220.
5 94
.50
- 31
5 80
km
12
km
32
5 N
arka
nda
24 k
m
1063
0 73
.50
31.5
0 -
105
- -
100
Roh
roo
740.
08 k
m
3660
82
9 -
355
1184
-
- 40
0 R
ampu
r
910.
4 km
40
000
1020
43
7 -
1457
80
20
%
500
The
og
25 k
m
3000
0 28
12
-
40
25 k
m
- 20
0 T
otal
22
72.3
8 10
8121
28
44.8
0 87
1.20
36
2.50
40
78.5
0 44
3 84
34
25
122
Tab
le 5
.14
cont
...
Blo
ck
No.
of
villa
ges
Ben
efic
iari
es
(No.
) Fu
nds
(Rs.
Lakh
s)
Stat
us
Cen
tre
shar
e St
ate
shar
e B
ank
(N
AB
AR
D)
Tot
al
Com
plet
e (N
o.)
In
com
plet
e (N
o.)
A
dditi
onal
fu
nds
requ
ired
(Rs.
lakh
s)
Bri
dges
B
asan
tpur
5
2000
-
16
4 20
5
- -
Chi
rgao
n 13
30
00
- 41
.60
10.4
0 52
10
3
15
Cho
pal
55
6000
-
176
44
220
50
5 25
Ju
bbal
1
500
- 4
5
1 -
15
Mas
hobr
a 5
2000
-
16
4 20
5
- 25
N
ankh
ari
2 50
0 -
8 2
10
- -
5 N
arka
nda
- -
- -
- -
- -
- R
ohro
o 19
36
60
- 76
19
95
-
- 30
R
ampu
r 6
1614
3 -
30
- 30
-
- 10
T
heog
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tot
al
106
3383
3 -
367.
6 84
.40
452
71
8 12
5.0
Oth
er E
xist
ing
Agr
icul
tura
l Sch
emes
B
asan
tpur
5
1200
20
3
- 23
1
4 20
C
hirg
aon
- -
- -
- -
- -
- C
hopa
l 2
5000
9
1 -
10
1 1
5 Ju
bbal
10
65
00
18
2 -
20
10
- -
Mas
hobr
a 4
1000
14
2
- 14
-
- -
Nan
khar
i -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Nar
kand
a 5
1003
0 9.
5 2.
5 -
12
5 -
200
Roh
roo
20
3444
-
5 -
5 -
- 5
Ram
pur
2 88
-
- 12
.44
12.4
4 -
- -
The
og
5 50
00
22.5
7.
5 -
30.0
0 -
- 10
0
Tot
al
53
3226
2 93
23
12
.44
126.
44
17
4 33
0
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
123
Tab
le 5
.15
Blo
ck-w
ise
Stat
us o
f Hum
an R
esou
rce
for
Agr
icul
tura
l Dev
elop
men
t in
Shim
la D
istr
ict (
Num
ber)
Blo
ck
SMS
(Agr
i) A
DO
s A
EO
s SM
S (H
orti)
H
DO
s
S P
R
S P
R
S P
R
S P
R
S P
R
Bas
antp
ur
1 1
- 2
0 3
8 3
7 -
- 1
1 1
1 C
hirg
aon
1 -
- 2
- -
6 1
- -
- 1
1 1
1 C
hopa
l 1
- -
2 -
- 8
1 -
- -
1 2
- -
Jubb
al
1 -
2
1 2
8 1
- 1
1 -
4 2
- M
asho
bra
1 1
- 2
1 -
8 4
- -
- 1
1 1
- N
ankh
ari
1 -
1 1
1 -
- -
6 -
- 1
1 1
- N
arka
nda
1 -
- 1
- 1
3 1
- 1
- 1
1 1
- R
ohro
o 1
1 -
- 2
- 1
2 -
1 1
- 2
2 -
Ram
pur
1 -
- 2
1 -
8 2
- 1
1 -
7 7
- T
heog
1
1 -
2 2
- 9
1 -
- -
1 1
1 -
Tot
al
10
4 1
16
8 6
59
16
13
4 3
7 21
17
2
Tab
le 5
.15
cont
……
…
Blo
ck
HE
Os
Sr. V
eter
inar
y of
ficer
s
V
eter
inar
y do
ctor
s
O
ther
s
S
P R
S
P R
S
P R
S
P R
B
asan
tpur
4
2 2
- -
0 3
3 2
28
23
- C
hirg
aon
8 4
- -
- -
3 3
- 21
21
-
Cho
pal
6 3
3 1
1 -
5 2
- 34
33
-
Jubb
al
12
10
- 1
1 -
3 3
1 21
21
-
Mas
hobr
a 5
4 1
2 2
- 9
8 -
62
62
- N
ankh
ari
3 3
- -
- 1
1 1
- 13
12
-
Nar
kand
a 5
5 1
- -
1 6
4 -
28
25
- R
ohro
o -
- -
1 1
- 7
7 -
11
11
11
Ram
pur
19
19
- 1
1 -
11
7 -
174
161
- T
heog
10
10
1
1 1
- 5
5 -
32
31
T
otal
72
60
8
7 7
2 53
43
3
424
400
11
124
Tab
le 5
.15
cont
…
Blo
ck
Ext
ensio
n pe
rson
nel f
or
Bee
kee
ping
M
ushr
oom
s Fl
oric
ultu
re
Fish
erie
s Se
ricu
lture
S P
R
S P
R
S P
R
S P
R
S P
R
Bas
antp
ur
- -
1 -
- 1
- -
1 -
- -
- -
1 C
hirg
aon
- -
1 -
- 1
- -
1 -
- -
- -
1 C
hopa
l -
- 2
- -
3 -
- 1
- -
- -
- 1
Jubb
al
- -
1 -
- 1
- -
1 -
- -
- -
1 M
asho
bra
- -
1 -
- 1
- -
1 -
- -
- -
- N
ankh
ari
- -
1 -
- 1
- -
1 -
- -
- -
- N
arka
nda
- -
- -
- 1
- -
- -
- -
- -
- R
ohro
o -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Ram
pur
- -
1 -
- 1
- -
- -
- -
- -
1 T
heog
-
- 1
- -
1 -
- 1
- -
- -
- -
Tot
al
- -
9 -
- 11
-
- 7
- -
- -
- 5
Not
e: S
– S
anct
ione
d, P
– P
ositi
on, R
– R
equi
red
So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
Tab
le 5
.16
Blo
ck-w
ise
Fina
ncia
l Ass
ista
nce
for
Hum
an R
esou
rce
Dev
elop
men
t in
Shim
la D
istr
ict (
Rs.
Lakh
s)
Blo
ck
Ist Y
ear
2 nd
Yea
r 3rd
Yea
r 4th
Yea
r 5th
Yea
r T
otal
1.
Add
ition
al M
anpo
wer
B
asan
tpur
53
.80
53.8
0 53
.80
53.8
0 53
.96
269.
15
Chi
rgao
n19
.85
19.8
5 19
.85
19.8
5 19
.96
99.3
5 C
hopa
l33
.20
33.2
0 33
.20
33.2
0 33
.26
166.
05
Jubb
al35
.50
35.5
0 35
.50
35.5
0 35
.71
177.
70
Mas
hobr
a12
.05
12.0
5 12
.05
12.0
5 12
.16
60.3
5 N
ankh
ari
26.5
0 26
.50
26.5
0 26
.50
26.7
1 13
2.70
N
arka
nda
18.6
5 18
.65
18.6
5 18
.65
18.7
6 93
.35
Roh
roo
1.55
1.
55
1.55
1.
55
1.71
7.
90
Ram
pur
10.8
0 10
.80
10.8
0 10
.80
10.8
1 54
.00
The
og12
.65
12.6
5 12
.65
12.6
5 12
.76
63.3
5 D
istr
ict
224.
55
224.
55
224.
55
224.
55
225.
71
1124
2.
C
apac
ity b
uild
ing
of
exte
nsio
n pe
rson
nel @
3%
6.
8 6.
8 6.
8 6.
8 6.
8 34
T
otal
(1+
2)
231.
35
231.
35
231.
35
231.
35
232.
51
1158
So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
125
Tab
le 5
.17
Blo
ck-w
ise
Une
mpl
oym
ent S
tatu
s for
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t (N
umbe
r)
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
Edu
catio
n B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
Mat
ricu
late
Mal
e
5894
66
30
1341
0 61
44
4204
4 15
94
6370
10
040
1588
8 13
500
1215
14
Fem
ale
38
20
3283
15
840
6672
35
512
1126
45
83
2640
11
625
9800
94
901
Tot
al
9714
99
13
2925
0 12
816
7755
6 27
20
1095
3 12
680
2751
3 23
300
2164
15
Plus
two
Mal
e 13
99
2730
90
90
4272
12
420
1343
36
40
1072
0 10
385
9000
64
999
Fem
ale
1646
13
33
6660
36
96
8924
68
0 34
45
2200
78
66
7300
43
750
Tot
al
3045
40
63
1575
0 79
68
2134
4 20
23
7085
12
920
1825
1 16
300
1087
49
Gra
duat
e
Mal
e
529
689
2304
34
08
3910
40
8 25
55
3200
29
45
4750
24
698
Fem
ale
848
286
1476
17
76
2438
35
3 20
28
1520
25
96
2650
15
971
Tot
al
1377
97
5 37
80
5148
63
48
761
4583
47
20
5541
74
00
4066
9
Post
gr
adua
te
Mal
e
232
98
459
1536
12
60
119
1365
12
24
969
1330
85
92
Fem
ale
38
4 46
43
2 72
0 69
9 89
16
51
776
1186
66
0 66
43
Tot
al
616
144
891
2256
19
59
208
3016
20
00
2155
19
90
1523
5
Tec
h.
trai
ned
Mal
e
167
163
1485
77
8 36
8 13
6 42
3 18
4 26
4 40
0 43
68
Fem
ale
341
85
1548
20
2 -
77
176
64
56
240
2789
Tot
al
508
248
3033
98
0 36
8 21
3 59
9 24
8 32
0 64
0 71
57
Tot
al
Mal
e 82
21
1031
0 26
748
1613
8 60
002
3600
14
353
2536
8 30
451
2898
0 22
4171
Fem
ale
7039
50
33
2595
6 13
066
4757
3 23
25
1188
3 72
00
2332
9 20
650
1640
54
126
Tab
le 5
.18
Blo
ck-w
ise
Pote
ntia
l Ent
erpr
ises
for
Une
mpl
oym
ent a
nd A
ssis
tanc
e R
equi
red
(Per
cen
t Em
ploy
ed)
Ent
erpr
ises
A
ssis
tanc
e R
equi
red
Mat
ric
Sr. S
ec.
Gra
duat
e Po
st-
grad
uate
T
ech
Tot
al
Tec
h.
Cre
dit
Mar
ketin
g B
asan
tpur
Agr
o ba
sed
�
�
25
15
9 8
7 12
.8
Hor
ti. b
ased
�
�
10
10
10
9 8
9.40
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
15
10
8 7
6 9.
20
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
20
20
25
25
10
20
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
�
2
3 4
5 1
3
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
5
10
12
11
15
10.6
Rur
al in
dust
ry
�
8
10
15
16
18
13.4
0
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
1
2 2
3 15
4.
60
Prot
ectiv
e cu
ltiva
tion
�
�
2 3
4 5
1 3.
0
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
1 2
2 3
1 1.
8
Agr
o to
uris
m
�
2
3 4
5 1
3.0
Anc
illar
y �
9 12
5
6 17
9.
8
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
Chi
rgao
n
Agr
o ba
sed
�
�
15
16
12
11
10
12.8
Hor
ti ba
sed
� �
� 25
20
25
27
12
21
.8
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
10
13
10
8 7
9.6
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
13
12
17
18
9 13
.8
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
�
3
5 6
8 1
4.6
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
8
7 5
2 5
5.4
Rur
al in
dust
ry
�
5
8 7
10
13
8.6
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
10
7
5 3
15
8
Prot
ectiv
e cu
ltiva
tion
�
�
2 2
3 4
2 2.
6
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
�
1 3
3 3
1 2.
2
Agr
o to
uris
m
� �
1
2 2
2 4
2.2
127
Tab
le 5
.18
cont
...
Anc
illar
y �
7 5
5 4
21
8.4
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
Cho
pal
Agr
o ba
sed
�
�
14
17
13
12
10
13.2
Hor
ti. b
ased
�
�
23
22
24
20
11
20
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
9 14
12
10
8
10.6
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
�
12
11
16
15
7 12
.2
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
�
4
6 7
9 2
5.6
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
9
8 6
6 7
7.2
Rur
al in
dust
ry
6
6 4
9 15
8.
0
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
9
3 4
4 12
6.
4
Prot
ectiv
e cu
ltiva
tion
�
� �
3 3
3 3
1 2.
6
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
� �
1 2
3 2
2 2.
0
Agr
o to
uris
m
� �
2
2 1
2 5
2.4
Anc
illar
y �
�
8 6
7 8
20
9.8
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
Jubb
al
Agr
o ba
sed
�
�
14
12
10
9 8
10.6
Hor
ti ba
sed
� �
� 23
24
28
29
10
22
.8
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
� �
11
10
8 9
9 9.
4
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
�
12
15
15
17
5 12
.8
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
�
4
4 7
7 2
4.8
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
7
8 6
3 9
6.6
Rur
al in
dust
ry
� �
6
7 4
9 10
7.
2
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
10
8
8 4
18
9.6
Prot
ectiv
e cu
ltiva
tion
�
�
2 3
2 3
2 2.
4
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
�
2 2
3 2
2 2.
2
Agr
o to
uris
m
� �
1
1 2
1 1
1.2
128
Tab
le 5
.18
cont
...
Anc
illar
y �
�
8 6
7 7
24
10.4
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
Mas
hobr
a
Agr
o ba
sed
�
�
13
11
9 8
7 9.
6
Hor
ti. b
ased
�
� �
24
25
27
30
11
23.4
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
10
9 7
8 8
8.4
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
�
13
16
16
18
6 13
.8
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
� �
5
5 8
8 3
5.8
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
6
7 5
2 8
5.6
Rur
al in
dust
ry
� �
7
8 5
10
11
8.2
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
9
7 7
3 18
8.
8 Pr
otec
tive
culti
vatio
n
� �
2
3 2
3 2
2.4
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
�
1 1
4 1
1 1.
6
Agr
o to
uris
m
� �
2
2 3
2 2
2.2
Anc
illar
y �
�
8 6
7 7
23
10.2
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 N
ankh
ari
A
gro
base
d
�
� 12
10
8
7 6
8.6
Hor
ti ba
sed
� �
� 25
26
28
31
12
24
.4
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
12
11
9 10
10
10
.4
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
�
11
14
14
16
4 11
.8
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
� �
4
4 7
7 2
4.8
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
7
8 6
3 8
6.4
Rur
al in
dust
ry
� �
� 8
9 6
11
12
9.2
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
8
6 6
2 17
7.
8 Pr
otec
tive
culti
vatio
n
� �
1
2 1
2 1
1.4
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
�
2 2
5 2
2 2.
6 A
gro
tour
ism
�
�
1 1
2 1
1 1.
2 A
ncill
ary
� �
9
7 8
8 25
11
.4
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
129
Tab
le 5
.18
cont
...
Nar
kand
a
Agr
o ba
sed
�
�
10
8 6
5 4
6.6
Hor
ti. b
ased
�
� �
27
28
30
33
14
26.4
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
10
9 7
8 8
8.4
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
�
13
16
16
18
6 13
.8
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
� �
3
3 6
6 1
3.8
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
8
9 7
4 9
7.4
Rur
al in
dust
ry
� �
� 7
8 5
10
11
8.2
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
7
5 5
1 18
7.
2
Prot
ectiv
e cu
ltiva
tion
�
�
2 3
2 3
2 2.
4
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
�
1 1
4 1
1 1.
6
Agr
o to
uris
m
� �
2
2 3
2 2
2.2
Anc
illar
y �
�
10
8 9
9 24
12
.0
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
Roh
roo
Agr
o ba
sed
�
�
8 10
5
6 5
6.8
Hor
ti ba
sed
� �
� 28
27
32
30
13
26
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
9 10
9
7 7
8.4
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
�
16
13
18
16
7 14
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
� �
3
3 6
6 2
4
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
9
8 4
7 8
7.2
Rur
al in
dust
ry
� �
� 8
7 10
5
10
8
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
� 5
7 1
5 19
7.
4
Prot
ectiv
e cu
ltiva
tion
�
�
3 2
3 2
1 2.
2
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
�
1 1
1 4
2 1.
8
Agr
o to
uris
m
� �
2
2 2
3 1
2.0
Anc
illar
y �
�
8 10
9
9 25
12
.2
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
130
Tab
le 5
.18
cont
...
Ram
pur
Agr
o ba
sed
�
�
17
20
16
13
13
15.8
Hor
ti. b
ased
�
� �
20
19
21
19
8 17
.4
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
10
15
13
11
9 11
.6
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
� �
11
10
15
14
6 11
.2
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
� �
3
5 6
8 1
4.6
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
10
9
7 7
8 8.
2
Rur
al in
dust
ry
� �
5
5 3
8 14
7
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
10
4
5 5
13
7.4
Prot
ectiv
e cu
ltiva
tion
�
�
2 2
2 2
1 1.
8
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
�
2 3
4 3
2 2.
8
Agr
o to
uris
m
� �
1
2 2
3 4
2.4
Anc
illar
y �
�
9 6
6 7
21
9.8
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
The
og
Agr
o ba
sed
�
�
20
19
21
19
11
18
Hor
ti ba
sed
� �
� 17
20
16
13
10
15
.2
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
11
10
15
14
6 11
.2
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
� �
10
15
13
11
9 11
.6
Inpu
t sup
ply
base
d
� �
4
6 7
9 2
5.6
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
� �
9
8 6
6 7
7.2
Rur
al in
dust
ry
� �
6
6 4
9 15
8
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
9
3 4
4 12
6.
4
Prot
ectiv
e cu
ltiva
tion
�
�
1 1
1 2
1 1.
2
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
�
3 4
5 3
2 3.
4
Agr
o to
uris
m
� �
2
3 3
4 5
3.4
Anc
illar
y �
�
8 5
5 6
20
8.8
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
131
Tab
le 5
.18
cont
...
Dis
tric
t
Agr
o ba
sed
� �
� 14
.8
13.8
10
.9
9.8
8.1
11.4
8
Hor
ti. b
ased
�
� �
22.2
22
.1
24.1
24
.1
10.9
20
.68
Liv
esto
ck b
ased
�
� �
10.7
11
.1
9.8
9.2
7.8
9.72
Mar
ketin
g &
pro
cess
ing
base
d �
� �
13.1
14
.2
16.5
16
.8
6.9
13.5
0
Inpu
t sup
ply
bas
ed
� �
3.
5 4.
4 6.
4 7.
3 1.
7 4.
66
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
�
7.
8 8.
2 6.
4 5.
1 8.
4 7.
18
Rur
al in
dust
ry
� �
� 6.
6 7.
4 6.
3 9.
7 12
.9
8.58
Impl
emen
ts a
nd m
achi
nery
rep
air
� �
� 7.
8 5.
2 4.
7 3.
4 15
.7
7.36
Prot
ectiv
e cu
ltiva
tion
� �
� 2.
0 2.
4 2.
3 2.
9 1.
4 2.
20
Org
anic
far
min
g / v
erm
icom
post
�
� �
1.5
2.1
3.4
2.4
1.6
2.20
Agr
o to
uris
m
� �
1.
6 2.
0 2.
4 2.
5 2.
6 2.
22
Anc
illar
y �
�
8.4
7.1
6.8
7.1
22.0
10
.28
Tot
al
� �
� 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
132
Tab
le 5
.19
Blo
ck-w
ise
Stat
us o
f Agr
i-Bus
ines
s Est
ablis
hmen
ts in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t (N
umbe
r)
Blo
ck
Agr
o sa
le c
entr
es
PAC
S R
ural
han
dicr
aft (
Publ
ic)
Rur
al h
andi
craf
t (Pr
ivat
e )
Exi
stin
g un
its
Req
uire
men
t E
xist
ing
units
R
equi
rem
ent
Exi
stin
g un
its
Req
uire
men
t E
xist
ing
units
R
equi
rem
ent
Bas
antp
ur
3 2
4 2
1 1
- 5
Chi
rgao
n 18
-
- 2
- 4
- 4
Cho
pal
16
5 42
12
10
0 12
10
0 15
Ju
bbal
10
15
27
40
-
1 -
2 M
asho
bra
- 15
-
10
2 15
-
20
Nan
khar
i -
2 -
5 0
4 31
15
N
arka
nda
5 6
- 2
- 5
- 2
Roh
roo
8 3
28
4 53
0 2
- 3
Ram
pur
2 2
- 10
30
5
4 4
The
og
1 7
18
- -
15
18
28
Dis
tric
t 63
57
11
9 87
66
3 64
15
3 98
Tab
le 5
.19
cont
…
Blo
ck
Coo
pera
tives
Pr
oces
sing
so
ciet
y(P
ublic
)
Priv
ate
co-o
pera
tive’
s Fa
rmer
’s C
oope
rativ
es
Oth
ers (
Ver
mic
ompo
st)
Exi
stin
g un
its
Req
uire
men
t E
xist
ing
units
R
equi
rem
ent
Exi
stin
g un
its
Req
uire
men
t E
xist
ing
units
R
equi
rem
ent
Bas
antp
ur
- 2
- -
- 10
-
- C
hirg
aon
- -
- -
31
- -
- C
hopa
l -
- -
- 42
12
-
- Ju
bbal
-
1 -
3 86
10
0 -
- M
asho
bra
- 20
-
20
- 15
-
- N
ankh
ari
- 1
- 1
- 1
- -
Nar
kand
a -
- -
- -
- -
- R
ohro
o -
1 -
- 8
8 1
4 R
ampu
r -
- -
- -
- -
- T
heog
-
- -
- -
1 -
- D
istr
ict
- 25
24
167
147
1 4
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
133
Tab
le 5
.20
Blo
ck-w
ise
Stat
us o
f Agr
o Pr
oces
sing
Uni
ts/E
nter
pris
es in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t
Part
icul
ars
Exi
stin
g Po
tent
ial
Fina
ncia
l/ as
sista
nce
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
Uni
ts
(No.
) Pe
rson
sem
ploy
ed(N
o.)
Inve
stm
ent
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
Prod
./ da
yU
nits
(No.
) E
mpl
oym
ent
pote
ntia
l (N
o.)
Inve
stm
ent
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
Prod
./ da
yT
rain
ing
Res
earc
h D
evel
op
Bas
antp
urA
tta c
hakk
i 50
10
0 1
500q
tl 25
15
0 10
.5
-
- -
Oil
expe
ller
2 1
0.2
200
lit
3 2
0.4
0.
05
- 0.
10
Ric
e sh
elle
r 2
1 0.
1 10
0 qt
l 3
2 0.
24
-
- -
Bak
ery
1 2
0.08
12
qtl
2 3
0.24
- -
- M
aize
she
ller
200
200
8 10
00 q
tl 30
0 30
0 24
2 -
4 V
erm
icom
post
15
0 15
0 37
.50
2500
qtl
200
300
100
5
- 45
M
ushr
oom
com
post
2
4 0.
8 10
qtl
3 4
1.8
0.
2 -
0.6
Rur
al c
raft
s (b
aske
t, ro
pes,
bi
ns, p
loug
h, d
anda
l too
ls)
600
600
60
600
No
200
200
30
2
- 10
.0
Nur
sery
rai
sing
50
50
2.
5 25
lakh
75
75
6
0.
20
- 2.
0 Fl
ower
nur
sery
10
10
1
30 la
kh
15
15
2.25
0.25
-
1 Se
ed p
rodu
ctio
n 10
10
0.
8 10
qtl
15
15
1.8
0.
20
- 0.
60
Potte
ry
3 3
1.05
30
00 N
o 5
5 3.
5
0.25
-
1 Fe
ed m
ill
0 0
0 0
2 20
1
0.
20
- -
Frui
t and
veg
etab
le
proc
essi
ng
0 0
0 0
1 10
0 1.
5
0.20
-
-
Pick
les/
squ
ashe
s 0
0 0
0 10
50
1
0.
25
- -
Puls
e pr
oces
sing
(D
al
papa
d, b
aria
n)
0 0
0 0
1 10
0.
08
-
- -
Bee
keep
ing
equi
pmen
ts
0 0
0 0
10
50
4
0.25
-
1 H
oney
pro
cess
ing
0 0
0 0
1 10
0.
25
-
- -
Woo
l car
ding
0
0 0
0 1
15
0.35
0.10
-
- C
otto
n ca
rdin
g 0
0 0
0 1
10
0.25
- -
- Sh
awl,
woo
llen
garm
ents
0
0 0
0 1
50
0.2
0.
20
- 0.
20
Silk
ree
ling
0
0 0
0 1
10
0.25
0.25
-
0.25
T
otal
10
80
1131
11
3.03
885
1396
18
9.61
11.6
-
65.7
5
134
Tab
le 5
.20
cont
….
Chi
rgao
n A
tta c
hakk
i 25
50
0.
5
17
70
5.1
-
- 1.
5
Oil
expe
ller
1 1
0.1
2
2 0.
3
- -
0.1
Ric
e sh
elle
r
-
- -
Bak
ery
- -
-
Mai
ze s
helle
r 10
0 10
0 4
15
0 15
0 12
10
- 3
Ver
mic
ompo
st
2 20
0.
5
2 20
1
-
- 1
Mus
hroo
m c
ompo
st
- -
-
Rur
al c
raft
(ba
sket
, ro
pes,
bin
s, p
loug
h,
dand
al, t
ools
, etc
.)
- -
-
Nur
sery
rai
sing
25
25
1.
25
10
10
0.
8
0.15
-
0.4
Flow
er n
urse
ry
- -
-
Seed
pro
duct
ion
5 5
0.4
7
7 0.
84
0.
10
- 0.
42
Potte
ry
2 1
1.4
-
- -
Feed
mill
1
10
0.5
0.
25
- -
Frui
t and
veg
etab
le
proc
essi
ng
1 10
0 1.
5
0.25
-
0.50
Pick
les/
squ
ashe
s
5
25
0.5
0.
25
- 0.
25
Puls
e pr
oces
sing
(D
al
papa
d, b
aria
n)
1 10
0.
08
-
- -
Bee
keep
ing
equi
pmen
ts
26
26
10.4
0.10
-
3
Hon
ey p
roce
ssin
g
1
10
0.25
0.10
-
-
Woo
l car
ding
1
15
0.35
0.10
-
-
Cot
ton
card
ing
1 10
0.
25
0.
10
- -
Shaw
l, w
oolle
n ga
rmen
ts
1 50
0.
20
0.
10
- 0.
10
Silk
ree
ling
1
10
0.25
0.10
-
0.15
Tot
al
158
201
6.75
229
527
35.7
2
2.70
-
10.4
2
135
Tab
le 5
.20
cont
….
Cho
pal
Atta
cha
kki
58
58
1.28
11
.6
100
100
25
- -
- 15
Oil
expe
ller
20
40
1 10
0 50
10
0 25
-
1 -
15
Ric
e sh
elle
r -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Bak
ery
1 3
0.4
- 6
20
3 -
0.5
- 1.
5
Mai
ze s
helle
r 30
00
1000
0 3
350
500
1000
5
- 0.
25
- 5
Ver
mic
ompo
st
200
100
1.5
1.5
300
2000
3
- 0.
5 -
2.5
Mus
hroo
m c
ompo
st
- -
- -
- -
4 -
- -
-
Rur
al c
raft
(ba
sket
, ro
pes,
bin
s, p
loug
h,
dand
al, t
ools
, etc
.)
100
500
2 50
00
150
500
3 -
0.5
- 0.
5
Nur
sery
rai
sing
50
50
0 10
25
000
100
100
-
0.25
-
1.5
Flow
er n
urse
ry
3 6
2 10
000
5 20
-
- 0.
20
- 2.
8
Seed
pro
duct
ion
1 G
ovt.
farm
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Potte
ry
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Feed
mill
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Frui
t and
veg
etab
le
proc
essi
ng
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Pick
les/
squ
ashe
s -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Puls
e pr
oces
sing
(D
al
papa
d, b
aria
n)
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Bee
keep
ing
equi
pmen
ts
10
50
0.1
1.5
15
75
0.2
- 0.
10
- 0.
2
Hon
ey p
roce
ssin
g 10
50
0.
1 1.
5 -
- -
- -
- -
Woo
l car
ding
10
0 50
00
10
- -
- 8
- -
- -
Cot
ton
card
ing
8 16
2.
4 -
20
40
5 -
1 -
2
Shaw
l, w
oolle
n ga
rmen
ts
3 15
0.
75
- 10
30
-
- 0.
5 -
2.5
Silk
ree
ling
-
-
- -
- -
-
-
Tot
al
3564
16
338
-
1256
39
85
84.2
-
4.80
-
46.5
0
136
Tab
le 5
.20
cont
….
Jubb
al
Atta
cha
kki
136
282
0.3
290
20
150
10
- -
- -
Oil
expe
ller
- -
- -
15
40
7.5
- 0.
25
- 2.
5
Ric
e sh
elle
r -
- -
- 10
50
10
-
- -
2
Bak
ery
- -
- -
50
80
25
- -
- 5
Mai
ze s
helle
r -
- -
- 50
20
0 25
-
- -
5
Ver
mic
ompo
st
- -
- -
50
200
37.5
-
1.5
- 9.
38
Mus
hroo
m c
ompo
st
- -
- -
20
400
40
- 1.
0 -
10
Rur
al c
raft
(ba
sket
, rop
es,
bins
, plo
ugh,
dan
dal,
tool
s,
etc.
)
- -
- -
30
70
60
- 5.
0 -
10
Nur
sery
rai
sing
-
- -
- 10
40
20
-
0.20
-
4
Flow
er n
urse
ry
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Seed
pro
duct
ion
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Potte
ry
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Feed
mill
-
- -
- 20
55
30
-
1 -
4
Frui
t and
veg
etab
le
proc
essi
ng
- -
- -
2 20
0 40
0 -
1 -
100
Pick
les/
squ
ashe
s 1
5 3
15qt
l 3
20
15
- 1
- 5
Puls
e pr
oces
sing
(D
al p
apad
, ba
rian)
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Bee
keep
ing
equi
pmen
ts
- -
- -
2 7
4 -
0.10
-
1
Hon
ey p
roce
ssin
g -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Woo
l car
ding
-
- -
- 2
10
4 -
0.10
-
1
Cot
ton
card
ing
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Shaw
l, w
oolle
n ga
rmen
ts
- -
- -
1 20
2
- 0.
10
- 0.
50
Silk
ree
ling
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tot
al
137
287
3.3
28
5 15
42
690
- 11
.25
- 15
9.38
137
Tab
le: 5
.20
cont
….
Mas
hobr
a A
tta c
hakk
i 34
34
3.
4 60
0 -
- -
- -
- -
Oil
expe
ller
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Ric
e sh
elle
r -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Bak
ery
12
12
1 14
4 2
2 0.
50
- 0.
10
- 0.
25
Mai
ze s
helle
r -
- -
- -
- -
- 0.
10
- 0.
25
Ver
mic
ompo
st
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Mus
hroo
m c
ompo
st
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Rur
al c
raft
s
2 2
1 20
0 2
2 0.
50
- 0.
10
- 0.
15
Pick
les/
squ
ashe
s 24
48
24
36
0 4
8 4
- 0.
20
- 4
Puls
e pr
oces
sing
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Bee
keep
ing
equi
pmen
ts
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Hon
ey p
roce
ssin
g -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Woo
l car
ding
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Cot
ton
card
ing
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Shaw
l, w
oolle
n ga
rmen
ts
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Silk
ree
ling
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tot
al
72
96
29.4
0 -
8 10
5
- 0.
40
- 4.
65
Nan
khar
iA
tta c
hakk
i 48
48
5.
5 90
0 -
- -
- -
- -
Oil
expe
ller
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Ric
e sh
elle
r -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Bak
ery
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Mai
ze s
helle
r -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Ver
mi-
com
post
75
10
0 4
700
300
400
16
- 1
- 4
Mus
hroo
m c
ompo
st
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
138
Tab
le: 5
.20
cont
….
Rur
al c
raft
(ba
sket
, rop
es, b
ins,
pl
ough
, dan
dal t
ools
) 22
22
1
660
- 0
- -
- -
-
Nur
sery
rai
sing
4
8 2
2000
0 13
26
7
- 0.
50
- 1.
5
Cot
ton
card
ing
- -
- -
-
- -
- -
-
Shaw
l, w
oolle
n ga
rmen
ts
9 9
0.5
75
15
15
1.5
- 0.
25
- -
Silk
ree
ling
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tot
al
158
187
13
32
8 44
1 24
.5
- 1.
75
- 6
Nar
kand
a A
tta c
hakk
i -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Oil
expe
ller
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Ric
e sh
elle
r -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Bak
ery
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Mai
ze s
helle
r -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Ver
mic
ompo
st
- -
- -
10
5
0.
5
1
Mus
hroo
m c
ompo
st
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Rur
al c
raft
(ba
sket
, rop
es, b
ins,
pl
ough
, dan
dal t
ools
) -
- -
- 20
10
0.
10
2
Frui
t and
veg
etab
le p
roce
ssin
g -
- -
- 2
2
0.
10
0.
50
Pick
les/
squ
ashe
s -
- -
- 1
1
0.
10
0.
25
Tot
al
- -
- -
33
- 18
-
0.80
-
3.75
Roh
roo
Atta
cha
kki
70
70
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Oil
expe
ller
6 12
1.
5 Se
rvic
e un
it 12
24
5
- 0.
10
- 1
Ric
e sh
elle
r -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Bak
ery
2 15
15
-d
o-
2 15
20
-
0.20
-
4
Feed
mill
1
7 15
M
T
1 7
20
- 1
- 4
139
Tab
le: 5
.20
cont
….
Frui
t and
veg
etab
le p
roce
ssin
g -
- -
- 5
70
10
- 0.
50
- 2
Pick
les/
squ
ashe
s -
- -
- 4
20
1 -
0.10
-
0.5
Puls
e pr
oces
sing
(D
al p
apad
,)
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- B
eeke
epin
g eq
uipm
ents
-
- -
- 50
20
0 50
-
- -
10
Silk
ree
ling
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Tot
al
79
104
31.5
0
74
336
106
- 1.
90
- 21
.5
Ram
pur
Atta
cha
kki
160
160
16
3 -
- -
- -
- -
Oil
expe
ller
5 5
2.5
450L
-
- -
- -
- -
Ric
e sh
elle
r 15
15
1.
8 6
- -
- -
- -
- B
aker
y -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Mai
ze s
helle
r -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Ver
mic
ompo
st
1650
21
50
82.5
14
850
5000
70
00
150
- 5
- 20
M
ushr
oom
com
post
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Rur
al c
raft
(ba
sket
, rop
es, b
ins,
pl
ough
, dan
dal t
ools
) 70
70
0.
35
30N
o -
- -
- -
- -
Nur
sery
rai
sing
6
12
1.20
30
00
20
30
4 -
0.10
-
1 W
ool c
ardi
ng
55
55
0.55
55
0No
- -
- -
- -
- C
otto
n ca
rdin
g 7
7 0.
07
120N
o 15
15
15
-
1 -
4 Sh
awl,
woo
llen
garm
ents
18
18
0.
18
150N
o 25
25
25
-
1 -
5 Si
lk r
eelin
g
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- T
otal
19
86
2429
10
5.15
5060
70
70
194
- 7.
10
- 12
Tab
le: 5
.20
cont
….
The
ogA
tta c
hakk
i 10
16
30
.35
4320
4
7 2.
40
- -
- -
Oil
expe
ller
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- R
ice
shel
ler
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- B
aker
y 1
2 0.
50
12
2 4
2 -
0.10
0.50
M
aize
she
ller
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- V
erm
icom
post
53
0 53
0 8.
16
36
200
200
6 -
0.20
1 M
ushr
oom
com
post
-
- -
- -
- -
-
Nur
sery
rai
sing
50
0 20
00
2 10
00 p
lot
100
400
400
- 0.
50
- 25
Fl
ower
nur
sery
5
20
5 50
00
5 20
10
-
0.20
-
2 T
otal
10
46
2568
46
.01
31
1 63
1 42
0.40
1.10
28.5
So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
140
Tab
le 5
.21
Blo
ck-w
ise
Fina
ncia
l Ass
ista
nce
for
Agr
o-pr
oces
sing
Uni
ts in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t (R
s. L
akhs
)
Blo
ck
Ist Y
ear
2nd
Yea
r 3rd
Yea
r 4th
Yea
r 5th
Yea
r T
otal
O
vera
ll E
D
E
D
E
D
E
D
E
D
E
D
(E
+D)
Bas
antp
ur
2.32
13
.15
2.32
13
.15
2.32
13
.15
2.32
13
.15
2.32
13
.15
11.6
0 65
.75
77.3
5
Chi
rgao
n0.
54
2.08
0.
54
2.08
0.
54
2.08
0.
54
2.08
0.
54
2.10
2.
70
10.4
2 13
.12
Cho
pal
0.96
9.
30
0.96
9.
30
0.96
9.
30
0.96
9.
30
0.96
9.
30
4.80
46
.50
51.3
0
Jubb
al2.
25
31.8
7 2.
25
31.8
7 2.
25
31.8
7 2.
25
31.8
7 2.
25
31.9
0 11
.25
159.
38
170.
63
Mas
hobr
a0.
08
0.93
0.
08
0.93
0.
08
0.93
0.
08
0.93
0.
08
0.93
0.
40
4.65
5.
05
Nan
khar
i0.
35
1.20
0.
35
1.20
0.
35
1.20
0.
35
1.20
0.
35
1.20
1.
75
6 7.
75
Nar
kand
a0.
16
0.75
0.
16
0.75
0.
16
0.75
0.
16
0.75
0.
16
0.75
0.
80
3.75
4.
55
Roh
roo
0.38
4.
30
0.38
4.
30
0.38
4.
30
0.38
4.
30
0.38
4.
30
1.90
21
.50
23.4
0
Ram
pur
1.42
2.
40
1.42
2.
40
1.42
2.
40
1.42
2.
40
1.42
2.
40
7.10
12
19
.10
The
og0.
22
5.70
0.
22
5.70
0.
22
5.70
0.
22
5.70
0.
22
5.70
1.
10
28.5
0 29
.60
Dis
tric
t 8.
68
71.6
8 8.
68
71.6
8 8.
68
71.6
8 8.
68
71.6
8 8.
68
71.4
3 43
.40
358.
45
401.
85
Not
e: E
= E
xten
sion
, D=
Dev
elop
men
t So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
141
Tab
le 5
.22
Blo
ck-w
ise
Dru
dger
y of
Wom
en (P
er c
ent R
espo
nse)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Part
icul
ars
Mod
e of
op
erat
ions
B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
upal
Ju
bal
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
Agr
icul
tura
l ope
ratio
ns
Clo
d br
eaki
ng
Man
ually
90
68
95
80
67
55
90
75
92
93
80
.50
Usi
ng
digg
ing
hoe
10
32
5 20
33
45
10
25
8
7 19
.50
Padd
y tr
ansp
lant
ing
M
anua
lly
80
85
94
95
N.A
10
N
.A
10
100
67
.71
Man
urin
g &
fe
rtili
zatio
n
Man
ually
50
90
94
65
80
75
85
10
0 10
0 10
0 83
.90
Pow
er
mac
hine
ry
50
10
6 35
20
25
15
0
0 0
23.0
0
Inte
rcul
tura
l op
erat
ions
Man
ually
70
75
90
90
80
85
10
0 10
0 60
10
0 85
.00
Pow
er
mac
hine
ry
30
25
10
10
20
15
0
0 40
0
21.4
3
Thr
eshi
ng &
w
inno
win
g
Man
ually
80
60
85
90
40
10
60
10
0 90
90
70
.50
Pow
er
mac
hine
ry
20
40
15
10
60
90
40
0 10
10
32
.78
Liv
esto
ck r
eari
ng O
pera
tions
Fodd
er
reso
urce
s
Cul
tivat
ed
60
70
10
20
15
40
90
10
40
20
37.5
0 G
hasn
i 50
40
90
80
85
10
0 10
0 10
0 60
80
78
.50
Bot
h 50
40
10
20
15
40
90
10
40
20
34
.50
Fodd
er
cutti
ng
Tra
ditio
nal
tool
s
80
50
80
95
100
95
90
98
90
86
.44
Impr
oved
to
ols
20
50
20
5
0 5
10
2 10
15.2
5
Fodd
er
tran
spor
tatio
n
On
head
/ B
ack
load
84
75
92
10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 95
.10
Tra
ctor
-tr
olle
y 16
25
8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 16
.33
Fodd
er
chaf
fing
Cha
ff c
utte
r 0
0 8
0 15
0
0 5
0 25
13
.25
With
out
chaf
f cu
tter
100
100
92
100
85
100
100
95
100
75
94.7
0
Feed
ing
syst
em
Insi
de
man
ger
2 60
5
25
70
70
10
10
0 10
29
.11
On
floo
r 98
40
95
75
30
30
90
90
10
0 90
73
.80
Feed
ing
prac
tices
St
all
feed
ing
15
20
15
80
50
100
75
60
80
15
51.0
0
142
G
razi
ng
45
30
20
20
50
0 20
40
20
85
36
.67
Bot
h 40
50
65
0
0 0
5 0
0 0
42.5
0 A
nim
al w
aste
di
spos
al
Bio
gas
pl
ant
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
Hea
d/ b
ack
load
70
60
20
10
0 80
75
10
0 65
20
10
0 69
.00
FYM
30
40
80
0
20
25
0 35
80
0
44.2
9
Cle
anin
g of
an
imal
s &
sh
eds
Man
ually
10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0.00
Wat
er
pres
sure
jet
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
Milk
ing
oper
atio
ns
Han
d m
ilkin
g
90
95
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98.5
0
Mac
hine
m
ilkin
g 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Selli
ng o
f m
ilk
With
in
villa
ge
70
70
80
60
70
40
45
50
30
80
59.5
0
Dis
tant
m
arke
t 10
30
0
40
30
5 0
50
60
20
30.6
3
Chu
rnin
g of
m
ilk
Man
ually
40
80
10
50
10
0 35
50
10
50
50
47
.50
Pow
er
mac
hine
ry
60
20
90
50
0 65
50
90
50
50
58
.33
Ani
mal
she
d K
acch
a 90
50
80
65
90
90
80
85
80
82
79
.20
Pucc
ha
10
50
20
35
10
10
20
15
20
18
21.4
0 A
nim
al s
hed
floo
r K
acch
a 80
90
30
90
50
40
80
50
80
40
63.0
0
Pucc
ha
20
10
70
10
50
60
20
50
20
60
37.0
0 So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
143
Tab
le 5
.23
Blo
ck-w
ise
Ava
ilabi
lity
and
Req
uire
men
t of F
eed
and
Fodd
er (K
g/ A
nim
al /D
ay) i
n Sh
imla
Dis
tric
t
Par
ticul
ars
B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
Sum
mer
seas
on
Gre
en
5.33
25
19
22
33
20
17
.66
27.5
5
13
18.7
5
Dry
11
.66
20
5 7.
4 5.
5 5.
65
11
16.2
5 10
6
9.84
6
Req
uire
men
t
Gre
en
20
15
15
15
30
15
20
12.5
15
20
17
.75
Dry
6
10
8 10
5
10.5
5
10
10
8 8.
25
Gap
Gre
en
14.6
7 10
4
7 3
5 2.
34
15
10
7 0.
999
Dry
5.
66
10
3 2.
6 0.
5 4.
85
6 6.
25
0 2
1.59
6
Rai
ny se
ason
Gre
en
28.3
3 25
36
35
24
21
.75
25.6
6 37
.5
30
29
29.2
24
Dry
5
9 0
5 3.
6 9
10
20
10
7.
96
Req
uire
men
t
Gre
en
25
20
15
20
25
21.5
20
20
20
20
20
.65
Dry
5
8 8
8 5
9 5
6.33
5
5 6.
433
Gap
Gre
en
3.33
5
21
15
1 0.
25
5.66
17
.5
10
9 8.
574
Dry
0
1 8
3 1.
4 0
5 13
.67
5 5
0.72
7
Win
ter
seas
on
Gre
en
6.66
10
6.
75
4 10
2
10
7
3 6.
6
Dry
20
12
.5
8.8
15
15
8 18
15
15
15
14
.23
Req
uire
men
t
Gre
en
10
10
8 10
10
12
.5
5 8.
5 10
9
9.3
Dry
15
15
15
15
15
8
18
15
15
15
14.6
Gap
Gre
en
3.34
0
1.25
-6
0
10.5
5
8.5
3 6
3.35
9
Dry
5
2.5
6.2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0.
37
144
Tab
le 5
.23
cont
...
Part
icul
ars
Con
cent
rate
1
1.2
0.8
2 0.
5 1.
12
1.83
1.
2 1.
87
0.9
1.24
2 M
iner
als
0.35
0.
1 0.
3 0.
2 0.
1 0.
1 0.
1 0.
2 0.
4 0.
25
0.21
R
equi
rem
ents
C
once
ntra
te
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 M
iner
als
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Gap
(K
g/ a
nim
al/ d
ay)
Con
cent
rate
0
0.2
0.2
1 0.
5 0.
12
0.83
0.
2 0.
87
0.1
0.24
2 M
iner
als
0.15
0.
4 0.
2 0.
3 0.
4 0.
4 0.
4 0.
3 0.
1 0.
25
0.29
So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
Tab
le 5
.24
Blo
ck-w
ise
Yie
ld G
aps i
n L
ives
tock
(Uni
ts/A
nim
als/
Day
) in
Shim
la D
istr
ict
Prod
uct/
T
ype
of a
nim
al
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
M
ilk (L
/day
)
Cro
ssbr
ed c
ows
6.00
10
.00
4.00
4.
00
5.66
1.
66
5.00
11
.33
6.33
5.
40
13.4
0 8.
00
9.60
13
.40
3.80
L
ocal
Cow
s 3.
33
6.00
2.
67
2.50
3.
66
1.16
1.
58
2.83
1.
25
1.70
2.
60
0.90
2.
60
4.20
1.
60
Buf
falo
es
4.66
8.
00
3.34
6.
00
7.00
1.
00
5.33
8.
33
3.00
0.
00
0.
00
6.60
9.
40
2.80
G
oats
0.
50
0.50
0.
00
0.62
1.
20
0.58
0.
45
0.95
0.
50
0.70
1.
10
0.40
0.
60
1.05
0.
45
Woo
l (K
g/ y
r)
Sh
eep
1.00
1.
40
0.40
1.
10
1.50
0.
40
1.02
1.
45
0.43
1.
00
1.40
0.
40
1.00
1.
40
0.40
Tab
le 5
.24
cont
...
Prod
uct/
Type
of
ani
mal
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
Milk
(L/d
ay)
Cro
ssbr
ed c
ows
6.00
9.
25
3.25
7.
50
12.5
0 5.
00
8.87
12
.00
3.13
6.
00
8.00
2.
00
5.00
13
.20
8.20
6.
34
10.8
7 4.
54
Loc
al C
ows
2.60
6.
00
3.40
1.
62
4.00
2.
38
1.87
2.
12
0.25
1.
50
3.00
1.
50
2.00
3.
00
1.00
2.
13
3.74
1.
61
Buf
falo
es
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
5.00
7.
00
2.00
6.
00
7.00
1.
00
5.00
7.
00
2.00
5.
51
7.68
2.
17
Goa
ts
0.51
0.
96
0.45
0.
75
1.30
0.
55
0.62
1.
16
0.54
0.
48
0.88
0.
40
0.50
1.
20
0.70
0.
57
1.08
0.
51
Woo
l (K
g/ y
r)
Shee
p 1.
05
1.50
0.
45
1.05
1.
40
0.35
1.
10
1.50
0.
40
1.10
1.
50
0.40
0.
95
1.45
0.
50
1.04
1.
45
0.41
N
ote:
A-
Act
ual,
R-
Req
uire
d &
G-
Gap
So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
145
Tab
le 5
.25
Blo
ck-w
ise
Rea
sons
for
Yie
ld G
ap in
Liv
esto
ck P
rodu
ctio
n (P
er c
ent o
f Pan
chay
ats)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Ani
mal
R
easo
ns fo
r ga
p
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
Cro
ssbr
ed
cow
Im
prop
er f
eedi
ng
80
100
100
50
60
70
40
50
90
40
68.0
Shor
tage
of
gree
n fo
dder
70
10
0 70
70
80
10
0 10
0 90
80
10
0 86
.0
Lac
k of
dew
orm
ing
10
0 10
0 10
0 70
80
10
0 90
10
0 10
0 90
93
.0
Infe
cted
by
ecto
para
site
s
100
100
100
70
100
90
90
100
100
90
94.0
Lac
k of
car
e/ m
anag
emen
t
100
80
90
60
70
80
60
90
100
80
81.0
Loc
al c
ow
Low
Yie
ldin
g
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100.
0
Low
car
e
100
100
100
90
80
100
100
100
100
100
97.0
Lac
k of
dew
orm
ing
10
0 10
0 10
0 90
90
10
0 90
10
0 10
0 10
0 97
.0
Infe
cted
by
ecto
para
site
s
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
60
100
50
86.0
Impr
oper
fee
ding
10
0 10
0 10
0 90
80
70
80
10
0 10
0 10
0 92
.0
Buf
falo
es
Impr
oper
fee
ding
pra
ctic
es
100
50
60
- 70
-
- 80
90
70
52
.0
Imba
lanc
ed d
iet
90
70
80
-
60
- -
70
90
80
54.0
Poor
man
agem
ent
100
40
70
- 50
-
- 90
70
60
48
.0
Non
- su
itabi
lity
of c
limat
e
20
90
20
- 60
-
- 60
20
30
30
.0
Goa
t L
ocal
poo
r m
ilk y
ield
ing
br
eed
100
100
100
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
98.0
Impr
oper
fee
ding
pra
ctic
es
90
80
70
60
80
70
80
60
70
60
72.0
Imba
lanc
ed d
iet
70
80
75
80
90
80
85
70
90
90
81
.0
Poor
man
agem
ent
80
60
60
70
80
75
70
60
70
90
71.5
Shee
p
Low
woo
l yie
ldin
g br
eed
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100.
0
Imba
lanc
ed d
iet
90
70
80
60
80
70
75
80
70
90
76
.5
Poor
fee
ding
60
50
60
70
80
80
60
70
80
90
70
.0
Dif
fere
nt g
razi
ng p
ract
ices
50
40
60
80
90
50
70
50
60
90
64
.0
Poul
try
Loc
al b
reed
50
90
70
30
20
40
30
60
40
20
45
.0
Imba
lanc
ed d
iet
70
80
70
50
60
70
50
60
85
40
63
.5
Poor
fee
ding
pra
ctic
es
80
90
80
40
29.0
Col
d cl
imat
e no
t sui
tabl
e
10
40
60
50
70
90
90
20
50
80
56.0
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
146
Tab
le 5
.26
Blo
ck-w
ise
Stat
us o
f Inf
ectio
n, M
orta
lity
and
Ava
ilabi
lity
of T
reat
men
t in
Shim
la D
istr
ict (
Per
cent
)
Typ
e of
ani
mal
dis
ease
B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
I M
T
I
M
T
I M
T
I
M
T
I M
T
I
M
T
1. C
attle
& B
uffa
lo
a. F
MD
5
5 Y
-
- Y
30
1
Y
- -
- 20
30
Y
10
0
Y
b.H
emor
rhag
ic s
eptic
aem
ia
- -
Y
- -
N
4 60
Y
-
- -
10
50
Y
- -
-
c. T
ympa
ny
10
3 Y
30
5
Y
35
2 Y
35
5
Y
20
5 Y
-
- -
d. P
neum
onia
2
30
Y
20
4 Y
10
3
Y
20
5 Y
5
1 Y
-
- -
e. D
iarr
hoea
/ dys
ente
ry
5 -
Y
35
- Y
30
2
Y
30
2 Y
5
1 Y
25
0
Y
f. C
alf
scou
r 2
20
Y
5 2
Y
5 60
Y
6
2 Y
5
3 Y
-
0 Y
g. E
ndop
aras
ites
10
- Y
50
4
Y
50
- Y
55
5
Y
7 2
Y
50
0 Y
h. E
ctop
aras
ites
50
0
Y
60
50
Y
50
- Y
75
-
Y
20
2 Y
50
0
Y
i. R
epea
t bre
edin
g 40
-
Y
20
- Y
10
-
Y
25
- Y
30
-
Y
70
0 Y
Min
eral
def
icie
ncy
(oth
er)
-
- Y
-
- Y
-
- Y
5 2
Y
75
0 Y
2. S
heep
& G
oat
a. P
PR/ C
CPP
20
7
Y
- -
- 35
15
Y
-
- Y
30
2
Y
20
0 Y
b. M
ange
2.
5 0
Y
80
2 N
-
- Y
70
10
Y
5
1 Y
-
- -
c. L
ice
and
ticks
40
-
Y
80
3 N
40
-
Y
85
5 Y
6
1 Y
50
0
Y
d. E
ndop
aras
ites
20
- Y
85
2.
5 Y
-
- Y
70
10
Y
9
3 Y
-
- -
e. D
iarr
hea/
dys
ente
ry
2 -
Y
70
1 Y
10
2
Y
65
5 Y
4
1 Y
20
0
Y
3. P
oultr
y
a. C
occi
dios
is
5 50
Y
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Y
10
2 Y
b. R
anik
het d
isea
se
- -
Y
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- Y
-
- Y
c. F
owlp
ox
- -
Y
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- Y
-
- Y
d. M
erek
’s d
isea
se
- -
Y
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- Y
5
1 Y
4. E
quin
e
a. R
espi
rato
ry d
istr
ess
0 0
Y
-
2
1 Y
10
2
Y
4 3
Y
- -
-
b. C
olic
8
0 Y
-
10
3 Y
15
1
Y
3 2
Y
- -
-
c. I
nter
nal p
aras
ites
1 -
Y
-
30
-
Y
20
2 Y
6
2 Y
-
- -
d. G
land
ers
2 -
Y
-
-
- -
10
1 Y
-
- -
- -
-
147
Tab
le 5
.26
cont
...
Typ
e of
ani
mal
dis
ease
N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t I
M
T
I M
T
I
M
T
I M
T
I
M
T
1. C
attle
& B
uffa
lo
a.
FM
D
45
- Y
-
- -
10
1 Y
10
2
Y
13
1.2
Y
b.H
emor
rhag
ic s
eptic
aem
ia
- -
- -
- -
0.50
0.
3 Y
6
5 Y
2.
05
11.5
3 Y
c.
Tym
pany
60
10
Y
10
1
Y
8 2
Y
- -
- 20
.80
3.30
Y
d.
Pne
umon
ia
80
- Y
-
- Y
7
1.5
Y
12
- Y
15
.60
4.45
Y
e.
Dia
rrho
ea/ d
ysen
tery
75
-
Y
5 1
Y
4 1
Y
24
- Y
23
.80
0.70
Y
f.
Cal
f sc
our
20
- Y
1
0.5
Y
2 0.
5 Y
-
- N
4.
60
8.80
Y
g.
End
opar
asite
s
40
-
Y
2 1
Y
20
5 Y
15
-
Y
29.9
0 1.
70
Y
h. E
ctop
aras
ites
80
-
Y
10
1 Y
30
4
Y
70
- Y
49
.50
1.20
Y
i.
Rep
eat b
reed
ing
25
- Y
5
- Y
30
-
Y
12
- Y
26
.70
- Y
M
iner
al d
efic
ienc
y(ot
her)
-
- Y
Y
20
2
Y
- -
N
5 0.
40
Y
2. S
heep
& G
oat
a.
PPR
/ CC
PP
35
10
Y
- -
- 20
5
Y
3 1
Y
13.6
0 4
Y
b. M
ange
45
-
Y
- -
- 30
1
Y
7 -
N
23.9
5 1.
40
Y
c. L
ice
and
ticks
80
-
Y
- -
- 30
1
Y
21
- N
43
.20
1 Y
d.
End
opar
asite
s 70
-
Y
- -
- 40
5
Y
60
- Y
35
.40
2.05
Y
e.
Dia
rrho
ea/ d
ysen
tery
65
-
Y
- -
- 10
1
Y
18
- Y
26
.40
1 Y
3.
Pou
ltry
a.
Coc
cidi
osis
40
15
Y
40
15
Y
2
0.5
Y
2 1
Y
5.80
6.
85
Y
b. R
anik
het d
isea
se
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- N
-
- Y
c.
Fow
lpox
-
- -
- -
- -
-
- Y
d.
Mer
ek’s
dis
ease
-
- -
- -
- 10
2
Y
- -
- 1.
50
0.10
Y
4.
Equ
ine
a.
Res
pira
tory
dis
tres
s 40
-
Y
- -
- 5
0.5
Y
5 -
- 6.
60
0.65
Y
b.
Col
ic
20
- Y
-
- -
2 0.
5 Y
7
- -
6.60
0.
65
Y
c. I
nter
nal p
aras
ites
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
9 0.
60
Y
d. G
land
ers
- -
-
-
- -
- -
- -
1 0.
1 Y
N
ote:
I-
Infe
cted
, M-
Mor
talit
y, T
- T
reat
men
t & Y
- Y
es
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
148
Tab
le 5
.27
Blo
ck-w
ise
Inte
rven
tions
for
Liv
esto
ck D
isea
ses i
n Sh
imla
Dis
tric
t (Pe
r ce
nt o
f Pan
chya
ts)
Ani
mal
di
seas
es
Inte
rven
tion
B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
Sh
imla
1. C
attle
& B
uffa
lo
a. F
MD
Pr
even
tive
va
ccin
atio
n
10
5 60
5
40
20
90
5 20
20
27
.5
b.H
emor
rhag
ic
sept
icae
mia
Pr
even
tive
vacc
inat
ion
5 5
8 5
20
5 5
5 1
12
7.1
c. T
ympa
ny
Liv
esto
ck
heal
th
awar
enes
s
20
60
70
70
40
5 10
0 20
16
5
40.6
d. P
neum
onia
-d
o-
4 8
20
40
10
5 10
0 5
14
5 21
.1
e. D
iarr
hoea
/
d
ysen
tery
-d
o-
10
70
60
60
10
50
100
10
8 48
42
.6
f. C
alf
scou
r -d
o-
4 10
10
12
10
5
40
2 4
5 10
.2
g. E
ndop
a
ra
site
s
Pr
even
tive
dew
orm
ing
20
10
0 10
0 10
0 14
10
0 80
40
40
30
62
.4
h. E
ctop
ar
asite
s
Prev
entiv
e du
stin
g &
di
ppin
g
100
100
100
100
40
100
100
20
60
100
82.0
i. R
epea
t br
eedi
ng
Bal
ance
d fe
ed
man
agem
ent
80
40
20
50
60
100
50
10
60
24
49.4
Min
eral
de
fici
ency
(o
ther
)
Liv
esto
ck
awar
enes
s pr
ogra
mm
e
5 5
5 5
10
100
5 5
40
5 18
.5
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
149
Tab
le 5
.27
cont
...
2. S
heep
& G
oat
a. P
PR/ C
CPP
Pr
even
tive
vacc
inat
ion
40
5
70
5 60
40
70
5
40
6 34
.1
b. M
ange
Pr
even
tion
dust
ing
&
dipp
ing
5 10
0 5
100
10
5 90
5
60
14
39.4
c. L
ice
and
ticks
-d
o-
80
100
80
100
12
100
100
5 60
42
67
.9
d. E
ndop
a ra
site
s D
ewor
min
g
40
100
5 10
0 18
5
100
5 80
10
0 55
.3
e. D
iarr
hoea
/
d
ysen
tery
L
ives
tock
he
alth
aw
aren
ess
4 10
0 20
10
0 8
40
100
5 20
36
43
.3
3. P
oultr
y
a. C
occi
dios
is
Prev
entiv
e he
alth
aw
aren
ess
10
5 5
5 5
5 80
80
4
4 20
.3
b. R
anik
het
dise
ase
Prev
entiv
e va
ccin
atio
n
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5.0
c Fo
wlp
ox
5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5.
0 d
Mer
ek’s
di
seas
e
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
20
5 6.
5
4. E
quin
e.
a. R
espi
rato
ry
dis
tres
s A
vaila
bilit
y of
ant
ibio
tic
1 5
4 20
8
5 80
5
2 4
13.4
b. C
olic
D
ewor
min
g
16
5 20
30
6
5 40
5
2 4
13.3
c.
Int
erna
l pa
rasi
tes
Dew
orm
ing
2
5 60
40
12
5
5 5
2 4
14.0
d. G
land
ers
Hea
lth
awar
enes
s pr
ogra
mm
e
4 5
5 20
5
5 5
5 2
4 6.
0
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
150
Tab
le 5
.28
Blo
ck-w
ise
Plan
ting
Mat
eria
l Use
d, R
equi
red
and
Gap
in F
ruit
Plan
ts in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t(N
o. o
f Pla
nts/
Ha)
Frui
tB
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
A
R
G
A
R
G
A
R
G
A
R
G
A
R
G
A
R
G
App
le
350
278
72
375
300
75
500
300
200
250
250
0 30
0 25
0 50
31
2 27
8 34
spur
55
0 50
0 50
56
2 50
0 62
54
0 50
0 40
43
7 43
7 0
510
500
12
520
500
20
Pear
45
0 40
0 50
47
5 40
0 75
50
0 40
0 10
0 41
0 40
0 10
41
0 40
0 10
42
0 40
0 20
Plum
40
0 27
8 12
2 41
0 27
8 13
2 40
0 27
8 12
2 37
5 27
8 97
43
7 27
8 15
9 32
0 27
8 42
Apr
icot
35
0 27
8 72
30
0 27
8 22
32
5 27
8 47
38
0 27
8 10
2 35
0 27
8 72
35
0 27
8 72
Peac
h 51
0 50
0 10
47
5 50
0 25
52
0 50
0 20
51
0 50
0 10
35
0 50
0 15
0 40
0 50
0 10
0
Alm
ond
400
278
122
400
278
122
425
278
147
350
278
72
437
278
159
400
278
122
Che
rry
30
0 27
8 22
35
0 27
8 72
32
5 27
8 47
32
0 27
8 42
31
8 27
8 50
32
5 27
8 47
Citr
us
275
156
119
- -
- 30
0 15
6 14
4 -
- -
220
156
64
- -
-
Man
go
400
333
67
410
333
77
350
333
17
375
333
42
400
333
77
375
333
42
Tab
le 5
.28
cont
…...
Frui
t N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t A
R
G
A
R
G
A
R
G
A
R
G
A
R
G
A
pple
35
0 25
0 10
0 37
5 25
0 +1
25
375
250
+125
31
2 30
0 12
34
9.90
27
0.60
79
.30
spur
56
0 50
0 60
62
5 50
0 +1
25
500
500
0 50
0 50
0 0
530.
40
493.
70
36.7
0 Pe
ar
420
400
20
425
400
25
410
400
10
400
400
0 43
2.00
40
0.00
0.
32
Plum
30
0 27
8 22
32
0 27
8 42
43
0 27
8 15
2 35
0 27
8 72
37
4.20
27
8.00
96
.20
Apr
icot
32
5 27
8 47
35
0 27
8 72
35
0 27
8 72
32
0 27
8 42
34
0.00
27
8.00
0.
62
Peac
h 47
5 50
0 25
52
0 50
0 20
36
0 50
0 14
0 45
0 50
0 50
45
7.00
50
0.00
43
.00
Alm
ond
437
275
162
300
278
22
380
278
102
310
278
32
383.
90
277.
70
106.
20
Che
rry
50
0 30
0 20
0 30
0 27
8 22
36
0 27
8 82
32
0 27
8 42
34
1.80
28
0.20
61
.60
Citr
us
300
156
144
250
156
94
250
156
94
- -
- 38
1.50
33
3.00
48
.50
Man
go
405
333
72
350
333
17
350
333
17
400
333
167
265.
83
156.
00
109.
83
Not
e: A
- A
ctua
l, R
- R
equi
red
& G
- G
ap
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
151
Tab
le 5
.29
Blo
ck-w
ise
Yie
ld G
ap in
Fru
it C
rops
in S
him
la D
istr
ict (
MT
/ Ha)
Cro
p B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
App
le
1.92
2.
40
0.48
8.
38
11.9
8 3.
59
7.19
8.
98
1.80
5.
99
7.47
1.
49
8.98
11
.98
2.99
Pear
3.
83
4.79
0.
96
2.99
5.
39
2.40
3.
59
7.19
3.
59
4.79
5.
99
1.20
4.
19
7.19
2.
99
Ston
e fr
uit
4.79
5.
39
0.60
3.
59
4.79
1.
20
2.99
4.
79
1.80
3.
11
3.95
0.
84
4.79
5.
99
1.20
Nut
s 0.
30
0.38
0.
08
0.38
0.
48
0.11
0.
35
0.45
0.
11
0.41
0.
52
0.11
0.
39
0.53
0.
14
Oth
er te
mpe
rate
fru
its
11.5
4 13
.84
2.31
5.
77
9.23
3.
46
9.23
11
.54
2.31
12
.69
16.1
5 3.
46
13.8
4 16
.15
2.31
Citr
us
0.40
0.
46
0.07
0.
12
0.17
0.
05
0.13
0.
17
0.04
0.
14
0.19
0.
05
0.17
0.
20
0.03
Man
go
3.06
4.
28
1.22
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
1.96
2.
45
0.49
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
2.94
3.
43
0.49
Oth
er s
ub-t
ropi
cal f
ruits
1.
22
1.84
0.
61
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
98
1.35
0.
37
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
86
1.10
0.
24
Tab
le 5
.29
cont
......
Cro
p N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
A
P G
A
P
G
App
le
5.99
7.
47
1.49
3.
59
8.98
5.
39
5.99
7.
47
1.49
3.
59
7.19
3.
59
7.19
11
.98
4.79
5.
88
8.59
2.
71
Pear
2.
87
4.79
1.
92
2.92
4.
19
1.27
3.
04
4.79
1.
75
2.92
4.
79
1.87
3.
11
5.99
2.
87
3.43
5.
51
2.08
Ston
e fr
uit
1.51
1.
80
0.29
2.
08
3.14
1.
05
2.40
3.
59
1.20
5.
03
7.67
2.
63
5.01
5.
63
0.62
3.
53
4.67
1.
14
Nut
s 0.
32
0.45
0.
14
0.41
0.
61
0.20
0.
33
0.48
0.
15
0.36
0.
61
0.24
0.
42
0.61
0.
18
0.37
0.
51
0.14
O
ther
tem
pera
te
frui
ts
6.92
10
.38
3.46
16
.15
19.6
1 3.
46
6.92
11
.54
4.61
6.
23
11.5
4 5.
31
13.1
5 16
.15
3.00
10
.24
13.6
1 3.
37
Citr
us
0.11
0.
13
0.03
0.
15
0.17
0.
02
0.14
0.
18
0.04
0.
16
0.18
0.
02
0.15
0.
17
0.02
0.
17
0.20
0.
04
Man
go
0.00
0.
00
0.00
3.
18
3.67
0.
49
0.00
0.
00
0.00
2.
45
3.30
0.
86
1.22
1.
71
0.49
2.
47
3.14
0.
67
Oth
er s
ub-t
ropi
cal
frui
ts
0.24
0.
49
0.24
0.
73
1.22
0.
49
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
61
0.86
0.
24
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
77
1.14
0.
37
Not
e: A
- A
ctua
l, R
- R
equi
red
& G
- G
ap
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
152
Tab
le 5
.30
Blo
ck-w
ise
Var
ieta
l and
Tec
hnol
ogic
al P
robl
ems o
f Fru
it, F
low
er a
nd F
odde
r C
rops
in S
him
la D
istr
ict (
Per
cent
of
Pan
chay
ats)
Cro
p/ P
robl
ems
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
App
le
L
ack
of ir
riga
tion
faci
litie
s
90
20
70
60
70
70
60
50
70
60
62
Lac
k of
trai
ning
and
pr
unin
g kn
ow-h
ow
80
50
60
10
20
30
20
20
40
30
36
Atta
ck o
f in
sect
pes
t lik
e ca
nker
, woo
lly a
phid
, st
em b
orer
, aph
ids
, th
rips
,mite
s an
d sn
ails
, ne
mat
ode
etc.
90
20
50
60
70
50
40
70
80
50
58
Atta
ck o
f di
seas
es li
ke
vira
l rot
dis
ease
s,
wilt
ing,
fru
it dr
oppi
ng,
prem
atur
e le
af f
all ,
sun
bu
rn to
ste
m b
orer
, sca
b,
etc.
100
40
60
70
80
50
40
60
70
60
63
Dam
age
to f
ruit
crop
s du
e to
hai
l sto
rm
10
20
30
30
40
50
50
20
20
50
32
Lac
k of
col
our
deve
lopm
ent i
n ro
yal
delic
ious
var
ietie
s
70
10
20
20
20
10
10
20
20
10
21
Imba
lanc
ed u
se o
f fe
rtili
zers
and
soi
l pr
oble
ms
70
70
60
30
50
50
40
30
50
60
51
Poor
fru
it se
tting
and
in
adeq
uate
pol
liniz
er
60
20
30
20
30
40
30
40
50
40
36
Non
-ava
ilabi
lity
of
qual
ity p
lant
ing
mat
eria
l 80
70
60
30
40
50
40
40
50
60
52
Unt
imel
y an
d no
n-av
aila
bilit
y of
cri
tical
in
puts
70
60
50
40
50
60
50
60
50
40
53
Atta
ck o
f ba
ts, b
irds
and
m
onke
ys
60
40
30
20
40
50
30
40
50
40
40
153
Tab
le 5
.30
cont
….
Citr
us
Lac
k of
tech
nica
l kn
ow-h
ow
20
70
60
20
80
80
70
60
50
70
58
Inse
ct-p
est p
robl
ems
like
root
bor
er
40
20
40
50
20
30
20
40
40
30
33
Man
go
L
ack
of s
cien
tific
kn
owle
dge
60
-
70
- 50
-
40
- 50
70
56
.67
Phys
iolo
gica
l dis
orde
r du
e to
nut
ritio
nal
imba
lanc
e
40
- 60
-
60
- 50
-
40
80
55
Atta
ck o
f di
seas
e lik
e ro
ot b
orne
dis
ease
s,
etc.
50
- 60
-
50
- 60
-
60
60
56.6
7
Litc
hi
Fa
rmer
s ar
e st
ill
prac
tisin
g th
e tr
aditi
onal
met
hods
of
plan
ting
and
yiel
d is
lo
w
80
- -
- 60
-
50
- 60
-
62.5
Non
-ava
ilabi
lity
of
good
qua
lity
plan
ting
mat
eria
l
70
- -
- 50
-
40
- 60
-
55
Che
rry
M
arke
ting
prob
lem
40
50
60
30
40
50
20
70
20
20
40
St
one
frui
t
Low
yie
ld
40
50
20
10
20
10
20
10
20
50
25
Ter
mite
and
leaf
bor
er
prob
lem
50
30
30
30
20
20
30
40
50
10
31
Lea
f cu
rlin
g pr
oble
m
in a
lmon
d
60
20
10
20
10
10
30
30
40
20
25
Pear
Plan
ting
mat
eria
l is
not a
vaila
ble
40
30
40
20
10
30
20
40
30
20
28
154
Tab
le 5
.30
cont
….
Flor
icul
ture
Ir
riga
tion
prob
lem
80
20
30
20
40
50
40
30
60
30
40
M
arke
ting
prob
lem
90
80
70
60
50
60
50
80
80
20
64
C
old
stor
age
prob
lem
10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 Fo
dder
Scar
city
of
fodd
er in
w
inte
rs
50
20
30
70
60
20
20
10
20
60
36
Lac
k of
nut
ritio
us a
nd
qual
ity f
odde
r pl
ants
in
the
area
70
40
50
60
50
50
50
40
50
40
50
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
Tab
le 5
.31
Blo
ck-w
ise
Var
ieta
l and
Tec
hnol
ogic
al In
terv
entio
ns fo
r Fr
uit,
Flow
er a
nd F
odde
r C
rops
(Per
cen
t of P
anch
ayat
s)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Cro
p / I
nter
vent
ions
B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r
The
ogD
istr
ict
App
le
St
reng
then
ing
of
irri
gatio
n sy
stem
:-lif
t ir
riga
tion-
tank
co
nstr
uctio
n-dr
ip
irri
gatio
n
90
20
70
60
70
70
60
50
70
60
62
Org
aniz
atio
n of
trai
ning
pr
ogra
mm
e on
app
le tr
ee
trai
ning
and
pru
ning
80
50
60
10
20
30
20
20
40
30
36
Tra
inin
g to
the
farm
ers
abou
t con
trol
of
inse
ct/
pest
thro
ugh
chem
ical
an
d m
echa
nica
l mea
ns
90
20
50
60
70
50
40
70
80
50
58
Tra
inin
g an
d de
mon
stra
tion
on
chem
ical
use
to c
ontr
ol
the
dise
ases
in a
pple
or
char
ds a
nd ti
mel
y av
aila
bilit
y of
all
type
d
100
40
60
70
80
50
40
60
70
60
63
155
of in
sect
icid
es in
all
the
inpu
t sto
re c
entr
es
A
nti h
ail g
un s
houl
d be
in
stal
led
at a
ppro
pria
te
plac
e in
the
area
and
su
pply
of
anti
hail
nets
to
the
grow
ers
at
subs
idiz
ed r
ate
10
20
30
30
40
50
50
20
20
50
32
Kno
wle
dge
of g
row
th
regu
lato
r to
be
impa
rted
to
the
farm
ers
thro
ugh
trai
ning
s an
d pa
mph
lets
, et
c.
70
10
20
20
20
10
10
20
20
10
21
Aw
aren
ess
abou
t the
ba
lanc
ed u
se o
f fe
rtili
zers
and
st
reng
then
ing
of s
oil
test
ing
prog
ram
mes
of
the
orch
ards
70
70
60
30
50
50
40
30
50
60
51
Aw
aren
ess
abou
t the
po
llini
zer,
ava
ilabi
lity
of
spur
var
ietie
s to
gro
wer
s
60
20
30
20
30
40
30
40
50
40
36
Qua
lity
plan
ting
mat
eria
l m
ust b
e pr
ovid
ed a
t rig
ht
time
80
70
60
30
40
50
40
40
50
60
52
Stre
ngth
enin
g of
inpu
t su
pply
mec
hani
sm
70
60
50
40
50
60
50
60
50
40
53
Ope
ning
of
plac
es li
ke
mon
key
viha
ar,
ster
iliza
tion
prog
ram
me
etc.
for
mon
key
cont
rol
and
awar
enes
s to
the
farm
ers
to c
ontr
ol th
e bi
rds/
bats
60
40
30
20
40
50
30
40
50
40
40
156
Tab
le 5
.31
cont
…
Citr
us
Farm
ers
mus
t be
mad
e aw
are
abou
t lat
est p
acka
ge a
nd
prac
tices
thro
ugh
dem
onst
ratio
n, tr
aini
ngs
etc.
20
70
60
20
80
80
70
60
50
70
58
Farm
ers
mus
t be
mad
e aw
are
abou
t the
Int
egra
ted
Pest
M
anag
emen
t (IP
M)
40
20
40
50
20
30
20
40
40
30
33
Man
go
Farm
ers
mus
t be
mad
e aw
are
abou
t lat
est p
acka
ge &
pr
actic
es th
roug
h de
mon
stra
tion,
trai
ning
s, e
tc.
60
- 70
-
50
- 40
-
50
70
56.6
7
The
re is
a n
eed
to e
duca
te th
e fa
rmer
s th
roug
h de
mon
stra
tion,
tr
aini
ngs,
etc
to o
verc
ome
the
prob
lem
of
dise
ases
and
nu
triti
onal
imba
lanc
e, e
tc.
50
- 60
-
50
- 60
-
60
60
56.6
7
Litc
hi
T
here
is a
nee
d to
edu
cate
the
farm
ers
thro
ugh
vari
ous
exte
nsio
n pr
ogra
mm
es li
ke
fiel
d de
mon
stra
tion,
trai
ning
s an
d pr
ovid
ing
liter
atur
e, e
tc. s
o th
at f
arm
ers
can
adop
t new
te
chno
logy
eff
icie
ntly
and
in
crea
se th
e yi
eld
and
econ
omic
re
turn
s
80
- -
- 60
-
50
- 60
-
62.5
The
re is
a n
eed
to s
tren
gthe
n th
e in
put s
uppl
y sc
hem
e/m
echa
nism
70
- -
- 50
-
40
- 60
-
55
157
Tab
le 5
.31
cont
…
Che
rry
The
re is
a n
eed
to s
tren
gthe
n th
e ex
istin
g m
arke
ting
mec
hani
sm li
ke
oper
atin
g co
ld s
tora
ge f
acili
ties,
etc
. es
peci
ally
for
per
isha
ble
com
mod
ities
40
50
60
30
40
50
20
70
20
20
40
Supp
ly o
f go
od p
lant
ing
mat
eria
l 40
50
20
10
20
10
20
10
20
50
25
Im
part
ing
tech
nica
l kno
w-h
ow to
th
e fa
rmer
s to
con
trol
the
inse
ct-p
est
and
dise
ases
50
30
30
30
20
20
30
40
50
10
31
Impa
rtin
g te
chni
cal k
now
-how
to
the
farm
ers
to c
ontr
ol th
e in
sect
-pes
t an
d di
seas
es
60
20
10
20
10
10
30
30
40
20
25
Pear
Intr
oduc
tion
of p
ear
culti
vatio
n by
pr
ovid
ing
plan
ting
mat
eria
l 40
30
40
20
10
30
20
40
30
20
28
Flor
icul
ture
Impr
ovem
ent o
f ir
riga
tion
syst
em
80
20
30
20
40
50
40
30
60
30
40
Ado
ptio
n of
spr
inkl
er ir
riga
tion
syst
em in
the
flow
er c
ultiv
ated
are
a.
80
20
30
20
40
50
40
30
60
30
40
Stre
ngth
enin
g of
mar
ketin
g m
echa
nism
of
flow
er s
houl
d be
st
reng
then
ed o
n th
e lin
e of
B
anga
lore
flo
wer
reg
ulat
ed m
arke
t
90
80
70
60
50
60
50
80
80
20
64
Dev
elop
men
t of
flow
er a
nd p
lant
ing
mat
eria
l sto
rage
sys
tem
in th
e pr
oduc
tion
and
cons
umpt
ion
area
in
the
mar
kets
.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Fodd
er
N
eed
to s
tren
gthe
n R
& D
fac
ilitie
s to
dev
elop
fod
der
plan
t spe
cies
for
di
ffer
ent s
easo
ns in
the
year
50
20
30
70
60
20
20
10
20
60
36
Evo
lutio
n of
qua
lity
fodd
er p
lant
s th
roug
h re
sear
ch a
nd d
evel
opm
ent
effo
rts
70
40
50
60
50
50
50
40
50
40
50
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
158
Tab
le 5
.32
Blo
ck-w
ise
Fina
ncia
l Ass
ista
nce
for
Oth
er A
gric
ultu
ral S
chem
es in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t (R
s. L
akhs
/ Yea
r)
Blo
ck
Seed
Pl
antin
g m
ater
ial
Fert
ilise
r Pl
ant
prot
ectio
nFa
rmm
achi
neri
es
Soil
hea
lth
Tot
al
Fund
Fu
nd
Fund
Fu
nd
Fund
Fu
nd
Fund
B
asan
tpur
1.
37
0.50
0.
50
1.00
5.
00
10.0
0 18
.37
Chi
rgao
n0.
50
0.50
0.
50
0.50
2.
00
5.00
9.
0 C
hopa
l2.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.50
3.
00
15.0
0 23
.50
Jubb
al0.
50
1.25
2.
00
1.50
5.
00
20.0
0 30
.25
Mas
hobr
a0.
50
1.25
1.
50
1.00
4.
00
15.0
0 23
.25
Nan
khar
i0.
25
1.0
1.50
1.
00
3.00
10
.00
16.7
5 N
arka
nda
0.25
1.
0 1.
00
1.00
3.
00
10.0
0 16
.25
Roh
roo
0.50
0.
50
1.00
0.
50
3.00
8.
00
13.5
0 R
ampu
r1.
00
0.50
1.
00
0.50
2.
50
7.00
12
.50
The
og1.
00
0.50
1.
00
1.00
3.
50
8.00
15
.0
Dis
tric
t 7.
87
8.00
11
.00
9.50
34
.0
108.
00
178.
37
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
Tab
le 5
.33
Blo
ck-w
ise
Yea
rly
Fina
ncia
l Ass
ista
nce
for
Oth
er A
gric
ultu
ral S
chem
es in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t (R
s. L
akhs
)
Blo
ck
1st y
ear
2nd
yea
r
3rd y
ear
4th
yea
r
5th
yea
r T
otal
O
vera
ll E
D
E
D
E
D
E
D
E
D
E
D
(E
+D)
Bas
antp
ur
1.37
17
.00
1.37
17
.00
1.37
17
.00
1.37
17
.00
1.37
17
.00
6.85
85
.00
91.8
5 C
hirg
aon
0.50
8.
50
0.50
8.
50
0.50
8.
50
0.50
8.
50
0.50
8.
50
2.50
42
.50
45.0
0 C
hopa
l1.
50
22.0
0 1.
50
22.0
0 1.
50
22.0
0 1.
50
22.0
0 1.
50
22.0
0 7.
50
110.
00
117.
50
Jubb
al1.
25
29.0
0 1.
25
29.0
0 1.
25
29.0
0 1.
25
29.0
0 1.
25
29.0
0 6.
25
145.
00
906.
25
Mas
hobr
a1.
25
22.0
0 1.
25
22.0
0 1.
25
22.0
0 1.
25
22.0
0 1.
25
22.0
0 6.
25
110.
00
116.
25
Nan
khar
i0.
75
16.0
0 0.
75
16.0
0 0.
75
16.0
0 0.
75
16.0
0 0.
75
16.0
0 3.
75
80.0
0 83
.75
Nar
kand
a0.
50
15.7
5 0.
50
15.7
5 0.
50
15.7
5 0.
50
15.7
5 0.
50
15.7
5 2.
50
78.7
5 19
6.88
R
ohro
o0.
50
13.0
0 0.
50
13.0
0 0.
50
13.0
0 0.
50
13.0
0 0.
50
13.0
0 2.
50
65.0
0 67
.50
Ram
pur
0.50
12
.00
0.50
12
.00
0.50
12
.00
0.50
12
.00
0.50
12
.00
2.50
60
.00
62.5
0 T
heog
1.00
14
.00
1.00
14
.00
1.00
14
.00
1.00
14
.00
1.00
14
.00
5.00
70
.00
75.0
D
istr
ict
9.12
16
9.25
9.
12
169.
25
9.12
16
9.25
9.
12
169.
25
9.12
16
9.25
45
.60
846.
25
891.
85
Not
e: E
= E
xten
sion
, D=
Dev
elop
men
t So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y 20
07-0
8
159
Tab
le 5
.34
Blo
ck-w
ise
Exi
stin
g an
d Po
tent
ial S
tatu
s of M
ushr
oom
Cul
tivat
ion
in S
him
la D
istr
ict.
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
Blo
cks
Exi
stin
g / Y
ear
Pote
ntia
l / Y
ear
Fi
nanc
ial a
ssis
tanc
e fo
r pl
an p
erio
d
Uni
t (N
o.)
Fund
s U
nit (
No.
) Fu
nds
Exi
stin
g le
vel
Pote
ntia
l lev
el
Bas
antp
ur
3 0.
32
9 0.
96
1.60
4.
8 C
hirg
aon
- 0
3 0.
32
1.
6 C
hopa
l -
0 4
0.48
2.4
Jubb
al
3 0.
32
9 0.
96
1.60
4.
8 M
asho
bra
6 0.
64
12
1.28
3.
20
6.4
Nan
khar
i -
0 5
0.80
4.0
Nar
kand
a 2
0.32
8
1.28
1.
60
6.4
Roh
ro
2 0.
24
8 0.
96
1.20
4.
8 R
ampu
r 1
0.16
5
0.80
0.
80
4.0
The
og
2 0.
16
10
0.80
0.
80
4.0
Dis
tric
t 19
2.
16
73
8.64
10
.80
43.2
0 So
urce
1
Proj
ect D
irec
tor
Mus
hroo
m P
roje
ct C
ham
bagh
at, S
olan
2.
Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
Tab
le 5
.35
Blo
ck-w
ise
Stat
us a
nd F
inan
cial
Ass
ista
nce
for
Bee
keep
ing
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Blo
cks
Exi
stin
g N
o.
No.
of
bene
ficia
ries
A
ssis
tanc
e gi
ven
(Rs.
) Po
tent
ial
Bee
keep
ers
Col
onie
s
N
o. o
f be
nefic
iari
es
Ass
ista
nce
requ
ired
(Rs.
Lak
hs)
Bas
antp
ur
10
1190
4
1,25
,000
11
3.
44
Chi
rgao
n 15
25
00
- 0
5 1.
56
Cho
pal
15
3540
2
30,0
00
10
1.50
Ju
bbal
49
64
50
12
3,11
,500
5
1.30
M
asho
bra
10
12
60
3 36
,000
45
5.
40
Nan
khar
i 9
660
- 0
15
1.80
N
arka
nda
-
0 4
68,4
75
45
7.70
R
ohro
o 24
33
60
2 80
,000
5
2.00
R
ampu
r
15
1240
-
0 20
8.
00
The
og
12
1200
7
2,21
,500
27
8.
54
Dis
tric
t 15
9 21
400
34
8,72
,475
18
8 41
.24
Sour
ce:
1 D
irec
tora
te o
f H
ortic
ultu
re, S
him
la
2 F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
161
Chapter VI
DISTRICT PLAN
6.1 DAP and Sectoral Outlays
Diversification of agriculture is fairly high and Shimla district is famous for production of fruit and off-season vegetables. Based upon the potential of agriculture, horticulture, livestock and allied activities in Shimla district, the comprehensive budget outlay and yearly allocation under various schemes/interventions have been given in Table 6.1. The plan envisages budget allocation among 8 major components of agricultural sectors comprising crop improvements, infrastructure, natural resource conservation/management, niche based potential enterprises, development of horticulture, livestock improvement, human resource and finally research and extension needs. Each component has been further divided into different sub components/interventions to achieve desirable growth in agriculture. The total plan outlay for the district has been estimated at Rs 83,855 lakhs. The yearly allocation came out to be about Rs 12,578.25 lakhs in the first year, Rs 16,771 lakhs in the second, third and fourth years of implementation and remaining Rs 20,963.75 lakhs in the fifth and final year of execution of this plan. Obviously, the plan outlay will foster remarkable growth in agriculture, horticulture and livestock production as highlighted in this section.
Table 6.1 Sectoral Outlay and Yearly Allocation (Rs. Lakhs) in Shimla District
Sr.No.
Schemes Total Plan Outlay
Yearly Allocation I II III IV V
I Interventions to Improve and Enhance Sustainability of Crop Production System
5692 853.8 1138.4 1138.4 1138.4 1423
1 Improvement of productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and spice crops through promotion of HYV seeds including hybrids
250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5
2 Improvement of soil health through vermicomposting, bio-fertilizers, micro nutrients, soil testing, etc.
650 97.5 130 130 130 162.5
3 Protection of crops against biotic stresses (diseases, pests, weeds) and abiotic stresses (hailstorms, drought, flash floods, etc) and other risk factors
850 127.5 170 170 170 212.5
4 Water use efficiency through micro irrigation
2000 300 400 400 400 500
(i) Sprinkler 1900 285 380 380 380 475 (ii) Drip 100 15 20 20 20 25 5 Agricultural mechanization through
popularization of improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/ harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers and
150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5
162
gender friendly post harvesting equipments to remove women drudgery
6 Protected (poly house) cultivation to minimize risk factors and enhance quality and productivity
1542 231.3 308.4 308.4 308.4 385.5
7 Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)
150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5
8 Strengthening of seed production farms and promotion of infrastructure to improve seed production and replacement
100 15 20 20 20 25
II Need Based Infrastructure Development
26613 3991.95 5322.6 5322.6 5322.6 6653.25
1 Irrigation 15738 2360.7 3147.6 3147.6 3147.6 3934.5 2 Improvement of on-farm water
delivery and efficiency of existing irrigation systems
2290 343.5 458 458 458 572.5
3 Rural markets 4648 697.2 929.6 929.6 929.6 1162 4 Rural roads for connectivity 3937 590.55 787.4 787.4 787.4 984.25
III Natural Resource Conservation and Management
44991 6748.65 8998.2 8998.2 8998.2 11247.75
1. Soil conservation of arable and non-arable land through engineering measures
1800 270 360 360 360 450
2. Water harvesting check dams, ponds, tanks, etc
24650 3697.5 4930 4930 4930 6162.5
3. Land improvement 18541 2781.15 3708.2 3708.2 3708.2 4635.25 IV Niche Based Enterprises for Rural
Entrepreneurs 329 49.35 65.8 65.8 65.8 82.25
(i) Organic farming 33 4.95 6.6 6.6 6.6 8.25 (ii) Sericulture 14 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.5 (iii)Agro-tourism 250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5 (iv) Medicinal and aromatic plants 12 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 3 (v) Floriculture 20 3 4 4 4 5
V Fruit Production 2520 378 504 504 504 630 VI Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries 1371 205.65 274.2 274.2 274.2 342.75 1 Livestock improvement 846 126.9 169.2 169.2 169.2 211.5 2 Fisheries 525 78.75 105 105 105 131.25
VII Human Resources 1158 173.7 231.6 231.6 231.6 289.5 1 Additional man power requirement 1124 168.6 224.8 224.8 224.8 281 2 Capacity building of extension
personnel 34 5.1 6.8 6.8 6.8 8.5
VIII Research & Extension 1181 177.15 236.2 236.2 236.2 295.25 IX All Sectors & Schemes 83855 12578.25 16771 16771 16771 20963.75
6.2 New Schemes for Agricultural Development
The development strategy unfolds myriads of new opportunities and projects/schemes in agricultural, horticultural and livestock sectors. These schemes have been advocated by both farmers as well as field experts in the district (Table 6.2). New approach to watershed
163
development and soil conservation would include thrust on water/snow harvesting, construction of check dams and other civil engineering works so as to make more productive use of land resource. The fruit plantation and livestock improvement schemes would cover maximum number of villages/beneficiaries to diversify income and livelihood opportunities. Shimla district is well known for horticultural development and entire district has a potential for horticulture development. Substantial provision has been made to improve rural connectivity as many of the remote villages are still isolated from the mainstream of economic development. The marketing infrastructure also needs to be strengthened in order to improve marketing efficiency in commercial crops for the benefit of farmers.
Keeping in view the specificities and agro climatic diversity of the district, protected cultivation and organic farming should be given due attention to increase the profitability of farming and cropping intensity. Budget outlay of Rs 1,542 lakhs has been earmarked for protected cultivation including green/poly houses and nets/anti hail guns (Table 6.3). The entire district has a treasure of scenic spots/tourist resorts, mountain ranges, heritage property and rich culture attracting large number of tourists. Therefore, organic farming and household tourism can play a significant role in enhancing income and other employment avenues. The budget allocation for these innovative schemes has been given in Table 6.4.
Based upon opinion survey and assessment made by officials of agriculture and irrigation department in the district, number of new irrigation schemes can be taken up to increase the irrigated area (Table 6.5). Forty four new lift irrigation schemes can be developed with a command area of 7,358 hectares that may require total budget of Rs 11,057 lakhs. About 113 new irrigation kuhls are proposed that would require Rs 4,681.27 lakhs creating irrigation potential of 3,737 hectares. In this way, additional command area of 7,358 hectares would be created in the district. The total budget earmarked for different irrigation schemes is about Rs 15,738.27 lakhs. The exploitation of available irrigation potential shall lead to an increase in the production of crops especially vegetables.
164
Table 6.2 Block-wise Proposed New Schemes for Development of Agricultural Sector in Shimla District
Scheme/ Block No. of percolation
tank
Villages Covered (No.)
Beneficiary families (No.)
Potential area (Ha)
Funds (Rs. Lakhs)
Water harvesting/ development including tank, ponds, check dams, etc. Basantpur 20 10 400 600 1500
Chirgaon 4 4 171 500 1250
Chopal 25 250 5000 2500 6250
Jubbal 2020 640 3500 360 900
Mashobra 6 6 40 1500 3750
Nankhari 33 17 185 500 1250
Narkanda - - - 800 2000
Rohroo 2002 210 1800 800 2000
Rampur 25 23 90 800 2000
Theog 14 14 90 1500 3750
District 4149 1174 11276 9860 24650
Soil and land conservation
Basantpur 800 100 1200 1200 120
Chirgaon 24 18 105 60 28
Chopal 5 100 2000 1000 150
Jubbal 500 100 5000 1000 750
Mashobra 25 25 1200 200 25
Nankhari 50 50 2500 400 50
Narkanda 2 50 1000 100 100
Rohroo 4 100 2000 200 200
Rampur 3 3 44 23 2.27
Theog 1500 470 6700 915 375
District 2913 1016 21749 5098 1800.27
Horticultural schemes
Basantpur 1 200 400 3000 150
Chirgaon 5 200 2000 1000 200
Chopal 5 100 2000 1000 200
Jubbal 5 200 10000 10000 200
Mashobra 2 525 4000 - 1000
Nankhari 1 102 5831 200 50
Narkanda 3 166 10030 250 150
Rohroo 5 170 11000 6200 320
Rampur 2 2 500 200 50
Theog 5 470 5000 500 200
District 34 2135 50761 22350 2520
Livestock improvement Basantpur 2 250 20000 - 50
Chirgaon 5 170 7000 - 80
165
Chopal 5 50 1000 - 0.50
Jubbal 5 200 12000 - 100
Mashobra 2 525 4000 - 200
Nankhari 3 102 5831 - 30
Narkanda 3 100 4000 - 80
Rohroo 5 170 7000 - 80
Rampur 3 70 2800 - 25
Theog 5 470 5000 - 200
District 38 2107 68631 845.5
Fisheries
Basantpur 2 2 20 1 20
Chirgaon - - - - -
Chopal 5 5 20 - 250
Jubbal 50 50 50 - 50
Mashobra 50 225 4000 - 200
Nankhari - - - - -
Narkanda - - - - -
Rohroo 50 50 50 - 5
Rampur - - - - -
Theog - - - - -
District 157 332 4140 - 525
Other schemes
Basantpur 7 80 1600 400 80
Chirgaon 7 152 2640 - 1.74
Chopal 5 200 10000 2000 100
Jubbal 5 100 500 1000 200
Mashobra 8 525 4000 - 200
Nankhari 1 50 5000 20 20
Narkanda 5 166 10030 250 200
Rohroo 5 40 200 1000 100
Rampur 1 1 35 16 7.71
Theog 5 470 10000 3000 100
District 49 1784 44005 7686 1009.45
Source: Field survey, 2007-08
166
Table 6.3 Block-wise New Schemes for Protected Cultivation in Shimla District
Block Low cost green house
High-techgreen house
Shade net Anti hail nets/ guns
All schemes
Area Funds Area Funds Area Funds Area Funds Area Funds Basantpur 20.59 257.41 20.59 28.83 41.19 286.24 Chirgaon 20.59 28.83 20.59 28.83 Chopal 10.30 128.71 20.59 28.83 5.15 12.87 36.04 170.41 Jubbal 5.15 64.35 2.57 83.71 10.30 14.42 20.59 51.48 38.61 213.96 Mashobra 5.15 64.35 0.00 0.00 10.30 14.42 10.30 25.74 25.74 104.51 Nankhari 5.15 64.35 2.57 83.71 10.30 14.42 10.30 25.74 28.32 188.22 Narkanda 5.15 64.35 2.57 83.71 10.30 14.42 10.30 25.74 28.32 188.22 Rohroo 5.15 64.35 0.00 0.00 20.59 28.83 0.00 0.00 25.74 93.18 Rampur 5.15 64.35 0.00 0.00 20.59 28.83 0.00 0.00 25.74 93.18 Theog 5.15 64.35 2.57 83.61 10.30 14.42 5.15 12.87 23.17 175.25 District 66.93 836.59 10.30 334.74 154.45 216.23 61.78 154.45 293.45 1542.00
Note: Area in hectares and funds in Rs. lakhs Source: Field survey, 2007-08
Table: 6.4 Block-wise Other Agricultural Schemes and Financial Assistance in Shimla District
Block Organic farming
Sericulture Floriculture Medicinal & aromatic plants
Agro- tourism
Area(Ha.)
Funds (Rs.
Lakhs)
Area(Ha)
Funds (Rs.
Lakhs)
Area(Ha)
Funds (Rs.
Lakhs)
Area(Ha)
Funds (Rs.
Lakhs)
Family(No.)
Funds (Rs
Lakhs) Basantpur 25.0 2.50 10.0 4.0 10.0 6.50 25.0 3.25 50.0 25.0
Chirgaon 51.0 5.10 5.0 2.0 - - 25.0 3.25 50.0 25.0
Chopal 38.0 3.80 10.0 4.0 10.0 6.50 25.0 3.25 100.0 50.0
Jubbal 6.0 0.60 - - - - - - 50.0 25.0
Mashobra - - - - 5.0 3.25 - - 25.0 12.50
Nankhari 38.0 3.80 - - - - - - 25.0 12.50
Narkanda 13.0 1.30 - - - - - - 50.0 25.0
Rohroo - - - - - - 10.0 1.30 50.0 25.0
Rampur 130.0 13.0 10.0 4.0 - - 10.0 1.30 50.0 25.0
Theog 25.0 2.50 - - 5.0 3.25 - - 50.0 25.0
District 326.0 32.60 35.0 14.0 30.0 19.50 170.0 12.35 500.0 250.0
Source: Field survey, 2007-08
167
Table 6.5 New Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise) Block/Schemes No. Amount equired Villages covered Beneficiaries Command area Basantpur 30 260 30 600 200
Lift 10 60 10 200 40 Kuhl 20 200 20 400 160
Chirgaon 10 625 15 450 500 Lift - - - - - Kuhl 10 625 15 450 500
Chopal 54 1350 58 6200 1050 Lift 4 225 8 1200 150 Kuhl 50 1125 50 5000 900
Jubbal 11 8592 230 3000 5728 Lift 11 8592 230 3000 5728
Mashobra 14 1600 25 400 1200 Lift 4 600 10 200 400 Kuhl 10 1000 15 200 800
Nankhari 6 108.75 15 165 87 Kuhl 6 108.75 15 165 87
Narkanda 5 80 15 150 40 Lift 5 80 15 150 40
Rohru 1 60 13 130 40 Lift - - - - -
Kuhl 1 60 13 130 40 Rampur 6 250 8 180 200
Kuhl 6 250 8 180 200 Theog 20 2812.52 100 3000 2050
Lift 10 1500 50 1500 1000 Kuhl 10 1312.52 50 1500 1050
District 157 15738.27 509 14275 11095 Lift 44 11057 323 6250 7358 Kuhl 113 4681.27 186 8025 3737
Source: Field survey, 2007-08
6.3 Input Requirement
To achieve desirable growth impetus in agricultural and allied sectors, the supply of critical inputs is the utmost necessity. The critical inputs are seeds/planting material of major crops and fertilizers. Presently, the supply of seeds is both by the public and private agencies. The supply of vegetable seeds is mainly done by the private companies. However, there is no proper quality/quarantine mechanism to check the supply of spurious planting material. Therefore, seed production, procurement and quality control need more attention.
Balanced use of fertilizers needs to be promoted along with increased use of organic manures and bio fertilizers. The consumption of fertilizers in the district has been presented in Table 6.6. It can be seen that existing supply of major brands falls short of the requirement. The projected fertilizers requirement of major brands in the district as given in Table 6.6 would be around 10,309.52 metric tonnes of urea, 1,233.14 metric tonnes of CAN, 10,105.81 metric tonnes of IFFCO (12:32:16) and 1,574.66 metric tonnes of SSP. There is also increasing demand for vermicompost and bio-fertilizers. The shortage of FYM is also becoming the major concern as requirement is just half of the availability in the district.
168
Tab
le 6
.6 C
onsu
mpt
ion
of F
ertil
izer
s in
Shim
la D
istr
ict
(Met
ric
Ton
nes)
Yea
r U
rea
CA
N
IFFC
O 1
2:32
:16
Ger
man
Mix
ture
(1
5:15
:15)
SS
P M
OP
D
eman
d Su
pply
D
eman
d Su
pply
D
eman
d Su
pply
D
eman
d Su
pply
D
eman
d Su
pply
D
eman
d Su
pply
20
03-0
4 45
70.0
0 22
85.0
0 13
014.
00
6507
.00
8518
.00
4259
.00
4726
.00
2363
.00
5632
.00
2816
.00
7698
.00
3849
.00
2004
-05
4804
.00
2402
.00
1153
4.00
57
67.0
083
76.0
0 41
88.0
0 45
98.0
0 22
99.0
0 23
18.0
0 11
59.0
069
10.0
0 34
55.0
0 20
05-0
6 67
00.0
0 33
50.0
0 47
66.0
0 23
83.0
012
140.
00
6070
.00
6048
.00
3024
.00
3382
.00
1691
.00
7130
.00
3565
.00
2006
-07
6104
.00
3052
.00
6338
.00
3169
.00
1025
6.00
51
28.0
0 76
00.0
0 38
00.0
0 33
36.0
0 16
68.0
064
04.0
0 32
02.0
0 20
07-0
8 68
64.0
0 34
32.0
0 40
06.0
0 20
03.0
092
78.0
0 46
39.0
0 47
70.0
0 23
85.0
0 29
78.0
0 14
89.0
067
48.0
0 33
74.0
0 G
row
th r
ate
8.48
8.
48
-20.
99
-20.
991.
72
1.72
0.
19
0.19
-1
1.97
-1
1.97
-2.6
0 -2
.60
(% p
.a.)
Pr
ojec
tion
for
2012
10
309.
52
5154
.76
1233
.14
616.
5710
105.
81
5052
.90
4814
.41
2407
.20
1574
.66
787.
3359
15.2
4 29
57.6
2 Pr
ojec
tion
mak
ing
al
low
ance
for
cro
p
dive
rsif
icat
ion
@ 2
%
1129
5.61
56
47.8
1 13
97.3
2 69
8.66
1113
9.10
55
69.5
5 53
14.5
3 26
57.2
7 17
61.8
4 88
0.92
6548
.01
3274
.00
Proj
ectio
n m
akin
g
allo
wan
ce f
or ir
riga
tion
@
2%
ove
r
dive
rsif
icat
ion
1235
5.76
61
77.8
8 15
78.5
5 78
9.27
1225
5.24
61
27.6
2 58
55.3
8 29
27.6
9 19
66.4
2 98
3.21
7233
.81
3616
.91
Not
e:
Ger
man
mix
ture
(10
:26:
26)
fert
ilize
r (q
uant
ity =
348
7 m
etri
c to
nnes
) d
istr
ibut
ed o
nly
in th
e ye
ar 2
007-
08 h
as n
ot b
een
acco
unte
d fo
r th
e es
timat
ion
of
the
gro
wth
rat
e So
urce
: i)
Dat
a on
dem
and
of f
ertil
izer
s ha
s be
en e
stim
ated
on
the
basi
s of
fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
ii)
Dat
a on
sup
ply
of f
ertil
izer
s ha
s be
en o
btai
ned
from
Dir
ecto
rate
of
Agr
icul
ture
, Shi
mla
iii
) Pr
ojec
tions
by
the
cons
ulta
nt f
ollo
win
g th
e m
etho
dolo
gy a
dopt
ed b
y Fe
rtili
zer
Ass
ocia
tion
of I
ndia
, New
Del
hi
169
6.4 Projected Outcome and Growth Rates
With the implementation of this agricultural plan in Shimla district, there will be acceleration in the growth rate in agriculture, horticulture and livestock production. The expected growth in different sectors has been contemplated in this section. Agricultural development plans and interventions proposed would lead to overall development of farm sector through resource augmentation (arable land and irrigation), technological interventions and strengthening of institutional linkages through creation of social overheads. With the implementation of plan, there will be increase in arable land, irrigated area and support lands to the extent shown in Table 6.7, which, in turn, would provide growth impetus to agriculture as projected in Tables 6.8 and 6.9.
With the execution of plan, horticulture sector may get a big boost in the district. After realising full potential, apple production in the district would increase from existing 1,85,191 metric tonnes to about 3,28,171 metric tonnes showing around 8 per cent growth in production (Table 6.10). The total fruit production would increase from 2,04,032 metric tonnes to 3,77,324 metric tonnes with annual growth rate of about 8.5 per cent.
The livestock sector may also get a big boost as impressive output growth can be achieved in livestock production as shown in Table 6.11. If full potential output is realised, there will be impressive annual growth of 14.25 per cent in milk production, 7.57 per cent in wool and 3.25 per cent in meat production in the district.
Consequently, the projected sectoral growth in different sub-sectors based upon existing and potential production has been displayed in Table 6.12. Agriculture sector would grow with annual rate of about 7.23 per cent. The projected growth in horticulture sector is estimated to the tune of 8.49 per cent per annum. The highest annual growth of around 14 per cent can be achieved in animal husbandry sector. Thus, with the implementation of District Agricultural Plan, there shall be increase in the gross value output of all the primary sectors. The gross value of all the primary sectors will increase from existing level of Rs 61,743 lakhs to Rs 1,02,133 lakhs registering the annual growth of about 10 per cent over the plan period.
170
Table 6.7 Block-wise Augmentation of Land and Water Resources: Physical Targets (Ha) in Shimla District
Block Cultivated land
Potential cultivable
land
Productive support
land
Potential support
land
Existing irrigated
area
Potential irrigated
land
Irrigation potential through water
harvesting Basantpur 5131 1540 8920 3823 271 200 600 Chirgion 6573 3383 49000 558 815 500 500 Chopal 13169 954 25446 6362 675 1050 2500 Jubbal 12940 3011 6698 5000 197 5728 360 Mashobra 9518 2414 9415 841 74 1200 1500 Nankhari 6110 4160 3924 1104 65 87 500 Narkanda 6082 965 8000 1157 200 40 800 Rohru 8235 3185 7908 416 170 40 800 Rampur 6996 11320 31308 26418 1763 200 800 Theog 7536 4355 20000 5483 105 2050 1500 District 82290 35287 170619 51162 4335 11095 9860
Table 6.8 Projected Output Growth in Field Crops in Shimla District (Quintals)
Crops Existing Potential production
(MT) Growth rate (% p. a.)
Area(Ha)
Production (MT)
Yield(Q/ha)
Scenario I
Scenario II
Scenario I
Scenario II
Maize 13639 32990 24.19 48339 42634 9.31 5.85 Paddy 3085 3304 10.71 6453 4834 19.06 9.26 Wheat 16079 21590 13.43 31915 28181 9.56 6.11 Barley 4468 5455 12.21 7879 6936 8.89 5.43 Foodgrain 47834 71589 14.97 97743 93753 7.31 6.19 Pulses 5067 1135 2.24 1421 1443 5.03 5.43 Vegetables 8045 150442 187.00 217920 307185 8.97 20.84
Note: i Scenario I output growth with increased irrigated area and crop improvement programmes ii. Scenario II output growth with diversion of 20 % irrigated area to vegetable crops
171
Table 6.9 Projected Production and Growth in Agricultural Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)
Crops Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.) Cereals Maize 32407.20 43759.10 7.01 Paddy 4111.70 5137.40 4.99 Wheat 24478.80 33737.40 7.56 Barley 7208.40 9887.00 7.43 Pulses Rajmash 1664.10 2363.00 8.40 Mash 1337.50 2074.20 11.02 Oilseeds 272.80 469.50 14.42 Vegetables 138789.80 184968.90 6.65 Potato 61112.90 75165.10 4.60 Peas 25754.90 36275.50 8.17 Tomato 11965.30 18312.90 10.61 Cabbage 25404.90 36080.60 8.40 Cauliflower 7881.60 9461.10 4.01 French bean 2650.80 3765.00 8.41 Capsicum 1998.50 3235.40 12.38 Other vegetables 2020.90 2673.30 6.46 Spices Ginger 1461.00 2130.00 9.16 Garlic 188.20 294.50 11.30
Note: Based on existing and potential yields Source: Field survey, 2007-08
Table 6.10 Projected Production and Growth in Horticultural Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)
Fruits Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.) Apple 185191.16 328171.29 7.72 Pear 5736.00 21072.26 26.74 Stone Fruit 5993.38 11800.55 9.69 Nuts 703.66 1759.55 15.01 Other temperate fruit 5376.32 11951.39 12.23 Citrus 138.71 296.11 11.35 Mango 812.98 2041.47 15.11 Other sub-tropical fruit 79.72 231.51 19.04 All fruit 204031.92 377324.13 8.49
Note: Based on actual and potential yields. The gestation period of ten years for computing growth rate Source: Field survey, 2007-08
172
Table 6.11 Projected Production and Growth in Livestock Sector in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)
Sr.No.
Product Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.)
Milk 1 Cross bred cow 115379.08 200532.52 14.76 Local cow 35028.18 58595.06 13.46 Buffaloes 10152.89 14840.89 9.23 Goat 5714.26 10781.61 17.74 Total milk 166274.40 284750.08 14.25 2 Wool 105.78 145.80 7.57 3 Meat 892.15 1037.15 3.25
Source: Field survey, 2007-08
Table 6.12 Estimated and Projected Value Output in Different Sectors (Rs Lakhs) in Shimla District
Sectors Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.) Agriculture 17003.94 23153.77 7.23 Horticulture 23945.67 43804.14 8.49 Animal husbandry 20793.58 35174.69 13.83 All sectors 61743.19 102132.60 9.81
Source: Consultant’s own calculations based on field survey, 2007-08
6.5 Growth Drivers and Expected Outcome
District Shimla has made spectacular progress in the transformation of agriculture. Introduction of apple in 1920’s, seed potato in the mid-sixties and off-season vegetables in eighties has brought out sea changes in agricultural diversification. The district harbours state capital offering ready market for local produce. The nearness of the district with markets of plain areas and connecting hinterlands and remote places with motorable roads, upcoming local markets and niche based farming are the important growth drivers for agricultural development in this district.
Irrigation has been found to be the major limiting factor, and as such, creation of irrigation potential shall provide growth impetus. The increase in resource productivity and enterprise development duly supported by institutions and infrastructure will bring new advances in livelihood opportunities to people.
Some quantitative outcomes
� Foodgrain production shall increase from 71,589 metric tonnes to 97,743 metric tonnes after the implementation of the plan recording a growth rate of 7.31 per cent per annum in scenario I. Even in scenario II when 20 per cent of irrigated land is shifted to high value cash crops production, the growth rate in foodgrains production shall remain at
173
6.19 per cent per annum. The field survey also reveals high growth potential which is evident from wide gaps in the average yields and yields of progressive farmers.
� Production of vegetables would increase from 1,50,442 metric tonnes to 2,17,920 metric tonnes in scenario I registering a growth rate of 8.97 per cent per annum when the proportion of area under these crops remains same and to 3,07,185 metric tonnes recording a growth rate of 20.94 per cent per annum in scenario II when 20 per cent of the irrigated area is brought under these crops. The production of vegetable crops would get big boost with the improvement in irrigation and marketing infrastructure This will generate a marketable surplus of 2,76,467 metric tonnes which in monetary terms amounts to Rs.276.47 crores. The market disposal of surplus is expected to create huge employment opportunities for rural unemployed youths through forward and backward linkages.
� The fruit production in the district may increase from the existing level of 2,04,032 metric onnes to 3,77,324 metric tonnes with annual growth of 8.49 per cent. Apple is the most predominant fruit which may record annual growth of around 8 per cent per annum in production. However, there is a dire need to diversify horticulture through plantation of other fruit crops in order to do away with mono culture in apple. The most impressive growth can be achieved in fruits like pear, nuts/dry fruits, other temperate fruits. Due to wide agro-climatic diversity many new horticultural avenues can be developed in this district.
� With the improvement in livestock breeds, fodder availability and rearing practices, there will be remarkable increase in livestock production in the district. The milk, meat and wool production would increase at the annual rate of 14.25 per cent, 3.25 per cent and 7.57 per cent, respectively
� Substantial irrigation potential shall be created in the district through implementation of various irrigation schemes and water harvesting structures. Available water potential shall be exploited and thereby 20,955 hectares of land shall be brought under protective and assured irrigation. With the implementation of plan 30.73 per cent of the arable land will have assured irrigation facilities compared to existing 5.27 per cent.
� A huge chunk of land to the tune of 24,617 hectares infested with soil erosion, stream bank erosion, etc., shall be treated by adopting soil conservation measures. Support land (community/public/private grasslands) of 2,21,781 hectares shall be treated against invasive weeds and shrubs. This shall improve the fodder production to the approximate level of 22,178 metric tonnes.
� It was found that existing supply of fertilizers falls short of the requirement of farmers. The projected fertilizer requirement in the district by 2012-13 would be around 10,309.52
174
metric tonnes of urea, 10,105.81 metric tonnes of IFFCO (12:32:16), 1,574.66 metric tonnes of SSP and 5,915.24 metric tonnes of MOP. In case of increased irrigation and more diversification, the requirement of different fertilizer brands may increase substantially. Gap is also emerging in the availability of FYM as the existing availability falls 72 per cent short of the requirement. There is also increasing awareness and demand for vermicompost and bio-fertilizers
� With the implementation of District Agricultural Plan, there shall be increase in the gross value output originating in all the primary sectors in the district. The value output of agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry will grow with annual rate of 7.23 per cent, 8.49 per cent and 13.83 per cent, respectively. The gross value of all the primary sectors will increase from existing level of Rs 61,743 lakhs to Rs 1,02,133 lakhs registering the annual growth of about 10 per cent over the plan period.
6.6 Innovative Schemes
There are number of new initiatives envisaged in district agricultural plan with the resolve and efforts to achieve sustainable and holistic development of all the components of farming system. All possible options have been explored. Some of the innovative schemes included in the draft plan are:
� Creation of water harvesting structures
� Provision of irrigation through development of major and minor kuhls
� Natural resource (soil, land water) conservation and resource use efficiencies
� Protection of crops against biotic and abiotic stresses
� Promotion and development of horticulture
� Livestock development through breed improvement, training, management and veterinary services
� Organic farming and promoting protected cultivation
� Development of adequate rural infrastructure particularly markets, roads and bridges
� Reducing drudgery and coping with labour shortage through mechanisation
� Promoting rural handicrafts and enterprises for providing income and employment opportunities in lean (winter) season
6.7 Prioritisation of Schemes
The in-depth survey of sample Panchayats in different blocks was carried out that enabled us to prioritise different location-specific schemes of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and rural development. The prioritisation was done on the basis of PRA conducted at Panchayat level
175
involving progressive farmers and officials of various line departments. The development priorities under different components of agriculture have been shown in Table 6.13. In agriculture, developing irrigation facilities, strengthening input supply, land development / reclamation and providing need based extension/training need to be given top priority at the district level. The other priorities are tackling the problems of wild animals especially monkey menace, development of market sub-yards and micro management of resources for enhancing resource conservation and optimal use at panchayat levels.
In horticulture, development of irrigation, supply of inputs as well as quality planting material, special schemes/incentives for installing anti-hail guns, creating market infrastructure including improved storage facilities and strengthening extension services emerged as the main priorities in different blocks.
In livestock, sector improved breed of dairy cattle, awareness camp organisation, monitoring of mineral deficiency and AI services, pasture development, improving general veterinary services are the major priority areas. The renovation of veterinary institutions and creation of necessary infrastructural facilities should be given due attention to provide adequate veterinary services to farmers. The ancillary activities like mushroom cultivation, bee keeping, agro-processing, organic farming, protected cultivation, etc., should be given due attention by providing sufficient incentives to entrepreneurs.
In brief, the implementation of District Agricultural Plan (DAP) in Shimla district shall strengthen and improve the physical and institutional infrastructure and shall restore, rejuvenate, conserve and enhance the health of the available natural resource base in the district. It shall also give a big boost to the ongoing process of crop diversification towards high value cash crop agriculture including off-season vegetables, horticulture, livestock and other niche based enterprises generating adequate employment opportunities for the rural unemployed youth. In concrete terms, the implementation of the plan shall go a long way in ensuring ecological sustainability and economic viability of the production systems of the district.
17
6
Tab
le 6
.13
Blo
ck-w
ise
Prio
ritiz
atio
n of
Diff
eren
t Wor
ks/ S
chem
es fo
r D
iffer
ent S
ecto
rs in
Shi
mla
Dis
tric
t (R
anks
)
Sr.
No.
Se
ctor
s/Pr
iori
ties
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t
A
Agr
icul
ture
1.
Dev
elop
men
t of
irri
gatio
n sc
hem
es
1 1
1 1
1 2
1 5
9 2
1
2.
Agr
o-sa
le c
ente
rs f
or
supp
ly o
f in
puts
, im
prov
ed s
eeds
&
plan
ting
mat
eria
l ,
spec
ially
for
ve
geta
bles
and
pul
ses
6 2
6 2
5 3
2 1
8 9
2
3 L
and
deve
lopm
ent
rega
rdin
g w
eed
cont
rol &
soi
l, fo
rest
&
pas
ture
m
anag
emen
t
2 5
2 6
6 7
5 7
7 3
3
4.
Che
ck d
am
cons
truc
tion
for
soil
cons
erva
tion
and
land
le
velin
g
3 6
3 7
3 1
6 6
10
8 4
5.
Ext
ensi
on s
ervi
ces
on
impr
oved
agr
icul
tura
l pr
oduc
tion
tech
nolo
gy
7 3
7 8
7 4
7 8
3 6
5
6.
Stre
ngth
enin
g of
IPM
an
d IN
M
9 7
8 9
8 8
8 2
2 10
6
7.
Tra
inin
g pr
ogra
mm
e on
impr
oved
pr
oduc
tion
tech
nolo
gy
10
8 9
3 9
9 9
4 11
13
7
8.
Mon
key
ster
iliza
tion
prog
ram
me
and
sanc
tuar
ies
vis-
a-vi
s pl
antin
g fr
uit t
rees
in
fore
st to
tack
le
mon
key
men
ace
4 9
4 10
2
5 3
9 12
4
8
17
7
9.
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
at
leas
t one
gos
adan
s in
ea
ch p
anch
ayat
s to
ta
ckle
the
prob
lem
of
stra
y ca
ttle
11
10
10
11
10
6 4
10
13
11
9
10
Mar
ket c
olle
ctio
n an
d di
stri
butio
n ce
ntre
5
11
5 12
4
10
10
11
14
12
10
11.
ISO
PO
M (
puls
es,
oils
eed,
mai
ze a
nd
rice
, spe
cial
sch
eme)
12
12
11
13
11
11
11
12
1 6
11
12.
Bac
kwar
d ar
ea
sub
plan
13
13
12
14
12
12
12
13
4
14
12
13.
SCA
(sp
ecia
l co
mpo
nent
in p
lan
for
sche
dule
d ca
ste)
14
14
13
15
13
13
13
14
5 15
13
14.
Mac
ro m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
e in
ag
ricu
ltura
l act
iviti
es
8 15
1
16
14
14
14
15
6 16
14
15.
Prov
idin
g fe
ncin
g m
ater
ial
15
16
15
17
15
15
15
3 15
5
15
16.
Prom
otio
n of
org
anic
fa
rmin
g 16
4
16
18
16
16
16
16
16
17
16
17.
Fina
ncia
l sup
port
in
kind
of
subs
idy,
etc
fo
r di
ffer
ent
wor
ks/s
chem
es
17
17
17
4 17
17
17
17
17
18
17
18.
Soil
test
ing
prog
ram
me
18
18
18
19
18
18
18
18
18
1 18
19
. Pr
omot
ion
of
trad
ition
al c
rops
19
19
19
5
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
B.
Hor
ticul
ture
1.
Irri
gatio
n sc
hem
es
1 1
1 1
1 5
5 2
2 6
1 2.
T
imel
y &
reg
ular
su
pply
of
inpu
ts
5 3
3 3
5 6
6 3
5 7
2
3.
Inst
alla
tion
of a
nti
hail
nets
and
gun
s 6
4 6
5 6
7 4
1 7
1 3
4.
Qua
lity
plan
ting
mat
eria
l of
impr
oved
cu
ltiva
rs o
f ap
ple/
frui
t cr
ops
7 5
2 2
7 3
1 5
1 5
4
17
8
5.
Ext
ensi
on s
ervi
ces
to
educ
ate
farm
ers
on
hort
icul
ture
pr
oduc
tion
tech
nolo
gy
3 6
7 4
2 8
7 4
6 3
5
6.
Bir
d &
wild
ani
mal
da
mag
e co
ntro
l m
easu
res
9 7
4 6
8 9
8 6
8 2
6
7.
Col
d st
orag
e fa
cilit
ies
at b
lock
leve
l es
peci
ally
for
app
le
4 8
8 7
9 1
2 7
9 4
7
8.
Frui
t & v
eget
able
m
arke
t col
lect
ion
cent
re f
acili
ties
9 9
5 8
3 10
9
8 10
8
8
9.
Impr
ovem
ent o
f ru
ral
road
s un
der
cons
truc
tion
and
to
cons
truc
t new
rur
al
road
s
10
10
9 9
10
4 10
9
11
9 9
10.
Reg
ular
trai
ning
and
de
mon
stra
tion
on
plan
ting
& tr
aini
ng o
f fr
uit t
rees
11
2 10
10
4
11
11
10
12
10
10
11.
Soil
heal
th a
nd s
oil
test
ing
prog
ram
me
2
11
10
11
11
12
12
11
13
11
11
12.
Lan
d de
velo
pmen
t an
d so
il co
nser
vatio
n m
easu
res
12
12
11
12
12
13
13
12
4 12
12
13.
Con
trol
mea
sure
s to
ap
ple
root
and
pr
emat
ure
leaf
fal
l
13
13
12
13
13
2 3
13
14
13
13
14.
Clo
nal r
oot s
tock
for
hi
gh d
ensi
ty
plan
tatio
n of
app
le
14
14
13
14
14
14
14
14
3 14
14
C.
Ani
mal
Hus
band
ry
1.
In
trod
uctio
n of
im
prov
ed b
reed
s su
itabl
e to
clim
ate
1 3
1 3
5 4
1 1
5 1
1
2.
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
dair
y un
its
2 5
5 4
1 5
7 2
3 5
2
17
9
3.
Vac
cina
tion
& A
I pr
ogra
mm
es a
t pa
ncha
yat l
evel
3 1
3 1
4 3
3 3
2 3
3
4.
Impr
ovem
ent o
f gr
ass
in p
astu
re &
orc
hard
s
4 2
6 2
3 1
4 4
7 4
4
5.
Aw
aren
ess
prog
ram
mes
on
bala
nced
fee
ding
, in
sura
nce
5 3
2 5
1 2
5 5
1 2
5
6.
Milk
col
lect
ion
cent
re
6 6
7 6
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 7.
St
reng
then
ing
of
panc
haya
t lev
el
hosp
ital &
di
spen
sari
es s
taff
7 7
8 7
7 7
2 7
4 7
7
8.
Inpu
t mar
ketin
g fa
cilit
ies
of c
ritic
al
inpu
ts
8 8
4
8 8
8 8
8 8
8
D.
Oth
ers
1.
E
stab
lishm
ent o
f po
ultr
y un
its
1 2
1 3
5 3
3 1
4 8
1
2.
Enc
oura
gem
ent o
f fi
sher
ies
2 3
2 11
11
7
5 2
8 10
2
3.
Ince
ntiv
es f
or
proc
essi
ng u
nits
3
4 3
12
12
12
1 7
5 11
3
4.
Exp
lore
pos
sibi
litie
s fo
r o
rgan
ic f
arm
ing
6
6 4
1 14
1
2 3
6 9
4
5.
Mus
hroo
m c
ultiv
atio
n pr
ogra
mm
e
9 7
5 2
2 2
4 4
7 12
5
6.
Fore
st a
rea
can
be
mad
e pr
oduc
tive
by
intr
oduc
ing
MA
DPs
10
9 6
4 3
4 6
5 1
13
6
7.
Co-
oper
ativ
e se
ctor
sh
ould
be
deve
lope
d
12
1 7
5 4
5 7
6 2
6 7
8.
Roo
f w
ater
har
vest
ing
stru
ctur
e
4 5
8 6
6 6
8 8
3 7
8
9.
Agr
o fo
rest
ry
prog
ram
me
5
8 9
7 7
8 10
9
9 14
9
10.
Flor
icul
ture
11
10
10
8
8 9
11
11
12
5 10
11
. A
gro-
tour
ism
7
11
11
9 9
10
12
12
13
4 11
18
0
12.
Form
ulat
ion
of
farm
ers
advi
sory
co
mm
ittee
8 12
12
10
10
11
13
13
14
3
12
13
Prom
otio
n of
pr
otec
ted
culti
vatio
n 13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
10
1
13
14
Bee
keep
ing
14
14
14
14
1 14
9
10
11
2 14
So
urce
: Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08
18
1
App
endi
x: T
able
1: D
emog
raph
ic a
nd In
stitu
tiona
l Fea
ture
s of B
lock
s in
Shim
la D
istr
ict (
Num
ber)
Part
icul
ars
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t G
ram
Pan
chay
ats
29
.00
26.0
0 54
.00
48.0
0 46
.00
17.0
0 26
.00
32.0
0 31
.00
50.0
0 35
9.00
Vill
ages
23
5.00
17
2.00
41
7.00
36
0.00
59
9.00
11
4.00
18
6.00
18
7.00
20
9.00
43
5.00
29
14.0
0
Hou
seho
lds
61
68.0
0 83
76.0
0 13
351.
00
1459
6.00
54
688.
00
5299
.00
8891
.00
1194
4.00
16
173.
00
1520
7.00
15
4693
.00
Tot
al p
opul
atio
n
3142
5.00
45
177.
00
7641
0.00
67
804.
00
2284
98.0
0 25
154.
00
4057
7.00
57
477.
00
7202
6.00
77
954.
00
7225
02.0
0 M
ale
15
023.
00
2315
8.00
39
314.
00
3489
0.00
12
6729
.00
1260
5.00
20
713.
00
2992
8.00
38
688.
00
3994
8.00
38
0996
.00
Fem
ale
1640
2.00
22
019.
00
3709
6.00
32
914.
00
1017
69.0
0 12
549.
00
1986
4.00
27
549.
00
3333
8.00
38
006.
00
3415
06.0
0
Sche
dule
d ca
ste
8177
.00
1284
8.00
22
077.
00
1712
1.00
47
124.
00
6969
.00
1224
1.00
17
786.
00
2336
1.00
21
083.
00
1887
87.0
0
Sche
dule
d tr
ibe
20.0
0 11
.00
125.
00
141.
00
2025
.00
8.00
11
2.00
12
1.00
14
92.0
0 57
.00
4112
.00
Rur
al
5182
3.00
0.
00
7398
8.00
65
3.00
3242
8.00
85
.00
6607
.00
6571
7.00
74
200.
00
3055
01.0
0
Urb
an
0.00
0.
00
945.
00
634.
00
0.
00
3986
4.00
10
07.0
0 31
214.
00
73
664.
00
Sex
ratio
97
0.00
96
0.00
10
50.0
0 94
3.00
90
0.00
10
00.0
0
83.0
0 94
3.00
98
0.00
78
29.0
0
Lite
racy
rat
e
70.0
7 51
.85
58.9
1 67
.00
79.9
6 53
.83
71.1
3 64
.28
67.5
4 70
.49
69.4
2
Mal
e
52.8
5 62
.37
58.3
4 58
.53
58.1
4 47
.46
56.5
6 60
.28
60.6
3 56
.24
57.9
7
Fem
ale
46.7
9 37
.63
41.6
6 41
.47
41.8
6 52
.54
43.4
4 39
.72
39.3
7 43
.52
41.9
9
Sche
dule
cas
te
0.36
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
12
0.03
Sche
dule
trib
e 0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.12
0.
01
Hou
seho
lds
econ
omic
stat
us
8837
.00
9326
.00
1152
9.00
19
057.
00
4524
.00
6962
.00
4037
0.00
11
514.
00
9912
.00
1565
8.00
13
7689
.00
Ant
oday
a ho
useh
olds
0.
00
2424
.00
3509
.00
1960
.00
1786
.00
1130
.00
576.
00
1608
.00
3950
.00
16
943.
00
BPL
hou
seho
lds
20
74.0
0 36
60.0
0 53
02.0
0 29
60.0
0 27
38.0
0 17
04.0
0 14
28.0
0 24
27.0
0 59
62.0
0 45
22.0
0 32
777.
00
APL
1 h
ouse
hold
s 67
63.0
0 32
42.0
0 27
18.0
0 23
70.0
0
2064
.00
3836
6.00
74
79.0
0
63
002.
00
APL
2 h
ouse
hold
s
0.00
0.
00
11
767.
00
20
64.0
0
1113
6.00
24
967.
00
Vill
age
amen
ities
64
0.00
33
6.00
18
02.0
0 10
12.0
0 36
6.00
42
6.00
52
4.00
36
5.00
42
1.00
81
4.00
67
06.0
0 C
onne
cted
with
pu
cca
road
s 85
.00
17.0
0 28
8.00
85
.00
5.
00
160.
00
10.0
0 14
.00
47.0
0 71
1.00
Con
nect
ed w
ith
kuch
ha r
oads
11
0.00
37
.00
980.
00
133.
00
45.0
0 32
.00
6.00
22
.00
25.0
0 40
0.00
17
90.0
0
18
2
App
endi
x T
able
1 c
ont…
...
Con
nect
ed w
ith
no r
oads
80
.00
73.0
0 17
4.00
85
.00
65
.00
10.0
0
487.
00
Dri
nkin
g w
ater
su
pply
(%
) 98
.00
51.0
0 65
.00
95.0
0 45
.00
100.
00
100.
00
95.0
0 10
0.00
10
0.00
85
0.00
Vill
ages
ele
ctri
fied
(%
) 10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
00.0
0 T
el c
onne
ctio
n
to p
anch
ayat
s (%
) 10
0.00
0.
00
100.
00
13.0
0 10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
10
0.00
81
3.00
Post
off
ices
15
.00
18.0
0 54
.00
5.00
7.00
32
.00
14.0
0 37
.00
50.0
0 23
2.00
Fair
pri
ce s
hops
52
.00
40.0
0 41
.00
496.
00
76.0
0 17
.00
26.0
0 24
.00
35.0
0 17
.00
824.
00
(i)
Co-
op
depo
t 2.
00
30.0
0 25
.00
490.
00
56.0
0 17
.00
18.0
0 15
.00
33.0
0 12
.00
698.
00
(ii)
Pri
vate
dea
lers
50
.00
10.0
0 16
.00
6.00
20
.00
0.00
8.
00
9.00
2.
00
5.00
12
6.00
Edu
catio
nal a
nd h
ealth
inst
itute
s 32
9.00
38
5.00
81
0.00
59
8.00
66
6.00
25
2.00
27
0.00
43
8.00
75
0.00
33
7.00
48
35.0
0
Prim
ary
scho
ols
103.
00
136.
00
250.
00
191.
00
239.
00
82.0
0 99
.00
132.
00
195.
00
192.
00
1619
.00
Mid
dle
scho
ols
18
.00
28.0
0 58
.00
50.0
0 60
.00
19.0
0 25
.00
35.0
0 48
.00
42.0
0 38
3.00
Hig
h sc
hool
s 19
.00
23.0
0 43
.00
37.0
0 52
.00
14.0
0 14
.00
25.0
0 32
.00
28.0
0 28
7.00
Tech
nica
l ins
titut
ions
0.
00
15.0
0 4.
00
3.00
1.
00
0.00
0.
00
2.00
4.
00
1.00
30
.00
(i) P
olyt
ech/
Eng
g.
0.00
13
.00
13.0
0
(ii)
ITI
0.
00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.00
4.
00
(iii)
Nur
shin
g TI
0.
00
1.00
2.
00
1.
00
4.
00
(iv)
Col
lege
of E
duca
tion
0.00
1.
00
1.00
2.
00
1.00
2.
00
2.00
9.00
PHC
4.
00
4.00
8.
00
12.0
0 10
.00
5.00
8.
00
7.00
14
.00
9.00
81
.00
Dis
pens
arie
s
10.0
0 0.
00
21.0
0 20
.00
1.00
10
.00
62.0
0
Sub-
heal
th c
entr
es
15.0
0 20
.00
27.0
0 33
.00
42.0
0 12
.00
20.0
0 24
.00
33.0
0 31
.00
257.
00
Com
mun
ity H
Cs
1.00
1.
00
1.
00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.00
7.00
Hos
pita
ls
0.00
0.
00
2.00
1.
00
1.00
1.00
2.
00
2.00
1.
00
10.0
0
Med
ical
col
lege
s cu
m h
ospi
tals
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
Vet
erin
ary
hosp
itals
2.
00
3.00
5.
00
6.00
4.
00
1.00
6.
00
2.00
13
.00
6.00
48
.00
Vet
erin
ary
disp
ensa
ries
15
.00
18.0
0 25
.00
39.0
0 36
.00
12.0
0 28
.00
14.0
0 64
.00
24.0
0 27
5.00
18
3
App
endi
x T
able
1 c
ont..
.
Gos
adan
s 0.
00
0.00
1.00
2.
00
2.00
5.
00
Oth
er h
ealth
inst
itutio
ns
0.00
0.
00
60.0
0
60.0
0
Anga
nwar
i/ Ba
lwar
i 14
2.00
13
7.00
30
7.00
20
5.00
22
0.00
10
6.00
68
.00
183.
00
342.
00
1.00
17
11.0
0
Vill
age
/ com
mun
ity o
rgan
isatio
ns
179.
00
339.
00
545.
00
298.
00
585.
00
151.
00
225.
00
79.0
0 60
5.00
31
9.00
33
25.0
0
Mah
ila m
anda
ls
29.0
0 15
0.00
34
0.00
14
6.00
17
5.00
11
1.00
10
8.00
13
.00
305.
00
216.
00
1593
.00
Self
hel
p gr
oups
15
0.00
94
.00
108.
00
10
5.00
40
.00
45.0
0 47
.00
160.
00
75.0
0 82
4.00
You
th c
lub
0.00
85
.00
45.0
0 63
.00
300.
00
72
.00
10.0
0 12
5.00
28
.00
728.
00
NG
Os
0.00
0.
00
10.0
0 3.
00
5.00
9.
00
4.00
31.0
0
Farm
ers
co-o
pera
tives
0.
00
10.0
0 42
.00
86.0
0
11
.00
14
9.00
Ban
king
inst
itutio
ns
12.0
0 5.
00
58.0
0 99
.00
56.0
0 5.
00
4.00
43
.00
55.0
0 47
.00
384.
00
Com
mer
cial
ban
ks
8.00
3.
00
10.0
0 15
.00
20.0
0 2.
00
1.00
7.
00
55.0
0 12
.00
133.
00
RR
Bs
0.00
0.
00
4.
00
4.00
Cen
tral
co-
oper
ativ
e ba
nks
1.
00
2.00
6.
00
2.
00
4.00
15
.00
Co-
ope
rativ
e cr
edit
soci
etie
s
3.00
0.
00
84
.00
34.0
0
3.00
20
.00
18
.00
162.
00
Any
oth
er
0.00
0.
00
42.0
0
3.
00
8.
00
17
.00
70.0
0
Sour
ce: P
rim
ary
Cen
sus
Abs
trac
t of
Him
acha
l Pra
desh
-Ser
ies
3, C
ensu
s of
Ind
ia, D
irec
tora
te o
f C
ensu
s O
pera
tions
, Him
acha
l Pra
desh
, Shi
mla
and
oth
er B
lock
Lev
el I
ndic
ator
s fr
om D
istr
ict S
tatis
tical
Off
ice,
Shi
mla
.
18
5
App
endi
x T
able
2: D
istr
ibut
ion
of W
orke
rs a
nd C
ateg
orie
s of F
arm
ers (
Num
ber)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Cla
ssifi
catio
n
Typ
e B
asan
tpur
C
hirg
aon
Cho
pal
Jubb
al
Mas
hobr
a N
ankh
ari
Nar
kand
a R
ohro
o R
ampu
r T
heog
D
istr
ict
Wor
kers
A
gril.
L
abou
r 55
54
8 62
0 15
93
819
81
242
977
747
1295
69
77
H
ouse
hold
In
dust
ry
88
459
237
604
820
156
122
256
629
169
3540
O
ther
s 34
64
3091
51
25
5750
66
670
1318
40
30
5093
13
166
6126
11
3833
T
otal
19
644
2461
4 34
258
3710
1 99
941
1425
5 23
875
3128
4 39
579
4567
2 37
0223
M
ain
Wor
ker
1333
7 20
229
2884
1 31
569
9013
7 85
85
1342
0 27
295
3158
2 40
714
3057
09
M
argi
nal
Wor
kers
63
07
4385
54
17
5532
98
04
5670
10
455
3989
79
97
4958
64
514
Cul
tivat
ors
97
30
1613
1 22
859
2362
2 21
828
7030
90
26
2096
9 17
040
3312
4 18
1359
Sour
ce: F
ield
sur
vey,
200
7-08
App
endi
x T
able
3: S
tatu
s of M
igra
nt la
bour
(Num
ber)
in S
him
la D
istr
ict
Ori
gin
Stat
us
Bas
antp
ur
Chi
rgao
n C
hopa
l Ju
bbal
M
asho
bra
Nan
khar
i N
arka
nda
Roh
roo
Ram
pur
The
og
Dis
tric
t O
wn
Stat
es
Skill
ed
435
520
75
192
690
85
260
160
310
500
3227
Sem
i-Sk
illed
87
26
0 15
0 24
0 69
0 17
0 13
00
320
620
1000
48
37
U
n-Sk
illed
58
0 52
30
0 96
0 46
0 17
0 13
0 16
0 15
5 25
0 32
17
T
otal
11
02
832
525
1392
18
40
425
1690
64
0 10
85
1750
11
281
Oth
er S
tate
s Sk
illed
14
5 39
0 42
5 48
23
00
170
1170
48
0 31
00
1000
92
28
Se
mi-
Skill
ed
203
130
850
480
2300
34
0 40
04
1280
31
00
2500
15
187
U
n-Sk
illed
58
0 20
8 17
00
2880
18
40
1530
78
0 32
0 12
40
1250
12
328
T
otal
92
8 72
8 29
75
3408
64
40
2040
59
54
2080
74
40
4750
36
743
Tot
al
Skill
ed
580
910
500
240
2990
25
5 14
30
640
3410
15
00
1245
5
Sem
i-Sk
illed
29
0 39
0 10
00
720
2990
51
0 53
04
1600
37
20
3500
20
024
U
n-Sk
illed
11
60
260
2000
38
40
2300
17
00
910
480
1395
15
00
1554
5
Tot
al
2030
15
60
3500
48
00
8280
24
65
7644
27
20
8525
65
00
4802
4
Sou
rce:
Fie
ld s
urve
y, 2
007-
08