Post on 29-Jan-2023
The World Bank in India • January 2005 12
Bank President visitsIndia 1-3
Bank to pilot use ofcountry systems 4
Development Marketplace2005 5
Field Report 6-8
Events 8-12
Recent Project Approvals 13
New Additions to thePublic Information Center 15
Contact Information 24
About the Photograph:President of the World Bank,James D Wolfensohn, givesChief Minister of Delhi,Sheila Dixit, a hand upto thestage where he delivered thepublic address in New Delhion 18 November 2004
VOL 3 / NO 4 JANUARY 2005
WorldBankIN INDIA
THE
India’s development a globalissue, says Bank President
I N S I D E
The President of the World Bank, Mr James D Wolfensohn, was
in India over November 17-19 at the invitation of the Finance
Minister, Mr P Chidambaram. In meetings with the Prime Minister,
Dr Manmohan Singh, the Finance Minister, the Planning Commission
Deputy Chairman, Mr Montek S Ahluwalia and other officials,
Mr Wolfensohn was briefed on the country’s infrastructure needs
– especially in water management, power, highways and railroad
modernization.
He told a crowded press conference that the Bank would be happy
to support India’s efforts in all these areas, while continuing its
assistance in healthcare, education, AIDS control and other sectors.
“India faces multiple challenges and needs to move along on many
fronts simultaneously,” he observed.
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The World Bank in India • January 2005122
The high point of Mr Wolfensohn’s visit
was his public address, entitled ‘India:
Opportunity and Challenge in a Globalizing
World,’ delivered to an audience of the
Capital’s leading opinion-makers at the
Nehru Memorial Museum and Library.
Commenting on the country’s “enormous
transformation” in the last 10 years, he said
India’s development was “not just an issue
for Indians but for the entire planet.”
A recurrent theme for Mr Wolfensohn was
the challenge of a “two-speed India,” one in
the global fast lane of entrepreneurial talent
and technological creativity, a lane where
Indian companies were becoming a global
presence. In the other lane were the 600,000
villages of rural India where most of the
country’s over 250 million poor people live
under $1a day.
“The challenge now is how you can spread
this enormous profusion of entrepreneurial
talent. One must work at the local level to
engage people in poverty, not out of charity
but as the asset on which you build the
country; a partnership between the
entrepreneurs of fast-growing India and the
700 million in the rural and peri-urban areas,
many of whom have been left behind,”
he suggested. “India can do it. It has
the leaders, the people and the
resources...everyone in the country must
assume responsibility to ensure that it does
not continue to be a two-speed economy.”
Referring to the Government of India’s
Common Minimum Program, the Bank
President said it showed a country with the
vision, resources and capacity to address
poverty and the inclusion of the hundreds
of millions of rural poor. Its challenge now,
said Mr Wolfensohn, was the aggressive
implementation of the program and the
unleashing of the country’s entrepreneurship
to make this happen.
The President began his engagements with
an interaction with representatives of India’s
youth: “What they told me is we need jobs,
we need opportunity, young women need
empowerment, we need protection from
HIV/AIDS. They asked how they could help
the less fortunate, those in child labor, the
children not in school.”
He also met with a group of the Bank’s
NGO partners who described both the thrills
and difficulties of working with the Bank and
governments. The meeting ran over because
of the richness of the discussion, and Mr
Wolfensohn promised to follow it up over
video conference. He also warned of the
growing threat of an AIDS epidemic in India.
“One needs to overcome the cultural barriers
and face this as a development challenge,”
he urged.
Mr Wolfensohn also called on the President
of India, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, who had
visited the Bank premises in New Delhi
Mr Wolfensohnaccompaniedby (from left)the Bank’sVice Presidentfor South Asia,Praful Patel,Ms Sheila Dixit,and the Bank’sCountryDirector forIndia,Michael Carter
The World Bank in India • January 2005 123
earlier in the year on the occasion of the
India Development Marketplace. Dr Kalam
gave Mr Wolfensohn a “fascinating”
presentation of his vision of an India that
fast tracks development on the basis of
“electronic, physical and knowledge
connectivity.”
Meanwhile, Mrs Elaine Wolfensohn met
with representatives of women self-help
groups from the states of Jharkhand and
Uttaranchal and heard a first hand account
of how their lives and those of their children
had improved as a result of the Bank
supported ‘Swashakti’ Program (Rural
Women’s Empowerment Project).
She also visited the Sarvodaya Senior
Secondary School in Delhi and a primary
school in Lalpur village in the state of
Uttar Pradesh to see first-hand the
implementation of the Government’s
‘Education for All’ program. This program
aims to achieve universal enrollment in and
completion of elementary education
(Grades 1-8) for the 6-14 age group by 2010.
It is supported by the Bank through a
US$500 million credit in partnership with
DFID, the European Commission and India’s
federal and state governments.
“The single most important investment that
we can make for human development is to
educate our girls,” Mrs Wolfensohn said. “I
have seen during this visit that the number
of girls in school is steadily increasing and
the confidence that they demonstrate as
they progress in school makes me optimistic
for India’s future.”
A large and enthusiastic group of Lalpur
farmers hosted Mrs Wolfensohn when she
visited the sites of the Uttar Pradesh
Diversified Agriculture Support Project. She
saw the production of bio fertilizers and
integrated pest management techniques,
improved cattle progeny under the breed
conservation programs, and the varied
produce of farmers’ and women’s groups.
“This is the kind of project that should be
replicated in other parts of the country and
in other developing countries,” she
commented, noting that the Project had
helped increase agricultural productivity,
improve farmer incomes and benefit the
environment through use of bio fertilizers
and pesticides. She also lauded the close
cooperation among farmers, researchers,
government officials and NGOs.
Right & Above:Mrs Wolfensohninteractingwith schoolchildrenduring herfield visits toDelhi andUttar Pradesh
The World Bank in India • January 2005124
Bank to pilot use of countryquality systems
existing policies in the country to how well
they are being applied in practice. When
both policy and practice are sound, the Bank
would consider use of those systems for
specific projects.
This is not an entirely new idea – in financial
management and procurement, in particular,
the Bank already has some experience in
assessing countries’ systems and depending
on them in its projects. The advantage of
using country systems more widely is that
it would create incentives for borrowers to
improve their own policies and procedures
and strengthen their implementation
performance.
Detailing the “careful and responsible
approach” the Bank is taking in extending its
use of country systems, World Bank Country
Director Michael Carter said the two-year
pilot program will ensure that this move does
not weaken the Bank’s existing policies.
At the end of the pilot period, there would
be a thorough evaluation to understand the
circumstances under which the approach
can be used to achieve the development
objectives of the Bank and borrowers.
“As a global public institution, the Bank
seeks to ensure that the projects it finances
are carried out under the soundest social
and environmental standards. However,
as a development institution, we are also
concerned that these standards not be
limited just to projects the World Bank and
other donors finance, but that they are
used for all development expenditures in
a country,” says Mr Carter. “Through this
new approach we can join in strengthening
national capacity while ensuring that the
objectives of our policies are met.”
The draft proposals for using country
systems have been available on the Bank’s
website (www.worldbank.org/
countrysystems) since October 8, 2004
and feedback on them will be accepted
and posted through January 21, 2005.
The World Bank is exploring the idea
of using, where they are of acceptable
standard, a country’s own procurement,
financial management, environmental and
social safeguard systems in its operations.
The use of country systems would mean
a move away from the traditional model of
‘ring-fenced’ Bank supported projects in
which Bank financial management,
procurement and safeguard policies are
applied just to Bank-financed activities.
Instead, the Bank, without diluting its
own quality requirements or diminishing its
accountability and responsibility for the
funding it provides, plans to increase its
reliance upon the borrower country’s
institutions, rules, policies and procedures
in an effort to institutionalize its own global
benchmark standards within borrowing
countries.
Moving with extreme caution, the Bank will
pilot the new approach through a two-year
program covering not more that 12 projects
worldwide. This pilot program will comprise
projects with well-identified and manageable
environmental and social risks and will not
cover major infrastructure and water
resources development projects. Existing
accountability mechanisms for independent
review of the Bank’s actions, including the
Inspection Panel, would apply to the pilot
program. For operations that are not a part
of the pilot program, the Bank’s existing
environmental and social safeguard policies
will continue to apply.
Key to the new approach will be an
increased emphasis by the Bank on capacity
building and human resource development
in borrowing countries, which can have a
major multiplier effect by leading to broad
improvements in the quality of government
systems. Before using a country’s systems,
the Bank would assess where they are
adequate to meet the Bank’s needs, and
where implementation capacity is adequate,
it would then work with country authorities to
help strengthen areas of weakness. The
assessment would look beyond the ‘letter’ of
The World Bank in India • January 2005 125
The Development Marketplace (DM) 2005, the World Bank’s unusual initiative to identify
and directly support innovative developmentideas, will see roughly US$3 million being awardedto small-scale projects that not only deliverresults, but also have the potential to beexpanded or replicated elsewhere.
The DM 2005 will be the first thematic one in theseries initiated in 1998. Its theme, Innovations forLivelihoods in a Sustainable Environment, reflectsthe World Bank’s efforts to promote global,national, and local leadership to manage naturalresources in a sustainable manner and minimizeenvironmental degradation.
Proposals must reflect the theme of Innovationsfor Livelihoods in a Sustainable Environment inany of the following areas:
● Renewable energy and energy efficiency at thecommunity level
● Innovative application of clean technologiesin small enterprises
● Biodiversity conservation
● Environmental education and awareness
● Protecting environmental health (air and waterpollution, water supply and sanitation,persistent organic pollutants)
● Sustainable use of natural resources(land, agriculture, water, forests)
Proposals are welcome from a range ofdevelopment innovators – civil society groups,social entrepreneurs, private foundations,academia, private sector corporations, as wellas, staff from the World Bank and otherdonor organizations.
How to Apply
Proposals must be submitted through theDevelopment Marketplace Website atwww.developmentmarketplace.org.All proposals must be submitted by 6 pmWashington Local Time or 23:00 GMT ormidnight India Time on 21 January 2005.
If you are unable to access the internet or thewebsite, please contact the DM team at(202) 522-2042 by fax or send an e-mail to:DMinfo@worldbank.org.
DM2005 Timeline and Key Steps
Development Marketplace process is guidedby the values of inclusiveness, diversity, fairness,and transparency. The overall process isdescribed below.
November 19, 2004 – January 21, 2005:Call for proposals
All proposals for DM2004 should be submittedthrough our website(www.developmentmarketplace.org).
January – March 30th, 2005:Review of proposalsProposals will be assessed against theassessment criteria mentioned above.
March 30th, 2005: Announcement of finalistsAssessors will select roughly 50-60 finalists.
April 1st-April 29th, 2005:Finalists’ proposalsAll finalists will be asked to submit a moredetailed proposal by April 29th.
June 6-7th, 2005:Environment Development Marketplace 2005The Environment Development Marketplace willbe held on June 6-7, 2005 as one of the WorldBank’s major contribution to the WorldEnvironment Day (June 5th). At the Marketplace,an independent jury comprised of World Bankstaff and leading individuals in developmentoutside the Bank (academia, civil society,foundations, government, other donor institutions,and the private sector) will evaluate each proposaland select about 20-30 winners.
Development Marketplace 2005
The World Bank in India • January 2005126
How a watershed project stopped the mountains walking
Right:Sant Ram, thepradhan of theKiarad KalogVillageDevelopmentCommittee
Below:Ruralinfrastructure,like footbridgesand footpaths,was anintegral partof the Project
As for Kiarad Kalog, it is now linked to the
road on the next hill by an all-weather paved
path that fords the stream with a little
footbridge. The metamorphosis of Kiarad
Kalog, and a hundred other little mountain
villages like it, stems from the Integrated
Watershed Development Project (Hills), a
US$ 135 million World Bank-assisted
program being implemented in five states
spanning the Himalayan foothills known
as the Shivaliks – Jammu and Kashmir,
Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and
Uttaranchal.
Sant Ram, the pradhan or chief of the Kiarad
Kalog Village Development Committee (VDC),
sums up the difference the Project has made
to his little village. “The Project has shown us
the light,” he says. “For 50 years, we saw all
our demands languishing. Roads, footpaths,
water, bridges, forests – we had nothing and
we kept waiting for someone to do
something for us. But the Project showed us
that we could create all these things
ourselves.”
The Integrated Watershed Development
Project (Hills) aims at halting degradation
in some 75 sub-watersheds of the Shivaliks,
spanning some 200,000 ha and increasing
their productive potential. Once covered by
dense forests, the Shivaliks are almost totally
denuded now, thanks to population
pressures that have spurred demands for
food, fodder and fuelwood in huge quantities.
The marginal lands are also being cultivated
now, leading to increased soil erosion.
Today, the Shivaliks are among the eight
most degraded rainfed eco-systems of India.
K iarad Kalog is a tiny village in the lower
reaches of the mountain state of
Himachal Pradesh. Until a couple of years
ago, existence in Kiarad Kalog was attuned
solely to the rhythms of the rains. Fields
could be sown only after the first showers
came, irrigation tanks ran empty until the
skies rained benevolence and drinking water
wells gave up turbid slush until the
monsoons filled their depths afresh.
But the rains, when they came, ravaged even
where they reared. Hillsides stripped of
vegetation by generations of grazing cattle
and foraging villagers were unable to bear
the onslaught from above. Little rivulets ran
unchecked down the slopes, turning the little
stream at the bottom of the hill into any
angry torrent and isolating Kiarad Kalog for
days. Only a fraction of the crops survived in
the denuded soil, providing the villagers with
a meager subsistence.
And, all the while, the mountains kept
walking – which is how the local people
describe the inexorable movement of soil
erosion in these parts.
Today, the mountains have stopped walking,
stalled in their march to nothingness by the
roots of young trees and shrubs planted and
nurtured by the villagers; the fields are lush
with cash crops through the year, watered in
large part from earthen dams and tanks
constructed by the villagers; and wells
seldom run dry.
From the Field
The World Bank in India • January 2005 127
Right:Cropdiversification,promotedstrongly bythe Project,helped farmersincreasehouseholdincomes
“The focus was not just on the soil or water,
but on the entire farming system – food,
fodder, livestock – and its ultimate aim was
not just watershed development but also
livelihood development,” says Daniel Sellen,
the Bank task leader for the Project.
As the Project draws to a close, its impact
indicators tell a success story:
● Incomes in Project-covered households,
two-thirds of which comprise small and
marginal farmers, rose by as much as 38 %
● 41,841 hectares of forest was planted
● 84,752 hectares of non-arable land was
treated by planting trees, vegetative shrub
barriers, developing pastures and other
measures of landslide control.
● 9,294 hectares of hitherto unproductive
land was irrigated by water harvesting
schemes
● Improved farming techniques saw wheat
yields rise from 1.8 tonnes per hectare to
2.5 tonnes per hectare and maize from
1.8 to 2.2 tonnes per hectare
● A significant animal husbandry program
saw milk yields for cows rise from 1.9
litres per day to 3.2 litres per day and
buffalo yields from 3.44 litres per day to
4.9 litres per day.
● Rural access in the region improved
by constructing 192 kms of rural roads;
1,584 kms of footpaths and 330
footbridges.
● 1,375 self-help groups established
The range of natural resource management
interventions planned under the Project were
all initiated in conjunction with the local
communities of the target watersheds. The
Project was impelled by villagers working
through 1,337 elected Village Development
Committees (VDCs), which served as
effective channels for the Project funds.
These VDCs – with incidentally 40 percent
women’s representation – drew up micro-
plans for their villages; spelled out their
problems and priorities; and then worked on
the solutions, contributing both part of the
money and the labor.
Together, they constructed some footbridges
and paved tracks into the hills; they built
check dams and flow barriers; they repaired
terraces and bunds; they chose which trees
Working on the ground through user groups
– for irrigation schemes or drinking water
schemes for instance – and thrift groups
(the self-help groups), the Project has tried
to help local communities manage their
natural resources in a manner that not only
sustains their environment but also creates
livelihood opportunities. So, rainwater
harvesting structures were constructed to
irrigate lands that have historically been
unproductive. The farmers were then
encouraged to plant high-value crops like
vegetables, aromatic and medicinal plants
and flowers, in these fields. Venture into the
heart of the Shivaliks anywhere today to see
farmers tending a variety of non-traditional
crops. If it is medicinal aloe vera and safed
musli (Chlorophytum Borivilianum) in
Uttaranchal and onion seed in Haryana, in
Himachal it is organically-grown vegetables
that seem to have caught the farmers’ fancy.
to plant on denuded slopes and planted
them; they built lift irrigation schemes and
water supply pumps.
“The real sustainability of the Project is the
social capital built in these groups,” says
Sellen. Early indications from impact
evaluation studies suggest that the majority
of VDCs and self-help groups are likely to
outlive the Project. “The glue we used was
that of linking all institutions and activities to
income generation for the villagers,” says
the Project Director for the Himachal
Pradesh wing of the Project, Mr R K Gupta.
The World Bank in India • January 200512
Marginal lands were planted with fruit trees
that not only increased plantation cover on
the hills but also fetched farmers a tidy sum
in the market. Then, the hillsides were
reforested with species that could ease the
demand for precious fodder and fuelwood or
even provide raw materials for a host of
small enterprises like making ropes, baskets
or pattals, the leaf-plates used in traditional
Indian ritual feasts. The on-farm production
of fodder – planting juicy grasses like napier
along the boundaries of fields – not only
reduced indiscriminate grazing but also
removed the need to buy supplementary
cattle feed.
The instances of livelihood development
under the Project are legion: In Haryana,
Gujjar villages are populated the year
through, as the transhumant herder
community shows signs of settling down to
farm, drawn by improved water resources.
In Himachal, the below-poverty line village
of Nandowal are looking at prospects of
prosperity. Two large earthen dams catch the
rainwater and irrigate the lands of the
village’s poorest families. Farmers who
struggled to grow fodder a
few years ago are now planting tomatoes.
Fodder and fuelwood are abundant; the
water table has been recharged and drinking
water is being pumped to homes up the
furthest slopes; and the village women are
supplementing their household incomes
making ropes, indigenous salt licks for
cattle, and setting up forest nurseries.
“The forests have benefited and so have
we,” says septuagenarian Majid.
Apart from the obvious on-farm and
off-farm benefits, the Project has wrought
a deeper change by supporting some key
policy and institutional reforms in watershed
management. Among its major
achievements is the formulation of the
Shivalik Watershed Development Strategy,
a move towards harmonizing development
guidelines across the five states that cover
the Shivaliks.
A new report by the World Bank titled
State Fiscal Reforms in India: Progress
and Prospects was launched at a series of
workshops held in New Delhi, Kolkata,
Ranchi and Mumbai over November and
December. The discussions organized to
promote discussion of the issues raised in
the report were attended by policy-makers,
government officials, academics and others.
Recognizing the centrality of fiscal reforms
to improving state government effectiveness,
the World Bank has, since the mid-nineties,
supported the efforts of several states to
improve their fiscal performance. Several
reports on fiscal performance and reforms
in individual states have been written but this
is the first report that looks across states to
discuss what has worked, what hasn’t,
and what more needs to be done.
Events
REPORT LAUNCH
State Fiscal Reports in India: Progress &
Prospects 22 September 2004 • New Delhi
The report notes that while some states
have shown progress in fiscal reforms, at
the aggregate level there are few signs of
improvement. State debt continues to
increase, and India’s states are now perhaps
the most heavily indebted of all sub-national
entities worldwide. The worsening fiscal
position of the states since the late nineties is
not only a macroeconomic issue: the report
also shows that it has hurt the development
effectiveness of the states, especially the
poorer ones. What is important, therefore, the
report argues is not fiscal adjustment alone,
but development-oriented fiscal adjustment.
“If state finances are not put on a stronger
footing, the sustainability of investments
cannot be assured, and government
effectiveness will continue to suffer. The
poorer states are particularly at risk,” says
Mr Stephen Howes, the Bank’s lead
economist for India and one of the co-
authors of the report.
8
The World Bank in India • January 2005 12
Despite the limited progress to date, the
report argues that states can successively
adjust provided that they continue to contain
their salary bill, control wasteful subsidies,
and reform their tax regime. High on the tax
agenda, the report argues, should be three
things: introduction of the state-level VAT; a
greater emphasis on the professions tax as
a potentially important but neglected direct
tax revenue source for the states; and
greater focus on tax administration reforms
and inter-state revenue coordination to
simplify the system, and reduce corruption.
The report was released in New Delhi at
the National Institute of Public Finance
and Policy (November 23); in Kolkata at the
Indian Institute of Management (November
30) in Ranchi on December 15 and in
Mumbai (with the Mumbai University on
December 22; it will also be discussed in
Patna, Chennai, Hyderabad, Chandigarh,
Bangalore, Lucknow and Bhubaneswar
over the next few months.
The entire report is available online in
PDF format at the Bank’s India website
http://www.worldbank.org.in
For details also see page 15
REPORT LAUNCH
Global Economic Prospects
8 December 2004 • New Delhi
T he World Bank in collaboration with
the Federation of Indian Chambers of
Commerce and Industry (FICCI), organized
the India launch of the Global Economic
Prospects 2005: Trade, Regionalism and
Development in New Delhi.
Presentations made
on the occasion by
Mr Uri Dadush,
Director, Economic
Policy and
Development
Prospects Group
of the World Bank,
and by Mr Richard
Newfarmer, Economic Adviser, Economic
Policy and Development Prospects Group
and lead author of the report are available on
the Bank’s India website:
http://www.worldbank.org.in
For details also see page 17
WORKSHOP
Re-energizing Agriculture in India
17 December 2004 • New Delhi
Doubling the rate of agriculture growth
in India to 4 percent is ‘no pie in the
sky’ but quite within the bounds of
achievement, said Deputy Chairman of the
Planning Commission Montek Singh
Ahluwalia. This target growth rate would not
only lead to significant reductions in rural
poverty but would also impel the GDP to
grow at the targeted 8 percent, he said,
while delivering the inaugural address at an
international workshop on ‘Re-energizing
Agriculture in India,’ in New Delhi on
December 17, 2004.
Conceding that the target growth rate
was not an easy task given the state of the
agricultural sector, Mr Ahluwalia said,
however, that “many countries across the
world have accomplished it in the recent
past”.
The workshop, organized jointly by the
World Bank, the Rajiv Gandhi Institute for
Contemporary Studies, and the Washington-
based International Food Policy Research
Institute (IFPRI), also marked the launch of
an India-focused World Bank publication,
Renergizing the Agricultural Sector to
Sustain Growth and Reduce Poverty.
The report, noting the slowdown in
agricultural growth in the 1990s, says that
the existing policy regime – founded on
achieving foodgrain self sufficiency through
high price support and large subsidies for
fertilizers, irrigation and power – is “no
longer compatible with the changed
environment of the 21st century”.
DeputyChairman ofthe PlanningCommission,Montek SinghAhluwaliaflanked byC HanumanthaRao andMichael Carter
9
The World Bank in India • January 20051210
Urging bold action from policy-makers to
achieve the annual agricultural growth rate of
4 percent targeted in the Tenth Plan, the
report recommends two key steps: The first
is to reorient government expenditure away
from subsidies towards productivity-
enhancing public investments, including
rural infrastructure and services. The second
policy change suggested is the elimination
of restrictions on domestic trade (controls on
credit, storage and transport) unless in
situations of emergency, and the removal of
levies on rice and sugar, the small-scale
reservation of agro-enterprises, as well as
state controls on wholesale marketing.
According to the authors, these changes will
improve the investment climate for farmers
and the private sector to effectively meet
market opportunities.
Among those who attended the workshop
were Prof C H Hanumantha Rao, Prof Bibek
Debroy (Director, RGICS), Dr Ashok Gulati
(IFPRI), and Mr. Sompal (former minister of
agriculture). The valedictory address was
given by the Minister of State for Planning,
Dr Rajashekharan.
For details also see page 15
Senior Advisorof the WorldBank InstituteCarl Dahlman,BCGChairmanArun Mairaand MichaelCarter at theKnowledgeEconomyWorkshop
The workshop used the World Bank report
on the above theme as a launching pad for
discussion among high level policy makers
from the central and selected state
governments in the areas of education,
innovation, and ICT, including the Minister
of State from the Prime Minister’s Office,
Mr Prithviraj Chavan, industry
representatives (such as from leading
companies such as Infosys, Tata
Consultancy Services, ITC, and NASSCOM),
academics, think tanks, consulting firms,
and World Bank staff.
Presentations from the workshop available
at http://www.worldbank.org
● India’s Strengths and Opportunities in the
Knowledge Economy by Carl Dahlman
and Anuja Utz of K4D
● Prioritizing Key Issues in the Economic
and Institutional Regime, by Dilip Chenoy,
Director General, Society of Indian
Automobile Manufacturers
● Higher Education and the Knowledge
Economy by Arun Nigavekar, Chairman,
University Grants Commission
● Seizing Opportunities to Leverage India’s
Potential in ICTs by Rajeev Chawla,
Secretary, E-Governance, Government
of Karnataka.
The executive summary of the report India
and the Knowledge Economy: Leveraging
Strengths and Opportunities can also be
found on the site.
CONFERENCE
Improving India’s Investment Climate
24 November 2004 • Mumbai
The World Bank, in collaboration with the
Confederation of Indian Industries (CII)
organized a conference that brought
together senior policy-makers and business
leaders to discuss and debate the findings of
three recent Bank reports: Investment
Climate Assessment Report 2005 for India,
Doing Business Indicators 2005, and the
World Development Report 2005 –
A Better Investment Climate for Everyone.
The conference provided a forum to discuss
the key constraints and challenges to
competitiveness facing India’s private sector,
reviewed recent progress made by the
Center and the states in addressing these
WORKSHOP
India and the Knowledge Economy:
Leveraging Strengths and Opportunities
9 November 2004 • New Delhi
The Knowledge for Development (K4D)
program of the World Bank Institute
delivered a successful workshop in
partnership with the Confederation of Indian
Industries (CII) with the aim of initiating a
broad discussion on how India can leverage
its potential to further compete in the global
knowledge economy.
The World Bank in India • January 2005 1211
Leader of theWDR 2005team, WarwickSmith, chiefeconomist ofCII, RajivKumar, andSaumitraChaudhuri ofICRA at theConference
WORKSHOP
Better Air Quality in Asia
6-8 December 2004 • New Delhi
constraints, exchanged ideas on how best to
overcome investment climate bottlenecks,
and explored ways in which the Bank could
partner with government and business to
create a more investor-friendly environment.
Mr Praful Patel, Vice President of the
South Asia Region for the World Bank, gave
the inaugural address at the conference
while the Chief Minister of Maharashtra,
Mr Vilas Rao Deshmukh, delivered the
concluding address at this Conference.
Several business leaders from India as well
as leading Bank experts gave presentations
and read papers at the conference, which
can be accessed at the Bank’s India website
http:www.worldbank.org.in
motorization, and industrialization is
putting tremendous stress on air quality
management. Today, nine of the 16 world
megacities are in Asia and the region
continues to be rapidly urbanized,” says
the Bank’s Country Director for India,
Mr Michael Carter.
The economic costs of air pollution in Asia
are estimated in several billion US dollars
annually, representing productivity losses,
health costs and the deterioration of urban
quality of life. Many sources contribute to
urban air pollution, from household heating
to cooking to biomass and garbage burning
to industrial emissions, power generation,
and mobile sources.
“A three-pronged approach is needed:
Coordinating environmental policies at the
national and regional level; taking proactive
actions at the city level; and engaging
stakeholders at all levels,” says the Bank’s
Lead Environment Specialist in the East Asia
and Pacific Region, Mr Jitendra Shah.
For more details on CAI-Asia visit
http://ww.cleanairnet.org/caiasia
A workshop on urban air quality
management was organized jointly by
the World Bank and the Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB), Ministry of
Environment and Forest (MoEF). Pegged to
the launch of the recently concluded report
For a Breath of Fresh Air: Ten Years of
Progress and Challenges in Urban Air Quality
Management in India 1993-2002 (the full
report can be accessed at
www.worldbankorg/sarurbanair), the
workshop was attended by representatives
of all states that are in the process of
developing ‘action plans’ for addressing
urban air pollution in critically polluted cities.
Key issues that emerged during the course
of the presentations and the discussions
included improving the quality of the
National Air Quality Monitoring Program
by coopting industries and industrial
associations to enhance efficiency and fill
WORKSHOP
Urban Air Quality Management in India:
Progress and Future Challenges
18-19 October 2004 • New Delhi
According to WHO estimates,
approximately 500,000 premature
deaths are caused by urban air pollution in
Asia every year. To assist countries and
cities in the region to improve their air
quality, the Clean Air Initiative for Asian
Cities (CAI-Asia) was launched by the World
Bank, the Asian Development Bank and
others in 2001. The annual conference of the
CAI-Asia, Better Air Quality 2004 (BAQ 2004)
held in Agra in early December attracted
over 600 participants from 40 countries.
“Nowhere is the relationship between
economic growth and air pollution
being posed more clearly than in Asia.
The combination of rapid urbanization,
The World Bank in India • January 200512
Posterdisplay atthe Bank’sNew Delhioffice on theoccasionof WorldAIDS Day
ACTIVITIES
World AIDS Day
1 December 2004 • New Delhi
12
Starting December 1, a series of activities
were organized at the World Bank’s
New Delhi office to mark World AIDS Day.
Staff wore ribbons to express solidarity and
support to HIV/AIDS control initiatives. A
poster and publications display was set up
data gaps. A need to strengthen data analysis
and interpretation was also voiced as was the
need to conduct emission inventory studies
to identify varying pollution sources.
There was unanimous opinion that current
action plans are too heavily loaded towards
addressing vehicular emissions. It was felt
that since the so-called ‘first generation’
reforms undertaken in Delhi are considered a
success, other cities are following the ‘Delhi
model’ – which is perceived as having an
excessive focus on the addressing
emissions from vehicular sources. However,
it was pointed out that the real ‘Delhi model’
included a mix of actions that targeted not
only the automobile sector, but also urban,
and industrial sectors. As such, it followed a
more integrated approach than is perceived.
in the foyer and the Public Information
Center (PIC). Handouts were available for
visitors. Documentaries and public service
announcements were screened in the PIC
and the foyer from December 1-10. Posters
and music videos obtained from partner
agencies were extensively used to promote
HIV/AIDS awareness in the workplace.
NGOs implementing care and support
activities for high-risk groups and street
children held an exhibition-cum-sale of
products generated as part of their income
generating activities for the affected
communities. The proceeds went to the
communities directly. NGO staff and people
living with HIV/AIDS interacted with visitors.
Tales of the Night Fairies, a highly acclaimed
movie was screened on December 15 to
staff. The director, Ms Sohini Ghosh, and
the cameraperson, Ms Sabeena Gadihoke
attended the screening and interacted with
the audience. Also slated for screening is
Phir Milenge, an award-winning feature film
in Hindi directed by Revathy Menon. The
movie deals with stigma and discrimination
attached with HIV-AIDS and explores the
legal, ethical and gender dimensions of the
HIV/AIDS problem in the Indian context.
The World Bank in India • January 2005 12
Madhya Pradesh Water Sector
Restructuring Project
30 November
The agreement for the US$ 394.02 million
loan was signed at the Ministry of
Finance, with Dr Ranjit Bannerji, Joint
Secretary in the Department of Economic
Affairs, Ministry of Finance, signing on behalf
of the Government of India. Mr Subroto
Banerji, Principal Secretary in the Water
Resources Department, Government of
Madhya Pradesh, signed on behalf of the
Government of Madhya Pradesh. Mr Michael
Carter, the Country Director for India, signed
on behalf of the World Bank.
13
Carbon Tetrachloride
(CTC) Sector Plan Implementation Project
10 December 2004
An agreement for a US$53.04 million
grant was signed at the Ministry of
Environment and Forests with Dr Prodipto
Ghosh, Secretary in the Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Government of
India, signing on behalf of the Government
of India. Mr S W Patwardhan signed on
behalf of the Industrial Development Bank
of India Limited, while Mr Fayez S Omar,
Senior Manager of the India Program and
Acting Country Director for India, signed
on behalf of the World Bank.
Recent Project Signings
Recent Project Approvals
Orissa Socio-Economic Development
Credit/Loan
2 November 2004
A US$125 million Orissa Socio-Economic
Development Credit/Loan was
approved by the World Bank. This
assistance will help the state address its
severe fiscal stress, characterized by large
deficits and unsustainable debt, which has
hindered its ability to release resources to
tackle poverty effectively.
Small and Medium Enterprise Financing
and Development Project
30 November 2004
A US$120 million loan was approved by
the Bank Board to the Small Industries
Development Bank of India (SIDBI), backed
by a Government of India guarantee.
This loan is aimed at improving Small and
Medium Enterprises’ access to finance and
business development services, thereby
fostering growth and employment creation.
Assam Agricultural Competitiveness
Project, 14 December 2004
A US$154 million credit to the state of
Assam was approved by the Bank
Board to assist in improving the productivity
of its agricultural sector. The project is
designed to stimulate the growth of Assam’s
agricultural economy, through activities
directed primarily at small and marginal
landholders, poor fishing communities, and
the landless. Rural communities across
the state will benefit.
Tamil Nadu Health Systems Project
16 December 2004
A credit of US$110.83 million was
approved to help the state of Tamil
Nadu improve the effectiveness of its health
system, both public and private. The project
will help introduce new approaches in the
way the health sector functions in the state,
such as promoting collaboration with the
private sector, adopting quality assurance
mechanisms, and addressing the growing
burden of non-communicable diseases.
Lucknow-Muzaffarpur Highway Project
21 Decmber 2004
The World Bank today approved a loanof US$620 million to upgrade the stretch
of National Highway No. 28 between
Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh and Muzaffarpurin Bihar on the East-West National HighwayCorridor. The Project is the fourth World
Bank loan to support the Government ofIndia’s National Highway DevelopmentProject and will help reduce transport costs
as well as contribute to opening access tothe more remote North East of the country.
The World Bank in India • January 20051214
The Administrative Staff College of India
[ASCI], Hyderabad is organizing a
program on procurement procedures for
The World Bank-aided projects from January
24 to February 4, 2005. The program is
supported by the Bank’s New Delhi office
by provision of faculty/training materials.
Contact:
Dr BS Chetty, Programme Director
Fax: 91-40-2332 4365 and 91-40-2331 0952
E-mail: bschetty@asci.org.in,
poffice@asci.org.in.
The conference will address different
dimensions for reconciliation between
fiscal policy and urban infrastructure
investment: in policy design, analytical
understanding, national and international
debt rules, and the politics of policy
implementation. India, China, Brazil, Poland,
and South Africa will share their experience.
All five countries are pursuing a form of
decentralized urban infrastructure
management against a backdrop of
significant fiscal management challenges.
This knowledge-sharing workshop aims
to assess the working capacities of
Country Systems (laws, regulations and
institutions) and Bank’s procedures that
followed to implement the Land Acquisition
and R&R, in order to improve project results.
Forthcoming Events
TRAINING PROGRAM
Procurement Procedures for
World Bank-aided Projects
14-25 February 2005 • Faridabad
CONFERENCE
Mobilizing Urban Infrastructure Finance
in a Responsible Fiscal Framework:
Lessons from Brazil, China, India,
Poland and South Africa
6-8 January 2005 • Jaipur
WORKSHOP
Land Acquisition and Resettlement &
Rehabilitation Issues in the Transport
Sector
10-11 February 2005 • New Delhi
TRAINING PROGRAM
Procurement Procedures for
World Bank-aided Projects
24 January-4 February 2005 • Hyderabad
The workshop intends to identify
approaches and systems used and propose
appropriate improvement to the existing
systems and procedures of R&R for existing
and new transport projects.
The following are the major knowledge
events being organized by the World
Bank Public Information Center (PIC) in India
over January – February 2005:
21 January 2005
Full day knowledge event at the Gokhale
Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune
24 January 2005
Full day knowledge event at Mumbai
University Library, Mumbai
25 January - 6 February 2005
Display of World Bank publications and
electronic knowledge resources at the
Kolkata Book Fair.
PIC EVENTS
January - February 2005
The National Institute of Financial
Management, Faridabad is organizing a
program on procurement procedures for
World Bank-aided projects from February
14 to 25, 2005. The program is supported
by New Delhi office by provision of faculty
and training materials. Contact: Dr Anand
Sharma, Programme Coordinator,
Tel: 2418876 [O], 2412299 [R], 9810722989
[M]. E-mail: anand_nifm@yahoo.com
Or contact: Mr R N Ghosh,
Joint Coordinator, Tel: 2418857 [ext.239],
9810323469 [M], E-mail: chanron@vsnl.com
The World Bank in India • January 2005 12
Publications may be consulted and copiesof unpriced items obtained from:
The World Bank PIC70 Lodi EstateNew Delhi -110 003
Tel: 011-2461 7241Fax: 011-2461 9393
Internet: www-wds.worldbank.orgEmail: hbalasubramanian@worldbank.org
To order priced publications
Allied Publishers Ltd.751 Mount RoadChennai - 600 002
Tel: 044-852 3938Fax: 044-852 0649Email: aplchn@vsnl.net
BookwellHead Office2/72 Nirankari ColonyDelhi - 110 009
Tel: 011-2725 1283
Sales Office:24/4800 Ansari RoadDarya GanjNew Delhi - 110 002
Tel: 011-2326 8786, 2325 7264Fax: 011-2328 1315Email: bkwell@nde.vsnl.net.in
Anand Associates1219 Stock Exchange Tower12th Floor Dalal StreetMumbai - 400 023
Tel: 022-2272 3065/66Fax: 022-2272 3067Email: thrupti@vsnl.comInternet: www.myown.org
Team Spirit (India) Pvt. Ltd.B - 1 Hirak CentreSardar Patel ChowkNehru Park, VastrapurAhmedabad - 380 015
Tel: 079-676 4489
Email: business@teamspiritindia.net
New Additions to thePublic Information Center
This is a select listing of recent World Bank publications, working papers, operationaldocuments and other information resources that are now available at the New Delhi Office
Public Information Center. Policy Research Working Papers, Project Appraisal Documents,Project Information Documents and other reports can be downloaded in pdf format from‘Documents and Reports’ at www.worldbank.org
India Analytical & Advisory Work
15
State Fiscal Reforms in India – Progress andProspects
Project ID : P085983Report No. : 28849(Economic Report)
States in India play anincreasingly important rolein devising, andimplementing policies tostimulate economic growth,and promote humandevelopment. But theperformance of India’s
states is increasingly divergent: State deficits and debtlevels rose sharply in the late nineties, and off-budgetliabilities also increased rapidly. This sharp fiscaldeterioration gave rise to state-level fiscal adjustmentefforts, which have shown some signs of improvement.However, concerns about the level, and composition offiscal deficits remain. This report asseses the situationacross various states.
India: Re-energizing Agricultural Sector to SustainGrowth and Reduce Poverty
Project ID: P085570Report No: 27889(Sector Report)
Agriculture in India willremain the mainstay fora large share of the ruralpopulation in the nextdecade, many of whichalso comprise the ruralpoor. Promoting morerapid agricultural growth,
particularly achieving the government goal of 4 percentgrowth per year, will be extremely crucial not only toachieving strong economic performance for the countryas a whole, but also in lifting large numbers ofagricultural households above poverty. This reportspotlights the difficult challenge of balancing shortvs. longer term policies and expenditure prioritiesto achieve targets.
The World Bank in India • January 20051216
Malaria Control, Orissa Health SystemsDevelopment, Tuberculosis Control, Women andChild Development, and Gujarat EmergencyEarthquake Reconstruction Projects : ProposedRestructuring of Five Projects for Polio Eradication
Project ID: P010473, P010511, P035827,P010496, P074018Report No.: 30152(Board Report)
This report seeks the approval of the ExecutiveDirectors of the Bank to restructure five projects:Malaria Control Project (Cr. 29640-IN), Orissa HealthSystems Development Project (Cr. NO41 0-IN),Tuberculosis Control Project (Cr. 29360-IN), Womenand Child Development Project (Cr. N0420-IN), andGujarat Emergency Earthquake Reconstruction Project(Cr. 36370-IN)
The proposed restructuring will assist the Governmentof India in eradicating poliomyelitis from the countryand supplement the ongoing ImmunizationStrengthening Project (Cr. 33400-IN) and theSupplemental Credit to this project (Cr. 33401-IN) byfinancing the additional polio eradication activitiesrequired on an emergency basis by the Government ofIndia. In all five projects, the proposed restructuring willneither compromise the original objectives nor affecttheir overall economic viability.
The report proposes reallocating SDR 65.35 million(approximately US$ 96 million equivalent) of creditproceeds to support urgent financing needs for a polioeradication program in India. Two of these projects(Orissa Health Systems Development and Women andChild Development) are financed through Interim TrustFunds (ITF). Approval is being sought for these twoprojects through the International DevelopmentAssociation (IDA) since ITF credits have become part ofIDA’s general resources, and IDA may act for itself withregard to such resources rather than as administratorfor ITF.
Financing Highways
Project ID : P077922Report No. : 30363 (Sector Report)
This report is designed to provide information andadvice to the Indian Union and state governments onthe principles and practicalities for establishing asound and sustainable system of highway financing.The report reviews the economic principles forestablishing efficient and equitable road user charges(road pricing), and examines the potential mechanismsfor charging road users. Present road taxation in Indiais assessed in the light of these considerations as isthe levels of highway funding required to meetgovernment objectives.
The report reviews the potential contribution of privatesector finance to the sector and assesses the presentuse of private finance and the alternative possibilitiesfor utilizing the private sector in the financing andmanagement of the network. The report also examines
the need for an agenda of sector reform whichaddresses both the financial and institutionalframeworks needed to achieve network sustainabilityand public acceptance of higher user charges.
Measuring the Risk on Housing Investment in theInformal Sector: Theory and Evidence from Pune,India
By David le Blanc andMudit Kapoor
World Bank PolicyResearch Working PaperWPS3433
Free! OnlineEnglish 47 pp.Published October 2004
The authors provide aneconomic framework to
analyze investment in informal housing in developingcountries. They consider a simple model of investmentin the housing market where investors can choosebetween two sectors – the formal sector, wherephysical investment faces no risk of destruction, andthe informal sector, where investment in each periodis subjected to an exogenous risk of destruction.
The model implies that returns on investment,measured by the rent-to-value ration, will be higherin the informal sector. The authors use a surveyconducted by the World Bank in Pune in 2002.This survey had asked 2,850 households, regardlessof tenure status, questions about the market rent andvalue of their dwelling. Thus they calculated individualrates of return for each unit without facing the typicalselection bias problems. Comparing the distributionsof returns in the informal and formal sectors, theauthors obtained the following results:
● Rates of return are significantly higher in theinformal sector, as predicted by the model.
● These figures imply a perceived risk on housinginvestment in the informal sector equivalent to anannual destruction rate ranging between 1 and2 percent.
● The two distributions of rates of return presenthighly idiosyncratic components and are not wellexplained by variables proxying either the strengthof informal property rights or lower perceivedrisks of eviction.
India’s Public Health System: How Well Doesit Function at the National Level?
By Monica Das Gupta and Manju Rani
World Bank Policy Research Working PaperWPS3447Free! On-lineEnglish 26 pp. Published November 2004
India has relatively poor health outcomes, despitehaving a well-developed administrative system,
The World Bank in India • January 2005 12
India Investment Climate 2004By World Bank
Free! OnlineEnglish Paperback 63 pp.Published November 2004
Doing Business in 2005 : India Regional ProfileBy World Bank
Free! OnlineEnglish Paperback 56 pp.Published August 2004
Publications
17
good technical skills in many fields, and an extensivenetwork of public health institutions for research,training, and diagnostics. This suggests that the healthsystem may be misdirecting its efforts, or may bepoorly designed.
To explore this, the authors use instruments developedto assess the performance of public health systems inthe United States and Latin America based on theframework of the Essential Public Health Functions,identified as the basic functions that an effective publichealth system must fulfill.
The authors focus on the federal level in India, usingdata obtained from senior health officials in the centralgovernment. The data indicates that the reportedstrengths of the system lie in having the capacity tocarry out most of the public health functions. Itsreported weaknesses lie in three broad areas.
First, it has overlooked some fundamental public healthfunctions such as public health regulations and theirenforcement. Second, deep management flaws hindereffective use of resources, including inadequate focuson evaluation, on assessing quality of services, ondissemination and use of information, and on opennessto learning and innovation.
Third, the central government functions too much inisolation and needs to work more closely with other keyactors, especially with sub-national governments, aswell as with the private sector and with communities.The authors conclude that with some reassessment ofpriorities and better management practices, healthoutcomes could be substantially improved.
Rural Access to Electricity: Strategy Optionsfor India
By World Bank
Free! OnlineEnglish Paperback 56 pp.Published August 2004
This paper reviews strategicchoices for advancing ruralelectrification in India.Its aims are twofold:
1. to contribute to thecurrent lively debate on
power sector reform and 2. to complement the 2002World Bank discussion draft, Power for India: AStrategy for Sustained Reform in the State PowerSectors. It endorses the broader reform agendaproposed in this discussion draft and takes a closerlook at the subject of rural power. This is importantbecause the rural electricity sector poses a majorobstacle to broader power sector reform, and hindersIndia’s effectiveness in achieving its rural developmentand poverty-reduction goals.
Global Economic Prospects 2005: Trade,Regionalism, and Development
By World Bank
Price: $ 38.00English Paperback182 pp.Published November 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5747-6 SKU:15747
Today, as much as40 percent of global tradetakes place amongcountries that have some
form of reciprocal regional trade agreement. GlobalEconomic Prospects 2005: Trade, Regionalism, andDevelopment addresses two questions in this context:
● What are the characteristics of agreements thatmost promote – or hinder – development formember countries?
● Does the proliferation of agreements pose risks tothe multilateral trading system, and if so, how canthese risks be managed?
The report argues that agreements leading to openregionalism – that is, deeper integration of trade as aresult of low external tariffs, increased servicescompetition, and efforts to reduce cross-border andcustoms delays costs – are effective as part of a largertrade strategy to promote growth.
Although regional agreements can prove beneficial tomember countries, they can have adverse effects onexcluded countries. Lowering of border barriers aroundthe world is crucial to minimizing these effects.
The World Bank in India • January 20051218
Global Economic Prospects 2005 Overview:Trade, Regionalism, and Development
By World Bank
Price: Free!English Paperback60 pp.Published November 2004ISBN: 0-8213-6035-3 SKU: 16035
Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries
Edited by M. Ataman Aksoy, John C. Beghin
Price: $ 45.00English Paperback 448 pp.Published November 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5863-4 SKU: 15863
This title presents research findings based on a seriesof commodity studies of significant economicimportance to developing countries. First, the booksets the stage with background chapters andinvestigations of cross-cutting issues. Trade anddomestic policy regimes affecting agricultural and foodmarkets are described, and the resulting patterns ofproduction and trade assessed.
Given this context, the book presents detailedcommodity studies for coffee, cotton, dairy, fruits andvegetables, groundnuts, rice, seafood products, sugar,and wheat. These markets feature distorted policyregimes among industrial or middle-income countries.The studies analyze current policy regimes in keyproducing and consuming countries and documentsthe magnitude of these distortions and estimates thedistributional impacts.
The Microeconomics of Income DistributionDynamics in East Asia and Latin America
Edited by Nora Lustig,Francois Bourguignon,Francisco H. G. Ferreira
Price: $ 38.00English Paperback 436 pp.Published October 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5861-8 SKU:15861
Economists have had muchto say about what causesaggregate economicgrowth, but they have been
more reticent about the distributional dimension ofthat growth. The authors of this title propose adecomposition of differences in entire distributions ofhousehold incomes, shedding new light on thepowerful, and often conflicting, forces that underpinthe changes in poverty and inequality that accompanythe process of economic development. This approachis applied to three East Asian countries – Indonesia,Malaysia, and China – and to four in Latin Americanones – Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.
Lessons from NAFTA: For Latin America and theCaribbean
By Daniel Lederman,William F. Maloney, LuisServen
Price: $ 35.00English Paperback 432 pp.
Published November 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5813-8 SKU:15813
Analyzing the experienceof Mexico under the NorthAmerican Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA), this book aims at providingguidance to Latin American and Caribbean countriesconsidering free trade agreements with the UnitedStates. The authors conclude that the treaty raisedexternal trade and foreign investment inflows and had amodest effect on Mexico’s average income per person.It is likely that the treaty also helped achieve a modestreduction in poverty and an improvement in job quality.
Corporate Restructuring: International BestPractices
Edited by Michael Pomerleano, William Shaw
Price: $ 40.00English PaperbackPublished November 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5928-2 SKU: 15928
What are the roots of corporate distress?Can systemic corporate crises be predicted?What is the role of legal frameworks in preventingand coping with a crisis? What are the most effectivefinancial techniques for dealing with distressedcorporates? This volume, which comes in the wakeof the periodic financial crises of the late 1990s, takesa multidisciplinary perspective on corporaterestructuring, and examines international experiencesin dealing with corporate crises.
Deeper Integration and Trade in Services in theEuro-Mediterranean Region: Southern Dimensionsof the European Neighborhood Policy
By Daniel MŸller-Jentsch
Price: $ 15.00English Paperback 126 pp.Published November 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5955-X SKU:15955
The Arab countries of thesouthern Mediterraneanrim have long suffered fromeconomic stagnation and
an increasing marginalization in the global economy.Deeper economic integration with the enlargedEuropean Union – accounting for a quarter of globalGDP and foreign direct investment – could become a
The World Bank in India • January 2005 12
main driver for economic development in the southernMediterranean countries. The planned Euro-Mediterranean free trade area for goods is a first stepin that direction, while the European NeighborhoodPolicy, launched in 2003, could provide an appropriatepolicy framework for integration.
This title analyzes the adjustment needs and policyoptions associated with deeper integration betweenthe two sides of the Mediterranean Sea. It puts specificemphasis on the dynamics of deeper integration at thecompany level, including issues such as outwardprocessing trade, supply-chain integration, and theoutsourcing of back-office functions.
The title also contains a detailed assessment ofindividual sectors – especially the backbone services(e.g. transport, telecommunication, financial markets,electricity) and other markets of particular relevance fordeeper integration (e.g. tourism, IT-enabled services,distribution services).
Gender, Conflict, and Development
By Tsjeard Bouta, GeorgFrerks, Ian Bannon
Price: $ 20.00English Paperback 220 pp.Published November 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5968-1 SKU:15968
Gender, Conflict, andDevelopment identifies alink between gender andconflict issues and provide
the most comprehensive review of external and internalsources on gender and conflict, with a particular focuson policy relevance for an institution such as the Bank.
The book highlights the gender dimensions of conflict,organized around major relevant themes such asfemale combatants, sexual violence, formal andinformal peace processes, the legal framework, work,the rehabilitation of social services and community-driven development. And for each theme it analyzeshow conflict changes gender roles and the policyoptions that might be considered to build on positiveaspects while minimizing adverse changes.
The suggested policy options and approaches aim totake advantage of the opportunity afforded by violentconflict to encourage change and build more inclusiveand gender balanced social, economic and politicalrelations in post-conflict societies.
Household Risk Management and SocialProtection in Chile
By World Bank
Price: $ 15.00English Paperback 116 pp.Published November 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5953-3 SKU: 15953
19
This title is part of the World Bank Country Studyseries published with the approval of the subjectgovernment to communicate the results of the Bank’swork on the economic and related conditions ofmember countries to governments and to thedevelopment community. World Bank Country Studiesare available individually or by subscription, bothin print and online.
Household Risk Management and Social Protectionin Chile takes a critical look at the country’s socialprotection set up to determine if a system exists orsimply a set of loosely coordinated programs. Thestudy finds that Chile succeeds in providinghouseholds with the instruments that they need tomitigate shocks to income.
The institutions Chile has put in place to helphouseholds lower losses from these shocks – from thenew unemployment insurance system, the retirementsecurity system and the mixed health insurance system– are generally appropriately designed to match thenature of the risks they are intended to cover. Yet, whilestill in a minority, too many Chilean households – evenamong the non poor – do not have access to thesophisticated, state of the art social protectioninstitutions that are in place.
The study also provides the Government of Chilewith a set of guidelines, grounded in a conceptualframework, that if carefully applied, could increasethe effectiveness of social protection.
International Financial Reporting Standards:A Practical Guide (Newly Revised Edition)
By Hennie van Greuning
Price: $ 30.00English Paperback312 pp.Published October 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5910-XSKU: 15910
Applying InternationalFinancial ReportingStandards (IFRS) in abusiness situation can have
a significant effect on the financial results and positionof a division or an entire business enterprise.International Financial Reporting Standards: A PracticalGuide gives private and public sector executives,managers, or financial analysts without a strongbackground in accountingthe tools they need to participate in discussions anddecisions on the appropriateness or application ofIFRS. Many chapters of the book also containexamples that illustrate the practical application ofkey concepts in a particular standard.
Titled International Accounting Standards: A PracticalGuide in its previous two editions, the publicationincludes all of the standards issued by the InternationalAccounting Standards Board (IASB) through 31 May2004.
The World Bank in India • January 200512
Keeping the Promise of Social Security inLatin America
By Indermit S. Gill, TrumanG. Packard, Juan Yermo
Price: $ 35.00English Paperback 360 pp.Published October 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5817-0 SKU:15817
Empirical analysis of twodecades of pioneeringpension and social securityreform in Latin America andthe Caribbean shows that
much has been achieved, but that critical challengesremain. Keeping the Promise evaluates policy reformsin 12 countries, points to successes and shortcomings,and proposes priorities and options for future reform.
Books, Buildings, and Learning Outcomes: AnImpact Evaluation of World Bank Support toBasic Education in Ghana
By Howard Nial White
Price: $ 20.00English PaperbackPublished October 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5884-7 SKU: 15884
This book examines the impact of World Bank-supported educational reforms introduced in Ghanasince 1986 and related investment projects in supportof basic education. A nation-wide survey ofhouseholds, schools, and teachers found that both thequantity and quality of schooling has improved over thelast fifteen years, leading to better welfare as measuredby higher income, better nutrition, and reducedmortality.
Increased school quality can be linked to the Bank’ssupport which has financed the construction of 8,000classroom blocks and provided 35 million textbooksover the last 15 years. Moreover, Bank support helpedsustain initially unpopular reforms, demonstrating theefficacy of working in partnership with a governmentcommitted to a well-defined sectoral strategy.
Reshaping the Future: Education and Post-ConflictReconstruction
By Peter Buckland
Price: $ 12.00English 120 pp.Published October 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5959-2 SKU:15959
The aim of Reshaping theFuture is to drawinternational attention tothe key role that educationcan play in both preventing
conflict and in reconstructing post-conflict societies.The author also hopes to alert developing countriesand donors alike to the devastating consequencesof conflict on a country’s education systems andoutcomes, as well to emphasize the importance ofmaximizing the opportunities to reform educationsystems presented by a reconstruction setting,adopting a long-term development perspective,and emphasizing equity and quality in the deliveryof education services.
The book highlights significant findings on educationand post-conflict reconstruction drawn from thoroughresearch and literature review, a survey and databaseof key indicators for 52 conflict-affected countries,and a review of 12 country studies.
Competition in International Voice Communications
By Carlo Maria Rossotto, Björn Wellenius, Anat Lewin,Carlos R. Gomez
Price: $ 15.00English Paperback 52 pp.ISBN: 0-8213-5951-7 SKU: 15951
This title presents the case that opening internationalvoice communication to competition – key to reformingthe telecommunications sector – is sustainable indeveloping countries, and results in major gains toconsumers, businesses, and to the economy.
Currently, over 80 percent of global voice trafficoriginates in fully competitive markets. Resistance tocompetition remains strong in several developingcountries, even though countries such as Chile andEl Salvador have demonstrated spectacular success inintroducing and sustaining competition. Competition inInternational Voice Communications makes a case foropening developing country markets quickly ratherthan gradually; it also identifies regulatory matters thatneed to be tackled in opening the markets tocompetition: better licensing, interconnection anduniversal service regime.
Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Rwanda
By PPIAF, World Bank
Price: $ 15.00English Paperback 120 pp.Published October 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5965-7 SKU:15965
One of the major themesthat lies at the heart ofthe Rwandan government’seconomic vision is therefurbishment and
development of Rwanda’s core economicinfrastructure. This book looks at the progressRwanda has made and provides a review of thecountry’s infrastructure in the transport, energy,telecommunications, and water and sanitation sectorsand presents suggestions on improving the
20
The World Bank in India • January 2005 12
Financial Sector Policy and the Poor: SelectedFindings and Issues
By Patrick Honohan
Price: $ 15.00English 86 pp.Published October 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5967-3 SKU: 15967
Part of the World Bank Working Paper series publishedto communicate the results of the Bank’s ongoingresearch and to stimulate public discussion, this paperpresents new empirical evidence on how financialsector policy can help the poor. World Bank WorkingPapers are available individually or by subscription,both in print and online.
The roles played by microfinance and mainstreamfinance in tackling poverty should be regarded ascomplementary and overlapping rather than ascompeting alternatives. This paper calls for policydesign that recognizes that the need for larger andstronger microfinance institutions poses no threat tothe health of mainstream finance. Such a policy wouldnot impose low interest rate ceilings; nevertheless, thegoal of protecting the vulnerable from credit marketabuses and prejudice should not be neglected in aneffective package of policies favorable to the growthof both micro and mainstream finance.
Latest on the Web
New material on Economic Policy and Gender
A range of materials on Economic Policy and Genderis now available online. The material includes researchpapers, summaries of key findings, operationalexperience and tools on: Trade and competitiveness,public expenditure, public sector downsizing, labormarkets, pension reform, safety nets and transfers,and child labor. It can be accessed onhttp://www.worldbank.org/gender
Governance Demythologized
The World Bank Institute (WBI) launched ane-discussion series in order to generate debateabout some popular notions in the field of governance.Some samples:
Myth: All poor countries are corrupt while the richare not.
Myth: Poor countries are necessarily corrupt, while therich world is a model of integrity
Myth: For a transaction to be corrupt, it necessarilyought to be illegal.
Myth: The measurement of corruption ought to focuson the extent of bribery, in the public sector.
Myth: Multinationals headquartered in rich OECDcountries do not bribe abroad.
Follow the discussion http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pubs/gcr2004.html
21
environment for private sector involvement ininfrastructure. Although the span of the content isbroad, the book focuses in particular on the potentialthat exists to involve the private sector in infrastructureand the policies and actions that are necessary tomake this happen.
Zambia: Public Expenditure Management andFinancial Accountability Review
By World BankPrice: $ 25.00English Paperback 202 pp.
Published October 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5924-XSKU: 15924
According to this countrystudy, poverty is on the risein Zambia, its economy isnot growing fast enough,the quality of economic
governance is on the decline, and its public resourcesare not well spent. Addressing the long-standingchallenges that Zambia faces in public expendituremanagement will require strong political will. In orderto assure that public accountability is enduring and notdependent on the government which happens to bein power, it must strengthen budget processes andinstitutions that can provide public oversight andpromote basic checks and balances.
The study also provides an analysis of how Zambiacan strengthen budgetary processes and institutionsfor accountability and effective service delivery to itscitizens.
Spending Wisely: Buying Health Services forthe Poor
Edited by Alexander S. Preker, John C. Langenbrunner
Price: $ 35.00English 450 pp.Published September 2004ISBN: 0-8213-5918-5 SKU: 15918
With a special focus on strategic purchasing andcontracting of services from non-governmentalproviders, this title reviews ways to make publicspending on health care more efficient and equitablein developing countries. It recommends that:
● Experiments and pilot projects for improving publicsector hospitals should focus on mission clarity andorganizational simplification;
● Programs for improving the composition ofutilization should experiment with payments toconsumers and with health labor force compositionand training; and
● Initiatives to attract providers to rural areas shoulduse explicit deferred compensation contracts toimprove monitoring
The World Bank in India • January 200512
India Project Documents Karnataka: Rural Service Delivery and LocalGovernment Support Project
Date : 21 October 2004Project ID : P078832Report No. : AC954 (Integrated Safeguards Data
Sheet) AB1075 (Project Information Document) E1051 (Environmental Assessment)
Lucknow-Muzaffarpur NationalHighway Project
Date : 15 October 2004Project ID : P077856Report No. : 30290 (Integrated Safeguards Data
Sheet)
Second State Health SystemsDevelopment Project
Date : 21 September 2004Project ID : P035825Report No. : 30066 (Implementation Completion
Report)
Maharashtra Water Sector ImprovementProject
Date : 17 December 2004Project ID : P084790Report No. : 30750 (Board Report)
E1049 (Environmental Assessment) (3 vols.) AB1134 (Project Information Document) AC986 (Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet)
Small and Medium Enterprise Financingand Development Project
Date : 9 December 2004Project ID : P086518Report No. : 30400 (Project Appraisal Document)
AC693 (Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet)
Andhra Pradesh State Highway Projects
Date : 29 November 2004Project ID : P009995Report No. : 29883 (Implementation Completion
Report)
Karnataka Health Systems Project
Date : 26 November 2004Project ID : P071160Report No. : 30529 (Project Information Document)
Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project
Date : 3 November 2004Project ID : P089985Report No. : AC1027 (Integrated Safeguards Data
Sheet) AB1100 (Project Information Document)
Andhra Pradesh Urban Reforms andMunicipal Services Projects
Date : 1 November 2004Project ID : P071250Report No. : E1038(Environmental Assessment)
(2 vols.)
Assam Agriculture Competitiveness Project
Date : 1 November 2004Project ID : P084792Report No. : 30868 (Social Assessment)
E984 (Environmental Assessment)
Second Chennai Water Supply Project
Date : 27 October 2004Project ID : P010461Report No. : 29333 (Implementation Completion
Report)
WB Policy Research Working Papers
3461Looking beyond Averages in the Trade andPoverty DebateBy Martin Ravallion
3460Schooling and Labor Market Impacts of a NaturalPolicy ExperimentBy Chris N. Sakellariou and Harry Anthony Patrinos
3459Economic Volatility and Returns to Education inVenezuela: 1992–2002By Chris N. Sakellariou and Harry Anthony Patrinos
3458Regionalism in Standards: Good or Bad for Trade?By Maggie Xiaoyang Chen and Aaditya Mattoo
3457Creating a 21st Century National Innovation Systemfor a 21st Century Latvian EconomyBy Natalia Agapitova and Alfred Watkins
3456Macroeconomic Stability in Developing Countries:How Much Is Enough?By Luis Servén and Peter J. Montiel
3455Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality,and the Opening of China’s EconomyBy Fan Zhai and Thomas W. Hertel
3454Will the Kyoto Protocol Affect Growth in Russia?By Franck Lecocq and Zmarak Shalizi
22
The World Bank in India • January 2005 12
3453Education Decentralization and AccountabilityRelationships in Latin AmericaBy Emmanuela Di Gropello
3452Import Demand Elasticities and Trade DistortionsBy Alessandro Nicita, Hiau Looi Kee and MarceloOlarreaga
3451Romania’s Integration into European Markets:Implications for Sustainability of the Current ExportBoomBy Bartlomiej Kaminski and Francis Ng
3450Discovery and Development: An EmpiricalExploration of ‘New’ ProductsBy Bailey Klinger and Daniel Lederman
3449Does It Matter Where You Come From? VerticalSpillovers from Foreign Direct Investment and theNationality of InvestorsBy Kamal Saggi, Beata Smarzynska Javorcik andMariana Spatareanu
3448What Are the Right Institutions in a GlobalizingWorld? And ... Can We Keep Them if We’ve FoundThem?By Roumeen Islam
3447India’s Public Health System: How Well Does ItFunction at the National Level?By Monica Das Gupta and Manju Rani
3446The Long-Term Legacy of the Khmer Rouge Period inCambodiaBy Damien de Walque
3445Has Private Participation in Water and SewerageImproved Coverage? Empirical Evidence from LatinAmericaBy George Clarke, Katrina Kosec and Scott Wallsten
3444Predicting the Poverty Impacts of Trade ReformBy Jeffrey J. Reimer and Thomas W. Hertel
3443Improving Credit Information, Bank Regulation, andSupervision: On the Role and Design of Public CreditRegistriesBy Giovanni Majnoni, Margaret Miller, Nataliya Mylenkoand Andrew Powell
3442Emerging Infrastructure Policy Issues in DevelopingCountries: A Survey of the Recent EconomicLiteratureBy Antonio Estache
3441Policies Facilitating Firm Adjustment to GlobalizationBy Bernard Hoekman and Beata Smarzynska Javorcik
3440Market Discipline under Systemic Risk: Evidencefrom Bank Runs in Emerging EconomiesBy Eduardo Levy Yeyati, Maria Soledad Martinez Periaand Sergio Schmukler
3439Elections, Special Interests, and the Fiscal Costs ofFinancial CrisisBy Philip Keefer
3438Addressing Gender-Based Violence in the LatinAmerican and Caribbean Region: A Critical Review ofInterventionsBy Sarah Bott, Mary Ellsberg and Andrew Morrison
3437Bank Capital and Loan Loss Reserves under Basel II:Implications for Emerging CountriesBy Andrew Powell, Giovanni Majnoni and MargaretMiller
3436Approaches to Results-Based Funding in TertiaryEducation: Identifying Finance Reform Options forChileBy Lauritz Holm-Nielsen, Jette Samuel Jeppesenand Kristian Thorn
3435Population Age Structure and the Budget DeficitBy Derek H. C. Chen
3434North-South Technology Diffusion, RegionalIntegration, and the Dynamics of the ‘Natural TradingPartners’ HypothesisBy Yanling Wang and Maurice Schiff
3433Measuring the Risk on Housing Investment in theInformal Sector: Theory and Evidence from Pune,IndiaBy David le Blanc and Mudit Kapoor
3432Growth, Inequality, and Simulated Poverty Paths forTanzania, 1992–2002By Gabriel Demombynes and Johannes Hoogeveen
3431Financial Development, Financial Fragility, andGrowthBy Norman Loayza and Romain Ranciere
3430The Forest-Hydrology-Poverty Nexus in CentralAmerica: An Heuristic AnalysisBy Kenneth M. Chomitz and Andrew Nelson
3429Creating Markets for Habitat Conservation whenHabitats are HeterogeneousBy Timothy S. Thomas, Antonio Salazar Brandaoand Kenneth M. Chomitz
23
The World Bank in India • January 200512
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