Agriculture Plan Shimla - Himachal Pradesh State Biodiversity ...

FOREWORD

Reducing hunger and poverty in the country by half by 2015, the first UN millennium development goal, remains a serious concern. The small and marginal farmers constituting 65 per cent of the producers in India face hunger and poverty. Food insecurity among them is both a cause and consequence of poverty. Farmers are also consumers and 70 per cent of the consumers in India are also those who earn their livelihood in farming. Because of continuing poor performance of agriculture in rainfed areas and by these farmers, the growth rates of Indian agriculture witnessed sharp deceleration during the last decade, plummeting to less than 2 per cent for the decade 1995-2005 and then rising slightly above two per cent during 2006-07. However, it is still much less than the expected growth rate of 4 per cent. The Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) has set a target of 4 per cent for agricultural sector against 9 per cent for the economy as a whole. Therefore, how the nation and states jointly prepare the farmers to learn to live under the new challenges and opportunities will largely determine the success in managing the national food security and poverty scenario.

The uncommon opportunities for launching a new initiative named evergreen revolution, especially to address agricultural concerns of small farmers in rainfed areas, demand innovative policies and strategies, new planning and frontier technologies which can enhance productivity per unit of land and water. For this purpose, the most important strategic programme introduced in the Eleventh Five Year Plan is Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) with an outlay of Rs. 25,000 crores. It gives states more flexibility and incentives to spend more on agricultural sector. The additional assistance is given to the state governments, provided expenditure on agriculture by the state governments is higher than the base period, which is defined as the moving average of the expenditure of the preceding three years. The success of efforts of states in the coming five years will depend on the scale of success of synergies it is able to develop with RKVY and other programmes.

To avail additional assistance under this scheme, a framework has been provided which requires that every district should draw up a district agriculture plan that fully utilises an initial resource envelope from all existing schemes, state or central, including resources at the district level from central schemes such as those of Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Panchayati Raj and other Ministries. “TheDISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLANS (DAPs) are aimed at determining the overall resource envelope of each district, its production plan and the associated input plan”. The DAPs will document the diversity of farming economy and growth patterns within the district, potential micro climatic niches, farming systems and natural resources, cropping patterns and livestock. It has also been emphasised to integrate these district level agricultural plans with the state plan. It has been made mandatory to prepare DAPs in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Planning Commission, so as to benefit from the new central schemes for agricultural development.

It is in this context that the Department of Agriculture, Govt of Himachal Pradesh, entrusted the

task of preparing the District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) of eleven districts except Una and State Agriculture Plan (SAP) to the H.P. Agricultural University, Palampur. The university took this gigantic task seriously and constituted a core team of agricultural economists under the leadership of Dr. H. R. Sharma, Professor and Head Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension Education & Rural Sociology. The team developed conceptual framework and evolved methodology for the selection of sample panchayats. Overall, 367 sample panchayats were selected from all the 72 blocks of eleven districts in the state. Two questionnaires, one to collect data at the block level and other to collect data at the panchayat level, were prepared. To accomplish the task of data collection, over 200 scientists of the university were engaged for conducting field survey and secondary data collection from across the state in as many as 72 teams. The scientists remained in the field for about two weeks and collected data from the selected panchayats and blocks using participatory rural appraisal (PRA). To ensure comprehensiveness

in data collection for these plans, each district was assigned to a team(s) of agricultural economists. The agricultural economists incharge of different districts worked to prepare draft agriculture plans for different districts, including state agriculture plan.

The field data were further compiled and analysed by the core team of agricultural economists. The plans have been prepared as per the guidelines laid down by the Planning Commission in Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan Manual (C-DAP). Each DAP document contains a plethora of information on various aspects of agricultural development such as cropping patterns, cropping systems, input use, yield gaps, diseases, constraints and required R&D interventions, projected rates of growth for major agricultural crops and agricultural sector including horticulture and animal husbandry and projected input requirements. DAP documents also contain estimates on rural roads, available irrigation potential including water harvesting, soil conservation, human resource requirement and researchable issues that require attention to boost agricultural production and productivity of agricultural sector.

In accomplishing this task, a large team of scientists, administrative staff of the university and key persons of the state Government played key roles. The team leader, Dr. H. R. Sharma and his core team comprising Dr. S. K. Chauhan, Dr. K. D. Sharma, Dr. Virender Kumar and Dr. Harbans Lal prepared the broad framework for preparing the plans. Dr. Kamlesh Singh, Professor Statistics, Mr. Vaibhav Kalia and Mr. Kapil Sharma computer programmers developed a computer programme to analyse the data. The District Agriculture Plan for Shimla was prepared by Dr. D.R. Thakur and Dr. Harbans Lal. In addition, a large number of scientists and administrative staff of the university were involved in the first ever such state wide field survey for weeks. I wish to place on record my appreciation of the wonderful work done by each one of the above named persons and those I could not mention by name.

Throughout the work on DAPs, the university team received valuable backup advisory support

from several officers of the Department of Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry in particular from Mr. J. C. Rana, Director, Agriculture, Mr. H. R. Sharma, Additional Director, Agriculture and Mr. Y. P. Thakur, Superintendent Engineer (Soil Conservation) and on behalf of the university I wish to thank them. Lastly, I appreciate and acknowledge the cooperation and help so willingly offered to survey teams and economist incharges by the district level officers of different departments, especially those from the agriculture department, the scientists of UHF, Solan and the Pradhans of Panchayats as well as farmers, during the field surveys and report preparation.

DR TEJ PARTAP Vice Chancellor Palampur, March 18, 2009

i

C O N T E N T S

Chapter Title of the Chapter Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix-xxvi Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1-6

1.1 Background 1 1.2 Data and Methods 3

1.2.1 Sampling Plan 4 1.2.2 Survey Tools 4 1.2.3 Analytical tools 4 1.2.4 Limitations 5

Chapter II DESCRIPION OF THE DISTRICT 7-24 2.1 Background 7

2.1.1 Physical Features 7 2.1.2 Climate 7 2.1.3 Soils 8 2.2 Demographic Features 8 2.3 Land Utilisation, Cropping Pattern and Crop Production 13 2.4 Distribution of Land Holdings 18 2.5 Input Use 19 2.6 Livestock and Fisheries 21 2.7 Infrastructural Facilities 23

Chapter-III SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT 25-30 3.1 SWOT Analysis for Improving Agricultural and Allied Sectors 25

3.1.1 Strengths 25 3.1.2 Weaknesses 26 3.1.3 Opportunities 27 3.1.4 Threats 27 3.2 Issues Emerging out of SWOT Analysis 28 3.3 Sectoral Growth Drivers 29

Chapter IV AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT 31-92 4.1 Land Use Pattern and Soil Health 31 4.2 Water Resources and Management 31 4.3 Cropping System and Cropping Pattern 35 4.4 Input Use and Gaps 36 4.5 Yield Gap Analysis 37 4.6 Reasons for Gap in Yield 38 4.7 Farm Mechanization 38 4.8 Ongoing Schemes for Agriculture Development 39 4.9 Varietal and Technological Problems and Interventions 39

4.10 Extension Gaps 40 4.11 Extension Interventions 41 4.12 Researchable Issues 41

Chapter V ALLIED AGRICULTURAL SECTORS 93 -160 5.1 Horticulture 93

ii

5.2 Animal Husbandry 94 5.3 Fisheries 95 5.4 Sericulture 95 5.5 Organic Farming 95 5.6 Floriculture 95 5.7 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 95 5.8 Mushroom 96 5.9 Bee Keeping 96

5.10 Agro-Eco-Tourism 96 5.11 Marketing of Agricultural Produce 96 5.12 Agricultural Infrastructure 98 5.13 Human Resource Development 98 5.14 Unemployment and Enterprises for Livelihood 99 5.15 Agri-Business Establishments 99 5.16 Drudgery of Women 100 5.17 Livestock Feed and Fodder 100 5.18 Yield Gap in Livestock Production 101 5.19 Incidence of Livestock Diseases 101 5.20 Yield Gap in Fruit Crops 101 5.21 Researchable Issues 102

Chapter VI DISTRICT PLAN 161-1806.1 DAP and Sectoral Outlays 161 6.2 New Schemes for Agricultural Development 162 6.3 Input Requirement 167 6.4 Projected Outcome and Growth Rates 169 6.5 Growth Drivers and Expected Outcome 172 6.6 Innovative Schemes 174 6.7 Prioritization of Schemes 174

APPENDICES 181 -186

iii

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page 1.1 Sampling Plan 5 2.1 Trends in Average Rainfall; 1990-91 to 2003-04 (mm) for Shimla

District 8

2.2 Demographic Features 9 2.3 Tehsil-wise Demographic Features of District Shimla, 2001 (No.) 9 2.4 Tehsil-wise Rural and Urban Population of District Shimla, 2001

(No.) 10

2.5 Tehsil-wise Proportion of Rural and Urban Population of District Shimla, 2001

10

2.6 Proportion of Workers to Total Population, 2001(No.) in Shimla Districtand Himachal Pradesh

11

2.7 Distribution of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001 (Per cent) in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh

12

2.8 Occupational Composition of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001 13 2.9 Changing Land Utilization Pattern in Shimla District of Himachal

Pradesh (Per cent) 14

2.10 Changes in Cropping Pattern in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh (Per cent)

14

2.11 Changes in Production of Major Crops and Total Foodgrain Production, 1990-91 to 2002-03 (‘000’ mt) in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh

15

2.12 Changes in Yield of Major Foodgrain Crops, 1990-91 to 2002-03 (Q/ Ha) in Shimla District

16

2.13 Area, Production and Yield of Different Fruits, 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

16

2.14 Per cent Area and Production of Different Fruits, 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

16

2.15 Area, Production and Yield of Fruits (1990-91 to 2005-06) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

17

2.16 Area, Production and Yield of Different Vegetables (2005-2006) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

17

2.17 Changing Pattern of Land Holdings, 1980-81 to 1995-96 (Per cent) 18 2.18 Changes in Average Size of Holdings in Shimla District and Himachal

Pradesh, 1980-81 to 1995-96 (Ha) 19

2.19 Area Under Irrigation of Major Crops (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

19

2.20 Under High Yielding Varieties of Major Crops (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

20

2.21 Fertilizer Consumption, 1980-81 to 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

20

2.22 Extent of Mechanization (Number) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

21

iv

2.23 Changes in Livestock Population over 1977,1992 and 2003 Census (No.) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

22

2.24 Changes in Livestock Production over in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1994-95 and 2006-07

23

2.25 Trends in Fishery Production in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1999-2000 and 2006-07

23

2.26 Availability of Infrastructure Facilities in District Shimla 2006-07 24 4.1 Block-wise Land Utilization Pattern of Shimla District (Hectares) 45 4.2 Problems and Interventions for Land Development in Shimla District

(Per cent of Panchayats) 46

4.3 Financial Assistance for Category-wise Improvement of Land in Shimla (Rs. Lakh)

47

4.4 Interventions and Financial Estimates for Land Development in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh)

47

4.5 Major Cropping Systems in Shimla District, 2007-08 (Hectares) 49 4.6 Cropping Pattern in Shimla District, 2007-08 (Hectares) 51 4.7 Quantity of Seed Used, Required and Gap for Different Crops in

Shimla District (Kg/ Ha) 53

4.8 Block-wise Fertilizer Used, Required and Gap in Shimla District, 2007-08 (Metric Tonnes)

55

4.9 Major Insect / Pest & Diseases Limiting Crop Production in Shimla District

57

4.10 Priority-wise Weed Problems in Shimla District 58 4.11 Block-wise Pesticides/ Chemical Used, Required and Gaps in Shimla

District, 2007-2008 (Metric Tonnes) 59

4.12 Block-wise Yield Gap in Major Crops in Shimla District (Q/ Ha) 61 4.13 Farm Machinery Use and Gap in Shimla District (Block-wise) 63 4.14 Block-wise Problems and Interventions for Farm Machinery (Per cent

of Panchayats) in Shimla District 64

4.15 Existing Block Level Schemes for Agricultural Development in Shimla District

65

4.16 Status of Completed Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise)

67

4.17 Status of Functional and Non-Functional Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise)

69

4.18 Block-wise Status of Irrigation Schemes (Ongoing and Potential) in Shimla District

73

4.19 Irrigation Schemes: Repair and Maintenance (Rs. Lakh) in Shimla District.

76

4.20 Block-wise Varietal and Technological Problems of Main Crops (Per cent of Panchayats ) in Shimla District

78

4.21 Block-wise Varietal and Technological Interventions for Improving Production of Major Crops (Per cent of Panchayats ) in Shimla District

82

v

4.22 Estimated Yields and Yield Gaps in Crops of Shimla District (Q/ Ha) of Himachal Pradesh

86

5.1 Block-wise Area under Different Fruits in Shimla District, 2007-08 (Hectares)

106

5.2 Existing Block Level Schemes for Horticultural Development (Rs. Lakh) in Shimla District

107

5.3 Block-wise Existing Status and Potential for Horticulture Development in Shimla District (Area in Ha, Prod. in mt)

108

5.4 Existing Block Level Schemes for Livestock Development in Shimla District

110

5.5 Livestock Population (Number) in Shimla District (Block-wise) 111 5.6 Existing Block Level Schemes for Fisheries in Shimla District 112 5.7 Status of Cultured Fisheries in Shimla District (Block-wise) 112 5.8 Block-wise Problems and Interventions for Cultured Fisheries in

Shimla District (Per cent of Panchayats) 113

5.9 Block-wise Production and Disposal of Agricultural Products (Metric Tonnes) in Shimla District

114

5.10 Block-wise Production and Disposal of Horticultural Products (Metric Tonnes) in Shimla District

116

5.11 Block-wise Production and Disposal of Livestock Products and Livestock in Shimla District

118

5.12 Agricultural Infrastructure (Number) in Shimla District 119 5.13 Block-wise Financial Estimates for Market Infrastructure of Livestock

Products (Rs. Lakh) in Shimla District 120

5.14 Block-wise Existing Block Level Schemes in Shimla District 121 5.15 Block-wise Status of Human Resource for Agricultural Development

in Shimla District (Number) 123

5.16 Block-wise Financial Assistance for Human Resource Development in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh)

124

5.17 Block-wise Unemployment Status (Number) for Shimla District 125 5.18 Block-wise Potential Enterprises for Employment and Assistance

Required (Per cent Employment) 126

5.19 Block-wise Status of Agri-Business Establishments in Shimla District (Number)

132

5.20 Block-wise Status of Agro-Processing Units/ Enterprises in Shimla District

133

5.21 Block-wise Financial Assistance for Agro-processing Units in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh)

140

5.22 Block-wise Drudgery of Women (Per cent Response) in Shimla District

141

5.23 Block-wise Availability and Requirement of Feed and Fodder (Kg/ Animal/ Day) in Shimla District

143

5.24 Block-wise Yield Gaps in Livestock (Units/Animal/Day) in Shimla District.

144

vi

5.25 Block-wise Reason for Yield Gap in Livestock Production (Per cent of Panchayats) in Shimla District

145

5.26 Block-wise Status of Infection, Mortality and Availability of Treatment in Shimla District (Per cent)

146

5.27 Block-wise Interventions for Livestock Diseases in Shimla District (Per cent of Panchayats)

148

5.28 Block-wise Planting Material Used, Required and Gap in Fruit Plants in Shimla District (No. of Plants/ Ha)

150

5.29 Block-wise Yield Gap in Fruit Crops in Shimla District (mt/ ha) 151 5.30 Block-wise Varietal and Technological Problems of Fruit, Flower and

Fodder Crops in Shimla District (Per cent of Panchayats) 152

5.31 Block-wise Varietal and Technological Intervention of Fruit, Flower and Fodder Crops (Per cent of Panchayats) in Shimla District

154

5.32 Block-wise Financial Assistance for Other Agricultural Schemes in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh/ Year)

158

5.33 Block-wise Financial Assistance for Other Agricultural Schemes in Shimla District (Rs. Lakh)

158

5.34 Block-wise Existing and Potential Status of Mushroom Cultivation in Shimla District. (Rs. Lakh)

159

5.35 Block-wise Status and Financial Assistance for Bee Keeping in Shimla District

159

6.1 Sectoral Outlay and Yearly Allocation (Rs. Lakh) 161 6.2 Block-wise Proposed New Schemes for Development of Agricultural

Sector in Shimla District 164

6.3 Block-wise New Schemes for Protected Cultivation in Shimla District 166 6.4 Block-wise Other Agricultural Schemes and Financial Assistance in

Shimla District 166

6.5 New Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise) 167 6.6 Consumption of Fertilizers in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes) 168 6.7 Block-wise Augmentation of Land and Water Resources: Physical

Targets (Ha) 170

6.8 Projected Output Growth in Field Crops in Shimla District (Quintals) 170 6.9 Projected Production and Growth in Agricultural Crops in Shimla

District (Metric Tonnes) 171

6.10 Projected Production and Growth in Horticultural Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)

171

6.11 Projected Production and Growth in Livestock Sector in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)

172

6.12 Estimated and Projected Value of Output in Different Sectors (Rs. Lakh)

172

6.13 Block-wise Prioritization of Different Works/ Schemes for Different Sectors in Shimla District (Ranks)

176

vii

APPENDICES No. Title Page

1 Demographic and Institutional Features of Blocks in Shimla District (Number)

181

2 Distribution of Workers and Categories of Farmers (Number) in Shimla District

185

3 Status of Migrant Labour (Number) in Shimla District 185

MAP

Map No. Title Page 4.1 Ground Water User Map of District Shimla 33

ix

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. District Agricultural Plan: Funding Proposal for Five Years (Lakh Rs.)

Sr.No.

Schemes Total Plan Outlay

Yearly Allocation I II III IV V

I Interventions to Improve and Enhance Sustainability of Crop Production System

5692 853.8 1138.4 1138.4 1138.4 1423

1 Improvement of productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and spices crops through promotion of HYV seeds including hybrids

250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5

2 Improvement of soil health through vermicomposting, bio-fertilizers, micro nutrients, soil testing, etc.

650 97.5 130 130 130 162.5

3 Protection of crops against biotic stresses (diseases, pests, weeds) and abiotic stresses (hailstorms, drought, flash floods, etc) and other risk factors

850 127.5 170 170 170 212.5

4 Water use efficiency through micro irrigation

2000 300 400 400 400 500

(i) Sprinkler 1900 285 380 380 380 475 (ii) Drip 100 15 20 20 20 25

5 Agricultural mechanization through popularization of improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/ harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers and gender friendly post harvesting equipments to remove women drudgery

150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5

6 Protected (poly house) cultivation to minimize risk factors and enhance quality and productivity

1542 231.3 308.4 308.4 308.4 385.5

7 Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)

150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5

8 Strengthening of seed production farms and promotion of infrastructure to improve seed production and replacement

100 15 20 20 20 25

II Need Based Infrastructural Development

4614 692.1 922.8 922.8 922.8 1153.5

1 Improvement of on-farm water delivery and efficiency of existing irrigation systems

2290 343.5 458 458 458 572.5

2 Rural markets 2324 348.6 464.8 464.8 464.8 581

x

III Natural Resource Conservation and Management

32666 4899.9 6533.2 6533.2 6533.2 8166.5

1. Soil conservation of arable and non-arable land through engineering measures

1800 270 360 360 360 450

2. Water harvesting check dams, ponds, tanks, etc

12325 1848.75 2465 2465 2465 3081.25

3. Land improvement 18541 2781.15 3708.2 3708.2 3708.2 4635.25 IV Niche Based Enterprises for Rural

Entrepreneurs 329 49.35 65.8 65.8 65.8 82.25

(i) Organic farming 33 4.95 6.6 6.6 6.6 8.25 (ii) Sericulture 14 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.5 (iii)Agro-tourism 250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5 (iv) Medicinal and aromatic plants 12 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 3 (v) Floriculture 20 3 4 4 4 5

V Fruit Production 2520 378 504 504 504 630 VI Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries 1371 205.65 274.2 274.2 274.2 342.75 1 Livestock improvement 846 126.9 169.2 169.2 169.2 211.5 2 Fisheries 525 78.75 105 105 105 131.25

VII Human Resource Development 1158 173.7 231.6 231.6 231.6 289.5 1 Additional man power requirement 1124 168.6 224.8 224.8 224.8 281 2 Capacity building of extension

personnel 34 5.1 6.8 6.8 6.8 8.5

VIII Research & Extension 1181 177.15 236.2 236.2 236.2 295.25 IX All Sectors & Schemes 49531 7429.65 9906.2 9906.2 9906.2 12382.75

Note: The funding proposal for the next five year plan is extracted from the comprehensive District Agriculture Plan. This plan excludes full amount of funds earmarked for development of irrigation and rural roads for connectivity and 50 per cent of the funds estimated for rural markets and water harvesting

xi

II. Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan: Sectoral Outlay and Yearly Allocation (Rs. Lakhs)

Sr.No.




5692 853.8 1138.4 1138.4 1138.4 1423

1 Improvement of productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and spices crops through promotion of HYV seeds including hybrids

250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5


650 97.5 130 130 130 162.5


850 127.5 170 170 170 212.5


2000 300 400 400 400 500

(i) Sprinkler 1900 285 380 380 380 475 (ii) Drip 100 15 20 20 20 25 5 Agricultural mechanization through

popularization of improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/ harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers and gender friendly post harvesting equipments to remove women drudgery

150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5


1542 231.3 308.4 308.4 308.4 385.5


150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5


100 15 20 20 20 25

II Need Based Infrastructural Development

26613 3991.95 5322.6 5322.6 5322.6 6653.25

1 Irrigation 15738 2360.7 3147.6 3147.6 3147.6 3934.5 2 Improvement of on-farm water delivery

and efficiency of existing irrigation systems

2290 343.5 458 458 458 572.5

3 Rural markets 4648 697.2 929.6 929.6 929.6 1162 4 Rural roads for connectivity 3937 590.55 787.4 787.4 787.4 984.25


44991 6748.65 8998.2 8998.2 8998.2 11247.75


1800 270 360 360 360 450

xii


24650 3697.5 4930 4930 4930 6162.5


Entrepreneurs 329 49.35 65.8 65.8 65.8 82.25



VII Human Resource Development 1158 173.7 231.6 231.6 231.6 289.5 1 Additional man power requirement 1124 168.6 224.8 224.8 224.8 281 2 Capacity building of extension

personnel 34 5.1 6.8 6.8 6.8 8.5

VIII Research & Extension 1181 177.15 236.2 236.2 236.2 295.25 IX All Sectors & Schemes 83855 12578.25 16771 16771 16771 20963.75

xiii

I. PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS AND EXPECTED OUTCOME

1 Projected Growth and Diversification of Agriculture in Shimla District

Crops

Existing Potential production(MT)

Growth rate (% p. a.)

Area (Ha) Production (MT) Yield (Q/ha) Scenario I

Scenario II

Scenario I

Scenario II

Maize 13639 32990 24.19 48339 42634 9.31 5.85 Paddy 3085 3304 10.71 6453 4834 19.06 9.26 Wheat 16079 21590 13.43 31915 28181 9.56 6.11 Barley 4468 5455 12.21 7879 6936 8.89 5.43 Pulses 5067 1135 2.24 1421 1443 5.03 5.43 Foodgrain 47834 71589 14.97 97743 93753 7.31 6.19 Vegetables 8045 150442 187.00 217920 307185 8.97 20.84

Note: i Scenario I output growth with increased irrigated area and crop improvement programmes ii. Scenario II output growth with diversion of 20 % irrigated area to vegetable crops

2. Projected Output Growth in Field Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)

Crops Current production Projected production Growth rate (% p.a.)

Cereals 68206.10 92520.90 7.13Maize 32407.20 43759.10 7.01 Paddy 4111.70 5137.40 4.99 Wheat 24478.80 33737.40 7.56 Barley 7208.40 9887.00 7.43 Pulses 3274.40 4906.70 9.97 Rajmash 1664.10 2363.00 8.40 Mash 1337.50 2074.20 11.02 Oilseeds 272.80 469.50 14.42 Vegetables 138789.80 184968.90 6.65 Potato 61112.90 75165.10 4.60 Pea 25754.90 36275.50 8.17 Tomato 11965.30 18312.90 10.61 Cabbage 25404.90 36080.60 8.40 Cauliflower 7881.60 9461.10 4.01 French bean 2650.80 3765.00 8.41 Capsicum 1998.50 3235.40 12.38 Other vegetables 2020.90 2673.30 6.46 Spices 1649.20 2424.50 9.40 Ginger 1461.00 2130.00 9.16 Garlic 188.20 294.50 11.30

Note: Projections are based on the average yields and yields obtained by the progressive farmers Source: Field survey, 2007-08

xiv

3. Projected Production and Growth in Horticultural Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)

Fruits Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.)

Apple 185191.16 328171.29 7.72 Pear 5736.00 21072.26 26.74 Stone fruit 5993.38 11800.55 9.69 Nuts 703.66 1759.55 15.01 Other temperate fruit 5376.32 11951.39 12.23 Citrus 138.71 296.11 11.35 Mango 812.98 2041.47 15.11 Other sub-tropical fruit 79.72 231.51 19.04 All fruit 204031.92 377324.13 8.49

Note: Based on actual and potential yields. The gestation period of ten years has been considered for computing growth rate Source: Field survey, 2007-08

4. Projected Production and Growth in Livestock Sector in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)

S.No.

Product Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.)

1. Milk Cross bred cows 115379.08 200532.52 14.76 Local cows 35028.18 58595.06 13.46 Buffaloes 10152.89 14840.89 9.23 Goats 5714.26 10781.61 17.74 Total milk 166274.40 284750.08 14.25 2 Wool 105.78 145.80 7.57 3 Meat 892.15 1037.15 3.25

Source: Field survey, 2007-08

5. Estimated and Projected Value Output in Different Sectors (Rs. Lakhs)

Sectors Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.)

Agriculture 17003.94 23153.77 7.23 Horticulture 23945.67 43804.14 8.49 Animal husbandry 20793.58 35174.69 13.83 All sectors 61743.19 102132.60 9.81


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xvi

Interventions

� Ensuring availability of quality inputs like improved seeds, fertilizers and plant protection material by improving and strengthening delivery system

� Improvement of physical, chemical and biological parameters on the basis of soil health cards proposed to be issued to all farmers

� Promotion of integrated nutrient management through vermi-composting, popularization of bio-fertilisers and other ameliorants in addition to judicious and balanced nutrients to crops

� Promotion of micro-irrigation for efficient management and delivery of required quantities of water as per crop needs

� Promotion of mechanization conducive to hill farming and equipments and implements to reduce labour and to provide relief to the women folk

� Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seeds, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)

� Promotion of protected cultivation along with supporting infrastructure for quality production of high-value cash crops

� Accelerating the process of replacing indigenous breed of sheep and goat with improved breeds

� Promoting health care system of sheep and goat

� Provision of quality plant material to promote fruit production and harness available potential

� Strengthening the existing marketing infrastructure for high-value cash crops including vegetables and fruits

� Provision of quality plant material to promote fruit production and harness available potential

� Construction of adequate number of CAS (Control Atmosphere Storage) at critical points

� Installation of anti-hail guns at critical points

Research and Extension Support

� Refinement and validation of technologies for different agro-ecological situations

� Ex-situ and in situ conservation of minor millets and cereals

� Transfer of technologies through extension interventions like trainings, demonstrations, exposure visits, replication of success stories, etc.

xvii

� Validation of ITKS

� Use of IT for technology dissemination by creating IT hubs at focal points Creation of a farmers’ advisory system to address their day - to - day queries

� Promotion and strengthening of the public- private partnership for ensuring delivery of need based inputs and technologies

� Provision of technical know-how to farmers about the orchard management techniques like cutting, pruning, grafting and marketing operations like grading and packaging

7. Block-wise Augmentation of Land and Water Resources: Physical Targets (Ha) in Shimla District

Block Cultivated land

Potential cultivable

land

Productive support

land

Potential support

land

Existing irrigated

area

Potential irrigated

land

Irrigation potential through water

harvesting Basantpur 5131 1540 8920 3823 271 200 600 Chirgaon 6573 3383 49000 558 815 500 500 Chopal 13169 954 25446 6362 675 1050 2500 Jubbal 12940 3011 6698 5000 197 5728 360 Mashobra 9518 2414 9415 841 74 1200 1500 Nankhari 6110 4160 3924 1104 65 87 500 Narkanda 6082 965 8000 1157 200 40 800 Rohroo 8235 3185 7908 416 170 40 800 Rampur 6996 11320 31308 26418 1763 200 800 Theog 7536 4355 20000 5483 105 2050 1500 District 82290 35287 170619 51162 4335 11095 9860

Interventions

� In situ soil and water conservation by employing different measures

� Improvement of support lands (private grasslands) by employing different measures for the control of invasive shrubs and weeds, etc.

� Use of water potential to provide assured irrigation to rain-fed areas

� Water harvesting to create water potential for irrigation and to augment ground water

� Improvement of pastures and restoration and protection of forest grazing rights of shepherd community

8 Potential Enterprises for Gainful Employment

Sector Enterprises Farm Protected cultivation, agro-tourism, fishery, medicinal plants, mushroom, beekeeping,

organic farming, seed production, floriculture, nursery raising, dairy farming Non-Farm Vermicompost, rural craft, fruit and vegetable processing, mushroom compost

xviii

9 Human Resource

Block Crop Production Horticulture Animal Husbandry Others Total Basantpur 10 4 2 4 20 Chirgaon 0 2 0 4 6 Chopal 0 4 0 7 11 Jubbal 2 0 1 4 7

Mashobra 0 2 0 3 5 Nankhari 7 1 1 3 12 Narkanda 1 2 1 1 5 Rohroo 0 0 11 0 11 Rampur 0 0 0 3 3 Theog 0 2 0 3 5 District 20 17 16 32 85

Requirement (No.)

Interventions

� Need based training to the extension personnel within and outside the country

� Exposure to places of success stories where exemplary success has been achieved in the improvement of farming systems

Some Quantitative Outcomes

� Foodgrain production shall increase from 71,589 metric tonnes to 97,743 metric tonnes after the implementation of the plan recording a growth rate of 7.31 per cent per annum in scenario I. Even in scenario II when 20 per cent of irrigated land is shifted to high value cash crops, the growth rate in foodgrain production shall remain at 6.19 per cent per annum. The field survey also reveals high growth potential which is evident from wide gaps in the average yields and yields of progressive farmers

� Production of vegetables would increase from 1,50,442 metric tonnes to 2,17,920 metric tonnes in scenario I registering a growth rate of 8.97 per cent per annum when the proportion of area under these crops remains same and to 3,07,185 metric tonnes recording a growth rate of 20.94 per cent per annum in scenario II when 20 per cent of the irrigated area is brought under these crops. The production of vegetable crops would get big boost with the improvement in irrigation and marketing infrastructure This will generate a marketable surplus of 2,76,467 metric tonnes which in monetary terms amounts to Rs.276.47 crores. The market disposal of surplus is expected to create huge employment opportunities for rural unemployed youth through forward and backward linkages

xix

� The fruit production in the district will increase from the existing level of 2,04,032 metric tonnes to 3,77,324 metric tonnes with annual growth of 8.49 per cent. Apple is the most predominant fruit which shall record annual growth of around 8 per cent per annum in production.

� The milk, meat and wool production would increase at the annual rate of 14.25 per cent, 3.25 per cent and 7.57 per cent, respectively

� Land amounting to 20,955 hectares shall be brought under protective and assured irrigation. With the implementation of plan, 30.73 per cent of the arable land will have assured irrigation facilities compared to existing 5.27 per cent

� A huge chunk of land to the tune of 24,617 hectares infested with soil erosion and stream bank erosion, etc., shall be treated by adopting soil conservation measures. Support land (community/public/private grasslands) of 2,21,781 hectares shall be treated against invasive weeds and shrubs. This shall improve the fodder production to the approximate level of 22,178 metric tonnes

� The projected fertilizer requirement in the district by 2012-13 would be around 10,309.52 metric tonnes of urea, 10,105.81 metric tonnes of IFFCO (12:32:16), 1,574.66 metric tonnes of SSP and 5,915.24 metric tonnes of MOP. In case of increased irrigation and more diversification, the requirement of different fertilizer brands shall increase substantially.

� The value output of agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry will grow at an annual rate of 7.23 per cent, 8.49 per cent and 13.83 per cent, respectively. The overall value of gross output including agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry will increase from existing level of Rs 61,743 lakhs to Rs 1,02,133 lakhs thereby registering an annual growth rate of about 10 per cent over the plan period

Researchable Issues

The research issues that emerged from close perusal of agricultural status and potential in the district are given below:

Natural Resource Management

� Assessment and harnessing of water potential to provide assured irrigation to rain-fed areas

� Base-line survey of river catchments and assessment of ground water potential

� Characterization, classification and preparation of fertility maps of soils

xx

� Evaluation of resource conservation technologies (like conservation tillage, deficit water management, pressurized irrigation systems, nutrient-water interaction studies and recycling of waste organic residues, etc. for irrigated and rain-fed areas

� Assessment of economics of commercial crops and impact on natural resources (soil and water) and livelihoods of people

� Studies on climate change and its impacts on agro-ecology and devising suitable strategies to emerging problems from climatic change

Crop Improvement

� Development of high yielding varieties of various crops having wider adaptability and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, through exploitation of land races, agronomic basis and alien species using conventional as well as non-conventional breeding approaches

� Development of drought and disease resistant cereal varieties using certain innovative biotechnological approaches

� Acceleration of wheat improvement endeavours for the development of large number of targeted varieties for specific regions following chromosome elimination-mediated double haploidy breeding and molecular cyto-genetic approaches

� Development of wheat varieties specifically for low input and organic farming systems following organic plant breeding approaches

� Development of quality bread wheat for nutritional security in the district

� Development of wheat varieties having higher levels of rust resistance, amber grains, high regenerability and suitable maturity through introgression of important genes from the spring wheat following conventional and double haploidy breeding approaches

� Breeding for superior hulled and hulless varieties in barley for different locations of the district having resistance to yellow rust and barley blight

� Breeding for value added products like malting, brewing and other products

� Development of composites/ hybrids in maize to assure nutritional security and promotion of industrial use of maize with specific desirable quality traits

� Development and evaluation of high yielding single cross hybrids and composites in maize

� Development of hybrid oriented source population.

� Development of varieties of different pulses like mash and moong that are high yielding, disease resistant and mature early.

xxi

� Development of disease free varieties of Rajmash having high yield and suitable for intercropping.

� Development of oilseed varieties with high seed and oil yield.

� Development of high yielding fodder varieties having high nutritive value and regeneration capacity e.g. setaria and napier bajara hybrids and oats among annuals

� Development of improved varieties e.g. of tall fescu grass and legumes viz., clovers and cultivated oats as annual fodder crop

� Selection, conservation, evaluation, documentation and utilization of genetic resources ensuring wider coverage under improved crop varieties with major emphasis on quality seed production

� Refinement and validation of technologies for major crops

� Integrated nutrient management

� Development of technologies for improving water and fertilizer use efficiency in different crops

� Integrated nutrient management technology demonstration on farm/field and issues in solid waste management and standardization of agro-technology for organic farming

� Development/identification of hybrids and varieties of potential vegetable crops, standardization of production technology of hybrids and development of hybrids and production technology for protected cultivation

� Studies on economic and marketing aspects of cash crops

� Regular impact assessment and policy evaluation effecting necessary changes

� Study and evaluation of supply chain management and emerging market systems

Crop Protection

� Survey and surveillance of major diseases and pests of important crops

� Identification of resistant sources and study of genetics of resistance against pests and diseases

� Marker assisted selection of resistance genes using molecular markers and their use in gene pyramiding for resistance in commercial varieties

� Development of integrated disease and pest management modules suitable for organic and protected agriculture conditions

� Development of detection techniques for pathogens of quarantine importance and certification purposes relating to important seed and soil borne diseases (root rot and wilt

xxii

complex, bacterial wilt, bean mosaic, urd-bean leaf crinkle, bacterial blight and potato viruses, etc.)

� Formulation of bio-intensive IPM strategies for the management of Helicoverpaarmigera (tomato, fruit flies in cucurbits and tomatoes), cut worms (vegetables); plant parasitic nematodes (cereals and vegetables), insect, pest and nematode management under protected cultivation situations

� Collection and utilization of local strains of entomopathogenic organisms for insect pest management under organic farming situations

� Identification and utilization of native botanicals for eco-friendly pest management.

� Safe management alternatives for the stored grain pests

� Identification and management of diseases and insect-pests of medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants

� Weed management studies in major crops

Horticulture

� Determining suitability of new improved apple, pear and cherry varieties and rootstocks for commercialization

� Identification of niche area and remapping of different fruit growing belts

� Rejuvenation of old and senile orchards

� Evaluation of cherry rootstocks for wide adaptability

� Identification and multiplication of clonal rootstocks for precaucious and higher yields in pears.

� Development of production module for organic fruit farming

� Development of irrigation and fertigation modules

� Nutrient indexing and improvement of soil health

� Development of resource (soil & water) conservation horticulture practices

� Development of technology for Integrated Nutrient Management in fruits and vegetables

� Generation of data base of pollinator diversity in different horticultural crops

� Awareness of pollinator conservation and use of honey bees in managed crop pollination for increased crop productivity

� Identification of potential bee-keeping belts in different blocks

� Identification of safe waiting periods of pesticides on horticultural crops

xxiii

� Development of management strategies for curative and post symptom control of apple scab and premature leaf fall

� Evaluating the efficacy of newly developed fungicides, monitoring of resistant strains and breeding for disease resistance against apple scab and premature leaf fall

� Establishment of race situation in respect of apple scab

� Developing strategies for the management of newly emerging foliar and fruit diseases of apple like root rot causing pre-harvest fruit drop, etc.

� Standardization of alternative propagation techniques and quality nursery production of fruit crops

� Identification of constraints in different horticultural crops

� Refinement of spray schedules in apple

� Studies on economic and marketing aspects of cherry and other minor fruits

Animal Husbandry

� Identification of socio-biological causes, economic implications and remedial strategy to tackle monkey menace.

� A technical analysis of livestock health and reproduction facilities of state Animal Husbandry Department by livestock keepers of the district

� A study on the adoption of improved animal health and production technologies by livestock farmers in the district

� Identification of the indigenous livestock health practices among livestock farmers in less developed areas of the district

� Development of a strategic dairy farming package for livestock farmers in the district, in the face of ’livestock revolution 2020

� Identification of the critical technical gaps in attaining the profitability under hill cattle production system

� Development of endocrinological tools to augment production and reproduction in dairy animals

� Strategic mineral supplementation in animals to improve profitability of livestock owners of the district

� Epidemiological data collection and mapping of the district and adjoining areas

� Surveillance, monitoring and control of diseases of animals and birds including wild fauna

xxiv

� Pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drugs on local breeds of animals and pharmacokinetic interaction of herbal bio-enhancers

� Pharmacological and toxicological studies on the poisonous plants of the district

� Development of herbal nutraceuticals for health and production of farm animals

� Toxicological studies on the poisonous plants and characterization of their toxic principles and anti nutritional factors

� Investigation on the etiological agents of infectious infertility among bovine, ovine and caprice including male animals with special emphasis on Brucellosis

� Preparation and testing of multiserotype vaccine against H.S.

� Serosurveillance of some important infections diseases in livestock of district

� Investigation on the epidemiology and serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in bovines in the district

� Molecular diagnosis and genetic diversity analysis of important pathogens responsible for major animal diseases and zoonoses in the district

� Identification of constraints in way of transfer of dairy technology of livestock farmers in the district: perceptions of stake-holders i.e. livestock keepers, veterinarians, para vets and development agencies/NGOs

� Identification of the indigenous livestock health practices among livestock farmers in the district

� Documentation of the prevailing ethno-veterinary practices among migratory shepherds (Gaddies) of the district, their scientific validation and subsequent mass dissemination

� Analytical study of the contribution of women to animal husbandry operations in different agro-climatic situations of the district

� Documentation and scientific validation of the livestock husbandry- related indigenous technical knowledge (ITK)/ practices among backward area like Dodra Kwar of the district

� Evaluation of appropriateness of the recommended animal husbandry technologies for different agro-climatic situations of the district

� Developing database for various surgical disorder in small and large animals of the district

� Diagnosis imaging for early and accurate management of surgical afflictions in animals

� Evaluation of medicinal plants/ herbs utilized in soft and hard tissue healing in animals

� Development of safe and suitable balanced anaesthetic techniques for ponies and wild animal of the district

xxv

� Standardization of various orthopaedics (external and internal) techniques in large, small and companion animals

� Standardization and further application of endoscopic and laproscopic techniques in clinical cases of abdominal disorders in small and large animal

� Application of various diagnostic and operative ophthalmic procedures in surgical cases of small and large animals

Floriculture

� Delineation of areas/ locations suitable for different flower crops

� Availability of authentic and quality germplasm/ planting material of various flower crops to the growers at affordable prices

� Year round flower production

� Standardization of location-specific production technology for different flower crops as under:

i) Recommendation of varieties

ii) Standardization of planting time

iii) Standardization of nutrients and integrated management (INM and IPM)

iv) Irrigation management

v) Flower regulation as per the market demands

vi) Post-harvest management and maintaining the cool chain

vii) Refinement of infrastructure (greenhouse technology)

Fisheries

Development of technologies to harness trout fish production potential and also providing technical know-how to the fish farmers

In brief, the implementation of District Agricultural Plan (DAP) shall strengthen and improve the physical and institutional infrastructure and shall restore, rejuvenate, conserve and enhance the health of the available natural resource base. It shall also give a big boost to the ongoing process of crop diversification towards high value cash crop agriculture including off-season vegetables and other niche based enterprises generating adequate employment opportunities for the rural unemployed youth. In concrete terms, the implementation of the plan shall go a long way in ensuring ecological sustainability and economic viability of the production systems of the district.

1

Chapter-I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Planning is an act or process of preparing or carrying out a focussed activity with goals, procedures and policies for economic emancipation of a social or economic unit in a given time frame. The document containing goals, targets and policies to accomplish plan targets is defined as plan. Planning in the context of district agricultural plans is an exercise of preparing an integrated plan considering available resources and encompassing all sectoral activities and schemes being carried out by the government or non-government organisations in a local government area such as panchayat, block/taluka or district. Accordingly, the plan thus prepared is called panchayat or block or district plan. The process of democratic decentralised planning in India dates back to the First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956) which underlined the need to break up the planning exercise into national, state, district and community levels. Two new elements, namely, establishment of District Development Council and drawing up of village plans and people’s participation in planning process through democratic decisions were added in the Second Five Year Plan following the recommendations of Balwant Rai Mehta Committee in 1957. Several new elements have been added to strengthen the process of decentralised planning in the subsequent plans. The importance of preparing panchayat/block/district plan lies in involving the people at the grassroots/stakeholders level and those who are responsible for implementing these plans. The Administrative Reforms Commission in 1967 highlighted that planning needed to be focussed in those areas where local variations in pattern and process of development were likely to yield quick results. The Planning Commission issued guidelines to the state governments for formulating district plans in 1969. These guidelines provided details regarding the concept and methodology for drawing up these plans in a framework of annual, medium and perspective plans. The recommendations of several other Committees, namely, Danatwala (1978), Hanumantha Rao (1984) and GVK Rao 1985 were instrumental in the concretisation of the idea and concept of District Plans.

The preparation of these plans assumed special significance in the aftermath of the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments which conferred constitutional status to panchayats at district and sub-district levels and local self-government in urban areas. Article 243 ZD of the constitution provides for the procedure for the constitution of District Planning Committee at the district level to consolidate the plans prepared by the panchayats and municipalities and prepare draft development plan for the whole district. The important functions proposed for the district planning committee include, inter alia, to (i) consolidate plans prepared by the panchayats at different levels of the rural local and urban bodies; (ii) assess the development disparity that exists between or among village panchayats, block panchayats and municipalities and identify the basic reasons for these disparities; (iii) identify and prioritise the schemes for the

2

development of district conforming to the objectives of the state and central governments; (iv) formulate objectives and strategies for the identification and prioritisation of the schemes for the district. As per the guidelines, the preparation of district level plans have to preceded, among others, by the complete assignment of the activities to be undertaken by different levels of local government, formation of District Planning Committees (DPCs).

The current crisis in agricultural sector has once again brought up the importance of preparing district agricultural plans taking into account myriad of agro-climatic niches, problems and potentials in each of the district in the country. As is well known, performance of Indian economy has been a global success story. While it has been growing at a rate of 6 per cent per annum since 1993, the growth rate has been an astonishing 9 per cent during the last four years. This is in stark contrast to the growth rate in Indian agriculture which has witnessed sharp deceleration during the last decade or so. The growth rate has plummeted from a 3.62 per cent per annum during the period of 1984-85 to 1995-96 to less than 2 per cent in the subsequent period of 1995-96 to 2004-05. Agricultural growth was slightly above two per cent during 2006-07 but much lower than the target growth rate of 4 per cent. In brief, Indian agriculture is in a crisis which is unprecedented. The sordid state of affairs has been attributed, among others, technology fatigue versus policy fatigue and persistent neglect of agriculture and gradual withdrawal of state from active participation in development activities. It is evident from declining plan outlay, declining public sector capital formation, dwindling credit supply which is manifested in fact that the growth rate of institutional credit to agriculture has declined from about 6. 64 per cent during 1981-91 to 2.16 per cent during 1991-99, decrease in the use of critical inputs, increase in the cost of production, faulty price policy in terms of mismatch between minimum support price (MSP) and coverage of commodities under MSP scheme. Likewise, neglect of agricultural research and extension, technology fatigue manifested in stagnation/deceleration in growth of yields of important crops like wheat, practically no increase in area under irrigation despite launching Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) in 1996-97. Between 1995-96 and 2003-04 both central and state governments have spent nearly Rs. 35,000 crores but the net irrigated area has remained static at around 53-55 million hectares, the poor growth in surface irrigation has obliged farmers to depend heavily on ground water exploitation thereby depleting ground water resources and increasing cost of production and fall in the rate of growth of employment opportunities. While the overall employment growth declined from 1.74 per cent between 1983-84 and 1993-94 to 1.08 per cent between 1993-94 and 2003-04, in agriculture it decreased from 1.41 per cent to 0.63 per cent. The net result has been dwindling income of the farmers culminating in increasing number of farmers’ suicides.

The Eleventh Five -Year Plan (2007-2012) has set a target of 4 per cent for agricultural sector and 9 per cent for the economy as a whole. To accomplish this rate of growth, centre has emphasised fast and inclusive growth, especially of agricultural sector, so that the benefits of growth percolate down to the most vulnerable sections of the society like landless labour, marginal and small farmers, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, women, and so on. A number of

3

new initiatives have been launched to revive growth in agriculture. One of such important innovation that has been introduced in the Eleventh Five Year- Plan is Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) with an outlay of Rs. 25,000 crores to give states more flexibility and autonomy in planning and executing programmes for agriculture, achieve goals of bridging the yield gaps in important crops, maximise returns to the farmers, incentivise them to spend more on agricultural sector and address the agriculture and allied sectors in an integrated manner. The funds under this scheme would be provided to the states as 100 per cent grant by the central government. An outlay of Rs. 1,500 crores has been approved for 2007-08. The financial assistance provided to the state governments from this centrally sponsored scheme is subject to fulfilment of certain conditions. First, the expenditure on agriculture by the state governments is higher than the base period, which is defined as the moving average of the expenditure of the preceding three years. Second, the preparation of district and state agricultural plans is mandatory. The areas like integrated development of food crops including coarse cereals, minor millets and pulses, agricultural mechanisations, soil health and productivity, development of rainfed farming systems, integrated pest management, market infrastructure, horticulture, animal husbandry, dairying and fisheries, completion of projects that have definite time lines, support to institutions that promote agriculture and horticulture, etc organic and bio-fertilisers are given priority. The District Agricultural Plan (DAP) should determine each district’s final resource envelops, its production plan and the associated input plan. It has also been emphasised to integrate these district level agricultural plans with the state plans.

Against above background, the Himachal Pradesh State Department of Agriculture entrusted the task of preparing these plans to Agricultural University, Palampur as per the guidelines issued by the Planning Commission. The guidelines entail collection and analysis of data on parameters such as land utilisation, farming systems, cropping pattern, horticulture, input use, farm machinery, yield and input gaps, issues in livestock management, fisheries, livelihoods of local population, different ongoing irrigation and watershed programmes/schemes, potential for new schemes, women drudgery, post harvest operations, market infrastructure, and so on at the village/ panchayat level. The methodological framework to prepare these plans got evolved in a series of consultations with the officials of the line department like agriculture, animal husbandry and horticulture and the scientists working at different KVKs and regional research stations. The details of the methodological framework have been given in the subsequent section.

1.2 Data and Methods

In the literature on methodologies in social sciences, there are five main approaches, namely, sample surveys, rapid appraisal, participant observation, case studies and participatory learning and action to conduct a research inquiry. The reliability and generalization of the findings of any study hinges on the methodology followed to conduct the study. The adoption of a particular approach or amalgam of different approaches, however, is contingent on a variety of factors most notably, the objectives of the proposed research inquiry, the proposed use of the findings, the

4

required level of reliability of results, complexity of the research area/programme and, of course, the availability of resources in terms of both money and time. The merits and demerits of different approaches have been described in Hulme1, 2000, pp. 79-98. The present section is, therefore, devoted to explain methodological framework adopted to prepare district agricultural plan.

1.2.1 Sampling Plan

The state has been divided into 77 developmental blocks. Though all the developmental blocks in the state were taken, sampling approach was adopted to select the panchayats. The sample panchayats were selected in such a way so as the variations in micro climatic niches, farming systems and cropping patterns in a particular block were captured. To meet this requirement, it was decided to select 10 per cent of the total panchayats from each of the blocks with a minimum of four panchayats as the total number of panchayats exceeded 200. There are ten blocks in the district and following this methodology, the number of panchayats selected in district Shimla was 45. The details of the sample panchayats selected from each block have been provided in Table 1.1.

1.2.2 Survey Tools

Guided by the parameters given in guidelines issued by the Planning Commission for the preparation of these plans and discussions held with the officials of Department of Agriculture, different aspects on which data were to be collected had been divided in two parts. First, those on which data were to be collected at block level. Second, those on which data were to be collected at panchayats level. Accordingly, two questionnaires were developed which were discussed with different stakeholders and officials of line departments before finalising. These questionnaires were administered in all blocks and sample panchayats for the agricultural year 2007-2008. The data were collected following participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approach. The officers of the line departments, namely, agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry and panchayat pradhans including two-three progressive farmers participated in the data collection process.

1.2.3 Analytical Tools

The data were analysed following appropriate statistical tools. Since the data were collected from sample panchayats, the estimates arrived at from sample panchayats were required to be blown up for the block as a whole. For blowing up these estimates, the statistical tools like percentages, simple and weighted averages and standard deviations of different parameters were computed. The averages then were multiplied with the total number of panchayats in a particular block to arrive at the estimates for the whole block. In some cases, depending upon the nature of parameters, one standard deviation was added to the average to arrive at estimates at the block level. The problems, suggestions and interventions suggested by

5

Table 1.1 Sampling Plan

Sr. No. Name of block Total panchayats

(No.)

Number of selected

panchayats

Name of panchayat selected for DAP

1 Basantpur 29 4 Ghaini, Nal Dhera, Ogli, Thaila 2 Chirgaon 26 4 Batewani Maila, Masali, Khabul, Khashdhar 3 Chopal 54 6 Bharanu, Kedi, Khadder, Nerwa, Paulia, Thana 4 Jubbal 48 5 Derogarh, Giltashi, Kuddu, Prali, Solang 5 Mashobra 46 5 Anandpur, Cehbag, Dhalli, Galot, Koti 6 Nankhari 17 4 Gahan, Khamdi, Nankhri, Thailli Chapts 7 Narkanda 26 4 Bharari, Buragown, Jardi, Sihal Narkanda 8 Rohroo 32 4 Arha, Karalash, Kutara, Tikkar 9 Rampur 31 4 Jeori, Jakhari, Shingla, Taklaj

10 Theog 50 5 Dharech, Kiar, Sainj, Sandhu, Sarog District 359 45

the grass root level functionaries were coded. Based upon these codes, frequency tables were generated and different problems and interventions were prioritised and five most important problems and interventions were considered for preparing plan estimates. The interventions required to solve different problems and to exploit the available potential in different areas, were divided into three categories namely, research, extension and development. The funds for these interventions were then worked out in consultation with the stakeholders. The financial requirements for other parameters like irrigation, watershed schemes, infrastructure, markets, and so on were prepared in consultation with the district level officials of the line departments like agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and irrigation. The state level plans were prepared on the basis of different district agricultural plans.

1.2.4 Limitations

For the preparation of the district agricultural plans strictly according to the guidelines issued by the Planning Commission, the data on different parameters should have been collected at the village level. This, however, could not be done due to time constraint. Currently, while most of the data are being collected and prepared at tehsil level, the developmental schemes are being implemented at block level whose geographical area seldom coincides with that of tehsils. This led to some problems in generating estimates for the whole block.

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Note 1. Hulme, David (2000). Impact Assessment Methodologies for Microfinance, Theory, Experience and Better Practice. World Development, 20(1): 79-98.

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Chapter-II

DESCRIPION OF THE DISTRICT

2.1 Background 2.1.1 Physical Features

Shimla district is situated in humid temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. The district is located between longitude 770 and 780 East and latitude 300. It is surrounded by Mandi and Kullu districts in the North, Kinnaur in the East and Sirmour district in South and Solan district in the West. The geographical area of the district is 5,131 sq. kms, which is 9.22 per cent of the total area of the state. The elevation of the district varies from 600 mts above msl at Tata Pani to 5,760 mts above msl at Gushu Pishu. The entire district is mountainous with steep hills. The topography of the district is rugged and tough. Shimla district, in its present form, came into existence from 1st September, 1972 on re-organization of the districts of the state. It derives its name from Shimla town, the district headquarters and now the state capital of Himachal Pradesh. Present day Shimla district comprises of 19 erstwhile hill states mainly Balson, Bushher Bhaji and Koti, Darketi, Tharoch & Dhadi, Kumharsain, Khanet & Delath, Dhami, Jubbal, Keothal, Rawingarh, Ratesh and Sangri. The district has many famous tourist spots.

2.1.2 Climate

The climate of the district varies from cold and dry zone to temperate and sub- tropical zone depending on the terrain and height of the area. The hills and the mountain ranges are generally aligned in the east-west direction, which presents a complicated pattern of relief. The predominantly rough terrain, the prevalence of interlocking spurs, narrow and steep side valleys throughout the district reflect the youthfulness of its topography.

From administrative and development point of view, Shimla district is divided into 7 sub- divisions, 11 tehsils, 6 sub- tehsils and 10 developmental blocks. The total number of villages are 2,597 and out of this 2,311 are inhabited and remaining 286 are non-inhabited villages. There are four broad seasons. The climatic conditions vary from the temperate to the alpine with low lying areas experiencing warm season. The crop cultivation varies according to location and altitude of the area. Maximum temperature of Shimla proper varies between 15.4 C0 to 30.6 C0 and minimum temperature varies between (-) 2.5 C0 to 15 C0. Humidity of Shimla town also varies in between 39 to 93 per cent. The average annual rainfall of Shimla town is about 1,039 mm per annum with the highest precipitation being in Jubbal i.e. about 1,084 mm and lowest in Kumarsain at 447 mm. Seventy per cent of total rainfall is precipitated during rainy season and remaining 30 per cent during spring, winter and autumn seasons. The rainfall pattern during different seasons of the year and total rainfall between 1990-91 and 2003-04 has been given in Table 2.1. The table shows wide fluctuations in the pattern of distribution of rainfall during different seasons. During the monsoon period, the amount of rainfall varied from as high as

8

803.7 mm in 1995-96 to as low as 396.8 mm in 1991-92. The amount of rainfall in winter varied from as low as 51.7 mm in 2000-01 to as high as 236.0 mm in 2001-02. The amount of rainfall in all the four seasons varied from as low as 799.4 mm in 1991-92 to as high as 1,254.9 mm in 1995-96.

Table 2.1 Trends in Average Rainfall; 1990-91 to 2003-04 (Millimeters) for Shimla District Year Monsoon Winter Post-monsoon Pre-monsoon Total 1990-91 568.3 174.6 141.0 352.9 1236.5 1991-92 396.8 117.3 83.1 202.2 799.4 1992-93 724.3 228.2 16.4 176.9 1146.2 1993-94 672.1 201.9 24.5 186.3 1024.8 1994-95 717.1 201.9 27.5 186.3 1132.8 1995-96 803.7 231.4 42.9 176.9 1254.9 1996-97 578.4 123.8 33.6 301.5 1037.3 1997-98 589.4 160.0 228.7 265.6 1243.7 1998-99 664.0 102.2 162.9 982 1027.3

1999-2000 551.0 202.7 33.2 150.7 937.6 2000-01 746.4 51.7 3.4 246.9 1048.4 2001-02 447.7 236.0 47.7 204.3 935.7 2002-03 488.5 149.2 16.1 171.7 825.5 2003-04 -- -- -- -- 811.0

Source: Annual season and crop reports, different issues, Directorate of Land Records, Government of H.P, Shimla

2.1.3 Soils

The soils of Shimla district are mainly developed under varying magnitude of podzolization. The B horizon shows eluviations of free resquioxides and clay. The gentle slopes of hills have undergone a good deal of modification due to terraced farming. On the whole, the soils are young and thin deep ploughing is neither possible nor advisable. Generally, the soils on the northern slopes are thicker than those of southern slopes. The soil reaction ranges from slightly acidic to strongly acidic and the texture of the soil ranges from salty loam to clay loam.

The colour varies from dark to brown. The organic content is higher and potash availability is medium. The presence of phosphorous is from low to medium. The soils are classified as Hapludolls and Hapludalf. Generally, soils of the district are medium in organic carbon and nitrogen, low in phosphorous and high in potassium. Deficiency of zinc, boron and sulphur are reported in some pockets of the district.

2.2 Demographic Features

The population of Shimla district as per 1981 census was 5, 10,932 which increased to 6, 17,404 in 1991 recording a decadal growth rate of 20.84 per cent (Table 2.2). The population of the district further increased to 7, 22,502 in 2001 with a decadal growth rate of 16.90 per cent. The district accounted for 11.89 per cent of the total population of the state. The density of population increased from 100 persons per square kilometer in 1981 to 141 persons per square kilometre in 2001. The literacy level of the district has increased from 42.74 per cent in 1981 to 79.68 per

9

cent in 2001. The literacy rate of the district was higher than that of the state average for 1991 and 2001. The male literacy was higher than that of the female literacy both for the district as well as for the state as a whole.

Table 2.2 Demographic Features

Particulars Census year

Population (No.) Literacy %

Person Per centstate

Dec.growth (%)

Density/ Sq Km

Sex ratio (F/1000M) Male Female Total

Shimla 1981 510932 11.93 21.70 100 878 54.37 29.48 42.74 1991 617404 11.94 20.84 120 897 75.96 51.75 64.61 2001 722502 11.89 16.90 141 898 87.72 70.68 79.68 H. P. 1981 4280818 100.00 23.71 93 973 53.19 31.46 42.48 1991 5170877 100.00 20.79 93 976 75.36 52.13 63.86 2001 6077248 100.00 17.39 109 970 86.02 68.08 77.13

Source: Census of HP, 1981, 1991 & 2001

The sex wise distribution of population has been brought out in Table 2.3. The table shows that among different tehsils, female population accounted for more than 50 per cent only in Suni while in the remaining tehsils their proportion was less than 50 per cent. At the district level, the proportion of female population was less than 50 per cent (47.27 per cent). The tehsil- wise rural and urban population has been given in Tables 2.4. and 2.5. Majority of the population lives in rural area in all the tehsils except Shimla-(Urban) where the whole population is urban. In different tehsils, the proportion of the rural population varied from 92 to 98 per cent. However, the entire population was rural in Chirgaon, Dodra Kawar tehsils and Nankhari, Tikkar, Nerva, Junga and Chetta sub- tehsils. For the district as a whole, the proportion of rural and urban population was 76.85 per cent and 23.15 per cent, respectively.

Table 2.3 Tehsil-wise Demographic Features of District Shimla, 2001 (No.) Tehsil Persons Male Female Sex ratio (F/1000M)Suni 31425 (100.00) 15023 (47.81) 16402 (52.19) 1092 Shimla (Rural ) 73521 (100.00) 39129 (53.22) 34392 (46.78) 879 Shimla (Urban) 142555 (100) 81186 (56.95) 61369 (43.05) 756 Theog 77954 (100.00) 39948 (51.25) 38006 (48.75) 951 Kumarsain 40577 (100.00) 20713 (51.05) 19864 (48.95) 959 Rampur 72026 (100.00) 38688 (53.71) 33338 (46.29) 862 Rohroo 44887 (100.00) 23469 (52.28) 21418 (47.72) 913 Jubbal 33649 (100.00) 17323 (51.48) 16326 (48.52) 942 Chirgaon 39513 (100.00) 20249 (51.25) 19264 (48.75) 951 Kotkhai 34155 (100.00) 17567 (51.43) 16588 (48.57) 944 Dodra Kawar 5664 (100.00) 2909 (51.36) 2755 (48.64) 947 Chopal 28387 (100.00) 14655 (51.62) 13732 (48.38) 937 Nankhari (ST) 25154 (100.00) 12605 (50.11) 12549 (49.89) 996 Tikkar 12590 (100.00) 6459 (51.30) 6131 (48.70) 949 Nerva (ST) 31192 (100.00) 15963 (51.18) 15229 (48.82) 954 Junga (ST) 12422 (100.00) 6414 (51.63) 6008 (48.37) 937 Chetta (ST) 16831 (100.00) 8696 (51.67) 8135 (48.33) 935 District 722502 (100.00) 380996 (52.73) 341506 (47.27) 896 Note: Figures in parentheses indicate percentages of the total population Source: Census of HP, 2001

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Table 2.4 Tehsil-wise Rural and Urban Population of District Shimla, 2001 (No.)

Tehsil Total Rural Urban Persons Male Female Persons Male Female Persons Male Female

Suni 31425 15023) 16402 29896 14259 15637 1529 764 765 Shimla (Rural)

73521 39129 34392 71101 37475 33626 2420 1654 766

Shimla Urban) 142555 81186 61369 -- -- -- 142555 81186 61369 Theog 77954 39948 38006 74200 37816 36384 3754 2132 1622 Kumarsain 40577 20713 19864 39864 20267 19597 713 446 267 Rampur 72026 38688 33338 66373 35383 30990 5653 3305 2348 Rohru 44887 23469 21418 38280 19598 18682 6607 3871 2736 Jubbal 33649 17323 16326 32303 16531 15772 1346 792 554 Chirgaon 39513 20249 19264 39513 20249 19264 -- -- -- Kotkhai 34155 17567 16588 33006 16905 16101 1149 662 487 Dodra Kawar 5664 2909 2755 5664 2909 2755 -- -- -- Chopal 28387 14655 13732 26880 13776 13104 1507 879 628 Nankhari (ST) 25154 12605 12549 25154 12605 12549 -- -- -- Tikkar 12590 6459 6131 12590 6459 6131 -- -- -- Nerva (ST) 31192 15963 15229 31192 15963 15229 -- -- -- Junga (ST) 12422 6414 6008 12422 6414 6008 -- -- -- Chetta (ST) 16831 8696 8135 16831 8696 8135 -- -- -- District 722502 380996 341506 555269 285305 269964 167233 95691 71542

Source: Census of HP, 2001

Table 2.5 Tehsil-wise Proportion of Rural and Urban Population of District Shimla, 2001

Tehsil Rural Urban Persons Male Female Persons Male Female

Suni 95.13 94.91 95.34 4.87 5.09 4.66 Shimla (Rural ) 96.71 95.77 97.77 3.29 4.23 2.23 Shimla (Urban) -- -- -- 100.00 100.00 100.00 Theog 95.18 94.60 95.73 4.82 5.34 4.27 Kumarsain 98.24 97.85 98.66 1.76 2.15 1.34 Rampur 92.15 91.46 92.96 7.85 8.54 7.04 Rohru 85.28 83.51 87.22 14.72 16.49 12.78 Jubbal 96.00 95.43 96.61 4.00 4.57 3.39 Chirgaon 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Kotkhai 96.64 96.23 97.06 3.36 3.77 2.94 Dodra Kawar 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Chopal 94.69 94.00 95.43 5.31 6.00 4.57 Nankhari (ST) 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Tikkar 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Nerva (ST) 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Junga (ST) 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- Chetta (ST) 100.00 100.00 100.00 -- -- -- District 76.85 74.88 79.05 23.15 25.12 20.95

Source: Census of HP, 2001

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The distribution of total workers into main and marginal workers in district Shimla and state of Himachal Pradesh has been presented in Table 2.6. As may be seen from table, the workers constituted nearly half of the total population in the district. Out of total workers, three- fourth were main workers. Similar pattern was discernible at the state level also. Further, among the male and female workers, proportion of total male workers was more (57.22 per cent). In case of females, the proportion of workers was around 44 per cent. The pattern of distribution of total workers into main and marginal workers in the district and at the state level was not similar. There was also different pattern in distribution of male and female workers into main and marginal workers. In case of male workers, the proportion of marginal workers was around 10 per cent while in respect of female workers, it was around 28 per cent. The pattern of distribution of total male workers and total female workers into main and marginal workers for the state as a whole was not similar to the pattern at the district level. The proportion of marginal main male workers was around 21 per cent. However, in respect of females, it was more than 51 per cent.

Table 2.6 Proportion of Workers to Total Population, 2001 (No.) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Particulars Person Male FemaleShimlaPopulation 722502 380996 341506 Total workers 370223

(51.24) 219133 (57.52)

151090 (44.24)

Main workers 305709 (42.31)

196700 (51.63)

109009 (31.92)

Marginal workers 64514 (8.93)

22433 (5.89)

42081 (12.32)

Himachal Pradesh Population 6077900 3087940 2989960 Total workers 2992461

(49.23) 1686658

(54.62) 1305803

(43.67) Main workers 1963882

(32.31) 1333361

(43.17) 630521 (21.09)

Marginal workers 1028579 (16.92)

353297 (11.44)

675282 (22.58)

Note: Figures in parentheses are percentages Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations,

Himachal Pradesh, Shimla, 2001

Table 2.7 further provides per cent distribution of total workers into main and marginal workers. The table shows that out of the total workers, more than 80 per cent were main workers. Among male and female workers, the main workers accounted for around 90 per cent in case of the former and around 72 per cent in respect of the latter. For the state as a whole, the per cent share of marginal workers in total workers was higher comparatively than that of their proportion at the district level.

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Table 2.7 Distribution of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001 (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Particulars Persons Male Female ShimlaMain workers 82.57 89.76 72.15 Marginal workers 17.43 10.24 27.85 All 100.00 100.00 100.00 Himachal Pradesh Main workers 65.62 79.05 48.29 Marginal workers 34.38 20.95 51.71 All 100.00 100.00 100

Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

The distribution of main and marginal workers into different occupational categories has been brought out in Table 2.8. As may be seen from the table, cultivators accounted for around 60 per cent of the total workers among the main workers while among male and female workers, the cultivators accounted for around 47 per cent in case of former and as high as 81 per cent in case of the latter. The per cent share of workers in two other occupational categories viz. agricultural labour and household industry was low to the tune of around 2 per cent in case of agricultural labour and around 1 per cent in case of household industry. The workers in other occupations which included construction, transport and communication and services accounted for 37 per cent of the total main workers. It was, however, important to mention that in case of male workers, half of the main workers were employed in other occupations as against only 16 per cent in case of female workers. Likewise, the distribution of marginal workers into different occupational categories shows that a preponderant majority of such workers in both the male and female category was engaged in cultivation both at district and state level.

The per cent of marginal workers engaged in other occupation viz., construction activities, transport and communication, hotel and restaurant, etc., were comparatively higher in case of male workers than female workers both at the district and state level.

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Table 2.8 Occupational Composition of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001

Particulars Shimla Himachal Pradesh Persons Male Female Persons Male Female

I Main workers 305709

(100.00) 196700

(100.00) 109009

(100.00) 1963882 (110.00)

1333361 (100.00)

630521 (100.00)

i. Cultivators 181359 (59.32)

93048 (47.30)

88311 (81.01)

1089124 (55.46)

578807 (43.40)

510317 (80.93)

ii. Agricultural labour 6977

(2.28) 4-86

(2.33) 2391

(2.19) 36156 (1.84)

26499 (1.99)

9657 (1.53)

iii. Household industry 3540

(1.16) 2642

(1.34) 898

(0.82) 34917 (1.74)

27671 (2.07)

7246 (1.15)

iv. Others 113833 (37.24)

96424 (49.03)

17409 (15.98)

803685 (40.92)

700384 (52.53)

103301 (16.38)

II Marginal workers 64514

(100.00) 22433

(100.00) 42081

(100.00) 1028579 (100.00)

353297 (100.00)

675282 (100.00)

i. Cultivators 56131

(87.00) 17610

(78.50) 38521

(91.54) 865746 (84.16)

255505 972.32)

610241 (90.36)

ii. Agricultural labour 2837

(4.40) 1312

(5.85) 1525

(3.63) 58015 (5.64)

29159 (8.25)

28856 (4.27)

iii. Household industry 852

(1.32) 429

(1.91) 423

(1.00) 17602 (2.03)

6363 (1.80)

11239 (1.66)

iv. Others 4694

(7.28) 3082

(13.74) 1612

(3.83) 87216 (8.48)

62270 (1.76)

24946 (3.69)

Note: Figures in parentheses are percentages Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh,-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations,

Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

2.3 Land Utilization, Cropping Pattern and Crop Production

The changes in the land utilization pattern have been brought in Table 2.9. This table shows that the area under forests in the district remained almost stagnant between 1990-91 (25.19 per cent) and 2004-05 (25.50 per cent). There was marginal decline in the proportion of the area under barren land, while the area put to non-agricultural uses, pastures, cultivable waste, current fallow, other fallow and area under miscellaneous trees/ groves marginally increased by varying degree between 1990-91 and 2004-05. The net sown area decreased significantly from 17.65 per cent to 13.34 per cent between 1990-91 and 2004-05. The pattern of change in land utilization for the state was, however, different. The area under forests, cultivable waste and net sown area declined by varying degree, especially during 1995-96 and 2004-05. The area put to non-agricultural uses, however, recorded a significant increase particularly between 2000-01 and 2004-05.

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Table 2.9 Changing Land Utilization Pattern in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh (Per cent)

Particulars Year Forest land

Barrenland

Non- agricul- -tural uses

Culturablewaste

Pasture Misc. trees/

groves

Currentfallow

Other fallow

Net sown area

Shimla 1990-91 25.19 3.76 2.91 2.34 45.21 0.96 1.66 0.32 17.65 1995-96 26.21 3.81 1.79 2.48 45.83 0.39 2.46 0.34 16.69 2000-01 24.40 2.88 2.74 2.82 49.67 0.51 1.68 1.02 14.28 2004-05 25.50 3.08 3.14 2.91 45.83 2.77 2.71 0.72 13.34 H.P. 1990-91 30.85 5.46 5.74 3.72 33.72 1.43 1.33 0.46 17.31 1995-96 31.10 4.07 5.66 3.64 35.44 1.35 1.55 0.76 16.43 2000-01 24.05 17.75 6.90 2.74 33.63 1.25 1.19 0.30 12.20 2004-05 24.22 14.78 10.08 2.80 33.02 1.51 1.32 0.31 11.94

Source: Statistical Outline of Himachal Pradesh

Table: 2.10 Changes in Cropping Pattern in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh (Per cent)

Districts Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Pulses Foodgrain Cropped area ('000' ha)

Shimla 1990-91 19.17 3.28 27.11 5.41 5.73 69.92 109.99 1995-96 18.65 3.33 24.40 4.89 5.87 64.68 106.68 2000-01 17.03 2.74 16.82 4.46 5.44 53.29 94.03 2002-03 14.59 3.30 17.20 4.78 5.42 51.17 93.48 H.P. 1990-91 32.44 8.63 38.26 2.98 3.69 88.59 983.60 1995-96 32.58 8.74 38.04 2.84 3.80 87.43 949.89 2000-01 31.46 8.65 38.27 2.71 3.28 85.98 947.54 2002-03 30.80 8.80 38.03 2.50 3.19 85.67 945.21

Source: Statistical outline of Himachal Pradesh Note: Percentages have been worked out on the basis of total cropped area in each district.

The changes in the cropping pattern brought out in Table 2.10, show that the area under different food grain crops except rice in the district recorded a decrease over the period. The area under rice, however, remained stagnant over the period. The area under all food grain crops decreased significantly from around 70 per cent to around 51 per cent between 1990-91 and 2002-03. In comparison, at the state level, the area under food grain crops decreased from around 89 per cent in 1990-91 to 86 per cent in 2002-03. In respect of important crops like maize, wheat, barley and pulses, the per cent of the area under these crops witnessed decrease of varying degree.

The changes in the production of different crops including total food grains have been given in Table 2.11. The table reveals that the production of the food grains in the district recorded a huge fall from 126.20 thousand metric tonnes in 1990-91 to 48.73 thousand metric tonnes in 2002-03. Among different food grains crops, leaving the year 2002-03 which was a drought year, the maximum decline was noted in case of wheat followed by maize and barley. Similar pattern was discernible at the state level as well. The production of food grains decreased from 1,433.30 thousand metric tonnes in 1990-91 to 1,120.19 thousand metric tonnes in 2002.-03. Likewise,

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among different crops, while the production of maize decreased from 654.96 thousand metric tonnes in 1990-91 to 483.33 metric tonnes 2002-03; the production of rice during the same period fell from 106.50 thousand metric tonnes to 85.65 thousand metric tonnes while the production of wheat decreased from 601.72 thousand metric tonnes to 495.56 thousand metric tonnes. More importantly, however, the production of pulses during this period significantly increased from 12.67 thousand metric tonnes to 19.21 thousand metric tonnes. The yield levels of main crops have been shown in the Table 2.12. As may be seen from the table the yield levels of all crops except pulses have recorded decrease of varying degree between 1990-91 and 2002-03 both at the district and state level.

Table 2.11 Changes in Production of Major Crops and Total Foodgrain Production, 1990-91 to 2002-03 (000, Mt) in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh

Particulars Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Pulses Foodgrain Shimla 1990-91 53.68 3.22 48.58 10.42 1.42 126.20 1995-96 39.72 5.10 35.05 5.32 1.13 88.42 2000-01 32.74 2.37 8.13 2.52 1.25 51.04 2002-03 20.50 2.64 17.20 3.76 1.14 48.73 H.P. 1990-91 654.96 106.50 601.72 43.51 12.67 1433.30 1995-96 663.44 111.76 502.01 3.42 18.61 1336.29 2000-01 683.64 124.98 251.32 21.41 20.46 1108.41 2002-03 483.33 85.65 495.56 30.62 19.21 1120.09

Source: Annual Season and Crop Reports, Directorate of Land Records, Shimla

In case of fruit crops, in 2005-06 while the area under different fruit crops was 34,966 hectares, the production was 1,68,682 metric tonnes (Table 2.13). Apple was the most important fruit in the district. At the state level, the area under all fruit crops was 1,91,668 hectares that produced 6,95,520 metric tonnes of fruit. The per cent share of different fruits in area and production (Table 2.14) show that around 83 per cent of area and 97 per cent of the total fruit production was contributed by apple which was the important fruit crop of the district. The other fruits accounted for around 10 per cent of the total area under fruit and 3 per cent of production.

In comparison, at the state level, apple was important crop accounting for around 46 per cent of the total area under fruit and more than three–fourth of total fruit production in the state. Other fruit crops of which mango was important contributed more than one-third of the total area under fruit and nearly 18 per cent of the total fruit production. The area, production and yield of total fruit in the district and the state level from 1990-91 to 2005-06 brought out in Table 2.15 shows that area, production and yield of fruit in the district fluctuated widely between 1990-90 and 2005-06. The area under total fruit increased from 30,476 hectares in 1990-91 to 35,692 hectares in 2005-06. The production of fruit also increased from 2,44,593 to 3,15,200 metric tonnes between 1990-91 and 2005-06. The yield of fruit varied between 5.31 quintals per hectare in 1999-2000 to 88.31 quintals per hectare in 2005-06. Similar pattern with respect to area, production and yield of fruit was seen for the state as a whole. The table shows that the yield of

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fruits varied between 23.66 quintals per hectare to 36.29 quintals per hectare between 1990-91 and 2005-06.

Table: 2.12. Changes in Yield of Major Foodgrain Crops, 1990-91 to 2002-03 (Q/Ha) in Shimla District

Particulars Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Pulses Foodgrains Shimla 1990-91 25.46 8.93 16.29 17.52 2.22 16.41 1995-96 19.97 14.37 13.46 10.20 1.80 12.82 2000-01 20.44 9.19 5.14 6.00 2.43 10.19 2002-03 15.02 8.54 10.69 8.42 2.24 10.19 H.P. 1990-91 18.76 9.87 15.99 14.70 2.31 16.54 1995-96 19.90 13.46 13.89 12.69 5.16 16.09 2000-01 22.94 15.24 7.21 8.33 6.58 14.59 2002-03 16.60 10.33 13.79 12.97 6.37 13.83

Source: Annual season and crop reports, Directorate of Land Records, Shimla

Table 2.13 Area, Production and Yield of Different Fruits, 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Fruit crops Shimla Himachal Pradesh Area(ha) Production (mt) Area(ha) Production (mt)

Apple 29029 163301 88560 540360 Citrus 525 95 20729 29160 Dry Fruits 1829 678 11210 3920 Other Fruits 3583 4608 71169 122080 Total Fruits 34966 168682 191668 695520

Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

Table 2.14 Per cent Area and Production of Different Fruits, 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Fruit crops Shimla Himachal Pradesh Area Production Area Production

Apple 83.02 96.81 46.20 77.69 Citrus 1.50 0.06 10.82 4.19 Dry Fruit 5.23 0.40 5.85 0.56 Other Fruit 10.25 2.73 37.13 17.55 Total Fruit 100 100.00 100.00 100.00


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Table 2.15 Area, Production and Yield of Fruits (1990-91 to 2005-06) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Particulars Year Area (Ha) Production (Mt) Yield(Q/ha) Shimla 1990-91 30476 244593 80.26 1995-96 37049 202112 54.55 1999-2000 40750 21657 5.31 2005-06 35692 315200 88.31 H.P. 1990-91 163330 386314 23.66 1995-96 195684 311889 15.94 1999-00 217319 428049 19.70 2005-06 191668 695520 36.29


The information on area and production of different vegetable crops both in the district and state during the year 2005-06 have been brought out in Table 2.16. As may be seen from the table, at the district level, pea, tomato, cabbage, cauliflower, capsicum, chillies and beans were important vegetable crops both in term of area and production and contributed 1,50,535 metric tonnes of production. The yield level of different vegetable crops varied from 100 quintals per hectare in case of pea to 350 quintals per hectare in respect of cabbage. Likewise, at the state level, pea (green) was the most important crop that covered 15,348 hectares of area followed by tomato with an area of 9,211 hectares. Onion, garlic, cabbage and cauliflower were important crops both in terms of area and production. The yield of different vegetable crops varied from 104.61 quintal per hectare in case of French bean to 327.05 quintals per hectare in respect of tomato.

Table 2.16 Area, Production and Yield of Different Vegetables (2005-2006) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Crops Shimla H.P. Area (Ha)

Production (Mt)

Yield(Q/ha)

Area(Ha)

Production (Mt)

Yield (Q/ha)

Pea (Green) 3700 37000 100.00 15348 177036 115.35 Tomato 690 22080 320.00 9211 301249 327.05 French beans 400 4240 106.00 2674 27973 104.61 Onion & garlic 70 1380 197.14 3735 49622 132.86 Cabbage 1700 59500 350.00 3677 115920 315.26 Cauliflower 420 9240 220.00 2263 53103 234.66 Radish, turnip & carrot 120 2160 180.00 1571 32675 207.99 Bhindi 20 210 105.00 1728 19659 113.77 Cucurbits 135 3340 247.40 2082 43845 210.59 Capsicum & chillies 400 5512 137.80 2081 30876 148.37 Brinjal 20 360 180.000 772 14267 184.81 Other vegetables 370 5513 149.00 3715 63817 171.78 Total 8045 150535 187.12 49858 929706 186.47

Source: Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

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2.4 Distribution of Land Holdings

The distribution of land holding in terms of proportion of different categories of holdings and proportion of area accounted for by them is presented in Table 2.17.The table shows that consistent with overall pattern noted at the All-India level and other states, the process of marginalisation of holdings was also evident both for the district and state since 1980-81. As per 1980-81 and 2000-01 agricultural census years, the proportion of marginal holding increased from nearly 42 per cent to more than 55 per cent while that of the small holdings, it remained unchanged at about 24 per cent. The proportion of medium and large holdings, however, recorded a continuous decline. The proportion of operated area accounted for by marginal and small holdings was around 43 per cent. Whereas medium and large size holding whose numerical proportion was around 23 per cent, accounted for nearly 57 per cent of the total operated area. More or less similar pattern was in evidence for the state as a whole. While the proportion of marginal holdings increased from around 55 per cent in 1980-81 to more than two-third of the total holdings, that of small holdings decreased by a small proportion from 22.03 per cent to around 19 per cent. The medium and large holdings also recorded a continous decrease.

Table: 2.17 Changing Pattern of Land Holdings, 1980-81 to 1995-96 (Per cent)

Particulars Census year

Marginal <1 ha

Small 1-2ha

Medium 2-4ha

Large >4 ha

Total (ha)

No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area Shimla 1980-81 42.27 9.70 23.76 17.85 21.84 31.31 12.13 41.41 60899 118428 1985-86 53.12 15.65 22.49 21.58 16.81 30.63 7.57 32.14 74498 113356 1990-91 53.87 16.46 23.45 22.74 15.66 29.67 7.02 31.13 85521 120468 1995-96 54.66 18.28 24.02 24.62 15.17 29.64 6.15 27.46 90112 125917 H. P. 1980-81 55.30 14.92 22.03 20.43 15.16 27.08 7.51 37.57 637081 980425

1985-86 61.55 20.46 20.63 22.71 12.24 25.97 5.58 30.86 752882 980240 1990-91 63.82 21.26 19.96 23.29 11.26 25.51 4.96 29.94 833793 1009766 1995-96 62.85 23.05 19.61 24.07 10.74 25.54 6.80 27.34 884492 999099 2000-01 67.29 25.72 19.06 25.00 9.83 24.86 3.82 24.42 913914 978756

Source: Agricultural census of different years

The proliferation of holdings due to sub- division coupled with lack of alternative employment opportunities in non-farm sector has resulted in the continuous decrease in the average size of holdings of all the four categories both at the district and state level. The average holding size of the district decreased from 1.94 hectares in 1980-81 to 1.20 hectares in 2000-01. There has been noticed no significant change in the average size of holdings for different categories of holdings (Table 2.18).

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Table 2.18 Changes in Average Size of Holdings in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1980-81 to 1995-96 (Ha)

Particulars Year Marginal(<1 ha)

Small(1-2 ha )

Medium(2-4 ha )

Large (> 4 ha)

Overall(ha)

Shimla 1980-81 0.45 1.46 2.79 6.59 1.94 1985-86 0.45 1.46 2.77 6.46 1.52 1990-91 0.45 1.42 2.77 6.47 1.46 1995-96 0.47 1.43 2.73 6.23 1.40 2000-01 0.45 1.17 2.72 6.07 1.20 H. P. 1980-81 0.42 1.43 2.75 7.70 1.54 1985-86 0.43 1.43 2.76 7.20 1.30 1990-91 0.40 1.41 2.74 7.31 1.21 1995-96 0.41 1.39 2.69 7.03 1.13 2000-01 0.41 1.40 3.47 15.91 1.07

Note: Medium includes semi-medium holdings also Source: i) Statistical outline of Himachal Pradesh (various issues) ii) State statistical abstract of Himachal Pradesh 2006-07

2.5 Input Use

Table 2.19 exhibits per cent distribution of irrigated area under major crops between 1990-91 and 2000-01. The highest percentage of irrigated area in the district was recorded in paddy crop (42.58 per cent) followed by wheat (7.55 per cent) and maize (4.67 per cent). The per cent irrigated area under paddy in the district decreased significantly from 56.98 per cent to 42.58 per cent during 1990-91 to 2002-03. It decreased marginally under maize and remained almost unchanged under wheat crop. The table further discloses that per cent irrigated area to net sown area in the district also decreased from 5.47 per cent to 3.60 per cent between 1995-96 to 2002-03. In comparison, at the state level, the per cent irrigated area under maize, paddy, and wheat recorded an increase of around 3 per cent over the period. The per cent irrigated area to net sown area increased marginally from 17.00 per cent to 18.80 per cent between 1990-91 and 2002-03.

Table: 2.19 Area under Irrigation of Major Crops (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Particulars Triennium Maize Paddy Wheat Irrigated area to net sown area %

Shimla 1990-91 5.83 56.98 7.37 -- 1995-96 5.39 55.52 6.62 5.47 2000-01 4.70 63.43 7.55 4.17 2002-03 4.67 42.58 7.55 3.60 H P 1990-91 6.78 57.79 17.31 17.00 1995-96 7.77 60.41 18.90 18.79 2000-01 8.28 63.21 18.46 22.63 2002-03 9.43 60.39 20.33 18.80

Source: i) Statistical outline of Himachal Pradesh (various issues) ii) State statistical abstract of Himachal Pradesh 2006-07

The area under high yielding varieties has been brought in Table 2.20.The table shows that the area under high yielding varieties of maize, rice, wheat and barley has increased tremendously

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between 1994-95 and 2002-2003 in the state. The area under maize has increased from 27 per cent to 86 per cent whereas area under rice and wheat under HYV has increased to the tune of 94 and 92 per cent from 12 and 35 per cent, respectively. However, highest area change was foundunder barley crop in which the area change was up to 65 per cent from 0.004 per cent. Similar trend of increase in area was observed at district level for rice (15 per cent from 12 per cent) and barley (54 per cent from 0.04 per cent). However, in case of maize and wheat, there was a reverse trend in district Shimla.

Table 2.20 Area under High Yielding Varieties of Major Crops (Per cent) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Particulars Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Shimla 1994-95 67 12 54 0.04 2002-03 45 15 48 54 H P 1994-95 27 12 35 0.004 2002-03 86 94 92 65

Source: Annual season and crop reports (Various issues), Directorate of Land Records, Shimla

The fertilizer consumption in the district as well as in the state as a whole has been given in Table 2.21. As may be seen, the consumption of total NPK increased from 1,957 metric tonnes to 9,550 metric tonnes in the period 1980-81 to 2005-06 in the district. Of the total NPK consumption of 9,550 metric tonnes during 2005-06, around 84 per cent was consumed in the rabi season. The NPK consumption in the kharif remained almost stagnant while that in rabi increased from 847 metric tonnes to as high as 7,985 metric tonnes between 1980-81 and 2005-06. Likewise, at the state level, the consumption of total NPK increased from 13,950 metric tonnes to 47,973 metric tonnes between 1980-81 and 2005-06. Out of total NPK consumption of 47,973 metric tonnes in 2005-06, the kharif and rabi consumption accounted for nearly 40 per cent and 60 per cent, respectively. The use of total NPK in the district also increased from 18.05 kg/ ha. during 1980-81 to as high as 102.16 kg/ ha during 2005-06. The use of total NPK in kg / ha in kharif did not increase significantly over the period while that in rabi it increased from 18.72 kg per hectare to 291.61 kg/ ha between 1980-81 to 2005-06. At the state level, the use of total NPK increased from 14.74 kg / hectare to 50.78 kg per hectare between 1980-81 and 2005-06.

Table 2.21 Fertilizer Consumption, 1980-81 to 2005-06 in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Particulars Year NPK (Metric Tonnes) NPK (Kg/ha) Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Overall

Shimla 1980-81 1110 847 1957 17.57 18.72 18.05 1991-92 1147 2294 3441 16.76 66.67 33.446 1998-99 988 3635 4623 14.48 93.55 43.18 2005-06 1565 7985 9550 23.68 291.61 102.16 H. P. 1980-81 8155 5795 13950 15.93 13.33 14.74 1991-92 15599 15006 30605 29.12 34.36 31.47 1998-99 15318 19534 34852 28.88 42.85 35.33 2005-06 19197 28776 47973 37.28 66.69 50.78

Source: Statistical Outline of Himachal Pradesh (Various issues)

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Table 2.22 depicts the extent of mechanization in the district as well in the state between 1992 and 2003. The number of carts , cane crushers, tractors, electric pumps and threshers, etc., increased in the district between 1992 and 2003. However, the number of ploughs in the district decreased by around 13 per cent between 1992 and 2003. This shows that the farming has now become more mechanized in the district. Similar type of pattern was discernible for the state as a whole. Number of ploughs in the state decreased by around 11 per cent in 2003 over 1992. In contrast, number of tractors got doubled in state between 1992 and 2003.

Table: 2.22 Extent of Mechanization (Number) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Tools/Machinery Shimla Himachal Pradesh 1992 2003 1992 2003

Ploughs 69444 60152 710349 631470 Carts -- 531 1128 240 Cane crusher 1 13 1878 1135 Tractors -- 325 3466 6966 Oil engines 29 13 1299 3664 Electric pumps 5 29 1222 7325 Threshers 534 1866 19221 19458

Source: Livestock censuses, 1992 and 2003.

2.6 Livestock and Fisheries

Animal husbandry is a subsidiary occupation and correlated in agriculture and horticultural operations in the district as well as in the state. The detailed livestock population in the district and the state as a whole has been given in Table 2.23. The overall situation in the district regarding livestock composition and the changes occurred between 1977 to 2003 reveal that among livestock population, cattle occupied the most important place followed by sheep and goats. The number of cattle as per 1977 census was 3,87,715 which decreased to 3,07,187 recording around 21 per cent decline over the period. The number of buffaloes and sheep also recorded a declining trend between 1977 to 2003. It is significant to note that the number of sheep reduced by more then 46 per cent over the period. The goats and poultry showed slight increase in their number over the period. However, the total livestock population was reduced by about 16 per cent between 1977 and 2003. The bovine density based on geographical area decreased from 0.79 per hectare to 0.63 per hectare and 5.41 hectare to 4.80 per hectare based on operational holding size. The state level total population showed a slight increase of about 5 per cent between 1977 and 2003. Number of cattle, buffaloes and goats also increased though the increase was of varying degrees. The maximum increase of about 38 per cent was recorded in buffalo’s population. The sheep population recorded a decrease of about 14 per cent between 1977 and 2003, but the poultry showed a growth of about 132 per cent over the period. The bovine density based on geographical area and operational holding increased from 0.86 to 0 .91 and 4.75 to 5.52.

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Table 2.23 Changes in Livestock Population over 1977, 1992 and 2003 Census (No.) in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh

Particulars Cattle Buffaloes Sheep Goats Totallivestock Poultry

Bovine Density (No. /ha)

Geog.area

Operationalholding

Shimla 1977 387715 18982 183392 92351 626368 26251 0.79 5.41 1992 329055 23258 126531 95831 597016 45082 0.69 4.57 2003 307187 16292 98376 98223 527571 27714 0,63 4.80

H. P. 1977 2106229 560006 1055005 1035337 4795226 329561 0.86 4.75 1992 2151616 700923 1074345 1115591 5116933 664039 0.92 5.04 2003 2196538 773229 906027 1115587 5046044 763820 0.91 5.52

Source: Livestock censuses 1977 & 1992 and 2003

The changes in the production of livestock products has been given in Table 2.24. The table reveals that the milk production recorded a significant increase of about 15 per cent between 1994-95 and 2006-07 in the district. The production of cow’s milk increased from 63.87 thousand metric tonnes to 81.35 thousand metric tonnes between 1994-95 and 2006-07. However, the buffalo’s milk production decreased from 18.68 thousand metric tonnes to 10.96 thousand metric tonnes over the period. The production of goat’s milk also increased in the district between 1994-95 and 2006-07. The production of wool increased from 147.58 metric tonnes to 151.90 metric tonnes between 1994-95 and 2006-07. Likewise, the total meat production, which was 1072.70 metric tonnes in 1994-95, decreased to 705.76 metric tonnes in 2006-07. The meat production from goats, sheep and pigs declined over the period and the maximum decline was noted in goat’s meat production (34.82 per cent). The pig’s meat production also declined by more than 66 per cent but its shares in total meat production was only 8.50 per cent. The egg production in the district also declined from 47.17 lakhs to 41.22 lakhs between 1994-95 and 2006-07. The similar pattern was discernible at the state level as well. The total milk production, which was 662.91 thousand metric tonnes in 1994-95 increased to 872.40 thousand metric tonnes in 2006-07. The wool production also recorded a marginal increase of 4.54 per cent over the period. The total meat production also recorded a decline of 14.68 per cent between 1994-95 and 2006-07. The egg production in the state increased from 668.69 lakhs in 1994-95 to 771.98 lakhs in 2006-07.

The trends in fishery production in the district as well in the state have been given in Table 2.25. The table shows that there were 259 registered fishermen in 1999-2000 which increased to 274 in 2006-07. The total fish production decreased from 270 metric tonnes to 168 metric tonnes between 1999-2000 and 2006-07. At the state level, the number of registered fishermen increased from 9,698 to 10,536 between 1999-2000 and 2006-2007. Despite this trend, the fish production decreased from 6,995 metric tonnes to 6,886 metric tonnes between 1999-00 and 2006-07

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Table 2.24 Changes in Livestock Production in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1994-95 and 2006-07

Particulars Milk (Mt) Wool(Mt)

Meat (Mt) Eggs (Lakhs) Cow Buffalo Goat Total Goat Sheep Pig Total

Shimla 1994-95 63.87 18.68 1.69 84.24 147.58 797.35 184.13 91.22 1072.70 47.17 2006-07 81.35 10.96 4.75 97.06 151.9 519.72 155.72 30.20 705.76 41.22

Himachal Pradesh 1994-95 303.56 331.35 28.00 662.91 1533.01 2360.0 1100.00 186.00 3646.00 668.69 2006-07 500.01 345.19 27.20 872.40 1602.64 2015.04 966.77 128.78 3110.59 771.98

Source: Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Government of Himachal Pradesh.

Table 2.25 Trends in Fishery Production in Shimla District and Himachal Pradesh, 1999-2000 and 2006-07

Particulars Registered fishermen (No.) Production (Mt) Shimla 1999-2000 259 270 2006-07 274 168 Himachal Pradesh 1999-2000 9698 6995 2006-07 10536 6886

Source: Department of fisheries, Government of Himachal Pradesh

2.7 Infrastructural Facilities

The availability of various infrastructural facilities in the district have been given in Table 2.26. The district was having 41 veterinary hospitals spread over all the blocks of the district. There were 668 cooperative societies. The number of schools in the district varied between 383 high / senior secondary schools to 1,620 primary schools. There were 12 general hospitals and 76 primary health centers scattered all over the district. The number of hospital beds per lakh of population were estimated at 0.02. There were 456 fair price shops and 122 commercial banks. The district was having 4,416 kms length of motorable roads and a good number of post and telephone offices.

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Table 2.26 Availability of Infrastructural Facilities in District Shimla 2006-07

Sr. No. Particulars Number1 Veterinary hospitals 41 2 Veterinary dispensary 252 3 Artificial insemination centers 5 4 Central veterinary hospitals 5 5 Cooperative societies 668 6 Primary schools 1620 7 Middle Schools 399 8 High school / senior secondary school 383 9 Colleges 11 10 Industrial training institutes - 11 Hospitals 12 12 Community health centres 7 13 Primary health centres 76 14 Health sub centres 247 15 Hospital bed 2094 16 Hospital bed per lakh of population 0.02 17 Ayurvedic hospitals 2 18 Ayurvedic dispensaries 146 19 Bed in ayurvedic hospitals 90 20 Homeopathic dispensaries -- 21 Fair price shops 456 22 Commercial banks 122 23 Co-operative banks 51 24 Himachal gramin banks 1 25 Motorable roads (km) 4416 26 Post offices 287 27 Telegraph offices - 28 Telephone offices 198

Source: District statistical abstract, Shimla 2007-08

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Chapter-III

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT

Like other districts, agriculture is the backbone of Shimla district. However, the peculiar agro-climatic conditions endow the district with certain strengths and opportunities not commonly found in other districts of the state. These natural and physical resource endowments have proved a boon for agricultural transformation and it is presently the most advanced district in terms of commercialization of agriculture. As alluded to above, the district has a vast area which constitutes about one-tenth of the total area of the state and there is still huge untapped potential for raising the production of commercial crops. Therefore, the planning strategy should aim at harnessing these untapped resources for the benefit of people by putting in place right kind of infrastructure and institutions. Based on the profile of the district, the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) are described below.

3.1 SWOT Analysis for Improving Agricultural and Allied Sectors 3.1.1 Strengths

The main strengths of the district are as follow:

i. Since the altitude of the district varies from 600 to 5,760 m above the mean sea level with rainfall from less than 80 cm to 125 cm, it is endowed with a myriad of agro-climatic conditions conducive to grow several high-value cash crops including fruit (specially apple), vegetables, spices, medicinal plants and high quality pulses, etc which cannot be grown in many other districts of the state.

ii. The district has well drained fertile soils suitable for the cultivation of high-value cash crops.

iii. Essential infrastructural facilities like roads and various agricultural and horticultural R & D institutions are available

iv. The moderate fertilizer use in the district provides a huge potential to practice organic farming

v. The availability of pasture lands, wide spread reasonable network of veterinary health services, rich biodiversity both in domestic and wild animals are other inherent strengths of the district to develop integrated crop livestock production systems particularly cross-bred cow, sheep and goat based farming

vi. The district has suitable conditions and water for variety of fish farming viz;.trout, silver carp, catla, common carp, rohu, grass carp and mrigal which are found in Tons and Sutlej rivers

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vii. The district has many beautiful and romantic places suitable to be developed for agro-tourism

viii. The district is having a national highway and a good network of state highways which remain open for traffic throughout the year

ix. The geographical location of the district nearer to huge markets in neighbouring states of Punjab, Haryana and Azadpur market, New Delhi and are the important favourable factors in the sustenance of cash crop based economy of the district.

x. There is also a huge potential to grow high quality medicinal and aromatic plants. The district is a natural habitat of various herbs that can be cultivated on large scale even in sprawling pastures and forest lands

xi. There is one full-fledged Horticultural Regional Research Station (RHRS) at Mashobra and one Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) at Kufri in the district focusing on location specific research needs.

xii. The farmers are innovative and are willing to experiment and adopt new crop technologies especially in apple and other fruit crops. They are willing to take risks provided right kinds of infrastructural and institutional support are provided to them. High literacy rates both among male and females speak of high quality human resource in this district

xiii. The soils of the district are high in potash and respond well to nitrogen application. Further, the day length promotes high rate of photosynthesis and leads to good yields of crops especially, potato, pea and various fruit crops.

3.1.2 Weaknesses

i. Rainfall is moderate to heavy. Most parts of the district remain buried under snow for one to two months.

ii. Due to mountainous topography of the district, it is difficult and costly to provide basic infrastructural facilities like rural roads.

iii. The space of arable land is small and the cultivation is commonly on narrow strips due to which complete mechanization is not possible

iv. Slightly fragile, these areas are exposed to land slides and acute problems of soil erosion. Some man-made factors like unbridled exploitation of forest wealth, excessive grazing, unplanned developmental activities, unscientific cultivation practices, etc have exacerbated the problem of soil erosion in the district

v. The unscientific switch over to the cultivation of high-value cash crops is fast eroding the rich agro-biodiversity within the district.

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vi. Weak extension and back-up support system as a result of which farmers are handicapped in adopting improved technologies

vii. The steep slopes and difficult geographical terrain of the area pose major handicaps for the industrialization of the district.

viii. There is lack of highly nutritive and high regenerating varieties of fodder grass.

3.1.3 Opportunities

i. There is a huge and ever growing demand for fruit and off-season vegetables which are being grown in the district, thanks to changes in the dietary habits of the people and rising per capita income. Also tremendous opportunities have been generated with changing global exporting scenario of non-conventional high-value cash crops like off-season vegetables, vegetable seed production, fruit, medicinal and aromatic plants, etc.

ii. There is a huge potential of snow/ rain water conservation/ harvesting on a watershed management basis, which in the ultimate analysis, will increase the productivity of different crops tremendously and may enhance the cultivable area.

iii. There is a wide scope for the adoption of seed village programme in some area of the district through incentives particularly for the rajmash and other cash crops

iv. There is also a good scope of starting agro-processing units (fruit processing and canning units) for value addition in various horticultural products like apple, apricot, pear, plum, almond and barley cereal crop and also in animal products, especially sheep wool for finished woollen products

v. Considering the increasing quality and number of livestock as well as the area for pastures, the district has good opportunity for developing dairy enterprise on commercial basis.

vi. The district has great opportunity for practising herbal cultivation.

vii. Several areas which were not suitable to grow certain crops like apple a few years back are emerging as the potential areas to grow these and many other high-value cash crops thanks to rising temperatures as a result of climate change.

viii. The district provides excellent opportunities for the development of agro-eco-tourism. Shimla is one of the most attractive destinations for foreign tourists and every year thousands of tourists visit this district.

3.1.4 Threats

i. The huge animal population with low productivity directly competes for the limited land resources and also contributes to land degradation due to grazing in an unsustainable manner.

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ii. The agrarian economy of the district thrives on the cultivation of high-value cash crops, of which apple, vegetables and potato are the most important cash crops. The rapidly spreading apple scab and canker and potato blight pose a major threat not only to the sustainability of these crops but for the agricultural economy of the whole district.

iii. The stagnation in the yields of potato and apple are other threats affecting the economy of this district.

iv. Excessive and unbalanced use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides, particularly in high value cash crops like off-season vegetables and fruit has taken a heavy toll of rich bio-diversity.

v. Frequent breakdown of new diseases and higher incidence of insect attack on various cash crops and collar rot in apples pose danger to the yield stability of new improved varieties.

vi. The dearth of high yielding varieties is yet another impending threat that looms large on the agricultural economy of the district.

vii. The rapidly developing technology to produce off-season vegetables in a controlled environment (poly house) is also a threat to the crops grown in these areas.

viii. The ongoing process of globalisation also poses threat to the cultivation of high value cash crops in the district. For example, cultivation of garlic which used to be a highly profitable crop in the district suffered a severe blow as a result of cheaper imports from China in the aftermath of implementation of WTO accord.

ix. The ongoing process of commercialization of apple crop poses a threat of genetic erosion of traditional crop biodiversity like minor millets and wild fruit crops

x. Limited time period to supply critical inputs in some areas due to heavy snow fall at higher reaches of the district.

3.2 Issues Emerging Out of SWOT Analysis

The important issues that emerge from the detailed SWOT analysis of the district are given below.

� There is a need to strengthen extension facilities to support the farmers in their efforts to switch over to the cultivation of numerous high value cash crops that can be grown in the district.

� Development of disease free varieties of crops having high yield and suitability for mixed cropping

� Development of improved varieties of fodders for example tall fescue grass and legumes viz., clovers and cultivated oats as annual fodder crop.

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� Development of wheat varieties having higher levels of rust resistance, amber grains, high regeneration ability and suitable maturity

� Control of rapidly spreading disease complex in apple and vegetable crops

� Development of high yielding varieties of potato, pea and other high-value cash crops that are being grown in the district

� Strengthening the extension facilities to educate the farmers about the technical know-how in poly house and other technologies

� The augmentation of irrigation facilities by exploiting perennial sources of water to expand the cultivated area

� Improvement of connectivity by providing all weather roads and other infrastructural facilities like markets and collection centres

3.3 Sectoral Growth Drivers

The availability of suitable agro-climatic conditions to grow high-value cash crops, especially in a season when these are not grown in other states, rising demand for these crops and huge market for these crops in the neighbouring states including Azadpur market, New Delhi are some of the important growth drivers of the agrarian economy of the district. Besides these factors, the availability of infrastructural facilities like rural roads is yet another important growth driver.

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Chapter IV

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT

The development of agricultural sector of any region is circumscribed by a host of factors including physical, institutional and human resource. An in-depth enquiry into all these aspects is of paramount importance to plan strategies for development of agriculture. In this section, pertinent aspects that need thorough understanding for developing agricultural plans are described.

4.1 Land Use Pattern and Soil Health

The land use pattern clearly reveals the limited availability of arable land in Shimla district due to mountainous terrains (Table 4.1). Out of the total geographical area of 5, 09,995 hectares, the cultivated area is only 83,690 hectares (only 16.41 per cent). The major proportion of the area falls under permanent pastures and other grazing land (about 39 per cent), forests (24 per cent) and miscellaneous trees and groves (2.30 per cent). However, there are 17,887 hectares of culturable and 40,828 ha of fallow land that can be developed and brought under cultivation which would increase the existing cultivated area by about 11.52 per cent. This may require substantial investment on reclamation, fencing/ bunding and development of irrigation (Tables 4.3 and 4.4). The vast barren/pasture lands require conservation and can be developed into rich luxuriant of temperate grasses and high-value medicinal herbs. It needs to be mentioned here that the district harbours vast summer green pastures sustaining large number of livestock population.

The pertinent problems and interventions under different classes of land use have been shown in Table 4.2. The sloppy topography, barren lands, weeds, lack of tree cover and top soil erosion are the major impediments preventing productive use of vast geographical area in the district. The lack of irrigation in some parts of the district makes it almost impossible to have any type of vegetation except thorny unwanted bushes and weeds. Therefore, land development must form the major intervention in agricultural planning.

The texture of the soil ranges from silty loam to clay loam, the colour varies from dark to brown. The organic content is higher, nitrogen availability is from medium to high and potash availability is medium. The presence of phosphorous is from low to medium. The soil reaction ranges from moderately acidic to neutral.

4.2 Water Resources and Management

As mentioned in Chapter II, Shimla district has hills and the mountain ranges generally aligned in the East-West direction which presents complicated pattern of relief. The predominantly rough terrains, the prevalence of interlocking spurs, narrow and steep slides and valleys throughout the district reflect the youthfulness of its topography. Most of the precipitation is in the form of

32

heavy snow in winter months. The monsoon rains, like other parts of the state are normal. The district is bestowed with a wide network of rivers, rivulets and streams emanating from large mass of perennial glaciers lying on high land sources. There are three rivers flowing through Shimla district i.e. Sutlej, Giri and Pabbar. River Pabbar is the principal feeder of river Tons. It flows through South of Shimla district and joins the river Tons. River Sutlej enters Kinnaur from Tibet territory through a pass between two peaks, flowing in South-East directions receiving the drainage from the Central Himalayan from one side and Spiti hills on the other side. In Shimla district, river Sutlej passes through Rampur and Suni tehsils and crosses over to Bilaspur district. Both these rivers have carved out extensive valleys bestowed with sizeable agricultural potential. The valley areas of Sutlej includes Rampur, Kumarsain and Suni and that of Pabbar includes Rohru, Chirgaon and parts of Jubbal tehsils while Shimla and Kotkhai tehsils fall in the valley area of river Giri.

The springs are widely distributed emanating from snow deposits and form major source of surface irrigation through gravity Kuhls. Springs are both perennial and ephemeral getting recharged mainly from melting of snow on higher reaches. The discharge of the springs increases enormously during summer. In this way, irrigation and domestic water supply are mainly depending upon these springs. However, no in-depth study on the geological and geo-morphological aspects has been conducted so far in this area. Based on the geo-morphology and ground details, ground water sources do exist but have not been exploited for irrigation so far. The ground water is distributed in the alluvial terrains as depicted through the ground water map of the district. The depth of soft and hard rock aquifers have been ascertained at 10-20 metres for dug or manual wells. The ground water recharge can be increased with the construction of check dam

33

Source: Central Groundwater Board, Dharamshala

Map 4.1: Ground Water User Map of District Shimla

34

GROUND WATER USER MAP, DISTRICT SIMLA - LEGEND

Wells feasible

Rigssuitable

Depth of Well (m)

Discharge(lpm)

Suitable artificial Recharge structures

Soft rock aquifers

Tube well

Dug well

DTH with Odex

Manual

100-150

10-20

1200-2500

300-500 Check dam, Check dam cum ground water dam, Recharge shaft

Hard rock aquifers

Dug well

Springdevelopment

Manual 10-20 300-500

30-2000

Thrust Fault/Lineament

Major drainage

Hot water spring (50-0C)• Spring

Tehsil boundary

District boundary

State boundary

Other Information

Total area 5131 sq.km No. of Tehsils/Sub tehsils 17 Major drainage Satluj, Yamuna Population 721745 (2001 Census) Rainfall 1252 mm Temperature -6° C to 37° C Regional geology Alluvium, Metamorphics Ground Water quality Good, EC <750 mhos/cm at 250CUtilizable ground water resources Not estimated (Localised aquifers) Stage of ground water development Not estimated (Localised aquifers) Water shed/tehsil showing intensive ground water development

Nil

Source: Central Ground Water Board, Dharamshala

35

4.3 Cropping System and Cropping Pattern

Cropping system refers to the sequence of crops grown to maintain the fertility status of the soil and to grow crops which yield the highest net returns per unit area of the land, taking into consideration the convenience of the farmer and soil conservation requirements. Keeping these things into consideration by the farmers of Shimla district, they followed the following cropping system as given in Table 4.5. In Shimla district, there are two cropping seasons (Rabi & Kharif). Under the rainfed conditions, maximum area, out of 9,416.91 ha was under vegetable based cropping system (2,999.58 ha.) followed by maize-wheat cropping system (1516.88 ha.) Pulses based cropping system attained the third position with 1,179.5 ha. area followed by maize + pulses – wheat cropping system. However, within the blocks, Theog block had the highest vegetable based cropping system (1,800 ha.). In Basantpur block, maize-wheat cropping system was the most prominent (230 ha.) whereas, in Chirgaon block, maize-pea cropping system had the highest area (224 ha.). In Chopal, Jubbal and Narkanda block, vegetable based cropping system was prevalent whereas in Mashobra, maize-wheat cropping system had the maximum area (438.5 ha.). However, in Rohroo block, the potato-pea cropping system was the most prevalent with an area of 450 ha. whereas in Rampur block, pulses based cropping system was in practice (366 ha.)

The cropping system under irrigated conditions in Shimla district reveals that in Basantpur block, 67 ha area had the vegetable cultivation based cropping system which was highest in the block. In Chirgaon block, maize-pea (152 ha) followed by paddy-wheat (144 ha) cropping systems were prevalent. In Rampur block, sugarcane based cropping system had the maximum area (124 ha) followed by maize-wheat (100 ha). However, in Chopal, Jubbal and Mashobra, vegetable based cropping system was in existence.

In order to examine the place and importance of particular crop in the different blocks of the district Shimla, the cropping pattern of the study area has been analysed and presented in Table 4.6. The cropping pattern reveals that in Shimla district, out of total cropped area, total food grains had 60.20 per cent of the share, pulses shared 6.91 per cent and total food crops had a share of 75.60 per cent. However, spices and condiments had a negligible share of 0.54 per cent only. Vegetable crops had a share of 22.40 per cent whereas fodder crops had a share of 0.04 per cent in the total cropped area. Other crops like flowers, medicinal plants, tobacco, turmeric and coriander, etc. had a share of 0.34 per cent.

When cropping patterns was compared at block level, it was observed that the per cent share of total food grains in case of Basantpur block was the highest (81.34 per cent) followed by Chopal (75.87 per cent). In case of pulses, highest per cent share in total cropped area among different blocks was 28.61 per cent in Nankhari followed by Rampur (18.09 per cent). While considering the share of vegetables in total cropped area, Theog block had the highest per cent share (46.33 per cent) followed by Jubbal (22.54 per cent) and Mashobra (20.52 per cent), respectively.

36

Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that vegetable based farming system was the main cropping system in rainfed and irrigated conditions of the district and it occupied about 32 and 21 per cent area, respectively followed by maize-wheat cropping system in both the conditions. However, very meager area was under pulses, oilseeds, spices and condiments and fodder crops in cropping system and cropping pattern of the district. Thereby, it indicates that there is a need to develop varieties having high yield, disease resistance and early maturity and it is imperative to identify varieties for intercropping which are suitable for growing in orchards.

4.4 Input Use and Gaps

The agriculture development of the area depends on rational use of the basic inputs like seeds and fertilizers. The use of these inputs is also linked with their timely and adequate supply. It is with this background that the gap of actual use and requirement of seeds, fertilizers and other chemicals have been estimated for Shimla district at block level. It is evident from the Table 4.7 that in most of the crops, there was overuse of seed except in potato, ginger, garlic and colocasia at the district level. At the block level, in Basantpur, highest gap was in wheat followed by pea and French bean whereas in Chirgaon, highest gap was in case of barley followed by wheat and French bean. In Chopal, similar trend was observed with the only difference that the third position was taken up by pea. However, in Jubbal, highest gap was in case of wheat followed by maize and pea. In Mashobra, the highest gap was in pea followed by wheat and maize. In Nankhari, highest gap in seed use was in case of barley and paddy followed by maize and pea whereas, in Narkanda, bean had the highest gap followed by maize and wheat. In Rohroo, barley showed the highest gap followed by paddy and wheat. In Rampur, wheat had the highest gap followed by pea and ladyfinger, whereas in Theog, highest gap was in case of wheat followed by barley and rajmash. The use of higher seed rate could mainly be attributed to the use of crop plants for fodder use in later stages, risk averting nature of the farmers about low germination because of poor seed quality and drought conditions and lack of technical know-how.

Table 4.8 deals with the quantity of fertilizers used, required and gap in Shimla district. It was observed that the highest gap at district level was in FYM (1,74,191.00 metric tonnes) followed by vermicompost (11,831.9 metric tonnes). However, while considering the block level situation, it was observed that out of ten blocks, six blocks had FYM at the top most position in gap i.e. Basantpur (11,883.00 metric tonnes ), Mashobra (1,006 metric tonnes), Nankhari (1,750 metric tonnes), Rohroo (14,330 metric tonnes), Rampur (65,797 metric tonnes), and Theog (36,744 metric tonnes). In other Blocks, vermicompost attained the highest gap position i.e. in Chirgaon, it was 3,827 metric tonnes followed by Chopal (3,013 metric tonnes), Jubbal (835 metric tonnes) and Narkanda (150.7 metric tonnes). The high gap in FYM and vermicompost suggests that there is a need to enhance the green manure and Vermicompost utilization

Table 4.9 indicates the major insects, pests and diseases limiting the crop production in Shimla district. It was observed that bacterial wilt and various rots were the major diseases among

37

vegetable crops whereas, blights, smuts and bunts were the main diseases in cereals. Therefore, it is recommended that proper crop rotation and seed treatment before sowing should be practised

Cutworms, white grubs and borers were the major insects/ pests in vegetables and cereals for which various IPM strategies should be used. However, in case of ginger, rhizome rot was the most common problem for which the farmers should be trained in proper rhizome management practices

Presence of weeds or the unwanted plants is the most common problem being faced by the agricultural farmers. Table 4.10 depicts the priority-wise weed problem in Shimla district showing various weeds, both annuals and perennials, in various categories of crops viz., cereals, pulses, vegetables and pasture lands. For their control proper, training should be given to the farmers regarding the judicious use of weedicides.

Table 4.11 deals with the chemical use, required and gap in Shimla district and it was revealed that Nuvan had the highest gap (59.18 metric tonnes) at district level followed by Darmet (54.71 meric tonnes). Nuvan ranked highest for gap in Rampur (34.1 metric tonnes) and Narkanda (4.04 metric tonnes) whereas in case of Basantpur, DM 45 (4.81 metric tonnes) had the highest gap. In Chirgaon, Chopal, Jubbal and Mashobra, gap in Dodine use was of 3.52 metric tonnes, 3.84 metric tonnes, 3.2 metric tonnes and 3.58 metric tonnes respectively which was highest among all blocks except in Nankhari where this position was taken up by Darmet (4.75 metric tonnes) indicating the need for strengthening the supply mechanism along with imparting of technical know-how among farmers regarding chemical use.

4.5 Yield Gap Analysis

Yield gap analysis provides us with important information regarding potential which could be achieved through proper management and cultivation practices giving an idea of where we are and what can be attained. Table 4.12 reveals the yield gap between the average yields and the yields obtained by the progressive farmers in important crops. It was observed that at the district level among cereals, maize had the highest gap of 8.5 q/ha whereas, in rajmash i.e. pulses the gap was highest at 4.5 q/ha. Among oilseeds, the gap was to the tune of 2.2 q/ha. In vegetable crops, tomato had the highest gap of 83.44 q/ha followed by cabbage (83.37 q/ha.).

The table also revealed that, at block level, in Basantpur, under cereals, maize showed a gap of 12 q/ha whereas in rajmash the gap was 5 q/ha, in mustard it was 2 q/ha and in tomato the gap was to the tune of 83 q/ ha. In Chirgaon, the gap in maize was 10 q/ha, and in rajmash and mustard it was 3 q/ha. However, in case of cabbage, the gap was to the tune of 96 q/ha in Chirgaon followed by tomato (87 q/ha). In Chopal and Jubbal, the trend regarding cereals (wheat 7 q/ha in Chopal and 6 q/ha in Jubbal), rajmash (3 q/ha and 4 q/ha, respectively), mustard (4 q/ha and 3 q/ha) was similar but in case of vegetables, in Chopal, garlic had the highest gap (65 q/ha) whereas in Jubbal, cabbage had the highest gap of 113 q/ha.

38

In Mashobra, highest gap of 10 q/ ha among cereals was in maize. In pulses, both rajmash and mash had a gap of 3 q/ha. In oilseeds, in case of Mashobra, the gap was of 1 q/ha in mustard. In case of vegetables in Mashobra, highest gap of 155 q/ha was observed in tomato. In Nankhari among cereals, highest gap was in barley (8 q/ha) whereas in pulses, rajmash had the highest gap (5 q/ha). In case of mustard, the gap was of 1 q/ha whereas in vegetables, highest gap was in pea (29 q/ha). Similar trend was observed in Rohroo block, only difference being in case of vegetables, where potato had the highest gap (27 q/ha). In Narkanda, maize (8 q/ha), rajmash (8 q/ha), mustard (2 q/ ha) and cabbage (125 q/ha) showed the highest gap among different groups of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetable, respectively. In Rampur, similar trend was observed with a difference only in vegetable group where the highest gap was in onion (93 q/ha). However, in Theog block, tomato had the highest gap in vegetable crops (100 q/ha). From the above discussion, it was observed that the gap range varied from 5.72 to 8.50 q/ha in cereals, 2.80 to 4.50 q/ha in pulses and 23.70 to 83.44 q/ha in vegetable crops. This clearly reveals that there was a huge potential to increase the productivity of all the crops in the district

4.6 Reasons for Gap in Yield

The main reasons for yield gaps in different crops were lack of high yielding varieties, lack of irrigation, wild animal menace, non-availability of critical inputs at right time, low and imbalanced use of fertilizers, shortage of FYM because of less number of farm animals, infestation of diseases and pests, lack of technical know-how about improved practices and storage facilities. The animal menace, particularly the monkey menace, is causing colossal damage to crops especially maize and vegetable crops (Table 4.20). To solve the above mentioned problems, strengthening of input supply mechanism and irrigation system, fencing of cultivated area and sterilization of monkeys, demonstration and training programmes at farmer fields, etc., should be conducted so that the yield level of progressive farmers could be achieved by average farmers of the district (Table 4.21)

4.7 Farm Mechanization

Farm mechanization involves the use of farm machinery for various farm operations. Use of machinery not only increases the labour efficiency but also brings uniformity in the quality of the farm produce. Table 4.13 reveals the farm machinery use and gap in Shimla district. At district level, highest gap in farm machinery use was in the use of chaff-cutter (23,318) followed by maize sheller (9,753). However, at district level, tractor use had the minimal gap (717). Data on farm machinery use and gap at district level revealed that in Basantpur and Chopal, chaff-cutter had the highest gap in usage (4,408 and 5,467, respectively) whereas, in all other blocks except Chirgaon where iron plough use had the highest gap (2,145), spray pump/ power sprayer had the highest gap in usage. These gaps were due to certain problems and constraints. Table 4.14 depicts the problems and the interventions for farm machinery and it was observed that on an overall basis 64.50 per cent of the panchayats reported the problem of non-availability of maize

39

sheller in local market for which the possible intervention could be of strengthening of the input supply mechanism of the State Department of Agriculture. The second problem which got the response of 61 per cent of panchayats was that of less efficient tractor depicting the need of developing specifically designed tractors for hills. The third problem was that of high cost of the threshers for which subsidy could be the possible intervention. Another problem was of repair and maintenance (52 per cent of panchayats) for which a network of agricultural workshops should be developed. Similarly, 51 per cent of panchayats reported the non-suitability of threshers to hilly conditions and problem of finance for which improved design and credit facility/ subsidy should be provided. It can, thus, be deciphered from these two tables that there is an urgency to cater to the needs of the farmers regarding the farm mechanization in order to achieve higher labour use efficiency.

4.8 Ongoing Schemes for Agriculture Development

There are different on going schemes in the district launched by the state government for the development of agriculture. Number of these schemes, beneficiary villages/ families along with total budget outlay have been displayed in Tables 4.15 to 4.19 These schemes include water harvesting, soil/ land conservation measures, other existing schemes (Table 4.15) and various irrigation schemes (Tables 4.16 to 4.18). Under the existing block level schemes of water harvesting, 4,194 beneficiaries under 1,813 schemes have been covered in Shimla district with a total expenditure of Rs 140.30 lakh. An amount of 87.25 lakh was spent on soil/ land conservation through existing block level schemes which has benefited 171 villages and 2,195 beneficiaries. The other existing block level agricultural schemes covered 53 villages with an expenditure of Rs 126.44 lakh benefiting 32,262 beneficiaries. The status of various irrigation schemes in Shimla district have been depicted in Table 4.16 to Table 4.18 and it was observed that in Shimla district there were 427 completed irrigation schemes (Table 4.16) which covered 655 villages benefiting 18,857 beneficiaries. The gravity water channels or the khuls covered maximum number of beneficiaries (16,779 beneficiaries). It was also observed that 79 irrigation schemes were non-functional (Table 4.17) affecting 31 villages. The status of irrigation (ongoing and potential) has been given in Table 4.18. There were 86 ongoing schemes covering 99 villages whereas there was a potential of 3,297 schemes which can benefit 1,483 villages. Table 4.19 displays the fund requirements for the repair and maintenance of irrigation schemes. It was observed that there were 169 functional schemes requiring Rs 155.20 lakh as an annual fund and Rs 1,426.25 lakh for complete overhauling.

4.9 Varietal and Technological Problems and Interventions

The research and extension gaps emerged from the extensive survey have been shown in Tables 4.20 and 4.21. It was observed that the major problem among cereal crops (Table 4.20) was that of wild animal menace (66 per cent) followed by irrigation (43.33 per cent) while in case of pulses, imbalanced use of phosphorus fertilizers (41 per cent) was the major problem followed

40

by lack of improved variety and quality seeds. Among oilseeds, farmers were still practising the traditional varieties and employing traditional practices was the main problem whereas, in case of vegetables, 60 per cent of the panchayats reported that the farmers were practising monoculture with tomato cultivation followed by insect-pest attack (52 per cent) and non-availability of improved variety of vegetable seeds (50 per cent). The possible interventions suggested for the problems have been placed in Table 4.21. It was suggested that for the animal menace, fencing of the cultivated land, sterilization programme for monkeys and opening up of places like monkey vihar, etc., were a must. Also, improving of the irrigation facilities, strengthening of the existing irrigation system and installation and improvement of irrigation schemes were vital. It was also suggested that farmers must be provided with fertilizers and made aware of about their timely use. Timely supply of the HYVs and quality seeds was also imperative. In case of vegetables, it was observed that farmers should be advised to take up diversification with other cash crops (60 per cent of panchayats) along with encouragement for the construction of water harvesting tanks and protected cultivation. Also, it was observed that awareness regarding mechanical, chemical and biological controls for pest management was the need of the hour.

4.10 Extension Gaps

The extension gap shows the lacuna in dissemination of technology from research and development institutes to the various categories of technology adopters. Two types of technology adopters (progressive farmers and average farmers) have been taken into consideration. In yield gap I, the difference in yields at experimental station and that of average farmers (i.e. low adopters) in yield gap II, the difference in yields of progressive farmers (high adopters) and that of average farmers (i.e. low adopters) have been estimated. Table 4.22 deals with the estimated yields and yield gaps in various crops of Shimla district (q/ha.). It was revealed from the district level figures that there was potential difference in the yield figures of experimental station and actual/ average yield (yield gap I) and that of progressive farmers and actual/ average yield (yield gap II). In maize, yield gap I was 20.7 q/ha and yield gap II was 8.5 q/ha. In paddy, yield gap I, was 19.33 q/ha whereas, yield gap II, was 5.7 q/ha. Similar trend was observed in wheat and barley. In case of pulses, rajmash showed a gap of 10.5 q/ha and 4.20 q/ha in yield gap I and II, respectively. All the crops among vegetable group showed gaps, both yield gap I and yield gap II; tomato having the highest among all (240 q/ha of yield gap I and 83.40 q/ha of yield gap II) followed by brinjal and cabbage. However, in case of colocasia reverse trend was observed in which the yield at experimental station was lower than both categories of the farmers. Thus, from the above discussion, it was concluded that neither the average farmers reached the level nor the progressive farmers have reached the yield levels of the experimental farms under the experimental stations indicating thereby, the huge potential of increasing the productivity of the average farmers in the district through proper and effective dissemination of technical know-how among the farmers.

41

4.11 Extension Interventions

� Training/ encouragement to the private growers for the production of foundation/ certified seeds

� Strengthening of farmers training facilities and transfer of technologies

� Transfer of technologies through extension interventions like trainings, demonstrations, exposure visits, replication of success stories, etc. Creation of farmers’ advisory system to address their day - to - day queries

� Validation of ITKS and use of IT for technology dissemination by creating IT hubs at focal points

� Promotion and strengthening of the public- private partnership for ensuring delivery of need based inputs and technologies

� Provision of quality inputs like improved seeds, fertilizers, plant protection material by improving and strengthening delivery system to ensure timely availability of these inputs.

� Promotion of integrated nutrient management through vermi-composting, popularization of bio-fertilizers, and other ameliorants in addition to use of judicious and balanced nutrients to crops. Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)

� Promotion of micro-irrigation for efficient management and delivery of required quantities of water as per crop needs.

� Promotion of mechanization conducive to hill farming and development of equipment and implements to reduce labour and drudgery of the women folk.

� Organizing frequent training camps for farmers, particularly for the cultivation of high value cash crop like vegetables, spices, etc.

4.12 Researchable Issues

The research and development issues that emerged from close perusal of agricultural scenario and potential in the district are given below.

Natural Resource Management

� Assessment and harnessing of water potential to provide assured irrigation to rain-fed areas

� Evaluation of resource conservation technologies (like conservation tillage, deficit water management, pressurized irrigation systems, nutrient-water interaction studies, recycling of waste organic residues, etc. for irrigated and rain fed areas

42

� Studies to increase water productivity of stored water through crop diversification and soil and water management practices

� Base-line survey of river catchments and assessment of ground water potential

� Characterization, classification and preparation of fertility maps of soils

� Assessment of economics of commercial crops and impact on natural resources (soil and water) and livelihoods of people

� Studies on climate change and its impacts on agro-geology and to devise suitable strategies to emerging problems from climatic change

Crop Improvement

� Development of high yielding varieties of various crops having wider adaptability and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses through exploitation of land races, agronomic basis and alien species using conventional as well as non-conventional breeding approaches

� Development of drought and disease resistant cereal varieties using certain innovative biotechnological approaches

� Acceleration of wheat improvement endeavours for the development of large number of targeted varieties for specific regions following chromosome elimination-mediated double haploidy breeding and molecular cyto-genetic approaches

� Development of wheat varieties specifically for low input and organic farming systems following organic plant breeding approaches

� Development of quality bread wheat for nutritional security in the district

� Development of wheat varieties having higher levels of rust resistance, amber grains, high regenerability and suitable maturity through introgression of important genes from the spring wheat following conventional and double haploidy breeding approaches

� Breeding for superior hulled and hulless varieties in barley for different location of the district having resistance to yellow rust and barley blight

� Breeding for value added products like malting, brewing and other products

� Development of composites/ hybrids in maize to assure nutritional security and to promote industrial use of maize with specific desirable quality traits

� Development and evaluation of high yielding single cross hybrids and composites in maize

� Development of hybrid oriented source population

43

� In pulses such as mash and moong varieties having high yield, disease resistance and early maturity should be developed and varieties suitable for intercropping in orchard and with maize should be identified

� In case of rajmash, development of disease free varieties having high yield and suitability for intercropping should be developed

� In oilseeds, development of varieties with high seed and oil yield, earliness as well as suitability for sole and mixed cropping with wheat should be developed

� Development of high yielding fodder varieties having high nutritive value and regeneration capacity e.g. setaria and napier bajara hybrids and oats among annuals

� Development of improved varieties e.g. of tall fescu grass and legumes viz., clovers and cultivated oats as annual fodder crop

� Strengthening of the ongoing seed production programmes both by the University and State Agriculture Department

� Effective selection, conservation, evaluation, documentation and utilization of genetic resources ensuring wider coverage under improved crop varieties with major emphasis on quality seed production.

� Refinement and validation of technologies for major crops

� Integrated nutrient management

� Development of technologies for improving the water and fertilizer use efficiency in different crops

� Integrated nutrient management technology demonstration on farm/field and issues in solid waste management and standardization of agro-technology for organic farming

� Development/identification of hybrids and varieties of potential vegetable crops, standardization of production technology of hybrids and development of hybrids and production technology for protected cultivation

� Studies on economic and marketing aspects of cash crops

� Regular impact assessment and policy evaluation to suggest/ affect necessary changes

� Study and evaluation of supply chain management and emerging market systems

Crop Protection

� Survey and surveillance of major diseases and pests of important crops

� Identification of resistant sources and study of genetics of resistance against pests and diseases

44

� Marker assisted selection of resistance genes using molecular markers and their use in gene pyramiding for resistance in commercial varieties

� Development of integrated disease and pest management modules suitable for organic and protected agricultural conditions

� Development of detection techniques for pathogens of quarantine importance and certification purposes relating to important seed and soil borne diseases (root rot and wilt complex, bacterial wilt, bean mosaic, urd-bean leaf crinkle, bacterial blight, potato viruses, etc.)

� Formulation of bio-intensive IPM strategies for the management of Helicoverpaarmigera (tomato, fruit flies in cucurbits and tomatoes), cut worms (vegetables); plant parasitic nematodes (cereals and vegetables), insect, pest and nematode management under protected cultivation situations

� Collection and utilization of local strains of entomopathogenic organisms for insect/ pest management under organic farming situations

� Identification and utilization of native botanicals for eco-friendly pest management

� Safe management alternatives for the stored grain pests

� Identification and management of diseases and insect-pests of medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants

� Weed management studies in major crops

45

Tab

le 4

.1 B

lock

-wis

e L

and

Util

izat

ion

Patt

ern

of S

him

la D

istr

ict

(Hec

tare

s)

Sr No

Part

icul

ars

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

1.

Tot

al g

eogr

aphi

cal

area

27

565

7711

3 58

548

5341

6 41

025

2607

9 23

812

2940

8 12

5482

47

547

5099

95

2.

Fore

sts

50

30

7749

10

818

2147

3 40

20

6477

62

78

6733

46

497

7584

12

2659

- Pr

oduc

tive

2012

54

01

9736

19

326

3805

61

00

5000

53

87

4205

2 10

05

9982

4

- D

egra

ded

2018

23

48

1082

21

47

215

377

1278

13

46

4425

65

79

2181

5 3.

B

arre

n an

d un

culti

vabl

e la

nd

1378

11

74

947

878

1599

44

4 60

4 40

9 83

0 73

7 90

00

-

Roc

ky

78

174

147

78

900

231

54

59

71

37

1829

4.

L

and

put t

o no

n-ag

ricu

ltura

l use

s 45

0 28

18

600

2021

13

116

2080

67

6 13

22

2080

16

69

2683

2

-

Bui

ldin

gs

270

2000

50

0 10

21

1010

5 16

80

500

822

960

1469

19

327

R

oads

/pat

hs/c

hann

els

180

818

100

1000

30

11

400

176

500

1120

20

0 75

05

5.

Cul

tura

ble

was

te

1422

28

83

770

1553

20

00

2080

71

1 18

76

3430

11

62

1788

7

- W

eed/

bush

infe

sted

12

80

1510

40

0 11

00

900

1080

30

16

68

1500

90

0 10

368

-

Are

a pr

one

to

anim

al m

enac

e 12

2 13

33

300

400

900

880

400

188

1830

20

0 65

53

-A

rea

diff

icul

t to

man

age

20

40

70

53

200

200

111

20

100

62

876

6.

Perm

anen

t pas

ture

s an

d ot

her

graz

ing

land

s

1274

3 49

558

3180

8 11

698

1025

6 40

28

9157

83

24

3429

8 25

483

1973

53

-

Prod

uctiv

e 89

20

4900

0 25

446

6698

94

15

3924

80

00

7908

31

308

2000

0 17

0619

- D

egra

ded

3823

55

8 63

62

5000

84

1 11

04

1157

41

6 29

90

5483

27

734

7.

Lan

d un

der

mis

cella

neou

s tr

ee

crop

s an

d gr

oves

593

5858

25

2 13

95

102

2080

50

12

00

33

183

1174

6

8.

Fallo

w la

nd

118

500

184

1458

41

4 20

80

254

1309

31

318

3193

40

828

-

Cur

rent

fal

low

10

6 40

0 15

0 10

79

314

2000

20

0 10

00

2555

0 29

87

3378

6

- O

ther

fal

low

12

10

0 34

37

9 10

0 80

54

30

9 57

68

206

7042

9.

C

ultiv

ated

land

5831

65

73

1316

9 12

940

9518

68

10

6082

82

35

6996

75

36

8369

0

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

46

Tab

le 4

.2 P

robl

ems a

nd In

terv

entio

ns fo

r L

and

Dev

elop

men

t in

Shim

la D

istr

ict

(Per

cen

t of P

anch

ayat

s)

Sr.

No.

Pr

oble

ms

Inte

rven

tions

B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ank

hari

N

ark

anda

R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

1.

Deg

rade

d la

nd

Plan

tatio

n of

w

ild f

ruit

and

fodd

er tr

ees.

50

40

40

30

50

40

30

20

50

30

38

2.

Bar

ren

&

uncu

ltiva

ted

land

Con

stru

ctio

n of

irri

gatio

n ta

nk,

impr

ovem

ent

of p

astu

res

with

sui

tabl

e fo

rest

, leg

ume

gras

ses

40

30

40

20

50

50

30

20

60

50

39

3.

Wee

d in

fest

ed la

nd

Era

dica

tion

of

wee

ds a

nd

intr

oduc

tion

of

plan

ts &

gra

sses

60

30

30

40

60

30

30

30

50

40

40

4.

Lan

d pr

one

to a

nim

al

men

ace

Mon

key

viha

r,

gosa

dan,

fe

ncin

g,

ster

iliza

tion

of

mon

keys

etc

.

80

60

50

80

50

50

60

80

70

80

66

5.

Deg

rade

d gr

azin

g la

nd

Red

ucin

g an

imal

pr

essu

re a

nd

incr

easi

ng la

nd

cove

r un

der

legu

me

gras

ses

50

60

50

40

50

50

50

80

60

40

53

6.

Lan

d le

velin

g L

and

leve

ling

an

d cr

eatin

g

gabi

onin

g la

nd

etc.

20

10

10

10

10

20

10

20

20

20

15

7.

Con

tour

bu

ndin

g Pr

epar

atio

n of

co

ntou

r 60

80

80

60

60

90

80

60

70

80

72

8.

Riv

er

emba

nkm

ent/

chec

k da

m e

tc.,

Prot

ectio

n w

all

and

chec

k da

m

70

80

50

60

60

50

30

80

70

30

58

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

47

Tab

le 4

.3 F

inan

cial

Ass

ista

nce

for

Cat

egor

y-w

ise

Impr

ovem

ent o

f Lan

d in

Shi

mla

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

Sr.

No.

Pa

rtic

ular

s B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

1.

Fore

st

363.

00

377.

00

217.

00

324.

00

194.

00

88.0

0 20

2.00

18

8.00

51

9.00

78

3.00

32

55.0

0 2.

Pa

stur

e &

gra

zing

la

nd

542.

00

79.0

0 90

3.00

71

0.00

11

9.00

15

7.00

16

4.00

59

.00

425.

00

779.

00

3937

.00

3.

Oth

ers

741.

00

579.

00

737.

00

580.

00

1105

.00

983.

00

945.

00

2084

.00

1585

.00

2010

.00

1134

9.00

4.

T

otal

16

46.0

0 10

35.0

0 18

57.0

0 16

14.0

0 14

18.0

0 12

28.0

0 13

11.0

0 23

31.0

0 25

29.0

0 35

72.0

0 18

541.

00

Not

e:

Fund

s re

quir

emen

t fo

r la

nd d

evel

opm

ent

has

been

est

imat

ed o

n th

e ba

sis

of v

ario

us s

tate

pla

n sc

hem

es f

or t

he y

ear

2003

-04

and

2007

-08

i.e.

for

degr

aded

lan

d R

s. 1

0,70

0/ha

, ba

rran

lan

d R

s.10

,700

/ha,

Wee

d in

fest

ed l

and

Rs.

17,1

00/h

a, F

enci

ng f

or l

and

pron

e to

ani

mal

men

ace

Rs.

500

0/ha

, de

grad

ed g

razi

ng l

ands

Rs.

14,2

00/h

a, L

and

leve

ling

Rs.

6,80

0/ha

, C

onto

ur b

undi

ng R

s.40

,000

/ha

, re

clam

atio

n R

s. 6

,800

/ha,

che

ck d

am R

s. 8

,000

to

25,0

00/u

nit a

nd a

vera

ge R

s. 1

5,00

0/ p

er c

heck

dam

and

Rs.

6,80

0 /h

a fo

r an

y ot

her

prog

ram

me.

Tab

le 4

.4 In

terv

entio

ns a

nd F

inan

cial

Est

imat

es fo

r L

and

Dev

elop

men

t in

Shim

la D

istr

ict (

Rs.

Lak

hs)

Sr.

No

Part

icul

ars

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Lan

d(h

a)

Fund

s re

quir

edL

and

(ha)

Fu

nds

requ

ired

Lan

d(h

a)

Fund

s re

quir

edL

and

(ha)

Fu

nds

requ

ired

Lan

d(h

a)

Fund

s re

quir

ed1

Deg

rade

d la

nd

2018

21

6.00

23

48

251.

00

1082

11

6.00

21

47

230.

00

215

23.0

0 2

Bar

ren

land

13

78

147.

00

1174

12

6.00

94

7 10

1.00

87

8 94

.00

1599

17

1.00

3

Wee

d in

fest

ed la

nd

1280

21

9.00

15

10

258.

00

400

68.0

0 11

00

188.

00

900

154.

00

4 L

and

pron

e to

ani

mal

men

ace

122

1.00

13

33

7.00

30

0 2.

00

400

20.0

0 90

0 45

.00

5 D

egra

ded

graz

ing

land

s 38

23

542.

00

558

79.0

0 63

62

903.

00

5000

71

0.00

84

1 11

9.00

6

Lan

d le

velin

g 28

28

192.

00

722

49.0

0 25

20

171.

00

0.00

0.

00

5175

35

2.00

7

Con

tour

bun

ding

30

5 12

2.00

37

7 15

0.00

66

2 26

5.00

25

6 10

2.00

68

3 27

5.00

8

Fenc

ing

1958

98

.00

1885

94

.00

162

81.0

0 11

27

56.0

0 18

90

95.0

0 9

Rec

lam

atio

n 79

8 54

.00

0.00

0.

00

225

15.0

0 16

10

109.

00

1764

12

0.00

10

R

iver

em

bank

men

t/che

ck d

ams

2973

45

.00

130

20.0

0 90

0 13

5.00

70

0 10

5.00

42

0 63

.00

11

Any

oth

er

145

10.0

0 7

1.00

1

0.00

0.

00

0.00

10

1.

00

12

Tot

al

16

46.0

0

1035

1857

.00

16

14.0

0

1418

.00

48

Tab

le 4

.4 c

ont…

…

Sr.

No.

Pa

rtic

ular

s N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

L

and

(ha)

Fu

nds

requ

ired

Lan

d(h

a)

Fund

s re

quir

edL

and

(ha)

Fu

nds

requ

ired

Lan

d(h

a)

Fund

s re

quir

edL

and

(ha)

Fu

nds

requ

ired

1 D

egra

ded

land

37

7 40

.00

1278

13

7 13

46

144.

00

4425

47

3.00

65

79

704.

00

2 B

arre

n la

nd

444

48.0

0 60

4 65

40

9 44

.00

430

46.0

0 73

7 79

.00

3 W

eed

infe

sted

land

10

80

185.

00

30

5 16

68

285.

00

1500

25

7.00

90

0 15

4.00

4

Lan

d pr

one

to a

nim

al m

enac

e 88

0 44

.00

400

20

188

9.00

18

30

92.0

0 20

0 10

.00

5 D

egra

ded

graz

ing

land

s 11

04

157.

00

1157

16

4 41

6 59

.00

2990

42

5.00

54

83

779.

00

6 L

and

leve

ling

323

22.0

0 29

25

199

7112

48

4.00

60

84

414.

00

2020

13

7.00

7

Con

tour

bun

ding

10

84

434.

00

248

19

2000

80

0.00

46

1 18

4.00

17

6 70

.00

8 Fe

ncin

g 31

92

160.

00

656

33

800

40.0

0 80

6 32

2.00

64

0 25

6.00

9

Rec

lam

atio

n 0.

00

0.00

32

50

221

1600

10

9.00

27

13

184.

00

310

21.0

0 10

R

iver

em

bank

men

t/che

ck d

ams

922

138

1170

17

6 22

48

0.00

59

2 89

.00

2410

36

2.00

11

A

ny o

ther

* 0.

00

0.00

40

00

272

2km

20

.00

630H

a 43

.00

10km

10

00.0

0 12

T

otal

1228

1311

2331

.00

25

29.0

0

3572

.00

Not

e:

Lif

t irr

igat

ion

silp

ulin

e ta

nk/p

lant

atio

n So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

49

Tab

le 4

.5 M

ajor

Cro

ppin

g Sy

stem

s in

Shim

la D

istr

ict,

2007

-08

(Hec

tare

s)

Sr.

No.

Pa

rtic

ular

s B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

aM

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

R

ainf

ed

514

980.

16

622

570

1058

32

0.5

645

1338

.25

1610

22

73

9416

.91

1 M

aize

-whe

at

230

140.

88

160.

5 37

43

8.5

- 11

0 85

31

2 3

1516

.88

2 M

aize

+pul

ses-

whe

at

55

207.

2 15

61

29

9.5

180

2 40

26

5 -

1124

.7

3 M

aize

-bar

ley

10

132

18

21

11

5 -

82.2

5 25

2 -

531.

25

4 M

aize

-pea

38

22

4 97

72

-

- 86

50

20

0 5

772

5 M

aize

-pot

ato

45

136

28

24

- -

- 70

20

0 -

503

6 Po

tato

-fal

low

-whe

at

(bie

nnia

l)

25

- -

21

- -

25

260

- 85

41

6 7

Mai

ze-t

oria

-whe

at

10

- 2

1 -

- -

- -

- 13

8

Pota

to+

fallo

w

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

0 9

Padd

y-w

heat

-

16

24

57

- 4

- 15

5

- 12

1 10

Pa

ddy-

barl

ey

- 32

1

12

- -

- 20

-

- 65

11

Pu

lses

bas

ed

25

48

- 50

-

36.5

18

5 11

1 36

6 35

8 11

79.5

12

O

ilsee

d ba

sed

17

- 3

31

- -

7 10

-

22

90

13

Veg

etab

le b

ased

59

4.

08

223.

5 17

9 30

9 60

21

0 14

5 10

18

00

2999

.58

14

Pota

to+

fallo

w

- -

- -

- 30

-

- -

- 30

15

Sp

ices

bas

ed

- -

- 4

- -

- -

- -

4 16

Po

tato

-pea

-

- -

- -

- -

450

- -

450

17

Pota

to-

rajm

ash

-

- -

- -

5 -

- -

- 5

18

Tom

ato

– pe

a –

garl

ic

- -

25

- -

- -

- -

- 25

19

T

omat

o- p

ea

- -

25

- -

- -

- -

- 25

20

G

inge

r –

whe

at

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

0

50

Tab

le 4

.5 c

ont..

...

Sr.

No.

Pa

rtic

ular

s B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

alM

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

Irri

gate

d

208

728.

12

117

76

167

- -

- 35

8 -

1654

.12

1 M

aize

-whe

at

42

64.0

8 9

7 -

- -

- 10

0 -

222.

08

2 M

aize

+pul

ses-

whe

at

4 88

1

9 -

- -

- -

- 10

2 3

Mai

ze-b

arle

y -

80

2 -

- -

- -

- -

82

4 M

aize

-pea

36

15

2 12

-

- -

- -

-

200

5 M

aize

-pot

ato

45

88

2 -

-

- -

30

- 16

5 6

Pota

to-f

allo

w-

whe

at (

bien

nial

) 5

- -

- -

- -

- 29

-

34

7 M

aize

-tor

ia-

whe

at

- -

- -

- -

- -

28

- 28

8

Cha

ri-b

erse

em

- -

1 -

- -

- -

- -

1 9

Padd

y-w

heat

-

144

28

- -

- -

- 9

- 18

1 10

Pa

ddy-

barl

ey

- 11

2 2

- -

- -

- 28

-

142

11

Puls

es b

ased

5

- -

-

- -

- -

- 5

12

Oils

eed

base

d 4

- 1

- -

- -

- -

- 5

13

Veg

etab

le b

ased

67

0.

04

50

60

166

- -

- 10

-

353.

04

14

Suga

rcan

e ba

sed

- -

- -

- -

- -

124

- 12

4 15

Sp

ices

bas

ed

- -

- -

-

-

- -

0 16

Po

tato

-pea

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 0

17

Cau

liflo

wer

-bel

l pe

pper

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 0

18

Cau

liflo

wer

-be

an-p

ea

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

0 19

T

omat

o –p

ea

- -

10

- -

- -

- -

- 10

20

G

inge

r-w

heat

-

- -

- 1

- -

- -

- 1

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

51

Tab

le 4

.6 C

ropp

ing

Patt

ern

in S

him

la D

istr

ict,

2007

-08

(Hec

tare

s)

Cro

ps

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t Fo

od c

rops

49

59.0

0 65

76.0

0 93

89.0

0 89

6.00

55

75.0

0 89

6.00

18

42.0

0 16

16.0

0 45

16.0

0 15

75.0

0 37

840.

00

Mai

ze

2403

.00

577.

00

3223

.00

191.

00

2946

.00

319.

00

673.

00

729.

00

1039

.00

1140

.00

1324

0.00

Pa

ddy

73

.00

510.

00

378.

00

105.

00

13.0

0 17

2.00

81

.00

83.0

0 36

6.00

0.

00

1781

.00

Whe

at

2173

.00

2329

.00

3084

.00

336.

00

2158

.00

236.

00

929.

00

500.

00

2125

.00

265.

00

1412

5.00

B

arle

y

303.

00

895.

00

1157

.00

102.

00

450.

00

129.

00

154.

00

301.

00

603.

00

170.

00

4264

.00

Rag

i/kod

o 2.

00

453.

00

473.

00

78.0

0 1.

00

0.00

5.

00

25.0

0 84

.00

0.00

11

21.0

0 M

inor

mill

ets

5.00

18

12.0

0 10

74.0

0 84

.00

0.00

40

.00

0.00

18

.00

309.

00

0.00

33

42.0

0 Pu

lses

291.

00

278.

00

837.

00

136.

00

123.

00

559.

00

327.

00

377.

00

1271

.00

147.

00

4346

.00

Bla

ck g

ram

, gra

m, m

ash

83

.00

78.0

0 52

5.00

98

.00

76.0

0 27

4.00

12

0.00

17

6.00

24

4.00

11

1.00

17

85.0

0 G

ram

, red

gra

m, m

asur

, ku

lthi

208.

00

200.

00

312.

00

38.0

0 47

.00

285.

00

207.

00

201.

00

1027

.00

36.0

0 25

61.0

0

Oth

er fo

od c

rops

(pot

ato)

42

.00

680.

00

460.

00

404.

00

173.

00

231.

00

79.0

0 23

72.0

0 41

9.00

46

9.00

53

29.0

0 T

otal

food

cro

ps

5292

.00

7534

.00

1068

6.00

14

36.0

0 58

71.0

0 16

86.0

0 22

48.0

0 43

65.0

0 62

06.0

0 21

91.0

0 47

515.

00

Spic

es &

con

dim

ents

51

.00

0.00

53

.00

0.00

19

6.00

0.

00

31.0

0 0.

00

5.00

1.

00

337.

00

Gin

ger

29.0

0 0.

00

20.0

0 0.

00

165.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

21

4.00

G

arlic

1.

00

0.00

10

.00

0.00

5.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

4.

00

0.00

20

.00

Cor

iand

er

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

C

hilli

es

21.0

0 0.

00

23.0

0 0.

00

26.0

0 0.

00

31.0

0 0.

00

1.00

1.

00

103.

00

Non

food

cro

ps

(oil

seed

s)

49.0

0 13

.00

305.

00

44.0

0 68

.00

8.00

16

.00

67.0

0 10

2.00

16

.00

688.

00

52

Tab

le 4

.6 c

ont..

.

Cro

ps

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

tV

eget

able

s 64

6.00

11

00.0

0 12

56.0

0 43

3.00

17

45.0

0 25

2.00

32

1.00

38

4.00

70

2.00

19

13.0

0 14

073.

00

Pea

(gre

en)

200.

00

884.

00

628.

00

147.

00

702.

00

67.0

0 10

0.00

10

0.00

37

2.00

10

00.0

0 42

00.0

0 T

omat

o 20

.00

5.00

20

0.00

12

.00

325.

00

5.00

5.

00

50.0

0 50

.00

28.0

0 70

0.00

C

abba

ge

200.

00

104.

00

108.

00

100.

00

141.

00

100.

00

136.

00

100.

00

68.0

0 42

0.00

17

50.0

0 C

aulif

low

er

10.0

0 20

.00

94.0

0 10

0.00

25

.00

5.00

5.

00

5.00

31

.00

125.

00

420.

00

Fren

ch b

ean

35.0

0 8.

00

52.0

0 20

.00

120.

00

20.0

0 20

.00

40.0

0 25

.00

110.

00

450.

00

Cap

sicu

m/ c

hilli

es

30.0

0 7.

00

39.0

0 20

.00

78.0

0 15

.00

15.0

0 20

.00

53.0

0 14

8.00

42

5.00

L

ady

fing

er

4.00

4.

00

1.00

1.

00

4.00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

4.00

4.

00

25.0

0 B

rinj

al

5.00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

6.00

2.

00

20.0

0 C

ucur

bits

40

.00

6.00

20

.00

5.00

1.

00

5.00

5.

00

11.0

0 34

.00

10.0

0 14

0.00

O

nion

10

.00

5.00

25

.00

2.00

6.

00

2.00

3.

00

5.00

4.

00

2.00

64

.00

Rad

ish/

turn

ip

30.0

0 16

.00

30.0

0 5.

00

25.0

0 5.

00

5.00

10

.00

10.0

0 14

.00

140.

00

Oth

ers

62.0

0 40

.00

58.0

0 20

.00

35.0

0 25

.00

25.0

0 50

.00

45.0

0 50

.00

410.

00

Fodd

er c

rops

5.

00

2.00

4.

00

2.00

3.

00

2.00

2.

00

3.00

3.

00

2.00

28

.00

Oat

s 2.

00

2.00

2.

00

2.00

3.

00

2.00

2.

00

3.00

2.

00

2.00

22

.00

Ber

seem

3.

00

0.00

2.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

1.

00

0.00

6.

00

Oth

er c

rops

54

.00

41.0

0 71

.00

6.00

6.

00

6.00

6.

00

8.00

9.

00

6.00

21

3.00

T

otal

cro

pped

are

a 60

97.0

0 86

90.0

0 12

375.

00

1921

.00

8502

.00

1954

.00

2624

.00

4827

.00

7027

.00

4129

.00

6285

4.00

N

ote:

Oth

er c

rops

incl

ude

flow

er, m

edic

inal

her

bs/ p

lant

s, to

bacc

o, tu

rmer

ic, c

oria

nder

, etc

.

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

53

Tab

le 4

.7 Q

uant

ity o

f See

d U

sed,

Req

uire

d an

d G

ap fo

r D

iffer

ent C

rops

in S

him

la D

istr

ict (

Kg/

Ha)

Cro

ps

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

C

erea

ls

Mai

ze

43.0

0 20

.00

23.0

062

.00

20.0

042

.00

35.0

020

.00

15.0

0 76

.00

20.0

056

.00

58.0

020

.00

38.0

0Pa

ddy

43.0

0 30

.00

13.0

045

.00

30.0

015

.00

37.0

030

.00

7.00

56

.00

30.0

026

.00

0.00

30.0

00.

00W

heat

17

0.00

10

0.00

70

.00

178.

0010

0.00

78.0

017

5.00

100.

0075

.00

166.

0010

0.00

66.0

015

0.00

100.

0050

.00

Bar

ley

0.00

0.00

180.

0010

0.00

80.0

019

0.00

100.

0090

.00

125.

0010

0.00

25.0

012

5.00

100.

0025

.00

Puls

es

R

ajm

ash

0.00

0.00

103.

0010

0.00

3.00

80.0

010

0.00

20.0

0 85

.00

100.

0015

.00

127.

0010

0.00

27.0

0M

ung/

mas

h 0.

00

0.

000.

000.

000.

0035

.00

20.0

015

.00

27.0

020

.00

7.00

27.0

020

.00

7.00

Oils

eed

M

usta

rd

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

10.0

06.

004.

00

11.0

06.

005.

000.

00

V

eget

able

s

Pota

to

33.0

0 20

.00

13.0

018

.00

20.0

02.

0030

.00

20.0

010

.00

18.0

020

.00

2.00

23.0

020

.00

3.00

Peas

14

5.00

90

.00

55.0

013

4.00

90.0

044

.00

133.

0090

.00

43.0

0 14

6.00

90.0

056

.00

175.

0090

.00

85.0

0T

omat

o 1.

25

0.50

0.

751.

250.

500.

751.

250.

500.

75

1.25

0.50

0.75

1.65

0.50

1.15

Cab

bage

1.

02

0.60

0.

421.

130.

600.

531.

050.

600.

90

1.30

0.60

0.70

1.70

0.60

1.10

Cau

liflo

wer

0.

90

0.70

0.

201.

130.

700.

431.

250.

700.

55

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.80

0.70

1.10

Bea

ns

125.

00

75.0

0 50

.00

150.

0075

.00

75.0

080

.00

75.0

05.

00

0.00

0.00

0.00

45.0

075

.00

30.0

0C

apsi

cum

1.

33

0.90

0.

430.

000.

900.

002.

080.

901.

18

0.00

0.00

0.00

2.50

0.90

1.60

Lad

y fi

nger

0.

00

0.

0050

.00

15.0

035

.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.

000.

000.

0038

.00

15.0

023

.00

Bri

njal

0.

00

0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.50

0.00

Gin

ger

(q)

28.0

0 20

.00

8.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

13.0

020

.00

7.00

0.

000.

000.

0012

.00

20.0

08.

00G

arlic

(q)

6.

25

6.00

0.

250.

000.

000.

0010

.00

6.00

4.00

5.

006.

001.

008.

756.

002.

75O

nion

(q)

18

.75

10.0

0 8.

750.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00

0.00

12.5

010

.00

2.50

Col

ocas

ia (

q)

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

7.50

8.00

0.50

54

Tab

le 4

.7 c

ont..

.

Cro

ps

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

Cer

eals

M

aize

62

.00

20.0

0 42

.00

39.0

0 20

.00

19.0

0 51

.00

20.0

0 31

.00

38.0

0 20

.00

18.0

0 25

.00

20.0

0 5.

00

48.9

0 20

.00

28.9

0

Padd

y 80

.00

30.0

0 50

.00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

10

5.00

30

.00

75.0

0 62

.00

30.0

0 32

.00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

61

.14

24.0

0 37

.14

Whe

at

100.

00

100.

00

0.00

83

.00

100.

00

17.0

0 16

7.00

10

0.00

67

.00

171.

00

100.

00

71.0

0 65

.00

100.

00

35.0

0 14

2.50

10

0.00

42

.50

Bar

ley

150.

00

100.

00

50.0

0 10

6.00

10

0.00

7.

00

187.

00

100.

00

87.0

0 10

0.00

10

0.00

0.

00

67.0

0 10

0.00

33

.00

136.

67

100.

00

136.

67

Puls

es

Raj

mas

h 12

0.00

10

0..0

0 20

.00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

11

5..0

0 10

0.00

15

.00

90.0

0 10

0.00

10

.00

82.0

0 10

0.00

28

.00

100.

25

90.0

0 10

.25

Mun

g/m

ash

30.0

0 20

.00

10.0

0 32

.00

20.0

0 12

.00

28.0

0 20

.00

8.00

42

.00

20.0

0 22

.00

32.0

0 20

.00

12.0

0 31

.63

18.0

0 13

.63

Oils

eed

12.5

0 6.

00

6.50

19

.00

6.00

13

.00

12.0

0 6.

00

6.00

0.

00

0.

00

14

.50

2.40

12

.10

Mus

tard

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

6.

00

0.00

6.

25

6.00

0.

25

9.08

3.

00

6.08

Veg

etab

les

Pota

to (

q)

19.0

0 20

.00

1.00

12

.00

20.0

0 6.

00

31.0

0 20

.00

11.0

0 25

.00

20.0

0 5.

00

13.0

0 20

.00

7.00

22

.20

20.0

0 2.

20

Peas

67

.00

90.0

0 23

.00

85.0

0 90

.00

5.00

13

3.00

90

.00

43.0

0 12

8.00

90

.00

38.0

0 90

.00

90.0

0 0.

00

123.

60

90.0

0 33

.60

Tom

ato

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.75

0.

50

0.25

1.

25

0.50

0.

75

1.24

0.

50

0.74

Cab

bage

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.78

0.

60

0.18

0.

000.

000.

000.

80

0.60

0.

20

0.62

0.

60

0.02

0.

97

0.60

0.

37

Cau

liflo

wer

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

1.18

0.

70

0.48

0.

000.

000.

000.

00

0.70

0.

00

0.63

0.

70

0.07

1.

14

0.70

0.

44

Bea

ns

0.00

0.

00

0.00

32

.00

75.0

0 43

.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.

00

75.0

0 25

.00

45.0

0 75

.00

3.00

82

.43

75.0

0 7.

43

Cap

sicu

m

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

001.

00

0.90

0.

10

0.75

0.

90

0.15

1.

53

0.90

0.

63

Lad

y fi

nger

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

50.0

0 15

.00

35.0

0 15

.00

15.0

0 0.

00

38.2

5 15

.00

23.2

5

Bri

njal

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

2.80

1.

50

1.30

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

2.80

1.

50

1.30

Gin

ger

(q)

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00

20.0

0 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

17

.67

20.0

0 2.

33

Gar

lic (

q)

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

009.

06

6.00

3.

06

4.45

6.

00

1.55

5.

38

6.00

0.

62

Oni

on (

q)

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

0014

.50

10.0

0 4.

50

0.00

0.

000.

0015

.25

10.0

0 5.

25

Col

ocas

ia (

q)

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

000.

007.

50

8.00

0.

50

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

55

Tab

le 4

.8 B

lock

-wis

e Fe

rtili

zer

Use

d, R

equi

red

and

Gap

s in

Shim

la D

istr

ict,

2007

-08

(Met

ric

Ton

nes)

B

lock

s/

Part

icul

ars

Ure

a C

AN

IF

FCO

(1

2:32

:16)

M

OP

SSP

NPK

15

:15:

15

Ver

mi-

com

post

FYM

B

io-

fert

ilize

rsN

:P:K

(1

0:26

:26)

B

asan

tpur

U

sed

340.

35

0 35

4.31

18

5.12

0

182.

21

1814

68

79

0 26

6.41

R

equi

red

677.

58

0 68

0.14

26

7.37

0

349.

84

2392

18

762

0 51

1.51

G

ap

337.

23

0 32

5.83

82

.25

0 16

7.63

57

8 11

883

0 24

5.10

C

hirg

oan

Use

d 46

9.81

13

5.51

31

0.87

88

.81

47.4

8 15

9.80

0

1276

8 0

233.

63

Req

uire

d 93

5.31

28

2.3

596.

74

128.

27

101.

32

306.

82

3827

30

019

0 44

8.57

G

ap

465.

5 14

6.79

28

5.88

39

.46

53.8

4 14

7.02

38

27

1725

1 0

214.

94

Cho

pal

Use

d 61

5.41

17

7.54

40

7.2

116.

44

62.1

9 20

9.40

20

00

1672

6 0

306.

16

Req

uire

d 12

25.1

7 36

9.87

78

1.67

16

8.18

13

2.72

40

2.05

50

13

3932

5 0

587.

83

Gap

60

9.76

19

2.32

37

4.47

51

.74

70.5

3 19

2.65

30

13

2259

9 0

281.

67

Jubb

al

Use

d 31

3.33

51

5.68

52

5.67

10

25.4

6 40

2.01

27

0.22

69

59

1781

0 0

395.

08

Req

uire

d 62

3.79

10

74.2

7 10

09.0

8 14

81.0

9 85

7.93

51

8.82

77

94

1966

3 0

758.

55

Gap

31

0.46

55

8.6

483.

41

455.

63

455.

92

248.

60

835

1853

0

363.

47

Mas

hobr

a U

sed

463.

06

319.

61

1082

.1

251.

83

315.

91

317.

92

246.

7 12

21

0 81

3.52

R

equi

red

921.

86

665.

82

2077

.21

363.

72

674.

17

610.

40

325.

3 22

27

0 15

61.9

6 G

ap

458.

81

346.

21

995.

11

111.

89

358.

26

292.

48

78.6

10

06

0 74

8.44

N

ankh

ari

Use

d 51

.41

12.8

2 27

.52

20.1

3 8.

66

252.

56

256.

1 26

25

2561

20

.57

Req

uire

d 10

2.35

26

.72

52.8

4 29

.07

18.4

9 48

4.92

42

6.8

4375

42

68

39.4

9 G

ap

50.9

4 13

.89

25.3

1 8.

94

9.83

23

2.36

17

0.7

1750

17

07

18.9

2 N

arka

nda

Use

d 75

.05

249.

93

540.

78

646.

14

137.

92

278.

09

2254

.1

7732

2 0

406.

58

Req

uire

d 14

9.41

52

0.66

10

38.0

9 93

3.23

29

4.32

53

3.93

24

04.8

78

300

0 78

0.63

G

ap

74.3

6 27

0.73

49

7.31

28

7.09

15

6.41

25

5.84

15

0.7

978

0 37

4.06

R

ohru

U

sed

298.

7 18

1.39

42

9.33

0

0 22

0.60

10

60.9

11

134

0 32

2.55

R

equi

red

594.

65

377.

88

824.

15

0 0

423.

55

1273

.2

2546

4 0

619.

30

Gap

29

5.96

19

6.49

39

4.82

0

0 20

2.95

21

2.3

1433

0 0

296.

75

Ram

pur

Use

d 16

9.61

12

8.81

40

6.39

65

3.64

16

8.24

20

8.93

11

29.4

22

589

0 30

5.46

R

equi

red

337.

67

268.

35

780.

12

944.

07

359.

04

401.

15

2258

.8

8838

6 0

586.

48

56

Gap

16

8.06

13

9.53

37

3.72

29

0.42

19

0.8

192.

22

1129

.4

6579

7 0

281.

02

The

og

Use

d 63

5.67

28

1.71

55

4.81

38

6.42

34

6.59

28

5.27

36

74.4

73

488

0 41

7.05

Req

uire

d 12

65.5

1 58

6.86

10

65.0

2 55

8.12

73

9.66

54

7.72

55

11.6

11

0232

0

800.

74

Gap

62

9.84

30

5.15

51

0.21

17

1.69

39

3.07

26

2.45

18

37.2

36

744

0 38

3.69

D

istr

ict

Use

d 34

32.4

1 20

03

4639

33

74

1489

23

85

1939

4.6

2425

62

2561

34

87

Req

uire

d 68

33.3

41

72.7

2 89

05.0

7 48

73.1

2 31

77.6

5 45

79.2

0 31

226.

5 41

6753

42

68

6695

.06

Gap

34

00.8

9 21

69.7

2 42

66.0

7 14

99.1

2 16

88.6

5 21

94.2

0 11

831.

9 17

4191

17

07

3208

.06

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

57

Tab

le 4

.9 M

ajor

Inse

ct/ P

ests

& D

isea

ses L

imiti

ng C

rop

Prod

uctio

n in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t C

rops

In

sect

-Pes

ts

Dis

ease

s C

erea

ls 1.

M

aize

C

utw

orm

s T

urci

cum

and

may

dis

leaf

blig

hts

Whi

te g

rubs

B

ande

d le

af a

nd s

heat

h bl

ight

St

em b

orer

M

aize

aph

id

Snai

ls a

nd s

lugs

2.

Pa

ddy

Stem

bor

er

Gra

in d

isco

lora

tion

Lea

f fo

lder

N

emat

odes

W

hite

gru

bs

Gra

ssho

pper

3.

W

heat

& b

arle

y A

phid

R

usts

( y

ello

w &

leaf

rus

ts )

A

rmyw

orm

s L

oose

sm

ut

Gra

ssho

pper

s H

ill b

unt

Puls

es

4.

Mas

h &

raj

mas

h B

ean

bug

Lea

f sp

ots

Cut

wor

ms

Blis

ter

beet

le

Pod

bore

r H

airy

cat

erpi

llars

O

ilsee

ds5.

R

apes

eed-

mus

tard

C

abba

ge c

ater

pilla

r

Aph

id c

ompl

ex

Pain

ted

bug

Veg

etab

les 6.

So

lana

ceou

s (t

omat

o, b

rinj

al ,

caps

icum

, ch

illi

Cut

wor

ms

Bac

teri

al w

ilt, f

ruit

rot

Bri

njal

sho

ot a

nd f

ruit

bore

r Fr

uit r

ot a

nd P

hyto

phth

ora

rot

Tom

ato

frui

t bor

er

B

rinj

al

B

acte

rial

wilt

, Pho

mos

is b

light

, Fru

it ro

t and

col

lar

rot

7.

Leg

umia

ceou

s (P

ea, F

renc

h be

an)

Pea

leaf

min

er

Roo

t rot

/ wilt

com

plex

and

whi

te r

ot

Cut

wor

ms

Pod

bore

r co

mpl

ex

Blis

ter

beet

le

Bea

n bu

g W

hite

gru

bs

58

Tab

le 4

.9 c

ont…

.

Cro

ps

Inse

ct-P

ests

D

isea

ses

8.

Mal

vace

ous

(okr

a )

Cut

wor

ms

Sp

otte

d bo

ll w

orm

(fr

uit b

orer

)

Jass

ids

Fles

bee

tles

Mite

s 9.

C

ruci

fero

us (

cabb

age

, cau

liflo

wer

, br

occo

li , r

adis

h ,

turn

ip)

Cat

erpi

llar

com

plex

(di

amon

dbac

k m

oth

, ca

bbag

e ca

terp

illar

, se

milo

oper

)

Bla

ck r

ot &

sta

lk r

ot

10.

Oth

er v

eget

able

s an

d sp

ices

(ga

rlic

, co

rian

der

) O

nion

thri

ps

O

nion

mag

got

Aph

id

11.

Pota

to

Whi

te g

rubs

L

ate

blig

ht

Cut

wor

m

Bac

teri

al w

ilt

Wir

ewor

ms

12.

Gin

ger

R

hizo

me

rot

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

Tab

le 4

.10

Prio

rity

-wis

e W

eed

Prob

lem

s in

Shim

la D

istr

ict

Cro

ps

Nam

e of

wee

ds

Cer

eals

M

aize

Ag

erat

um c

onyz

oide

s , C

omm

elin

a be

ngha

lene

sis ,

Gal

linso

ga p

arvi

flora

, D

igita

ria

sang

uina

liss ,

Ech

inch

loa

colo

na

Padd

y Ec

hinc

hloa

cru

s-ga

lli ,

Poly

gonu

m b

arba

tum

, C

yper

us ir

ia ,

Pasp

alum

con

juga

tum

W

heat

Ph

alar

is m

inor

, An

agal

lis a

rven

sis ,

stel

lara

med

ia ,

Vici

a sa

tiva

, Ave

na lu

dovi

cini

a ,.

Poa

annu

a , V

eron

ica

pers

ica

Puls

es

U

rd b

ean

Com

mel

ina

beng

hale

nesi

s , A

gera

tum

con

yzoi

des ,

Dig

itaria

sang

uina

liss ,

Dig

itari

a sa

ngui

nalis

s V

eget

able

s

Kha

rif

Com

mel

ina

beng

hale

nesi

s , A

gera

tum

con

yzoi

des ,

Gal

linso

ga p

arvi

flora

, C

ench

rus s

p.

Rab

i M

edic

ago

dent

icila

ta ,

Gal

linso

ga p

arvi

flora

, C

oron

opus

did

ymu

, Poa

ann

ua ,

Stel

lari

a m

edia

, Ve

roni

ca p

ersi

ca

Wee

ds in

supp

ort (

past

ure)

land

s La

ntan

a ca

mar

a , P

aret

heni

um h

yste

roph

orou

s , A

gera

tium

hos

toni

anum

, Bi

dens

pilo

sa ,

Zizy

phus

rotu

ndifo

lia ,

Cir

sium

arv

ense

Ar

tem

isia

sp. ,

Equ

iset

um ty

phoi

des ,

Rum

ex a

ceto

cella

, U

rtca

dio

ca

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

59

Tab

le 4

.11

Blo

ck-w

ise

Pest

icid

es/C

hem

ical

s Use

d, R

equi

red

and

Gap

s in

Shim

la D

istr

ict,

2007

-08

(Met

ric

Ton

nes)

Pest

icid

e/In

sect

icid

e/

Wee

dici

de

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

End

osul

phan

5.

85

9.01

3.

16

0.30

0.

55

0.25

0.

32

0.60

0.

28

0.27

0.

50

0.23

0.

30

0.56

0.

26

Mal

athi

on

3.98

7.

50

3.52

4.

40

6.86

2.

46

4.80

7.

49

2.69

4.

00

6.24

2.

24

4.48

6.

99

2.51

D

M 0

45

6.45

11

.26

4.81

16

.98

18.3

5 1.

37

18.5

3 20

.01

1.48

15

.44

16.6

8 1.

24

17.2

9 18

.68

1.39

B

avis

tian

3.45

3.

75

0.30

6.

47

8.78

2.

31

7.06

9.

58

2.52

5.

88

7.98

2.

10

6.59

9.

94

3.35

M

etas

ysto

x 3.

00

6.00

3.

00

3.78

6.

47

2.69

4.

13

7.06

2.

93

3.44

5.

88

2.44

3.

85

6.59

2.

74

Nuv

an

5.

50

6.86

1.

36

6.00

7.

49

1.49

5.

00

6.24

1.

24

5.60

6.

99

1.39

M

etac

id

4.

49

7.84

3.

35

4.90

8.

56

3.66

4.

08

7.13

3.

05

4.57

7.

99

3.42

M

asva

n

6.04

7.

84

1.80

6.

04

8.56

2.

52

5.03

7.

13

2.10

5.

63

7.99

2.

36

Z0

78

3.

47

4.90

1.

43

3.78

5.

34

1.56

3.

15

4.45

1.

30

3.53

4.

98

1.45

T

hiod

ain

29

.65

31.8

5 2.

20

32.3

4 34

.74

2.40

26

.95

28.9

5 2.

00

30.1

8 32

.42

2.24

B

litox

0.58

1.

10

0.52

0.

64

1.20

0.

56

0.53

1.

00

0.47

0.

59

1.12

0.

53

T0

50

13

.60

16.4

6 2.

86

14.8

3 17

.95

3.12

12

.36

14.9

6 2.

60

13.8

4 16

.76

2.92

D

arm

et

9.

93

13.2

3 3.

30

10.8

4 14

.44

3.60

9.

03

12.0

3 3.

00

10.1

1 13

.47

3.36

R

ogar

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

Dod

ine

13

.62

17.1

4 3.

52

14.8

6 18

.70

3.84

12

.38

15.5

8 3.

20

13.8

7 17

.45

3.58

C

hlor

opyr

ipho

s

Cop

per

sulp

hate

Rid

omil

C

apto

n

End

omas

Nee

m o

il

60

Tab

le 4

.11

cont

.....

Pest

icid

e/In

sect

icid

e/

Wee

dici

de

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

U

R

G

End

osul

phan

0.

27

0.50

0.

23

0.24

0.

45

0.21

0.

12

0.24

0.

12

7.67

12

.41

4.74

15

.34

24.8

2 9.

48

Mal

athi

on

0.

00

4.00

6.

24

2.24

3.

60

5.62

2.

02

3.00

5.

00

2.00

32

.26

51.9

4 19

.68

DM

045

1.

02

2.02

1.

00

12.3

3 13

.33

1.00

0.

25

0.35

0.

10

0.23

0.

32

0.09

10

6.50

11

6.50

10

.00

195.

02

217.

50

22.4

8 B

avis

tian

0.41

1.

00

0.59

8.

02

10.0

2 2.

00

0.10

0.

20

0.10

0.

09

0.18

0.

09

82.0

0 92

.23

10.2

3 12

0.07

14

3.66

23

.59

Met

asys

tox

0.41

1.

11

0.70

0.

00

3.44

5.

88

2.44

3.

09

5.29

2.

20

77.0

0 87

.01

10.0

1 10

2.14

13

1.29

29

.15

Nuv

an

0.72

2.

52

1.80

10

.98

12.0

0 1.

02

5.00

6.

24

1.24

4.

50

5.62

1.

12

3.00

4.

12

1.12

46

.30

58.0

8 11

.78

Met

acid

0.

00

16.0

0 18

.68

2.68

4.

08

7.13

3.

05

3.62

6.

42

2.80

2.

17

4.17

2.

00

43.9

1 67

.92

24.0

1 M

asva

n

0.

00

16.0

0 20

.04

4.04

45

.03

7.13

37

.90

40.5

2 6.

42

34.1

0

0.

00

124.

29

65.1

1 59

.18

Z0

78

0.00

4.

81

6.61

1.

80

3.15

4.

45

1.30

2.

84

4.01

1.

17

0.00

24

.73

34.7

4 10

.01

Thi

odai

n

0.

00

0.00

26

.95

28.9

5 2.

00

24.2

6 26

.06

1.80

12

0.00

15

0.00

30

.00

290.

33

332.

97

42.6

4 B

litox

0.

00

0.00

0.

53

1.00

0.

47

0.48

0.

90

0.42

40

.10

43.2

0 3.

10

43.4

5 49

.52

6.07

T

0 50

1.

02

1.82

0.

80

0.00

12

.36

14.9

6 2.

60

11.1

2 13

.46

2.34

0.

00

79.1

3 96

.37

17.2

4 D

arm

et

30.0

0 34

.75

4.75

20

.50

31.5

0 11

.00

9.03

12

.03

3.00

8.

13

10.8

3 2.

70

67.0

1 87

.01

20.0

0 17

4.58

22

9.29

54

.71

Rog

ar

0.41

1.

01

0.60

12

.00

16.0

3 4.

03

0.00

0.

00

0.00

12

.41

17.0

4 4.

63

Dod

ine

0.41

0.

81

0.40

0.

00

12.3

8 15

.58

3.20

11

.14

14.0

2 2.

88

0.00

78

.66

99.2

8 20

.62

Chl

oro-

py

riph

os

0.

00

0.41

0.

51

0.10

0.

37

0.47

0.

10

0.00

0.

78

0.98

0.

20

Cop

per

su

lpha

te

0.

00

80.0

0 87

.01

7.01

80

.00

87.0

1 7.

01

Rid

omil

0.

00

40.5

1 43

.51

3.00

40

.51

43.5

1 3.

00

Cap

ton

0.41

0.

82

0.41

0.

41

0.82

0.

41

End

omas

1.

02

1.82

0.

80

1.02

1.

82

0.80

N

eem

oil

1.64

2.

00

0.36

1.

64

2.00

0.

36

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

61

Tab

le 4

.12

Blo

ck-w

ise

Yie

ld G

ap in

Maj

or C

rops

in S

him

la D

istr

ict (

Q/H

a)

Cro

ps

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Cer

eals

A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

Mai

ze

18.0

0 30

.00

12.0

0 27

.00

35.0

0 10

.00

26.0

0 30

.00

4.00

12

.00

19.0

0 6.

00

30.0

0 40

.00

10.0

0

Padd

y 35

.00

38.0

0 3.

00

30.0

0 34

.00

4.00

15

.00

21.0

0 6.

00

20.0

0 25

.00

5.00

10

.00

13.0

0 3.

00

Whe

at

21.0

0 32

.00

11.0

0 22

.00

30.0

0 8.

00

13.0

0 20

.00

7.00

17

.00

23.0

0 6.

00

20.0

0 25

.00

5.00

Bar

ley

15

.00

25.0

0 10

.00

22.0

0 30

.00

8.00

14

.00

17.0

0 3.

00

18.0

0 21

.00

3.00

21

.00

30.0

0 9.

00

Puls

es

Raj

mas

h

10.0

0 15

.00

5.00

12

.00

15.0

0 3.

00

10.0

0 13

.00

3.00

8.

00

12.0

0 4.

00

9.00

12

.00

3.00

Mas

h

6.00

10

.00

4.00

7.

00

10.0

0 3.

00

4.00

7.

00

3.00

6.

00

8.00

2.

00

6.00

9.

00

3.00

Oils

eeds

Mus

tard

4.

00

6.00

2.

00

3.00

6.

00

3.00

3.

00

7.00

4.

00

4.00

7.

00

3.00

4.

50

5.50

1.

00

Veg

etab

les

Po

tato

16

8.00

17

0.00

2.

00

141.

00

166.

00

25.0

0 15

6.00

16

0.00

4.

00

61.0

0 12

0.00

59

.00

86.0

0 11

2.00

26

.00

Peas

10

0.00

12

2.00

22

.00

59.0

0 95

.00

36.0

0 50

.00

82.0

0 32

.00

56.0

0 85

.00

29.0

0 58

.00

96.0

0 38

.00

Tom

ato

229.

00

312.

00

83.0

0 63

.00

150.

00

87.0

0 61

.00

85.0

0 24

.00

312.

00

400.

00

88.0

0 27

0.00

42

5.00

15

5.00

Cab

bage

13

8.00

20

0.00

62

.00

117.

00

213.

00

96.0

0 24

0.00

26

0.00

20

.00

312.

00

425.

00

113.

00

313.

00

406.

00

93.0

0

Cau

liflo

wer

11

3.00

15

0.00

37

.00

113.

00

132.

00

19.0

0 21

9.00

25

9.00

40

.00

200.

00

250.

00

50.0

0 23

1.00

26

8.00

37

.00

Bea

ns

63.0

0 83

.00

20.0

0 56

.00

63.0

0 7.

00

50.0

0 88

.00

38.0

0 50

.00

70.0

0 20

.00

51.0

0 10

0.00

49

.00

Cap

sicu

m

71.0

0 10

0.00

29

.00

10

8.00

14

0.00

32

.00

63

.00

79.0

0 16

.00

Lad

y fi

nger

100.

00

124.

00

24.0

0 82

.00

127.

00

45.0

0

60.0

0 85

.00

25.0

0

Bri

njal

Cuc

umbe

r

88

.00

120.

00

32.0

0

Gin

ger

75.0

0 10

0.00

25

.00

69.0

0 12

8.00

59

.00

69.0

0 12

8.00

59

.00

67

.00

96.0

0 29

.00

Gar

lic

125.

00

150.

00

25.0

0

98.0

0 16

3.00

65

.00

125.

00

175.

00

50.0

0 81

.00

113.

00

32.0

0

Oni

on

100.

00

125.

00

25.0

0

60.0

0 80

.00

20.0

0

Col

ocas

ia

- -

-

125.

00

150.

00

25.0

0

62

Tab

le 4

.12

cont

.....

Cro

ps

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

C

erea

ls M

aize

13

.00

19.0

0 6.

00

13.0

021

.00

8.00

24.0

034

.00

10.0

023

.00

33.0

0 10

.00

32.0

042

.00

10.0

021

.80

30.3

08.

50

Padd

y 12

.00

15.0

0 3.

00

3.00

6.00

3.00

25.0

034

.00

9.00

30.0

040

.00

10.0

00.

000.

000.

0023

.85

29.5

75.

72

Whe

at

13.0

0 19

.00

6.00

10

.00

14.0

04.

0030

.00

33.0

03.

0012

.00

15.0

0 3.

0023

.00

33.0

010

.00

18.1

024

.40

6.30

Bar

ley

12

.00

20.0

0 8.

00

9.00

13.0

04.

0016

.00

28.0

012

.00

15.0

018

.00

3.00

21.0

031

.00

10.0

017

.00

23.5

06.

50

Puls

es

Raj

mas

h

7.00

12

.00

5.00

7.

0015

.00

8.00

10.0

013

.00

3.00

9.00

12.0

0 3.

0013

.00

18.0

05.

009.

0013

.50

4.50

Mas

h

4.00

6.

00

2.00

5.

008.

003.

007.

009.

002.

005.

008.

00

3.00

7.00

10.0

03.

005.

708.

502.

80

Oils

eeds

Mus

tard

5.

00

6.00

1.

00

2.00

4.00

2.00

6.00

8.00

2.00

5.00

7.00

2.

007.

009.

002.

004.

356.

552.

20

Veg

etab

les

Pota

to

50.0

0 71

.00

21.0

0 52

.00

96.0

044

.00

131.

0015

8.00

27.0

081

.00

104.

00

23.0

078

.00

102.

0024

.00

87.7

012

5.90

38.2

0

Peas

55

.00

84.0

0 29

.00

60.0

074

.00

14.0

083

.00

103.

0020

.00

105.

0011

2.00

7.

0048

.00

58.0

010

.00

67.4

091

.10

23.7

0

Tom

ato

-

- -

172.

0021

9.00

47

.00

88.0

018

8.00

100.

0017

0.70

254.

1483

.44

Cab

bage

-

- -

188.

0031

3.00

125.

0012

5.00

200.

00

75.0

018

8.00

273.

0085

.00

202.

6328

6.00

83.3

7

Cau

liflo

wer

-

- -

188.

0026

0.00

72.0

0

225.

0026

5.00

40.0

018

4.20

226.

2942

.09

Bea

ns

- -

- 58

.00

78.0

020

.00

101.

0011

3.00

12

.00

95.0

010

8.00

13.0

065

.50

87.8

822

.38

Cap

sicu

m

- -

- 53

.00

100.

00

47.0

040

.00

84.0

044

.00

67.0

010

0.60

33.6

0

Lad

y fi

nger

-

- -

60.0

080

.00

20.0

075

.50

104.

0028

.50

Bri

njal

-

- -

81.0

013

1.00

50

.00

81.0

013

1.00

50.0

0

Cuc

umbe

r -

- -

100.

0012

5.00

25

.00

81.0

011

7.00

36.0

089

.67

120.

6630

.99

Gin

ger

- -

-

70.0

011

3.00

43.0

0

Gar

lic

- -

- 93

.00

150.

00

57.0

075

.00

125.

0050

.00

99.5

014

6.00

46.5

0

Oni

on

- -

- 51

.00

144.

00

93.0

051

.00

144.

0093

.00

65.5

012

3.25

57.7

5

Col

ocas

ia

- -

- 15

0.00

200.

00

50.0

013

7.50

175.

0037

.50

Not

e: A

= a

ctua

l yie

ld; P

= p

rogr

essi

ve f

arm

er’s

yie

ld; G

= g

ap

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

63

Tab

le 4

.13

Farm

Mac

hine

ry U

se a

nd G

ap in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t (Bl

ock-

wis

e)

Mac

hine

ry

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

% user

s N

umbe

r % user

s N

umbe

r % user

s N

umbe

r % user

s N

umbe

r E

R

G

ap

E

R

Gap

E

R

G

ap

E

R

Gap

M

aize

she

ller

16

126

483

357

1 26

52

26

3

54

556

502

1 20

48

0 46

0 T

hres

her

90

309

387

78

90

240

422

182

40

378

405

27

32

202

288

86

Tra

ctor

50

10

58

48

0

0 5

5 0

5 20

15

0

2 13

0 12

8 Ir

on p

loug

h 95

12

567

1641

4 38

47

100

7995

58

50

2145

50

12

150

1755

0 54

00

5 16

32

480

1152

Sp

ray

pum

p/ P

ower

spr

ayer

9

1208

34

80

2272

95

42

57

2515

17

42

40

1147

5 14

175

2700

56

40

51

8832

47

81

Cha

ff c

utte

r 2

145

4553

44

08

0 0

26

26

1 68

55

35

5467

1

38

576

538

Pow

er ti

ller

3 10

50

3 49

3 0

0 0

0 0

0 31

5 31

5 0

40

264

224

Tab

le 4

.13

cont

...

Mac

hine

ry

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o % user

s N

umbe

r % user

s N

umbe

r % user

s N

umbe

r % user

s N

umbe

r E

R

G

ap

E

R

Gap

E

R

G

ap

E

R

Gap

M

aize

she

ller

5 92

46

30

4538

0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

50

3200

31

50

Thr

eshe

r 46

59

8 11

22

524

0 13

15

2

53

242

502

260

7 11

2 12

80

1168

T

ract

or

1 4

92

88

0 4

8 4

0 5

195

190

2 64

24

0 17

6 Ir

on p

loug

h 10

0 13

11

1782

47

1 8

425

950

525

67

8450

11

700

3250

33

15

200

0 15

200

Spra

y pu

mp/

Pow

er

spra

yer

100

1265

0 13

220

4781

10

0 29

96

4390

47

81

20

5525

68

25

4781

73

19

200

0 19

200

Cha

ff c

utte

r 19

20

70

6831

47

61

0 4

34

30

1 13

0 26

65

2535

3

1440

0 15

200

800

Pow

er ti

ller

0 0

297

297

0 0

0 0

0 0

100

100

2 64

16

0 96

Tab

le 4

.13

cont

....

Mac

hine

ry

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

% u

sers

N

umbe

r %

use

rs

Num

ber

% u

sers

N

umbe

r

E

R

Gap

E

R

G

ap

E

R

Gap

M

aize

she

ller

0 20

62

0 60

0 0

0 12

0 12

0 2.

6 38

8 10

141

9753

T

hres

her

90

418

852

434

13

210

280

70

46.1

0 27

22

5553

28

31

Tra

ctor

3

8 31

23

0

10

50

40

5.6

112

829

717

Iron

plo

ugh

55

3952

60

45

2093

46

99

00

1150

0 16

00

55.9

13

582

7227

1 13

11

Spra

y pu

mp/

Po

wer

spr

ayer

63

17

83

4053

47

81

35

6220

72

50

4781

59

.1

6936

5 64

740

4625

Cha

ff c

utte

r 1

85

1938

18

53

0.1

100

3000

29

00

2.81

17

040

4035

8 23

318

Pow

er ti

ller

0 0

155

155

0 0

250

250

0.5

114

2044

19

38

Not

e: U

= us

e, R

= re

quir

emen

t, G

= ga

p

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

64

Tab

le 4

.14

Blo

ck-w

ise

Prob

lem

s and

Inte

rven

tions

for

Farm

Mac

hine

ry (P

er c

ent o

f Pan

chay

ats)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Mac

hine

ry

Prob

lem

s In

terv

entio

ns

Bas

antp

urC

hirg

aon

Cho

palJ

ubba

lMas

hobr

a Nan

khar

iNar

kand

aRoh

rooR

ampu

rT

heog

Dis

tric

tM

aize

sh

elle

r L

ow e

ffic

ienc

y Im

prov

emen

t in

desi

gn

40

20

30

50

40

20

30

20

10

10

27

N

on-a

vaila

bilit

y in

loca

l mar

ket

Stre

ngth

enin

g th

e in

put s

uppl

y m

echa

nism

50

80

70

25

30

80

70

80

80

80

64.5

Thr

eshe

r N

on s

uita

bilit

y to

hi

lly c

ondi

tions

Im

prov

emen

t in

desi

gn

10

80

60

40

50

70

50

60

40

50

51

H

igh

cost

Su

bsid

y

40

60

50

40

60

50

40

50

80

70

54

Tra

ctor

Pr

oble

m o

f fi

nanc

e C

redi

t fac

ility

and

su

bsid

y 20

20

20

20

30

20

10

20

30

10

20

R

epai

r an

d m

aint

enan

ce

Agr

i wor

ksho

p

50

80

70

60

50

60

50

40

30

30

52

L

ess

effi

cien

t H

ill s

peci

fic

desi

gn

40

90

70

60

50

70

60

50

50

70

61

Iron

plo

ugh

Les

s ef

fici

ent

Tra

inin

g an

d de

mon

stra

tion

of u

se

of f

arm

mac

hine

ry

10

10

150

10

15

20

15

15

10

10

26.5

N

on a

vaila

bilit

y in

loca

l mar

ket

Self

hel

p gr

oups

for

hi

ring

out

far

m

mac

hine

ry

20

30

20

10

10

30

20

20

10

10

18

H

eavy

wei

ght

Les

s w

eigh

t plo

ugh

30

40

30

20

20

40

30

20

10

10

25

Spra

y pu

mp/

Po

wer

sp

raye

r

Prob

lem

of

fina

nce

Cre

dit f

acili

ty a

nd

subs

idy

50

60

50

30

40

60

50

40

70

60

51

N

ot a

vaila

ble

M

ore

supp

ly b

y A

gri.

Dep

t. 20

40

20

20

30

40

30

20

30

10

26

Cha

ff c

utte

r Pr

oble

m o

f fi

nanc

e C

redi

t fac

ility

and

su

bsid

y 10

20

30

20

30

40

30

20

40

30

27

N

ot a

vaila

ble

Su

pply

by

Gov

t. ag

ency

20

30

20

10

20

30

20

30

40

20

24

Pow

er ti

ller

Les

s ef

fici

ent

To

enha

nce

pow

er

effi

cien

cy

20

20

10

20

20

10

10

10

10

10

14

L

ack

of s

uita

ble

mod

el

Dev

elop

ing

hill

spec

ific

and

cos

t ef

fect

ive

mod

els

20

30

20

10

20

20

10

20

10

10

17

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

65

Tab

le 4

.15

Exi

stin

g B

lock

Lev

el S

chem

es fo

r A

gric

ultu

ral D

evel

opm

ent i

n Sh

imla

Dis

tric

t

Blo

ck

No.

B

enef

icia

ries

Fu

nds (

Rs.

Lak

hs)

Stat

us

Cen

tre

Stat

e Pa

ncha

yat

Ban

k

Tot

al

Com

plet

e

Inco

mpl

ete

A

dditi

onal

W

ater

Har

vest

ing

Bas

antp

ur

1.00

25

.00

7.80

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

7.80

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

Chi

rgao

n 27

.00

2797

.00

70.6

0 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

70.6

0 27

.00

0.00

0.

00

Cho

pal

33.0

0 60

0.00

0.

00

0.70

0.

00

5.90

6.

60

33.0

0 0.

00

200.

00

Jubb

al

70.0

0 70

.00

0.00

17

.00

0.00

0.

00

17.0

0 70

.00

0.00

0.

00

Mas

hobr

a 7.

00

47.0

0 0.

00

3.30

0.

00

0.00

3.

30

7.00

0.

00

0.00

Nan

khar

i 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

Nar

kand

a 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

Roh

roo

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

Ram

pur

42.0

0 15

5.00

3.

00

2.00

0.

00

0.00

5.

00

42.0

0 0.

00

0.00

The

og

3.00

50

0.00

21

.00

9.00

0.

00

0.00

30

.00

0.00

0.

00

300.

00

Tot

al

183.

00

4194

.00

102.

40

32.0

0 0.

00

5.90

14

0.30

14

6.00

0.

00

500.

00

Soil/

Lan

d C

onse

rvat

ion

Bas

antp

ur

20.0

0 27

.00

0.00

2.

50

0.00

0.

00

2.50

20

.00

0.00

0.

00

Chi

rgao

n 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

Cho

pal

15.0

0 60

0.00

0.

00

0.20

0.

00

1.83

2.

03

15.0

0 0.

00

100.

00

Jubb

al

115.

00

115.

00

0.00

0.

48

0.00

4.

33

4.81

11

5.00

0.

00

0.00

Mas

hobr

a 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

Nan

khar

i 2.

00

40.0

0 0.

00

4.00

0.

00

0.00

4.

00

2.00

0.

00

0.00

Nar

kand

a 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

Roh

roo

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

Ram

pur

16.0

0 41

3.00

0.

00

3.00

0.

00

0.00

43

.91

16.0

0 0.

00

0.00

The

og

3.00

10

00.0

0 0.

00

15.0

0 0.

00

15.0

0 30

.00

3.00

0.

00

200.

00

Tot

al

171.

00

2195

.00

0.00

25

.18

0.00

21

.16

87.2

5 17

1.00

0.

00

300.

00

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

66

Tab

le 4

.15

cont

....

Blo

ck

No.

B

enef

icia

ries

Fu

nds (

Rs.

Lak

hs)

Stat

us

Cen

tre

St

ate

Pa

ncha

yat

Ban

k T

otal

C

ompl

ete

In

com

plet

e

Add

ition

al

Oth

er E

xist

ing

Agr

icul

tura

l Sch

emes

B

asan

tpur

5

1200

20

3

0.00

0.

00

23

1 4

20

Chi

rgao

n -

- 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

- -

-

Cho

pal

2 50

00

9 1

0.00

0.

00

10

1 1

5

Jubb

al

10

6500

18

2

0.00

0.

00

20

10

- -

Mas

hobr

a 4

1000

14

2

0.00

0.

00

14

- -

-

Nan

khar

i -

- 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

- -

-

Nar

kand

a 5

1003

0 9.

5 2.

5 0.

00

0.00

12

5

- 20

0

Roh

roo

20

3444

0.

00

5 0.

00

0.00

5

- -

5

Ram

pur

(HT

M)

2 88

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

12.4

4 12

.44

- -

-

The

og

5 50

00

22.5

7.

5 0.

00

0.00

30

.00

- -

100

Tot

al

53

3226

2 93

23

0.

00

12.4

4 12

6.44

17

4

330

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

67

Table 4.16 Status of Completed Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise)

Blocks/ schemes Number Amount spent ( Rs. lakhs)

No. of villages covered

Beneficiaries (No.)

Command area (Ha)

Actual area (Ha)

Basantpur 132 205.67 124 1141 270.87 270

Lift 11 85.23 14 220 98.46 98

Tubewell 0 - - - - -

Kuhl 21 70.44 21 421 72.41 72

Canal 0 - - - - -

Tank 100 50 90 500 100 100

Chirgaon 22 170.61 27 2648.50 815.29 39.07

Lift 2 29.31 2 16.5 39.07 -

Tubewell - - - - - -

Kuhl 20 141.30 25 2632 776.22 776.22

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

Chopal 42 238.16 56 8245 1005.54 675.5

Lift 1 - - - - -

Tubewell - - 56 8245 1005.54 675.5

Kuhl 41 238.16 - - - -

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

Other - - - - - -

Jubbal 27 126.80 61 492 430.73 197.39

Lift 4 36.60 9 82 55.12 34.15


Kuhl 23 90 52 410 375.61 163.24

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

Mashobra 9 200 12 1200 161.91 74.11

Lift - - - - - -


Kuhl 9 200 12 1200 161.91 74.11

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

68

Table 4.16 cont…

Blocks/ schemes Number Amount spent (Rs. lakhs)

No. of villages covered

Beneficiaries (No.)

Command area (Ha)

Actual area (Ha)

Nankhari 14 14 19 225 90 65

Lift - - - - - -


Kuhl 4 10 10 200 75 50

Canal - - - - - -

Tank 10 4 9 25 15 15

Narkanda 10 10 100 200 - 200

Lift - - - - - -


Kuhl 10 10 100 200 - 200

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

Rohroo 33 113.97 77 765 169.60 169.60

Lift 4 53.73 7 422 92.99 92.99


Kuhl 6 54.64 44 283 63.61 63.31

Canal - - - - - -

Tank 23 5.6 26 60 13 13

Rampur 49 185.62 90 3714 7987.5 1762.5

Lift - - - - - -


Kuhl 24 136.93 65 3188 7498 1273

Canal - - - - - -

Tank 25 48.69 25 526 489.5 489.5

Theog 89 300 88 226 181.81 105.15

Lift 5 250 8 142 139.81 75.15


Kuhl - - - - - -

Canal - - - - - -

Tank 84 50 80 84 42 30

District 427 1564.63 655 18856.50 11113.25 4334.54

Lift 27 454.87 40 882.5 425.45 339.36


Kuhl 158 951.47 385 16779 10028.30 3347.68

Canal - - - - - -

Tank 242 158.29 230 1195 659.50 647.5 Source: Field survey, 2007-08

69

Tab

le 4

.17

Stat

us o

f Fun

ctio

nal a

nd N

on-F

unct

iona

l Irr

igat

ion

Sche

mes

in S

him

la D

istr

ict (

Blo

ck-w

ise)

Blo

cks/

sc

hem

es

Func

tiona

l N

on-f

unct

iona

l N

o.

Am

ount

sp

ent

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

No.

of

villa

ges

cove

red

Ben

efic

iari

es

Com

man

d ar

ea (H

a)

Act

ual

area

(Ha)

No.

A

mou

nt

spen

t(R

s. L

akhs

)

No.

of

villa

ges

cove

red

Ben

efic

iari

es

Com

man

d ar

ea (H

a)

Act

ual

area

(Ha)

Bas

antp

ur

71

- -

- -

172

61

- -

- -

98

Lif

t 6

- -

- -

60

5 -

- -

- 38

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l 15

-

- -

- 62

6

- -

- -

10

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k 50

-

- -

- 50

50

-

- -

- 50

Chi

rgao

n 22

17

0.61

27

27

97

815.

29

815.

29

- -

- -

- -

Lif

t 2

29.3

1 2

165

39.0

7 39

.07

- -

- -

- -

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l 20

14

1.30

25

26

32

776.

22

776.

22

- -

- -

- -

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Cho

pal

32

189.

90

42

6355

85

4.38

57

8 9

53.4

5 14

21

00

191.

64

191.

64

Lif

t 1

5.22

1

210

40.4

8 38

-

- -

- -

-

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l 31

18

4.68

41

61

45

813.

9 54

0 9

53.4

5 14

21

00

191.

64

191.

64

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k -

- -

- -

- -

-

70

Tab

le 4

.17

cont

…

Blo

cks/

sc

hem

es

Func

tiona

l N

on-F

unct

iona

l

No.

A

mou

nt

spen

t(R

s. L

akhs

)

No.

of

villa

ges

cove

red

Ben

efic

iari

es

Com

man

d ar

ea (H

a)

Act

ual

area

(Ha)

No.

A

mou

nt

spen

t(R

s. L

akhs

)

No.

of

villa

ges

cove

red

Ben

efic

iari

es

Com

man

d ar

ea (H

a)

Act

ual

area

(Ha)

Jubb

al

18

60.6

0 34

32

0 19

7.39

19

7.39

9

66

17

192

233.

34

- L

ift

2 28

.60

6 60

34

.15

34.1

5 2

8 3

22

20.9

7 -

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- K

uhl

16

32

28

260

163.

24

163.

24

7 58

14

17

0 21

2.37

-

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- M

asho

bra

9 20

0 12

12

00

161.

91

74.1

1 -

- -

- -

- L

ift

9 20

0 12

12

00

161.

91

74.1

1 -

- -

- -

- T

ubew

ell

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Kuh

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- C

anal

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- T

ank

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Nan

khar

i 11

5 15

26

69

0 13

5 13

5 -

- -

- -

- L

ift

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- K

uhl

5 11

17

66

5 12

0 12

0 -

- -

- -

- C

anal

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- T

ank

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

71

Tab

le 4

.17

cont

…

Blo

cks/

sc

hem

es

Func

tiona

l N

on-F

unct

iona

l N

o.

Am

ount

sp

ent

(Rs.

lakh

s)

No.

of

villa

ges

cove

red

Ben

efic

iari

es

Com

man

d ar

ea

(Ha)

A

ctua

l ar

ea(H

a)

No.

A

mou

nt

spen

t(R

s. L

akhs

)

No.

of

villa

ges

cove

red

Ben

efic

iari

es

Com

man

d ar

ea (H

a)

Act

ual

area

(Ha)

Nar

kand

a 10

10

- 20

0 20

0

- -

- -

-

Lif

t

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Tub

ewel

l

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l

- 10

-

200

200

- -

- -

- -

Can

al

10

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Tan

k

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Roh

roo

8 97

.82

12

705

144.

60

144.

60

- -

- -

- -

Lif

t 4

53.7

3 7

422

92.9

9 92

.99

- -

- -

- -

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l 4

44.0

9 5

283

51.6

1 51

.61

- -

- -

- -

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Ram

pur

49

185.

62

90

668

536.

50

536.

60

- -

- -

- -

Lif

t -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l 24

13

6.93

65

14

2 47

47

-

- -

- -

-

Can

al

- -

- 52

6 -

- -

- -

- -

-

Tan

k 25

48

.69

25

- 48

9.50

48

9.50

-

- -

- -

-

72

Tab

le 4

.17

cont

…

Blo

cks/

sc

hem

es

Func

tiona

l N

on-F

unct

iona

l N

o.

Am

ount

sp

ent

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

No.

of

villa

ges

cove

red

Ben

efic

iari

es

Com

man

d ar

ea (H

a)

Act

ual

area

(Ha)

No.

A

mou

nt

spen

t(R

s. L

akhs

)

No.

of

villa

ges

cove

red

Ben

efic

iari

es

Com

man

d ar

ea (H

a)

Act

ual

area

(Ha)

The

og89

30

0 88

22

6 18

1.81

10

5.15

-

- -

- -

-

Lif

t 5

250

8 14

2 13

9.81

75

.15

- -

- -

- -

Tub

ewel

l -

50

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Kuh

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k 84

-

80

84

42

30

- -

- -

- -

Dis

tric

t42

3 21

9.55

34

1 12

961

3226

.88

- 79

11

9.45

31

21

3 42

4.98

19

1.64

Lif

t 29

56

6.86

36

21

99

508.

41

413.

47

7 8

3 22

20

.97

-

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l 12

5 55

0 19

1 10

127

2171

.97

1960

.07

22

111.

45

28

191

404.

01

191.

64

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k 26

9 10

2.69

11

4 63

5 54

6.50

53

4.50

50

-

- -

- -

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

73

Tab

le 4

.18

Blo

ck-w

ise

Stat

us o

f Irr

igat

ion

Sche

mes

(On-

goin

g an

d Po

tent

ial)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Blo

ck/

Sche

me

Ong

oing

sche

mes

Po

tent

ial f

or n

ew sc

hem

es

No.

A

mou

nt

requ

ired

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

Vill

ages

co

vere

d B

enef

icia

ries

(N

o.)

Com

man

d

area

(Ha)

No.

A

mou

nt

requ

ired

( Rs.

Lakh

s)

Vill

ages

co

vere

d B

enef

icia

ries

(No.

)

Com

man

d ar

ea(H

a)

Bas

antp

ur

2 33

.13

2 30

8

130

340

40

1100

20

0 L

ift

2 33

.13

2 30

8

10

90

10

200

40

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- K

uhl

- -

- -

- 20

15

0 20

40

0 60

C

anal

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- T

ank

- -

- -

- 10

0 10

0 10

50

0 10

0 C

hirg

aon

4 14

6.04

4

515

228.

03

- -

- -

- L

ift

1 38

.40

1 11

5 34

.75

- -

- -

- T

ubew

ell

- -

-

- -

- -

- -

Kuh

l 3

107.

64

3 40

0 19

3.28

-

- -

- -

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- C

hopa

l -

- -

- -

104

440

108

1120

0 10

50

Lif

t -

- -

- -

4 40

8

1200

15

0 T

ubew

ell

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l -

- -

- -

50

250

50

5000

60

0 C

anal

-

- -

- -

T

ank

- -

- -

- 50

15

0 50

50

00

300

Jubb

al

71

63.8

1 73

78

39

5.13

10

11

5490

.08

430

4000

57

27.8

2 L

ift

1 46

3

8 12

8 11

49

90.0

8 23

0 30

00

5627

.82

Tub

ewel

l -

-

-

- -

- -

- K

uhl

- -

- -

- -

- -

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k 70

17

.81

70

70

2617

.13

1000

50

0 20

0 10

00

100

74

Tab

le 4

.18

cont

...

Mas

hobr

a 1

19.2

7 3

300

13.6

8 -

- -

- -

Lif

t 1

19.2

7 3

300

13.6

8 -

- -

- -

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Nan

khar

i -

- -

- -

36

62

27

270

87

Lif

t -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l -

- -

- -

6 50

15

16

5 72

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k -

- -

- -

30

12

12

105

15

Nar

kand

a 1

- -

- -

5 80

15

15

0 40

Lif

t 1

- -

- -

-

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

5 80

15

15

0 40

Kuh

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Roh

roo

5 13

7.36

7

573

165.

92

1 27

13

13

0 40

Lif

t 1

68.5

7 1

102

49.0

6 -

- -

- -

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l 4

68.7

9 6

471

116.

86

1 27

13

13

0 40

Can

al

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

75

Tab

le: 4

.18

cont

...

Ram

pur

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Lif

t -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- T

ubew

ell

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Kuh

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- C

anal

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- T

ank

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

The

og2

100

10

75

82.3

1 10

51

0 85

0 45

00

2050

L

ift

2 10

0 10

75

82

.31

10

500

50

1500

50

T

ubew

ell

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Kuh

l -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- C

anal

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- T

ank

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Dis

tric

t86

49

9.61

99

15

71

893.

07

3297

69

49.0

8 14

83

2135

0 91

94.8

2 L

ift

9 30

5.37

20

63

0 31

5.80

35

56

20.0

8 29

8 59

00

5867

.82

Tub

ewel

l -

- -

- -

5 80

15

15

0 40

K

uhl

7 17

6.43

9

871

310.

14

77

477

98

5695

77

2 C

anal

-

- -

-

1000

5

400

1500

10

00

Tan

k 70

17

.81

70

70

267.

13

2180

76

7 67

2 81

05

1515

So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

76

Table 4.19 Block-wise Irrigation Schemes: Repair and Maintenance (Rs. Lakhs) in Shimla District

Block/schemes Functional Non-functional No. Annual

funds required

Funds required for complete overhauling

No. Annual funds required


Basantpur 71 1.50 9 61 0.54 11

Lift 6 0.50 2 5 0.15 2


Kuhl 15 0.80 5 6 0.24 6

Canal - - - - - -

Tank 50 0.20 2 50 0.15 3

Chirgaon 1 19 95 1 2 10

Lift 1 19 95 1 2 10


Kuhl - - - - - -

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

Chopal 22 28 378 9 110 600

Lift 1 3 38 - - -


Kuhl 21 25 340 9 110 600

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

Jubbal 18 23 250 9 1.50 12.50

Lift 2 3 50 2 0.50 2.50


Kuhl 16 20 200 7 1 10

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

Mashobra 9 9 18 - - -

Lift 9 9 18 - - -


Kuhl - - - - - -

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

Nankheri 5 13 55 1 15 150

Lift - - - 1 15 150


Kuhl 5 13 55 - - -

Canal - - - - - -

Tank - - - - - -

77

Table 4.19 cont...

Block/schemes Functional Non-functional No. Annual

funds required


No. Annual funds required


Narkanda 10 30 400 - - - Lift - - - - - - Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl 10 30 400 Canal - - - - - - Tank - - - - - - Other - - - - - -

Rohroo 13 10 50 10 10 50 Lift 1 2 10 Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl 2 2 10 10 10 50 Canal - - - - - - Tank 10 6 30

Rampur 15 2.20 12 Lift - - - - - - Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl 5 2 10 Canal - - - - - - Tank 10 0.20 2

Theog 5 19.50 159.25 - - - Lift 5 19.50 159.25 - - - Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl - - - - - - Canal - - - - - - Tank - - - - - -

District 169 155.20 1436.25 91 139.04 853.50 Lift 25 56 382.25 9 17.65 164.50 Tubewell - - - - - - Kuhl 74 92.80 1020 32 121.24 666 Canal - - - - - - Tank 70 6.40 34 50 0.15 23


78

Tab

le 4

.20

Blo

ck-w

ise

Var

ieta

l and

Tec

hnol

ogic

al P

robl

ems o

f Mai

n C

rops

(Per

cen

t of P

anch

ayat

s) in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t

Sr.

No.

C

rops

/ Pro

blem

s B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

eri

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

M

aize

1 L

ack

of h

igh

yiel

ding

va

riet

y/ c

ompo

site

se

eds

20

30

40

20

10

40

20

30

40

20

27

2 L

ack

of ir

riga

tion

in

drou

ght p

erio

d 60

10

30

20

40

50

40

20

50

30

35

3 W

ild a

nim

als

men

ace

80

60

50

80

50

50

60

80

70

80

66

4 St

ray

cattl

e pr

oble

ms

40

30

20

30

20

30

20

30

40

50

31

5 L

ack

of s

oil t

estin

g fa

cilit

ies

50

60

40

30

40

30

30

40

30

20

37

6 A

ttack

of

inse

ct, p

est,

dise

ases

and

wee

d in

fest

atio

n

60

20

30

20

30

40

20

30

40

30

32

Pa

ddy

1 So

il er

osio

n fr

om

khud

s 20

30

60

40

10

20

40

60

20

33.3

3

2 Ir

riga

tion

prob

lem

s

60

20

40

30

60

80

30

20

50

43

.33

3 A

ttack

of

inse

ct, p

est,

dise

ases

and

wee

d in

fest

atio

n

30

20

30

20

10

20

30

20

40

24

.44

4 N

on-a

vaila

bilit

y of

im

prov

ed v

arie

ties

50

60

40

30

40

50

30

30

40

41.1

1

5 Po

or k

now

ledg

e ab

out

the

tech

nica

l kno

w-

how

40

40

30

20

40

30

40

20

30

32

.11

6 L

osse

s in

sto

rage

30

20

30

30

30

20

20

30

40

27.7

8

79

Table 4.20 cont....

Wheat

1 Lack of improved variety seeds

30 40 30 20 30 40 30 40 30 30 32

2 Drought conditions/ Lack of irrigation facilities

60 20 20 20 30 40 30 20 30 20 29

3 Weed infestation and attack of insect pest and diseases

50 50 30 60 40 30 20 30 40 10 36

4 Planting techniques are not followed

40 20 30 20 30 40 30 40 40 30 32

5 Monkey and animal menace

40 30 20 40 20 20 30 40 40 40 32

Barley 1 Lack of improved

variety seeds 40 50 40 30 40 30 40 50 40 40 40

2 Lack of technical know-how

40 40 30 30 40 30 30 40 30 30 34

3 Weed infestation 20 10 20 20 20 20 30 30 40 20 23 4 Weed infestation and

attack of insect, pest and diseases

20 10 20 30 20 20 20 30 40 20 23

Pulses 1 Lack of improved

variety and quality seeds

40 30 30 20 30 40 40 30 40 30 33


30 30 30 20 30 30 30 40 40 30 31

3 Weed infestation and attack of insect, pest and diseases

40 10 20 30 20 10 10 20 30 20 21

4 Lack of irrigation facilities

30 5 10 20 10 10 5 10 20 5 12.5

5 Farmers are still growing traditional varieties

40 50 40 30 40 50 30 40 30 20 37

6 Low yield due to imbalanced use of phosphorus fertilizers

50 40 30 50 30 30 40 50 40 50 41

80

Table 4.20 cont...

Oilseeds 1 Lack of improved

variety seeds 60 50 50 30 20 40 30 50 50 40 42


50 40 40 30 30 30 30 40 40 30 36

3 Non-availability of timely & quality seeds

30 40 40 20 20 30 30 30 30 20 29

4 Attack of insect, pest and diseases

40 20 30 30 20 10 20 10 20 10 21

5 Stray cattle problem

40 20 10 20 20 10 20 30 40 20 23

6 Farmers still practising traditional varieties and practices

50 70 60 40 50 60 50 60 50 30 52

Vegetables 1 Lack of improved

variety seeds 40 70 60 40 50 40 30 50 50 20 45


30 60 50 30 50 30 20 40 40 20 37

3 Lack of timely availability of seeds

30 40 30 20 30 20 10 30 30 30 27

4 Farmers are practising the monoculture with tomato

80 60 80 60 50 40 40 60 70 60 60

5 Rainfed conditions 80 50 60 70 50 40 40 60 80 50 58 6 Attack of insect,

pest and diseases 70 30 20 30 40 50 60 50 70 40 46

7 Yield is very poor in some areas of the district

60 40 30 40 50 60 70 40 60 30 48

81

Table 4.20 cont...

Potato 1 Non-availability of

improved variety seeds

40 60 50 40 30 40 40 60 50 20 43


50 40 40 30 40 50 50 60 50 20 43

3 Irrigation problem 60 10 20 20 10 20 10 20 30 10 21 4 Attack of insect,


5 Poor yielding varieties

20 50 60 30 20 40 40 50 60 20 39

Peas 1 Non-availability of

improved variety seeds

50 60 60 40 30 50 50 60 70 30 50


40 20 30 40 20 20 20 30 40 20 28

3 High prices of seed in the market

50 60 70 30 30 40 40 50 60 40 47

Tomato 1 Lack of improved

variety of seeds 40 50 40 20 30 30 30 40 50 20 35


40 50 40 50 40 60 50 40 50 30 45

3 Lack of irrigation facilities

60 50 40 40 50 60 50 40 60 40 49

4 Monoculture 10 5 30 10 40 5 5 20 20 10 15.5 5 Non availability of

staking material 50 5 20 30 40 5 5 20 20 10 20.5


60 50 40 50 60 60 60 50 40 50 52

Table 4.20 cont...

Cabbage/ Cauliflower

1 Lack of improved variety of seed

60 70 60 40 30 50 40 60 50 20 48


40 50 50 40 40 40 30 50 50 30 42

3 Attack of insect, pest and diseases and weed infestation

80 40 50 50 30 40 30 40 60 30 45

Capsicum 1 Attack of insect


Lady finger 1 Attack of insect,



82

Tab

le 4

.21

Blo

ck-w

ise

Var

ieta

l and

Tec

hnol

ogic

al In

terv

entio

ns fo

r Im

prov

ing

Prod

uctio

n of

Maj

or C

rops

(Per

cen

t of

Panc

haya

ts) i

n Sh

imla

Dis

tric

t

Sr.

No.

C

rops

/ Int

erve

ntio

ns

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

kher

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

M

aize

1 T

imel

y su

pply

of

HY

Vs

seed

s su

itabl

e to

are

a

20

30

40

20

10

40

20

30

40

20

27

2 St

reng

then

ing

of

irri

gatio

n sy

stem

: -C

onst

ruct

ion

of w

ater

ha

rves

ting

tank

, pe

rcol

atio

n po

nd, e

tc.

-Ins

talla

tion

&

impr

ovem

ent o

f lif

t ir

riga

tion

sche

mes

60

10

30

20

40

50

40

20

50

30

35

3 Fe

ncin

g of

the

culti

vate

d la

nd,

ster

iliza

tion

prog

ram

me

for

mon

key

and

open

ing

up o

f pl

aces

like

m

onke

y vi

har,

etc.

80

60

50

80

50

50

60

80

70

80

66

4 O

peni

ng u

p of

pla

ces

like

gosa

dan

and

sim

ilar

for

othe

r an

imal

s

40

30

20

30

20

30

20

30

40

50

31

5 Pr

ovis

ion

of f

acili

ties

and

man

pow

er f

or s

oil

test

ing

50

60

40

30

40

30

30

40

30

20

37

6 A

war

enes

s ab

out

mec

hani

cal ,

che

mic

al

and

biol

ogic

al c

ontr

ol

of in

sect

pes

t

60

20

30

20

30

40

20

30

40

30

32

83

Table 4.21 cont…

Paddy 1 Construction of spur, check dams,

etc. in the outskirts of cultivated area.

20 30 60 40 10 20 40 60 20 33.33

2 Improvement in irrigation facilities / strengthening of existing irrigation system & installation, improvement of irrigation schemes.

60 20 40 30 60 80 30 20 50 43.33

3 Awareness about mechanical , chemical and biological control of insect pest

30 20 30 20 10 20 30 20 40 24.44

4 Timely provision of HYVs seed suitable to area

50 60 40 30 40 50 30 30 40 41.11

5 Organization of demonstration and training camps on latest technology of paddy cultivation

40 40 30 20 40 30 40 20 30 32.11

6 Organization of training on storage technology

30 20 30 30 30 20 20 30 40 27.78

Wheat 1 Timely provision of HYVs seeds 30 40 30 20 30 40 30 40 30 30 32 2 Provision of sufficient irrigation

facilities through strengthening lift irrigation schemes.

60 20 20 20 30 40 30 20 30 20 29

3 Awareness of farmers by demonstration/training

50 50 30 60 40 30 20 30 40 10 36

4 Fencing of the cultivated land, sterilization programme for monkey

40 30 20 40 20 20 30 40 40 40 32

Barley 1 Timely provision of improved

HYVs seed the farmers 40 50 40 30 40 30 40 50 40 40 40

2 Demonstration, training and exposure visits

40 40 30 30 40 30 30 40 30 30 34

3 Awareness about herbicide use 20 10 20 20 20 20 30 30 40 20 23 4 Awareness about pest control 20 10 20 30 20 20 20 30 40 20 23 Pulses 1 Provision of HYVs and quality

seeds 40 30 30 20 30 40 40 30 40 30 33

2 Technical know-how by field demonstrations, trainings & exposure visits

30 30 30 20 30 30 30 40 40 30 31

3 Awareness about pest control through demonstration/training and soil testing facilities

40 10 20 30 20 10 10 20 30 20 21

4 Provision of proper and improved irrigation facilities

30 5 10 20 10 10 5 10 20 5 12.5

5 Awareness about latest varieties and their comparative advantage

40 50 40 30 40 50 30 40 30 20 37

6 Timely supply & use of fertilizers 50 40 30 50 30 30 40 50 40 50 41 Oilseeds 1 Timely supply of HYVs and

quality seeds 60 50 50 30 20 40 30 50 50 40 42

2 Awareness about the technical 50 40 40 30 30 30 30 40 40 30 36

84

know-how 3 Supply of good quality seeds to the

farmers 30 40 40 20 20 30 30 30 30 20 29

4 Awareness about pest/disease control

40 20 30 30 20 10 20 10 20 10 21

5 Fencing of the cultivated land, opening up of gosadan and tagging of the animals

40 20 10 20 20 10 20 30 40 20 23

6 Awareness about technical know-how and comparative advantage of the improved HYVs by field demonstrations and trainings.

50 70 60 40 50 60 50 60 50 30 52

Vegetables 1 Strengthening the input supply

mechanism 40 70 60 40 50 40 30 50 50 20 45

2 Awareness about the technical know-how through field demonstration and trainings

30 60 50 30 50 30 20 40 40 20 37

3 Strengthening of input supply mechanism

30 40 30 20 30 20 10 30 30 30 27

4 Awareness about the economic returns of other vegetable crops for diversification

80 60 80 60 50 40 40 60 70 60 60

5 Irrigation facilities through construction of water harvesting tanks and for protected cultivations

80 50 60 70 50 40 40 60 80 50 58

6 Awareness about IPM techniques through trainings, demonstrations and exposure visits

70 30 20 30 40 50 60 50 70 40 46

7 Provision of proper package and practices of different crops to the farmers

60 40 30 40 50 60 70 40 60 30 48

Potato 1 Strengthening of input supply

mechanism 40 60 50 40 30 40 40 60 50 20 43

2 Facilities for mobility of extension staff

50 40 40 30 40 50 50 60 50 20 43

3 Irrigation facilities through construction of water harvesting tanks and for protected cultivation

60 10 20 20 10 20 10 20 30 10 21

4 Awareness about IPM techniques through trainings, demonstrations and exposure visits

50 10 20 20 30 30 30 20 40 40 29

5 R & D efforts to develop area specific varieties

20 50 60 30 20 40 40 50 60 20 39

Peas (green) 1 Timely availability of HYV and

quality seeds 50 60 60 40 30 50 50 60 70 30 50

2 Training & demonstration about mechanical , chemical and biological control of the pest management

40 20 30 40 20 20 20 30 40 20 28

3 Subsidizing seeds and improving input supply mechanism

50 60 70 30 30 40 40 50 60 40 47

Tomato

85

1 Timely supply of HYV and quality seeds and strengthening of input supply mechanism

40 50 40 20 30 30 30 40 50 20 35

2 Facilities for mobility of extension staff and provision of technical know-how

40 50 40 50 40 60 50 40 50 30 45

3 Irrigation facilities through construction of water harvesting tanks and for protected cultivations

60 50 40 40 50 60 50 40 60 40 49

4 Awareness about the economic returns of other vegetable crops for diversification

10 5 30 10 40 5 5 20 20 10 15.5

5 Provision of proper staking material about other relevant sources to farmers

50 5 20 30 40 5 5 20 20 10 20.5

6 Awareness about mechanical , chemical and biological control of insect pest

60 50 40 50 60 60 60 50 40 50 52

Cabbage/ Cauliflower 1 Timely supply of HYVs and

quality seeds by improving input supply mechanism

60 70 60 40 30 50 40 60 50 20 48

2 Demonstration and training camps for providing technical know-how and transportation facilities to extension workers

40 50 50 40 40 40 30 50 50 30 42

3 Mechanical , chemical and biological control of pests and weeds

80 40 50 50 30 40 30 40 60 30 45

Capsicum 1 Awareness and training about

mechanical , chemical and biological control of the pests and diseases

50 40 50 40 30 40 40 50 40 60 44

Lady finger 1 Awareness about mechanical ,

chemical and biological control 40 30 40 30 20 30 30 40 30 50 34


86

Tab

le 4

.22

Blo

ck-w

ise

Est

imat

ed Y

ield

s and

Yie

ld G

aps i

n C

rops

of S

him

la D

istr

ict (

Q/ H

a)

Cro

ps

Part

icul

ars

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t M

aize

E

xper

imen

t st

atio

n yi

eld

40

45.0

40

.0

40.0

45

.0

40.0

40

.0

45.0

45

.0

45.0

42

.50

Pr

ogre

ssiv

e

farm

er’s

yie

lds

30

35.0

30

.0

19.0

40

.0

19.0

21

.0

34.0

33

.0

42.0

30

.3

A

ctua

l/

aver

age

yiel

d

18.0

27

.0

26.0

12

.0

30.0

13

.0

13.0

24

.0

23.0

32

.0

21.8

Yi

eld

Gap

s

I

Yie

ld g

ap (

1-3)

22

.0

18.0

14

.0

28.0

15

.0

27.0

27

.0

21.0

22

.0

13.0

40

.32

II

Y

ield

gap

(2-

3)

12.0

8.

0 4.

0 7.

0 10

.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

10

.0

10.0

8.

5

Padd

y E

xper

imen

t st

atio

n yi

eld

44.0

44

.0

44.0

44

.0

30.0

30

.0

30.0

44

.0

44.0

-

35.4

0

Pr

ogre

ssiv

e

farm

er’s

yie

lds

38.0

34

.0

21.0

25

.0

13.0

15

.0

6.0

34.0

40

.0

29

.6

A

ctua

l/

aver

age

yiel

d 35

.0

30.0

15

.0

20.0

10

.0

12.0

3.

0 25

.0

30.0

23.9

Yi

eld

Gap

s

I

Yie

ld g

ap (

1-3)

9.

0 14

.0

29.0

24

.0

20.0

18

.0

27.0

19

.0

14.0

33.0

2

II

Y

ield

gap

(2-

3)

3.0

4.0

6.0

5.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

9.0

10.0

0.

0 5.

7

Whe

at

Exp

erim

ent

stat

ion

yiel

d 40

.0

40.0

30

.0

30.0

40

.0

30.0

30

.0

40.0

30

.0

40.0

35

.00

Pr

ogre

ssiv

e

farm

er’s

yie

lds

32.0

30

.0

20.0

23

.0

25.0

19

.0

14.0

33

.0

15.0

33

.0

24.4

A

ctua

l/

aver

age

yiel

d 21

.0

22.0

13

.0

17.0

20

.0

13.0

10

.0

30.0

12

.0

23.0

18

.1

Yi

eld

Gap

s

I

Yie

ld g

ap (

1-3)

19

.0

18.0

17

.0

13.0

20

.0

17.0

20

.0

10.0

18

.0

17.0

33

.19

II

Y

ield

gap

(2-

3)

11.0

8.

0 7.

0 6.

0 5.

0 6.

0 4.

0 3.

0 3.

0 10

.0

6.3

Bar

ley

Exp

erim

ent

stat

ion

yiel

d 30

.0

40.0

30

.0

30.0

40

.0

30.0

30

.0

30.0

30

.0

40.0

33

.00

Pr

ogre

ssiv

e

farm

er’s

yie

lds

25.0

30

.0

17.0

21

.0

30.0

20

.0

13.0

28

.0

18.0

31

.0

23.5

A

ctua

l/

aver

age

yiel

d 15

.0

22.0

14

.0

18.0

21

.0

12.0

9.

0 16

.0

15.0

21

.0

17.0

87

Yi

eld

Gap

s

I

Yie

ld g

ap (

1-3)

15

.0

18.0

16

.0

12.0

19

.0

18.0

21

.0

14.0

15

.0

19.0

31

.30

II

Y

ield

gap

(2-

3)

10.0

8.

0 3.

0 3.

0 9.

0 8.

0 4.

0 12

.0

3.0

10.0

6.

5

Raj

mas

h E

xper

imen

t st

atio

n yi

eld

20.0

20

.0

20.0

20

.0

20.0

20

.0

20.0

20

.0

20.0

20

.0

20.0

Pr

ogre

ssiv

e

farm

er’s

yie

lds

15.0

15

.0

13.0

12

.0

12.0

12

.0

15.0

13

.0

12.0

18

.0

13.5

A

ctua

l/

aver

age

yiel

d 10

.0

12.0

10

.0

8.0

9.0

7.0

7.0

10.0

9.

0 13

.0

9.0

Yi

eld

Gap

s

I

Yie

ld g

ap (

1-3)

10

.0

8.0

10.0

12

.0

11.0

13

.0

13.0

10

.0

11.0

7.

0 11

.0

II

Y

ield

gap

(2-

3)

5.0

3.0

3.0

4.0

3.0

5.0

8.0

3.0

3.0

5.0

4.5

Mun

g/

Mas

h E

xper

imen

t st

atio

n yi

eld

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93

Chapter- V

ALLIED AGRICULTURAL SECTORS

The economy of Himachal Pradesh is predominantly dependent upon agriculture and in the absence of strong industrial base, any fluctuations in the agriculture and its allied sectors like horticulture, animal husbandry, fishery, bee-keeping, sericulture, etc., cause serious implications for overall economic growth changes in economic growth also. During 2006-07 about 17.80 per cent of state income was contributed by agriculture sector alone. The structural composition of the state economy witnessed significant changes during the decade. The share of agriculture including horticulture and animal husbandry in state GDP has declined from 26.5 per cent in 1990-91 to 17.80 per cent in 2006-07 yet, the agriculture sector continues to occupy a significant place in the state economy and Shimla district is no exception. The district contributed 4.35 per cent in food grains, 16.19 per cent in vegetables, 24.25 per cent in horticultural produce and more than 11 per cent in milk and milk production of the state. Therefore, a high growth rate of 7.18 per cent per annum in net state domestic product originating from agricultural sector was contributed by this district especially from horticulture and livestock sectors. Keeping in view this background, the present chapter discusses different aspects such as existing status, potential, problems/ constraints and interventions that restrict the potential growth of these sectors in different blocks of the district.

5.1 Horticulture

The rich diversity of agro-climatic conditions, topographical variations and altitudinal differences coupled with fertile deep and well drained soils favour the cultivation of temperate to sub-tropical fruits like apple, pear, stone fruits, nuts to sub-tropical fruits like mango and chikoo, etc.

The district is known for fruit crops, as block wise area under different fruit crops in Shimla district (Table 5.1) revealed that the share of area under fruit crops was 36.99 per cent of the total cropped area. The rest of the area was under agricultural crops. Apple (vigorous + spur) attained maximum area 83.11 per cent (29,092.27 ha + 1,574.01 ha, respectively) among all the fruit crops followed by almond (1,523 ha), pear (1,481.14 ha), apricot (669.16 ha.), plum (600.11 ha) and kagzi lime (460.26 ha.), etc.

However, among different blocks, Jubbal had maximum area under apple vigorous and apple spur (5,857.05 and 286.54 ha, respectively) whereas, at block level, apple had maximum acreage in all blocks. However, no particular crop had the second highest acreage in different blocks. In Basantpur, the crop second in acreage was kagzi lime, in Chirgaon, apple spur (153.15 ha) was the second crop with highest acreage followed by almond (131.83 ha.). Similar pattern was observed in Chopal and Narkanda whereas in Jubbal, second highest area was under pear (456.40 ha) followed by apple spur (286.54 ha.). In Mashobra, pear (255.69 ha.) attained the second

94

highest area followed by almond (161.49 ha.). In case of Nankhari, almond (93.0 ha.) had the second highest area followed by apple spur. In Rohroo, area under apple spur (198.86 ha) was the second highest followed by apricot (90.36 ha). In Rampur, the second position in area was shared by apple spur, plum and almond at 100 ha followed by apricot (90 ha). In Theog block, the second highest area was under almond (382.03 ha) followed by apple spur (198.38 ha.). The above block wise discussion of fruit crops revealed that the area under fruit crops was lowest in Basantpur because its maximum area falls in low attitude. Therefore, it is suggested that dwarf apple varieties and other location specific fruit plants should be promoted for low areas of the district.

A number of schemes are being implemented to exploit the potential for horticultural development in the district under the umbrella project of National Horticulture Technology Mission. The details regarding these schemes in terms of number of villages covered, beneficiaries covered, total budget and status of their implementation in all 10 blocks of the district have been given in Table 5.2. The table shows that 22 villages were covered under these schemes with a total budget of Rs. 1.43 crores that are being implemented in the district. Out of these schemes, ten villages were covered in Rohroo block and four in Basantpur and one each in other blocks. The total additional fund required to complete the work would be Rs. 9.40 crores. The details on existing status and potential in terms of area, production and number of households growing different horticultural crops in different blocks have been presented in Table 5.3. The table shows that it is leading in apple in the state and all blocks have the highest potential. However, scope of other fruit crops like pear, stone fruit, nuts, other temperate fruit, citrus, mango and other sub-tropical fruit is also good. However, Basantpur, Chopal, Mashobra, Narkanda and Rampur blocks have high potential to grow sub-tropical fruit provided latest technical know-how is provided to the growers.

5.2 Animal Husbandry

The details of the existing schemes for livestock improvement have been presented in Table 5.4. The table shows that there were 16 villages covered in livestock improvement schemes in the district with a total budget provision of Rs. 52 lakhs. Across blocks, 2 villages were covered in Chopal, 4 each were covered in Nankhari and Theog and 6 in Rampur. The additional funds required to complete the incomplete schemes and additional work of the livestock improvement amounted to Rs. 1.82 crores. Table 5.5 shows that livestock population in the year 2003 was 5.495 lakhs, out of which the share of cow was as high as about 56 per cent, followed by sheep and goat (about 36 per cent), poultry birds (about 4.14 per cent), buffaloes (about 3 per cent) and equines (1.21 per cent). The share of crossbred cattle was very high (29.18 per cent). This proportion was low except in Chirgaon and Basantpur blocks.

95

5.3 Fisheries

Shimla is a low fish producing district in the state. The total fish produced in this district was 168 metric tonnes which accounted for 2.44 per cent of the state. The details of the existing schemes that are being implemented to boost fish production in respect of ponds has been given in Table 5.6. Table shows that 3 households were farming fish in Chirgaon and one in Chopal. The potential households were 74. Number of ponds constructed (Table 5.7) for fish farming was 19 and the potential could be up to 120 ponds in the district. The district has potential in farming for trout, silver, carp, catla, grass carp and mrigal. The major constraints in the development of cultured fisheries included technical know-how, diseases and construction of ponds which needed intervention of financial assistance and subsidies to boost fish production in the district. There is high scope to trout rearing in some blocks that can be sold at premium price in the local markets. To harness this potential, the major interventions have been depicted in Table 5.8.

5.4 Sericulture

This activity has not attained momentum in the district due to low possibility of growing mulberry trees in higher hills where climate is too cold and alternative source of income is other high-value commercial crops. However, in lower areas of the district like Basantpur, Chirgaon Chopal, Rampur and Rohroo block where this activity is being practiced it can be a good source of income to the farmers, provided technical know-how is given to them.

5.5 Organic Farming

Some of the farmers in Shimla district have started organic farming as it is fetching them good returns with no extra cost. Areas of Chopal near to Dehradun avail the ready market for their organic produce in Uttarakhand state. These areas have comparative advantage in organic farming because of low/ no fertilizer and chemical use by default.

5.6 Floriculture

Flowers are grown by few farmers under protected cultivation in about 14 hectares of land in the district. The concentration of cultivators is more in adjoining areas of Shimla. Being highly perishable commodities and Shimla being close to ready markets having easy transportation facilities, flower industry holds great potential in the district.

5.7 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Shimla district is rich in medicinal and aromatic plants which are easily available in forest and pasture lands. Although, their cultivation on farmers’ field was negligible, but there is good scope for their cultivation provided technical, financial and marketing facilities are made available to the farmers.

96

5.8 Mushroom

This district is most suitable for growing mushroom because of its low temperature and climate suitability. Also, the district is well linked with markets within and outside the state. There were 19 units, out of which 6 were in Mashobra block. This enterprise can be boosted with the support of proposed financial outlay of Rs. 43 lakhs and through training and demonstration programme. The existing and potential status of mushroom cultivation in Shimla district has been depicted in Table 5.34

5.9 Bee Keeping

The district is rich in flora and this favours the bee-keeping enterprise. It has gained importance with the increasing emphasis on horticulture development in the recent past. With the increase in area under fruit, sufficient bee flora is produced during the flowering season. There were 159 beneficiaries in the district (Table 5.35). On an average, each beneficiary had more than 100 bee colonies. It can be seen from the table that in most of the blocks, there existed sufficient number of bee colonies as per the recommendation of 4 to 5 colonies per hectare for proper and effective pollination of the fruit crops. However, in few blocks, namely, Narkanda followed by Mashobra, Theog, Rampur and Nankhari, etc., the existence of bee colonies was insufficient indicating that these blocks needed special attention for the improvement of the enterprise. On the whole, about 188 beneficiaries needed financial support of about Rs. 41 lakhs to keep 18,800 additional bee colonies in the district.

5.10 Agro-Eco-Tourism

Shimla was the summer capital during the British rule. They developed the area’s sceneric beauty and gave it an identity as the tourist place worth seeing. Tourism industry in Himachal Pradesh has been given high priority and an appropriate infrastructure has been developed for it. In the year 2007-08, an allotment of Rs. 8.25 crores has been made for its development in the state. In this district, the work of Jakhoo ropeway is in progress. A sum of Rs. 9 crores was sanctioned for the extension of the Shimla airport. The length of runway has been increased from 3800 feet to 4100 feet and an approach road from Tara Devi to Shimla air port has been constructed. In this district, Jakhu, Chadwik fall, Prospect Hill, Tara Devi, Mashobra, Fagu, Narkanda, Kotgarh, Rohroo, Hatkoti, Sarahan and Chail, etc., are important tourist places. These are already well known tourist places which have great potential of tourist’s attraction along with agro-eco tourism which can be developed at block level across the district provided proper training and financial assistance is imparted to the farmers.

5.11 Marketing of Agricultural Produce

Marketing is essential for full or near full employment. In order to have continuous production, there must be efficient marketing. The details regarding marketing of agricultural produce of

97

Shimla district in terms of total production, consumption, marketed surplus and post-harvest losses have been presented in Table 5.9. The details revealed that the district was deficient in food-grains in most of the blocks except a few. The growers of the blocks having surplus sold it in the local or distant markets within the district. The post-harvest losses were negligible, accounting for around 3.5 per cent in cereals and 1.7 per cent in pulses of the total production. There was no surplus in oilseeds at block level. The surplus at the farmers’ level in a few panchayats was sold in local markets and consumed within the block. The potato and vegetables were the major commercial agricultural crops of the district. About 77 per cent of the total potato produced was sold in local and distant-markets within and outside the state for seed as well as table purpose. At the district level, more than one per cent post- harvest losses were recorded in this crop. However, in vegetables, more than 97 per cent produce was marketed and post-harvest losses accounted for about one per cent of the total produce. The proportion of marketed surplus was 80 per cent with one per cent post- harvest losses in spices and condiments.

The horticulture is the backbone of this district. Among fruit crops, apple is the most important fruit crop of this district and accounted for 90 per cent of the total fruit produced in the district. The production and disposal of horticultural produce have been shown in Table 5.10. In apple, about 99 per cent of the produce was marketed in the local and distant markets within and outside the state. Among the marketed produce, maximum produce was sold outside the state. In this crop, one per cent each was consumed at home and post- harvest losses (Table 5.9.) In stone fruit, 99 per cent of the produce was marketed and 2 per cent of post-harvest losses were recorded. However, low production of pear, nuts, other temperate fruit, citrus, mango and other sub- tropical fruit in the district resulted in low proportion of marketed surplus (90 per cent). The post-harvest losses have been accounted for at 2 per cent in pear, mango and other temperate fruit and one per cent in citrus. The highest post-harvest losses have been accounted for (5 per cent) in sub-tropical fruit due to their low production in the district.

The table also revealed that most of the produce was exported to markets of the other states. To safe-guard the interests of the farming community, it is suggested that the modern regulated markets should be established in different locations of the district.

Dairy production is an integral part of the agricultural produce and is an important part of the earnings of small farm holders in the district. Table 5.11 gives the details on the production and disposal of livestock and livestock products. The data showed that 45 per cent of the total milk was consumed at home and remaining 55 per cent marketed in the nearby markets. However, in case of wool, about 36 per cent of the total produce was marketed locally. Likewise, sufficient number of sheep, goat, cattle/ buffaloes and eggs were being sold within the district. It is noted that Shimla city is itself a big market for milk products. Therefore, there is a need to implement dairy development activities, strengthening of dairy co-operatives and infrastructure for quality and clean milk production in the district which will directly help in employment generation opportunities to the people.

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5.12 Agricultural Infrastructure

Agricultural infrastructure helps to accelerate backward and forward linkages in agriculture as a whole. For regulation of marketing of agricultural produce in the district, Himachal Pradesh Agriculture/ Horticulture Produce Marketing Act, 2005 has been enforced (implemented). Its main objective is to safeguard the interest of the farming community. Eight (8) regulated markets established in different blocks of the district were providing useful services to the farmers (Table 5.12). In addition to these, 5 regulated markets have been proposed in the district. There were 5 market information centres in the district and 7 additional were required. There were also 2 collection centres and 20 were proposed for smoothening of the output marketing system in the district. There were 208 bank branches in the district for better access to institutional credit for small and marginal farmers and other weaker sections to enable them to adopt modern technology and improved agricultural practices. For protecting the people from risk and hazard, there were 8 insurance branches in the district out of which 6 were in Shimla city and one each in Rohroo and Rampur. More than 9 thousand metric tonnes of fertilizers and other inputs were distributed in the district through 30 sale centres of agricultural department, 86 government fertilizer depots, 5 Agro-industry/ IFFCO/ HPMC sale centres and 8 HIMFED’s wholesale centres. Besides these, there were 7 transport unions to smoothen the input-out supply system as has been presented in the Table 5.12. Financial estimates amounting to Rs. 240 lakhs for providing required infrastructure like chilling plants, refrigerated vans and packaging machines for marketing of livestock products have been made (Table 5.13)

Rural markets, roads and bridges are essential ingredients of infrastructure of the district economy (Table 5.14). In the absence of any other suitable and viable modes of transportation like railway and waterways, roads play a vital role in boosting the economy of the district. As can be seen (Table 5.14) about 2, 272 kms of roads constructed by the government at district level was motorable inclusive of jeepable tract. As many as 106 villages were connected through bridges and culverts for smooth marketing of agricultural produce as presented in Table 5.14. On the whole, 55 thousand beneficiaries were benefited through 8 rural markets with the financial outlay of more than Rs. 26 lakhs (Table 5.14.).

5.13 Human Resource Development

The efficiency of the implemented work depends on the adequate and technically trained human resources. The sanctioned and current position on the availability and required technical manpower in different sub-sectors like agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, beekeeping, mushroom, floriculture, fishery and sericulture have been depicted in Table 5.15. The table shows that for the district as a whole, additional 13 per cent personnels were required in different sectors. At present acute shortage of manpower has been recorded in agriculture and horticulture sectors in which more than 40 per cent positions were lying vacant whereas about 8 per cent in animal husbandry sector. There were no sanctioned and positioned posts in other sectors. In all

99

sectors at district level, 10 per cent man power on an overall basis were lacking. The financial estimates at given rates required to fill up this gap amounted to Rs. 1158 lakhs (Table 5.16).

5.14 Unemployment and Enterprises for Livelihood

The estimates on the extent of unemployment at different levels of education estimated from survey of different panchayats have been depicted in Table 5.17. It can be seen from the table that the total number of educated unemployed in the district was 3, 88,225 out of which 58 per cent were males and 42 per cent were females. According to the levels of education, about 84 per cent educated up to plus 2 were unemployed, out of which about 56 per cent were matriculate and 28 per cent possessed education up to plus 2 level. The unemployed graduates accounted for 10.5 per cent followed by about 4 per cent post-graduates. The technically trained persons in different trades in the district were only about 2 per cent. There were number of farm and ancillary enterprises where these un-employed could get employment provided required type of assistance in the form of credit, training and marketing facilities were provided to them. The list of enterprises along with the educated persons that could be employed has been displayed in Table 5.18. It can be visualized from the table that horticulture was the mainstay of majority of unemployed followed by marketing and processing, agriculture, livestock, rural industry, implements and machinery repairs, transport and input supply based avocations. There were a few other avocations where unemployed could be engaged such as protected cultivation, organic farming/ vermicompost, agro-eco-tourism and other ancillary activities. It can also be seen from the table that with the increase in education level, there were more number of educated youth seeking employment outside agriculture sector.

5.15 Agri-Business Establishments

The status of agri-business establishments like agro-sale centres, primary agricultural cooperative societies, rural handicraft centres (public and private), processing societies and vermicompost units in term of existing and required has been portrayed in Table 5.19. The agro sale centres and primary agricultural co-operative societies facilitate the availability of inputs like seeds and credit, whereas farmers’ co-operatives help in disposal of farm produce at remunerative prices. As can be seen from the table, the number of existing agro-sale centres, primary agricultural co-operative societies (PACS), rural handicraft (public and private) and farmers’ co-operatives were, although, sufficient in number yet an additional 57 agri-sale centres, 87 PACS, 64 rural handicrafts in public sector, 26 processing societies in public and 24 processing societies in private sectors, 147 farmers’ co- operatives and 4 vermicompost units were required to boost farm income through assured remunerative prices to the farmers.

Block-wise status of agro processing units/ enterprises in Shimla district, depicted in Table 5.20, indicate the existing, potential and financial assistance given to various agro-processing units viz., atta chakki, oil expeller, rice sheller, bakery, maize sheller, vermicompost units, mushroom

100

compost units, rural craft, fruit and vegetable processing and feed mills, etc., in different blocks. Table 5.21 depicts the financial assistance required for the agro-processing units, it shows that a total expenditure of rupees 401.85 lakhs would be needed for the improving of the plight of agro-processing units in the district.

5.16 Drudgery of Women

Women play an important role in the hill economy of the state. Various schemes are being implemented for the welfare of women in the state. In the absence of mechanization, most of the farm operations are carried out manually by women using traditional implements. The steep slopes and geographical conditions further aggravate the farm operational burden on the female folk of the district. The extent of drudgery of women is clearly visualized through the time spent in accomplishing different activities as presented in Table 5.22. In addition to household routine task, women perform all the farm operations manually except ploughing. The time spent in these farm operations by the females depend upon the type of operation and crop.

In hills, livestock rearing has been considered to be a female avocation. The extent of drudgery in livestock rearing is more than any other farm operation as most of the livestock rearing activities (Table 5.22) like collecting fodder from field and ghasni/ grasslands, fetching water & fodder, chaffing, feeding, milking, cleaning sheds selling milk and dung disposal and various activities were carried out by female members as a part of daily task. Most of the grasslands which are away from the home/ cattle shed and kacha animal sheds, use of traditional tools and difficult topography make the task even more difficult. Therefore, there is a dire need to develop tools and implements to reduce the extent of women drudgery.

5.17 Livestock Feed and Fodder

In this district, raising up of livestock has a direct relationship with common property resources (CPRs) such as forests, water and grazing land, and field crops of the farmers. Season and block wise availability and requirement of fodder and per day general trend of consumption of feed/ concentrate and minerals of an adult animal have been presented in Table 5.23. There was huge gap in feed / fodder, minerals and management practices in the district. There is an acute shortage of green fodder in winter in most of the blocks. Due to severe winters, there is no chance to grow green fodder in the field and it is available only from CPRs. Stall feeding at home was common for milch and crossbred cows and other animals were maintained on grazing land except in few months of the winter. The minerals and concentrate were fed to milch animals especially, but the application was at lower side. There is a need to train the people in silage preparation and maintaining of old fodder tree species and growing of new ever green fodder tree species to compensate the green fodder deficiency during the winter season.

101

5.18 Yield Gap in Livestock Production

There is huge gap between actual and potential yields in different livestock (Table 5.24). In crossbred cows, actual yield in the district was 6.34 litres per animal per day while the potential yield was 10.87 litres per day. Similarly, the yield of local cow was 2.13 litres against the potential yield of 3.74 litres per animal per day. The noticeable yield gap between actual and potential milk yields of buffalo and goat and wool yield of sheep has been recorded in the table. A perusal of the Table 5.25 revealed that improper feeding practices, poor management and imbalanced diet were the main reasons for yield difference between two categories of livestock. Therefore, there exists scope for improving production with suitable intervention and livestock improvement programmes.

5.19 Incidence of Livestock Diseases

The information on the status of infection, mortality among livestock and availability of treatment in the area has been presented in Table 5.26. The table shows that among different diseases/parasites, the incidence of ectoparasites, endoparasites, repeat breeding, hemorrhagic septicaemia and tympany was much higher compared with other diseases like foot and mouth, pneumonia, diarrhoea/ dysentery, calf scour and mineral deficiency, etc.

The main diseases of sheep and goat were lice and ticks, endoparasites, diarrhoea / dysentery, mange and PPR/CCPP, but the mortality rate was lower as compared to cattle/ buffalo. In equines, internal parasites, respiratory distress, colic and glanders were reported. However, in poultry, only coccidiosis was noted. Rabbit rearing was not so common in this district. The interventions suggested to mitigate the effects of these diseases/ parasites have been depicted in Table 5.27. It included preventive vaccination, deworming dusting and dipping, balanced feed management and livestock health awareness programmes, etc.

5.20 Yield Gap in Fruit Crops

The planting gap and yield gap in fruit plants have been given in Table 5.28 and 5.29, respectively. It can be seen that there were large gaps between the actual and recommended levels of distance between the plant to plant and row to row in all types of plants. The range varied between 32 to 110 plants per hectare in different types of fruit crops. The gap in yield was to the extent of 0.4 to 34 q/ ha

The reasons for gap in fruit plants may be undulating topography and lack of technical know-how about the spacing of plants in different types of fruit plants. The varietal and technological problems in important fruit crops, flower and fodder pointed out by the respondents have been presented in Table 5.30. The table shows that lack of irrigation facilities, lack of training and pruning, attack of insect pests and diseases, damage of fruit crops by hail storm, lack of colour development in royal delicious variety, imbalanced use of fertilizers and soil problems, poor fruit

102

setting, non- availability of quality planting material, untimely and non-availability of critical inputs and attack of bats, birds and monkeys, marketing problems and cold storage, etc., were the most important varietal and technological problems in main fruit crops, which included apple, citrus, mango, litchi, cherry, pear and stone fruit. To tackle these problems, the main intervention like research, training and awareness programme facilities to install anti hail gun and quality planting material at right time were suggested in fruit crops (Table 5.31.). In case of floriculture, irrigation, marketing and cold storage were the main problems and the proposed interventions suggested were improvement of irrigation system, especially sprinkler irrigation, strengthening of marketing mechanism on the line of Bangalore flower regulated market and development of flower and planting materials storage system in producing and consuming areas. Strengthening of R&D facilities was suggested to overcome scarcity of fodder in winter months and lack of nutritious and quality fodder plants in the area.

5.21 Researchable Issues

In view of above mentioned problems/constraints and interventions that are required for developing allied agricultural sectors, the following important researchable issues have been identified. The research agenda of the state R&D institutions, therefore, should include research on these issues. The funds for undertaking research on these issues have been provided in the plan under research and extension head.

Horticulture

� Determining suitability of new improved apple, pear and cherry varieties and rootstocks for commercialization

� Identification of niche area and remapping of different fruit growing belts

� Rejuvenation of old and senile orchards

� Evaluation of cherry rootstocks for wide adaptability

� Identification and multiplication of clonal rootstocks for precaucious and higher yields in pears.

� Development of production module for organic fruit farming

� Development of irrigation and fertigation modules

� Nutrient indexing and improvement of soil health

� Development of resource (soil & water) conservation horticulture practices

� Development of technology for Integrated Nutrient Management in fruits and vegetables

� Generation of data base of pollinator diversity in different horticultural crops

� Identification of potential bee- keeping belts in different blocks

103

� Identification of safe waiting periods of pesticides on horticultural crops

� Development of management strategies for curative and post symptom control of apple scab and premature leaf fall

� Evaluating the efficacy of newly developed fungicides, monitoring of resistant strains and breeding for disease resistance against apple scab and premature leaf fall

� Establishment of race situation in respect of apple scab

� Developing strategies for the management of newly emerging foliar and fruit diseases of apple like root rot causing pre-harvest fruit drop, etc.

� Standardization of alternative propagation techniques and quality nursery production of fruit crops

� Identification of constraints in different horticultural crops

� Refinement of spray schedules in apple

� Studies on economic and marketing aspects of cherry and other minor fruits

Animal Husbandry

� Identification of socio-biological causes, economic implication and remedial strategy to tackle monkey menace in the district

� Technical analysis of livestock health and reproduction facilities of state Animal Husbandry Department by livestock keepers of the district

� A study on the adoption of improved animal health and production technologies by livestock farmers in the district

� Identification of the indigenous livestock health practices among livestock farmers in less developed areas of the district

� Development of a strategic dairy farming package for livestock farmers in the district, in the face of ’livestock revolution 2020

� Identification of the critical technical gaps in attaining the profitability under hill cattle production system

� Development of Endocrinological tools to augment production and reproduction in dairy animals

� Development of strategic mineral supplementation in animals to improve profitability of livestock owners of the district

� Epidemiological data collection and mapping of the district and adjoining areas

104

� Surveillance, monitoring and control of the diseases of animals and birds including wild fauna

� Pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drugs on local breeds of animals and pharmacokinetic interaction of herbal bio-enhancers

� Pharmacological and toxicological studies on the poisonous plants of the district

� Development of herbal nutraceuticals for health and production of farm animals

� Toxicological studies on the poisonous plants and characterization of their toxic principles and anti nutritional factors

� Investigation on the etiological agents of infectious infertility among bovine, ovine and caprice including male animals with special emphasis on Brucellosis

� Preparation and testing of multiserotype vaccine against H.S.

� Serosurveillance of some important infections diseases in livestock of district

� Investigation on the epidemiology and serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in bovines in the district

� Molecular diagnosis and genetic diversity analysis of important pathogens responsible for major animal diseases and zoonoses in the district

� Constraints in way of transfer of dairy technology of livestock farmers in the district: perceptions of stake-holders i.e. livestock keepers, veterinarians, para vets and development agencies/NGOs

� Identification of the indigenous livestock health practices among livestock farmers in the district

� Documentation of the prevailing ethno-veterinary practices among migratory shepherds (Gaddies) of the district, their scientific validation and subsequent mass dissemination

� Analytical sudy of the contribution of women to animal husbandry operations in different agro-climatic situations of the district

� Documentation and scientific validation of the livestock husbandry- related indigenous technical knowledge (ITK)/ practices among backward area like Dodra Kwar of the district

� Evaluation of appropriateness of the recommended animal husbandry technologies for different agro-climatic situations of the district

� Developing database for various surgical disorder in small and large animals of the district

� Diagnosis imaging for early and accurate management of surgical afflictions in animals

105

� Evaluation of medicinal plants/ herbs utilized in soft and hard tissue healing in animals

� Development of safe and suitable balanced anaesthetic techniques for ponies and wild animal of the district

� Standardization of various orthopaedics (external and internal) techniques in large, small and companion animals

� Standardization and further application of endoscopic and laproscopic techniques in clinical cases of abdominal disorders in small and large animal

� Application of various diagnostic and operative ophthalmic procedures in surgical cases of small and large animals

Floriculture

� Delineation of areas/ locations suitable for different flower crops

� Availability of authentic and quality germplasm/ planting material of various flower crops to the growers at affordable prices

� Year round flower production

� Standardization of location-specific production technology for different flower crops as under:

viii) Recommendation of varieties

ix) Standardization of planting time

x) Standardization of nutrients and integrated management (INM and IPM)

xi) Irrigation management

xii) Flower regulation as per the market demands

xiii) Post-harvest management and maintaining the cool chain

xiv) Refinement of infrastructure (greenhouse technology)

Fisheries

Development of technologies to harness trout fish production potential and also providing technical know-how to the fish farmers

106

Tab

le 5

.1 B

lock

-wis

e A

rea

Und

er D

iffer

ent F

ruits

in S

him

la D

istr

ict,

2007

-08

(Hec

tare

s)

Frui

t B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

App

le

643.

71

2830

.97

2847

.66

5857

.05

1164

.52

1797

.47

4462

.90

4682

.59

1383

.64

3421

.76

2909

2.27

App

le (

spur

) 40

.87

153.

1317

4.22

286.

5414

6.80

86.9

8 18

8.23

198.

8610

0.00

198.

3815

74.0

1

Plum

49

.57

32.3

131

.07

11.8

474

.97

46.4

8 85

.04

75.6

710

0.00

93.1

660

0.11

Peac

h

49.0

6 16

.20

25.2

423

.34

76.3

110

.00

15.0

515

.46

13.5

259

.90

304.

08

Apr

icot

59

.04

38.7

853

.43

57.3

194

.41

32.4

7 70

.03

90.3

690

.00

83.3

366

9.16

Pear

11

2.67

71

.26

97.8

745

6.40

255.

6940

.00

98.1

387

.05

40.2

222

1.85

1481

.14

Che

rry

2.30

1.

964.

0534

.90

12.4

415

.49

134.

2610

.83

2.00

22.8

824

1.11

Kiw

i 0.

96

0.00

0.83

3.63

1.85

0.00

1.

962.

181.

281.

7614

.45

Pom

egra

nate

16

.15

0.00

6.28

4.21

28.2

70.

40

15.4

61.

581.

5511

.94

85.8

4

Oliv

e 1.

44

0.00

10.1

60.

007.

420.

00

0.00

1.30

0.00

10

.03

30.3

5

Pers

imm

on

7.45

1.

982.

854.

791.

542.

26

1.43

2.22

0.30

2.31

27.1

3

Alm

ond

101.

06

131.

8311

3.33

203.

7016

1.49

93.0

0 15

0.21

86.3

510

0.00

382.

0315

23.0

0

Wal

nut

10.2

5 44

.55

33.4

216

.03

20.2

420

.00

43.0

136

.51

60.7

122

.95

307.

67

Peca

nut

0.00

0.

000.

000.

002.

000.

00

4.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

6.00

Haz

elnu

t 0.

00

1.41

0.41

0.93

0.00

0.08

1.

270.

370.

100.

374.

94

Man

go

76.1

6 0.

0012

.15

0.00

64.0

70.

00

82.6

70.

0042

.83

0.25

278.

13

Litc

hi

12.5

0 0.

000.

000.

005.

740.

00

9.49

0.00

0.26

0.00

27.9

9

Gua

va

11.1

7 0.

000.

000.

003.

530.

00

0.97

0.00

1.91

0.00

17.5

8

Ano

la

4.18

0.

0017

.89

0.00

2.58

0.00

0.

000.

00

0.00

24.6

5

Jack

frui

t 1.

61

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.48

0.00

0.

000.

00

0.00

2.09

Papa

ya

0.53

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.53

G

rape

s 3.

29

0.00

0.

00

0.00

1.

80

0.00

1.

43

0.00

0.

00

0.22

6.

74

Loq

uat

1.20

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

1.30

0.

04

0.00

0.

00

0.36

0.

00

2.90

B

er

0.50

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.40

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.90

C

hico

o 0.

08

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

08

Ban

ana

1.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

1.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

2.00

O

rang

e/

Kin

now

12

.13

0.00

1.

37

0.45

1.

57

0.04

5.

15

0.00

9.

10

6.15

35

.96

Mal

ta/

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.28

0.

00

0.

00

0.28

107

Mus

ambi

K

agzi

lim

e 17

4.64

2.

22

7.63

16

.07

167.

80

0.20

16

.64

13.0

8 35

.70

26.2

8 46

0.26

G

alag

al

14.4

5 0.

84

3.13

9.

23

17.9

7 0.

09

4.41

5.

17

13.1

0 6.

67

75.0

6 A

rea

unde

r fr

uit

crop

s 14

07.9

7 (1

8.76

) 33

27.4

4 (2

7.69

) 34

42.9

9 (2

1.77

) 69

86.4

2 (7

8.43

) 23

16.1

9 (2

1.41

) 21

45.0

(5

2.33

) 53

92.0

2 (6

7.27

) 53

09.5

8 (5

2.38

) 19

98.5

8 (2

2.14

) 45

72.2

1 (5

2.55

) 36

898.

41

(36.

99)

Cro

pped

are

a un

der

agri

cultu

ral c

rops

6097

.00

(81.

24)

8690

.00

(72.

31)

1237

5.00

(7

8.23

) 19

21.0

0 (2

1.57

) 85

02.0

0 (

78.5

9)

1954

.00

(47.

67)

2624

.00

(32

.73)

48

27.0

0 (4

7.62

) 70

27.0

0 (7

7.86

) 41

29.0

0 (4

7.45

) 62

854.

00

(63.

01)

Gra

nd to

tal

7504

.97

(100

) 12

017.

44

(100

) 15

817.

99

(100

) 89

07.4

2 (1

00)

1081

8.19

(1

00)

4099

.00

(100

) 80

16.0

2 (1

00)

1013

6.58

(1

00)

9025

.58

(100

) 87

01.2

1 (1

00)

9975

2.41

(1

00)

Not

e: F

igur

es in

par

enth

eses

indi

cate

per

cent

ages

of

the

tehs

ils

Sour

ce: D

irec

tora

te o

f H

ortic

ultu

re, S

him

la

Tab

le 5

.2 E

xist

ing

Blo

ck L

evel

Sch

emes

for

Hor

ticul

tura

l Dev

elop

men

t (R

s. L

akhs

) in

Shim

la D

istr

ict

Blo

ck

Vill

ages

(N

o.)

Ben

efic

iari

es

(No.

) Fu

nds

Stat

us

Cen

tre

shar

e St

ate

shar

e T

otal

C

ompl

ete

( %)

Inco

mpl

ete

( %)

Add

ition

al fu

nds

requ

ired

Bas

antp

ur

4 70

0 15

1

16

50

50

20

Chi

rgao

n 1

5000

50

-

50

- 10

0 20

0

Cho

pal

1 50

00

1.80

0.

20

200

100

- -

Jubb

al

1 69

9 37

.28

- 37

.28

25

75

20

Mas

hobr

a 1

1200

0 20

0 -

200

75

25

50

Nan

khar

i 1

5831

10

4 -

104

80

20

100

Nar

kand

a 1

1003

0 50

-

50

- -

150

Roh

roo

10

1039

47

.33

- 47

.33

100

- -

Ram

pur

1 20

00

1.90

-

1.90

80

20

20

0

The

og

1 10

00

30

- 30

10

0 -

200

Dis

tric

t 22

43

299

537.

31

1.20

73

6.51

94

0

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

108

Tab

le 5

.3 B

lock

-wis

e E

xist

ing

Stat

us a

nd P

oten

tial f

or H

ortic

ultu

re D

evel

opm

ent i

n Sh

imla

Dis

tric

t (A

rea

in H

a, P

rod.

in M

t)

Cro

ps

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t A

pple

E

xist

ing

stat

us

Are

a

684.

58

2984

.10

3021

.88

6143

.59

1311

.32

1884

.45

4651

.13

4881

.45

1483

.64

3620

.14

3066

6.28

Pr

oduc

tion

13

11.8

7 25

018.

32

2171

5.77

36

790.

77

1177

9.22

11

284.

99

1671

1.92

29

232.

47

5330

.85

2601

4.97

18

5191

.16

No.

of

hous

ehol

ds

1368

.00

4188

.00

6042

.00

1313

6.00

10

938.

00

3709

.00

7113

.00

5972

.00

3235

.00

7604

.00

6330

5.00

Po

tent

ial

A

rea

13

7.00

59

7.00

60

4.00

61

4.00

26

2.00

56

5.00

46

5.00

97

6.00

14

84.0

0 72

4.00

64

28.0

0 Pr

oduc

tion

32

8.17

71

50.2

5 54

25.5

6 45

88.8

1 31

37.9

6 42

22.6

0 41

76.9

7 72

94.2

6 10

664.

29

8671

.32

5521

5.73

N

o. o

f n

ew h

ouse

hold

s

274.

00

838.

00

1208

.00

1460

.00

1093

8.00

10

60.0

0 17

78.0

0 23

89.0

0 32

35.0

0 30

41.0

0 26

221.

00

Pear

Exi

stin

g st

atus

Are

a

112.

67

71.2

6 97

.87

456.

40

255.

69

40.0

0 98

.13

87.0

5 42

.22

221.

85

1483

.14

Prod

uctio

n

431.

82

213.

37

351.

66

2186

.51

1071

.84

114.

98

286.

77

264.

82

123.

38

690.

84

5736

.00

No.

of

hous

ehol

ds

337.

00

284.

00

489.

00

1826

.00

1278

.00

160.

00

491.

00

435.

00

211.

00

1109

.00

6620

.00

Pote

ntia

l

Are

a

338.

00

285.

00

489.

00

91.0

0 25

6.00

16

0.00

98

.00

87.0

0 21

1.00

11

1.00

21

26.0

0 Pr

oduc

tion

16

19.2

9 15

36.0

5 35

14.0

4 54

4.95

18

39.6

6 76

6.53

41

0.81

41

6.80

10

10.8

6 66

4.72

11

712.

99

No.

of

new

hou

seho

lds

10

11.0

0 11

36.0

0 24

45.0

0 36

5.00

12

78.0

0 64

0.00

49

1.00

43

5.00

10

56.0

0 55

5.00

94

12.0

0 St

one

frui

ts (p

lum

, pea

ch, a

pric

ot, e

tc)

Exi

stin

g st

atus

A

rea

15

7.67

87

.29

109.

74

92.4

9 24

5.69

88

.95

170.

12

181.

49

203.

52

236.

39

1573

.35

Prod

uctio

n

755.

36

313.

64

328.

59

288.

01

1177

.05

134.

23

354.

53

434.

74

1024

.00

1183

.00

5993

.00

No.

of

hous

ehol

ds

788.

00

436.

00

549.

00

462.

00

1273

.00

445.

00

851.

00

907.

00

1018

.00

1182

.00

7867

.00

Pote

ntia

l

Are

a

78.8

4 43

.65

54.8

7 46

.25

122.

85

44.4

8 85

.06

90.7

5 10

1.76

11

8.20

78

6.68

Pr

oduc

tion

42

4.89

20

9.09

26

2.87

18

2.78

73

5.66

79

.90

266.

92

326.

05

780.

02

665.

34

3676

.46

No.

of

new

hou

seho

lds

39

4.00

21

8.00

27

4.50

23

1.00

63

6.50

22

2.50

42

5.50

45

3.50

50

9.00

59

1.00

39

33.5

0 N

uts

E

xist

ing

stat

us

Are

a

111.

31

177.

79

147.

16

220.

66

183.

73

113.

08

198.

49

123.

23

160.

81

405.

35

1841

.61

Prod

uctio

n

33.7

3 67

.34

51.2

8 90

.26

72.3

7 35

.98

81.1

9 41

.07

58.4

7 17

1.95

70

3.66

N

o. o

f ho

useh

olds

11

13.0

0 17

78.0

0 14

72.0

0 22

07.0

0 18

37.0

0 11

31.0

0 19

85.0

0 12

32.0

0 16

08.0

0 40

54.0

0 18

416.

00

Pote

ntia

l

Are

a

111.

31

177.

79

147.

16

110.

00

92.0

0 11

3.08

99

.00

123.

23

101.

00

405.

35

1479

.92

Prod

uctio

n

42.1

6 86

.20

66.8

9 56

.66

48.7

8 51

.40

60.0

0 59

.74

61.2

1 24

5.65

75

7.85

109

No.

of

new

hou

seho

lds

11

13.0

0 17

78.0

0 14

72.0

0 11

04.0

0 91

9.00

11

31.0

0 99

3.00

12

32.0

0 10

14.0

0 40

54.0

0 14

810.

00

Oth

er te

mpe

rate

frui

t

Exi

stin

g st

atus

Are

a

31.5

9 3.

94

24.1

7 47

.53

53.3

2 18

.15

154.

54

18.1

1 5.

13

49.1

4 40

5.62

Pr

oduc

tion

36

4.41

22

.73

223.

05

603.

11

738.

09

125.

62

2495

.79

125.

35

31.9

6 64

6.22

53

76.0

0 N

o. o

f ho

useh

olds

31

6.00

39

.00

242.

00

475.

00

533.

00

182.

00

1545

.00

181.

00

51.0

0 49

1.00

40

56.0

0 Po

tent

ial

A

rea

31

.59

20.0

0 24

.17

47.5

3 53

.32

18.1

5 77

.00

18.1

1 5.

13

49.1

4 34

4.14

Pr

oduc

tion

43

7.29

18

4.57

27

8.81

76

7.60

86

1.11

18

8.43

15

10.0

0 20

8.91

59

.18

793.

60

4684

.42

No.

of

new

hou

seho

lds

31

6.00

39

0.00

24

2.00

47

5.00

53

3.00

18

2.00

15

45.0

0 18

1.00

51

.00

491.

00

4406

.00

Citr

us fr

uits

Exi

stin

g st

atus

Are

a

201.

22

3.06

12

.13

25.7

5 18

7.34

0.

33

26.4

8 18

.25

57.9

0 39

.10

571.

56

Prod

uctio

n

80.1

4 0.

37

1.61

3.

59

31.3

4 0.

04

3.87

2.

57

9.22

5.

97

139.

00

No.

of

hous

ehol

ds

2010

.00

31.0

0 12

1.00

25

8.00

18

73.0

0 3.

00

265.

00

183.

00

579.

00

391.

00

5716

.00

Pote

ntia

l

Are

a

201.

22

3.06

12

.13

25.7

5 37

.00

0.33

26

.48

18.2

5 57

.90

39.1

0 42

1.22

Pr

oduc

tion

93

.50

0.51

2.

09

4.79

7.

37

0.04

4.

39

3.27

10

.38

6.75

85

.00

No.

of

new

hou

seho

lds

20

10.0

0 31

.00

121.

00

258.

00

370.

00

3.00

26

5.00

18

3.00

57

9.00

39

1.00

42

11.0

0 M

ango

Exi

stin

g st

atus

Are

a

76.1

6 0.

00

12.1

5 0.

00

64.0

7 0.

00

82.6

7 0.

00

42.8

3 0.

25

278.

13

Prod

uctio

n

232.

96

0.00

23

.79

0.00

18

8.14

0.

00

262.

99

0.00

10

4.81

0.

31

812.

98

No.

of

hous

ehol

ds

Po

tent

ial

76.1

6 0.

00

12.1

5 0.

00

64.0

7 0.

00

82.6

7 0.

00

42.8

3 0.

25

278.

13

Are

a

326.

14

0.00

29

.73

0.00

21

9.50

0.

00

303.

45

0.00

14

1.49

0.

43

873.

43

Nos

. of

new

hou

seho

lds

76

2.00

0.

00

122.

00

0.00

64

1.00

0.

00

827.

00

0.00

42

8.00

3.

00

2783

.00

Sub

trop

ical

frui

ts

E

xist

ing

stat

us

A

rea

32

.77

0.00

17

.89

0.00

15

.03

0.04

10

.46

0.00

2.

53

0.00

78

.72

Prod

uctio

n

40.0

9 0.

00

17.5

1 0.

00

12.8

7 0.

01

7.68

0.

00

1.55

0.

00

79.7

2 N

o. o

f ho

useh

olds

32

8.00

0.

00

179.

00

0.00

15

0.00

1.

00

105.

00

0.00

25

.00

0.00

78

8.00

Po

tent

ial

A

rea

32

.77

0.00

17

.89

0.00

15

.03

0.04

10

.46

0.00

2.

53

0.00

78

.72

Prod

uctio

n

60.1

4 0.

00

24.0

8 0.

00

16.5

5 0.

02

12.8

0 0.

00

2.17

0.

00

89.8

9 N

o. o

f n

ew h

ouse

hold

s

328.

00

0.00

17

9.00

0.

00

150.

00

1.00

10

5.00

0.

00

25.0

0 0.

00

788.

00

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

110

Table 5.4 Existing Block Level Schemes for Livestock Development in Shimla District

Block No. villages

Beneficiaries (No.)

Funds (Rs. Lakh)

Status

Centreshare

Stateshare

Total Complete (No.)

Incomplete (No.)

Additional funds required

(Rs. Lakh) Basantpur - - - - - - - -

Chirgaon - - - - - - - -

Chopal 2 2750 - 7 7 1 1 2

Jubbal - - - - - - -

Mashobra - - - - - - - -

Nankhari 4 5831 4 10 14 2 2 30

Narkanda - - - - - - - -

Rohroo - - - - - - - -

Rampur 6 10415 6 15 21 3 3 50

Theog 4 10000 7.50 2.5 10 - 4 100

Total 16 28996 17.50 34.5 52 6 9 182 Source: Field survey, 2007-08

111

Tab

le 5

.5 L

ives

tock

Pop

ulat

ion

(Num

ber)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict (

Bloc

k-w

ise)

S. N

o.

Part

icul

ars

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

houp

al

Juba

l M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

1 C

ow

2611

0 23

068

5719

5 28

094

4578

0 10

325

1630

4 22

525

2960

4 48

182

3071

87

a C

ross

bre

d co

w

7310

55

36

2974

1 11

238

2380

6 71

24

1206

5 20

047

2131

5 22

164

1603

46

b L

ocal

cow

18

800

1753

2 27

454

1685

6 21

974

3201

42

39

2478

82

89

2601

8 14

6841

2 B

uffa

loes

27

83

148

1762

15

3 80

02

22

231

72

704

2415

16

292

3 G

oat

6914

20

219

3140

3 42

51

4294

26

55

4529

98

2 16

944

6032

98

223

4 Sh

eep

1519

42

011

1046

0 39

70

3154

34

17

2234

38

06

2477

3 30

32

9837

6

5 Po

ultr

y 17

95

7206

25

00

2140

11

91

687

666

4024

14

03

1139

22

751

6 E

quin

es

262

964

1570

30

2 50

4 13

7 15

3 71

3 41

2 16

56

6673

a H

orse

s 77

17

1 28

9 60

12

0 60

84

88

12

1 73

6 18

06

b M

ule

124

630

953

182

370

53

58

561

135

897

3963

c D

onke

y 61

16

3 32

8 60

14

24

11

64

15

6 23

90

4

7 T

otal

39

383

9361

6 10

4890

38

910

6292

5 17

243

2411

7 32

122

7384

0 62

456

5495

02

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

112

Table 5.6 Existing Block Level Schemes for Fisheries in Shimla District

Block Villages (No)

Beneficiaries (No.)

Funds (Rs. Lakh) Status Centreshare

Stateshare

Total Complete (No.)

Incomplete (No.)

Additional funds

needed (Rs. Lakh )

Basantpur - - - - - - - -

Chirgaon - - - - - - - -

Chopal 4 25 - 0.50 0.50 4 - 0.50

Jubbal - - - - - - - -

Mashobra 2 - - - - - - -

Nankhari - - - - - - - -

Narkanda - - - - - - - -

Rohroo - - - - - - - -

Rampur - - - - - - - -

Theog - - - - - - - -

Total 6 25 - 0.50 0.50 4 - 0.50 Source: Field survey, 2007-08

Table 5.7 Status of Cultured Fisheries in Shimla District (Block-wise)

Block

No. of house holds

Pond Existing Species Potential species

No. Area (ha.) E P E P E P 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Basantpur - - - 10 - 1 - - - -

Chirgaon 3 4 15 20 - 2 Trout - - - Trout Carp Common

carp

Grass carp, Silver carp

Chopal 1 20 4 15 - 1.5 Mahasheer - - - Silver carp

Katla Rohu Mrigal

Jubbal - - - 5 - 0.5 - - - - Trout Carp, etc.

Mashobra - - - 10 - 1 - - - - Trout

Nankhari - 10 - 20 - 2 - - - - Trout

Narkanda - 10 - 10 - - - - - - Trout

Rohroo - 20 - 20 - 2 - - - - Trout

Rampur - 10 - 10 - 1 - - - - Trout Carp

Theog - - - - - - - - - - Trout

Total 4 74 19 120 - 11 - - - - Note: E – Existing, P – Potential Source: Field survey, 2007-08

113

Tab

le 5

.8 B

lock

-wis

e Pr

oble

ms a

nd In

terv

entio

ns fo

r C

ultu

red

Fish

erie

s in

Shim

la D

istr

ict (

Per

cent

of P

anch

ayat

s)

Con

stra

ints

In

terv

entio

n

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khri

N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Shim

la

Qua

lity/

Q

uant

ity o

f fi

nger

lings

1)R

egul

ar

supp

ly o

f qu

ality

and

qu

antit

y fi

nger

lings

- 25

20

-

- -

- -

- -

4.5

Fish

fee

d

1) R

egul

ar

supp

ly o

f fi

sh

feed

- 20

25

-

- -

- --

-

- 4.

5

2) S

ubsi

dy o

n th

e fi

sh f

eed

- 25

15

-

- -

- -

- -

4.0

Qua

lity

and

quan

tity

of

wat

er

supp

ly

Reg

ular

flo

w

of q

ualit

y w

ater

20

40

30

10

20

40

20

40

20

10

25.0

Tra

inin

g

Tra

inin

g an

d de

mon

stra

tion

at p

rodu

cer’

s le

vel

30

50

60

20

40

80

40

80

40

15

45.5

Tec

hnic

al

know

-how

1)

Dev

elop

men

t of

pac

kage

of

prac

tices

.

20

30

25

15

15

25

10

20

15

10

18.5

2) S

uppl

y of

lit

erat

ure

25

40

35

30

35

50

25

40

30

15

32

.5

Dis

ease

s

A

vaila

bilit

y of

m

edic

ines

- -

- 20

-

- -

- -

- 2.

0

Pond

St

ruct

ure

Su

bsid

y on

co

nstr

uctio

n

15

20

20

15

10

15

18

20

12

25

17.0

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

114

Tab

le 5

.9 B

lock

-wis

e Pr

oduc

tion

and

Dis

posa

l of A

gric

ultu

ral P

rodu

cts (

Met

ric

Ton

nes)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Part

icul

ars

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bal

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

Cer

eals

Pr

oduc

tion

1598

9 10

183

1457

6 11

94

1412

10

83

1967

39

40

6943

46

15

6190

2 C

onsu

mpt

ion

1598

9 94

31

1457

6 11

94

1412

10

83

1967

31

40

4100

42

15

5710

7 M

arke

ted

surp

lus

75

2

800

2843

40

0 47

95

Mar

kets

whe

re s

old

L

ocal

�

� �

� �

� �

� �

�

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tant

(w

ithin

st

ate)

�

� �

�

Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

Post

har

vest

loss

es

(%)

4 3

5.5

2 2

4 5

2.5

3.5

2.6

3.41

Puls

es

Prod

uctio

n20

8 23

4 65

0 10

1 96

30

6 18

8 31

7 73

4 16

9 30

03

Con

sum

ptio

n 20

8 23

4 60

0 10

0 96

20

0 18

8 12

5 43

4 13

5 23

20

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s

50

1

10

6

192

300

34

683

Mar

kets

whe

re s

old

L

ocal

�

� �

� �

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tant

(w

ithin

st

ate)

�

�

� �

�

Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

�

Post

har

vest

loss

es

(%)

1.0

1.0

2.16

1.

5 1.

0 2.

0 1.

25

2.5

2.3

2.0

1.67

Oils

eeds

Pr

oduc

tion

20

4 92

18

27

4

3 40

61

8

277

Con

sum

ptio

n 20

4

92

18

27

4 3

40

61

8 27

7 M

arke

ted

surp

lus

M

arke

ts w

here

sol

d

Loc

al

�

� �

�

�

�

D

ista

nt (

with

in

stat

e)

Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

Post

har

vest

loss

es

(%)

0.2

0 0.

9 0.

2 0.

3 0

0 0.

4 0.

6 0.

1 0.

39

115

Pota

toPr

oduc

tion

874

9588

71

76

2464

14

88

1155

18

86

3107

3 33

94

3658

62

756

Con

sum

ptio

n 43

7 23

97

1794

61

6 44

6 28

9 16

40

6215

84

8 91

4 15

596

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s 43

7 71

91

5382

18

48

1042

86

6 24

6 24

858

2546

27

44

4716

0 M

arke

ts w

here

sol

d

Loc

al

� -

� -

� -

� �

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D

ista

nt (

with

in

stat

e)

� �

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� �

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Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

�

� �

� �

� �

� �

�

Post

har

vest

loss

es

(%)

9 96

72

25

15

12

16

31

1 34

37

62

.7

Spic

es a

nd c

ondi

men

ts

Prod

uctio

n 51

0 -

416

- 14

50

- 22

9 -

34

9 26

48

Con

sum

ptio

n 10

2 -

83

- 29

0 -

46

- 7

2 53

0 M

arke

ted

surp

lus

408

- 33

3 -

1160

-

183

- 27

7

2118

M

arke

ts w

here

sol

d

Loc

al

� -

� -

� -

� -

� �

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ista

nt (

with

in

stat

e)

� -

� -

� -

� -

� �

�

Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

�

�

�

�

Post

har

vest

loss

es

(%)

5 -

4 -

15

- 3

- 0.

5 -

5.50

Veg

etab

les

Prod

uctio

n 75

13

7986

14

570

8054

23

872

1386

39

42

3187

72

17

1951

3 97

240

Con

sum

ptio

n 15

0 16

0 29

1 16

1 47

7 13

9 39

4 31

9 14

4 39

0 26

25

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s 73

63

7826

14

279

7893

23

395

1247

35

48

2868

70

73

1912

3 94

615

Mar

kets

whe

re s

old

L

ocal

�

- �

- �

- �

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tant

(w

ithin

st

ate)

�

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

�

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

Post

har

vest

loss

es

(%)

75

80

146

81

239

14

39

32

72

195

97.3

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

116

Tab

le 5

.10

Blo

ck-w

ise

Prod

uctio

n an

d D

ispo

sal o

f Hor

ticul

tura

l Pro

duct

s (M

etri

c T

onne

s) in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t

Frui

t B

asan

tpu

r C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Juba

l M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

App

le

Prod

uctio

n 13

11.8

7 25

018.

32

2171

5.77

36

790.

77

1177

9.22

11

284.

99

1671

1.92

29

232.

47

5330

.85

2601

4.97

18

5191

.16

Con

sum

ptio

n 13

1.19

25

0.18

21

7.16

36

7.91

11

7.79

11

2.85

16

7.12

29

2.32

53

.31

260.

15

1969

.98

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s 11

80.6

8 24

768.

14

2149

8.61

36

422.

86

1166

1.43

11

172.

14

1654

4.80

28

940.

15

5277

.54

2575

4.82

18

3221

.18

Mar

kets

whe

re s

old

L

ocal

�

- �

- �

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tant

(w

ithin

sta

te)

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ista

nt (

outs

ide

stat

e)

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st h

arve

st lo

sses

13

.12

250.

18

217.

16

367.

91

117.

79

112.

85

167.

12

292.

32

53.3

1 26

0.15

18

51.9

1 Pe

ar

Prod

uctio

n 43

1.82

21

3.37

35

1.66

21

86.5

1 10

71.8

4 11

4.98

28

6.77

26

4.82

12

3.38

69

0.84

57

36

Con

sum

ptio

n 43

.18

21.3

4 35

.17

218.

65

107.

18

11.5

0 28

.68

26.4

8 12

.34

69.0

8 57

3.60

M

arke

ted

surp

lus

388.

64

192.

03

316.

49

1967

.86

964.

66

103.

48

258.

09

238.

34

111.

04

621.

76

5162

.40

Mar

kets

whe

re s

old

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ocal

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(w

ithin

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te)

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ista

nt (

outs

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stat

e)

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st h

arve

st lo

sses

8.

64

4.27

7.

03

43.7

3 21

.44

2.30

5.

74

5.30

2.

47

13.8

2 11

4.72

St

one

frui

ts

Prod

uctio

n 75

5.36

31

3.64

32

8.59

28

8.01

11

77.0

5 13

4.23

35

4.53

43

4.74

10

24

1183

59

93

Con

sum

ptio

n 7.

55

3.14

3.

29

2.88

11

.77

1.34

3.

55

4.35

10

.24

11.8

3 59

.93

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s 74

7.81

31

0.50

32

5.30

28

5.13

11

65.2

8 13

2.89

35

0.98

43

0.39

10

13.7

6 11

71.1

7 59

33.0

7

Mar

kets

whe

re s

old

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ocal

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nt (

outs

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st h

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15

.11

6.27

6.

57

5.76

23

.54

2.68

7.

09

8.69

20

.48

23.6

6 11

9.86

N

uts

Prod

uctio

n 33

.73

67.3

4 51

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90.2

6 72

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35.9

8 81

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41.0

7 58

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171.

95

703.

66

Con

sum

ptio

n 3.

37

6.73

5.

13

9.03

7.

24

3.60

8.

12

4.11

5.

85

17.2

0 70

.37

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s 30

.36

60.6

1 46

.15

81.2

3 65

.13

32.3

8 73

.07

36.9

6 52

.62

154.

76

633.

29

Mar

kets

whe

re s

old

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ocal

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117

Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

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Post

har

vest

loss

es

0.34

0.

67

0.51

0.

90

0.72

0.

36

0.81

0.

41

0.58

1.

72

7.04

O

ther

tem

pera

te fr

uits

Pr

oduc

tion

364.

41

22.7

3 22

3.05

60

3.11

73

8.09

12

5.62

24

95.7

9 12

5.35

31

.96

646.

22

5376

C

onsu

mpt

ion

36.4

4 2.

27

22.3

1 60

.31

73.8

1 12

.56

249.

58

12.5

4 3.

20

64.6

2 53

7.60

M

arke

ted

surp

lus

327.

97

20.4

6 20

0.75

54

2.80

66

4.28

11

3.06

22

46.2

1 11

2.82

28

.76

581.

60

4838

.40

Mar

kets

whe

re s

old

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ocal

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7.

29

0.45

4.

46

12.0

6 14

.76

2.51

49

.92

2.51

0.

64

12.9

2 10

7.52

C

itrus

Pr

oduc

tion

80.1

4 0.

37

1.61

3.

59

31.3

4 0.

04

3.87

2.

57

9.22

5.

97

139

Con

sum

ptio

n 8.

01

0.04

0.

16

0.36

3.

13

0.00

0.

39

0.26

0.

92

0.60

13

.90

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s 72

.13

0.33

1.

45

3.23

28

.21

0.04

3.

48

2.31

8.

30

5.37

12

5.10

M

arke

ts w

here

sol

d

Loc

al

� �

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ista

nt (

with

in s

tate

) �

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Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Post

har

vest

loss

es

0.80

0.

00

0.02

0.

04

0.31

0.

00

0.04

0.

03

0.09

0.

06

1.39

M

ango

Pr

oduc

tion

232.

96

0.00

23

.79

0.00

18

8.14

0.

00

262.

99

0.00

10

4.81

0.

31

812.

98

Con

sum

ptio

n 23

.30

0.00

2.

38

0.00

18

.81

0.00

26

.30

0.00

10

.48

0.03

81

.30

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s 20

9.66

0.

00

21.4

1 0.

00

169.

33

0.00

23

6.69

0.

00

94.3

3 0.

28

731.

68

Mar

kets

whe

re s

old

L

ocal

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ista

nt (

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stat

e)

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- Po

st h

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4.

66

0.00

0.

48

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3.

76

0.00

5.

26

0.00

2.

10

0.01

16

.26

Oth

er su

b-tr

opic

al f

ruits

Pr

oduc

tion

40.0

9 0.

00

17.5

1 0.

00

12.8

7 0.

01

7.68

0.

00

1.55

0.

00

79.7

2 C

onsu

mpt

ion

4.01

0.

00

1.75

0.

00

1.29

0.

00

0.77

0.

00

0.16

0.

00

7.97

M

arke

ted

surp

lus

36.0

8 0.

00

15.7

6 0.

00

11.5

8 0.

01

6.91

0.

00

1.40

0.

00

71.7

5 M

arke

ts w

here

sol

d

Loc

al

� -

� -

� �

� -

� -

� D

ista

nt (

with

in s

tate

) -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Post

har

vest

loss

es

2.00

0.

00

0.88

0.

00

0.64

0.

00

0.38

0.

00

0.08

0.

00

3.99

So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

118

Tab

le 5

.11

Blo

ck-w

ise

Prod

uctio

n an

d D

ispo

sal o

f Liv

esto

ck P

rodu

cts a

nd L

ives

tock

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Part

icul

ars

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bal

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

Milk

(Ton

nes/

Yea

r)

Prod

uctio

n 13

456.

43

8694

.06

2360

8.76

10

108.

61

3734

6.03

57

40.0

6 11

032.

28

2008

4.45

16

718.

53

1948

5.20

16

6274

.40

Con

sum

ptio

n 54

51.9

7 53

26.4

0 76

38.6

3 69

04.3

8 27

578.

24

2544

.62

5810

.66

1119

4.24

94

61.1

2 94

32.4

3 91

342.

68

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s 80

04.4

7 33

67.6

6 15

970.

13

3204

.23

9767

.79

3195

.44

5221

.62

8890

.21

7257

.41

1005

2.76

74

931.

72

Woo

l(Ton

nes/

Yea

r)

Prod

uctio

n 1.

52

46.2

1 10

.67

3.97

3.

15

3.59

2.

35

4.19

27

.25

2.88

10

5.78

C

onsu

mpt

ion

1.52

23

.11

6.74

3.

07

2.05

2.

09

1.98

2.

59

17.2

5 1.

80

68.2

0 M

arke

ted

surp

lus

0.00

23

.11

3.93

0.

90

1.10

1.

50

0.36

1.

60

10

1.08

37

.58

Shee

p/go

at

mar

kete

d (N

o./Y

ear)

843

6223

41

86

822

745

607

676

478

4172

90

6 19

658

Cat

tle a

nd b

uffa

loes

m

arke

ted

(No.

/Yea

r)

289

232

590

283

538

104

165

226

303

506

3236

Equ

ines

mar

kete

d

(No.

/ ye

ar)

13

53

79

15

25

7 8

36

21

83

340

Poul

try

bird

s

mar

kete

d (N

o. /y

r )

180

721

250

214

119

69

67

402

140

114

2276

Egg

s m

arke

ted

( N

o./y

r )

1795

0 72

060

2500

0 21

400

1191

0 68

70

6660

40

240

1403

0 11

390

2275

10

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey

2007

-08

119

Tab

le 5

.12

Blo

ck-w

ise

Agr

icul

tura

l Inf

rast

ruct

ure

(Num

ber)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Part

icul

ars

B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

Col

lect

ion

cent

res

E

- -

- 1

- 1

- -

- -

2 R

2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 20

M

arke

t yar

d/ s

ub-

yard

E

1

1 2

1 1

1 8

R

1

1 1

1

1

1

5 M

arke

t in

form

atio

n ce

ntre

E

1

1 2

1 1

1 7

R

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

10

Co-

oper

ativ

e in

put s

ocie

ty

E

26

35

43

88

115

26

59

43

58

66

559

R

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

20

Ban

k br

anch

es

E

8 7

13

22

80

8 19

16

20

15

20

8 R

2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 20

A

gric

ultu

re s

ale

cent

res

E

3 2

4 2

8 -

2 4

2 3

30

R

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

10

Gov

t. fe

rtili

zer

sale

cen

tre

E

2 11

9

14

8 -

7 10

11

14

86

R

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 10

Sa

le c

entr

es o

f ag

ro-i

ndus

trie

s/

IFFC

O/ H

IMFE

D

E

- -

- -

- -

- 1

3 1

5 R

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 10

HIM

FED

W

hole

sale

ce

ntre

s

E

8 R

2

Hor

ticul

ture

sal

e ce

ntre

s E

5

6 6

22

7 13

9

16

17

11

99

R

T

ruck

uni

on

E

1 -

1 1

1 -

- 1

1 1

7 R

-

- -

- -

- 1

--

- -

1 N

ote:

E: E

xist

ing,

R: R

equi

red

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

120

Tab

le 5

.13

Blo

ck-w

ise

Fina

ncia

l Est

imat

es fo

r M

arke

t Inf

rast

ruct

ure

of L

ives

tock

Pro

duct

s (R

s. L

akhs

) in

Shim

la D

istr

ict

Part

icul

ars

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

o.

Fund

s N

o.

Fund

s N

o.

Fund

s N

o.

Fund

s N

o.

Fund

s N

o.

Fund

s C

hilli

ng p

lant

s 1

12

1 12

1

12

1 12

1

12

1 12

R

efri

gera

ted

vans

1

10

1 10

1

10

1 10

1

10

1 10

Pa

ckag

ing

mac

hine

s 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2

Tot

al

3 19

3

19

3 19

3

19

3 19

3

19

Tab

le 5

.13

cont

…

Part

icul

ars

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

N

o.

Fund

s N

o.

Fund

s N

o.

Fund

s N

o.

Fund

s N

o.

Fund

s C

hilli

ng p

lant

s 1

12

1 12

1

12

1 12

10

12

0 R

efri

gera

ted

vans

1

10

1 10

1

10

1 10

10

10

0 Pa

ckag

ing

mac

hine

s 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 10

20

T

otal

3

19

3 19

3

19

3 19

30

24

0 So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

121

Tab

le 5

.14

Exi

stin

g B

lock

Lev

el S

chem

es in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t

Blo

ck

No.

of

villa

ges

Ben

efic

iari

es

(No.

) Fu

nds (

Rs.

Lak

hs)

Stat

us

Cen

tre

shar

e St

ate

shar

e B

ank

Tot

al

Com

plet

e (N

o.)

Inco

mpl

ete

(No.

) A

dditi

onal

fu

nds

requ

ired

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

Rur

al M

arke

ts

Bas

antp

ur

- -

- -

- -

- -

- C

hirg

aon

- -

- -

- -

- -

- C

hopa

l 1

1000

0 -

- -

3.32

1

- -

Jubb

al

2 50

00

- -

- 3.

32

1 -

- M

asho

bra

- 12

000

- -

- 6.

64

2 -

- N

ankh

ari

1 -

- -

- -

- -

- N

arka

nda

1 50

00

- -

- 3.

32

1 -

- R

ohro

o 1

3000

-

- -

3.32

1

- -

Ram

pur

1 16

173

- -

- 3.

32

1 -

- T

heog

1

4020

-

- -

3.32

1

- -

Tot

al

8 55

193

- -

26

.56

8 -

- R

ural

Roa

ds

Bas

antp

ur

35

2000

20

-

7.50

27

.50

33

2 10

00

Chi

rgao

n 23

0.9

km

4000

25

9 11

1

370

90

10

200

Cho

pal

50

8000

21

0 90

-

300

35

15

200

Jubb

al

140

km

1000

15

6.80

83

.2

- 24

0 80

20

%

300

Mas

hobr

a 25

km

30

00

28

12

- 40

20

5

200

Nan

khar

i 92

km

58

31

220.

5 94

.50

- 31

5 80

km

12

km

32

5 N

arka

nda

24 k

m

1063

0 73

.50

31.5

0 -

105

- -

100

Roh

roo

740.

08 k

m

3660

82

9 -

355

1184

-

- 40

0 R

ampu

r

910.

4 km

40

000

1020

43

7 -

1457

80

20

%

500

The

og

25 k

m

3000

0 28

12

-

40

25 k

m

- 20

0 T

otal

22

72.3

8 10

8121

28

44.8

0 87

1.20

36

2.50

40

78.5

0 44

3 84

34

25

122

Tab

le 5

.14

cont

...

Blo

ck

No.

of

villa

ges

Ben

efic

iari

es

(No.

) Fu

nds

(Rs.

Lakh

s)

Stat

us

Cen

tre

shar

e St

ate

shar

e B

ank

(N

AB

AR

D)

Tot

al

Com

plet

e (N

o.)

In

com

plet

e (N

o.)

A

dditi

onal

fu

nds

requ

ired

(Rs.

lakh

s)

Bri

dges

B

asan

tpur

5

2000

-

16

4 20

5

- -

Chi

rgao

n 13

30

00

- 41

.60

10.4

0 52

10

3

15

Cho

pal

55

6000

-

176

44

220

50

5 25

Ju

bbal

1

500

- 4

5

1 -

15

Mas

hobr

a 5

2000

-

16

4 20

5

- 25

N

ankh

ari

2 50

0 -

8 2

10

- -

5 N

arka

nda

- -

- -

- -

- -

- R

ohro

o 19

36

60

- 76

19

95

-

- 30

R

ampu

r 6

1614

3 -

30

- 30

-

- 10

T

heog

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tot

al

106

3383

3 -

367.

6 84

.40

452

71

8 12

5.0

Oth

er E

xist

ing

Agr

icul

tura

l Sch

emes

B

asan

tpur

5

1200

20

3

- 23

1

4 20

C

hirg

aon

- -

- -

- -

- -

- C

hopa

l 2

5000

9

1 -

10

1 1

5 Ju

bbal

10

65

00

18

2 -

20

10

- -

Mas

hobr

a 4

1000

14

2

- 14

-

- -

Nan

khar

i -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Nar

kand

a 5

1003

0 9.

5 2.

5 -

12

5 -

200

Roh

roo

20

3444

-

5 -

5 -

- 5

Ram

pur

2 88

-

- 12

.44

12.4

4 -

- -

The

og

5 50

00

22.5

7.

5 -

30.0

0 -

- 10

0

Tot

al

53

3226

2 93

23

12

.44

126.

44

17

4 33

0

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

123

Tab

le 5

.15

Blo

ck-w

ise

Stat

us o

f Hum

an R

esou

rce

for

Agr

icul

tura

l Dev

elop

men

t in

Shim

la D

istr

ict (

Num

ber)

Blo

ck

SMS

(Agr

i) A

DO

s A

EO

s SM

S (H

orti)

H

DO

s

S P

R

S P

R

S P

R

S P

R

S P

R

Bas

antp

ur

1 1

- 2

0 3

8 3

7 -

- 1

1 1

1 C

hirg

aon

1 -

- 2

- -

6 1

- -

- 1

1 1

1 C

hopa

l 1

- -

2 -

- 8

1 -

- -

1 2

- -

Jubb

al

1 -

2

1 2

8 1

- 1

1 -

4 2

- M

asho

bra

1 1

- 2

1 -

8 4

- -

- 1

1 1

- N

ankh

ari

1 -

1 1

1 -

- -

6 -

- 1

1 1

- N

arka

nda

1 -

- 1

- 1

3 1

- 1

- 1

1 1

- R

ohro

o 1

1 -

- 2

- 1

2 -

1 1

- 2

2 -

Ram

pur

1 -

- 2

1 -

8 2

- 1

1 -

7 7

- T

heog

1

1 -

2 2

- 9

1 -

- -

1 1

1 -

Tot

al

10

4 1

16

8 6

59

16

13

4 3

7 21

17

2

Tab

le 5

.15

cont

……

…

Blo

ck

HE

Os

Sr. V

eter

inar

y of

ficer

s

V

eter

inar

y do

ctor

s

O

ther

s

S

P R

S

P R

S

P R

S

P R

B

asan

tpur

4

2 2

- -

0 3

3 2

28

23

- C

hirg

aon

8 4

- -

- -

3 3

- 21

21

-

Cho

pal

6 3

3 1

1 -

5 2

- 34

33

-

Jubb

al

12

10

- 1

1 -

3 3

1 21

21

-

Mas

hobr

a 5

4 1

2 2

- 9

8 -

62

62

- N

ankh

ari

3 3

- -

- 1

1 1

- 13

12

-

Nar

kand

a 5

5 1

- -

1 6

4 -

28

25

- R

ohro

o -

- -

1 1

- 7

7 -

11

11

11

Ram

pur

19

19

- 1

1 -

11

7 -

174

161

- T

heog

10

10

1

1 1

- 5

5 -

32

31

T

otal

72

60

8

7 7

2 53

43

3

424

400

11

124

Tab

le 5

.15

cont

…

Blo

ck

Ext

ensio

n pe

rson

nel f

or

Bee

kee

ping

M

ushr

oom

s Fl

oric

ultu

re

Fish

erie

s Se

ricu

lture

S P

R

S P

R

S P

R

S P

R

S P

R

Bas

antp

ur

- -

1 -

- 1

- -

1 -

- -

- -

1 C

hirg

aon

- -

1 -

- 1

- -

1 -

- -

- -

1 C

hopa

l -

- 2

- -

3 -

- 1

- -

- -

- 1

Jubb

al

- -

1 -

- 1

- -

1 -

- -

- -

1 M

asho

bra

- -

1 -

- 1

- -

1 -

- -

- -

- N

ankh

ari

- -

1 -

- 1

- -

1 -

- -

- -

- N

arka

nda

- -

- -

- 1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- R

ohro

o -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Ram

pur

- -

1 -

- 1

- -

- -

- -

- -

1 T

heog

-

- 1

- -

1 -

- 1

- -

- -

- -

Tot

al

- -

9 -

- 11

-

- 7

- -

- -

- 5

Not

e: S

– S

anct

ione

d, P

– P

ositi

on, R

– R

equi

red

So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

Tab

le 5

.16

Blo

ck-w

ise

Fina

ncia

l Ass

ista

nce

for

Hum

an R

esou

rce

Dev

elop

men

t in

Shim

la D

istr

ict (

Rs.

Lakh

s)

Blo

ck

Ist Y

ear

2 nd

Yea

r 3rd

Yea

r 4th

Yea

r 5th

Yea

r T

otal

1.

Add

ition

al M

anpo

wer

B

asan

tpur

53

.80

53.8

0 53

.80

53.8

0 53

.96

269.

15

Chi

rgao

n19

.85

19.8

5 19

.85

19.8

5 19

.96

99.3

5 C

hopa

l33

.20

33.2

0 33

.20

33.2

0 33

.26

166.

05

Jubb

al35

.50

35.5

0 35

.50

35.5

0 35

.71

177.

70

Mas

hobr

a12

.05

12.0

5 12

.05

12.0

5 12

.16

60.3

5 N

ankh

ari

26.5

0 26

.50

26.5

0 26

.50

26.7

1 13

2.70

N

arka

nda

18.6

5 18

.65

18.6

5 18

.65

18.7

6 93

.35

Roh

roo

1.55

1.

55

1.55

1.

55

1.71

7.

90

Ram

pur

10.8

0 10

.80

10.8

0 10

.80

10.8

1 54

.00

The

og12

.65

12.6

5 12

.65

12.6

5 12

.76

63.3

5 D

istr

ict

224.

55

224.

55

224.

55

224.

55

225.

71

1124

2.

C

apac

ity b

uild

ing

of

exte

nsio

n pe

rson

nel @

3%

6.

8 6.

8 6.

8 6.

8 6.

8 34

T

otal

(1+

2)

231.

35

231.

35

231.

35

231.

35

232.

51

1158

So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

125

Tab

le 5

.17

Blo

ck-w

ise

Une

mpl

oym

ent S

tatu

s for

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t (N

umbe

r)

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

Edu

catio

n B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

Mat

ricu

late

Mal

e

5894

66

30

1341

0 61

44

4204

4 15

94

6370

10

040

1588

8 13

500

1215

14

Fem

ale

38

20

3283

15

840

6672

35

512

1126

45

83

2640

11

625

9800

94

901

Tot

al

9714

99

13

2925

0 12

816

7755

6 27

20

1095

3 12

680

2751

3 23

300

2164

15

Plus

two

Mal

e 13

99

2730

90

90

4272

12

420

1343

36

40

1072

0 10

385

9000

64

999

Fem

ale

1646

13

33

6660

36

96

8924

68

0 34

45

2200

78

66

7300

43

750

Tot

al

3045

40

63

1575

0 79

68

2134

4 20

23

7085

12

920

1825

1 16

300

1087

49

Gra

duat

e

Mal

e

529

689

2304

34

08

3910

40

8 25

55

3200

29

45

4750

24

698

Fem

ale

848

286

1476

17

76

2438

35

3 20

28

1520

25

96

2650

15

971

Tot

al

1377

97

5 37

80

5148

63

48

761

4583

47

20

5541

74

00

4066

9

Post

gr

adua

te

Mal

e

232

98

459

1536

12

60

119

1365

12

24

969

1330

85

92

Fem

ale

38

4 46

43

2 72

0 69

9 89

16

51

776

1186

66

0 66

43

Tot

al

616

144

891

2256

19

59

208

3016

20

00

2155

19

90

1523

5

Tec

h.

trai

ned

Mal

e

167

163

1485

77

8 36

8 13

6 42

3 18

4 26

4 40

0 43

68

Fem

ale

341

85

1548

20

2 -

77

176

64

56

240

2789

Tot

al

508

248

3033

98

0 36

8 21

3 59

9 24

8 32

0 64

0 71

57

Tot

al

Mal

e 82

21

1031

0 26

748

1613

8 60

002

3600

14

353

2536

8 30

451

2898

0 22

4171

Fem

ale

7039

50

33

2595

6 13

066

4757

3 23

25

1188

3 72

00

2332

9 20

650

1640

54

126

Tab

le 5

.18

Blo

ck-w

ise

Pote

ntia

l Ent

erpr

ises

for

Une

mpl

oym

ent a

nd A

ssis

tanc

e R

equi

red

(Per

cen

t Em

ploy

ed)

Ent

erpr

ises

A

ssis

tanc

e R

equi

red

Mat

ric

Sr. S

ec.

Gra

duat

e Po

st-

grad

uate

T

ech

Tot

al

Tec

h.

Cre

dit

Mar

ketin

g B

asan

tpur

Agr

o ba

sed

�

�

25

15

9 8

7 12

.8

Hor

ti. b

ased

�

�

10

10

10

9 8

9.40

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

15

10

8 7

6 9.

20

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

20

20

25

25

10

20

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

�

2

3 4

5 1

3

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

5

10

12

11

15

10.6

Rur

al in

dust

ry

�

8

10

15

16

18

13.4

0

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

1

2 2

3 15

4.

60

Prot

ectiv

e cu

ltiva

tion

�

�

2 3

4 5

1 3.

0

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

1 2

2 3

1 1.

8

Agr

o to

uris

m

�

2

3 4

5 1

3.0

Anc

illar

y �

9 12

5

6 17

9.

8

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

Chi

rgao

n

Agr

o ba

sed

�

�

15

16

12

11

10

12.8

Hor

ti ba

sed

� �

� 25

20

25

27

12

21

.8

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

10

13

10

8 7

9.6

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

13

12

17

18

9 13

.8

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

�

3

5 6

8 1

4.6

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

8

7 5

2 5

5.4

Rur

al in

dust

ry

�

5

8 7

10

13

8.6

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

10

7

5 3

15

8

Prot

ectiv

e cu

ltiva

tion

�

�

2 2

3 4

2 2.

6

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

�

1 3

3 3

1 2.

2

Agr

o to

uris

m

� �

1

2 2

2 4

2.2

127

Tab

le 5

.18

cont

...

Anc

illar

y �

7 5

5 4

21

8.4

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

Cho

pal

Agr

o ba

sed

�

�

14

17

13

12

10

13.2

Hor

ti. b

ased

�

�

23

22

24

20

11

20

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

9 14

12

10

8

10.6

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

�

12

11

16

15

7 12

.2

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

�

4

6 7

9 2

5.6

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

9

8 6

6 7

7.2

Rur

al in

dust

ry

6

6 4

9 15

8.

0

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

9

3 4

4 12

6.

4

Prot

ectiv

e cu

ltiva

tion

�

� �

3 3

3 3

1 2.

6

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

� �

1 2

3 2

2 2.

0

Agr

o to

uris

m

� �

2

2 1

2 5

2.4

Anc

illar

y �

�

8 6

7 8

20

9.8

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

Jubb

al

Agr

o ba

sed

�

�

14

12

10

9 8

10.6

Hor

ti ba

sed

� �

� 23

24

28

29

10

22

.8

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

� �

11

10

8 9

9 9.

4

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

�

12

15

15

17

5 12

.8

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

�

4

4 7

7 2

4.8

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

7

8 6

3 9

6.6

Rur

al in

dust

ry

� �

6

7 4

9 10

7.

2

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

10

8

8 4

18

9.6

Prot

ectiv

e cu

ltiva

tion

�

�

2 3

2 3

2 2.

4

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

�

2 2

3 2

2 2.

2

Agr

o to

uris

m

� �

1

1 2

1 1

1.2

128

Tab

le 5

.18

cont

...

Anc

illar

y �

�

8 6

7 7

24

10.4

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

Mas

hobr

a

Agr

o ba

sed

�

�

13

11

9 8

7 9.

6

Hor

ti. b

ased

�

� �

24

25

27

30

11

23.4

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

10

9 7

8 8

8.4

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

�

13

16

16

18

6 13

.8

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

� �

5

5 8

8 3

5.8

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

6

7 5

2 8

5.6

Rur

al in

dust

ry

� �

7

8 5

10

11

8.2

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

9

7 7

3 18

8.

8 Pr

otec

tive

culti

vatio

n

� �

2

3 2

3 2

2.4

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

�

1 1

4 1

1 1.

6

Agr

o to

uris

m

� �

2

2 3

2 2

2.2

Anc

illar

y �

�

8 6

7 7

23

10.2

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 N

ankh

ari

A

gro

base

d

�

� 12

10

8

7 6

8.6

Hor

ti ba

sed

� �

� 25

26

28

31

12

24

.4

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

12

11

9 10

10

10

.4

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

�

11

14

14

16

4 11

.8

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

� �

4

4 7

7 2

4.8

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

7

8 6

3 8

6.4

Rur

al in

dust

ry

� �

� 8

9 6

11

12

9.2

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

8

6 6

2 17

7.

8 Pr

otec

tive

culti

vatio

n

� �

1

2 1

2 1

1.4

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

�

2 2

5 2

2 2.

6 A

gro

tour

ism

�

�

1 1

2 1

1 1.

2 A

ncill

ary

� �

9

7 8

8 25

11

.4

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

129

Tab

le 5

.18

cont

...

Nar

kand

a

Agr

o ba

sed

�

�

10

8 6

5 4

6.6

Hor

ti. b

ased

�

� �

27

28

30

33

14

26.4

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

10

9 7

8 8

8.4

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

�

13

16

16

18

6 13

.8

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

� �

3

3 6

6 1

3.8

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

8

9 7

4 9

7.4

Rur

al in

dust

ry

� �

� 7

8 5

10

11

8.2

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

7

5 5

1 18

7.

2

Prot

ectiv

e cu

ltiva

tion

�

�

2 3

2 3

2 2.

4

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

�

1 1

4 1

1 1.

6

Agr

o to

uris

m

� �

2

2 3

2 2

2.2

Anc

illar

y �

�

10

8 9

9 24

12

.0

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

Roh

roo

Agr

o ba

sed

�

�

8 10

5

6 5

6.8

Hor

ti ba

sed

� �

� 28

27

32

30

13

26

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

9 10

9

7 7

8.4

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

�

16

13

18

16

7 14

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

� �

3

3 6

6 2

4

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

9

8 4

7 8

7.2

Rur

al in

dust

ry

� �

� 8

7 10

5

10

8

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

� 5

7 1

5 19

7.

4

Prot

ectiv

e cu

ltiva

tion

�

�

3 2

3 2

1 2.

2

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

�

1 1

1 4

2 1.

8

Agr

o to

uris

m

� �

2

2 2

3 1

2.0

Anc

illar

y �

�

8 10

9

9 25

12

.2

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

130

Tab

le 5

.18

cont

...

Ram

pur

Agr

o ba

sed

�

�

17

20

16

13

13

15.8

Hor

ti. b

ased

�

� �

20

19

21

19

8 17

.4

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

10

15

13

11

9 11

.6

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

� �

11

10

15

14

6 11

.2

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

� �

3

5 6

8 1

4.6

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

10

9

7 7

8 8.

2

Rur

al in

dust

ry

� �

5

5 3

8 14

7

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

10

4

5 5

13

7.4

Prot

ectiv

e cu

ltiva

tion

�

�

2 2

2 2

1 1.

8

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

�

2 3

4 3

2 2.

8

Agr

o to

uris

m

� �

1

2 2

3 4

2.4

Anc

illar

y �

�

9 6

6 7

21

9.8

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

The

og

Agr

o ba

sed

�

�

20

19

21

19

11

18

Hor

ti ba

sed

� �

� 17

20

16

13

10

15

.2

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

11

10

15

14

6 11

.2

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

� �

10

15

13

11

9 11

.6

Inpu

t sup

ply

base

d

� �

4

6 7

9 2

5.6

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

� �

9

8 6

6 7

7.2

Rur

al in

dust

ry

� �

6

6 4

9 15

8

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

9

3 4

4 12

6.

4

Prot

ectiv

e cu

ltiva

tion

�

�

1 1

1 2

1 1.

2

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

�

3 4

5 3

2 3.

4

Agr

o to

uris

m

� �

2

3 3

4 5

3.4

Anc

illar

y �

�

8 5

5 6

20

8.8

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

131

Tab

le 5

.18

cont

...

Dis

tric

t

Agr

o ba

sed

� �

� 14

.8

13.8

10

.9

9.8

8.1

11.4

8

Hor

ti. b

ased

�

� �

22.2

22

.1

24.1

24

.1

10.9

20

.68

Liv

esto

ck b

ased

�

� �

10.7

11

.1

9.8

9.2

7.8

9.72

Mar

ketin

g &

pro

cess

ing

base

d �

� �

13.1

14

.2

16.5

16

.8

6.9

13.5

0

Inpu

t sup

ply

bas

ed

� �

3.

5 4.

4 6.

4 7.

3 1.

7 4.

66

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

�

7.

8 8.

2 6.

4 5.

1 8.

4 7.

18

Rur

al in

dust

ry

� �

� 6.

6 7.

4 6.

3 9.

7 12

.9

8.58

Impl

emen

ts a

nd m

achi

nery

rep

air

� �

� 7.

8 5.

2 4.

7 3.

4 15

.7

7.36

Prot

ectiv

e cu

ltiva

tion

� �

� 2.

0 2.

4 2.

3 2.

9 1.

4 2.

20

Org

anic

far

min

g / v

erm

icom

post

�

� �

1.5

2.1

3.4

2.4

1.6

2.20

Agr

o to

uris

m

� �

1.

6 2.

0 2.

4 2.

5 2.

6 2.

22

Anc

illar

y �

�

8.4

7.1

6.8

7.1

22.0

10

.28

Tot

al

� �

� 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

132

Tab

le 5

.19

Blo

ck-w

ise

Stat

us o

f Agr

i-Bus

ines

s Est

ablis

hmen

ts in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t (N

umbe

r)

Blo

ck

Agr

o sa

le c

entr

es

PAC

S R

ural

han

dicr

aft (

Publ

ic)

Rur

al h

andi

craf

t (Pr

ivat

e )

Exi

stin

g un

its

Req

uire

men

t E

xist

ing

units

R

equi

rem

ent

Exi

stin

g un

its

Req

uire

men

t E

xist

ing

units

R

equi

rem

ent

Bas

antp

ur

3 2

4 2

1 1

- 5

Chi

rgao

n 18

-

- 2

- 4

- 4

Cho

pal

16

5 42

12

10

0 12

10

0 15

Ju

bbal

10

15

27

40

-

1 -

2 M

asho

bra

- 15

-

10

2 15

-

20

Nan

khar

i -

2 -

5 0

4 31

15

N

arka

nda

5 6

- 2

- 5

- 2

Roh

roo

8 3

28

4 53

0 2

- 3

Ram

pur

2 2

- 10

30

5

4 4

The

og

1 7

18

- -

15

18

28

Dis

tric

t 63

57

11

9 87

66

3 64

15

3 98

Tab

le 5

.19

cont

…

Blo

ck

Coo

pera

tives

Pr

oces

sing

so

ciet

y(P

ublic

)

Priv

ate

co-o

pera

tive’

s Fa

rmer

’s C

oope

rativ

es

Oth

ers (

Ver

mic

ompo

st)

Exi

stin

g un

its

Req

uire

men

t E

xist

ing

units

R

equi

rem

ent

Exi

stin

g un

its

Req

uire

men

t E

xist

ing

units

R

equi

rem

ent

Bas

antp

ur

- 2

- -

- 10

-

- C

hirg

aon

- -

- -

31

- -

- C

hopa

l -

- -

- 42

12

-

- Ju

bbal

-

1 -

3 86

10

0 -

- M

asho

bra

- 20

-

20

- 15

-

- N

ankh

ari

- 1

- 1

- 1

- -

Nar

kand

a -

- -

- -

- -

- R

ohro

o -

1 -

- 8

8 1

4 R

ampu

r -

- -

- -

- -

- T

heog

-

- -

- -

1 -

- D

istr

ict

- 25

24

167

147

1 4

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

133

Tab

le 5

.20

Blo

ck-w

ise

Stat

us o

f Agr

o Pr

oces

sing

Uni

ts/E

nter

pris

es in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t

Part

icul

ars

Exi

stin

g Po

tent

ial

Fina

ncia

l/ as

sista

nce

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

Uni

ts

(No.

) Pe

rson

sem

ploy

ed(N

o.)

Inve

stm

ent

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

Prod

./ da

yU

nits

(No.

) E

mpl

oym

ent

pote

ntia

l (N

o.)

Inve

stm

ent

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

Prod

./ da

yT

rain

ing

Res

earc

h D

evel

op

Bas

antp

urA

tta c

hakk

i 50

10

0 1

500q

tl 25

15

0 10

.5

-

- -

Oil

expe

ller

2 1

0.2

200

lit

3 2

0.4

0.

05

- 0.

10

Ric

e sh

elle

r 2

1 0.

1 10

0 qt

l 3

2 0.

24

-

- -

Bak

ery

1 2

0.08

12

qtl

2 3

0.24

- -

- M

aize

she

ller

200

200

8 10

00 q

tl 30

0 30

0 24

2 -

4 V

erm

icom

post

15

0 15

0 37

.50

2500

qtl

200

300

100

5

- 45

M

ushr

oom

com

post

2

4 0.

8 10

qtl

3 4

1.8

0.

2 -

0.6

Rur

al c

raft

s (b

aske

t, ro

pes,

bi

ns, p

loug

h, d

anda

l too

ls)

600

600

60

600

No

200

200

30

2

- 10

.0

Nur

sery

rai

sing

50

50

2.

5 25

lakh

75

75

6

0.

20

- 2.

0 Fl

ower

nur

sery

10

10

1

30 la

kh

15

15

2.25

0.25

-

1 Se

ed p

rodu

ctio

n 10

10

0.

8 10

qtl

15

15

1.8

0.

20

- 0.

60

Potte

ry

3 3

1.05

30

00 N

o 5

5 3.

5

0.25

-

1 Fe

ed m

ill

0 0

0 0

2 20

1

0.

20

- -

Frui

t and

veg

etab

le

proc

essi

ng

0 0

0 0

1 10

0 1.

5

0.20

-

-

Pick

les/

squ

ashe

s 0

0 0

0 10

50

1

0.

25

- -

Puls

e pr

oces

sing

(D

al

papa

d, b

aria

n)

0 0

0 0

1 10

0.

08

-

- -

Bee

keep

ing

equi

pmen

ts

0 0

0 0

10

50

4

0.25

-

1 H

oney

pro

cess

ing

0 0

0 0

1 10

0.

25

-

- -

Woo

l car

ding

0

0 0

0 1

15

0.35

0.10

-

- C

otto

n ca

rdin

g 0

0 0

0 1

10

0.25

- -

- Sh

awl,

woo

llen

garm

ents

0

0 0

0 1

50

0.2

0.

20

- 0.

20

Silk

ree

ling

0

0 0

0 1

10

0.25

0.25

-

0.25

T

otal

10

80

1131

11

3.03

885

1396

18

9.61

11.6

-

65.7

5

134

Tab

le 5

.20

cont

….

Chi

rgao

n A

tta c

hakk

i 25

50

0.

5

17

70

5.1

-

- 1.

5

Oil

expe

ller

1 1

0.1

2

2 0.

3

- -

0.1

Ric

e sh

elle

r

-

- -

Bak

ery

- -

-

Mai

ze s

helle

r 10

0 10

0 4

15

0 15

0 12

10

- 3

Ver

mic

ompo

st

2 20

0.

5

2 20

1

-

- 1

Mus

hroo

m c

ompo

st

- -

-

Rur

al c

raft

(ba

sket

, ro

pes,

bin

s, p

loug

h,

dand

al, t

ools

, etc

.)

- -

-

Nur

sery

rai

sing

25

25

1.

25

10

10

0.

8

0.15

-

0.4

Flow

er n

urse

ry

- -

-

Seed

pro

duct

ion

5 5

0.4

7

7 0.

84

0.

10

- 0.

42

Potte

ry

2 1

1.4

-

- -

Feed

mill

1

10

0.5

0.

25

- -

Frui

t and

veg

etab

le

proc

essi

ng

1 10

0 1.

5

0.25

-

0.50

Pick

les/

squ

ashe

s

5

25

0.5

0.

25

- 0.

25

Puls

e pr

oces

sing

(D

al

papa

d, b

aria

n)

1 10

0.

08

-

- -

Bee

keep

ing

equi

pmen

ts

26

26

10.4

0.10

-

3

Hon

ey p

roce

ssin

g

1

10

0.25

0.10

-

-

Woo

l car

ding

1

15

0.35

0.10

-

-

Cot

ton

card

ing

1 10

0.

25

0.

10

- -

Shaw

l, w

oolle

n ga

rmen

ts

1 50

0.

20

0.

10

- 0.

10

Silk

ree

ling

1

10

0.25

0.10

-

0.15

Tot

al

158

201

6.75

229

527

35.7

2

2.70

-

10.4

2

135

Tab

le 5

.20

cont

….

Cho

pal

Atta

cha

kki

58

58

1.28

11

.6

100

100

25

- -

- 15

Oil

expe

ller

20

40

1 10

0 50

10

0 25

-

1 -

15

Ric

e sh

elle

r -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Bak

ery

1 3

0.4

- 6

20

3 -

0.5

- 1.

5

Mai

ze s

helle

r 30

00

1000

0 3

350

500

1000

5

- 0.

25

- 5

Ver

mic

ompo

st

200

100

1.5

1.5

300

2000

3

- 0.

5 -

2.5

Mus

hroo

m c

ompo

st

- -

- -

- -

4 -

- -

-

Rur

al c

raft

(ba

sket

, ro

pes,

bin

s, p

loug

h,

dand

al, t

ools

, etc

.)

100

500

2 50

00

150

500

3 -

0.5

- 0.

5

Nur

sery

rai

sing

50

50

0 10

25

000

100

100

-

0.25

-

1.5

Flow

er n

urse

ry

3 6

2 10

000

5 20

-

- 0.

20

- 2.

8

Seed

pro

duct

ion

1 G

ovt.

farm

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Potte

ry

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Feed

mill

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Frui

t and

veg

etab

le

proc

essi

ng

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Pick

les/

squ

ashe

s -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Puls

e pr

oces

sing

(D

al

papa

d, b

aria

n)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Bee

keep

ing

equi

pmen

ts

10

50

0.1

1.5

15

75

0.2

- 0.

10

- 0.

2

Hon

ey p

roce

ssin

g 10

50

0.

1 1.

5 -

- -

- -

- -

Woo

l car

ding

10

0 50

00

10

- -

- 8

- -

- -

Cot

ton

card

ing

8 16

2.

4 -

20

40

5 -

1 -

2

Shaw

l, w

oolle

n ga

rmen

ts

3 15

0.

75

- 10

30

-

- 0.

5 -

2.5

Silk

ree

ling

-

-

- -

- -

-

-

Tot

al

3564

16

338

-

1256

39

85

84.2

-

4.80

-

46.5

0

136

Tab

le 5

.20

cont

….

Jubb

al

Atta

cha

kki

136

282

0.3

290

20

150

10

- -

- -

Oil

expe

ller

- -

- -

15

40

7.5

- 0.

25

- 2.

5

Ric

e sh

elle

r -

- -

- 10

50

10

-

- -

2

Bak

ery

- -

- -

50

80

25

- -

- 5

Mai

ze s

helle

r -

- -

- 50

20

0 25

-

- -

5

Ver

mic

ompo

st

- -

- -

50

200

37.5

-

1.5

- 9.

38

Mus

hroo

m c

ompo

st

- -

- -

20

400

40

- 1.

0 -

10

Rur

al c

raft

(ba

sket

, rop

es,

bins

, plo

ugh,

dan

dal,

tool

s,

etc.

)

- -

- -

30

70

60

- 5.

0 -

10

Nur

sery

rai

sing

-

- -

- 10

40

20

-

0.20

-

4

Flow

er n

urse

ry

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Seed

pro

duct

ion

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Potte

ry

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Feed

mill

-

- -

- 20

55

30

-

1 -

4

Frui

t and

veg

etab

le

proc

essi

ng

- -

- -

2 20

0 40

0 -

1 -

100

Pick

les/

squ

ashe

s 1

5 3

15qt

l 3

20

15

- 1

- 5

Puls

e pr

oces

sing

(D

al p

apad

, ba

rian)

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Bee

keep

ing

equi

pmen

ts

- -

- -

2 7

4 -

0.10

-

1

Hon

ey p

roce

ssin

g -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Woo

l car

ding

-

- -

- 2

10

4 -

0.10

-

1

Cot

ton

card

ing

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Shaw

l, w

oolle

n ga

rmen

ts

- -

- -

1 20

2

- 0.

10

- 0.

50

Silk

ree

ling

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tot

al

137

287

3.3

28

5 15

42

690

- 11

.25

- 15

9.38

137

Tab

le: 5

.20

cont

….

Mas

hobr

a A

tta c

hakk

i 34

34

3.

4 60

0 -

- -

- -

- -

Oil

expe

ller

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Ric

e sh

elle

r -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Bak

ery

12

12

1 14

4 2

2 0.

50

- 0.

10

- 0.

25

Mai

ze s

helle

r -

- -

- -

- -

- 0.

10

- 0.

25

Ver

mic

ompo

st

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Mus

hroo

m c

ompo

st

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Rur

al c

raft

s

2 2

1 20

0 2

2 0.

50

- 0.

10

- 0.

15

Pick

les/

squ

ashe

s 24

48

24

36

0 4

8 4

- 0.

20

- 4

Puls

e pr

oces

sing

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Bee

keep

ing

equi

pmen

ts

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Hon

ey p

roce

ssin

g -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Woo

l car

ding

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Cot

ton

card

ing

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Shaw

l, w

oolle

n ga

rmen

ts

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Silk

ree

ling

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tot

al

72

96

29.4

0 -

8 10

5

- 0.

40

- 4.

65

Nan

khar

iA

tta c

hakk

i 48

48

5.

5 90

0 -

- -

- -

- -

Oil

expe

ller

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Ric

e sh

elle

r -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Bak

ery

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Mai

ze s

helle

r -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Ver

mi-

com

post

75

10

0 4

700

300

400

16

- 1

- 4

Mus

hroo

m c

ompo

st

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

138

Tab

le: 5

.20

cont

….

Rur

al c

raft

(ba

sket

, rop

es, b

ins,

pl

ough

, dan

dal t

ools

) 22

22

1

660

- 0

- -

- -

-

Nur

sery

rai

sing

4

8 2

2000

0 13

26

7

- 0.

50

- 1.

5

Cot

ton

card

ing

- -

- -

-

- -

- -

-

Shaw

l, w

oolle

n ga

rmen

ts

9 9

0.5

75

15

15

1.5

- 0.

25

- -

Silk

ree

ling

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tot

al

158

187

13

32

8 44

1 24

.5

- 1.

75

- 6

Nar

kand

a A

tta c

hakk

i -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Oil

expe

ller

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Ric

e sh

elle

r -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Bak

ery

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Mai

ze s

helle

r -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Ver

mic

ompo

st

- -

- -

10

5

0.

5

1

Mus

hroo

m c

ompo

st

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Rur

al c

raft

(ba

sket

, rop

es, b

ins,

pl

ough

, dan

dal t

ools

) -

- -

- 20

10

0.

10

2

Frui

t and

veg

etab

le p

roce

ssin

g -

- -

- 2

2

0.

10

0.

50

Pick

les/

squ

ashe

s -

- -

- 1

1

0.

10

0.

25

Tot

al

- -

- -

33

- 18

-

0.80

-

3.75

Roh

roo

Atta

cha

kki

70

70

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Oil

expe

ller

6 12

1.

5 Se

rvic

e un

it 12

24

5

- 0.

10

- 1

Ric

e sh

elle

r -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Bak

ery

2 15

15

-d

o-

2 15

20

-

0.20

-

4

Feed

mill

1

7 15

M

T

1 7

20

- 1

- 4

139

Tab

le: 5

.20

cont

….

Frui

t and

veg

etab

le p

roce

ssin

g -

- -

- 5

70

10

- 0.

50

- 2

Pick

les/

squ

ashe

s -

- -

- 4

20

1 -

0.10

-

0.5

Puls

e pr

oces

sing

(D

al p

apad

,)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- B

eeke

epin

g eq

uipm

ents

-

- -

- 50

20

0 50

-

- -

10

Silk

ree

ling

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tot

al

79

104

31.5

0

74

336

106

- 1.

90

- 21

.5

Ram

pur

Atta

cha

kki

160

160

16

3 -

- -

- -

- -

Oil

expe

ller

5 5

2.5

450L

-

- -

- -

- -

Ric

e sh

elle

r 15

15

1.

8 6

- -

- -

- -

- B

aker

y -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Mai

ze s

helle

r -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Ver

mic

ompo

st

1650

21

50

82.5

14

850

5000

70

00

150

- 5

- 20

M

ushr

oom

com

post

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Rur

al c

raft

(ba

sket

, rop

es, b

ins,

pl

ough

, dan

dal t

ools

) 70

70

0.

35

30N

o -

- -

- -

- -

Nur

sery

rai

sing

6

12

1.20

30

00

20

30

4 -

0.10

-

1 W

ool c

ardi

ng

55

55

0.55

55

0No

- -

- -

- -

- C

otto

n ca

rdin

g 7

7 0.

07

120N

o 15

15

15

-

1 -

4 Sh

awl,

woo

llen

garm

ents

18

18

0.

18

150N

o 25

25

25

-

1 -

5 Si

lk r

eelin

g

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- T

otal

19

86

2429

10

5.15

5060

70

70

194

- 7.

10

- 12

Tab

le: 5

.20

cont

….

The

ogA

tta c

hakk

i 10

16

30

.35

4320

4

7 2.

40

- -

- -

Oil

expe

ller

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- R

ice

shel

ler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- B

aker

y 1

2 0.

50

12

2 4

2 -

0.10

0.50

M

aize

she

ller

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- V

erm

icom

post

53

0 53

0 8.

16

36

200

200

6 -

0.20

1 M

ushr

oom

com

post

-

- -

- -

- -

-

Nur

sery

rai

sing

50

0 20

00

2 10

00 p

lot

100

400

400

- 0.

50

- 25

Fl

ower

nur

sery

5

20

5 50

00

5 20

10

-

0.20

-

2 T

otal

10

46

2568

46

.01

31

1 63

1 42

0.40

1.10

28.5

So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

140

Tab

le 5

.21

Blo

ck-w

ise

Fina

ncia

l Ass

ista

nce

for

Agr

o-pr

oces

sing

Uni

ts in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t (R

s. L

akhs

)

Blo

ck

Ist Y

ear

2nd

Yea

r 3rd

Yea

r 4th

Yea

r 5th

Yea

r T

otal

O

vera

ll E

D

E

D

E

D

E

D

E

D

E

D

(E

+D)

Bas

antp

ur

2.32

13

.15

2.32

13

.15

2.32

13

.15

2.32

13

.15

2.32

13

.15

11.6

0 65

.75

77.3

5

Chi

rgao

n0.

54

2.08

0.

54

2.08

0.

54

2.08

0.

54

2.08

0.

54

2.10

2.

70

10.4

2 13

.12

Cho

pal

0.96

9.

30

0.96

9.

30

0.96

9.

30

0.96

9.

30

0.96

9.

30

4.80

46

.50

51.3

0

Jubb

al2.

25

31.8

7 2.

25

31.8

7 2.

25

31.8

7 2.

25

31.8

7 2.

25

31.9

0 11

.25

159.

38

170.

63

Mas

hobr

a0.

08

0.93

0.

08

0.93

0.

08

0.93

0.

08

0.93

0.

08

0.93

0.

40

4.65

5.

05

Nan

khar

i0.

35

1.20

0.

35

1.20

0.

35

1.20

0.

35

1.20

0.

35

1.20

1.

75

6 7.

75

Nar

kand

a0.

16

0.75

0.

16

0.75

0.

16

0.75

0.

16

0.75

0.

16

0.75

0.

80

3.75

4.

55

Roh

roo

0.38

4.

30

0.38

4.

30

0.38

4.

30

0.38

4.

30

0.38

4.

30

1.90

21

.50

23.4

0

Ram

pur

1.42

2.

40

1.42

2.

40

1.42

2.

40

1.42

2.

40

1.42

2.

40

7.10

12

19

.10

The

og0.

22

5.70

0.

22

5.70

0.

22

5.70

0.

22

5.70

0.

22

5.70

1.

10

28.5

0 29

.60

Dis

tric

t 8.

68

71.6

8 8.

68

71.6

8 8.

68

71.6

8 8.

68

71.6

8 8.

68

71.4

3 43

.40

358.

45

401.

85

Not

e: E

= E

xten

sion

, D=

Dev

elop

men

t So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

141

Tab

le 5

.22

Blo

ck-w

ise

Dru

dger

y of

Wom

en (P

er c

ent R

espo

nse)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Part

icul

ars

Mod

e of

op

erat

ions

B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

upal

Ju

bal

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

Agr

icul

tura

l ope

ratio

ns

Clo

d br

eaki

ng

Man

ually

90

68

95

80

67

55

90

75

92

93

80

.50

Usi

ng

digg

ing

hoe

10

32

5 20

33

45

10

25

8

7 19

.50

Padd

y tr

ansp

lant

ing

M

anua

lly

80

85

94

95

N.A

10

N

.A

10

100

67

.71

Man

urin

g &

fe

rtili

zatio

n

Man

ually

50

90

94

65

80

75

85

10

0 10

0 10

0 83

.90

Pow

er

mac

hine

ry

50

10

6 35

20

25

15

0

0 0

23.0

0

Inte

rcul

tura

l op

erat

ions

Man

ually

70

75

90

90

80

85

10

0 10

0 60

10

0 85

.00

Pow

er

mac

hine

ry

30

25

10

10

20

15

0

0 40

0

21.4

3

Thr

eshi

ng &

w

inno

win

g

Man

ually

80

60

85

90

40

10

60

10

0 90

90

70

.50

Pow

er

mac

hine

ry

20

40

15

10

60

90

40

0 10

10

32

.78

Liv

esto

ck r

eari

ng O

pera

tions

Fodd

er

reso

urce

s

Cul

tivat

ed

60

70

10

20

15

40

90

10

40

20

37.5

0 G

hasn

i 50

40

90

80

85

10

0 10

0 10

0 60

80

78

.50

Bot

h 50

40

10

20

15

40

90

10

40

20

34

.50

Fodd

er

cutti

ng

Tra

ditio

nal

tool

s

80

50

80

95

100

95

90

98

90

86

.44

Impr

oved

to

ols

20

50

20

5

0 5

10

2 10

15.2

5

Fodd

er

tran

spor

tatio

n

On

head

/ B

ack

load

84

75

92

10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 95

.10

Tra

ctor

-tr

olle

y 16

25

8

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 16

.33

Fodd

er

chaf

fing

Cha

ff c

utte

r 0

0 8

0 15

0

0 5

0 25

13

.25

With

out

chaf

f cu

tter

100

100

92

100

85

100

100

95

100

75

94.7

0

Feed

ing

syst

em

Insi

de

man

ger

2 60

5

25

70

70

10

10

0 10

29

.11

On

floo

r 98

40

95

75

30

30

90

90

10

0 90

73

.80

Feed

ing

prac

tices

St

all

feed

ing

15

20

15

80

50

100

75

60

80

15

51.0

0

142

G

razi

ng

45

30

20

20

50

0 20

40

20

85

36

.67

Bot

h 40

50

65

0

0 0

5 0

0 0

42.5

0 A

nim

al w

aste

di

spos

al

Bio

gas

pl

ant

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0

Hea

d/ b

ack

load

70

60

20

10

0 80

75

10

0 65

20

10

0 69

.00

FYM

30

40

80

0

20

25

0 35

80

0

44.2

9

Cle

anin

g of

an

imal

s &

sh

eds

Man

ually

10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0.00

Wat

er

pres

sure

jet

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0

Milk

ing

oper

atio

ns

Han

d m

ilkin

g

90

95

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

98.5

0

Mac

hine

m

ilkin

g 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

Selli

ng o

f m

ilk

With

in

villa

ge

70

70

80

60

70

40

45

50

30

80

59.5

0

Dis

tant

m

arke

t 10

30

0

40

30

5 0

50

60

20

30.6

3

Chu

rnin

g of

m

ilk

Man

ually

40

80

10

50

10

0 35

50

10

50

50

47

.50

Pow

er

mac

hine

ry

60

20

90

50

0 65

50

90

50

50

58

.33

Ani

mal

she

d K

acch

a 90

50

80

65

90

90

80

85

80

82

79

.20

Pucc

ha

10

50

20

35

10

10

20

15

20

18

21.4

0 A

nim

al s

hed

floo

r K

acch

a 80

90

30

90

50

40

80

50

80

40

63.0

0

Pucc

ha

20

10

70

10

50

60

20

50

20

60

37.0

0 So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

143

Tab

le 5

.23

Blo

ck-w

ise

Ava

ilabi

lity

and

Req

uire

men

t of F

eed

and

Fodd

er (K

g/ A

nim

al /D

ay) i

n Sh

imla

Dis

tric

t

Par

ticul

ars

B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

Sum

mer

seas

on

Gre

en

5.33

25

19

22

33

20

17

.66

27.5

5

13

18.7

5

Dry

11

.66

20

5 7.

4 5.

5 5.

65

11

16.2

5 10

6

9.84

6

Req

uire

men

t

Gre

en

20

15

15

15

30

15

20

12.5

15

20

17

.75

Dry

6

10

8 10

5

10.5

5

10

10

8 8.

25

Gap

Gre

en

14.6

7 10

4

7 3

5 2.

34

15

10

7 0.

999

Dry

5.

66

10

3 2.

6 0.

5 4.

85

6 6.

25

0 2

1.59

6

Rai

ny se

ason

Gre

en

28.3

3 25

36

35

24

21

.75

25.6

6 37

.5

30

29

29.2

24

Dry

5

9 0

5 3.

6 9

10

20

10

7.

96

Req

uire

men

t

Gre

en

25

20

15

20

25

21.5

20

20

20

20

20

.65

Dry

5

8 8

8 5

9 5

6.33

5

5 6.

433

Gap

Gre

en

3.33

5

21

15

1 0.

25

5.66

17

.5

10

9 8.

574

Dry

0

1 8

3 1.

4 0

5 13

.67

5 5

0.72

7

Win

ter

seas

on

Gre

en

6.66

10

6.

75

4 10

2

10

7

3 6.

6

Dry

20

12

.5

8.8

15

15

8 18

15

15

15

14

.23

Req

uire

men

t

Gre

en

10

10

8 10

10

12

.5

5 8.

5 10

9

9.3

Dry

15

15

15

15

15

8

18

15

15

15

14.6

Gap

Gre

en

3.34

0

1.25

-6

0

10.5

5

8.5

3 6

3.35

9

Dry

5

2.5

6.2

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0.

37

144

Tab

le 5

.23

cont

...

Part

icul

ars

Con

cent

rate

1

1.2

0.8

2 0.

5 1.

12

1.83

1.

2 1.

87

0.9

1.24

2 M

iner

als

0.35

0.

1 0.

3 0.

2 0.

1 0.

1 0.

1 0.

2 0.

4 0.

25

0.21

R

equi

rem

ents

C

once

ntra

te

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 M

iner

als

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

Gap

(K

g/ a

nim

al/ d

ay)

Con

cent

rate

0

0.2

0.2

1 0.

5 0.

12

0.83

0.

2 0.

87

0.1

0.24

2 M

iner

als

0.15

0.

4 0.

2 0.

3 0.

4 0.

4 0.

4 0.

3 0.

1 0.

25

0.29

So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

Tab

le 5

.24

Blo

ck-w

ise

Yie

ld G

aps i

n L

ives

tock

(Uni

ts/A

nim

als/

Day

) in

Shim

la D

istr

ict

Prod

uct/

T

ype

of a

nim

al

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

M

ilk (L

/day

)

Cro

ssbr

ed c

ows

6.00

10

.00

4.00

4.

00

5.66

1.

66

5.00

11

.33

6.33

5.

40

13.4

0 8.

00

9.60

13

.40

3.80

L

ocal

Cow

s 3.

33

6.00

2.

67

2.50

3.

66

1.16

1.

58

2.83

1.

25

1.70

2.

60

0.90

2.

60

4.20

1.

60

Buf

falo

es

4.66

8.

00

3.34

6.

00

7.00

1.

00

5.33

8.

33

3.00

0.

00

0.

00

6.60

9.

40

2.80

G

oats

0.

50

0.50

0.

00

0.62

1.

20

0.58

0.

45

0.95

0.

50

0.70

1.

10

0.40

0.

60

1.05

0.

45

Woo

l (K

g/ y

r)

Sh

eep

1.00

1.

40

0.40

1.

10

1.50

0.

40

1.02

1.

45

0.43

1.

00

1.40

0.

40

1.00

1.

40

0.40

Tab

le 5

.24

cont

...

Prod

uct/

Type

of

ani

mal

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

Milk

(L/d

ay)

Cro

ssbr

ed c

ows

6.00

9.

25

3.25

7.

50

12.5

0 5.

00

8.87

12

.00

3.13

6.

00

8.00

2.

00

5.00

13

.20

8.20

6.

34

10.8

7 4.

54

Loc

al C

ows

2.60

6.

00

3.40

1.

62

4.00

2.

38

1.87

2.

12

0.25

1.

50

3.00

1.

50

2.00

3.

00

1.00

2.

13

3.74

1.

61

Buf

falo

es

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

5.00

7.

00

2.00

6.

00

7.00

1.

00

5.00

7.

00

2.00

5.

51

7.68

2.

17

Goa

ts

0.51

0.

96

0.45

0.

75

1.30

0.

55

0.62

1.

16

0.54

0.

48

0.88

0.

40

0.50

1.

20

0.70

0.

57

1.08

0.

51

Woo

l (K

g/ y

r)

Shee

p 1.

05

1.50

0.

45

1.05

1.

40

0.35

1.

10

1.50

0.

40

1.10

1.

50

0.40

0.

95

1.45

0.

50

1.04

1.

45

0.41

N

ote:

A-

Act

ual,

R-

Req

uire

d &

G-

Gap

So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

145

Tab

le 5

.25

Blo

ck-w

ise

Rea

sons

for

Yie

ld G

ap in

Liv

esto

ck P

rodu

ctio

n (P

er c

ent o

f Pan

chay

ats)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Ani

mal

R

easo

ns fo

r ga

p

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

Cro

ssbr

ed

cow

Im

prop

er f

eedi

ng

80

100

100

50

60

70

40

50

90

40

68.0

Shor

tage

of

gree

n fo

dder

70

10

0 70

70

80

10

0 10

0 90

80

10

0 86

.0

Lac

k of

dew

orm

ing

10

0 10

0 10

0 70

80

10

0 90

10

0 10

0 90

93

.0

Infe

cted

by

ecto

para

site

s

100

100

100

70

100

90

90

100

100

90

94.0

Lac

k of

car

e/ m

anag

emen

t

100

80

90

60

70

80

60

90

100

80

81.0

Loc

al c

ow

Low

Yie

ldin

g

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100.

0

Low

car

e

100

100

100

90

80

100

100

100

100

100

97.0

Lac

k of

dew

orm

ing

10

0 10

0 10

0 90

90

10

0 90

10

0 10

0 10

0 97

.0

Infe

cted

by

ecto

para

site

s

100

100

100

100

50

100

100

60

100

50

86.0

Impr

oper

fee

ding

10

0 10

0 10

0 90

80

70

80

10

0 10

0 10

0 92

.0

Buf

falo

es

Impr

oper

fee

ding

pra

ctic

es

100

50

60

- 70

-

- 80

90

70

52

.0

Imba

lanc

ed d

iet

90

70

80

-

60

- -

70

90

80

54.0

Poor

man

agem

ent

100

40

70

- 50

-

- 90

70

60

48

.0

Non

- su

itabi

lity

of c

limat

e

20

90

20

- 60

-

- 60

20

30

30

.0

Goa

t L

ocal

poo

r m

ilk y

ield

ing

br

eed

100

100

100

80

100

100

100

100

100

100

98.0

Impr

oper

fee

ding

pra

ctic

es

90

80

70

60

80

70

80

60

70

60

72.0

Imba

lanc

ed d

iet

70

80

75

80

90

80

85

70

90

90

81

.0

Poor

man

agem

ent

80

60

60

70

80

75

70

60

70

90

71.5

Shee

p

Low

woo

l yie

ldin

g br

eed

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100.

0

Imba

lanc

ed d

iet

90

70

80

60

80

70

75

80

70

90

76

.5

Poor

fee

ding

60

50

60

70

80

80

60

70

80

90

70

.0

Dif

fere

nt g

razi

ng p

ract

ices

50

40

60

80

90

50

70

50

60

90

64

.0

Poul

try

Loc

al b

reed

50

90

70

30

20

40

30

60

40

20

45

.0

Imba

lanc

ed d

iet

70

80

70

50

60

70

50

60

85

40

63

.5

Poor

fee

ding

pra

ctic

es

80

90

80

40

29.0

Col

d cl

imat

e no

t sui

tabl

e

10

40

60

50

70

90

90

20

50

80

56.0

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

146

Tab

le 5

.26

Blo

ck-w

ise

Stat

us o

f Inf

ectio

n, M

orta

lity

and

Ava

ilabi

lity

of T

reat

men

t in

Shim

la D

istr

ict (

Per

cent

)

Typ

e of

ani

mal

dis

ease

B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

I M

T

I

M

T

I M

T

I

M

T

I M

T

I

M

T

1. C

attle

& B

uffa

lo

a. F

MD

5

5 Y

-

- Y

30

1

Y

- -

- 20

30

Y

10

0

Y

b.H

emor

rhag

ic s

eptic

aem

ia

- -

Y

- -

N

4 60

Y

-

- -

10

50

Y

- -

-

c. T

ympa

ny

10

3 Y

30

5

Y

35

2 Y

35

5

Y

20

5 Y

-

- -

d. P

neum

onia

2

30

Y

20

4 Y

10

3

Y

20

5 Y

5

1 Y

-

- -

e. D

iarr

hoea

/ dys

ente

ry

5 -

Y

35

- Y

30

2

Y

30

2 Y

5

1 Y

25

0

Y

f. C

alf

scou

r 2

20

Y

5 2

Y

5 60

Y

6

2 Y

5

3 Y

-

0 Y

g. E

ndop

aras

ites

10

- Y

50

4

Y

50

- Y

55

5

Y

7 2

Y

50

0 Y

h. E

ctop

aras

ites

50

0

Y

60

50

Y

50

- Y

75

-

Y

20

2 Y

50

0

Y

i. R

epea

t bre

edin

g 40

-

Y

20

- Y

10

-

Y

25

- Y

30

-

Y

70

0 Y

Min

eral

def

icie

ncy

(oth

er)

-

- Y

-

- Y

-

- Y

5 2

Y

75

0 Y

2. S

heep

& G

oat

a. P

PR/ C

CPP

20

7

Y

- -

- 35

15

Y

-

- Y

30

2

Y

20

0 Y

b. M

ange

2.

5 0

Y

80

2 N

-

- Y

70

10

Y

5

1 Y

-

- -

c. L

ice

and

ticks

40

-

Y

80

3 N

40

-

Y

85

5 Y

6

1 Y

50

0

Y

d. E

ndop

aras

ites

20

- Y

85

2.

5 Y

-

- Y

70

10

Y

9

3 Y

-

- -

e. D

iarr

hea/

dys

ente

ry

2 -

Y

70

1 Y

10

2

Y

65

5 Y

4

1 Y

20

0

Y

3. P

oultr

y

a. C

occi

dios

is

5 50

Y

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Y

10

2 Y

b. R

anik

het d

isea

se

- -

Y

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- Y

-

- Y

c. F

owlp

ox

- -

Y

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- Y

-

- Y

d. M

erek

’s d

isea

se

- -

Y

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- Y

5

1 Y

4. E

quin

e

a. R

espi

rato

ry d

istr

ess

0 0

Y

-

2

1 Y

10

2

Y

4 3

Y

- -

-

b. C

olic

8

0 Y

-

10

3 Y

15

1

Y

3 2

Y

- -

-

c. I

nter

nal p

aras

ites

1 -

Y

-

30

-

Y

20

2 Y

6

2 Y

-

- -

d. G

land

ers

2 -

Y

-

-

- -

10

1 Y

-

- -

- -

-

147

Tab

le 5

.26

cont

...

Typ

e of

ani

mal

dis

ease

N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t I

M

T

I M

T

I

M

T

I M

T

I

M

T

1. C

attle

& B

uffa

lo

a.

FM

D

45

- Y

-

- -

10

1 Y

10

2

Y

13

1.2

Y

b.H

emor

rhag

ic s

eptic

aem

ia

- -

- -

- -

0.50

0.

3 Y

6

5 Y

2.

05

11.5

3 Y

c.

Tym

pany

60

10

Y

10

1

Y

8 2

Y

- -

- 20

.80

3.30

Y

d.

Pne

umon

ia

80

- Y

-

- Y

7

1.5

Y

12

- Y

15

.60

4.45

Y

e.

Dia

rrho

ea/ d

ysen

tery

75

-

Y

5 1

Y

4 1

Y

24

- Y

23

.80

0.70

Y

f.

Cal

f sc

our

20

- Y

1

0.5

Y

2 0.

5 Y

-

- N

4.

60

8.80

Y

g.

End

opar

asite

s

40

-

Y

2 1

Y

20

5 Y

15

-

Y

29.9

0 1.

70

Y

h. E

ctop

aras

ites

80

-

Y

10

1 Y

30

4

Y

70

- Y

49

.50

1.20

Y

i.

Rep

eat b

reed

ing

25

- Y

5

- Y

30

-

Y

12

- Y

26

.70

- Y

M

iner

al d

efic

ienc

y(ot

her)

-

- Y

Y

20

2

Y

- -

N

5 0.

40

Y

2. S

heep

& G

oat

a.

PPR

/ CC

PP

35

10

Y

- -

- 20

5

Y

3 1

Y

13.6

0 4

Y

b. M

ange

45

-

Y

- -

- 30

1

Y

7 -

N

23.9

5 1.

40

Y

c. L

ice

and

ticks

80

-

Y

- -

- 30

1

Y

21

- N

43

.20

1 Y

d.

End

opar

asite

s 70

-

Y

- -

- 40

5

Y

60

- Y

35

.40

2.05

Y

e.

Dia

rrho

ea/ d

ysen

tery

65

-

Y

- -

- 10

1

Y

18

- Y

26

.40

1 Y

3.

Pou

ltry

a.

Coc

cidi

osis

40

15

Y

40

15

Y

2

0.5

Y

2 1

Y

5.80

6.

85

Y

b. R

anik

het d

isea

se

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- N

-

- Y

c.

Fow

lpox

-

- -

- -

- -

-

- Y

d.

Mer

ek’s

dis

ease

-

- -

- -

- 10

2

Y

- -

- 1.

50

0.10

Y

4.

Equ

ine

a.

Res

pira

tory

dis

tres

s 40

-

Y

- -

- 5

0.5

Y

5 -

- 6.

60

0.65

Y

b.

Col

ic

20

- Y

-

- -

2 0.

5 Y

7

- -

6.60

0.

65

Y

c. I

nter

nal p

aras

ites

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

9 0.

60

Y

d. G

land

ers

- -

-

-

- -

- -

- -

1 0.

1 Y

N

ote:

I-

Infe

cted

, M-

Mor

talit

y, T

- T

reat

men

t & Y

- Y

es

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

148

Tab

le 5

.27

Blo

ck-w

ise

Inte

rven

tions

for

Liv

esto

ck D

isea

ses i

n Sh

imla

Dis

tric

t (Pe

r ce

nt o

f Pan

chya

ts)

Ani

mal

di

seas

es

Inte

rven

tion

B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

Sh

imla

1. C

attle

& B

uffa

lo

a. F

MD

Pr

even

tive

va

ccin

atio

n

10

5 60

5

40

20

90

5 20

20

27

.5

b.H

emor

rhag

ic

sept

icae

mia

Pr

even

tive

vacc

inat

ion

5 5

8 5

20

5 5

5 1

12

7.1

c. T

ympa

ny

Liv

esto

ck

heal

th

awar

enes

s

20

60

70

70

40

5 10

0 20

16

5

40.6

d. P

neum

onia

-d

o-

4 8

20

40

10

5 10

0 5

14

5 21

.1

e. D

iarr

hoea

/

d

ysen

tery

-d

o-

10

70

60

60

10

50

100

10

8 48

42

.6

f. C

alf

scou

r -d

o-

4 10

10

12

10

5

40

2 4

5 10

.2

g. E

ndop

a

ra

site

s

Pr

even

tive

dew

orm

ing

20

10

0 10

0 10

0 14

10

0 80

40

40

30

62

.4

h. E

ctop

ar

asite

s

Prev

entiv

e du

stin

g &

di

ppin

g

100

100

100

100

40

100

100

20

60

100

82.0

i. R

epea

t br

eedi

ng

Bal

ance

d fe

ed

man

agem

ent

80

40

20

50

60

100

50

10

60

24

49.4

Min

eral

de

fici

ency

(o

ther

)

Liv

esto

ck

awar

enes

s pr

ogra

mm

e

5 5

5 5

10

100

5 5

40

5 18

.5

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

149

Tab

le 5

.27

cont

...

2. S

heep

& G

oat

a. P

PR/ C

CPP

Pr

even

tive

vacc

inat

ion

40

5

70

5 60

40

70

5

40

6 34

.1

b. M

ange

Pr

even

tion

dust

ing

&

dipp

ing

5 10

0 5

100

10

5 90

5

60

14

39.4

c. L

ice

and

ticks

-d

o-

80

100

80

100

12

100

100

5 60

42

67

.9

d. E

ndop

a ra

site

s D

ewor

min

g

40

100

5 10

0 18

5

100

5 80

10

0 55

.3

e. D

iarr

hoea

/

d

ysen

tery

L

ives

tock

he

alth

aw

aren

ess

4 10

0 20

10

0 8

40

100

5 20

36

43

.3

3. P

oultr

y

a. C

occi

dios

is

Prev

entiv

e he

alth

aw

aren

ess

10

5 5

5 5

5 80

80

4

4 20

.3

b. R

anik

het

dise

ase

Prev

entiv

e va

ccin

atio

n

5 5

5 5

5 5

5 5

5 5

5.0

c Fo

wlp

ox

5

5 5

5 5

5 5

5 5

5 5.

0 d

Mer

ek’s

di

seas

e

5 5

5 5

5 5

5 5

20

5 6.

5

4. E

quin

e.

a. R

espi

rato

ry

dis

tres

s A

vaila

bilit

y of

ant

ibio

tic

1 5

4 20

8

5 80

5

2 4

13.4

b. C

olic

D

ewor

min

g

16

5 20

30

6

5 40

5

2 4

13.3

c.

Int

erna

l pa

rasi

tes

Dew

orm

ing

2

5 60

40

12

5

5 5

2 4

14.0

d. G

land

ers

Hea

lth

awar

enes

s pr

ogra

mm

e

4 5

5 20

5

5 5

5 2

4 6.

0

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

150

Tab

le 5

.28

Blo

ck-w

ise

Plan

ting

Mat

eria

l Use

d, R

equi

red

and

Gap

in F

ruit

Plan

ts in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t(N

o. o

f Pla

nts/

Ha)

Frui

tB

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

A

R

G

A

R

G

A

R

G

A

R

G

A

R

G

A

R

G

App

le

350

278

72

375

300

75

500

300

200

250

250

0 30

0 25

0 50

31

2 27

8 34

spur

55

0 50

0 50

56

2 50

0 62

54

0 50

0 40

43

7 43

7 0

510

500

12

520

500

20

Pear

45

0 40

0 50

47

5 40

0 75

50

0 40

0 10

0 41

0 40

0 10

41

0 40

0 10

42

0 40

0 20

Plum

40

0 27

8 12

2 41

0 27

8 13

2 40

0 27

8 12

2 37

5 27

8 97

43

7 27

8 15

9 32

0 27

8 42

Apr

icot

35

0 27

8 72

30

0 27

8 22

32

5 27

8 47

38

0 27

8 10

2 35

0 27

8 72

35

0 27

8 72

Peac

h 51

0 50

0 10

47

5 50

0 25

52

0 50

0 20

51

0 50

0 10

35

0 50

0 15

0 40

0 50

0 10

0

Alm

ond

400

278

122

400

278

122

425

278

147

350

278

72

437

278

159

400

278

122

Che

rry

30

0 27

8 22

35

0 27

8 72

32

5 27

8 47

32

0 27

8 42

31

8 27

8 50

32

5 27

8 47

Citr

us

275

156

119

- -

- 30

0 15

6 14

4 -

- -

220

156

64

- -

-

Man

go

400

333

67

410

333

77

350

333

17

375

333

42

400

333

77

375

333

42

Tab

le 5

.28

cont

…...

Frui

t N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t A

R

G

A

R

G

A

R

G

A

R

G

A

R

G

A

pple

35

0 25

0 10

0 37

5 25

0 +1

25

375

250

+125

31

2 30

0 12

34

9.90

27

0.60

79

.30

spur

56

0 50

0 60

62

5 50

0 +1

25

500

500

0 50

0 50

0 0

530.

40

493.

70

36.7

0 Pe

ar

420

400

20

425

400

25

410

400

10

400

400

0 43

2.00

40

0.00

0.

32

Plum

30

0 27

8 22

32

0 27

8 42

43

0 27

8 15

2 35

0 27

8 72

37

4.20

27

8.00

96

.20

Apr

icot

32

5 27

8 47

35

0 27

8 72

35

0 27

8 72

32

0 27

8 42

34

0.00

27

8.00

0.

62

Peac

h 47

5 50

0 25

52

0 50

0 20

36

0 50

0 14

0 45

0 50

0 50

45

7.00

50

0.00

43

.00

Alm

ond

437

275

162

300

278

22

380

278

102

310

278

32

383.

90

277.

70

106.

20

Che

rry

50

0 30

0 20

0 30

0 27

8 22

36

0 27

8 82

32

0 27

8 42

34

1.80

28

0.20

61

.60

Citr

us

300

156

144

250

156

94

250

156

94

- -

- 38

1.50

33

3.00

48

.50

Man

go

405

333

72

350

333

17

350

333

17

400

333

167

265.

83

156.

00

109.

83

Not

e: A

- A

ctua

l, R

- R

equi

red

& G

- G

ap

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

151

Tab

le 5

.29

Blo

ck-w

ise

Yie

ld G

ap in

Fru

it C

rops

in S

him

la D

istr

ict (

MT

/ Ha)

Cro

p B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

App

le

1.92

2.

40

0.48

8.

38

11.9

8 3.

59

7.19

8.

98

1.80

5.

99

7.47

1.

49

8.98

11

.98

2.99

Pear

3.

83

4.79

0.

96

2.99

5.

39

2.40

3.

59

7.19

3.

59

4.79

5.

99

1.20

4.

19

7.19

2.

99

Ston

e fr

uit

4.79

5.

39

0.60

3.

59

4.79

1.

20

2.99

4.

79

1.80

3.

11

3.95

0.

84

4.79

5.

99

1.20

Nut

s 0.

30

0.38

0.

08

0.38

0.

48

0.11

0.

35

0.45

0.

11

0.41

0.

52

0.11

0.

39

0.53

0.

14

Oth

er te

mpe

rate

fru

its

11.5

4 13

.84

2.31

5.

77

9.23

3.

46

9.23

11

.54

2.31

12

.69

16.1

5 3.

46

13.8

4 16

.15

2.31

Citr

us

0.40

0.

46

0.07

0.

12

0.17

0.

05

0.13

0.

17

0.04

0.

14

0.19

0.

05

0.17

0.

20

0.03

Man

go

3.06

4.

28

1.22

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

1.96

2.

45

0.49

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

2.94

3.

43

0.49

Oth

er s

ub-t

ropi

cal f

ruits

1.

22

1.84

0.

61

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

98

1.35

0.

37

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

86

1.10

0.

24

Tab

le 5

.29

cont

......

Cro

p N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

A

P G

A

P

G

App

le

5.99

7.

47

1.49

3.

59

8.98

5.

39

5.99

7.

47

1.49

3.

59

7.19

3.

59

7.19

11

.98

4.79

5.

88

8.59

2.

71

Pear

2.

87

4.79

1.

92

2.92

4.

19

1.27

3.

04

4.79

1.

75

2.92

4.

79

1.87

3.

11

5.99

2.

87

3.43

5.

51

2.08

Ston

e fr

uit

1.51

1.

80

0.29

2.

08

3.14

1.

05

2.40

3.

59

1.20

5.

03

7.67

2.

63

5.01

5.

63

0.62

3.

53

4.67

1.

14

Nut

s 0.

32

0.45

0.

14

0.41

0.

61

0.20

0.

33

0.48

0.

15

0.36

0.

61

0.24

0.

42

0.61

0.

18

0.37

0.

51

0.14

O

ther

tem

pera

te

frui

ts

6.92

10

.38

3.46

16

.15

19.6

1 3.

46

6.92

11

.54

4.61

6.

23

11.5

4 5.

31

13.1

5 16

.15

3.00

10

.24

13.6

1 3.

37

Citr

us

0.11

0.

13

0.03

0.

15

0.17

0.

02

0.14

0.

18

0.04

0.

16

0.18

0.

02

0.15

0.

17

0.02

0.

17

0.20

0.

04

Man

go

0.00

0.

00

0.00

3.

18

3.67

0.

49

0.00

0.

00

0.00

2.

45

3.30

0.

86

1.22

1.

71

0.49

2.

47

3.14

0.

67

Oth

er s

ub-t

ropi

cal

frui

ts

0.24

0.

49

0.24

0.

73

1.22

0.

49

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

61

0.86

0.

24

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

77

1.14

0.

37

Not

e: A

- A

ctua

l, R

- R

equi

red

& G

- G

ap

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

152

Tab

le 5

.30

Blo

ck-w

ise

Var

ieta

l and

Tec

hnol

ogic

al P

robl

ems o

f Fru

it, F

low

er a

nd F

odde

r C

rops

in S

him

la D

istr

ict (

Per

cent

of

Pan

chay

ats)

Cro

p/ P

robl

ems

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

App

le

L

ack

of ir

riga

tion

faci

litie

s

90

20

70

60

70

70

60

50

70

60

62

Lac

k of

trai

ning

and

pr

unin

g kn

ow-h

ow

80

50

60

10

20

30

20

20

40

30

36

Atta

ck o

f in

sect

pes

t lik

e ca

nker

, woo

lly a

phid

, st

em b

orer

, aph

ids

, th

rips

,mite

s an

d sn

ails

, ne

mat

ode

etc.

90

20

50

60

70

50

40

70

80

50

58

Atta

ck o

f di

seas

es li

ke

vira

l rot

dis

ease

s,

wilt

ing,

fru

it dr

oppi

ng,

prem

atur

e le

af f

all ,

sun

bu

rn to

ste

m b

orer

, sca

b,

etc.

100

40

60

70

80

50

40

60

70

60

63

Dam

age

to f

ruit

crop

s du

e to

hai

l sto

rm

10

20

30

30

40

50

50

20

20

50

32

Lac

k of

col

our

deve

lopm

ent i

n ro

yal

delic

ious

var

ietie

s

70

10

20

20

20

10

10

20

20

10

21

Imba

lanc

ed u

se o

f fe

rtili

zers

and

soi

l pr

oble

ms

70

70

60

30

50

50

40

30

50

60

51

Poor

fru

it se

tting

and

in

adeq

uate

pol

liniz

er

60

20

30

20

30

40

30

40

50

40

36

Non

-ava

ilabi

lity

of

qual

ity p

lant

ing

mat

eria

l 80

70

60

30

40

50

40

40

50

60

52

Unt

imel

y an

d no

n-av

aila

bilit

y of

cri

tical

in

puts

70

60

50

40

50

60

50

60

50

40

53

Atta

ck o

f ba

ts, b

irds

and

m

onke

ys

60

40

30

20

40

50

30

40

50

40

40

153

Tab

le 5

.30

cont

….

Citr

us

Lac

k of

tech

nica

l kn

ow-h

ow

20

70

60

20

80

80

70

60

50

70

58

Inse

ct-p

est p

robl

ems

like

root

bor

er

40

20

40

50

20

30

20

40

40

30

33

Man

go

L

ack

of s

cien

tific

kn

owle

dge

60

-

70

- 50

-

40

- 50

70

56

.67

Phys

iolo

gica

l dis

orde

r du

e to

nut

ritio

nal

imba

lanc

e

40

- 60

-

60

- 50

-

40

80

55

Atta

ck o

f di

seas

e lik

e ro

ot b

orne

dis

ease

s,

etc.

50

- 60

-

50

- 60

-

60

60

56.6

7

Litc

hi

Fa

rmer

s ar

e st

ill

prac

tisin

g th

e tr

aditi

onal

met

hods

of

plan

ting

and

yiel

d is

lo

w

80

- -

- 60

-

50

- 60

-

62.5

Non

-ava

ilabi

lity

of

good

qua

lity

plan

ting

mat

eria

l

70

- -

- 50

-

40

- 60

-

55

Che

rry

M

arke

ting

prob

lem

40

50

60

30

40

50

20

70

20

20

40

St

one

frui

t

Low

yie

ld

40

50

20

10

20

10

20

10

20

50

25

Ter

mite

and

leaf

bor

er

prob

lem

50

30

30

30

20

20

30

40

50

10

31

Lea

f cu

rlin

g pr

oble

m

in a

lmon

d

60

20

10

20

10

10

30

30

40

20

25

Pear

Plan

ting

mat

eria

l is

not a

vaila

ble

40

30

40

20

10

30

20

40

30

20

28

154

Tab

le 5

.30

cont

….

Flor

icul

ture

Ir

riga

tion

prob

lem

80

20

30

20

40

50

40

30

60

30

40

M

arke

ting

prob

lem

90

80

70

60

50

60

50

80

80

20

64

C

old

stor

age

prob

lem

10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 Fo

dder

Scar

city

of

fodd

er in

w

inte

rs

50

20

30

70

60

20

20

10

20

60

36

Lac

k of

nut

ritio

us a

nd

qual

ity f

odde

r pl

ants

in

the

area

70

40

50

60

50

50

50

40

50

40

50

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

Tab

le 5

.31

Blo

ck-w

ise

Var

ieta

l and

Tec

hnol

ogic

al In

terv

entio

ns fo

r Fr

uit,

Flow

er a

nd F

odde

r C

rops

(Per

cen

t of P

anch

ayat

s)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Cro

p / I

nter

vent

ions

B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r

The

ogD

istr

ict

App

le

St

reng

then

ing

of

irri

gatio

n sy

stem

:-lif

t ir

riga

tion-

tank

co

nstr

uctio

n-dr

ip

irri

gatio

n

90

20

70

60

70

70

60

50

70

60

62

Org

aniz

atio

n of

trai

ning

pr

ogra

mm

e on

app

le tr

ee

trai

ning

and

pru

ning

80

50

60

10

20

30

20

20

40

30

36

Tra

inin

g to

the

farm

ers

abou

t con

trol

of

inse

ct/

pest

thro

ugh

chem

ical

an

d m

echa

nica

l mea

ns

90

20

50

60

70

50

40

70

80

50

58

Tra

inin

g an

d de

mon

stra

tion

on

chem

ical

use

to c

ontr

ol

the

dise

ases

in a

pple

or

char

ds a

nd ti

mel

y av

aila

bilit

y of

all

type

d

100

40

60

70

80

50

40

60

70

60

63

155

of in

sect

icid

es in

all

the

inpu

t sto

re c

entr

es

A

nti h

ail g

un s

houl

d be

in

stal

led

at a

ppro

pria

te

plac

e in

the

area

and

su

pply

of

anti

hail

nets

to

the

grow

ers

at

subs

idiz

ed r

ate

10

20

30

30

40

50

50

20

20

50

32

Kno

wle

dge

of g

row

th

regu

lato

r to

be

impa

rted

to

the

farm

ers

thro

ugh

trai

ning

s an

d pa

mph

lets

, et

c.

70

10

20

20

20

10

10

20

20

10

21

Aw

aren

ess

abou

t the

ba

lanc

ed u

se o

f fe

rtili

zers

and

st

reng

then

ing

of s

oil

test

ing

prog

ram

mes

of

the

orch

ards

70

70

60

30

50

50

40

30

50

60

51

Aw

aren

ess

abou

t the

po

llini

zer,

ava

ilabi

lity

of

spur

var

ietie

s to

gro

wer

s

60

20

30

20

30

40

30

40

50

40

36

Qua

lity

plan

ting

mat

eria

l m

ust b

e pr

ovid

ed a

t rig

ht

time

80

70

60

30

40

50

40

40

50

60

52

Stre

ngth

enin

g of

inpu

t su

pply

mec

hani

sm

70

60

50

40

50

60

50

60

50

40

53

Ope

ning

of

plac

es li

ke

mon

key

viha

ar,

ster

iliza

tion

prog

ram

me

etc.

for

mon

key

cont

rol

and

awar

enes

s to

the

farm

ers

to c

ontr

ol th

e bi

rds/

bats

60

40

30

20

40

50

30

40

50

40

40

156

Tab

le 5

.31

cont

…

Citr

us

Farm

ers

mus

t be

mad

e aw

are

abou

t lat

est p

acka

ge a

nd

prac

tices

thro

ugh

dem

onst

ratio

n, tr

aini

ngs

etc.

20

70

60

20

80

80

70

60

50

70

58

Farm

ers

mus

t be

mad

e aw

are

abou

t the

Int

egra

ted

Pest

M

anag

emen

t (IP

M)

40

20

40

50

20

30

20

40

40

30

33

Man

go

Farm

ers

mus

t be

mad

e aw

are

abou

t lat

est p

acka

ge &

pr

actic

es th

roug

h de

mon

stra

tion,

trai

ning

s, e

tc.

60

- 70

-

50

- 40

-

50

70

56.6

7

The

re is

a n

eed

to e

duca

te th

e fa

rmer

s th

roug

h de

mon

stra

tion,

tr

aini

ngs,

etc

to o

verc

ome

the

prob

lem

of

dise

ases

and

nu

triti

onal

imba

lanc

e, e

tc.

50

- 60

-

50

- 60

-

60

60

56.6

7

Litc

hi

T

here

is a

nee

d to

edu

cate

the

farm

ers

thro

ugh

vari

ous

exte

nsio

n pr

ogra

mm

es li

ke

fiel

d de

mon

stra

tion,

trai

ning

s an

d pr

ovid

ing

liter

atur

e, e

tc. s

o th

at f

arm

ers

can

adop

t new

te

chno

logy

eff

icie

ntly

and

in

crea

se th

e yi

eld

and

econ

omic

re

turn

s

80

- -

- 60

-

50

- 60

-

62.5

The

re is

a n

eed

to s

tren

gthe

n th

e in

put s

uppl

y sc

hem

e/m

echa

nism

70

- -

- 50

-

40

- 60

-

55

157

Tab

le 5

.31

cont

…

Che

rry

The

re is

a n

eed

to s

tren

gthe

n th

e ex

istin

g m

arke

ting

mec

hani

sm li

ke

oper

atin

g co

ld s

tora

ge f

acili

ties,

etc

. es

peci

ally

for

per

isha

ble

com

mod

ities

40

50

60

30

40

50

20

70

20

20

40

Supp

ly o

f go

od p

lant

ing

mat

eria

l 40

50

20

10

20

10

20

10

20

50

25

Im

part

ing

tech

nica

l kno

w-h

ow to

th

e fa

rmer

s to

con

trol

the

inse

ct-p

est

and

dise

ases

50

30

30

30

20

20

30

40

50

10

31

Impa

rtin

g te

chni

cal k

now

-how

to

the

farm

ers

to c

ontr

ol th

e in

sect

-pes

t an

d di

seas

es

60

20

10

20

10

10

30

30

40

20

25

Pear

Intr

oduc

tion

of p

ear

culti

vatio

n by

pr

ovid

ing

plan

ting

mat

eria

l 40

30

40

20

10

30

20

40

30

20

28

Flor

icul

ture

Impr

ovem

ent o

f ir

riga

tion

syst

em

80

20

30

20

40

50

40

30

60

30

40

Ado

ptio

n of

spr

inkl

er ir

riga

tion

syst

em in

the

flow

er c

ultiv

ated

are

a.

80

20

30

20

40

50

40

30

60

30

40

Stre

ngth

enin

g of

mar

ketin

g m

echa

nism

of

flow

er s

houl

d be

st

reng

then

ed o

n th

e lin

e of

B

anga

lore

flo

wer

reg

ulat

ed m

arke

t

90

80

70

60

50

60

50

80

80

20

64

Dev

elop

men

t of

flow

er a

nd p

lant

ing

mat

eria

l sto

rage

sys

tem

in th

e pr

oduc

tion

and

cons

umpt

ion

area

in

the

mar

kets

.

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Fodd

er

N

eed

to s

tren

gthe

n R

& D

fac

ilitie

s to

dev

elop

fod

der

plan

t spe

cies

for

di

ffer

ent s

easo

ns in

the

year

50

20

30

70

60

20

20

10

20

60

36

Evo

lutio

n of

qua

lity

fodd

er p

lant

s th

roug

h re

sear

ch a

nd d

evel

opm

ent

effo

rts

70

40

50

60

50

50

50

40

50

40

50

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

158

Tab

le 5

.32

Blo

ck-w

ise

Fina

ncia

l Ass

ista

nce

for

Oth

er A

gric

ultu

ral S

chem

es in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t (R

s. L

akhs

/ Yea

r)

Blo

ck

Seed

Pl

antin

g m

ater

ial

Fert

ilise

r Pl

ant

prot

ectio

nFa

rmm

achi

neri

es

Soil

hea

lth

Tot

al

Fund

Fu

nd

Fund

Fu

nd

Fund

Fu

nd

Fund

B

asan

tpur

1.

37

0.50

0.

50

1.00

5.

00

10.0

0 18

.37

Chi

rgao

n0.

50

0.50

0.

50

0.50

2.

00

5.00

9.

0 C

hopa

l2.

00

1.00

1.

00

1.50

3.

00

15.0

0 23

.50

Jubb

al0.

50

1.25

2.

00

1.50

5.

00

20.0

0 30

.25

Mas

hobr

a0.

50

1.25

1.

50

1.00

4.

00

15.0

0 23

.25

Nan

khar

i0.

25

1.0

1.50

1.

00

3.00

10

.00

16.7

5 N

arka

nda

0.25

1.

0 1.

00

1.00

3.

00

10.0

0 16

.25

Roh

roo

0.50

0.

50

1.00

0.

50

3.00

8.

00

13.5

0 R

ampu

r1.

00

0.50

1.

00

0.50

2.

50

7.00

12

.50

The

og1.

00

0.50

1.

00

1.00

3.

50

8.00

15

.0

Dis

tric

t 7.

87

8.00

11

.00

9.50

34

.0

108.

00

178.

37

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

Tab

le 5

.33

Blo

ck-w

ise

Yea

rly

Fina

ncia

l Ass

ista

nce

for

Oth

er A

gric

ultu

ral S

chem

es in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t (R

s. L

akhs

)

Blo

ck

1st y

ear

2nd

yea

r

3rd y

ear

4th

yea

r

5th

yea

r T

otal

O

vera

ll E

D

E

D

E

D

E

D

E

D

E

D

(E

+D)

Bas

antp

ur

1.37

17

.00

1.37

17

.00

1.37

17

.00

1.37

17

.00

1.37

17

.00

6.85

85

.00

91.8

5 C

hirg

aon

0.50

8.

50

0.50

8.

50

0.50

8.

50

0.50

8.

50

0.50

8.

50

2.50

42

.50

45.0

0 C

hopa

l1.

50

22.0

0 1.

50

22.0

0 1.

50

22.0

0 1.

50

22.0

0 1.

50

22.0

0 7.

50

110.

00

117.

50

Jubb

al1.

25

29.0

0 1.

25

29.0

0 1.

25

29.0

0 1.

25

29.0

0 1.

25

29.0

0 6.

25

145.

00

906.

25

Mas

hobr

a1.

25

22.0

0 1.

25

22.0

0 1.

25

22.0

0 1.

25

22.0

0 1.

25

22.0

0 6.

25

110.

00

116.

25

Nan

khar

i0.

75

16.0

0 0.

75

16.0

0 0.

75

16.0

0 0.

75

16.0

0 0.

75

16.0

0 3.

75

80.0

0 83

.75

Nar

kand

a0.

50

15.7

5 0.

50

15.7

5 0.

50

15.7

5 0.

50

15.7

5 0.

50

15.7

5 2.

50

78.7

5 19

6.88

R

ohro

o0.

50

13.0

0 0.

50

13.0

0 0.

50

13.0

0 0.

50

13.0

0 0.

50

13.0

0 2.

50

65.0

0 67

.50

Ram

pur

0.50

12

.00

0.50

12

.00

0.50

12

.00

0.50

12

.00

0.50

12

.00

2.50

60

.00

62.5

0 T

heog

1.00

14

.00

1.00

14

.00

1.00

14

.00

1.00

14

.00

1.00

14

.00

5.00

70

.00

75.0

D

istr

ict

9.12

16

9.25

9.

12

169.

25

9.12

16

9.25

9.

12

169.

25

9.12

16

9.25

45

.60

846.

25

891.

85

Not

e: E

= E

xten

sion

, D=

Dev

elop

men

t So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y 20

07-0

8

159

Tab

le 5

.34

Blo

ck-w

ise

Exi

stin

g an

d Po

tent

ial S

tatu

s of M

ushr

oom

Cul

tivat

ion

in S

him

la D

istr

ict.

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

Blo

cks

Exi

stin

g / Y

ear

Pote

ntia

l / Y

ear

Fi

nanc

ial a

ssis

tanc

e fo

r pl

an p

erio

d

Uni

t (N

o.)

Fund

s U

nit (

No.

) Fu

nds

Exi

stin

g le

vel

Pote

ntia

l lev

el

Bas

antp

ur

3 0.

32

9 0.

96

1.60

4.

8 C

hirg

aon

- 0

3 0.

32

1.

6 C

hopa

l -

0 4

0.48

2.4

Jubb

al

3 0.

32

9 0.

96

1.60

4.

8 M

asho

bra

6 0.

64

12

1.28

3.

20

6.4

Nan

khar

i -

0 5

0.80

4.0

Nar

kand

a 2

0.32

8

1.28

1.

60

6.4

Roh

ro

2 0.

24

8 0.

96

1.20

4.

8 R

ampu

r 1

0.16

5

0.80

0.

80

4.0

The

og

2 0.

16

10

0.80

0.

80

4.0

Dis

tric

t 19

2.

16

73

8.64

10

.80

43.2

0 So

urce

1

Proj

ect D

irec

tor

Mus

hroo

m P

roje

ct C

ham

bagh

at, S

olan

2.

Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

Tab

le 5

.35

Blo

ck-w

ise

Stat

us a

nd F

inan

cial

Ass

ista

nce

for

Bee

keep

ing

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Blo

cks

Exi

stin

g N

o.

No.

of

bene

ficia

ries

A

ssis

tanc

e gi

ven

(Rs.

) Po

tent

ial

Bee

keep

ers

Col

onie

s

N

o. o

f be

nefic

iari

es

Ass

ista

nce

requ

ired

(Rs.

Lak

hs)

Bas

antp

ur

10

1190

4

1,25

,000

11

3.

44

Chi

rgao

n 15

25

00

- 0

5 1.

56

Cho

pal

15

3540

2

30,0

00

10

1.50

Ju

bbal

49

64

50

12

3,11

,500

5

1.30

M

asho

bra

10

12

60

3 36

,000

45

5.

40

Nan

khar

i 9

660

- 0

15

1.80

N

arka

nda

-

0 4

68,4

75

45

7.70

R

ohro

o 24

33

60

2 80

,000

5

2.00

R

ampu

r

15

1240

-

0 20

8.

00

The

og

12

1200

7

2,21

,500

27

8.

54

Dis

tric

t 15

9 21

400

34

8,72

,475

18

8 41

.24

Sour

ce:

1 D

irec

tora

te o

f H

ortic

ultu

re, S

him

la

2 F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

161

Chapter VI

DISTRICT PLAN

6.1 DAP and Sectoral Outlays

Diversification of agriculture is fairly high and Shimla district is famous for production of fruit and off-season vegetables. Based upon the potential of agriculture, horticulture, livestock and allied activities in Shimla district, the comprehensive budget outlay and yearly allocation under various schemes/interventions have been given in Table 6.1. The plan envisages budget allocation among 8 major components of agricultural sectors comprising crop improvements, infrastructure, natural resource conservation/management, niche based potential enterprises, development of horticulture, livestock improvement, human resource and finally research and extension needs. Each component has been further divided into different sub components/interventions to achieve desirable growth in agriculture. The total plan outlay for the district has been estimated at Rs 83,855 lakhs. The yearly allocation came out to be about Rs 12,578.25 lakhs in the first year, Rs 16,771 lakhs in the second, third and fourth years of implementation and remaining Rs 20,963.75 lakhs in the fifth and final year of execution of this plan. Obviously, the plan outlay will foster remarkable growth in agriculture, horticulture and livestock production as highlighted in this section.

Table 6.1 Sectoral Outlay and Yearly Allocation (Rs. Lakhs) in Shimla District

Sr.No.




5692 853.8 1138.4 1138.4 1138.4 1423

1 Improvement of productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and spice crops through promotion of HYV seeds including hybrids

250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5


650 97.5 130 130 130 162.5


850 127.5 170 170 170 212.5


2000 300 400 400 400 500

(i) Sprinkler 1900 285 380 380 380 475 (ii) Drip 100 15 20 20 20 25 5 Agricultural mechanization through

popularization of improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/ harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers and

150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5

162

gender friendly post harvesting equipments to remove women drudgery


1542 231.3 308.4 308.4 308.4 385.5


150 22.5 30 30 30 37.5


100 15 20 20 20 25

II Need Based Infrastructure Development

26613 3991.95 5322.6 5322.6 5322.6 6653.25

1 Irrigation 15738 2360.7 3147.6 3147.6 3147.6 3934.5 2 Improvement of on-farm water

delivery and efficiency of existing irrigation systems

2290 343.5 458 458 458 572.5

3 Rural markets 4648 697.2 929.6 929.6 929.6 1162 4 Rural roads for connectivity 3937 590.55 787.4 787.4 787.4 984.25


44991 6748.65 8998.2 8998.2 8998.2 11247.75


1800 270 360 360 360 450


24650 3697.5 4930 4930 4930 6162.5


Entrepreneurs 329 49.35 65.8 65.8 65.8 82.25



VII Human Resources 1158 173.7 231.6 231.6 231.6 289.5 1 Additional man power requirement 1124 168.6 224.8 224.8 224.8 281 2 Capacity building of extension

personnel 34 5.1 6.8 6.8 6.8 8.5

VIII Research & Extension 1181 177.15 236.2 236.2 236.2 295.25 IX All Sectors & Schemes 83855 12578.25 16771 16771 16771 20963.75

6.2 New Schemes for Agricultural Development

The development strategy unfolds myriads of new opportunities and projects/schemes in agricultural, horticultural and livestock sectors. These schemes have been advocated by both farmers as well as field experts in the district (Table 6.2). New approach to watershed

163

development and soil conservation would include thrust on water/snow harvesting, construction of check dams and other civil engineering works so as to make more productive use of land resource. The fruit plantation and livestock improvement schemes would cover maximum number of villages/beneficiaries to diversify income and livelihood opportunities. Shimla district is well known for horticultural development and entire district has a potential for horticulture development. Substantial provision has been made to improve rural connectivity as many of the remote villages are still isolated from the mainstream of economic development. The marketing infrastructure also needs to be strengthened in order to improve marketing efficiency in commercial crops for the benefit of farmers.

Keeping in view the specificities and agro climatic diversity of the district, protected cultivation and organic farming should be given due attention to increase the profitability of farming and cropping intensity. Budget outlay of Rs 1,542 lakhs has been earmarked for protected cultivation including green/poly houses and nets/anti hail guns (Table 6.3). The entire district has a treasure of scenic spots/tourist resorts, mountain ranges, heritage property and rich culture attracting large number of tourists. Therefore, organic farming and household tourism can play a significant role in enhancing income and other employment avenues. The budget allocation for these innovative schemes has been given in Table 6.4.

Based upon opinion survey and assessment made by officials of agriculture and irrigation department in the district, number of new irrigation schemes can be taken up to increase the irrigated area (Table 6.5). Forty four new lift irrigation schemes can be developed with a command area of 7,358 hectares that may require total budget of Rs 11,057 lakhs. About 113 new irrigation kuhls are proposed that would require Rs 4,681.27 lakhs creating irrigation potential of 3,737 hectares. In this way, additional command area of 7,358 hectares would be created in the district. The total budget earmarked for different irrigation schemes is about Rs 15,738.27 lakhs. The exploitation of available irrigation potential shall lead to an increase in the production of crops especially vegetables.

164

Table 6.2 Block-wise Proposed New Schemes for Development of Agricultural Sector in Shimla District

Scheme/ Block No. of percolation

tank

Villages Covered (No.)

Beneficiary families (No.)

Potential area (Ha)

Funds (Rs. Lakhs)

Water harvesting/ development including tank, ponds, check dams, etc. Basantpur 20 10 400 600 1500

Chirgaon 4 4 171 500 1250

Chopal 25 250 5000 2500 6250

Jubbal 2020 640 3500 360 900

Mashobra 6 6 40 1500 3750

Nankhari 33 17 185 500 1250

Narkanda - - - 800 2000

Rohroo 2002 210 1800 800 2000

Rampur 25 23 90 800 2000

Theog 14 14 90 1500 3750

District 4149 1174 11276 9860 24650

Soil and land conservation

Basantpur 800 100 1200 1200 120

Chirgaon 24 18 105 60 28

Chopal 5 100 2000 1000 150

Jubbal 500 100 5000 1000 750

Mashobra 25 25 1200 200 25

Nankhari 50 50 2500 400 50

Narkanda 2 50 1000 100 100

Rohroo 4 100 2000 200 200

Rampur 3 3 44 23 2.27

Theog 1500 470 6700 915 375

District 2913 1016 21749 5098 1800.27

Horticultural schemes

Basantpur 1 200 400 3000 150

Chirgaon 5 200 2000 1000 200

Chopal 5 100 2000 1000 200

Jubbal 5 200 10000 10000 200

Mashobra 2 525 4000 - 1000

Nankhari 1 102 5831 200 50

Narkanda 3 166 10030 250 150

Rohroo 5 170 11000 6200 320

Rampur 2 2 500 200 50

Theog 5 470 5000 500 200

District 34 2135 50761 22350 2520

Livestock improvement Basantpur 2 250 20000 - 50

Chirgaon 5 170 7000 - 80

165

Chopal 5 50 1000 - 0.50

Jubbal 5 200 12000 - 100

Mashobra 2 525 4000 - 200

Nankhari 3 102 5831 - 30

Narkanda 3 100 4000 - 80

Rohroo 5 170 7000 - 80

Rampur 3 70 2800 - 25

Theog 5 470 5000 - 200

District 38 2107 68631 845.5

Fisheries

Basantpur 2 2 20 1 20

Chirgaon - - - - -

Chopal 5 5 20 - 250

Jubbal 50 50 50 - 50

Mashobra 50 225 4000 - 200

Nankhari - - - - -

Narkanda - - - - -

Rohroo 50 50 50 - 5

Rampur - - - - -

Theog - - - - -

District 157 332 4140 - 525

Other schemes

Basantpur 7 80 1600 400 80

Chirgaon 7 152 2640 - 1.74

Chopal 5 200 10000 2000 100

Jubbal 5 100 500 1000 200

Mashobra 8 525 4000 - 200

Nankhari 1 50 5000 20 20

Narkanda 5 166 10030 250 200

Rohroo 5 40 200 1000 100

Rampur 1 1 35 16 7.71

Theog 5 470 10000 3000 100

District 49 1784 44005 7686 1009.45


166

Table 6.3 Block-wise New Schemes for Protected Cultivation in Shimla District

Block Low cost green house

High-techgreen house

Shade net Anti hail nets/ guns

All schemes

Area Funds Area Funds Area Funds Area Funds Area Funds Basantpur 20.59 257.41 20.59 28.83 41.19 286.24 Chirgaon 20.59 28.83 20.59 28.83 Chopal 10.30 128.71 20.59 28.83 5.15 12.87 36.04 170.41 Jubbal 5.15 64.35 2.57 83.71 10.30 14.42 20.59 51.48 38.61 213.96 Mashobra 5.15 64.35 0.00 0.00 10.30 14.42 10.30 25.74 25.74 104.51 Nankhari 5.15 64.35 2.57 83.71 10.30 14.42 10.30 25.74 28.32 188.22 Narkanda 5.15 64.35 2.57 83.71 10.30 14.42 10.30 25.74 28.32 188.22 Rohroo 5.15 64.35 0.00 0.00 20.59 28.83 0.00 0.00 25.74 93.18 Rampur 5.15 64.35 0.00 0.00 20.59 28.83 0.00 0.00 25.74 93.18 Theog 5.15 64.35 2.57 83.61 10.30 14.42 5.15 12.87 23.17 175.25 District 66.93 836.59 10.30 334.74 154.45 216.23 61.78 154.45 293.45 1542.00

Note: Area in hectares and funds in Rs. lakhs Source: Field survey, 2007-08

Table: 6.4 Block-wise Other Agricultural Schemes and Financial Assistance in Shimla District

Block Organic farming

Sericulture Floriculture Medicinal & aromatic plants

Agro- tourism

Area(Ha.)

Funds (Rs.

Lakhs)

Area(Ha)

Funds (Rs.

Lakhs)

Area(Ha)

Funds (Rs.

Lakhs)

Area(Ha)

Funds (Rs.

Lakhs)

Family(No.)

Funds (Rs

Lakhs) Basantpur 25.0 2.50 10.0 4.0 10.0 6.50 25.0 3.25 50.0 25.0

Chirgaon 51.0 5.10 5.0 2.0 - - 25.0 3.25 50.0 25.0

Chopal 38.0 3.80 10.0 4.0 10.0 6.50 25.0 3.25 100.0 50.0

Jubbal 6.0 0.60 - - - - - - 50.0 25.0

Mashobra - - - - 5.0 3.25 - - 25.0 12.50

Nankhari 38.0 3.80 - - - - - - 25.0 12.50

Narkanda 13.0 1.30 - - - - - - 50.0 25.0

Rohroo - - - - - - 10.0 1.30 50.0 25.0

Rampur 130.0 13.0 10.0 4.0 - - 10.0 1.30 50.0 25.0

Theog 25.0 2.50 - - 5.0 3.25 - - 50.0 25.0

District 326.0 32.60 35.0 14.0 30.0 19.50 170.0 12.35 500.0 250.0


167

Table 6.5 New Irrigation Schemes in Shimla District (Block-wise) Block/Schemes No. Amount equired Villages covered Beneficiaries Command area Basantpur 30 260 30 600 200

Lift 10 60 10 200 40 Kuhl 20 200 20 400 160

Chirgaon 10 625 15 450 500 Lift - - - - - Kuhl 10 625 15 450 500

Chopal 54 1350 58 6200 1050 Lift 4 225 8 1200 150 Kuhl 50 1125 50 5000 900

Jubbal 11 8592 230 3000 5728 Lift 11 8592 230 3000 5728

Mashobra 14 1600 25 400 1200 Lift 4 600 10 200 400 Kuhl 10 1000 15 200 800

Nankhari 6 108.75 15 165 87 Kuhl 6 108.75 15 165 87

Narkanda 5 80 15 150 40 Lift 5 80 15 150 40

Rohru 1 60 13 130 40 Lift - - - - -

Kuhl 1 60 13 130 40 Rampur 6 250 8 180 200

Kuhl 6 250 8 180 200 Theog 20 2812.52 100 3000 2050

Lift 10 1500 50 1500 1000 Kuhl 10 1312.52 50 1500 1050

District 157 15738.27 509 14275 11095 Lift 44 11057 323 6250 7358 Kuhl 113 4681.27 186 8025 3737


6.3 Input Requirement

To achieve desirable growth impetus in agricultural and allied sectors, the supply of critical inputs is the utmost necessity. The critical inputs are seeds/planting material of major crops and fertilizers. Presently, the supply of seeds is both by the public and private agencies. The supply of vegetable seeds is mainly done by the private companies. However, there is no proper quality/quarantine mechanism to check the supply of spurious planting material. Therefore, seed production, procurement and quality control need more attention.

Balanced use of fertilizers needs to be promoted along with increased use of organic manures and bio fertilizers. The consumption of fertilizers in the district has been presented in Table 6.6. It can be seen that existing supply of major brands falls short of the requirement. The projected fertilizers requirement of major brands in the district as given in Table 6.6 would be around 10,309.52 metric tonnes of urea, 1,233.14 metric tonnes of CAN, 10,105.81 metric tonnes of IFFCO (12:32:16) and 1,574.66 metric tonnes of SSP. There is also increasing demand for vermicompost and bio-fertilizers. The shortage of FYM is also becoming the major concern as requirement is just half of the availability in the district.

168

Tab

le 6

.6 C

onsu

mpt

ion

of F

ertil

izer

s in

Shim

la D

istr

ict

(Met

ric

Ton

nes)

Yea

r U

rea

CA

N

IFFC

O 1

2:32

:16

Ger

man

Mix

ture

(1

5:15

:15)

SS

P M

OP

D

eman

d Su

pply

D

eman

d Su

pply

D

eman

d Su

pply

D

eman

d Su

pply

D

eman

d Su

pply

D

eman

d Su

pply

20

03-0

4 45

70.0

0 22

85.0

0 13

014.

00

6507

.00

8518

.00

4259

.00

4726

.00

2363

.00

5632

.00

2816

.00

7698

.00

3849

.00

2004

-05

4804

.00

2402

.00

1153

4.00

57

67.0

083

76.0

0 41

88.0

0 45

98.0

0 22

99.0

0 23

18.0

0 11

59.0

069

10.0

0 34

55.0

0 20

05-0

6 67

00.0

0 33

50.0

0 47

66.0

0 23

83.0

012

140.

00

6070

.00

6048

.00

3024

.00

3382

.00

1691

.00

7130

.00

3565

.00

2006

-07

6104

.00

3052

.00

6338

.00

3169

.00

1025

6.00

51

28.0

0 76

00.0

0 38

00.0

0 33

36.0

0 16

68.0

064

04.0

0 32

02.0

0 20

07-0

8 68

64.0

0 34

32.0

0 40

06.0

0 20

03.0

092

78.0

0 46

39.0

0 47

70.0

0 23

85.0

0 29

78.0

0 14

89.0

067

48.0

0 33

74.0

0 G

row

th r

ate

8.48

8.

48

-20.

99

-20.

991.

72

1.72

0.

19

0.19

-1

1.97

-1

1.97

-2.6

0 -2

.60

(% p

.a.)

Pr

ojec

tion

for

2012

10

309.

52

5154

.76

1233

.14

616.

5710

105.

81

5052

.90

4814

.41

2407

.20

1574

.66

787.

3359

15.2

4 29

57.6

2 Pr

ojec

tion

mak

ing

al

low

ance

for

cro

p

dive

rsif

icat

ion

@ 2

%

1129

5.61

56

47.8

1 13

97.3

2 69

8.66

1113

9.10

55

69.5

5 53

14.5

3 26

57.2

7 17

61.8

4 88

0.92

6548

.01

3274

.00

Proj

ectio

n m

akin

g

allo

wan

ce f

or ir

riga

tion

@

2%

ove

r

dive

rsif

icat

ion

1235

5.76

61

77.8

8 15

78.5

5 78

9.27

1225

5.24

61

27.6

2 58

55.3

8 29

27.6

9 19

66.4

2 98

3.21

7233

.81

3616

.91

Not

e:

Ger

man

mix

ture

(10

:26:

26)

fert

ilize

r (q

uant

ity =

348

7 m

etri

c to

nnes

) d

istr

ibut

ed o

nly

in th

e ye

ar 2

007-

08 h

as n

ot b

een

acco

unte

d fo

r th

e es

timat

ion

of

the

gro

wth

rat

e So

urce

: i)

Dat

a on

dem

and

of f

ertil

izer

s ha

s be

en e

stim

ated

on

the

basi

s of

fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

ii)

Dat

a on

sup

ply

of f

ertil

izer

s ha

s be

en o

btai

ned

from

Dir

ecto

rate

of

Agr

icul

ture

, Shi

mla

iii

) Pr

ojec

tions

by

the

cons

ulta

nt f

ollo

win

g th

e m

etho

dolo

gy a

dopt

ed b

y Fe

rtili

zer

Ass

ocia

tion

of I

ndia

, New

Del

hi

169

6.4 Projected Outcome and Growth Rates

With the implementation of this agricultural plan in Shimla district, there will be acceleration in the growth rate in agriculture, horticulture and livestock production. The expected growth in different sectors has been contemplated in this section. Agricultural development plans and interventions proposed would lead to overall development of farm sector through resource augmentation (arable land and irrigation), technological interventions and strengthening of institutional linkages through creation of social overheads. With the implementation of plan, there will be increase in arable land, irrigated area and support lands to the extent shown in Table 6.7, which, in turn, would provide growth impetus to agriculture as projected in Tables 6.8 and 6.9.

With the execution of plan, horticulture sector may get a big boost in the district. After realising full potential, apple production in the district would increase from existing 1,85,191 metric tonnes to about 3,28,171 metric tonnes showing around 8 per cent growth in production (Table 6.10). The total fruit production would increase from 2,04,032 metric tonnes to 3,77,324 metric tonnes with annual growth rate of about 8.5 per cent.

The livestock sector may also get a big boost as impressive output growth can be achieved in livestock production as shown in Table 6.11. If full potential output is realised, there will be impressive annual growth of 14.25 per cent in milk production, 7.57 per cent in wool and 3.25 per cent in meat production in the district.

Consequently, the projected sectoral growth in different sub-sectors based upon existing and potential production has been displayed in Table 6.12. Agriculture sector would grow with annual rate of about 7.23 per cent. The projected growth in horticulture sector is estimated to the tune of 8.49 per cent per annum. The highest annual growth of around 14 per cent can be achieved in animal husbandry sector. Thus, with the implementation of District Agricultural Plan, there shall be increase in the gross value output of all the primary sectors. The gross value of all the primary sectors will increase from existing level of Rs 61,743 lakhs to Rs 1,02,133 lakhs registering the annual growth of about 10 per cent over the plan period.

170

Table 6.7 Block-wise Augmentation of Land and Water Resources: Physical Targets (Ha) in Shimla District

Block Cultivated land

Potential cultivable

land

Productive support

land

Potential support

land

Existing irrigated

area

Potential irrigated

land

Irrigation potential through water

harvesting Basantpur 5131 1540 8920 3823 271 200 600 Chirgion 6573 3383 49000 558 815 500 500 Chopal 13169 954 25446 6362 675 1050 2500 Jubbal 12940 3011 6698 5000 197 5728 360 Mashobra 9518 2414 9415 841 74 1200 1500 Nankhari 6110 4160 3924 1104 65 87 500 Narkanda 6082 965 8000 1157 200 40 800 Rohru 8235 3185 7908 416 170 40 800 Rampur 6996 11320 31308 26418 1763 200 800 Theog 7536 4355 20000 5483 105 2050 1500 District 82290 35287 170619 51162 4335 11095 9860

Table 6.8 Projected Output Growth in Field Crops in Shimla District (Quintals)

Crops Existing Potential production

(MT) Growth rate (% p. a.)

Area(Ha)

Production (MT)

Yield(Q/ha)

Scenario I

Scenario II

Scenario I

Scenario II

Maize 13639 32990 24.19 48339 42634 9.31 5.85 Paddy 3085 3304 10.71 6453 4834 19.06 9.26 Wheat 16079 21590 13.43 31915 28181 9.56 6.11 Barley 4468 5455 12.21 7879 6936 8.89 5.43 Foodgrain 47834 71589 14.97 97743 93753 7.31 6.19 Pulses 5067 1135 2.24 1421 1443 5.03 5.43 Vegetables 8045 150442 187.00 217920 307185 8.97 20.84

Note: i Scenario I output growth with increased irrigated area and crop improvement programmes ii. Scenario II output growth with diversion of 20 % irrigated area to vegetable crops

171

Table 6.9 Projected Production and Growth in Agricultural Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)

Crops Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.) Cereals Maize 32407.20 43759.10 7.01 Paddy 4111.70 5137.40 4.99 Wheat 24478.80 33737.40 7.56 Barley 7208.40 9887.00 7.43 Pulses Rajmash 1664.10 2363.00 8.40 Mash 1337.50 2074.20 11.02 Oilseeds 272.80 469.50 14.42 Vegetables 138789.80 184968.90 6.65 Potato 61112.90 75165.10 4.60 Peas 25754.90 36275.50 8.17 Tomato 11965.30 18312.90 10.61 Cabbage 25404.90 36080.60 8.40 Cauliflower 7881.60 9461.10 4.01 French bean 2650.80 3765.00 8.41 Capsicum 1998.50 3235.40 12.38 Other vegetables 2020.90 2673.30 6.46 Spices Ginger 1461.00 2130.00 9.16 Garlic 188.20 294.50 11.30

Note: Based on existing and potential yields Source: Field survey, 2007-08

Table 6.10 Projected Production and Growth in Horticultural Crops in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)

Fruits Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.) Apple 185191.16 328171.29 7.72 Pear 5736.00 21072.26 26.74 Stone Fruit 5993.38 11800.55 9.69 Nuts 703.66 1759.55 15.01 Other temperate fruit 5376.32 11951.39 12.23 Citrus 138.71 296.11 11.35 Mango 812.98 2041.47 15.11 Other sub-tropical fruit 79.72 231.51 19.04 All fruit 204031.92 377324.13 8.49

Note: Based on actual and potential yields. The gestation period of ten years for computing growth rate Source: Field survey, 2007-08

172

Table 6.11 Projected Production and Growth in Livestock Sector in Shimla District (Metric Tonnes)

Sr.No.

Product Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.)

Milk 1 Cross bred cow 115379.08 200532.52 14.76 Local cow 35028.18 58595.06 13.46 Buffaloes 10152.89 14840.89 9.23 Goat 5714.26 10781.61 17.74 Total milk 166274.40 284750.08 14.25 2 Wool 105.78 145.80 7.57 3 Meat 892.15 1037.15 3.25


Table 6.12 Estimated and Projected Value Output in Different Sectors (Rs Lakhs) in Shimla District

Sectors Existing Potential Growth rate (% p.a.) Agriculture 17003.94 23153.77 7.23 Horticulture 23945.67 43804.14 8.49 Animal husbandry 20793.58 35174.69 13.83 All sectors 61743.19 102132.60 9.81

Source: Consultant’s own calculations based on field survey, 2007-08

6.5 Growth Drivers and Expected Outcome

District Shimla has made spectacular progress in the transformation of agriculture. Introduction of apple in 1920’s, seed potato in the mid-sixties and off-season vegetables in eighties has brought out sea changes in agricultural diversification. The district harbours state capital offering ready market for local produce. The nearness of the district with markets of plain areas and connecting hinterlands and remote places with motorable roads, upcoming local markets and niche based farming are the important growth drivers for agricultural development in this district.

Irrigation has been found to be the major limiting factor, and as such, creation of irrigation potential shall provide growth impetus. The increase in resource productivity and enterprise development duly supported by institutions and infrastructure will bring new advances in livelihood opportunities to people.

Some quantitative outcomes

� Foodgrain production shall increase from 71,589 metric tonnes to 97,743 metric tonnes after the implementation of the plan recording a growth rate of 7.31 per cent per annum in scenario I. Even in scenario II when 20 per cent of irrigated land is shifted to high value cash crops production, the growth rate in foodgrains production shall remain at

173

6.19 per cent per annum. The field survey also reveals high growth potential which is evident from wide gaps in the average yields and yields of progressive farmers.

� Production of vegetables would increase from 1,50,442 metric tonnes to 2,17,920 metric tonnes in scenario I registering a growth rate of 8.97 per cent per annum when the proportion of area under these crops remains same and to 3,07,185 metric tonnes recording a growth rate of 20.94 per cent per annum in scenario II when 20 per cent of the irrigated area is brought under these crops. The production of vegetable crops would get big boost with the improvement in irrigation and marketing infrastructure This will generate a marketable surplus of 2,76,467 metric tonnes which in monetary terms amounts to Rs.276.47 crores. The market disposal of surplus is expected to create huge employment opportunities for rural unemployed youths through forward and backward linkages.

� The fruit production in the district may increase from the existing level of 2,04,032 metric onnes to 3,77,324 metric tonnes with annual growth of 8.49 per cent. Apple is the most predominant fruit which may record annual growth of around 8 per cent per annum in production. However, there is a dire need to diversify horticulture through plantation of other fruit crops in order to do away with mono culture in apple. The most impressive growth can be achieved in fruits like pear, nuts/dry fruits, other temperate fruits. Due to wide agro-climatic diversity many new horticultural avenues can be developed in this district.

� With the improvement in livestock breeds, fodder availability and rearing practices, there will be remarkable increase in livestock production in the district. The milk, meat and wool production would increase at the annual rate of 14.25 per cent, 3.25 per cent and 7.57 per cent, respectively

� Substantial irrigation potential shall be created in the district through implementation of various irrigation schemes and water harvesting structures. Available water potential shall be exploited and thereby 20,955 hectares of land shall be brought under protective and assured irrigation. With the implementation of plan 30.73 per cent of the arable land will have assured irrigation facilities compared to existing 5.27 per cent.

� A huge chunk of land to the tune of 24,617 hectares infested with soil erosion, stream bank erosion, etc., shall be treated by adopting soil conservation measures. Support land (community/public/private grasslands) of 2,21,781 hectares shall be treated against invasive weeds and shrubs. This shall improve the fodder production to the approximate level of 22,178 metric tonnes.

� It was found that existing supply of fertilizers falls short of the requirement of farmers. The projected fertilizer requirement in the district by 2012-13 would be around 10,309.52

174

metric tonnes of urea, 10,105.81 metric tonnes of IFFCO (12:32:16), 1,574.66 metric tonnes of SSP and 5,915.24 metric tonnes of MOP. In case of increased irrigation and more diversification, the requirement of different fertilizer brands may increase substantially. Gap is also emerging in the availability of FYM as the existing availability falls 72 per cent short of the requirement. There is also increasing awareness and demand for vermicompost and bio-fertilizers

� With the implementation of District Agricultural Plan, there shall be increase in the gross value output originating in all the primary sectors in the district. The value output of agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry will grow with annual rate of 7.23 per cent, 8.49 per cent and 13.83 per cent, respectively. The gross value of all the primary sectors will increase from existing level of Rs 61,743 lakhs to Rs 1,02,133 lakhs registering the annual growth of about 10 per cent over the plan period.

6.6 Innovative Schemes

There are number of new initiatives envisaged in district agricultural plan with the resolve and efforts to achieve sustainable and holistic development of all the components of farming system. All possible options have been explored. Some of the innovative schemes included in the draft plan are:

� Creation of water harvesting structures

� Provision of irrigation through development of major and minor kuhls

� Natural resource (soil, land water) conservation and resource use efficiencies

� Protection of crops against biotic and abiotic stresses

� Promotion and development of horticulture

� Livestock development through breed improvement, training, management and veterinary services

� Organic farming and promoting protected cultivation

� Development of adequate rural infrastructure particularly markets, roads and bridges

� Reducing drudgery and coping with labour shortage through mechanisation

� Promoting rural handicrafts and enterprises for providing income and employment opportunities in lean (winter) season

6.7 Prioritisation of Schemes

The in-depth survey of sample Panchayats in different blocks was carried out that enabled us to prioritise different location-specific schemes of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and rural development. The prioritisation was done on the basis of PRA conducted at Panchayat level

175

involving progressive farmers and officials of various line departments. The development priorities under different components of agriculture have been shown in Table 6.13. In agriculture, developing irrigation facilities, strengthening input supply, land development / reclamation and providing need based extension/training need to be given top priority at the district level. The other priorities are tackling the problems of wild animals especially monkey menace, development of market sub-yards and micro management of resources for enhancing resource conservation and optimal use at panchayat levels.

In horticulture, development of irrigation, supply of inputs as well as quality planting material, special schemes/incentives for installing anti-hail guns, creating market infrastructure including improved storage facilities and strengthening extension services emerged as the main priorities in different blocks.

In livestock, sector improved breed of dairy cattle, awareness camp organisation, monitoring of mineral deficiency and AI services, pasture development, improving general veterinary services are the major priority areas. The renovation of veterinary institutions and creation of necessary infrastructural facilities should be given due attention to provide adequate veterinary services to farmers. The ancillary activities like mushroom cultivation, bee keeping, agro-processing, organic farming, protected cultivation, etc., should be given due attention by providing sufficient incentives to entrepreneurs.

In brief, the implementation of District Agricultural Plan (DAP) in Shimla district shall strengthen and improve the physical and institutional infrastructure and shall restore, rejuvenate, conserve and enhance the health of the available natural resource base in the district. It shall also give a big boost to the ongoing process of crop diversification towards high value cash crop agriculture including off-season vegetables, horticulture, livestock and other niche based enterprises generating adequate employment opportunities for the rural unemployed youth. In concrete terms, the implementation of the plan shall go a long way in ensuring ecological sustainability and economic viability of the production systems of the district.

17

6

Tab

le 6

.13

Blo

ck-w

ise

Prio

ritiz

atio

n of

Diff

eren

t Wor

ks/ S

chem

es fo

r D

iffer

ent S

ecto

rs in

Shi

mla

Dis

tric

t (R

anks

)

Sr.

No.

Se

ctor

s/Pr

iori

ties

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t

A

Agr

icul

ture

1.

Dev

elop

men

t of

irri

gatio

n sc

hem

es

1 1

1 1

1 2

1 5

9 2

1

2.

Agr

o-sa

le c

ente

rs f

or

supp

ly o

f in

puts

, im

prov

ed s

eeds

&

plan

ting

mat

eria

l ,

spec

ially

for

ve

geta

bles

and

pul

ses

6 2

6 2

5 3

2 1

8 9

2

3 L

and

deve

lopm

ent

rega

rdin

g w

eed

cont

rol &

soi

l, fo

rest

&

pas

ture

m

anag

emen

t

2 5

2 6

6 7

5 7

7 3

3

4.

Che

ck d

am

cons

truc

tion

for

soil

cons

erva

tion

and

land

le

velin

g

3 6

3 7

3 1

6 6

10

8 4

5.

Ext

ensi

on s

ervi

ces

on

impr

oved

agr

icul

tura

l pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy

7 3

7 8

7 4

7 8

3 6

5

6.

Stre

ngth

enin

g of

IPM

an

d IN

M

9 7

8 9

8 8

8 2

2 10

6

7.

Tra

inin

g pr

ogra

mm

e on

impr

oved

pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy

10

8 9

3 9

9 9

4 11

13

7

8.

Mon

key

ster

iliza

tion

prog

ram

me

and

sanc

tuar

ies

vis-

a-vi

s pl

antin

g fr

uit t

rees

in

fore

st to

tack

le

mon

key

men

ace

4 9

4 10

2

5 3

9 12

4

8

17

7

9.

Est

ablis

hmen

t of

at

leas

t one

gos

adan

s in

ea

ch p

anch

ayat

s to

ta

ckle

the

prob

lem

of

stra

y ca

ttle

11

10

10

11

10

6 4

10

13

11

9

10

Mar

ket c

olle

ctio

n an

d di

stri

butio

n ce

ntre

5

11

5 12

4

10

10

11

14

12

10

11.

ISO

PO

M (

puls

es,

oils

eed,

mai

ze a

nd

rice

, spe

cial

sch

eme)

12

12

11

13

11

11

11

12

1 6

11

12.

Bac

kwar

d ar

ea

sub

plan

13

13

12

14

12

12

12

13

4

14

12

13.

SCA

(sp

ecia

l co

mpo

nent

in p

lan

for

sche

dule

d ca

ste)

14

14

13

15

13

13

13

14

5 15

13

14.

Mac

ro m

anag

emen

t pr

ogra

mm

e in

ag

ricu

ltura

l act

iviti

es

8 15

1

16

14

14

14

15

6 16

14

15.

Prov

idin

g fe

ncin

g m

ater

ial

15

16

15

17

15

15

15

3 15

5

15

16.

Prom

otio

n of

org

anic

fa

rmin

g 16

4

16

18

16

16

16

16

16

17

16

17.

Fina

ncia

l sup

port

in

kind

of

subs

idy,

etc

fo

r di

ffer

ent

wor

ks/s

chem

es

17

17

17

4 17

17

17

17

17

18

17

18.

Soil

test

ing

prog

ram

me

18

18

18

19

18

18

18

18

18

1 18

19

. Pr

omot

ion

of

trad

ition

al c

rops

19

19

19

5

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

B.

Hor

ticul

ture

1.

Irri

gatio

n sc

hem

es

1 1

1 1

1 5

5 2

2 6

1 2.

T

imel

y &

reg

ular

su

pply

of

inpu

ts

5 3

3 3

5 6

6 3

5 7

2

3.

Inst

alla

tion

of a

nti

hail

nets

and

gun

s 6

4 6

5 6

7 4

1 7

1 3

4.

Qua

lity

plan

ting

mat

eria

l of

impr

oved

cu

ltiva

rs o

f ap

ple/

frui

t cr

ops

7 5

2 2

7 3

1 5

1 5

4

17

8

5.

Ext

ensi

on s

ervi

ces

to

educ

ate

farm

ers

on

hort

icul

ture

pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy

3 6

7 4

2 8

7 4

6 3

5

6.

Bir

d &

wild

ani

mal

da

mag

e co

ntro

l m

easu

res

9 7

4 6

8 9

8 6

8 2

6

7.

Col

d st

orag

e fa

cilit

ies

at b

lock

leve

l es

peci

ally

for

app

le

4 8

8 7

9 1

2 7

9 4

7

8.

Frui

t & v

eget

able

m

arke

t col

lect

ion

cent

re f

acili

ties

9 9

5 8

3 10

9

8 10

8

8

9.

Impr

ovem

ent o

f ru

ral

road

s un

der

cons

truc

tion

and

to

cons

truc

t new

rur

al

road

s

10

10

9 9

10

4 10

9

11

9 9

10.

Reg

ular

trai

ning

and

de

mon

stra

tion

on

plan

ting

& tr

aini

ng o

f fr

uit t

rees

11

2 10

10

4

11

11

10

12

10

10

11.

Soil

heal

th a

nd s

oil

test

ing

prog

ram

me

2

11

10

11

11

12

12

11

13

11

11

12.

Lan

d de

velo

pmen

t an

d so

il co

nser

vatio

n m

easu

res

12

12

11

12

12

13

13

12

4 12

12

13.

Con

trol

mea

sure

s to

ap

ple

root

and

pr

emat

ure

leaf

fal

l

13

13

12

13

13

2 3

13

14

13

13

14.

Clo

nal r

oot s

tock

for

hi

gh d

ensi

ty

plan

tatio

n of

app

le

14

14

13

14

14

14

14

14

3 14

14

C.

Ani

mal

Hus

band

ry

1.

In

trod

uctio

n of

im

prov

ed b

reed

s su

itabl

e to

clim

ate

1 3

1 3

5 4

1 1

5 1

1

2.

Est

ablis

hmen

t of

dair

y un

its

2 5

5 4

1 5

7 2

3 5

2

17

9

3.

Vac

cina

tion

& A

I pr

ogra

mm

es a

t pa

ncha

yat l

evel

3 1

3 1

4 3

3 3

2 3

3

4.

Impr

ovem

ent o

f gr

ass

in p

astu

re &

orc

hard

s

4 2

6 2

3 1

4 4

7 4

4

5.

Aw

aren

ess

prog

ram

mes

on

bala

nced

fee

ding

, in

sura

nce

5 3

2 5

1 2

5 5

1 2

5

6.

Milk

col

lect

ion

cent

re

6 6

7 6

6 6

6 6

6 6

6 7.

St

reng

then

ing

of

panc

haya

t lev

el

hosp

ital &

di

spen

sari

es s

taff

7 7

8 7

7 7

2 7

4 7

7

8.

Inpu

t mar

ketin

g fa

cilit

ies

of c

ritic

al

inpu

ts

8 8

4

8 8

8 8

8 8

8

D.

Oth

ers

1.

E

stab

lishm

ent o

f po

ultr

y un

its

1 2

1 3

5 3

3 1

4 8

1

2.

Enc

oura

gem

ent o

f fi

sher

ies

2 3

2 11

11

7

5 2

8 10

2

3.

Ince

ntiv

es f

or

proc

essi

ng u

nits

3

4 3

12

12

12

1 7

5 11

3

4.

Exp

lore

pos

sibi

litie

s fo

r o

rgan

ic f

arm

ing

6

6 4

1 14

1

2 3

6 9

4

5.

Mus

hroo

m c

ultiv

atio

n pr

ogra

mm

e

9 7

5 2

2 2

4 4

7 12

5

6.

Fore

st a

rea

can

be

mad

e pr

oduc

tive

by

intr

oduc

ing

MA

DPs

10

9 6

4 3

4 6

5 1

13

6

7.

Co-

oper

ativ

e se

ctor

sh

ould

be

deve

lope

d

12

1 7

5 4

5 7

6 2

6 7

8.

Roo

f w

ater

har

vest

ing

stru

ctur

e

4 5

8 6

6 6

8 8

3 7

8

9.

Agr

o fo

rest

ry

prog

ram

me

5

8 9

7 7

8 10

9

9 14

9

10.

Flor

icul

ture

11

10

10

8

8 9

11

11

12

5 10

11

. A

gro-

tour

ism

7

11

11

9 9

10

12

12

13

4 11

18

0

12.

Form

ulat

ion

of

farm

ers

advi

sory

co

mm

ittee

8 12

12

10

10

11

13

13

14

3

12

13

Prom

otio

n of

pr

otec

ted

culti

vatio

n 13

13

13

13

13

13

14

14

10

1

13

14

Bee

keep

ing

14

14

14

14

1 14

9

10

11

2 14

So

urce

: Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

18

1

App

endi

x: T

able

1: D

emog

raph

ic a

nd In

stitu

tiona

l Fea

ture

s of B

lock

s in

Shim

la D

istr

ict (

Num

ber)

Part

icul

ars

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t G

ram

Pan

chay

ats

29

.00

26.0

0 54

.00

48.0

0 46

.00

17.0

0 26

.00

32.0

0 31

.00

50.0

0 35

9.00

Vill

ages

23

5.00

17

2.00

41

7.00

36

0.00

59

9.00

11

4.00

18

6.00

18

7.00

20

9.00

43

5.00

29

14.0

0

Hou

seho

lds

61

68.0

0 83

76.0

0 13

351.

00

1459

6.00

54

688.

00

5299

.00

8891

.00

1194

4.00

16

173.

00

1520

7.00

15

4693

.00

Tot

al p

opul

atio

n

3142

5.00

45

177.

00

7641

0.00

67

804.

00

2284

98.0

0 25

154.

00

4057

7.00

57

477.

00

7202

6.00

77

954.

00

7225

02.0

0 M

ale

15

023.

00

2315

8.00

39

314.

00

3489

0.00

12

6729

.00

1260

5.00

20

713.

00

2992

8.00

38

688.

00

3994

8.00

38

0996

.00

Fem

ale

1640

2.00

22

019.

00

3709

6.00

32

914.

00

1017

69.0

0 12

549.

00

1986

4.00

27

549.

00

3333

8.00

38

006.

00

3415

06.0

0

Sche

dule

d ca

ste

8177

.00

1284

8.00

22

077.

00

1712

1.00

47

124.

00

6969

.00

1224

1.00

17

786.

00

2336

1.00

21

083.

00

1887

87.0

0

Sche

dule

d tr

ibe

20.0

0 11

.00

125.

00

141.

00

2025

.00

8.00

11

2.00

12

1.00

14

92.0

0 57

.00

4112

.00

Rur

al

5182

3.00

0.

00

7398

8.00

65

3.00

3242

8.00

85

.00

6607

.00

6571

7.00

74

200.

00

3055

01.0

0

Urb

an

0.00

0.

00

945.

00

634.

00

0.

00

3986

4.00

10

07.0

0 31

214.

00

73

664.

00

Sex

ratio

97

0.00

96

0.00

10

50.0

0 94

3.00

90

0.00

10

00.0

0

83.0

0 94

3.00

98

0.00

78

29.0

0

Lite

racy

rat

e

70.0

7 51

.85

58.9

1 67

.00

79.9

6 53

.83

71.1

3 64

.28

67.5

4 70

.49

69.4

2

Mal

e

52.8

5 62

.37

58.3

4 58

.53

58.1

4 47

.46

56.5

6 60

.28

60.6

3 56

.24

57.9

7

Fem

ale

46.7

9 37

.63

41.6

6 41

.47

41.8

6 52

.54

43.4

4 39

.72

39.3

7 43

.52

41.9

9

Sche

dule

cas

te

0.36

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

12

0.03

Sche

dule

trib

e 0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

0.12

0.

01

Hou

seho

lds

econ

omic

stat

us

8837

.00

9326

.00

1152

9.00

19

057.

00

4524

.00

6962

.00

4037

0.00

11

514.

00

9912

.00

1565

8.00

13

7689

.00

Ant

oday

a ho

useh

olds

0.

00

2424

.00

3509

.00

1960

.00

1786

.00

1130

.00

576.

00

1608

.00

3950

.00

16

943.

00

BPL

hou

seho

lds

20

74.0

0 36

60.0

0 53

02.0

0 29

60.0

0 27

38.0

0 17

04.0

0 14

28.0

0 24

27.0

0 59

62.0

0 45

22.0

0 32

777.

00

APL

1 h

ouse

hold

s 67

63.0

0 32

42.0

0 27

18.0

0 23

70.0

0

2064

.00

3836

6.00

74

79.0

0

63

002.

00

APL

2 h

ouse

hold

s

0.00

0.

00

11

767.

00

20

64.0

0

1113

6.00

24

967.

00

Vill

age

amen

ities

64

0.00

33

6.00

18

02.0

0 10

12.0

0 36

6.00

42

6.00

52

4.00

36

5.00

42

1.00

81

4.00

67

06.0

0 C

onne

cted

with

pu

cca

road

s 85

.00

17.0

0 28

8.00

85

.00

5.

00

160.

00

10.0

0 14

.00

47.0

0 71

1.00

Con

nect

ed w

ith

kuch

ha r

oads

11

0.00

37

.00

980.

00

133.

00

45.0

0 32

.00

6.00

22

.00

25.0

0 40

0.00

17

90.0

0

18

2

App

endi

x T

able

1 c

ont…

...

Con

nect

ed w

ith

no r

oads

80

.00

73.0

0 17

4.00

85

.00

65

.00

10.0

0

487.

00

Dri

nkin

g w

ater

su

pply

(%

) 98

.00

51.0

0 65

.00

95.0

0 45

.00

100.

00

100.

00

95.0

0 10

0.00

10

0.00

85

0.00

Vill

ages

ele

ctri

fied

(%

) 10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

00.0

0 T

el c

onne

ctio

n

to p

anch

ayat

s (%

) 10

0.00

0.

00

100.

00

13.0

0 10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

10

0.00

81

3.00

Post

off

ices

15

.00

18.0

0 54

.00

5.00

7.00

32

.00

14.0

0 37

.00

50.0

0 23

2.00

Fair

pri

ce s

hops

52

.00

40.0

0 41

.00

496.

00

76.0

0 17

.00

26.0

0 24

.00

35.0

0 17

.00

824.

00

(i)

Co-

op

depo

t 2.

00

30.0

0 25

.00

490.

00

56.0

0 17

.00

18.0

0 15

.00

33.0

0 12

.00

698.

00

(ii)

Pri

vate

dea

lers

50

.00

10.0

0 16

.00

6.00

20

.00

0.00

8.

00

9.00

2.

00

5.00

12

6.00

Edu

catio

nal a

nd h

ealth

inst

itute

s 32

9.00

38

5.00

81

0.00

59

8.00

66

6.00

25

2.00

27

0.00

43

8.00

75

0.00

33

7.00

48

35.0

0

Prim

ary

scho

ols

103.

00

136.

00

250.

00

191.

00

239.

00

82.0

0 99

.00

132.

00

195.

00

192.

00

1619

.00

Mid

dle

scho

ols

18

.00

28.0

0 58

.00

50.0

0 60

.00

19.0

0 25

.00

35.0

0 48

.00

42.0

0 38

3.00

Hig

h sc

hool

s 19

.00

23.0

0 43

.00

37.0

0 52

.00

14.0

0 14

.00

25.0

0 32

.00

28.0

0 28

7.00

Tech

nica

l ins

titut

ions

0.

00

15.0

0 4.

00

3.00

1.

00

0.00

0.

00

2.00

4.

00

1.00

30

.00

(i) P

olyt

ech/

Eng

g.

0.00

13

.00

13.0

0

(ii)

ITI

0.

00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

1.00

4.

00

(iii)

Nur

shin

g TI

0.

00

1.00

2.

00

1.

00

4.

00

(iv)

Col

lege

of E

duca

tion

0.00

1.

00

1.00

2.

00

1.00

2.

00

2.00

9.00

PHC

4.

00

4.00

8.

00

12.0

0 10

.00

5.00

8.

00

7.00

14

.00

9.00

81

.00

Dis

pens

arie

s

10.0

0 0.

00

21.0

0 20

.00

1.00

10

.00

62.0

0

Sub-

heal

th c

entr

es

15.0

0 20

.00

27.0

0 33

.00

42.0

0 12

.00

20.0

0 24

.00

33.0

0 31

.00

257.

00

Com

mun

ity H

Cs

1.00

1.

00

1.

00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

1.00

7.00

Hos

pita

ls

0.00

0.

00

2.00

1.

00

1.00

1.00

2.

00

2.00

1.

00

10.0

0

Med

ical

col

lege

s cu

m h

ospi

tals

0.

00

0.00

0.

00

Vet

erin

ary

hosp

itals

2.

00

3.00

5.

00

6.00

4.

00

1.00

6.

00

2.00

13

.00

6.00

48

.00

Vet

erin

ary

disp

ensa

ries

15

.00

18.0

0 25

.00

39.0

0 36

.00

12.0

0 28

.00

14.0

0 64

.00

24.0

0 27

5.00

18

3

App

endi

x T

able

1 c

ont..

.

Gos

adan

s 0.

00

0.00

1.00

2.

00

2.00

5.

00

Oth

er h

ealth

inst

itutio

ns

0.00

0.

00

60.0

0

60.0

0

Anga

nwar

i/ Ba

lwar

i 14

2.00

13

7.00

30

7.00

20

5.00

22

0.00

10

6.00

68

.00

183.

00

342.

00

1.00

17

11.0

0

Vill

age

/ com

mun

ity o

rgan

isatio

ns

179.

00

339.

00

545.

00

298.

00

585.

00

151.

00

225.

00

79.0

0 60

5.00

31

9.00

33

25.0

0

Mah

ila m

anda

ls

29.0

0 15

0.00

34

0.00

14

6.00

17

5.00

11

1.00

10

8.00

13

.00

305.

00

216.

00

1593

.00

Self

hel

p gr

oups

15

0.00

94

.00

108.

00

10

5.00

40

.00

45.0

0 47

.00

160.

00

75.0

0 82

4.00

You

th c

lub

0.00

85

.00

45.0

0 63

.00

300.

00

72

.00

10.0

0 12

5.00

28

.00

728.

00

NG

Os

0.00

0.

00

10.0

0 3.

00

5.00

9.

00

4.00

31.0

0

Farm

ers

co-o

pera

tives

0.

00

10.0

0 42

.00

86.0

0

11

.00

14

9.00

Ban

king

inst

itutio

ns

12.0

0 5.

00

58.0

0 99

.00

56.0

0 5.

00

4.00

43

.00

55.0

0 47

.00

384.

00

Com

mer

cial

ban

ks

8.00

3.

00

10.0

0 15

.00

20.0

0 2.

00

1.00

7.

00

55.0

0 12

.00

133.

00

RR

Bs

0.00

0.

00

4.

00

4.00

Cen

tral

co-

oper

ativ

e ba

nks

1.

00

2.00

6.

00

2.

00

4.00

15

.00

Co-

ope

rativ

e cr

edit

soci

etie

s

3.00

0.

00

84

.00

34.0

0

3.00

20

.00

18

.00

162.

00

Any

oth

er

0.00

0.

00

42.0

0

3.

00

8.

00

17

.00

70.0

0

Sour

ce: P

rim

ary

Cen

sus

Abs

trac

t of

Him

acha

l Pra

desh

-Ser

ies

3, C

ensu

s of

Ind

ia, D

irec

tora

te o

f C

ensu

s O

pera

tions

, Him

acha

l Pra

desh

, Shi

mla

and

oth

er B

lock

Lev

el I

ndic

ator

s fr

om D

istr

ict S

tatis

tical

Off

ice,

Shi

mla

.

18

5

App

endi

x T

able

2: D

istr

ibut

ion

of W

orke

rs a

nd C

ateg

orie

s of F

arm

ers (

Num

ber)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

Typ

e B

asan

tpur

C

hirg

aon

Cho

pal

Jubb

al

Mas

hobr

a N

ankh

ari

Nar

kand

a R

ohro

o R

ampu

r T

heog

D

istr

ict

Wor

kers

A

gril.

L

abou

r 55

54

8 62

0 15

93

819

81

242

977

747

1295

69

77

H

ouse

hold

In

dust

ry

88

459

237

604

820

156

122

256

629

169

3540

O

ther

s 34

64

3091

51

25

5750

66

670

1318

40

30

5093

13

166

6126

11

3833

T

otal

19

644

2461

4 34

258

3710

1 99

941

1425

5 23

875

3128

4 39

579

4567

2 37

0223

M

ain

Wor

ker

1333

7 20

229

2884

1 31

569

9013

7 85

85

1342

0 27

295

3158

2 40

714

3057

09

M

argi

nal

Wor

kers

63

07

4385

54

17

5532

98

04

5670

10

455

3989

79

97

4958

64

514

Cul

tivat

ors

97

30

1613

1 22

859

2362

2 21

828

7030

90

26

2096

9 17

040

3312

4 18

1359

Sour

ce: F

ield

sur

vey,

200

7-08

App

endi

x T

able

3: S

tatu

s of M

igra

nt la

bour

(Num

ber)

in S

him

la D

istr

ict

Ori

gin

Stat

us

Bas

antp

ur

Chi

rgao

n C

hopa

l Ju

bbal

M

asho

bra

Nan

khar

i N

arka

nda

Roh

roo

Ram

pur

The

og

Dis

tric

t O

wn

Stat

es

Skill

ed

435

520

75

192

690

85

260

160

310

500

3227

Sem

i-Sk

illed

87

26

0 15

0 24

0 69

0 17

0 13

00

320

620

1000

48

37

U

n-Sk

illed

58

0 52

30

0 96

0 46

0 17

0 13

0 16

0 15

5 25

0 32

17

T

otal

11

02

832

525

1392

18

40

425

1690

64

0 10

85

1750

11

281

Oth

er S

tate

s Sk

illed

14

5 39

0 42

5 48

23

00

170

1170

48

0 31

00

1000

92

28

Se

mi-

Skill

ed

203

130

850

480

2300

34

0 40

04

1280

31

00

2500

15

187

U

n-Sk

illed

58

0 20

8 17

00

2880

18

40

1530

78

0 32

0 12

40

1250

12

328

T

otal

92

8 72

8 29

75

3408

64

40

2040

59

54

2080

74

40

4750

36

743

Tot

al

Skill

ed

580

910

500

240

2990

25

5 14

30

640

3410

15

00

1245

5

Sem

i-Sk

illed

29

0 39

0 10

00

720

2990

51

0 53

04

1600

37

20

3500

20

024

U

n-Sk

illed

11

60

260

2000

38

40

2300

17

00

910

480

1395

15

00

1554

5

Tot

al

2030

15

60

3500

48

00

8280

24

65

7644

27

20

8525

65

00

4802

4

Sou

rce:

Fie

ld s

urve

y, 2

007-

08

Agriculture Plan Shimla - Himachal Pradesh State Biodiversity ...

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Transcript of Agriculture Plan Shimla - Himachal Pradesh State Biodiversity ...