RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)

PENGERTIAN:

Rheumathoid Arthritis (RA)

adalah penyakit inflamasi sistemik kronik yang menyebabkan tulang sendi destruksi dan deformitas, serta mengakibatkan ketidakmampuan (Meiner&Luekenotte, 2006).

Rheumathoid Arthritis (RA)

adalah suatu penyakit autoimun dan inflamasi sistemik kronik terutama mengenai jaringan sinovium sendi dengan manifestasi utama poliarthritis progresif dan melibatkan seluruh organ tubuh (Manjoer, 1999).

Figure 5.  Synovitis of the metacarpophalangeal joint.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 8.  Tendovaginitis of the extensor digitorum longus of the hand.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Radiographics 2005 3-4 25(2) 381-98, (4).pptRadiographics 2005 3-4 25(2) 381-98, (2).ppt

Figure 11.  Small joint effusion in a 20-year-old woman in whom RA was later diagnosed.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 25.  RA of the metatarsophalangeal joints.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 12.  Paraarticular osteoporosis in a patient with RA. Radiograph shows increased bone lucency at the radiocarpal, carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal

joints and in the carpus.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 14.  Narrowing of joint spaces in long-standing RA. Radiograph (detail view) shows narrowing of the joint spaces of the second and fourth metacarpophalangeal joints (*).

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 22.  Advanced RA. Radiograph of the hand shows severe destruction and mutilation of the radiocarpal, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, and metacarpophalangeal joints.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 13.  Acute painful arthritis of the third metacarpophalangeal joint.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 15.  RA of the wrist.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 20.  CT image shows shallow erosions with sclerotic and well-demarcated margins at the second and fifth metacarpophalangeal joints (arrowheads).

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 17.  RA of the wrist.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 28.  Longstanding arthritis of the shoulder joint.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 26.  Advanced RA. Radiograph (detail view) shows mutilation and deformity of the left elbow.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

Figure 27.  RA of the atlantodental joint.

Sommer O J et al. Radiographics 2005;25:381-398

©2005 by Radiological Society of North America

OSTEOMYELITIS

PENGERTIAN:

Osteomyelitis (sometimes abbreviated to OM, and derived from Greek words osteon, meaning bone, myelo- meaning marrow, and -itis meaning inflammation)

is infection and inflamation of the bone or bone marrow. It can be usefully subclassified on the basis of the causative organism (pyogenic bacteria or mycobacteria), the route, duration and anatomic location of the infection.