Post on 14-Jan-2016
INDEKS DIVERSITAS
Pengukuran: - Filosofi index - Operasional index
oleh:
Dr.rer.nat. MOH. HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA
INDEKS DIVERSITAS
SUMBERDAYA ALAMBAIK
GANGGUAN
KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA ALAM
SUMBERDAYA ALAMBAIK
SUMBERDAYA ALAM RUSAK
DIVERSITY & ABUNDANCE
INDEKS DIVERSITAS
KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA ALAM
SUMBERDAYA ALAMBAIK
SUMBERDAYA ALAM RUSAK
INDEKS DIVERSITAS
DIVERSITY
Richness
Evenness
The number of species per unit area
Abundance
Dominance
Spatial distribution
INDEKS DIVERSITAS
CHOOSING DIVERSITY MEASURES
Object Discriminant Sensivity Richness or Calculation Widely ability to sample evenness used size dominance __________________________________________________________________ S (species richness) Good High Richness Simple Yes (log normal) Good Moderate Richness Complex No (log series) Good Low Richness Simple Yes Q statistic Good Low Richness Complex No Shannon index Moderate Moderate Richness Intermediate Yes Brillouin index Moderate Moderate Richness Complex No Margalef index Good High Richness Simple No McIntosch U index Good Moderate Richness Intermediate No Simpson index Moderate Low Dominance Intermediate Yes Berger-Parker index Poor Low Dominance Simple No McIntosch D index Poor Moderate Dominance Simple No Shannon evenness i. Poor Moderate Evenness Simple No Brillouin evenness i. Poor Moderate Evenness Complex No
CHOOSING DIVERSITY MEASURES
_________________________________ Object Symbol _________________________________ Species richness S Log normal Log series Q statistic Q Shannon index H´ Brillouin index HB Margalef index DMg
McIntosch U index McU Simpson index 1/D Berger-Parker index N?
McIntosch D index McD Shannon evenness index H´É Brillouin evenness index HBE ______________________________
CHOOSING DIVERSITY MEASURES
_____________________________________________________________ S N Q H´ HB DMg McU 1/D N? McD H´É HBE ________________________________________________________________ S ** ** ** ** * ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns N ** ** ** * ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns ** ** ** ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns ** * ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns Q * ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns H´ ** * * ns ns ns ns ns HB ** ** ns ns ns ns ns DMg ** ns ns ns ns ns McU ns ns ns ns ns 1/D ** ** ** ** N? ** ** **
McD ** ** H´É ** HBE _____________________________________________________________
KERAGAMAN JENIS
Pengukuran: - Filosofi index - Operasional index
oleh:
Dr.rer.nat. MOH. HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA
GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA1.Ensure where possible that sample size are equal and large
enough to be be representative 2.Draw a rank abundance graph. This should be provide a
first indication as to whether the data follow the geometric series, log series, log normal or broken stick distribution
3.In studies in which diversity forms the most important theme it will often be valuable to test the fit of main species abundance models formally. This step is likely to be of most interest if the communities under investigation form a successional sequence or are subject to environmental stress.
4.When replicate samples have been taken use analysis of variance to test for significant differences between communities
GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA1.Ensure where possible that sample size are equal and large
enough to be representative
TRANSECT PLOT SIZE(1) 10 x 10 cm (2) 20 x 20 cm (3) 30 x 30 cm (4) 40 x 40 cm1-st 2-nd 3-th x 1-st 2-nd 3-th x 1-st 2-nd 3-nd x 1-st 2-nd 3-th x
I 2 4 3 3,0 6 6 11 7,7 15 15 13 14,3 14 14 15 14,31 4 2 2,3 7 9 6 8,0 14 15 15 14,7 15 15 13 14,34 3 4 3,7 8 7 5 6,7 14 15 14 14,3 16 14 15 15,0
II 4 4 2 3,3 6 5 7 6,0 12 15 12 13,0 11 14 15 13,33 2 1 2,0 8 5 8 7,0 11 13 16 13,3 13 15 14 14,05 3 2 3,3 6 6 7 6,3 13 14 13 13,3 15 12 13 13,3
GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA1.Ensure where possible that sample size are equal and large
enough to be representative
024
68
1012
1416
1 2 3 4
Series1
GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA2.Draw a rank abundance graph. This should be provide a
first indication as to whether the data follow the geometric series, log series, log normal or broken stick distribution
1
10
100
1000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Species rank
Num
ber
of in
divi
dual
s (l
og)
Undisturbed area
Crab hunting area
Logging area
Prawn pond area
KERAGAMAN SPECIESGUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA
= S*/
S/N = [(1-x)/x] [-ln(1-x)]; αx, …, αxn/n
S (n) = [S(S-1)/N] (1-n/N)s-2
ni = NCkk(1-k)i-1
GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA3.In studies in which diversity forms the most important
theme it will often be valuable to test the fit of main species abundance models formally. This step is likely to be of most interest if the communities under investigation form a successional sequence or are subject to environmental stress.
see the next slide
GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA
GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA
Subject Information Undisturbed Crab hunting Logging Prawn pond
areas areas areas areas
Abundance Individuals (N ) 5,078 4,438 4,920 1,917Log normal (λ ) 7.24 8.92 8.73 6.57Log series (α ) 15.56 9.94 12.85 9.79Broken stick (S(n) ) 24.44 62.93 83.29 12.54
Fit of models:Log normal Yes Yes Yes YesLog series Yes Yes Yes YesBroken stick No No No Yes
GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA4.When replicate samples have been taken use analysis of
variance to test for significant differences between communities
ANOVA
a. ns = not significant b. * = significant (P < 0.05) c. ** = very significant (P < 0.01)
INTERPREETING DIVERSITY MEASURES
The large number of diversity statistics available means that it may be difficult to select the most appropriate method of measuring diversity. For reasons of standardization it would be prudent if ecologists would be concentrate on one or a few indices. In many cases it is valuable to go beyond a single diversity statistic and examine the shape of the species abundance distribution (Magurran, 1988).
see the next slide
INTERPREETING DIVERSITY MEASURES
Subject Information Undisturbed Crab hunting Logging Prawn pond
areas areas areas areasDiversity Number of species (S ) 9 13 10 10
Number of individuals (I ) 5.078 4.438 4.920 1.917Expected toal species number (ACE ) 9.00 ± 0.00 13.00 ± 0.00 11.13 ± 0.10 10.00 ± 0.00Expected total species number (Chao1 ) 9.00 ± 0.00 13.00 ± 0.00 10.50 ± 0.16 10.00 ± 0.00Fisher's (Alpha) 1.06 ± 0.11 1.65 ± 0.15 1.20 ± 0.12 1.36 ± 0.16Simpson (1/D ) 2.12 ± 0.06 3.78 ± 0.13 2.00 ± 0.01 4.88 ± 0.16