INDEKS DIVERSITAS

Pengukuran: - Filosofi index - Operasional index

oleh:

Dr.rer.nat. MOH. HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA

INDEKS DIVERSITAS

SUMBERDAYA ALAMBAIK

GANGGUAN

KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA ALAM

SUMBERDAYA ALAMBAIK

SUMBERDAYA ALAM RUSAK

DIVERSITY & ABUNDANCE

INDEKS DIVERSITAS

KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA ALAM

SUMBERDAYA ALAMBAIK

SUMBERDAYA ALAM RUSAK

INDEKS DIVERSITAS

DIVERSITY

Richness

Evenness

The number of species per unit area

Abundance

Dominance

Spatial distribution

INDEKS DIVERSITAS

CHOOSING DIVERSITY MEASURES

Object Discriminant Sensivity Richness or Calculation Widely ability to sample evenness used size dominance __________________________________________________________________ S (species richness) Good High Richness Simple Yes (log normal) Good Moderate Richness Complex No (log series) Good Low Richness Simple Yes Q statistic Good Low Richness Complex No Shannon index Moderate Moderate Richness Intermediate Yes Brillouin index Moderate Moderate Richness Complex No Margalef index Good High Richness Simple No McIntosch U index Good Moderate Richness Intermediate No Simpson index Moderate Low Dominance Intermediate Yes Berger-Parker index Poor Low Dominance Simple No McIntosch D index Poor Moderate Dominance Simple No Shannon evenness i. Poor Moderate Evenness Simple No Brillouin evenness i. Poor Moderate Evenness Complex No

CHOOSING DIVERSITY MEASURES

_________________________________ Object Symbol _________________________________ Species richness S Log normal Log series Q statistic Q Shannon index H´ Brillouin index HB Margalef index DMg

McIntosch U index McU Simpson index 1/D Berger-Parker index N?

McIntosch D index McD Shannon evenness index H´É Brillouin evenness index HBE ______________________________

CHOOSING DIVERSITY MEASURES

_____________________________________________________________ S N Q H´ HB DMg McU 1/D N? McD H´É HBE ________________________________________________________________ S ** ** ** ** * ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns N ** ** ** * ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns ** ** ** ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns ** * ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns Q * ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns H´ ** * * ns ns ns ns ns HB ** ** ns ns ns ns ns DMg ** ns ns ns ns ns McU ns ns ns ns ns 1/D ** ** ** ** N? ** ** **

McD ** ** H´É ** HBE _____________________________________________________________

KERAGAMAN JENIS

Pengukuran: - Filosofi index - Operasional index

oleh:

Dr.rer.nat. MOH. HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA

GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA1.Ensure where possible that sample size are equal and large

enough to be be representative 2.Draw a rank abundance graph. This should be provide a

first indication as to whether the data follow the geometric series, log series, log normal or broken stick distribution

3.In studies in which diversity forms the most important theme it will often be valuable to test the fit of main species abundance models formally. This step is likely to be of most interest if the communities under investigation form a successional sequence or are subject to environmental stress.

4.When replicate samples have been taken use analysis of variance to test for significant differences between communities

GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA1.Ensure where possible that sample size are equal and large

enough to be representative

TRANSECT PLOT SIZE(1) 10 x 10 cm (2) 20 x 20 cm (3) 30 x 30 cm (4) 40 x 40 cm1-st 2-nd 3-th x 1-st 2-nd 3-th x 1-st 2-nd 3-nd x 1-st 2-nd 3-th x

I 2 4 3 3,0 6 6 11 7,7 15 15 13 14,3 14 14 15 14,31 4 2 2,3 7 9 6 8,0 14 15 15 14,7 15 15 13 14,34 3 4 3,7 8 7 5 6,7 14 15 14 14,3 16 14 15 15,0

II 4 4 2 3,3 6 5 7 6,0 12 15 12 13,0 11 14 15 13,33 2 1 2,0 8 5 8 7,0 11 13 16 13,3 13 15 14 14,05 3 2 3,3 6 6 7 6,3 13 14 13 13,3 15 12 13 13,3

GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA1.Ensure where possible that sample size are equal and large

enough to be representative

024

68

1012

1416

1 2 3 4

Series1

GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA2.Draw a rank abundance graph. This should be provide a

first indication as to whether the data follow the geometric series, log series, log normal or broken stick distribution

1

10

100

1000

10000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Species rank

Num

ber

of in

divi

dual

s (l

og)

Undisturbed area

Crab hunting area

Logging area

Prawn pond area

KERAGAMAN SPECIESGUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA

= S*/

S/N = [(1-x)/x] [-ln(1-x)]; αx, …, αxn/n

S (n) = [S(S-1)/N] (1-n/N)s-2

ni = NCkk(1-k)i-1

GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA3.In studies in which diversity forms the most important

theme it will often be valuable to test the fit of main species abundance models formally. This step is likely to be of most interest if the communities under investigation form a successional sequence or are subject to environmental stress.

see the next slide

GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA

GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA

Subject Information Undisturbed Crab hunting Logging Prawn pond

areas areas areas areas

Abundance Individuals (N ) 5,078 4,438 4,920 1,917Log normal (λ ) 7.24 8.92 8.73 6.57Log series (α ) 15.56 9.94 12.85 9.79Broken stick (S(n) ) 24.44 62.93 83.29 12.54

Fit of models:Log normal Yes Yes Yes YesLog series Yes Yes Yes YesBroken stick No No No Yes

GUIDELINES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY DATA4.When replicate samples have been taken use analysis of

variance to test for significant differences between communities

ANOVA

a. ns = not significant b. * = significant (P < 0.05) c. ** = very significant (P < 0.01)

INTERPREETING DIVERSITY MEASURES

The large number of diversity statistics available means that it may be difficult to select the most appropriate method of measuring diversity. For reasons of standardization it would be prudent if ecologists would be concentrate on one or a few indices. In many cases it is valuable to go beyond a single diversity statistic and examine the shape of the species abundance distribution (Magurran, 1988).

see the next slide

INTERPREETING DIVERSITY MEASURES

Subject Information Undisturbed Crab hunting Logging Prawn pond

areas areas areas areasDiversity Number of species (S ) 9 13 10 10

Number of individuals (I ) 5.078 4.438 4.920 1.917Expected toal species number (ACE ) 9.00 ± 0.00 13.00 ± 0.00 11.13 ± 0.10 10.00 ± 0.00Expected total species number (Chao1 ) 9.00 ± 0.00 13.00 ± 0.00 10.50 ± 0.16 10.00 ± 0.00Fisher's (Alpha) 1.06 ± 0.11 1.65 ± 0.15 1.20 ± 0.12 1.36 ± 0.16Simpson (1/D ) 2.12 ± 0.06 3.78 ± 0.13 2.00 ± 0.01 4.88 ± 0.16