TEKPRO - pratiwi.lecture.ub.ac.idpratiwi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/10/TEKPROI-1.pdf · •...

TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI DAN

INSEMINASI BUATAN (1)KH SEMESTER V

DISIAPKAN OLEH

Prof.Dr.drh.Pratiwi, Ts, MS.

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 1

10/20/2012

T I U : SETELAH MENYELESAIKAN MATA KULIAH INI

MAHASISWA DAPAT MENGERTI DAN TERMOTIVASI

MEMPELAJARI TENTANG TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI

DAN INSEMINASI BUATAN (IB)

Setelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa dapat

mengerti dan termotivasi mempelajari tentang teknologi

reproduksi secara umum, dan manfaat dan kegunaannya

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 2

10/20/2012

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS

3 • Mhs dapat mengetahui informasi proses belajarmengajar, pengertian dan manfaat teknologireproduksi.

• Mahasiswa memahami peralatan dan carapenampungan semen serta prosedur evaluasi semen

• Penampungan Semen dan Evaluasi Semen

• Pengenalan jenis alat, bagian-bagian dan fungsialat

• Metode penampungan semen

• teknik penanganan ejakulat

10/20/2012

Deskripsi

4• Dalam mata kuliah ini dibicarakan mengenai Teknik

penampungan dan evaluasi semen, pembuatan

semen cair, pembuatan semen beku, inseminasi

buatan, sinkronisasi estrus, super ovulasi, fertilisasi in

vitro dan embrio transfer.

10/20/2012

Tujuan Intruksional UmumSetelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa

diharapkan menguasai

• teknik penampungan

• evaluasi semen,

• pembuatan semen cair,

• pembuatan semen beku,

• inseminasi buatan,

• sinkronisasi estrus,

• super ovulasi,

• fertilisasi in vitro

• embrio transfer.

10/20/2012

TIK : Inseminasi Buatan

• Mahasiswa dapat mengerti dan mempraktekkanteknik IB, peralatan, dan sistem pencatatan danpenilaian hasil

• Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat serta kerugian IB

• Peralatan dan fungsi bagian alat IB, teknik merakitalat IB

• Deteksi estrus, waktu optimum untuk IB, tempatdeposisi semen

• Prosedur IB; dosis IB, teknik IB pada sapi, kerbau, kambing/domba

• Sistem pencatatan dan penilaian hasil IB

10/20/2012

TUJUAN AI

PEJANTAN UNGGUL

KETURUNAN UNGGUL

MENGURANGI KEMUNGKINAN TRANSMISI

PENYAKIT

PENYELESAIAN BREEDING PROBLEM

10/20/2012

Ciri birahi

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS8 10/20/2012

Breeding Systems

Grading-Up

Mating purebred male (sires) to unregistered or

corssbred females (dams)

Yorkshire bore X Yorkshire/Hampshire sow

Hybrid Vigor

Superior traits from crossbreeding

Offspring are better than parents

10/20/2012

Breeding Systems

Inbreeding

Mating closely related animals

Brother X Sister

Son X Mother

Father X Daughter

• Linebreeding

– Breeding more distant relatives than inbreeding

– Cousin X Cousin

10/20/2012

Breeding Systems

Pure Breeding

Registered male and female animals

Angus X Angus

10/20/2012

Breeding Systems

Cross Breeding

Mating a male and female of different breeds

Angus X Charolais = Crossbreed

10/20/2012

Components of Male Reproductive Capacity

Libido

Physical ability to mate

Total available sperm production

Quality of sperm produced

Total available sperm production:

Factors affecting

Size of testes - sperm production

Scrotal circumference

Size of cauda epididymis - storage of reserve

Cryptorchidism

Testicular hypoplasia

Effect of ejaculation of sperm production

16 TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

Process of Artificial Insemination

Semen Collection

Two methods

Artificial vaginas

electroejaculation

Semen Processing, Storage and Handling

Insemination

10/20/2012

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS18

Spermatogenesis

10/20/2012

Trout Spermatozoa

http://www.rennes.inra.fr/scribe/images/spermato.jpg10/20/2012

Semen Collection

Male is trained to mount a teaser animal or

Penis is directed into an artificial vagina that is

temperature controlled to be the same

temperature as the female.

Ejaculation occurs

10/20/2012

Frequency of collection

Twice a day – 2 days/week- frozen semen

Three times a week otherwise

Many times a day for several weeks

Boars and Stallions

Every other day

If everyday is required for short period, let rest for 2-3 days

between intensive collection.

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

BENTUK ABNORMAL SPZ

10/20/2012

Semen Analysis

NORMAL ALAMI Alkalinity=7.2 to 7.6

Normal discharge=2-5 ml per

ejaculation

Sperm count is roughly 50-130

million per ml of ejaculate.

Morphology= <35% are

abnormal

Motility= 60% exhibit forward

motility

Survival=can live 48 hours after

ejaculation

Sterility=less than 20 million

sperm/ml

SYARAT MINIMAL SPZ

10/20/2012

Macho Sperm Theory

Damaged sperm may still

fertilize an egg.

Some toxins may alter the

sperm’s chromosomes which

carry genetic information

Results infertility and

miscarriage to birth

defects, learning

disabilities and childhood

cancer and kidney cancer

Processing

Dillution

Can be diluted so that more animals can be bred with one ejaculate

Freezing

Use liquid nitrogen at -320 F

Storage

Put into ampules or plastic straws.

Liquid nitrogen tanks

Horse and swine semen is generally not frozen

10/20/2012

Insemination

34 Estrus detection in female

Timing is important – sperm need to be injected into oviduct at ovulation

Semen is thawed and placed in inseminating device.

Technician inserts speculum into female reproductive tract into cervix

Inseminating tube is inserted and sperm is deposited.

Technician is well trained to avoid damaging the reproductive tract of females.

Cleanliness and sterilization are very important to reduce disease transmission.

10/20/2012

Procedures

Cattle

Rectovaginal technique -Straw inseminating gun or pipet

Speculum – straw inseminating gun or pipet

Laparoscopic insemination (most common)

Semen is deposited directly into the uterine horns by way of surgical procedure.

Cork screw pipet

pipet is hooked to bottle containing semen

Vaginal method

Straw inseminating gun or pipet

10/20/2012

36 Procedures for cattle

Collect semen

Freeze semen

Identify cow in heat

Thaw semen

Rectal palpation

Pass inseminating gun

Deposit semen Insemination Tubes

10/20/2012

Bovine Estrous Cycle•19-23 days in mature cows

•19-22 days in heifers

Cycle is divided into four periods:Pro Est Metestrus Diestrus

10/20/2012

Ova viability

24 - 32 h

Onset of Estrus Ovulation

Sperm Viability

12 to 30 h

8 to 12 hsperm transport

Insemination Timeline

39 Procedures for cattle

Collect semen

Freeze semen

Identify cow in heat

Thaw semen

Rectal palpation

Pass inseminating gun

Deposit semen Insemination Tubes

10/20/2012

Procedures for swine

Lubricate spirette tip

Pass through to cervix (semen not attached)

Rotate clockwise through cervix

Attach semen bottle

Deposit semen

10/20/2012

Procedures for Horses

Collect semen and extend

Identify mare in heat

Prepare semen (syringe and insemination tube)

Vaginal palpation

Pass insemination tube

Deposit semen in uterus

Syringe and

Insemination Tube

10/20/2012

Future

Growing industry

Semen sexing

• Semen sexing

– Two million

10/20/2012

SPERM BULL BOAR RAM STALLION

x 106 /gram of

testis/day16 27 25 20

Testis wt.

(grams)350 360 275 200

Total sperm

production. (x

109 sperm)

11 19 14 8

Length of

Spermatogene

sis (Days)

61 34 49 49

Sperm Producing Capacity

CATTLE

DAIRY BEEF SHEEP SWINE HORSES

Volume (ml)6 4 1-2

225* -

400 60* - 100

concentration

(billion/ml) 1.2 1.0 3.0 0.2 0.15

Total sperm

(billion) 7 4 3 45 9

Motile

Sperm % 70 65 75 60 70

Morphologicall

y normal

sperm % 80 80 90 60 70

pH 6.5-7.0 6.5-7.0 5.9-7.3 6.8-7.3 6.2-7.8

Semen and ejaculation

characteristics of farm species

Components of Male Reproductive

Capacity

Libido

Physical ability to mate

Total available sperm production

Quality of sperm produced

Praktikum tek rep & AI

Jenis-jenis bahan pengencer, sifat kimia dan fisik

bahan pengencer, proporsi/komposisi bahan

pengencer.

Proses pengenceran, formulasi pengencer

daya tahan pengencer

metode penyimpanan dan kemasan

10/20/2012

Semen Processing

Dillution

Can be diluted so that more animals can be bred with one ejaculate

Freezing

Use liquid nitrogen at -320 F

Storage

Put into ampules or plastic straws.

Liquid nitrogen tanks

Horse and swine semen is generally not frozen

10/20/2012

Praktikum semen cair

Evaluasi semen segar; makroskopis danmikroskopis

Mahasiswa memahami dan dapat menjelaskanbahan pengencer dan prose pengenceransemen, metode penyimpanan dan kemasan

Pembuatan Semen Cair

Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat semen cair

10/20/2012

Pembuatan Semen Beku

(Frozen Semen)

Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat pembekuansemen

Formulasi Bahan Pengencer dan AgenKrioprotektif

Problem utama pembekuan semen

Macam-macam teknik dan peralatanpembekuan semen

Kemasan semen beku

10/20/2012

Semen beku

• Prosedur pembekuan semen

• Metode gliserolisasi, proses penurunan suhu ke 5

• ekuilibrasi, suhu kritis, periode pembekuan danpenyimpanan semen beku

• Metode pencairan ulang (thawing), macam-macamcara thawing, suhu thawing, penanganan post thawing

• Evaluasi semen post thawing

10/20/2012

Reproductive Functions (Female)

Estrous period length by species:

Cow 12 - 18 hours

Ewe 24 - 36 hours

Sow 48 - 72 hours

Mare 90 - 170 hours

Hens & Women none

10/20/2012

Reproductive Functions (Female)

Gestation and Lactation Periods:

Species Gestation Period Lactation(Milking)

Cow 275 - 285 days beef 180 - 270 days

dairy 305 - 365 days

Ewe 115 - 142 days 60 - 90 - 120 days

Sow 112 - 115 days 21 - 42 days

Mare 330 - 345 days 90 - 150 days

Woman 270 days ? years

10/20/2012

Reproductive Functions of the Female

Estrous cycle - time from one heat period (or menstrual cycle) to the next.

Length of estrous cycle by species:

Cow 19 - 21 days

Ewe 16 - 17 days

Sow 19 - 21 days

Mare 21 - 24 days

Woman 28 days

Hen none

10/20/2012

Estrous Length of the cycle

Estrus When animal is in heat

Sexual receptivity

Species Length of

Estrous

Duration of

Estrus

Estrus to

Ovulation

Cattle 21d 15 h 24-32 h

Pig 21 d 50 h 36-44 h

Sheep 17 d 30 h 24-30 h

Horse 21 d 7 d 5 d

Estrous detection

Observation

Computerized estrous detection

Chin-ball marker

Heat mount detectors

Paint/chalkPaint/chalk

Chin-Ball marker

Electronic Heat Detection 10/20/2012

Illustrates how the Electronic Heat Detection System works

10/20/2012

Cow not in heat

10/20/2012

Hafez (1992), Austin & Short (1982) Toelihere

(1985), Hunter (1981), Sulisbury & Van Demark

(1985).Macfarlane at.al. (1992

10/20/2012

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