Download - Untitled - FishAdapt Project

rmwdum

aus;Zl;wif&Sdjcif;

þvufawGUoif½d k;ñ Tef;wrf;taMumif;

EAFM oif½ dk;trsdK;rsdK;

yg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;twGuf pGrf;&nfjrSifYwifa&;

txl;ta&;ygaom EAFM oif½dk;nTef;wrf;tusOf;csKyf

tcsdefZ,m;

&nf&G,fcsufrsm;

twdkaumufpmvHk;rsm;

a0g[m&rsm;

usrf;udk;pm&if;

oifcef;pmrsm;

1/ ig;vkyfief;u@\ Ncdrf;ajcmufrSKESihfjyóemrsm;/

2/ ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKESihf a*[pepftajcjyKjcif;/

3/ EAFM qkdonfrSmrnfonfYt&menf;? rnfonfYtwGufaMumifU aqmif&Guf&

oenf;/

4/ EAFM \ Oya'orsm;/ 5/ EAFM az:aqmif&ef BudK;yef;rSK/ 6/ EAFM pDrHcsufrsm;? rl0g'ESihf vufawGYaqmif&GufrSKtMum; qufpyfrSK/

7/ EAFM vkyfief;tqifYqifYtay: NcHKiHkoHk;oyfjcif;/

8/ tpjyKvkyfief; (u) (startup A) – vkyfief;pwif&efjyifqifjcif;/

9/ tpjyKvkyfief; (c) (Startup B) – ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,f yg0ifywfoufolrsm;\

aqmif&Gufcsuf/ 10/ tqihf 1.1? 1.2 ESihf 1.3 ?FMU udk t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfjcif;ESihf e,fy,f

twdkif;twm pl;prf;avhvmjcif;/

11/ tqihf 2.1? 2.2 ESihf 2.3? jyóemrsm;ESihf yef;wdkifrsm;udk azmfxkwf

owfrSwfí OD;pm;ay;jcif;/

12/ tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (1)/

13/ tqihf 3.1 ESihf 3.2? &nfrSef;csufrsm;? tñ Gef;rsm;ESifY pHcsdefpHñ Tef;rSwfrsm;/

14/ tqihf 3.3? 3.4 ESihf 3.5? pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;rsm;? Oya'pnf;urf;

vdkufemjcif;? b@ma&;ESihf EAFM pDrHcsuf tNyD;owfjcif;/

15/ tqihf 4.1? pnf;urf;ESifYtnDaqmif&Gufjcif;? qufoG,fjcif;ESihf yg0if

aqmif½Gufjcif;

16/ tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (2)

17/ tqihf 5.1 ESihf 5.2? apmihfMuyfMunhf½SK? qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;ESifU oifYovdk

ajymif;vJ,ljcif;

aemufqufwG J (Appendix)

zwf½SKavhvm&ef tBuHjyKwkdufwGef;aompmtkyfrsm;

oif½kd;nTef;wrf;ay:aygufvmyHk

ig;zrf;vkyfief; pDrHccefYcGJa&;udk a*[aA'pepfcsOf;uyfenf;jzihf aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfyHkudk ,cktcg

urÇmtESHU vufcHMuNyD;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHwumaqG;aEG;yGJ tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGifvnf; axmufcHMuNyD;jzpfonf/

Oyrm- 2012 wGifusif;ycJhaom Rio+ 20 nDvmcH/ þcsOf;uyfrSKonf OD;wnfaom ig;rsdK;pdwf a&&Snf zrf;,l

&&Sda&;rS aoGznfí a*[pepfaumifrGefjcif;? vlESihf vlrSKa&;? om,m0ajyma&; &&Sda&;twGuf pDrHcefYcGJonhf

pepfESihf qHk;jzwfcsufcsonhfpepfodkY OD;wnfonf/ ,if;odkY&&Sd&ef tkyfcsKyfrSK abmiftwGif;rS wdk;wuf

aumif;rGefatmif aqmif&Gufjcif; jzpfonf/

a*[pepftajccHí ig;vkyfief;rsm;pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk aqmif&Gufjcif; (EAFM) Training course oif&dk;

nTef;wef;onf atmufazmfjyyg a'oqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;BuD;rsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufMujcif;rS jzpfay:vmonf-

• EdkifiH&SpfEdkifiHygaom UN-FAO b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfa'o tPÖ0ga*[aA'pepfBuD; BOBLME ya&m*suf/ GEF, NORAD ESihf SIDA wdkYrS axmufyHh&ef b*Fvm; yifv,fatmfa'o

ywf0ef;usifESihf ig;vkyfief;rsm;wdk;wufa&;twGuf a'oqdkif&m pDrHcefYcGJrSK?

• tar&duef oEåmausmufwef; w&d*HtpjyKaqmif&Gufjcif; (USCTI) - ,if;udk USAID u

axmufyHhí NOAA ESihf CTSP wdkYu taumiftxnfazmfonf/ ajcmufEdkifiHrS oEåm ausmufwef;?

ig;vkyfief;ESihf tpma&pm &du©mzlvHkrSKtwGuf tm;xkwf aqmif&Guf Muonf/

• tm&Sypdzdwf ig;vkyfief;aumfr&Sif (APFIC) a'oqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;wpfckjzpfí EdkifiHaygif;

(21)EdkifiH yg0ifonf/ tm&Sypdzdwfa'o&Sd ig;vkyfief;rsm;? a&owÅ0garG;jrLa&;? qufpyf&m

a&o,HZmw t&if;tjrpfjyóemrsm;wdkY udk aqmif&Gufajz&Sif;onf/

EAFM oif&dk;ñ Tef;wrf;tm; oufqdkif&m a'opGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;pH vdktyfcsufudk &&dS&ef oufqdkif&m a'o

ig;vkyfief;rSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? tpdk;&rsm;tMum;? a'oqdkif&m ig;vkyfief;rsm;rS azmfjyawmif;qdk vmrSK tay:

oif½kd;ñ Tef;wrf;udkqGJonf/

Oyrmrsm; -

• APFIC \ APFIC a'o\ ig;vkyfief;ESihf a&owå0garGjrLjcif;vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJa&;udk

a*[pepftajccHí vufawGUtaumifxnfazmfa&; a'oqdkif&m twdkifyifcHtvkyf½kH aqG;aEG;yGJ?

oD&dvuFmedKifiH? udkvHbdkNrdkY? 18-22 arv? 2009 ckESpf/

• 31 Budrfajrmuf tm&S-ypdzdwf ig;vkyfief;aumfr&Siftpnf;ta0;? *Ds*sLNrdKU? udk&D;,m; or®w EdkifiH?

pufwifbm 6-8 2010?

• CTI a'oqdkif&mvkyfief;pDrHcsuf (2009)? yef;wdkif(2)? ,if;wGif EAFM ESihf tjcm;toHk;jyK

aeMuaom tPÖ0gt&if;tjrpfrsm;?

• ASEAN \ ta&SUawmiftm&S ig;vkyfief;zGHUNzdK;a&;A[dkXme (SEAFDEC) ? 0efBuD;rsm; tqihf

qHk;jzwfcsuf/ ]]ASEAN a'oig;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf tpma&pmvHkNcHKa&; ESpf 2020 odkY}} befaumuf?

ZGefv 17 &uf? 2011/

txufyg tvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif bHk&ifzGihfcHpm;csufrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf-EAFM ESihf

ywfoufaom todÓPfonf rjynhfpHk? tuefYtowf&SdqJ jzpfonf/ tvm;wl csOf;uyfrSKrsm;ESihf a&maxG;í

r&Sif;vif;/ &Edkifaomud&d,m wefqmyvm (pepf)ESihf toHk;csEdkifacsrSmra&&mESihf t"du pdefac:csufwpfck

usefaeonf/ ¤if;rSm pmawGYrS vufawGUodkY taumifxnfazmfjcif;?

BOBLME ya&m*sufESihf CTI wdkYrSwpfqihf ydkrdkus,fjyefaom tm&S-ypdzdwf a'oBuD;wGif EdkifiHaygif;pHk

aqmif&GufcJhaom tpDpOfrsm;jzpfvmcJhonf/ EAFM udk vufawGUtoHk;csa&; aqmif&Guf&ef? xdkYtwl

pGrf;&nfjrihfrm;a&;enf;vrf;rsm;udk yHkpHcsrSwf taumiftxnfazmf&ef oHk;oyfcsufrsm;? enf;vrf;rsm;udk

&&SdapcJhonf/

apmapmydkif; 2010 ckESpf arvuyif BOBLME ya&m*sufESihf USAID – CTSP tzGJUBuD; (2)ckrS

tjrKawtzGJUi,f (2)zGJUonf befaumufNrdKUwGif a'oqdkif&myl;aygif; tzGJUrsm;ESihfawGUqHkí tm&S-ypdzdwfa'o

EAFM oif½dk;ñ Tef;wrf;wpfck a&;qGJwnfaqmuf&ef wdkifyifcJhMuonf/ þjzpfpOfonf aemufvmonhf

(2)ESpftwGif; jzpfay:wdk;wufvmí oifMum;avhusihfa&; rdk*sL; (Module) rsm;udk Nygiel Armada, Robert

Pomeroy ESihf Derek Staples wdkYjyKpka&;qGJMuonf/ þtm;xkwfrSKaMumihf Coral Triangle Initiatives (CTI) twGuf EAFM oif½d k;ed'gef; (EARM 101) wpfckjzpfvmNyD; NOAA rS OD;aqmifí (1)ywfMum EAFM 101 oifwef;(3)ckudk tif'dkeD;&Sm; EdkifiHwGif 2012 {NyD arvwGif zGihfvSpfEdkifcJhonf/ xdkYtwl NOAA ESihf CTSP wdkYrS

OD;aqmifí ]]acgif;aqmifrsm;? trSKaqmifrsm;ESihf qHk;jzwfcsufcsolrsm; (LEAD) twGuf EAFM oifwef;}}

wpfckudk 2012 arvwGif rav;&Sm;EdkifiHwGif pwifprf;oyfí 2013 ckESpfwGif wDarm? zdvpfdydkif? tif'dkeD;&Sm;ESifh

aqmfvrGef;uRef;pkwdkYwGif zGifhvSpfEdkifcJhonf/

wpfcsdefwnf;wGif BOBLME ya&m*sufu EAF tay:tajccHí rQa0zrf;qD;Muaom ig;tkyfpkrsm; twGuf

]]a'oqdkif&m ig;vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJa&; tMuHay;tzGJY udkzGJUcJYonf/ xdkYtwl BOBLME uyif IMA Int. rS

ynm&Sifrsm;tulnDjzihf t*FvefwGif tajcjyKaom EAFM (5)&uf oifwef;twGuf oif½dk;ñTef;wrf;wdkYudk rlv

Modules ay:tajccHí a&;qGJcsrSwfcJhonf/

txufyg oif½d k;(2)ckvHk; jzpfay:wdk;wufvma&;twGuf pwifaqmif&GufMu&mwGif EAF vrf;ñ Tefcsuf

rsm;twdkif;ESihf FAO \ 2003 aemufydkif;toHk;csvmaom ud&d,m (pepfrsm;) wdkYudk tajccHí enf;pepf

vrf;ñ Tefcsuftwdkif; aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/ FAO \ 2003 aemufydkif; enf;pepfrsm;qdk&müvnf; EAF – Nansen Project enf;pepfrsm; (t"dutm;jzihf tmz&duESihf um&DbD,Ha'owdkYrS prf;oyfcJhaom enf;pepf) rSwpfqihf

&,lonf/ xdkYtwl FAO ESihf SPC uJhodkYaom tzGJUtpnf;BuD;rsm;rS &&Sdonfh tcsuftvuf enf;pepfrsm;udk

&,lonf/ 2012 ckESpf? ESpfv,fydkif;wGif rQa0Edkifaomqk (enf;pepf) rSmydkí ay:vGifvmonf/ BOBLME

Project u IMA Int. ud k EAFM \ pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;pOf (oifwef;) 2ckudk pkpnf;&efodkYr[kwf

wpfaygif;wnf; jzpfap&ef enf;vrf;rsm;&SmazG? n§ dESdKifjcif;wdkYudk aqmif&Guf&ef awmif;qdkcJh ygonf/

yxrqHk;aom EAFM yl;aygif;avhusihfa&;ñ Tefwrf;jzpfay:wdk;wufa&; (Writeshop) (a&;om;jyKpk tvkyf&Hk

aqG;aEG;yGJ)udk Edk0ifbmv? 2012 wGif xdkif;EdkifiH zl;cufNrdKY½Sd BOBLME Project ½Hk;wGif usif;ycJhygonf/ 2013

ckESpf Zefe0g&DvwGif 'kwd, (Write shop) udk zdvdydkifEdkifiH? reDvmwGif usif;ycJhygonf/ yl;aygif;oifwef;

twGuf oif½dk;txkyf (oif½dk;) wpfckudk jyKpkazmfxkwfí yxrqHk;aom r&Sdrjzpf EAFM (essential EAFM) ]]prf;oyfoifwef;}} ESihf ]]oifwef;q&mrsm;twGufoifwef;}} wGif oif½dk;ñ Tef;wrf;tjzpf toHk;cscJhygonf/

,if;oifwef; wdkYudk rav;&Sm;EdkifiH udkwmuifembvlNrdKUwGif 2013 ckESpf? ZGefvwGif zGihfvSpfcJhygonf/

þprf;oyfoifwef;rS &&Sdaom tawGUtBuHKudktajccHí oif½dk;ñ Tef;wrf;udk xyfrH wdk;wufatmif tNyD;owf

aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ (Version 2 Munhf)/ þoif½dk;udk 2014 ckESpf Zefe0g&DvwGif SEAFDEC XmewGif

usif;ycJhaom oifwef;(tvkyf½Hkoifwef;)wpfckwGif toHk;jyKcJhygonf/ oifwef;q&mrsm; twGuf oifwef;\

oif½dk;ñ Tef;wrf;ESihfvnf; csdwfqufcJhNyD; tao;pdwf tacsmowfjcif;udk aqmif&Gufí Version 3 (wwd,rl)udk

xkwfvkyf&efjzpfonf/

oif,lESdKifonfY EAFM oif&dk;nTef;wef; trsdK;rsdK;

vGefcJhaom (10)ESpfcefYrSpí EAFM ESihfqdkifaom vrf;ñ TefcsufESihf t&if;tjrpfypönf;? vrf;ñ Tefcsufrsm;?

ynm&yfaqmif;yg;rsm;pmtkyfrsm; yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhNyD; e,fy,frsm;pGmrSyg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;taejzifY oif,l

Edkifonf/ ,if;wdkYudk vGwfvyfpGmaqmif&Gufaeaom odyÜ Hynm&Sifrsm;? wuúodkvfrsm;? odyÜ HESifYzGHYNzdK; wdk;wufa&;

yl;aygif;pDrHudef;rsm;? tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESihf EdkifiHwumtzGJUwdkYu

a&;om;xkwfa0xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tcsdKUudk toHk;csypönf;rsm; (rSDjirf;pmtkyf ^ ypönf;rsm;) odkYr[kwf

zwf&efoihfawmfonf[k ,lqaom pmtkyfrsm;? odkYr[kwf Web wGif0ifa&mufavYvmMunfY&SK&ef

jyKpkxm;&Sdygonf/

trSefwu,foif½dk;ñ Tef;wrf;rsm;rSm ta&twGuf tuefYtowf&Sdí vdktyfcsuft& oD;oefY yx0D0if

a'owpfcktwGuf &nf½G,fonf/ odkYr[kwf OD;wnfowfrSwfxm;aom rsdK;pdwfrsm;twGuf &nf½G,fonf/

oifwef;tcsdKUrSm tBudrftenf;i,fom zGihfvSpfMuNyD;? tcsdKUrSm oifMum;a&;^ynm&yfqdkif&m tzGJUpnf;BuD;

(Oyrmwuúodkvf)u yHkrSefydkYcsaom oifwef;rsdK; jzpfonf/

oifwef;acgif;pOf rmwdum ydkYcsol? aqmif½Gufol tzGJUpnf;

ynm&yf

qdkif&m

oifwef;

rsm;

o,HZmwtoHk;csrSKESifY ig;vkyfief;

tay: xdcdkufrSKrsm;tm; a*[pepf

tajccHíapmihfMuyfMunhfS&SKjcif;ESifY

tuJjzwfjcif;/

EAF oabmw&m;ESihf

o&kyfcGJJavYvmonfY enf;pepf/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKtrsdK;tpm;

rsm;? ig;zrf;qD;rSKESifh&&SdrSK? vlrSK

pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&mtcsuf

tvufrsm;

Center for Development Innovation,Wageningen University, Netherlands (FAO ESihfyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf)

(www.wageningenur.nl/cdi

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSK EAF tygt0if

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKtajccHrlrsm;

ESihf vkyfief;pOfrsm;

Australian Natural Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Australia (www.ancors.uow.edu. au)

Quantitative EAF (Q-EAF) (tcsuftvuf? owif;

tajcjyK)

ynm&Sifrsm;twGuf

tPÖ0ga*[aA'pepf rdk',f

toHk;jyKjcif; txl;oifwef;

Universite' Paris Marie Curie, France (www.mares-eu-org)

pDrHudef;

oifwef;

ajrxJyifv,fESihf yifv,feuf

a'o EAF? odyÜHenf;us tajccH

EAF A[kokwvdktyfcsuf? zrf;qD; rnfYig;rsdK;pdwfa&&Snf

wnfwHha&;? a*[pepfESifY vlrSK

pD;yGm;a&; qdkif&mtcsufrsm;?

rdk',fyHkpHtopfrsm;az:xkwfjcif;?

ig;vkyfief;tñTef;udef;rsm;?

OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifY &nfnTef;

az:jycsufrsm;? xdcdkufrSKenf;NyD;

avmifpmqDoHk;pGJrSK oufomap

onfY ig;zrf;enf;rsm;? vufawGU

vkyfaqmifjcif;/

Int. Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (www.iamz.ciheam.org) Zaragoza, Spain. EU-CREAM Project rS aqmif&Gufí (7)Budrf

ajrmuf EU \ FAO ESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom

vkyfief;tpDpOft&?

http://www.ancors.uow.edu/






http://www.mares-eu-org/

http://www.mares-eu-org/

ajrxJyifv,fESihf yifv,feuf a'o

EAF? pDrHcefYcGJ a&;ESihf qHk;jzwfcsuf

csrSwf jcif;

EAF tajccHrlrsm;? oabmw&m;

rsm;? EAF pDrHcefYcGJa&;vkyfief;pOf?

EAF \vlrSKa&;? pD;yGm;a&;

twdkif;wm? ykl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;?

EAF udk taxmufuljyK edKifonfY

odyÜ Hynm? vufawGUaqmif&Guf

aeonfY EAF? avUvmcJYonfY

udpö &yfrsm;

Int. Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (www.iamz.ciheam.org) Zaragoza, Spain. EU-CREAM Project rS aqmif&Gufí (7)Budrf

ajrmuf EU \ FAO ESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvkyfief;

tpDpOft&?

EAF EdkifiHwumoif½dk;nTef;wrf;?

(tmz&du wuúodkvfrsm;)

a*[aA'pepf tpdwftydkif; rsm;?

a&m,Sufaeonfh ig;vkyfief;

pepfrsm;? EAF oabm

w&m;rsm;?vufawGUtavhtusifh

rsm;ESihf enf;pepfrsm;/

aemfa0;EdkifiHuaxmufyHhaom FAO \ EAF-Nansen Project acgif;pOf]]zGHYNzdK;qJEdkifiHrsm;wGifyifv

,f ig;vkyfief;udk a*[aA'

½SKa'gihfrS csOf;uyf taumiftxnf

azmfjcif; twGuf tajccH

todÓPf zGHYNzdK;a&; oifwef;}}

(http://www.eafnansen-org/nansen/en)

wm0efodig;vkyfief; oifwef;tpDpOf wm0efodig;vkyfief;rsm;? a*[

aA' usef;rma&;? ig;vkyfief;

pDrHcefYcGJrSK? aps;uGuf vTrf;rdk;jcif;

ESihf pnf;urf; xdef;odrf;jcif;?

o,HZmwxdef;odrf;a&; pdefac:

csufrsm;twGuf vufawGUusNyD;

cdkifrmaom ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf

rSLrsm;/

wm0efodig;vkyfief;

r[mrdwfoifwef;tkyfpk? WWF South Africa and Partners. (www.wwf.org.za, www.rfalliance.org.za) South Africa Qualification Authority uw&m;0if

todrSwfjyK onf/

tm&S

ypdzdwf

a'o

oifwef;

rsm;

ig;vkyfief;udk a*[aA'pepf ½SKa'gihf

rS csOf;uyfaqmif&Guf jcif;ESihf

wdk;csJUjcif;enf;pepfrsm;/ a'owGif;

oifwef;q&mjzpf oifwef;rsm;/

(ASEAN)

ig;vkyfief;qdkif&m a*[pepf

pDrHcefYcGJa&; enf;vrf;rsm;?

wdk;csJUynmay;vkyfief;twGuf

r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfaom uRrf;usifrSK

rsm;? vlxkodkowif;jzefYcsDjcif;?

avhvma&; c&D;pOf rsm;/

oifwef;Xme? SEAFDEC-TD, xdkif;EdkifiH

ygyltme,l*DeD EdkifiHESifh

aqmfvrGefuRef;pktwGuf EAFM a&&Snfig;zrf; ukdNcdrf; ajcmuf

rSKrsm;/ ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJa&;/

EAFM a*[aA' pepf?

ig;ZD0aA'? a'ourf;ajc

ig;vkyfief;rsm; (PGN odkYr[kwf

qmfvrGef uRef;pk)? tkyfcsKyfrSK?

ig;vkyfief;tuJjzwfjcif;/ EAFM pDrHcsuf?apmihfMuyf Munhf½SKjcif;ESifY

Oya'pnf; urf;vdkufemjcif;/

AusAid ukd,fpm; TNC u

BuD;Muyf? Australian Tropical Marine Alliance ESihf CTC u

taumif xnf azmf/

acgif;aqmifrsm;trSKaqmifrsm;

ESihfqHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwf&olrsm;

twGuf EAFM (EAFM LEAD)

EAFMqdkwmbmvJ? EAFM onff

bmaMumihf vlUtzGJUpnf;\ rwl

nDaom yef;wdkifrsm;udk ñSdESdKif;

&ef ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJ a&;odkY

csOf;uyf&ef vdktyfaom t&m

jzpf&ygovJ? EAFM udk b,fvdk

rl0g'ESihf vufawGUydkif;odkY

xnhf0if pkpnf;rvJ/ a&&Snfwnf

wHhNyD;tjyeftvSef tusdK;&Sdaom

ig;vkyfief; udktvHk;pHkpDrHcefYcGJrSK/

NOAA rS aqmif&Gufí USAID CTSP rS axmufyHhonf/

a'ocHoifwef;q&mjzpfoifwef;

rsm;twGuf a*[pepf tajccH..

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;/ oifwef;/

þoif½dk;\a,bl,s

&nfrSef;csuf rSm tzGJU0ifEdkifiH

rsm;\t&m&Sdrsm;^tmPmydkif rsm;

pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;ESihf vkyfief;wGif

xda&mufrSKudk jr§ihfwifa&;

jzpfonf/ EAFM taumifxnf

azmfEdkifiHrsm;udk qdkvdkonf/

SEAFDEC

yg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;twGufpGrf;aqmif&nfjrifYrm;a&;

rwlnDaome,fy,ftvdkuf yg0ifwufa&mufoltrsdK;rsdK;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfzGHYNzdK;a&;twGuf enf;vrf;

trsdK;rsdK;ESifY oifaxmufulypönf;trsdK;rsdK; vdktyfonf/ þpmtkyf (Essential EAFM) wGif t"duOD;wnfcsufrSm

tv,ftvwftqihf pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;? ig;vkyfief;ESihfywf0ef;usif a&;&mXmewdkYrS 0efxrf;rsm; wdkYESihftwl

pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;a&;ESihf pDrHudef;Xmersm;rS 0efxrf;rsm;twGufjzpfonf/ txl;ojzihf jynfe,f ^ wdkif;tqihfESihf

c½dkif a'otqihf wdkYrSjzpfNyD;? ,if;wdkYe,fajr&Sd ig;vkyfief;ESihf ywf0ef;usifa&;&mwdkYudk tkyfcsKyfa&;? pDrHcefYcGJa&;

wdkYudk wm0ef ,l&olrsm;jzpfonf/ þ Essential EAFM pmtkyfonf tm&S-ypdzdwfa'o wdkif;jynfrsm;wGif

a'oESihf udkufnDatmif jyKjyif,l&mwGif vG,fulatmifpDrHxm;onf/ tvGefus,fjyefYaom OD;wnfcsuf

tkyfpkrsm;twGuf &nf½G,faom þoif½dk;ñ Tef;udk jyefí yHkpHjyif&efrvdktyfyg/ odkY&mwGif tBuHjyKvdkonfrSm

oifwef;ydkYcsaom EddkifiH\oD;oefYa'o? oD;oefYtajctae? txl;ojzihf a'ocHoifwef;om;wdkYxHrS&aom

tcsuftvufrsm;udk xnhfoGif;oihfonf/ xdkYtjyif oD;oefYEdkifiHwpfck? oD;oefYa'owpfckESifh qdkifaom

ig;vkyfief;ESihf ywf0ef;usifa&;&mOya'? pnf;urf;rsm;udkvnf; owdjyKoihfonf/ þoif½d k;ñ Tef;wrf;udktajccHí

EAFM pDrHcsufwpfckudka&;qGJEdkifNyD;? ,if;pDrHcsufudk xyfírGrf;rHaqmif&Gufjcif;jzihf xdkpDrHcsufudk rdrdEdkifiHwGif

vnf;aumif;? EdkifiH(2)ck e,fedrdwfjzwfausmfí vnf;aumif;? taumiftxnfazmfEdkifonf/

tvGefqufpyfaeaom EAFM oifwef;wpfckjzpfonhf LEAD ac: acgif;aqmifrsm;? trSKaqmifBuD;rsm;?

qHk;jzwfcsufcs&olrsm;twGuf oifwef;\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm t&m&SdBuD;rsm;taejzihf EdkifiHawmftqihfrS a'o

tqihftxd EAFM taumiftxnfazmfa&;wGif bmaMumifh? bmvJ? b,fvdkvJwdkYudk od&Sdem;vnf&ef

tcsif;csif;aqG;aEG; wdkifyifEdkif&efjzpfonf/ Power Point jzifhwifjyxm;aom EAFM ESihfywfoufaom

]]a,bl,stjriftusOf;csKyf}}? pmwpfrsufESmjzihf azmfjyxm;aom ]]r&Sdrjzpf EAFM tusOf;csKyf}}? ]]rmwdumESihf

&nfrSef;csufrsm;}} wdkYudk tjrihfqHk;tqifh qHk;jzwfcsufcs&olrsm;u toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ (Essential EAFM pmtkyf\

vufpGJusrf;^&nfñ Tef;usrf;tjzpfvnf; &&SdEdkifonf)/ a'ocH ig;vkyfief;vkyfudkifolrsm;udkvnf; EAFM ESihfywfoufaom todÓPf A[kokwudk ar;EdkifNyD;? tokwfvdkufoifwef;ay;Edkifonf/ xdkodkY aqmif&Guf&ef

secretarial of community SPC, 2010 rS pkpnf;xkwfa0aom ]]ypdzdwf uRef;EdkifiHrsm;twGuf vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;}}

pmtkyfudkoHk;Edkifonf/ a'otajccHaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk a*[pepf½SKa'gifhrS csOf;uyfjcif; uJhodkYaom

pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;oifwef;twGuf pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udk NGOs rsm;uxkwfa0cJhygonf/ (Oyrm-WWF

Malaysia)/ xdkYtwl awmifESihf ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHrsm;twGuf BOBLME Project rS BuD;MuyfaxmufyHhrSKjzihf

International Collective in Support of Fish workers (ICSF) u pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;? ypönf;rsm;xkwfa0onf/

yHkpH 1.1/ Essential EAFM oif½dk;ñTef;wrf;\ tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESihf qufpyfypönf;rsm;udk azmfjyaompepf

yHkMurf; (oif½dk;tpdwfydkif; (Product) wpfckonf yg0ifwwfa&mufolrsm; (audience) wpfckpD twGuf

jzpfonf)

EAFM udka'owGif; jzefYxkwfjcif;

Essential EAFM oif½dk;ñ Tef;wrf;udk ,cktcg BOBLME EdkifiHrsm;ESihf CTI (Coral Triangle Initiative) EdkifiH

rsm;wGifydkYcsrnf/ xdkYtwl ydkrdkus,fjyefaom tm&S-ypdzdwfa'o EdkifiHrsm;vnf; ygonf/ þoif½dk;ñ Tef;wrf;udk

yl;wGJwm0ef,laqmif&GufMuaomXmeBuD;rsm;? wuúodkvfrsm;wdkY\ Websites wGif electronic format tjzpf

&,lEdkifonf/ oufqdkif&m EdkifiHtoD;oD;rS oifwef;q&mrsm; (wenf;tm;jzihfqdkvdkonfrSm ( Training of

Trainers, TOT ) oifwef; wufa&mufcJhNyD; wwfajrmufcJholrsm;) taejzihf þoif½ dk;udkvufawGU ydkYcsEdkif

vdrhfrnf/ tMuHjyKwdkufwGef;vdkonfrSm tenf;qHk;oifwef;q&m (2)OD;ESifh taxmufuljyKolrsm; yg0if&ef

jzpfonf/ (tu,fíoifwef;q&mrsm;onf ig;vkyfief;? ywf0ef;usifa&;&mwdkYESihfywfoufaom odyÜ HtajccH

r&Sdygu jzpfonf)/ tem*wfwGif þoif½dk;udk ig;vkyfief;oifwef;ausmif;rsm;? a'owGif;& wuúodkvfrsm;

atmuf&Sd ig;vkyfief;r[mXmersm;wGif ydkYcsvdrhfrnf[k jrifa,mifrdonf/ ta&SUawmiftm&SwGif EAFM tNrJwrf;rSwfwdkifwpfcktjzpf xdkif;EdkifiH SEAFDEC XmewGif wnfaxmifcJhNyD; jzpfonf/

EAFM ESihfywfoufaom pm½ Gufpmwrf;ypönf;rsm;udkatmufyg Websites wdkYwGif &&Sd Edkifonf/

www.apfic.org www.boblme.org www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred

http://www.apfic.org/

http://www.boblme.org/

http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred

r&Sdrjzpfta&;ygaom EAFM

r&Sdrjzpfta&;ygaom EAFM oif½ d k;ñ Tefwrf;onf oifwef;om;rsm;udk ig;zrf;vkyfief;a&&Snf

wnfwHha&; pDrHcefYcG J&ef EAFM pDrHcsufwpfcka&;Edkif&ef vdktyfaom twwfynmudkay;onf/

þoif½ d k;onf oifwef;om;rsm;udk atmufygwdk Yudk wwfuRrf;aprnf

• ig;vkyfief;udkyd kí tvHk;pH kpDrHcefYcG JEd kifjcif;?

• ig;vkyfief;jyóemrsm;? pdefac:csufrsm;udk yd kíajz&Sif;Ed kifjcif;?

• toHk;jyKoltkyfpk (ig;vkyfief;tkyfpk) rsm;tMum; tjiif;yGm;rSKwdk Yudk avsmhcsjcif;?

• tjcm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESih fyl;aygif;aqmif&GufEd kifjcif;?

• aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpf&Edkifonhfenf;vrf; azmfxkwfEdkifjcif;/

oifwef;om;rsm;onf EAFM oabmw&m;udk avhvmEd kifNyD; rdrdwdk Ya'otwGuf EAFM pHrHcsufrlMurf;jyKpkEd kif&ef EAFM ykHpHcGuf (template) wpfckudk oifwef;umvwGif vufawGU oif,lrnf/

olwdk Yon f EAFM \ rlrsm;ESih f yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcG J jcif;udk od&S dem;vnfvmvdrhfrnf/ xdk Y jyif u@toD;oD;

tMum; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;udkem;vnfvmrnf/ xdk Ytwl xda&mufaomqufoG,frSK? tusd;aqmifrSK?

tjiif;yGm;rSKajz&Sif;jcif; wdk YESih fywfoufaom tavhtusihfudk &&Sdrnf/

oifwef;\ a,bl,s&nfrSef;csufrsm;

oifwef;om;wdkYonf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk a*[aA'pepf½SK;a'gifhrS csOf;uyfjcif; oabmw&m;ESihf

vdktyfyHkudk od&Sdem;vnf&ef? ig;zrf;vkyfief; ydkía&&SnfwnfwHha&; EAFM pDrHcsufa&;qGJEdkif&ef? taumifxnf

azmfEdkif&efESihf apmihfMuyfMunhf½ SKEdkif&ef vdktyfaom twwfynm? todynmrsm;udk &&SdMu&efjzpfonf/

wufa&mufolrsm; (oifwef;wuf&efoihfolrsm;)

þ Essential EAFM oif½d k;onf atmufygyk*¾dKvfwdkYtwGuf OD;wnfonf/ tv,ftvwftqihf

pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;? ig;vkyfief;ESihfywf0ef;usifa&;&m0efxrf;rsm;? qufpyfaom pD;yGm;a&;? zGHUNzdK;a&;ESihf pDrHudef;Xme

0efxrf;rsm;? txl;ojzihf wdkif;^jynfe,f tqihfESihf c½dkifa'otqihf0efxrf;rsm;? wenf;tm;jzihf rdrdwdkY

tvkyfvkyf&m a'o&Sd ig;vkyfief;ESihfywf0ef;usifa&;&mudp ö wdkYudk wm0ef,l&olrsm;jzpfonf/

e,fy,ftwdkif;wmESihfqufpyfywfoufrSK

þoifwef;udk rnfonhfig;vkyfief; odkYr[kwf ig;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;wGifrqdk toHk;csEdkifonf/ atmufyg

vufpGJpmtkyfESihf Power Point wifjycsufrsm;wGif oif½dk;onf ]]tm&Surf;&dk;wef;ESihf tPÖ0gjyif a*[pepf}}

tay: OD;wnfazmfjyxm;onf/ OD;wnfazmfjycsufESihf Oyrmrsm;udk ajymif;vJvdkufjcif;jzihf þoif½dk;udk

ukef;wGif;ydkif;a*[pepf (jrpf? acsmif;? tdkif)? urf;a0;a*[aA'pepf odkYr[kwf ig;arG;jrLa&; (a&wGif pdkufysdK;

arG;jrLa&;) twGufyg toHk;csEdkifonf/ pDrHcefYcGJa&;tpDpOfESihfywfoufaomrlrsm;ESihf enf;vrf;rSm twlwl

yifjzpfonf/

oifwef;zGJYpnf;wnfaqmufyHk

þoif½dk;\tpdwfydkif;wGif a&&SnfwnfwHhaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;twGuf EAFM bmaMumihf vdktyfyHkudk

&Sif;jyxm;onf/ EAFM pDrHcsufwpfcka&;qGJcsrSwfjcif;jzihf EAFM udkrnfodkY vkyfEdkifyHk? pDrHcsufudk taumif

txnf azmfyHk? apmihfMuyfMunhf½ SKjcif;? qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;ESihf pDrHcsufudk oihfavsmfovdk jyKjyifajymif;vJ

EdkifyHkwkdYudk &Sif;jyxm;onf/

oifMum;rKSenf;pepf

þoif½dk;onf oifwef;om;rsm; t"duyg0ifvkyfudkif&aom oif½dk;jzpfonf/ oifwef; q&mrsm;\ ydkYcsrSKudk

jznhfpGufap&ef oifwef;om;wdkY ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ? tkyfpktvdkuf wpfa,mufcsif;tvdkuf oD;oefY pDpOfxm;aom

vufawGUavhusihfa&;udk vkyf&rnf/ þvufawGU avhusihfa&;rsm;onf avhvmoif,la&;udkydkí

cdkifrmuspfvspfap&ef pDpOfxm;onf/ oifwef; q&mrsm;taejzihf twwfEdkifqHk; wu,hftjzpfrSef? a'owGif;

Oyrmrsm;ESihf ydkYcs&efjzpfojzihf oifwef;om;wdkYxHrS wuf<upGm yg0ifaqmif&GufrSKtay: tm;xm;Muvdrhfrnf/

oif,ljcif;ESihfjyefvnfwkHYjyefjcif; (jyefvnfwifjyjcif;)

aeYpOfapmihfMuyfMunhf½ SKjcif;ESihf jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfojzihf oifwef;om;rsm;xHrS wkHYjyefrSK

(jyefvnfwifjyrSK) wdkYudk jzpfEdkifvQif oif½dk;ñ Tef;wrf;yHkpHxJwGif xnhfoGif;rnf/ oifwef;rpwifrDESihf oifwef;

NyD;aemuf qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;? xdkYtwl ÓPfprf;ar;jcif;wdkYjzihf oifwef;q&mrsm;taejzihf wdk;wufrSK

tajctaeudk tuJjzwf Edkifonf/

oif½dk;ypönf;rsm; (oif½dk;wGifyg0ifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;)

þvufpGJpmtkyfwGif EAFM jzpfpOfwpfqihfpDudk oD;oefY&nf½G,fowfrSwfxm;aom rdk*sL;yHkpH (Module) jzihf &Sif;jyonf/ tvkyfpmtkyf (work book) udk jzpfpOfwqihfpD taMumif;rSwfpkrsm;a&;&ef toHk;csEdkifonf/

csdwfqufxm;aom Tool kit wGif (People) ESihf (Technical) wdkYudk EAFM jzpfpOftqihfqihfwGif ud&d,m

(enf;pepf) tjzpftoHk;cs Edkifonf/ þoif½ dk;ñ Tef;wrf;udk aumif;pGmoif,lavhusihfNyD;aemuf oifwef;om;

rsm;onf þvufpGJ pmtkyfud k electronic yHkpHtjzpf vnf;aumif;? Power Point wifjycsufrsm;ESihf Tool kit wdkYudk vufcH&&Sdygrnf/ xdkYtwl tjcm;t&eft&if;tjrpf (ypönf;) rsm;vnf; &&Sdygrnf/

oifwef;q&mrsm;(oifwef;ydkYcsolrsm;)

oifwef;q&mrsm;udk EdkifiHwumtawGUtBuHK&SdMuaomtusdK;aqmifolrsm;u avhusihfay;xm;cJhygonf/

olwdkYudk a'oqkdif&m ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY em;vnfxm;Muaom yk*¾ dKvfrsm;u taxmuf

tuljyKMuonf/

ta&;ygaom EAFM oif½dk;&nfrSef;csufrsm;ESihftcsdefpm&if; oif½dk;a,bl,s&nfrSef;csuf

a*[pepfudktajccHonfY ig;vkyfief;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrSK (EAFM) \ oabmw&m;ESihf vdktyfcsufudk

od&Sdem;vnfvmrnf/ ig;zrf;qD;jcif;vkyfief;a&&SnfpDrHcefYcGJ&ef EAFM pDrHcsufudk a&;qGJowfrSwfjcif;? taumif

txnfazmfjcif;ESihf apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;wdkYtwGuf vdktyfaom twwfynmrsm;? todynmrsm;udk &&Sdrnf/

þoif½dk;onf (5)&ufMum oif½d k;jzpfonf/

yxraeY - EAFM qdkonfrSmtb,fenf;ESifY tb,fYaMumifYoHk;&oenf; em;vnfvmap&ef

'kwd,aeY - EAFM odkYajymif;vJaqmif&Guf&mwGif bmawG yg&Sd&rnfudk od&Sdem;vnf&ef

wwd,aeY - EAFM pDrHcsuf vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGuf aqmif&Guf&ef

pwkw¬aeY - EAFM pDrHcsufrsm; taumifxnfaz:a&;aqmif&Guf&ef

yOöraeY - tzGJYvdkuf EAFM pDrHcsufrsm;udk wifjyMu&efwHkYjyefcsufrsm;&,l&ef

yxraeY ( Day 1 ) - bmaMumifYvJ? bmvJ

oifwef;om;rsm;rdwfqufjcif;ESihf oif½dk;a,bl,stjrif

þavhusihfcef;NyD;aemuf yg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;taejzifY atmufygwdkYudk &&Sdrnf od&Sdrnf/

• rdrdudk,fwdkifrdwfqufí þoifwef;tay: oif\arQmfvihfcsufrsm;ESihf &&SdvmrnfYtusdK;

• þoifcef;pm\ OD;wnfcsufrsm; &nfrSef;csufrsm;udkazmfjycsuf?

• oif\ig;vkyfief;u@ESihf qufpyfaeonfY a*[apepftay: &ifqdkifae&onfY Ncdrf;ajcmufrSKrsm;ESihf

jyóem rsm;udk azmfxkwf owfrSwfjcif;/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESihf a*[pepftajcjyKjcif;

þavhusihfcef;NyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf yg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;taejzifY atmufygwdkYudk &&Sd od&Sdrnf

• ig;zrf;qD;jcif;vkyfief;ESifY &ifqdkifae&aom Ncdrf;ajcmufrSKrsm;? jyóemrsm; udkajz&Sif;&ef vdktyfonfY

pDrHcefYcGJrSK topf wpfckvdktyfaMumif; oabmaygufvmrnf?

• vlrSKtzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif a*[pepfonf rnfuJYodkYtusdK;jzpfxGef;aprnfYtaMumif; od&Sdvmrnf?

• a*[pepfudktajccHonfYenf;vrf; qdkif&m (EA) \oabmw&m;taMumif;udk od&Sdem;vnfvmrnf?

• a*[pepfudktajccHonfYenf;vrf; toHk;csjcif;jzihf&&Sdaom tusdK;aus;Zl;tcsdKUudk azmfjywwfvmrnf/

EAFM qdkonfrSm rnfonfYt&menf;

þavhusihfcef;NyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf yg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;taejzifY atmufygwdkYudk &&Sd od&Sdvmrnf

• EAFM qdkwmbmvJudk od&Sdem;vnfvmrnf?

• EAFM toHk;jyKrSKaMumihf &&SdaomtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udk azmfjywwfvmrnf?

• tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;udk EAFM u rnfuJYodkYtm;jznhfay;edKifaMumif;udk &Sif;jywwfvmrnf?

• vltzGJUtpnf;trsdK;rsdK;wdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm; ½ SKyfaxG;rSKrsm;udk od&Sdem;vnfvmrnf/

EAFM \Oya'orsm;

�oifcef;pmNyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf atmufygwdkYudk od&Sd &&Sdvmrnf

• EAFM wpfck\ tajccHrlrsm;ESifY FAO \ wm0efod ig;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf usihf0wf (CCRF) wdkY

qufpyfrSK&Sdjcif;udkvnf; od&Sdvmrnf/

EAFM qdkwmbmvJESihf oifb,favmufvkyfNyD;NyDvJ?

oifcef;pm NyD;qHk;onfhtcgwGif atmufygwdkYudk od&Sd &&Sdrnf

• EAFM tpdwfydkif; (3)ck t& Ncdrf;ajcmufrSKrsm;? jyóemrsm;udk jyefoHk;oyfEdkifrnf?

• EAFM udpötcsdKUudk aqmif&GufaeNyD;jzpfaMumif; od&Sdvmrnf?

• vuf&Sdig;vkyfief; vkyfaqmifcsuftavhtusihfrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;ESifY rnfonfY EAFM udk

vkyfaqmifcJYNyD;aMumif; azmfxkwfowfrSwfEdkifrnf?

• EAFM qdkif&mtawGYtBuHKESifY uGm[csufrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfEdkifrnfjzpfNyD; a&SYquf

aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfedKifajc&SdonfYenf;vrf;rsm;tMum; uGm[csufrsm;udkazmfxkwfEdkifrnf/

'kwd,aeY ( DAY 2 ) – rnfodkYaqmif&GufrvJ

EAFM az:aqmif&efBudK;yef;rSK

oifcef;pmNyD;qHk;onhftcgwGif atmufygwdkYudk od&Sdem;vnfvmrnf -

• tcsdefMumjrifYvmonfESifYtrQ EAFM odkY ajymif;vJvkyfaqmif&ef tpdk;&wpf&yftaejzifY rnfodkY

pHerlem jyKedKifonfY EAFM tm; avYvmedKifrnfjzpf?

• ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmMumjrifYvmonfESifYtrQ EAFM odkYajymif;vJvkyfaqmifonfY jzpfpOfwGif yg0ifonfY

&dk;&Sif;aom vkyfief;aqmif&GufrSKqdkif&m wdk;wufrSKtm; em;vnfoabmaygufvmrnfjzpfonf/

• EAFM twGuf wdusowfrSwfxm;onfY trsdK;tpm; r&SdaMumif;? EdkifiH? tajctae? ½dk;&m

,Ofaus;rSKtay: tajccHyD; oD;jcm; vkyfaqmifonfY enf;vrf;&yf jzpfaMumif; od&Sdvmrnf?

• edKifiHwpfedKifiHtaejzifY EAFM odkY ajymif;vJvkyfaqmifrSKtm; rnfonfYtqifYwGif

a&muf&Sdaeonfudk pDppfqHk;jzwfEdkifrnf/

• edKifiHwpfedKifiHtaejzifY EAFM odkY ajymif;vJvkyfaqmif&mwGif &ifqdkifBuHKawGY&rnhf pdefac:rSKrsm;tm;

azmfxkwf owfrSwfEdkifrnf/

EAFM pDrHcsufrsm; - rl0g'ESihfvufawGYaqmif&GufrSKrsm;tMum;qufpyfrSK

oifcef;pm NyD;qHk;onhftcg atmufygwdkYudk od&Sdem;vnfvmrnf-

• rl0g'rS vkyfief;aqmif&GufrSKodkY ajymif;vJvkyfaqmif&mwGif xda&mufrSK&SdonfY tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;

ESifY pDrHcsufrsm; vdktyfcsuf&SdyHkudk em;vnfoabmaygufvmrnf/

EAFM vkyfief;tqifYqifYtay:NcHKiHkoHk;oyfjcif;


• EAFM vkyfief;pOf\ t"duusonfYtqihfrsm;tm; azmfjyEdkifNyD; EAFM udk rnfuJYodkY pDrHcsuf

csrSwf&eff? taumifxnf azmf&efESihf apmifMuyfMunhf½SK&efwdkYudk azmfjyEdkifrnf?

• EAFM vkyfief;pOf\ pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;qdkif&m tqihfrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfEdkifrnf?

• EAFM pDrHcsufESihf tuRrf;w0ifjzpfvmrnf/

tpjyKvkyfief;

(u) vkyfief;pwif&efjyifqifjcif;


• EAFM vkyfief;pOfpwifjcif;ESifY yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;twGuf vdktyfonfYtpysdK;wm0efrsm;tm;

owfrSwf Edkifonf?

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;udk rnfuJYodkYazmfxkwfEdkifrnf/

(c) ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;EG,fyg0ifywfoufolwdkY\ aqmif7Gufcsuf


• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;ESifY xdawGYqufqHedKif&ef yg0ifaqmif&GufrSKqdkif&m enf;vrf;rsm;tm;

owfrSwfEdkifrnf?

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;ESifY tpnf;a0;rsm;usif;y&ef rnfodkYpDpOfaqmif&Guf&rnfudk od&Sdem;vnf

vmrnf?

• yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJa&;\ tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;udk od&Sdvmrnf/

wwd,aeY ( DAY 3 ) – pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;ESifY ppfaq;aqmif&Gufjcif;

tqihf (1) ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;,lepf (FMU) \ t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfjcif;ESifY e,fyg,ftwdkif;twmpl;prf;jcif;


• FMU t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfjcif;? e,fy,ftwdkif;wmrSef;qjcif;wdkYudk od&Sdem;vnfNyD; vufawGUvkyfudkif

vmEdkifrnf?

• arQmfrSef;csuf xm;&SdrSKtay: em;vnfoabmayguf&efESifY &&SdvmonfY arQmfrSef;csuftay:

oabmwl vufcHedKifrnf/

tqihf (2) jyóemrsm;ESihf yef;wdkifrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfíOD;pm;ay;jcif;

tqihf 2.1 rS 2.3 txd


• FMU &Sd jyóemrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfEdkifrnf?

• BuKHawGY&rnfY tcuftcJrsm;tm; qef;ppfaqmif&Gufjcif;tm;jzifY OD;pm;ay; jyóemrsm;tm;

aqG;aEG;edKifrnf/

• EAFM pDrHcsufqdkif&m yef;wdkifrsm; jzpfxGef; ay:aygufedKifrnf/

tajctaetrSeftm;ppfaq;jcif; (1)


• FMU yef;wdkifrsm;ESifYywfoufNyD; tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif tcGihftvrf;rsm;ESifY tuefYtowf rsm;tm;

azmfxkwf Edkifrnf?

• OD;wnftkyfpk (focus group discussions, FGDs) aqG;aEG;rSKjyK&mwGif yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJrSKjyKonfY

rdwfbuftzGJYESifYtwl vkyfief;&yfrsm;tqifajyacsmarTYrSK &SdaponfY uRrf;usifrSKtm; toHk;jyKEdkifrnf?

• EAFM aqmif&Gufjcif;aMumifY ay:aygufvmrnfY tjiif;yGm;rSKqdkif&m pDrHcefYcGJ&efvdktyfrSKtm;

od&SdvmNyD; enf;pepftrsdK;rsdK;udk vufawGU toHk;csEdkifrnf/

tqihf (3.u) ? &nfrSef;csufrsm;? tñTef;udef;rsm;ESifY pHcsdefpHñTef;rSwfrsm;

tqifh 3.1 ESihf 3.2


• pDrHcefYcGJrSK qdkif&m &nf&G,fcsufrsm; jzpfxGef;ay:aygufvmrnf/

• &nf&G,fcsufESifYqufpyfonfY tnTef;udef;rsm;? pHcsdefpHnTef;rsm; jzpfxGef;ay:aygufvmrnf/

tqihf (3.c) ? pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;rsm;? Oya'pnf;urf; vdkufemjcif;? b@ma&;ESihf EAFM pDrHcsuf

tNyD;oyfaqmif&Gufjcif;

tqihf 3.3 rS 3.5 txd


• pDrHcefYcGJrSKqdkif&mvkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tm; oabmwlnDjcif;ESifY tqdkygoabmwlnDxm;&SdonfY

vkyfief;aqmif&GufrSKrsm;tm; yg0ifywfowfolrsm;taejzifY rnfuJYodkY vdkufemusifYoHk; &rnfudk

od&Sdrnf/

• pDrHcsufwGif b@ma&;qdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; yg0if&rnf/

• az:jyyg udpö&yfrsm;tm; pkpnf;í EAFM pDrHcsufudktNyD;owfaqmif&GufEdkifrnf/

pwkw¬aeY ( DAY 4 ) aqmif&Gufjcif;ESihfppfaq;jcif;

tqihf (4) ? pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;

tqihf (4.1) ? pnf;urf;ESifYtnDaqmif&Guf? qufoG,f? yg0ifaqmif&Guf


• taumifxnfaz:rnfYvkyfief;pDrHcsuf jzpfxGef;ay:aygufvma&;aqmif&GufedKifrnf/

• EAFM pDrHcsufudk w&m;0ifftwnfjyK csrSwfaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifY rnfodkY t"dyÜg,fzGifYqdkrnfudk

tESpfcsKyfaz:jyedKifrnf/

• qufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[mwpf&yf jzpfxGef;ay:aygufvmrnf/

tajctaetrSefppfaq;jcif; (2)


• EAFM pDrHcsuf taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;\ tajctaet&yfay: ppfaq;edKifrnf/

• taumiftxnfaz:rSKonf EAFM t"durlrsm;ESihf udkufnDrSK&Sdr&Sd udk xnfYoGif;pOf;pm; Edkifrnf?

• vuf&SdwGif ywf0ef;usiftm; taxmufuljyKrSK &Sdae ygovm;udk vufawGUususk ppfaq;Edkifrnf?

• FMU yef;wdkifrsm;ESifYywfoufNyD; tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif tcGihftvrf;rsm;ESifY tuefYtowf rsm;tm;

jyefvnfoHk;oyfedKifrnf/

tqihf (5) ? apmihfMuyfMunhf½SK? tuJjzwfjcif;ESifY oifYovdkajymif;vJ,ljcif;

tqihf 5.1. ESihf 5.2


• yef;wdkifESifY &nf&G,fcsufrsm;a&mufatmif pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;pOfrsm;tm; rnfuJYodkY aumif;rGefatmif

aqmif&Gufrnfudkk apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKEdkifrnf?

• rnfonhft&mudk apmihfMuyfMunhf½SK&rnfudk odvmrnf? bmaMumihf? b,ftcsdef rSmvJ? b,fvdkvJ?

b,folvkyfrSmvJ qdkonfudk em;vnfoabmaygufvmrnf?

• apmifMuyfMunhf½SKaom owif;rsm;? vkyfaqmifcsuftpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk qef;ppf tuJjzwf vmEdkifrnf?

• pDrHcsufudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfí vdkufavQmnDaxGatmif jyifoqifedKifrnf/

yOöraeY ( DAY 5 ) wifjyjcif;? oif,lwwfajrmufrSKudkazmfjyjcif;

oifwef;om;tzGJUvdkuf tcsuftvufwifjy&ef jyifqifjcif;


• FMU tkyfpk EAFM pDrHcsufrsm;udkwifjyNyD;jzpfaernf/

oifwef;om;rsm;rS wifjyjcif;

• FMU tkyfpk EAFM pDrHcsufrsm;udkwifjyNyD;jzpfaernf? odkYr[kwf ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfY tzGJYodkY pDrHcsufESihf

ywfoufonfY enf;vrf;rsm; wifjyNyD;jzpfaernf/

• wifjycsufrsm;tay: wkHYjyefrSKudk &&SdNyD;jzpfaernf?

• tjcm;olrsm;\ wifjycsufrsm;tay: tjyKoabm wkHUjyefrSKrsdK;udk jyKvkyf NyD;jzpfrnf/

oif½dk;nTef;wrf; jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifY wpfOD;csif;pD\ vkyfief;tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;


• þoif½dk;nTef;wrf;rS t"duoif,lrSKudk aqG;aEG;NyD;jzpfrnf?

• vlwpfOD;csif;twGuf vkyfief;pDrHcsufESihf XmetwGuf aemufvmrnfhvkyfief;tqihfrsm;udk a&;qGJ

csrSwfNyD;jzpfrnf/ rlvtvkyf&Sd&modkY jyefoGm;aomtcg aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfonf/

oifwef;tuJjzwfjcif;


• aemufqHk;oifwef;\ tuJjzwfyHkpHrsm;udk jznhfNyD;jzpfvdrhfrnf/

oifwef;NyD;qHk;jcif;ESihf atmifvufrSwfay;tyfjcif;


• oifwef;qif;atmifvufrSwfudk oif&&SdNyd;jzpfvdrhfrnf/

twdkaumufpmvHk;rsm;

APFIC Asia Pacific Fishery Commission

ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations

BOBLME Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project

CBFM Community Based Fisheries Management

CBFMP Community Based Fisheries Management Plan

CCA Climate Change Adaptation

CCRF Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

COASTFISH Sustainable Coastal Fisheries and Poverty Reduction Initiative

CTI Coral Triangle Initiative

CTSP Coral Triangle Support Partnership

EA Ecosystem Approach

EAF Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries

EAFM Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management

EAFM LEAD EAFM Leaders, Executives and Decision Makers (training course)

EBM Ecosystem Based Management

EBFM Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FIP Fisheries Improvement Plan

FMP Fisheries Management Plan

FMU Fisheries Management Unit

GEF Global Environment Facility

ICM Integrated Coastal Management

IOTC Indian Ocean Tuna Commission

IMU Integrated Management Unit

IPB Faculty of Fisheries at Bogor University, Indonesia

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ITQ Individual Transferable Quota

IUU Illegal Unregulated and Unreported

IWM Integrated Watershed Management

LME Large Marine Ecosystem

LMMA Locally Managed Marine Area

MCS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

MPA Marine Protected Area

MSP Marine Spatial Planning

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA

NORAD Norwegian Agency for International Development

PEMSEA Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia

PI Program Integrator

PM&E Planning Monitoring & Evaluation

PSC Project Steering Committee

RFMAC Regional Fisheries Management Advisory Committee

RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organization

SEAFDEC Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Centre

SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Community

TAC Total Allowable Catch

TDA Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

TOT Training of Trainers

TROM Target Resource Oriented Management

TURF Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries

USAID US Agency for International Development

USCTI US Coral Triangle Initiative

Glossary (ynm&yfqdkif&ma0g[m&rsm;)

toHk;tESKef;rsm;\a0g[m&pm&if;

Modules wGif NyHK;aeaomyHkwpfyHkHawGUygu xkdpum;tokH;tESKef;rSm a0g[m& pm&if;wGif &SdaMumif;

azmfñ Tef;onf/

Acidification - tufqpfwdk;vmjcif;

ork'´&mxJ tufqpfwdk;vmjcif;qdkonfrSm ork'´&m\ pH udkavsmhcsaom jzpfpOfudk qkdvdkonf/ Oyrm

avxkxJrS CO2 yifv,fa&xJaysmf0ifjcif;? odkYr[kwf obm0jzpfpOfrsm; t&jzpfap? vlwdkYvkyfaqmifrSK

aMumihfjzpfap? yifv,fa&xJodkY tjcm;"mwkypönf; a&muf&Sdvmjcif; wdkYjzpfonf/ Acidification onf rnfonhf

trSwfrS rnfonhftrSwfodkYjzpfap pH avsmhusjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ (Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution;

http://www. whoi.edu/OCB-OA/page.do?pid=112096).

Adaptive Management - oihfavsmfovdk jyKjyifajymif;vJ,lEd kifaom pDrHcefYcG JrSK

,ciftoHk;jyKcJhaomrl0g'rsm;? usihfpOfrsm;rS&&Sdvmaom tajzrsm;rS oifcef;pm,lí pDrHcefYcGJrSKrl0g'rsm;?

usihfpOfrsm;udk pOfqufrjywfwdk;wufap&ef pepfwus jyKvkyfaom vkyfief;pOf/

Artisanal fishery - wpfEdkifwpfyd kifig;vkyfief;? tao;pm;ig;vkyfief;

orm;½dk;us ½dk;&migzrf;avSrsm;? ig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm;udkd toHk;jyKíaqmif&Gufaom tao;pm; ig;vkyfief;?

(Small scale artisanal fishery udkMunhfyg)/

Benchmark - pHcsdefpHñTef;trSwf

wdkif;wm&efESihfqHk;jzwf&ef ]]pH}} (pHtrSwf)wpfck/ oifrnfodkYoGm;rnf (target) ?oifb,fu vmcJhonf

(baseline) odkYr[kwf oifroGm;vdkaomae&m (limit) wdkYudk azmfjyonf/

Benthic - a&atmufMurf;jyifwGif&S daom

a&xkwpfck\ atmufMurf;jyifwGif&Sdaom odkYr[kwf ywfoufaom/ a&atmufMurf;jyifwGif aexdkif

&SifoefMuaom ouf&Sdrsm;rSm tPÖ0gtpmuGef,ufwGif ta&;BuD;onf? atmufyg rsdK;pdwfwdkYyg0ifonf/

*Pef;rsm;? ausmufykpGefrsm;? c½k? urmponfrsm;? yifv,fa&arSmfyifrsm;? ,if;wdkYudk vlwdkUutpm;tpmtjzpf

odkYr[kwf tjcm;toHk;0ifypönf;tjzpf zrf;,l xkwf,l Muonf/

Biodiversity - ZD0rsdK;pH krs dK;uGJ

tqihftrsdK;rsdK;&Sd rwlnDuGJjym;aom ouf&Sdrsm;/ tqihftaejzihf genes rS ecosystem txd (gene →

species population → community → ecosystem) / Biodiversity qdk&mü pkpkaygif; rsdK;pdwf ta&twGufudk

aygif;½Hkomr[kwf? atmufygo½kyfvu©PmwdkYudkyg xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;onf/ rsdK;wkef;aysmufuG,fjcif;? tcsdKU

rsdK;pdwfavsmhoGm;jcif;? wdk;vmjcif;? tjcm;rsdK;pdwfrsm; 0ifa&mufae&m,ljcif;? rsdK;pyfujym;jzpfoGm;jcif;?

Zmwd&yfajrqkwf,kwfjcif;ESihf a*[aA'pepf jzpfpOf ajymif;vJjcif;/

Biota - ouf&Sdpkpkaygif;

a'owpfck&Sd tyif (flora) ESihf taumif (fauna) tm;vHk;pkpkaygif;? Biota onf ecosystem \

tpdwftydkif; wpfckjzpfonf/ (biotic component ESihf abiotic component owdjyK)/

Capture fisheries - ig;zrf;vkyfief; (zrf;qD;onhfvkyfief;)

obm0twdkif;&Sdaeaom ig;rsm;udk ud&d,mtrsdK;rsdK;? enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzihf zrf;,ljcif;? (Oyrm '½GwfqGJydkuf?

ydkuf? 0dkif;ydkuf? axmifacsmuf(NrH§K;)? twm;tqD;(wm;ykduf)? ig;vkyfief; (fishery) [laom pum;&yfrSm

arG;jrLxm;aom ig;rsm;(aquaculture) odkYr[kwf obm0t½dkif;wGif&Sdaom ig;rsm;udkzrf;,ljcif; (capture

fishery) udkqdkvdkonf/

Climate - &moDOwk

&Snfvsm;aomumvwpfck (yHkpHtm;jzihf ESpf 30)twGif;&Sd rdk;av0otajcae yQrf;rQjcif;jzpfonf/

oifarQmfrSef;onfrSm climate oif&&SdonfrSm weather, (IPCC, 2001)

Climate change - &moDOwkajymif;vJrSK

od&SdawGUjrifEdkifaom &moDOwktajctaeajymif;vJjcif; (Oyrm-pm&if;Z,m;aA' cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;

enf;jzihf) &moDOwkqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;\ yQrf;rQudef; (mean) ESihf odkYr[kwf uJGjym;jcm;em;rSKrsm;\

tajymif;tvJwdkYrSm &Snfvsm;aomtcsdefumvwpfck (&mpkrsm;pGmodkYr[kwf ydkaomumv) wGif jzpfysuf

aeonfudkqdkvdkonf/ (IPCC, 2001)

Climate change Adaptation (CCA) - &moDOwkajymif;vJrSKESih f vdkufavsmnDaxGjyKjyif,ljcif;

&moDOwk tajymif;vJaMumifh communities (ecosystem atmufwpfqifh) rsm;? a*[aA' pepfrsm;u

oihfwifhrQwapaom? tqifajyatmif aqmif&Gufay;aom? tcGihfaumif;&,l apaom? vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

vkyfEdkif&ef ulnDay;aomvkyfief;pOf/

Coastal and marine spatial planning - urf;ajcESih f tP Ö0gjyifa'ot0ef;t0dkif; ({&d,m) pDrHcsuf

urf;ajcESihf tPÖ0ga&jyifwGif vlom;wdkY\ {&d,mtvdkuf? tcsdeftvdkuf vkyfaqmifcsuf rsm;\ ysHUESHUrSK

(tajctae)udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm? pDpOfay;&efjynfolwdkY yg0ifaom vkyfief;jzpfpOf wpfckjzpfonf/ &nf½G,fcsufrSm

a*[aA'? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrSKa&;½SKa'gifh toD;oD;\ &nfrSef;csuf rsm; aygufajrmuf&efjzpfonf/ ,if;udpöudk

oD;oefYEdkifiHa&; jzpfpOfwpfckrSwpfqifh aqmif&Guf&onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif tPÖ0gjyif{&d,m (t0dkif;t0ef;)

pDrHcsuf (MSP) ESihf tjyeftvSef aqmif&Guf&onf/ (Ehler and Douvere, 2009)/

Co-management - yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcG JrSK

ig;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf yifv,furf;ajca'o t&if;tjrpfrsm; pDrHcefYcGJ&efwm0efESihf tmPmrsm;udk

t"duyg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh tpdk;&rsm;Mum; rQa0aqmif&GufMuaom tpDtpOfjzpfí tmPmcGJa0rSK

tqihfqihf yg0ifonf/ (a'o? c½d kif? wdkif;? EdkifiHawmf ponf)/

Code of conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) - wm0efodig;vkyfief;rsm;usihf0wf

ukor*¾ FAO tzGJUBuD;rS a&;qGJcsrSwfxm;onhf apwemh0efxrf;vrf;ñ Tef (rvdkufem rae&r[kwf)

pmtkyfjzpfonf/ ig;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf ig;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk a&&Snfwdk;wuf wnfwHhap&ef rnfuJhodkY

aqmif&Guf&rnfhrlrsm;yg0ifonf/

Community based management (CBM) - a'ocHtzGJUpnf;tajccHaom pDrHcefYcG JrSK

a'ocHrsm;u aqmif&Gufaom pDrHcefYcGJrSKpDrHcsufESihf taumiftxnfazmfrSK wdkYjzpfonf/

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - ZD0rsdK;pH krs dK;uGJnDvmcH (EdkifiHrsm;Mum; oabm wlnDcsuf)

1990 ckESpfwGif usif;ycJhaom Rio Earth Summit wGif EdkifiHaygif; 150 rS acgif;aqmif rsm;u

vufrSwfxdk;cJhMuonf/ a&&SnfwnfwHhaom zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrSK (sustainable development) &&Sda&;jzpfonf/

Biodiversity qdkonfrSm tyifrsm;? taumifrsm;? ouf&Sdrsm;ESihf ,if;wdkY a*[aA'pepfrsm;xuf ydkí

us,fjyefYonfqdkonfudk oabmwlvufcHMuonf/ vlom;wdkYtaMumif;? pm;eyf&du©mvHkNcHKa&;udpö? aq;0g;?

av^a&aumif; av^a&oefY? aexdkifcdkvSHK&m ae&mESihf oefY&Sif;usef;rmaom ywf0efusiftaMumif;udp örsm;

ygyg0ifonf/ (CBD website http:// www.cbd.int/convention/)

Demersal - a&atmufMurf;jyifESih f Murf;jyifteD;ESih f ywfoufaom/

Oyrm - a&atmufMurf;jyifESihf Murf;jyifteD;aeaom ig;rsm; (pelagic tay:,H rsufESmjyif rsm;wGif

aeaomig;rsm;ESihfuGJ)/

Demersal fishery - a&atmufMurf;jyifESih f teD;aeig;rsm;udk zrf;aomig;vkyfief; (Pelagic fishery

ESihfrwl)/

Development - vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;udk wdk;wufaponf/ (atmufwGifMunhfyg)/ owdjyK&ef -

Sustainable development rSm a&&SnfwnfwHh&rnfh development jzpfonf/

Ecological well-being - a*[pepfaumif;rGefa&;/

a*[aA'pepf\ usef;rma&;? ZD0rsdK;pHkrsdK;uGJ? taxmufuljyK taqmufttHkrsm;? ouf&SdwdkY

taetxdkifrsm;? tpmuGef,ufrsm; aumif;rGefonhftajctae/

Ecosystem - a*[pepf

tweftoihfNyD;jynhfpHkaom pepfwpfckjzpfí ,if;pepfwGif tyifrsm;? taumifrsm; (vltygt0if)? micro-

organisms (rsufpdjzihfrjrif&aom ouf&Sdrsm;) oufrJhrsm;? (ouf&Sd tpdwfydkif;rsm;? oufrJhtpdwfydkif;rsm;)

yg0ifaom ywf0ef;usifwpfck jzpfonf/ xdkYtwl ,if;wdkYtm;vHk;tcsif;csif; qufpyfywfoufwkHYjyefrSKrsm;

yg0ifon/ (SPC, 2010)

Ecosystem Approach (EA) - a*[pepf½S Ka'gihfrS csOf;uyfjcif;

ajr? a&ESihf ouf&Sdt&if;tjrpfrsm;udk bufpHkpDrHcefYcGJaom r[mAsL[mwpf&yfjzpfí xdef;odrf;jcif;?

wm&SnfcH&ef toHk;jyKjcif;wdkYudk omwlnDrQ&&Sdap&ef aqmif&Gufay;onf/ (CBD, 2000) / rsm;aomtm;jzihf

a*[aA'pepf tajcjyKpDrHcefYcGJrSKESifh tjyeftvSef a&moHk;onf/

Ecosystem – based management (EBM) - a*[aA'pepftajcjyKpDrHcefYcG JrSK

ZD0aA'qdkif&m? vlrSKa&;qdkif&m? pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tcsufrsm;udk NyD;jynhfpHkaom r[mAsL[m wpfcktwGif;

xnhf0ifpkpnf;ay;aom pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;abmifwpfck jzpfonf/ &nf½G,fcsufrSm obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;

umuG,fa&;? wnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;udk wdk;wufapa&;? ZD0rsdK;pHkrsdK;uGJESihf xkwfvkyfrSKudk wkd;wufapa&;wdkYjzpfonf/

EBM onf a*[aA'pepf taqmufttHk? ,if;pepf\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? t"dujzpfpOfrsm;udk

umuG,fa&;udk tav;ay;aqmif&Gufonf/ oD;oefY a*[aA'pepfwpfcktay:ESihf ,if;pepftay:

oufa&mufrSK trsdK;rsdK;udkvnf; ae&mtajccHí tm½Hkpdkufaqmif&Gufonf/ xdkYtwl pepfrsm;tcsif;csif;

tjyeftvSefqufpufyHk (Oyrm - av? ajr ESihf yifv,frsm;tMum;) wdkYudk uGufuGufuGif;uGif;ay:vGifatmif

&Sif;jyonf/ xdkYtwl a*[aA'qdkif&m? vlrSKa&;qdkif&m? pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&mESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;qdkif&mudk

pkpnf;aqmif&Gufonf/ azmfjyygtcsuftm;vHk;wdkY wpfckay:wpfck jyif;xefaom tjyeftvSef rSDcdkrSK&Sdonfudk

todrSwfjyKonf/ (COMPASS Scientific Consensus Statement) / EBM udk rsm;aomtm;jzihf EA ESihf

tjyeftvSefa&moHk;onf/

Ecosystem approach to fisheries management. EAFM a*[pepftm; tajccHonfY

ig;vkyfief;rsm;pDrHcefYcG JrSK

OD;wnfzrf;qD;onhf rsdK;pdwfrsm; a&&SnfwnfwHha&;twGufom tm½Hkpdkufaom ig;vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJrSK

pepfrsm;rS a&SmifxGufí ydkrdktv;HkpHkaom csOf;uyfrSKjzihf aqmif&Gufaom pDrHcefYcGJrSK pepfjzpfonf/ EAFM onf

a*[pepfaumif;rGefapa&;ESifh vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;wdkYudk ñ SdESKdif;rQway;aom pepfrsm;ESihf qHk;jzwfcsuf

http://www.cbd.int/convention/

csrSwfa&; jzpfpOfodkY OD;wnfonf/ wdk;wufaom tkyfcsKyfrSKabmiftwGif;rS aqmif&Gufonf/ (qdkvdkonfrSm

Sustainable development &&Sd&efvufawGUusaom enf;vrf;wpfckjzpfonf)/ EAFM onf tPÖ0g a*[aA'

pepfrS us,fjyefYaomxkwfvkyfrSK? 0efaqmifrSK tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udk aemifvmrnhf tem*wf rsdK;qufopfwdkU

twGufvnf; xdcdkufrSKr&SdapyJ? ,ckvuf&Sd vlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ rsm;jym;vSaom vdktyfcsuf? vdkvm;csuf

rsm;udkvnf; jznhfqnf;aqmif&Gufay;onf/ (Garcia et al., 2003; FAO, 2003, 2011)/

Ecosystem approach to fisheries management Plan (EAFM Plan) - a*[pepftajccHaom EAFM pDrHcsuf

ydkívufcHEdkifaom? ydkía&&SnfwnfwHhaom? a'ocHwdkUtwGuf ydkítusdK;aus;Zl; &Sdaom ig;vkyfief; wpfck

jzpfvma&;twGuf &nfrSef;csufrsm;? pkaygif;pDrHcefYcGJrSK tpDtpOfrsm;udk tusOf;csKyf azmfjyxm;aom vkyfief;

pDrHcsufabmifwpfckjzpfonf/

Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) a*[aA'pepftajcjyK ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcG JrSK

a*[pepfudktajccHaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSK tpdwfydkif;wpfckjzpfí u@wpfck tay:wGifom

OD;wnfxm;onf/ ig;vkyfief;wdkY\ usef;rma&;ESihf xkwfvkyfrSKwdkYtay: ywf0ef;usifoufa&mufrSKESihf

ig;vkyfief;u tPÖ0ga*[aA' pepfqdkif&m tcsuftm;vHk;ay: oufa&mufrSK (2)ck pvHk;tay: EBFM u

xnYfoGif; pOf;pm;onf/ rMumcP EBFM ukd EAFM ESihf tjyeftvSef a&maxG;oHk;pJGonf/

Ecosystem goods and services a*[pepfxkwfvkyfrSKrsm;ESih f 0efaqmifrSKrsm;

a*[pepfrsm;rS vlwdkY&&Sdaom tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udkqdkvdkonf/ Oyrmrsm; - tpm;tpm ESihf a&&&Sda&;

0efaqmifrSKrsm;? a&BuD;jcif;? a&m*gxdef;csKyfjcif;uJhodkY xdef;csKyfaom 0efaqmifrSKrsm;? ,Ofaus;rSK a&;&m

0efaqmifrSKrsm;? Oyrm- pdwfydkif;qdkif&m? ,Ofaus;rSKqdkif&m tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;? ulnDyHhydk;aom 0efaqmif rSKrsm;?

Oyrm- "mwfajrMoZmrsm;vnfywfjcif;? pGefYypönf;rsm;zsufqD;ypfjcif; - txufyg tcsufrsm;onf urÇmay:&Sd

ouf&SdwdkY\tajctaeudk xdef;odrf;umuG,fay;onf/

Facilitator - tusdK;aqmif&Gufol

tm;vHk;vufcHEdkifaomtajz (&v'f) wpfckck&&Sd&ef vlrsm;tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef qufqH&mwGif (Oyrm-

tpnf;ta0;yGJwpfckwGif) pDrHaqmif&Gufol/

Fish finders - ig;&Smud&d,mrsm;

pD;yGm;jzpf ig;vkyfief;BuD;rsm;wGif ig;tkyfpkrsm;&SmazG&ef toHwkefESKef;jrihf pufud&d,m rsm;udk

oHk;Muonf/ pufud&d,mrS toHudkatmufodkY vTihfxkwfvdkufNyD; a&atmufMurf;jyif odkYr[kwf ig;tkyfpkrS

yJhwifoHjyefvnfonf/ oabFmESihf ig;tkyfpktuGma0;udkvnf; odEdkifonf/ pufud&d,m (2)rsdK;udk oHk;onf/

wpfrsdK;rSm (echo sounder) jzpfí toHonf atmufwnhfwnhfodkYoGm;NyD; a&atmufMurf;jyif odkYr[kwf

ig;tkyfpk&Sd&m a&teufudkazmfjyonf/ (Encyclopedia Britannica; http://global brittanica com/EB

checked/topic/208570/fish-finder) Fisheries management - ig;vkyfief;rsm;pDrHcefYcG JrSK

ig;zrf;&mrS vlom;wdkY&&Sdaom tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; wdk;wufvmap&ef bufpHkvkyfief;pOf wpfckjzpfonf/

atmufygvkyfaqmifcsufwdkYyg0ifonf/ (1) owif;tcsuftvufrsm;pkjcif;? (2) cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;? (3)

pDrHcsufcsjcif;? (4) wdkifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;? (5) qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;? (6) t&if;tjrpfrsm;ae&mcscGJa0jcif;? (7)

ig;vkyfief;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk tkyfcsKyfaomOya' pnf;urf;rsm;a&;qGJcsrSwfjcif;? taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihf

pnf;urf;xdef;jcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ t"du&nf½G,fcsufrSm t&if;tjrpfrsm; xkwfvkyfrSKudk qufvufaqmif&Guf

Edkif&efESihf ig;vkyfief;\ tjcm;aom &nfrSef;csufrsm; aygufajrmuf&efjzpfonf/

Fishery management Unit (FMU) - ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcG JrSK,lepf

ig;vkyfief;rsm;pDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif a*[pepfudktajccHa&; acgif;pOfatmufwGif aqmif&Gufaom

{&d,mwpfck\a*[aA'pepfESihf ig;vkyfief;jzpfonf/ FMU onf oD;oefY ig;vkyfief;wpfck jzpfEdkifonf/ Oyrm

http://global/

- '&GwfqGJydkufvkyfief; ? odkYr[kwf oD;oefYt&if;tjrpfwpfck? Oyrm-ykpGefzrf;jcif;? odkYr[kwf yx0D0if

ae&mwpfck/

Fishery resource - ig;vkyfief;t&if;tjrpf

zrf;aomig;rsm;udkqdkvdkonf/ ig;qdk&mwGif c½k? urmrsm;? ykpGef*Pefrsm;? a&aeowå0grsm;vnf; ygonf/

Fishing right - ig;zrf;cGih f

oD;oefYig;zrf;vkyfief;wpfck aqmif&GufEdkif&ef cGihfjzpfonf/ cGihfqdk&mü e,fajrtoHk;jyKcGihf (territorial use

right TURF) wenf;tm;jzifh qif;&Jaomtao;pm; ig;vkyfief;orm;rsm;twGuf 0ifa&mufzrf;qD;EdkifcGihf jzpfí

0ifa&mufrSK uefYowfonhfpepfygonf/ (Oyrm -ig;zrf;cGihf jyKonhf &ufrsm;? vlwpfOD;csif; ajymif;vGJ

,ledkifaomcGJwrf; (individual transferable quota, ITQ)

Food security - pm;eyf&du ©mzlvHkrSK

yHkrSef&aom? vHkavmufaom tpm&&SdrSK? oihfavsmfaom? vHkavmufaomtpm&&SdrSK? tajccHvdktyfaom

tm[m&&&Sda&;twGuf tpmpm;jcif;? tpmjyKjyifcsufjyKwfjcif; ponfwdkY yg0ifygonf/

Food web - tpmuGef,uf

qufpyfywfouf? rSDwnfaeMuaom tpmuGif;quf (food chains) rsm; pepfudk qdkvdkonf/

Goal - yef;wdkif

yef;wdkifqdkonfrSm pDrHcefYcGJrSKjzihftm;xkwfí a&&SnfwGif&&Sdvdkaom &v'fwpfck jzpfonf/

Good governance - aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfrSK

Governance t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsufudk atmufwGifMunhfyg/ atmufygwdkYyg0ifaom tkyfcsKyfrSK qdkvdkonf/

(1) trsm;oabmwlnDrSK&,ljcif;? (2) yg0ifywfoufvkyfudkifjcif;? (3) wm0ef,ljcif;? (4) yGihfvif;jrifomjcif;?

Oya'? pnf;urf;vdkufemjcif;? (6) jyefvnfwkHYjyefjcif;? (7) rQwjcif;ESihf tm;vHk;yg0ifjcif;? (*)

pGrf;&nfjynhf0jcif;ESihf xda&mufjcif;/

Governance - tkyfcsKyfrSK

Oya'? pnf;urf;rsm;udk csrSwf&efESihf taumifxnfazmf&ef xda&mufaom zGJUpnf;jcif; rsm;ESihf

tpDtpOfrsm;udkqdkvdkonf/ atmufygvkyfaqmifcsufwdkY yg0ifonf/ pDrHjcif;ESihf taumiftxnf azmfjcif;

pepfrsm;? jynfoljynfom;rsm;ESihf tkyfcsKyfaom tzGJUrsm; rdrdwdkYvdkvm;csuf rsm;udk azmfxkwfaomjzpfpOfrsm;?

tzJGUpnf;pepfrsm;? rwlnDrSKrsm;udk ñ SdESdKif;ay;jcif;? w&m;0if vkyfydkifcGihfrsm;udkvkyfí wm0ef0wå&m;twdkif;

aqmif&Gufjcif; ponfwdkYyg0ifonf/ aumif;rGefaom tkyfcsKyfrSKqdk&mwGif pnf;urf;Oya' vdkufem&efESihf

pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;&ef vHkavmufaom t&if;tjrpf (vl? aiG? ypönf;)ESihf vHkavmufaom tpDpOfrsm; &Sdjcif;

wdkYvnf; yg0ifonf/

Habitat – ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;

ig;ESihftjcm; a&t&if;tjrpfouf&Sdrsm; (tyif+taumif) aexdkif&mywf0ef;usifjzpfonf/ ,if; ouf&SdwdkY

ywfvnfESihf ,if;wdkYtay:oufa&mufrSKrsm; tm;vHk;yg0ifonf/ Oyrm-a&t&nftaoG;? Murf;jyif&Sd tyifrsm;?

qufpyfrsdK;pdwfrsm; (tpm&&Sda&;tyg0if)/

Human well-being - vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;

vlYtzGJUtpnf;\ usef;rma&;? ynma&;? pm;eyf&du©mvHkNcHKrSK? EdkifiHa&;toHESihf EdkifiHa&;vTrf;rdk;rSK?

aexdkif&mywf0ef;usif? pD;yGm;a&;vHkNcHKrSKESihf ab;tEå&m,frS vHkNcHKrSKwdkU tm;vHk;\ tajctaeaumif;udk

qdkvdkonf/

Indicator - tñTef;

a*[aA'pepf\ oD;oefYtpdwftydkif;wpf&yf\ vuf&Sdtajctaeudk wdkif;wmaom Variable (trsdK;rsdK;uGJjym;rSKñ Tefjy) wpfck? (Pointer) vufwHwpfck? odkYr[kwf tñ Tef;udef;(index) wpfckjzpfonf/

Benchmark (pHtrSwf) wpfckESifh ESdKif;,SOfaomtcgwGif &nfrSef;csufrsm;ESihf vkyfaqmifcsuf qufpyfrSKudk

indicator uazmfjyonf/

Integrated Management - bufpHkpDrHcefUcG JrSK

pDrHcefYcGJa&;udk cGJjcm;vkyfief;wpfckpDtjzpfvnf;aumif;? rsOf;NydKifyHkpH odkYr[kwf tqihfvdkuf yHkpHjzihf

vnf;aumif;? aqmif&Gufjcif;r[kwfyJ? tm;vHk;NydKifwlESihf twlwuG yl;aygif; aqmif&Gufonfh jzpfpOfjzpfonf/

bufpHk&nfrSef;csufrsm;? yef;wdkifrsm;udk wpfNydKifwnf; aygufajrmufap&efjzpfonf/ yx0D0iftaexm;&

odkYr[kwf pDrHcefYcGJrSK {&d,mt& OD;pm;ay; twdkif;twmay:rlwnfí bufpHkaqmif&Gufonf/ Governance

½SKa'gihfrSMunhfvQif u@aygif; pHkwGif vkyfudkifonfudkqdkvdkonf/

Integrated coastal management (ICM) - urf;&dk;wef;a'obufpHkpDrHcefYcG Ja&;

,if;onf urf;&dk;wef;a'o{&d,mwpfcktm; pDrHcefYcGJ&ef a*[pepf tajccHí aqmif&Gufjcif; jzpfonf/

pOfqufrjywfoGm;aeaom jzpfpOfpepfwpfckjzpfí tPÖ0gjyifESihf urf;&dk;wef;{&d,mwdkYwGif jzpfay:aom

jyóemrsm; (NydKifbufjyóemrsm;) udk pDrHcefYcGJ&ef pepfusaom vkyfief;pOf wpfckjzpfonf/

obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm; trsdK;pHktoHk;jyKjcif;wdkYudk pDrHcefYcGJ&efvnf;yg0ifonf/ ICM \ vufawGU usihfpOfrsm;

taejzihf xda&mufaomtkyfcsKyfrSK? wuf<upGmyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSK? vufawGUusaom ñ§ dESdKif;rSK r[mAsL[mrsm;?

a&&SnfwnfwHhaom aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpfrsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ pGrf;&nfwdk;jr§ihfjcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/ ICM \

pDrHrSK atmufwGif qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwf&mwGif urf;ajcESihf tPÖ0gjyif{&d,mwdkUudk a&&SnftoHk;jyKEdkif&ef

zGHUNzdK;vmap&efESihf umuG,f&efwdkYyg0if onf/

Integrated watershed management (IWM) - a&a0ukef;wef;bufpHkpDrHcefYcG Ja&;

a&t&if;tjrpfrsm; pDrHcefYcGJa&; r[mAsL[mwpf&yf wdk;wufjzpfxGef;vm&ef oihfavsmfaom tvkyf

abmifwpfckjzpfonf/

Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported fishing (IUUF) - w&m;r0ifaom? pnf;urf;rvdkufemjcif;ESih f

owif;yd k Y&efysufuGufaom ig;zrf;jcif;vkyfief;

a'owGif;qdkif&m ig;vkyfief;rsm;pDrHcefYcGJa&;tzGJU (Regional Fisheries Management Organization, RFMO) wGif tzGJU0ifjzpfaom EdkifiHrsm;rS ig;zrf;oabFmrsm;u Oya'udkcsdK;azgufí ig;zrf;jcif;odkYr[kwf EdkifiHwpfck\

a&jyifwGif cGihfjyKcsufr&SdyJzrf;jcif;wdkYonf w&m;r0if ig;zrf;jcif;jzpfonf/ owif;ay;ydkYrSK r&Sdaom

ig;zrf;jcif;qdkonfrSm zrf;rdaomig; (trsdK;tpm;? yrmP) udk oufqdkif&m EdkifiHtmPmydkifodkYr[kwf RFMO odkY

owif;rydkYjcif;? trSeftwdkif; owif;rydkYjcif;wdkY jzpfonf/ rxdef;csKyfaom ig;zrf;jcif; qdkonfrSm EdkifiHr&Sdaom

(razmfjyaom) ig;zrf;oabFmrsm;? RFMO tzGJU0ifEdkifiHrsm;\ tvHudkrvTihfxlxm;aom ig;zrf;oabFmrsm;

jzpfMuí Oya'? pnf;urf;vdkufem&ef rvdk[k ,lqMuonf/ (FAO, 2002)

Large-scale Industrial fishery - pD;yGm;jzpftBuD;pm;ig;zrf;vkyfief;rsm;

BuD;rm;aomig;zrf;oabFmrsm;? BuD;rm;aomig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm;? acwfrDqef;jym;aom enf;pepf?

tm;aumif;aompuf (tif*sif) BuD;rsm;jzihf ig;zrf;jcif; (ig;vkyfief;BuD; tpdwftydkif; wpfcktaejzihf yg0ifonf)

jzpfonf/ ig;zrf;oabFmwdkYudk udk,fwdkifzrf;oluydkifqdkifonf odkYr[kwf ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;u ydkifqdkifonf/

Limited access – vkyfief;aqmif&GufrSK tcGif Ytvrf;? uefYowf{&d,m

t&if;tjrpfxdef;odrf;&ef ig;zrf;avS oabFmrsm;? odkYr[kwf a&vkyfom;rsm;\ ta& twGufudk uefYowf

xm;aom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSK pepfwpfckjzpfonf/

Management goal - pDrHcefYcG JrSKyef;wdkif

vdkvm;aom &v'ftajzwpfckjzpfí us,fjyefYaomoabm&Sdonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf oD;oefY

taMumif;t&mwpfckygonf/ (Oyrm- ywf0ef;usiftwGufyef;wdkif odkYr[kwf a'ocH ig;zrf; olrsm;twGuf

yef;wdkif)? yef;wdkifrsm;udk rsm;aomtm;jzihf ta&wGufyrmPjzihf razmfjyEdkifyg/ atmifjrif&ef tcsdef owfrSwf

csufvnf; &Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ (Vision and objectives Munhf)

Management actions - pDrHcefYcG JrSKvkyfief; aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;

pDrHcefYcGJrSK&nfrSef;csuf&&Sd&ef oD;oefYvkyfaqmifcsufrsm; (xdef;csKyfrSKrsm;) jzpfí ig;zrf;ud&d,m xdef;csKyf

jcif;? ig;zrf;{&d,mESihf tcsdefydwfjcif;^&yfpJjcif;? (MPA Munhf)? ig;zrf;&ef tm;xkwfrSKtay: t0if txGuf

xdef;csKyfjcif;? a*[aA'pepfudk uRrf;usifpGmudkifwG,f ukvm;zefxdk;jcif;? odkYr[kwf tkyfcsKyfrSKvkyfaqmifcsuf

rsm;udk xdef;csKyfjcif;wdkYyg0ifonf/

Mariculture - a&iefa'opdkufysdK;arG;jrLjcif;? tP Ö0gpdkufysdK;arG;jrLjcif;

yifv,fouf&Sdrsm;udk ,if;wdkY\ Zmwd&yfajrwGifvnf;aumif;? ,if;wdkYudk pdkufysdK;^arG;jrL&ef wnfaqmuf

xm;aom ae&m^ypönf;rsm;? Oyrm- a&uefrsm;? avSmiftdrfrsm;? NcHi,frsm;? tumt&efNcHrsm;? wdkifuDBuD;rsm; -

wGifpdkufysdK;^arG;jrLjcif;? pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESihf zrf;qD;xkwfvkyfjcif; (harvest) jzpfonf/ FAO \ pm&if;Z,m; t&

a&owå0g\ b0puf0ef;tpydkif;wGif a&csdKa&iefpyfESihf a&csdKwGif arG;jrLcJhaomfvnf; aemufqHk;tqihf

(zrf;qD;&mwGiff)wGif a&iefwGif arG;jrLygu Mariculture jzpfonf/ (FAO Aquaculture a0g[m&pm&if;)

Marine Protected Area (MPA) - tP Ö0gumuG,f{&d,m

yx0Dtaetxm;t& wduspGmowfrSwfxm;aom ae&mwpfck\obm0? qufpyf a*[aA'pepf

0efaqmifrSKrsm;ESihf ,Ofaus;rSKwefbdk;rsm; (IUCN) udk a&&Snfxdef;odrf;&ef umuG,f jcif;jzpfonf/ w&m;0if

jzpfap? tjcm;xda&mufaomenf;rsm;jzihfjzpfap todtrSwf jyKxm;aom? txl;&nf½G,faqmif&Gufxm;aomESihf

pDrHcefYcGJxm;aom {&d,mwpfckjzpfonf/ MPA wGif tkyfcsKyfrSKyHkpH trsdK;rsdK;yg0ifonf/ (a'ocHrsm;tajcjyK

MPA {&d,m)wdkY twlvHk;0ig;rzrf;&? raumuf& owfrSwfxm;aom yifv,f{&d,myg0ifonf/ (Dudley,

2008; IUCN-WCPA, 2008)

Marine Protected Area Network - tP Ö0gumuG,f{&d,muGef,uf

MPA rsm; umuG,f{&d,mrsm;wdkYudk pkaygif;í yl;wGJaqmif&Gufjcif; NydKifwl aqmif&Guf jcif;wdkY jyKvkyf onf/

MPA pau;t&G,ftrsdK;rsdK;umuG,fonhftqihf(tajctae) trsdK;rsdK; yg0ifonf/ ae&mwpfckpDrS

raqmif&GufEdkifonfh yef;wdkifrsm;udk aygufajrmuf&ef MPA tm;vHk;u pkaygif;? NydKifwlaqmif&Gufonf (IUCN –

WCPA, 2008)

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) - tP Ö0ga&jyiftydkif;tjcm;tvdkuf{&d,m pDrHcsuf

Coastal and marine spatial planning udkMunhfyg/

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) apmihfMuyfMunhf&SKjcif;ESih f qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;

pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk tujJzwfonfh jzpfpOfjzpfí oifYovdkjyKjyifEdkifaom pDrHcefYcGJrSK&&Sda&;

jzpfonf/ yl;aygif; M&E qdkonfrSm yg0ifywfoufolrsm; þvkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifvmjcif;udkac:onf/

Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) - apmihfMuyfMunhf½S K jcif;? xdef;csKyfjcif;ESih f axmufvSrf;jcif;

Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufemap&ef taxGaxGvkyfief;pOfjzpfonf/

Management objective - pDrHcefYcG JrSK&nfrSef;csuf

pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrS rnfonhft&m&&Sdrnfudk &nf½ G,fonf/

Objectives - &nfrSef;csufrsm;

atmifjrif&ef &nfrSef;aomt&mjzpfonf/ wdk;wufrSK? atmifjrifrSKudk wdkif;wmEdkifaom tñ Tef;rsm;ESihf

csdwfqufoihfonf/ &nfrSef;csufudk azmfaqmif&mwGif &v'fonf taygif; (positive) odkYr[kwf tEkwf

(negative) jzpfEdkifonf/ (Vision and goal udkMunfh)

Open access – 0ifa&mufcGih fzGih fxm;jcif;? bHkig;zrf;uGuf

rnfolrqdk ig;zrf;EdkifcGihfay;xm;aom pepfwpfckjzpfí ig;zrf;avSta&twGuf? a&vkyfom;ta&wGuf

uefYowfrxm;yg/

Outcome - tajz? &vm'f

pDrHcefYcGJa&; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;aMumihf ajymif;vJoGm;aomtajctae? pdwfxm;ESihf tjyKtrlwdkYudkk

qdkvdkonf/ &v'f (tajz) wpfckudkk wdkif;wmjcif;jzihf jyefoHk;oyfEdkifonf/ odkYr[kwf tcsdef,lí apmihfMunhf

avhvmjcif;jzihf odEdkifonf/

Pelagic - a&jyif (a&atmufMurf;jyiftay:vTmrS tay:,HtvTmxd)

Pelagic species - yifv,fa& tay:,HtvTmrsm;wGifaeaom rsdK;pdwfrsm;/

Precautionary approach (or principle) – BudKwifumuG,frSKenf;vrf;

a&&SnfwnfwhHaom zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrSK\ us,fjyefYaomabmiftwGif;rS tajccHusaom tpdwftydkif;

wpfckjzpfonf/ ywf0ef;usifysufpD;qHk;½SHK;rSKudk wm;qD;umuG,f&efudpöwGif tvGefqdk;0g;í jyefjyifí r&Edkifaom

ysufpD;qHk;½SHK;jcif; Ncdrf;ajcmufrSKrsm;ESihf &ifqdkif&onhftcgrsdK;wGif odyÜ Howif;tcsuftvufrsm; rjynhfpHkrSKudk

taMumif;jyí vkyf&rnhftvkyf? (tukefoufomrnhf tvkyf) udk aemufodkY ra&TUqdkif;&efjzpfonf/ (UNCED,

1992)

ukvor*¾\ ]]EdkifiHrsm;jzwfausmfwnf&Sdonhf ig;tkyfrsm;ESihf a0;vHpGmtajymif;ta&TYjrihfrm;aom

ig;tkyfrsm;}} nDvmcH (UN 1995) wGif ig;vkyfief;rsm;ESihfywfoufaom rl0g'udk atmifygtwdkif; t"dyÜm,f

owfrSwfonf/

]]owif;tcsufvufrsm;rSm raocsm? ,HkMunfpdwfcszG,fr&Sd? rjynfhpHkaom tcgrsdK;wGif EdkifiHtoD;oD;

wdkYonf ydkíowdxm;&ef vdktyfonf/ ig;rsm;xdef;odrf;jcif;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJjcif;udk aemufodkY a&TUqdkif;&jcif;?

ratmifjrifjzpf&jcif;wdkYrSm odyÜ Howif;tcsuf vufrsm;rjynhfpHk jcif;aMumifh jzpf&onf[k taMumif;rjyoihfyg/

(UN, 1995)

owdxm;csOf;uyfjcif;\ tudkif;tcuf (2) ck (t"dutcsuf 2 ck) rSm

1/ ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif;rvkyfEdkif&jcif;rS owif;tcsufvuf rjynhfpHkrSKaMumihf[k

taMumif;rjy&?

2/ raocsmra&&mrSK&SdonhftcgrsdK;wGif pDrHcefYcGJa&;tvkyfrSm tEå&m,fudkqefYusifaom

(a&SmifvTJaom) tvkyfrsdK; jzpfoihfonf/

Promoting agency - jr §ihfwifaom? OD;aqmifaomXme

oabmw&m;topfwpfckudk tpjyK? OD;aqmif? jr §ihfwifaom Xmewpfckjzpfonf/ ( Oyrm EAFM)

Resilience - jyefvnfemvefxEdkifjcif;? jyef&Sifoefjcif;

a*[pepfwpfckonf vlodkYr[kwf obm0\zdtm;? oufa&mufrSKwdkYaMumifh xdcdkufysufpD;NyD; emvefxí

t"duvkyfief;rsm;jzpfpOfrsm;udk yHkrSefjyefvnfxdef;odrf;Edkifjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ jyefvnfwGef;vSefaomenf;

odkYr[kwf oihfovdkajymif;vJaomenf;jzihf jyefvnf &Sifoefvmjcif; jzpfonf/ (Nystrom and Folke, 2001)

Risk - tE å&m,fjzpfEd kifacs&S daom

jzpfEdkifacsESihf tusdK;qufoabmrsdK;jzpfonf/ tEå&m,ftuJjzwfjcif; (risk assessment) qdkonfrSm

taMumif;t&mwpfck odkYr[kwf pepfwpfcktay: usa&mufonhf (usa&mufrnhf) tEå&m,fudk wGufcsuf?

cefYrSef;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkjzpfpOfwGif tEå&m,f (hazard) wpfckNyD;jyif;xefrSK (oufa&mufrSK) ESihf xdktEå&m,f

jzpfEdkifacswdkYudk &SmazG azmfxkwfonf/

Scoping - e,fy,ftwdkif;twmudk tMurf;zsif;avhvmMunhf½S K jcif;

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;,lepf (FMU) \us,fjyefYaom aemufcHtajcaeudk pOf;pm;^ wdkif;wmonf/

Oyrmtm;jzihf ig;t&if;tjrpfpDrHcsufodkYr[kwf y½dk*sufwpfckaqmif&Guf&ef OD;wnfpOf;pm;&rnfh yx0Dtaexm;?

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;? ig;vkyfief;rsm;? tEå&m,f oufa&muf aeaom ig;Zmwd&yfajrrsm;ESihf jyóemrsm;wdkYudk

tMurf;zsif;Munhf½SK (scope) onf/ (SPC, 2010)

Small-scale artisanal fishery - wpfEdkifwpfyd kiftao;pm;ig;vkyfief;

ig;vkyfief;\ atmufajctpdwftydkif;cGJwpfck jzpfonf/ xdka&vkyfom;wdkYrSm ig;zrf; oabFm^avS

r&SdMuolrsm;? odkYr[kwf ao;i,faomavSom &SdMuolrsm;jzpfí ydkí½d k;&musaom ig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm;udk

oHk;Muonf/ avSrsm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzihf udk,fydkifavSrsm;jzpfMuí pufwyf avSjzpfygu 0rf;xdkifpuf odkYr[kwf

avStjyifwGJuyfxm;aom yJYaxmifpufudk oHk;Muonf/

Stakeholders - yg0ifywfoufolrsm;

Stake (tavmif;tpm;? NydKifyGJwpfckponf) wpfckwGif yg0ifywfoufolwpfOD;? wpfpk? wpfzGJU?

tzGJUtpnf;udk qdkvdkonf/ xdkYjyif vkyfaqmifcsufwpfck odkYr[kwf pDrHcefYcGJrSK qHk;jzwfcsufwpfcktay:

taumif;jzpfap? tqdk;jzpfap oufa&mufapEdkifaomolwpfOD;? wpfpk? wpfzGJU? tzGJpnf; wpfckudk qdkvdkonf/

odkYr[kwf azmfjyygvkyfaqmifcsufwpfck odkYr[kwf pDrHcefYcGJrSKqHk;jzwfcsufwpfckaMumifh taumif;tqdk;

oufa&mufrSK cHpm;&olwpfOD;? wpfzGJU? wpfpk? tzGJUtpnf;wpfckudk qdkvdkonf/

Sustainable development – a&&Snf zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrSK

tem*wfrsdK;qufwdkY\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk xdcdkufrSKr&SdapyJ rsufarSmufumv rsdK;quf\ vdktyfcsuf rsm;udk

jznhfqnf;ay;aom zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrSK (vlom;wdkY\ om,m0ajymrSKudk wdk;wufaprSK) jzpfonf/

Sustainable fisheries management - ig;vkyfief;rsm; a&&SnfwnfwHha&; pDrHcefYcG JrSK

a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrSKudk taxmufuljyKaom ig;vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefUcGJa&;jzpfonf/

Sustainable use - wm&SnfcH&eftoHk;jyKjcif;? xdef;xdef;odrf;odrf;toHk;jyKjcif;

usrf;udk;pm&if;rsm;

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). 2000. Conference of the Parties 5, decision V/6. Nairobi, Kenya, 15-26 May 2000. Available at http://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=7148

Ehler, C. & Douvere, F. 2009. Marine spatial planning: A step-by-step approach toward ecosystembased management (IOC Manual and Guides No. 53, ICAM Dossier No. 6). Paris, France. UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and Man and the Biosphere Programme.

IPCC. 2001. UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Third Assessment Report, Glossary. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/glossary/tar-ipcc-terms-en.pdf

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2006. Millennium Ecosystem Synthesis Reports. Current state and trends assessment Appendix D. Available at: http://maweb.org/en/Synthesis.aspx

Nystrom, M. & Folke, C. 2001. Spatial resilience of coral reefs. Ecosystems 4(5): 12

Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). 2010. A community-based ecosystem approach to fisheries management: guidelines for Pacific Island Countries. Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia. SPC. 54 pp

ig;vkyfief;u@\ csdef;ajcmufrSKESifY jyóemrsm;

Module 1

oifcef;pm\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;

• ig;vkyfief;ESifh qufpyfa*[pepfrsm;wGif &ifqdkifBuHKawGYae&onfY twm;tqD;ESifY

taMumif;t&mtcsuftvufrsm;udk az:xkwfowfrSwf&ef/

oifcef;pmtay:jcHKiHkoHk;oyfjcif;

þtcef;wGif tm&Sypdzdwfa'o ig;vkyfief;u@\ csdef;ajcmufrSKrsm;ESifY taMumif;t&m tcsuftvuf

rsm;ESifY tcsdKYaomqufpyftcGifYtvrf;rsm;udk a,bk,stm;jzifh azmfjyxm;ygonf/ oD;oefYudpö &yfrsm;twGuf

toHk;jyKedKifrnffr[kwfyg/ ¤if; twm;tqD;ESifY taMumif;t&mudk atmufyg acgif;pOf (3) ckjzifh tusOf;csHK;

azmfjy&vQif (1) vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;? (2) aumif;rGefaompDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh (3) a*[pepf

aumif;rGefapa&; - wdkYyif jzpfygonf/ tcsddKYaom udpö&yfrsm;wGif EAFM az:aqmifrSKaMumifY &&SdonfY

tcGifYtvrf;rsm;ESifY qufpyfonfY oD;oefYudpö&yfrsm;ESifY twm;tqD;rsm;tm; pmvHk;apmif;jzifY tav;ay;

az:jyxm;onf/

1/ vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;tay: oufa&mufEdkifrnfh csdef;ajcmufrSKrsm;ESifY taMumif;t&mrsm;

vlOD;a&ESifYpD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI

• tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif vlOD;a&wdk;jrifYvmNyD; tpm;tpmvdktyfcsuf ydkrdkvmonfESifYtrQ ig;pm;oHk;rSK

rsm;vnf; vdktyfvmrnfjzpfygonf/ zGUHNzdK;NyD;EdkifiHrsm;rS ig;rsm;ydkrdkwifydkY&ef vdktyfvmrnfjzpfNyD;

a'owGif;ig;zrf;qD;xkwfvkyfrSKrsm;aMumifY urf;&dk;wef;ESifh a&o,HZmwrsm;tay: zdtm;rsm;pGm

usa&mufvmrnf jzpfygonf/

• pD;yGm;a&;zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufvmjcif;ESifh vlaerIyHkpH ajymif;vJvmjcif;wkdYaMumifhvnf; ig;o,HZmw vdktyfcsuf

jrifhrm;vmrnfjzpfygonf/ wenf;tm;jzifhqdk&aomf ¤if;a'otwGif; ig;vkyfief;u@wGif yg0if

aqmif&GufaeMuonfY a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm; ydkrdktoHk;jyKvmrnf jzpfygonf/ ae&ma'o trsm;pkwGif

ig;zrf;vkyfief; usqif;vmonfESifYtrQ 0ifaiG&&SdrIavsmhenf;vmojzifY ig;vkyfief;onf qGJaqmifrI

r&Sdonfh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;wpfck jzpfvmaeNyDjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh ig;zrf;oabFmrsm;wGif

EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;rS vkyftm;coufomaom a&vkyfom;rsm;udk toHk;jyKum vkyftm;ukefusrI

p&dwfrsm;udk avQmhcs&ef BudK;pm;vmaeMuNyD jzpfygonf/ tusKd;quftaejzifh a&TUajymif;vkyfom;

jyóemrsm;? vkyfom;rsm; qif;&JrItajctaeESifh umvwdktwGif; o,HZmwtoHk;jyKrIrsm; taejzifY

raojcmonfY taetxm;w&yf ay:aygufvmEdkifygonf/

pm;eyf&du©mzlvHkrSK

• urf;&dk;wef;a'owGifaexdkifonfYolrsm;rSm ig;vkyfief;xkwfvkyfrI tay:wGif rsm;pGmrSDcdk ae&onf/

• ig;zrf;qD;rIvkyfief;rsm;onf tuefYtowfwpfckodkY a&muf&SdaeNyD;? pDrHceYfcGJí r&Edkifonfh

tajctaewGif &Sdaeygonf/ EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif vlOD;a&wdk;yGm;vmjcif;ESihf vdktyfcsuf

jrifhwufvmrIwdkYaMumifh ig;o,HZmw ydkrdkxkwfvkyf&ef vsmxm;aomfvnf; rsm;pGmxkwfvkyf&ef

arQmfvifhEkdifrnf r[kwfyg/

• a,bk,stm;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJrItm;enf;NyD;? ig;o,HZmw ydkrdkxkwfvkyf&ef wGef;tm;ay;jcif;rsm;aMumifh

urf;&dk;wef;a'orsm;wGif ydkrdkzrf;qD;vmMuonf (txl;ojzifh w&GwfqGJa&,mOfrsm; ydkrkdrsm;jym;

vmonf)/ xdkYaMumifY ao;i,faomig;rsm;udk ydkrdkzrf;qD; vmMuaMumif;awGY&Sd&onf/ tusKd;quf

taejzifh zrf;qD;&rdaomig;rsm;\ t&nftaoG;ESifht&G,ftpm; usqif;vmum ig;zrf;qD;

xkwfvkyfjcif;rSm arG;jrLa&;tpmtjzpfodkY OD;wnfajymif;vJvmcJhygonf/ þodkYjzifh tao;pm;

ig;vkyfief;u@\ ig;o,HZmwxkwfvkyfrIESifh a*[pepfwdkYudkxdcdkufvmNyD;? ig;rsm;\ t&nftaoG;ESifh

ig;vkyfief;\ rlvtaetxm;odkY jyefvnfa&muf&Sda&; tay:wGifvnf; qdk;usKd;oufa&mufvmEdkifrnf

jzpfygonf/

ig;zrf;vkyfief;rS tusdK;tjrwf&&SdrSK ydkrkdenf;yg;vmjcif;

• pD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufvmjcif;ESifh txdtrdusqif;vmjcif;qdkonfrSm urf;&dK;wef;a'o ig;zrf;

vkyfom;rsm;taejzifY ig;txdtrdESifh0ifaiG&&SdrI a&&SnfwnfwefYap&ef ig;zrf;oGif;tm;pkudk ydkrdk

xnfYoGif; vkyfudkif&rnf jzpfygonf/

usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI tm;enf;jcif;ESifh tdyfcsftdkifADG attdkif'Dtufpf jzpfvG,fjcif;

• &kyf0xÅK ESifYY vlrIpD;yGm;a&;wdkY oD;jcm;jzpfwnfaerIwdkYaMumifh rsm;pGmaoma&vkyfom; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSm

oefY&Sif;aoma&&SdrI? usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrIESifh oefY&Sif;rIwdkYrSm wcgw&H (&Hzef&Hcg) vHkavmufrI

r&SdEdkifyg/ ta&SUawmiftm&Sa'o? a&vkyfom;rsm;\ tdyfcsftdkifAGDydk;ul;pufrIrSm omrefvlrsm;xuf (5)

qrS (10) qxd jrifhwufvQuf&Sdygonf/ xdkif;EdkifiHwGif omrefvlOD;a&\ 1.5% tdyfcsftdkifADG

ul;pufaecsdefwGif a&vkyfom;rsm;\ ul;pufrIrSm 20% xd &Sdaeygonf/ a&vkyfom;rsm;

t&G,frwdkifrD aoqHk;rIrsm;aMumifh tawGUtBuHKA[kokwrsm; qHk;&HI;cJh&NyD; rsKd;qufwpfckNyD;wpfck

o,HZmwrsm;udkaumif;pGm pDrHtkyfcsKyf xdef;odrf;&ef qGJaqmifrIrsm; enf;yg;vm&jcif; jzpfygonf/

usm;^ra&;&m udpö &yfrsm;

• trsKd;orD;rsm;onf ig;ukefacsmxkwfvkyfrIESifh aps;uGufwifydkYjcif;wdkYwGif ta&;ygaom tcef;u@rS

yg0ifvQuf&SdNyD; oEÅmausmufwef;rsm;ESifh urf;eD;a'o a&o,HZmwrsm; &SmazGpkaqmif;&mwGif rsm;pGm

yg0ifvQuf&SdMuygonf/

• pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;pOfrsm;tm; tpysdK;rdwfqufay;jcif;tm;jzifY trsKd;orD;rsm;\ toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;

vkyfief;tay:tusdK;oufa&mufrSK &SdapedKifNyD; 4if;wdkY\rdom;pk tdrfaxmifpk 0ifaiGtwGuf taxmuf

tuljzpfapygonf/

• ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOfudk atmifjrifatmifaqmif&Guf&mwGif trsKd;orD;rsm;\ tjrif (&Iaxmifh)

rSm ta&;ygvSNyD;? • ¤if;wdkY\ axmufcHajymqdkrIESifh ¤ifwdkYtay: vdkufavsm aqmif&GufrI vnf;

vkdtyfygonf/

y#dyu©rsm;

• wkd;wufrsm;jym;vmaom ig;zrf;qD;rIrsm;aMumifh zrf;,l&&SdEdkifaomig;tkyfpkrsm; avsmhenf; usqif;

vmum o,HZmwxkwf,loHk;pGJolrsm;tMum; y#dyu©rsm;jzpfyGm;vmygonf/ txl;ojzifh rdom;pk

wpfydkifwpfEdkif zrf;qD;pm;aomufolrsm;ESifh acwfrDSud&d,mrsm;jzifh tajrmuftrsm; zrf;qD;olrsm;

tMum; y#dyu©rsm;rSm ydkrdkxif&Sm; vmygonf/

• rdom;pkwpfydkifwpfEdkif zrf;qD;pm;aomufolrsm;tMum; y#dyu©rSm xl;xl;jcm;jcm; r&Sdyg/ y#dyu©rsm;rSm

¤if;tkyfpkrsm;wGifomruyJ tjcm;o,HZmwoHk;pGJonfh tkyfpkrsm;jzpfMuaom c&D;oGm;vkyfief;?

a&aMumif;oGm;vmrI? yifv,fwGifpdkufysKd;arG;jrLa&; ESifh urf;&dk;wef;a'o zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;

wdkYtMum;wGifyg y#dyu© jzpfvmMuNyD;? w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m tcGifhtmPm&Sdolrsm;rSm ydkrdkta&;

ygvmrnf jzpfygonf/

• a'ocHa&vkyfom;rsm;ESifh a&TUajymif;oGm;vmaom a&vkyfom;rsm;tMum; y#dyu© rsm;ESihf jynfwGif;

ESifhEkdifiHjcm; ig;zrf;oabFmrsm;tMum; y#dyu©rsm;vnf; jzpfay:rnfjzpfygonf/

enf;ynmwdk;wufvmrIrsm;

• avmifpmudk xda&mufpGmoHk;pGJEkdifjcif;ESifh tif*sifpufudk vG,fulpGmjyKjyifxdef;odrf;Edkifjcif;?

ig;zrf;ydkufrsm; ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmjcif;ESifh vufudkifzkef;ESifh N*dKvfwkenf;ynmrsm;toHk;jyK vmEkdifjcif;

wdkYaMumifh a&vkyfom;rsm;\ urf;eD; urf;a0; ig;zrf;qD;xkwfvkyfrIrSm vGefcJhaom q,fpkESpfrsm;uxuf

wdk;wuf rsm;jym; vmcJhygonf/

• ¤if;wdk;wufvmrIrsm;aMumihf wpfydkifwpfEdkifzrf;qD;olrsm;ESifh pD;yGm;jzpfoabFmrsm;jzifh zrf;qD;olrsm;

tMum; y#dyu©rSm txl;rsm;jym;vmum? urf;eD;a'o yifv,fjyif rsm;wGif ig;tvGeftuRHzrf;qD;rIudk

jzpfapEkdifygrnf/

• acwfrDig;&Smud&d,mrsm; toHk;jyKjcif;ESifh ig;zrf;oabFmrsm;rS awmufyaom tvif;a&mifwdkYudk

toHk;jyKjcif;wdkYaMumifh ig;rsm;udkydkrdk&SmazGEdkifjcif;? qGJaqmifEdkifjcif;wdkY jyKvkyfEdkifum wpfydkifwpfEdkif

zrf;qD;olrsm;udk xdcdkuf epfem apEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/

&moDOwk qdkif&m Ncdrf;ajcmufrI twm;tqD;rsm;tm; BuYHBuYHcHedKifa&;ESifh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f qdkif&m

xdcdkufvG,frSK

• urf;&dk;wef;a'oae vlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSm rkefwdkif;wdkufcwfjcif;ESifh qlemrDponfh obm0ab;

tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdkcdkufrI&SdEdkifygonf/ &moDOwkajymif;vJjcif; ? yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif jrifhwuf

vmjcif;? yifv,fa& tufppfaygufvmjcif;? yifv,fa&pD;aMumif;rsm; ajymif;vJvmjcif;wdkYrSm

urf;&dk;wef;a'o\ tajccH taqmufttHkrsm;udk xdcdkufapEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/ xkdrSwzef pdkufysKd;a&;

xkwfukefrsm; ajymif;vJvmjcif;? a&&&SdrI ajymif;vJvmjcif;wdkYaMumifh a&&SnfwGif ¤if;a'o\

vlrIpD;yGm;a&;pepf wnfNidrfrIudkyg xdcdkufvmEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/

• &moDOwktrsdK;rsdK;ajymif;vJvmonfY jyóemrsm;aMumifY aus;vufa'owGifaeolrsm;\ twnfwus

aexdkifrIudkysufjym;apjcif;? a&Tajymif;aexdkifrIrsm;jym;vmjcif;ESifh aomufoHk;a&&&SdrIponfY tcuftcJ

rsm; qufpyfvQuf&Sdygonf/

2/ pDrHtkyfcsKyfrSKqdkif&m csdefajcmufrSKrsm;ESifY taMumif;t&mrsm;

bHkig;zrf;vkyfief;

• tm&Sypdzdwfa'o\ urf;&dk;wef;a'o ig;vkyfief;rsm;rSm bHkig;zrf;vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&jcif; rsKd;jzpfNyD;?

¤if;ig;vkyfief;twGif; 0ifa&mufvkyfudkif&ef tuefYtowf tenf;i,fom&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif

zGYHNzdK;NyD;EkdifiHtrsm;pkrSm a&vkyfief;o,HZmwrsm; xdef;odrf;&ef tuefYtowfrsm;jzifh csnf;uyf

aqmif&Gufjcif;odkY ajymif;vJ vQuf&Sdygonf/

y#dyu©rsm;udk pOfqufrjywf pDrHcefYcGJjcif;jzifh xkwfvkyfrI wdk;jr§ifhjcif;ESifh 0ifaiG&&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;?

• ukefoG,fa&;ESihfxkwfvkyfrIudk tajccHNyD;? a'oqkdif&mtpdk;&rsm;rS 0ifaiG&&Sdatmif aqmif&Guf&rnf/

xdkYaMumifh ¤if;wdkY\ pnf;rsOf;pepfrSm xkwfvkyfrIwdk;jrifhvmap&ef wGef;tm;ay;jcif;? taxmuftul

ay;jcif;bufodkY OD;wnfvkyfaqmif&rnf jzpfygonf/

• xdkodkYaqmif&Guf&mwGif wpfcgw&Hü vkdtifqErsm;enf;yg;vmum ig;tm;xkwf zrf;qD;rIabmifudk

usOf;ajrmif;vmaponf/ þonfyifvQif o,HZmw a&&SnfpOfqufrjywf xkwf,lrIESifh wdkuf&dkuf

y#dyu©jzpfay:vmygonf/

obm0o,HZmwrsm; pDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif A[dkcsKyfudkifrIavQmhcsjcif;

• tm&Sypdzdwfa'o EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif A[dkcsKyfudkifrIavQmhcsa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf

vmMuonf/ odkY&mwGif ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk pDrHudef;csrSwf vkyfaqmifrI tm;enf;NyD;?

BuHKovkd jyKvkyfvmMuonf/ ta&;BuD;aom tkyfcsKyfrI uGif;qufrsm;udkvnf; xlaxmifxm;jcif;

r&SdMuay/

• a'oqdkif&mtpdk;&rsm;onf ,cktcg ig;vkyfief;ESifh urf;&dk;wef;o,HZmwrsm; pDrHcefYcGJrItwGuf

wm0ef&Sdaomfvnf; tjrifus,frIr&Sdjcif;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrItm;enf;aMumif;

awGY&onf/ odkYr[kwf jyifyrSvmaom jyóemtjzpf azmfjyMuonf/ (Oyrm-e,fpyfjzwfausmf

ig;zrf;qD;rIrsm;? a&TYajymif;oGm;vmaeaom ig;tkyfpkrsm;? &moDOwkajymif;vJrI\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI

rsm;)

EdkifiHa&;ESifh ig;vkyfief;qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm; pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif wajy;nD jzpfap&efESifY umvwdktwGif;

aqmif&GufrnfY pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;

• jrifomonfhatmifjrifrIrsm;r&rSD ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI tpDtpOfrsm;? ig;rsdK;tkyfpkrsm; jyefvnfwdk;yGm;

vmapa&; BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ESifh Oya'^tzGJUtpnf; ajymif;vJrIrsm;rSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm

Mumjrifhrnf jzpfygonf/ atmifjrifrI&&ef vHkavmufaom tcsdefr&rI? uwdysufjcif;rsm; odkYr[kwf

OD;pm;ay; tpDtpOfajymif;vJjcif;rsm; jzpfay:apum pDrHcsufrsm; avsmhyg;Edkifygrnf/

• tcGifhtvrf; a*[pepftajcjyK ig;vkyfief;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIenf;vrf; pDrHcsufzGYHNzdK;vmapjcif;jzifh

tzGJYtpnf;rsm;\ umvwdktjrif? a&&SnfEkdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;tcGifhta&;rsm; &&Sdvmrnf jzpfygonf/

(Oyrm-bwf*swfrsm;udk ESpfpOfpDrHcsuf csaqmif&GufEdkifNyD;? tkyfcsKyfolESifh NrdKUawmf0efrS (2) ESpfrS

(3)ESpfcefYxd tpDtpOf aqmif&GufEdkifygrnf)

• tcGifhtvrf; - a*[pepftajcjyK ig;vkyfief;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIenf;vrf; pDrHcsufESifY apmifhMunfhppfaq;

tuJjzwfjcif;wdkYudk qufpyfaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh a&&SnfpDrHcsuftm; uwdu0wftaejzifY xm;&SdedKifrnf

jzpfNyD; us,fjyefYpGm qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/

taxmuftyHhay;tyfjcif;jzifY r&nf&G,fbJ jzpfay:vmonfU raumif;aom tusKd; qufrsm;

• a&wdkwGif avmifpmqDESifhig;&&SdEkdifrI twuftusrsm;aMumifh ¤if;tMuyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz&Sif;&ef

ig;vkyfief;u@udk pDrHcefYcGJ&ef vkdtyfrnfjzpfygonf/ ¤if;tMuyftwnf;rsm;rSm ig;zrf;qD;

xkwfvkyfjcif;ESifh aiGaMu;axmufyHhaiG\ r&nf&G,faom qdk;usKd;wdkY\ eD;uyfpGm&SdaerIwdkYaMumifh

jzpfygonf/

• rsm;pGmaomtvkyftudkifESifh tajccHtaqmufttHkwdkYrSm pD;yGm;jzpfig;zrf;vkyfief;rsm; ESifh qufpyfvQuf

&SdNyD;? tpdk;&taejzifh a&wdkig;zrf;vkyfief;\ y#dyu©rsm;ajyvnf ap&ef taxmuftyHhay;ygonf/

• ¤if;taxmuftyHhay;rIonf rlvjyóemrsm;udkausmfvGefí xdef;xm;EdkifNyD; ig;tvGeftuRHzrf;qD;rI

(odkY) ig;zrf;oabFmtkyfpkrsm; ydkrdkzrf;qD;rIESifh tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm; wkd;wufrIwdkYudk wdkuf&dkuf

taxmuftuljyKvQuf&Sdygonf/ xif&Sm;onfh OyrmwpfckrSm avmifpmaxmufyHhay;rI yifjzpfonf/

tjcm;aom oG,f0dkufaxmufyHhrIrsm;rSm vlrIb0zlvHka&;ESifh tajccHtaqmufttHk zGHUNzdK; wdk;wufrI

wdkYyifjzpfonf/ ae&mwpfckwGif wpfBudrfcefY a*[pepfyHhydk;rIxuf omvGefaom ig;zrf;qD;jcif;

vkyfief;udk xdef;xm;Ekdkif&ef usKd;aMumif;qDavsmfpGm axmufyHhay;&ygrnf/

o,HZmwpDrHcefYcGJrI tm;enf;jcif;

• A[dkcsKyfudkifrI avQmhcsa&;rl0g'rsm;? a'oqdkif&mtpdk;&rsm;taejzifY urf;&dk;wef;a'o obm0

o,HZmwESihf ig;vkyfief;wdkYudk pDrHcefYcGJ&efwm0ef&Sdonf/ ,if;odkYwm0ef,laqmif&Guf&aom

udpö&yfrsm;wGif a'oqkdif&m ig;vkyfief;&Hk;rsm;onf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrItwGuf tpDtpOfa&;qGJ&ef

vHkavmufaom enf;ynm uRrf;usifrI odkYr[kwf aiGaMu;t&if; tjrpfwdkYr&SdMuay/

• tcGifhtvrf; - a*[pepftajcjyK ig;vkyfief;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIenf;vrf;onf vufawGUusaom

pDrHcsufa&;qGJonfY enf;vrf;w&yfjzpfNyD; a'otajctaeESifY pGrf;aqmif&nfwdkYtwGuf trSefwu,f

vdktyfonfY udpö&yfrsm;tay: OD;pm;ay;tqifY owfrSwfaqmif&GufedKif&ef taxmuftul

jyKedKifrnfjzpfygonf/

• a'oqdkif&m ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIonf tajctaew&yf&yfudk pDpOfzefwD;,ljcif;xuf jyóemrsm;

ay:aygufvmrSom wHkYjyefaqmif&GufavY&Sdygonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm jyóemrsm;udk a&wdkenf;vrf;jzifhom

ajz&Sif;avY&SdNyD; wdrfjrKyfaeaom udpö&yfrsm;tm; udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef pDpOfaqmif&GufavYr&Sdyg/

• tcGifhtvrf; - a*[pepftajcjyK ig;vkyfief;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIenf;vrf;onf wdrfjrKyfaeaom jyóem

rsm;udk &SmazGaz:xkwfNyD; a&&SnfpDrHcsufESifh pDrHcefYcGJrIudkjyKvkyfrnfh tkyfcsKyfrIabmif\ yHkpHudk az:nTef;

ay;Edkifygonf/

t*wdvdkufpm;rIESifh tcaMu;aiG&SmazGjcif;

• ig;vkyfief;u@wGif ig;zrf;vdkifpifESifhcGifYjyKrdefYrsm; (odkY) ig;vkyfief;vkyfydkifcGifYrsm;twGuf w&m;r0if

aiGaMu; ay;aqmifae&aMumif; pGyfpGJcsufrsm; ae&mtESHYjzpfay:vQuf&Sdygonf/

• t*wdvdkufpm;rIjzpfaom w&m;r0ifig;zrf;qD;rIudkcGifhjyKjcif;ESifh w&m;r0ifzrf;qD;&&Sdvmaom ig;rsm;udk

aps;uGufodkYwifydkYa&mif;csjcif;rSm jzpfaeust&mwpfck jzpfonf/

• tcsKdUyHkpHrsm;rSm tvGefodrfarGUeufeJNyD;? Oya'? trdefY? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk ausmfvTm;jcif;

(odkYr[kwf) tpdk;&\rl0g'rS tjrwftpGef;&&Sd&ef arQmfvifhaom udk,fusKd;&Smonfh ig;zrf;qD;rIrsm;?

ukrÜPDrsm;rSvlrsm; vTrf;rdk;vQuf&Sdygonf/

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;

• ig;vkyfief;ESifh urf;&dk;wef;o,HZmwpDrHcefYcGJrIudk qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwf&mwGif a&vkyfom;rsm;ESifh

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; ylaygif;yg0ifrSK vHkavmufrIr&Sday/ ¤if;rSm pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfaqmif&ef

yHhydk;Edkifjcif;r&Sdyg/ ¤if;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk vufawGYvkyfaqmif&mwGif ig;vkyfief;udk t"duxm;vkyfaqmifjcif;

(Oyrm-ig;zrf;ud&d,ma&G;cs,frI twdkif;twmESifh ig;zrf;{&d,mowfrSwfjcif;) (odkYr[kwf) a,bk,s

tm;jzifh tjcm;a*[aA' qdkif&m OD;wnfcsufrsm;udk t"duxm; aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ (Oyrm-

ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJ xdef;odrf;jcif;? ta&;ygaom ig;aeig;xdkifESifY ig;rsKd;pdwfrsm;udk tumtuG,fay;jcif;)

• tcGifhtvrf; - a*[pepftajcjyK ig;vkyfief;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIenf;vrf; wdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmif

&mwGif ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;\ vHkavmufaom yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufrItay:wGif rlwnf

ygonf/ þuJhodkY aqmif&GufcsufrSm qHk;jzwfcsuftusdK;qufaMumifY &&SdvmonfY ydkifqdkifrSKrsm;ESifY

4if;wdkYtay: rsm;pGm taxmuftuljyKEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/

• tcGifhtvrf; - urf;&dk;wef;a'orS ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;wGif rwlnDaom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;

&SdMuygonf/ (Oyrm-ig;zrf;qD;jcif;ESifh ig;o,HZmwxdef;odrf;jcif;)/ ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;rS

tjyKoabm aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh oabmwlnDrQaom vlrIa&;ESifh a*[pepfqdkif&m tusKd;&vm'frsm;

wdk;wuf&&Sd vmrnf jzpfygonf/

• tcGifhtvrf; - tqifhjrifhtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh rl0g'qdkif&m uwdu0wfrsm;

wdk;wuf&&Sdvmum a*[pepftajcjyK ig;vkyfief;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIpDrHcsufESifh tzGJUtpnf;tjzpf

todtrSwfjyKjcif;wdkYudk &&SdedKifrnf jzpfygonf/

ig;vkyfief;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOfrsm;\ zGJYpnf;yHk

• tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif ig;zrf;vkyfief;? a&owÅ0garG;jrLa&;at*sifpDESihf okawoeqdkif&m toufarG;

ynmoifausmif; wuúodkvfponfU BuD;rm;aomtiftm;rsm;&SdNyD;? ¤if;wdkYudk pnf;&Hk;jcif;tm;jzifh ydkí

aumif;rGefaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk ay;pGrf;Ekdifrnf jzpfygonf/

• rarQmfrSef;edKifaom ae&ma'otawmfrsm;rsm;wGif ¤if;vkyfom;tif;tm;rsm;udk vlrIb0zlvHka&;ESifh

0ifaiG&&Sda&;ESifh y#dyu©rsm;udk ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf toHk;jyKMuonf/

• tcGifhtvrf;- pDrHceYfcGJrIonf zdESdyfcHjyóemrsm;udkajz&Sif;&ef tm;xkwfjcif;bufodkY OD;wnfapNyD;?

arQmfvifhxm;ouJhodkY &&SdvmaomtajzrSm tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk tm;wufapNyD; vSHKUaqmfrIudk ay;pGrf;

Ekdkifygonf/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefUcGJrIk vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk odyÜ Henf;us csdefqaqmif&Gufjcif;

• ig;vkyfief;ESifhurf;&dk;wef;o,HZmwpDrHcefYcGJrSKwGif ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;onf ig;vkyfief;qdkif&m

okawoersm;udk wdkuf&dkufoHk;pGJí r&Edkifyg/ rsm;pGmaomokawoeynm&Sifrsm;taejzifY ig;vkyfief;

pDrHcefYcGJrSKtwGuf xda&mufonfYqufEG,frSKudk ray;edKifovdk okawoejyKvkyfonfY ausmif;om;

ausmif;olrsm;taejzifYvnf; OD;wnfcsufxm;aqmif&GufrSKtm;enf;jcif;/

• odyÜHqdkif&mcdkifrmrIr&Sdjcif;ESifh ig;vkyfief;okawoersm;udk vGwfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEdkifrI r&Sdjcif;

wdkYaMumifh a&vkyfom;rsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ ,HkMunfrIudk r&&SdEdkifyg/

• tcGifhtvrf; - ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;jcif;ESifY ig;vkyfief;u@? o,HZmw

pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh odyÜHynmwdkYtMum; ,HkMunfrSKydkrdk&&Sdap&eftwGuf a*[pepftajcjyK ig;vkyfief;qdkif&m

pDrHcefYcGJjcif;rS rlabmifw&yfudk ay;pGrf;Edkifygonf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;

• tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif A[dkcsKyfudkifrI vsifjrefpGmavQmhcsvmjcif;aMumihf A[dktpdk;&rsm;onf o,HZmw

aMumifh y#dyu©jzpfaeaom ae&mrsm;wGif tmPmudkvufvTwfum a'oqkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;odkY

ay;tyf vmMuonf/

• tcGihftvrf; - yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;rSm tay:rSatmufodkY pDrHcefYcGJrIr[kwfaom tjcm;aom a&G;cs,f

enf;vrf;wpfckyif jzpfygonf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf ig;vkyfief;pDrHudef;ESifh tpDtpOf

rsm;wGif wuf<upGmyg0ifaqmif&GufNyD; o,HZmwrsm;udk rnfuJhodkYpDrHcefYcGJrnf rQa0NyD; tusKd;tjrwf

&&Sdatmif rnfodkYaqmif&Gufrnf ponfwdkUudkqHk;jzwfEdkifygrnf/ xdkYaMumifh a'o&Sd o,HZmwoHk;pGJonfh

a'ocHrsm;ESifhtpdk;&rsm;rSm uGJjym;aompD&ifydkifcGifh&SdNyD; tqifhtvdkuf pDrHcefYcGJrI twGuf wm0efESifh

tcGifhtmPmudk cGJa0toHk;jyKEdkifonf/

• y#dyu©pDrHcefYcGJrIrSm yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESifh twl,SOfwGJvQuf&Sdaeygonf/

vdkufemusifYoHk;jcif;ESifY Oya'oufa&mufrSK&Sdap&ef aqmif&Gufjcif;

• Oya'^tmPm ouf&mufrIr&Sdjcif;onf tpysKd;vkyfaqmifonfY vkyfief;&yfrsm;aqmif7Guf&ef

avQmYenf;apedKifNyD; (pD&ifydkifcGifhtwGif;ESifh qufpyfpD&ifydkifcGifhwdkYtMum; ponfY pD&ifydkifcGifY

ESpf&yfvHk;)\ Oya'tmPmoufa&mufapa&; tulnD&&Sdap&ef a'otpdk&taxmuftyHY 7Sdjcif;\

ta&;ygrSKtm; tav;xm;&rnfjzpfygonf/

• &yf&GmtajcjyK pDrHcefYcGJjcif; aqmif&GufrSKrsm;ESifY a'otqifY (Oyrm- c&dkiftqifY) pDrHcefYcGJjcif;

aqmif&GufrSKrsm;onf A[dkcsKyfudkifrIr&SdonfY obm0o,HZmwt&if;tjrpf pDrHcefYcGJrSKtmPmydkif

atmufwGif&SdaMumif; od&Sdxm;&rnfjzpfNyD; tqdkygudp&yfrsm;onf Oya'tmPmatmufwGif

yg0ifjcif;r&Sdyg/ qdkvdkonfrSm ,if;uJYodkYaqmif&GufrSKrsm;onf jypfrSKusL;vGefolrsm;tm; tjypfay;

edKifpGrf; odkYr[kwf Oya'tmPmoufa&mufrSK&Sdjcif;ESifY vdkufemusifYoHk;apjcif;wdkYtwGuf xda&mufrSK

&SdonfY pepfwpfcktaeESifY jzpfedKifacsr&Sdyg/

ig;zrf;qD;ydkifcGifhrsm;

• aumif;pGmowfrSwfxm;NyD; oifhawmfaompepfESifh ig;vkyfief;vkyfydkifcGifY&Sdaom ig;zrf;vkyfief;rS

tusKd;tjrwf rsm;pGm&&SdEdkifygonf/ aocsmaom ig;zrf;qD;jcif;oGif;tm;pkESifY o,HZmw

xkwfvkyfrIonf tcsKd;nDrQNyD; a&vkyfom;ESifh¤if;wdkY\ rdom;pk tpktzGJYrsm;twGuf a&&SnfvHkNcHKrIESifh

tm;qufrIudk ay;pGrf;Edkifum wm0ef,lonfh BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGif (ig;) o,HZmwrsm;udk

a&&SnfpDrHcefYcGJxkwfvkyfEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/

• pD;yGm;a&;tusKd;tjrwftwGuf o,HZmwudk toHk;jyK&mwGif ig;zrf;qD;cGifhudk tajccHjcif;rSm

zGYHNzdK;qJEdkifiHrsm;wGif vufcHEdkifonfh yHkpHwpfckr[kwfyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf wcgw&HwGif

vlrIa&;tusKd;oufa&mufrIrsm;? txl;ojzifh tao;pm;ig;vkyfief;u@&Sd vkyfom;rsm;\vlaerIb0udk

tusKd;oufa&muf apygonf/

• tao;pm;ig;zrf;vkyfief;rsm;\ &ydkifcGifhudk taxmuftyHhay;Edkifaom xda&mufonfh pDrHcefYcGJrIrSm

a'ocHrsm;&ydkifcGifhpepfjzifh jzpfEdkifygonf/ ¤if;pepfrSm qif;&Jonfh tao;pm;ig;zrf;vkyfief;

vkyfudkifaom vkyfom;rsm;\&ydkifcGihfudk tumtuG,fay;NyD;? pD;yGm;jzpfig;zrf;qD;olrsm;\ tusdK;

oufa&mufrI rS twdkif;twmwpfckxd tumtuG,fay;jcif;vnf; jzpfygonf/

• tao;pm;ig;vkyfief;vkyfukdifolrsm;enff;wl odomxif&Sm;pGm aiGaMu;tajrmuftjrm; &if;eSD;jrKyfeSHonfY

pdD;yGm;jzpfig;zrf;vkyfief; vkyfudkifolrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vnf;ywfrSkqkdif&meSifhywfowfí &Sif;vif;

jywfom;onfh ig;zrf;ykdifcGifhqkdif&m owfrSwfcsufrsm;tm; vkyfaqmifxm;&Sd&rnfjzpfNyD; pDrHcefhcGJjcif;

aqmif&GufrSkrsm;tm; vkdufemusifhoHk;rSk&Sdap&ef pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;&rnfjzpfygonf/

• ¤if;wdkYwGifrwlnDaom ig;zrf;qD;ydkifcGifhrsm; &Sdygonf/

o ]e,fajroHk;pGJydkifcGifh} rSm ig;zrf;qD;cGifhudk wpfOD;csif;aomf¤if; tkyfpktvdkufaomf¤if; e,fajr

cGJa0 owfrSwfum vkyfydkifcGifhay;jcif;/

o vkdifpif (odkYr[kwf) cGifYjyKrdefYtay: tajccHí ig;zrf;a&,mOf ta&twGuftwdkif;

ig;zrf;qD;cGifYjyKjcif;/

o tjcm;enf;tm;jzifh ig;zrf;qD;cGifY &ydkifcGifpepf (Oyrm-ig;zrf;qD;&rnfh &ufrsm;) odkYr[kwf

zrf;qD;rIudk xdef;csKyfjcif;ponfwdkYudk pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifh xdef;odrf;&rnfjzpfygonf/

zrf;qD;rIudkxdef;csKyf&mwGif zrf;qD;cGifh&olrsm;u rdrdcGJwrf;tvdkuf pkpkaygif;cGifhjyKzrf;qD;

yrmPudk cGJa0,l &rnfjzpfonf/ (owdjyK&efrSm rsm;jym;vSaom a&vkyfom;rsm;twGuf

taumiftxnfaz:&ef cufcJygrnf/)

• tcsKdUaomEdkifiHrsm;wGif ({&d,m) owfrSwfNyD; ig;zrf;qDrIudk enf;vrf;opfwpfcktjzpf BudK;pm;

vkyfaqmifvmMuaomfvnf; txufaz:jycJhaom enf;vrf;opfrsm;udk jyKvkyfrIenf;yg;vQuf &dSae

ygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh urf;eD;a'owGif rd&dk;zvmenf;jzifh zrf;qD;onfhZHkwGif w&GwfqGJ ig;zrf;

a&,mOfrsm;ESifY 0dkif;ydkufa&,mOfrsm;udk cGihfrjyKoifYyg/ tavQmhay;vGef;jcif;rsm;rSm xda&mufpGm

aqmif&GufEdkifrItwGuf t[efYtwm; jzpfvQuf&Sdygonf/

• ig;zrf;qD;rI&ydkifcGifhyHkpHrsm;rSm rdrdwdkY\ydkifqdkifrItvdkuf tm;enf;csuf tm;omcsufrsm; &SdrnfjzpfNyD;

ae&ma'owpfckESifh wpfck? ig;vkyfief;wpfckESifh wpfcktMum;wGif a*[ 0ef;usif? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh

EdkifiHa&;0ef;usif;wdkY uGJjym;jcm;em;rI &Sdrnfjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh ig;zrf;qD;rI&ydkifcGifhwGif

pepfwckwnf;r&SdyJ tajctae tm;vHk;atmufwGif vkyfaqmif&vdrfhrnf jzpfygonf/ vkdtyfcsufrSm

a,bk,s&nf&G,fcsufESifh oifhawmfatmif zefwD;xm;onfhpepfESifh aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfNyD;? udpö

wpfckcsif;twGuf ae&ma'otvdkuf ESpfck (odkYr[kwf) ESpfckxufydkaom ig;zrf;qD;cGifhyHkpHrsm;udk

toHk;jyK&rnfjzpfygonf/ Oyrm tm;jzifh rd&dk;zvm ig;zrf;qD;jcif;ESifh pD;yGm;jzpfig;zrf;qD;jcif;

ESpfrsKd;vHk;twGuf ZHkowfrSwfjcif; ig;zrf;qD;&rnfhumvESifh &moDydwfyifjcif;ESifh zrf;&rnfhcGJwrf;

owfrSwf jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfygrS rwlnDaom ig;vkyfief;u@rsm;udk xdef;csKyfEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/ o,HZmw

xkwfvkyfrItay: *&kjyKNyD; ig;vkyfief;twGuf &if;ESD;xnfh0ifjcif;ESifh &&Sdvmrnfh tusKd;&vm'fwdkYukd

yl;wGJí xdef;csKyf&rnf jzpfygonf/

• tcGifhtvrf; - ]a*[pepfudktajccHaomig;vkyfief;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrSK} EAFM udk taumiftxnfazmf

aqmif&Guf&ef ig;vkyfief;u@twGif; vkyfudkifcGifYudk cGJa0owfrSwf&efvdkonf/ tcsKdUEdkifiHrsm;wGif

rd&dk;zvm zrf;qD;&ydkifcGifhpepfudk w&m;0ifowfrSwfMuaomfvnf; EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif

&Sif;vif;aom Oya'jyXmef;rIr&SdyJ e,fajroHk;pGJ&ydkifcGifhudk cGJa0owfrSwfMuonf/

• tpdk;&\ A[dkcsKyfudkifrIavQmhcsa&;atmufwGif? a'oqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;rSm ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrI

pDrHcsufudk w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyK vkyfudkifcGifh&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;{&d,mwGif tjcm;olrsm;

0ifa&mufzrf;qD;jcif; rjyKEdkif&ef ¤if;{&d,m\ pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfaqmifjcif; atmufwGif vdkufem&ef om

jzpfonf/

3 / a*[pepfaumif;rGefrSKtay: oufa&mufaeaom twm;tqD;rsm;ESifY taMumif;t&m tcsuf

tvufrsm;/

tm&Sypdzdwfa'o&Sd edKifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif ig;vkyfief;ESifh urf;&dk;wef;a'o o,HZmwrsm;udk

pDrHcefYcGJ&eftwGuf a*[pepfudk taxmuftuljyKrnfh qufpyfaeonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;wGif a&atmuf

Murf;jyif ig;aeig;xdkifae&mrsm;ESifh ywf0ef;usiftajctaewkdYvnf; yg0if&rnfjzpfygonf/ zGHjzdK;qJedkifiHrsm;\

tajccHvdktyfcsuftwGuf yifv,fjyifrS vHkjcHKpdwfcs&aom tpmxkwfvkyfrSI wdk;wufvmonfh tusyf&dkufjcif;udk

aphpyfnSdESk dif;ay;&eftwGuf yifv,fjyif&Sd ig;tkyfpkrsm;\ a&&SnfwnfwHhaerIudk a*[aA't& taxmuf

tuljyK xdef;odrf;onfh pepfwpfck vdktyfrnf jzpfygonf/

ig;vkyfief;o,HZmwtay: tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;

• tm&Sa'owGif ig;xkwfvkyfrIydkrdkaejyD; tm&Sypdzdwfa'owpfckvHk;wGif ydkrdkxkwfvkyf&ef MudK;pm;

tm;xkwfvQuf&Sdygonf/

• tvGeftuRHig;zrf;qD;rIonf pD;yGm;a&;t&ta&;ygonfh ig;tkyfpkESifh &dk;&m,Ofaus;rSKt&

ta&;ygonfY ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm;avsmhenf;vmjcif; aysmufqHk;oGm;jcif;txd OD;wnfjzpfay: vmedkifygonf/

• oufwef;&ifY BuD;rm;aom ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm; (ausmufig;? ig;yg;eD? usLem? yifv,fig;azgif&dk;? ig;ref;)

wdkYudk tvGefUtuRHzrf;qD;jcif;onf tusdL;quftaejzifh atmufajc ESifh a&v,faexdkifaom

ydkíao;i,fNyD; jyefvnfaygufyGm;ESKef;aumif;rGefjrefqefaom ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm; (ig;eDwltkyfpk? ig;ausmndK?

ykZGef? *Pef; ESifh uif;rGef) onf oufwef;&ifYig;rsdK;pdwf rsm;ae&mwGif tpm;xdk;0ifa&muf vmedkif

ygonf/

• zrf;qD;&rdaomig;t&nftaoG;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;t&toHk;0ifrI avsmhenf;vmjcif;aMumifh wefzdk;enf;

ig;rsm;ESifh vlBudKufenf;onfhig;rsm;udkyg zrf;qD;vmMuygonf/ tcsdKUaom a'orsm;wGif w&GwfqGJ

ig;zrf;jcif;rS ygvmaom wefzdk;enf;ig;rsm;udk pGefypfMuaomfvnf; tm&Sydpdzdwfa'owGif arG;jrLa&;

tpmtjzpf toHk;jyK&ef rsm;pGmvdktyfvQuf&Sdygonf/ w&GwfqGJig;vkyfief;\ tjrwftpGef;rSm

txufaz:jyyg arG;jrLa&;tpm xkwfvkyfjcif;wGif rsm;pGmrlwnfvQuf&Sdaeygonf/

• tcGifhtvrf; - a&wkdpD;yGm;a&;vkdtyfrSKrsm;eSifh ,SOfwGJí &Skjrifrnfqkdygu a&&SnfwnfwHhrSK&Sddaprnfh

ig;vkyfief;&yfjzpfay:a&;twGuf &nf&G,fvkyfaqmifonfh EAFM onf twm;tqD;tjzpf tajctae

wpf&yftm; jzpfay:cGifh jyKaprnfjzpfygonf/ tay;t,lvkyfjcif;jzifh &&Sdaom oabmwlnDcsufonf

tqkdygaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tm; vkdufemusifhoHk;rSK wkd;jrSifhapekdifjcif;(okdU) xdckdufrSkavsmhcsekdifrnfh

aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;okdh a&muf&Sdapekdifrnf jzpfygonf/

a*[pepftay: tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;

• a*[pepfwpfcktwGif;&Sd ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm; yg0ifzGJUpnf;yHkajymif;vJvmrIudk txufwGif az:jycJhNyD;

jzpfygonf/

• rdrdOD;wnfzrf;qD;vdkonfh ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm;r[kwfyJ ygvmonfhtjcm;ig;rsm; rsm;pGmxdcdkufysufqD;

vmjcif;rSm ig;vkyfief;u@wGif ta&;ygaom taMumif;t&mwpfck jzpfvmaeygonf/ Oyrmaejzifh

¤if;rsdK;pdwfrsm;rSm yifv,fvdyfrsm;? ig;ref;ESifh ig;vdyfausmufrsm;? tPÖ0gEdkYwdkufowå0grsm; (Oyrm-

vif;ydkifESifha&0uf) jzpfMuygonf/ ig;ref;ESifh ig;vdyfausmufrsm;rSm tawmif (ig;ref;awmif) ESifh

a&,ufrsm; (fins) ukefoG,frItwGuf t"du zrf;qD;cH&aom rsdK;pdwfrsm;jzpfygonf/

• azgufcGJa&;ypönf;toHk;jyKig;zrf;jcif;ESifh w&GwfqGJydkufESifh &ifwGef;ponfh ig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm;udk toHk;jyK

jcif;jzifh ig;rsm;cdkvSHKusufpm;&mae&mrsm;ysufpD;jyD; a*[pepf\yHko@efESifh vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

ajymif;vJvmjcif;ESifh a*[pepfrSvlUtzGJYtpnf;odkY axmufyHhay;EdkifrIrsm; ajymif;vJvmrnfjzpfygonf/

w&GwfqGJydkufjzifh ig;zrf;qD;jcif;jzifh atmufajcMurf;jyifrsm; ysufpD;vmNyD; atmufajcMurf;jyifwGifae

xdkifonfY rsdK;pdwfrsm;yg0ifrI ajymif;vJvmum BuD;xGm;rIjrefaom ausm&dk;rJhow å0grsm;ESifh aygufyGm;rSk

jrefqefaom ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm;rSm ajymif;vJvmaom Murf;jyifae&mrsm;wGif tpm;0ifa&muf vmrnf

jzpfygonf/

• &ifwGef;rsm;rSm a&wdrfESifhurf;eD;a'orsm;twGuf xdcdkufvG,faomaMumifh vufcHEdkifzG,f r&Sdaom

ig;zrf;ud&d,mjzpfonf/ ¤if;ud&d,mrsm;rSm ydkufuGufao;NyD; pD;yGm;a&;t& toHk;0ifrsdK;pdwfrsm;\

om;aygufrsm; zrf;qD;Edkifjcif;aMumifh wpfydkifwpfEdkif ig;zrf;qD;olrsm;tMum; rMumcP y#dyu©

jzpfavh&SdMuygonf/ ¤if;ud&d,mrsm;rSm &&SdvG,faom ud&d,mrsm;jzpfNyD; urf;eD;a&wdrfa'orsm;&Sd

pD;yGm;a&;t& ta&;ygaom rsdK;pdwf (Oyrm-ykpGef) rsm; aexdkifusufpm;&mjzpfonfh yifv,fjrufcif;

rsm;udk xdcdkufEdkifygonf/

• tPÖ0ga*[pepfrsm;rSm odompGmxdcdkufysufpD;ygu rlvtajctaeodkY jyefvnfa&muf&Sd&ef rjzpfEdkif

awmhacs/ a*[pepfrsm;onf tjcm;aom a*[pepftwGuf vlYtzGJYtpnf;rS vkdtyfaomypönf;ESifh

0efaqmifrIrsm;udk ay;pGrf;EdkifcJhonfhtwGuf 4if;tay: xdcdkufrIudkavQmhcsEdkif&efESifh ajymif;vJvmaom

cdkvIHusufpm;&m ae&mESifh ig;tkyfpkrsm;\ a&&SnfwnfwHhEdkifrIudk xdef;odrf;ay;&rnfjzpfygonf/

ig;vkyfief;ESifha*[pepftay:oufa&mufEdkifrnfh tjcm;taMumif;tcsufrsm;

• &moDOwkajymif;vJvmrI? &moDOwktrsdK;rsdK;uGJjym;vmrIESifh ork'&mtwGif; tufppf"gwf jzpfay:rSK

aMumifh yifv,feSifh urf;&kd;wef;a'o a*[pepfrsm; ajymif;vJrIwdkUudk jzpfay:apNyD; ¤if;tjzpf

tysufrsm;rSm vmrnfhESpfrsm; ESifhq,fpkESpfrsm;twGif; ydkjzpfvmEdkifygonf/ xif&Sm;onfhOyrmwpfckrSm

&moDOwk ajymif;vJrIaMumifh yifv,fa& tylcsdefjrifhwufvmum oEÅmausmufwef;rsm;\ rlvt&mifrS

arS;rSdefvGifhjy,fvmjcif;jzpfonf/ tjcm;aom tajymif;tvJrsm;taejzifh jrpf0uRef;ay:ESifh jrpf0a'o

rsm;wGif qm;iefEIef;ajymif;vJvmjcif;? umAGefepf "gwkajymif;vJvmjcif; (tufppf"gwf jzpfay:jcif;)

ponfwdkUjzpfay:vmum tPÖ0ga*[pepfrsm; ajymif;vJvmrnf jzpfygonf/ &moDOwk trsdK;rsdK;

ajymif;vJvmrIaMumifh ZD0rsdK;pHkrsdK;uGJrsm; ajymif;vJvmjcif;? ig;o,HZmw ayg<u,f0rIESifhysHYESHYrI ajymif;vJ

vmjcif;ESifh a*[pepftwGif;&Sd a&aeowÅ0grsm; aexdkifusufpm;&mae&mrsm; ajymif;vJvmjcif;

ponfwdkUaMumifh urf;&dk;wef;a'oae vlUtzGJYtpnf;\ vlrIpD;yGm;a&; tusdK;jzpfxGef;rSkrsm;yg

ajymif;vJoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/

• yifv,fa&tylcsdefajymif;vJjcif;aMumifh ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm; (wlem? ig;ausmndk? uif;rGef)wkdh\ a&GUajymif;

oGm;vm&mvrf;aMumif; ajymif;vJEdkifygonf/ tusdK;quftaejzifh ig;zrf;qD;olrsm;rSm ae&majymif;

a&TUzrf;qD;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) aps;uGufvdktyfcsuft& zrf;qD;olrsm;\ zrf;qD;rSKqkdkif&mOD;wnfrSKrsm;

ajymif;vJjzpfay:vmEdkifygonf/ • pdkufysdK;ajr{&d,mcsJUxGifrSKESifh jrdKUjyzGHYNzdK;rSK aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYaMumifhvnf; urf;&dk;wef;a'orsm;\ ig;?

ykpGefo,HZmw aexkdifusufpm;&m ae&mrsm; aysmufqHk;vmaejcif;rSm odomxif&Sm;vmygonf/

rxif&Sm;vSaom tusdK; oufa&mufrIwpfckudk azmfjy&vSsif uef;&dk;wef;a'o zGHYjzdK;rIjyKvkyfjcif;tm;jzifh

MoZm"gwfyg0ifrSKvGefuJonfh pGefYypfa&rsm;wdk;í pD;0ifvmjyD; yifv,fvdyfrsm; Ocs&m oJaomifurf;ajc

rsm;udk xdcdkufEdkifygonf/ • urf;a0;ow¬Kwl;azmfa&; vkyfief;rSmvnf; pdwf0ifpm;rI jrifhwufvmvQuf &Sdygonf/ (tm&Sypdzdwf

a'owGif oHjzLESifh aMu;eDwl;azmfa&;? oEÅmausmufwef; wl;azmfa&;vkyfief; a&S;,cifuwnf;u&SdcJh)

4if;vkyfief;rsm;rS tusdK;oufa&mufrItaejzifh tenfydkYcsjcif;ESifh oHjzLESifhaMu;eDow¬Krsm; xkwfvTwf

jcif; wdkYaMumifh urf;&dk;wef;a'o ig;? ykpGefrsm; cdkvIH usufpm;&mae&mrsm; ysufpD;rI jzpfay:vmonf/ • pdkufysdK;a&;wdk;csJYvmjcif;? urf;&dk;wef;a'o vlOD;a&wdk;yGm;vmjcif;wdkYaMumifh atmf*Jepf ypönf;rsm;

pD;0ifrIESifh a&xknpfnrf;rIydkí jzpfay:vmaeygonf/ • tcGifhtvrf;- txufazmfjyyg jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&ef ig;vkyfief;u@tjyif tjcm;u@ rsm;uyg

yg0ifajz&Sif;&efvdktyfjyD; EAFM onf tjyKoabmaqmif tajz&SmrIrsm;udk jyKvkyfum tqdk;qHk;

tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk avQmhcs Edkifrnfjzpfygonf/ (Oyrm – vdyfOonfh&moDFESifh om;aygufonfh

&moDwdkYwGif a[mfw,frsm;rS urf;ajcoJaomifodkY usa&mufaom tvif;a&mifrsm;udk avQmhcsapjcif;?

pGefYypftnpftaMu;rsm; oefYpifrIudk wdk;csJjyKvkyfjcif;? ig;? ykpGefom;aygufrsm; cdkvIH&mae&mrsm;wGif

wl;azmfa&;vkyfief;rsm; a&Smif&Sm;jcif;) vkyfief;aqmif&GufrSK - ig;vkyfief;ESifYqufEG,faom a*[pepfqkdif&m taMumif;tcsufrsm;eSifh twm;

tqD;rsm;tm; aqG;aEG;&efeSifh tqkdygaqG;aEG;rSKrsm;tm; aemifwGifvkyfaqmifrnfh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrSKtwGuf

xdef;odrf;xm;&Sd&ef/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh a*[pepftajcjyKjcif;

Module 2


• ig;zrf;vkyfief;wGif &ifqdkifae&aom twm;tqD;? jcdrf;ajcmufrSKrsm;? jyóemrsm;udk

ajz&Sif;&ef pDrHcefYcGJrSK enf;vrf;topfjzifY csOf;uyf&efvdktyfaMumif; em;vnf

oabmayguf&ef/

• a*[pepfonf vlYtzGJYtpnf;tm; rnfodkUrnfyHk tusdK;jyKaMumif; todtrSwfjyK

vuffcH&ef/

• a*[pepftajcjyKukdifwG,fajz&Sif;onfhenf;vrf;(EA) oabmw&m;udkod&Sd&ef/

• EA toHk;jyKjcif;jzifY &&SdaomtcsdKUaom tusdK;aus;Zl;ukd az:jy&ef/

oifcef;pmtay:NcHKiHkoHk;oyfcsuf

þoifcef;pmwGif obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm; pDrHcefUcGJ&eftwGufa*[pepf tajcjyK ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;onfh

enf;vrf; vkdtyfaMumif;eSifh ywfowfí&Sif;vif;jyxm;ygonf/ yxrOD;pGm ykdrkdxda&mufrSK&Sdonfh ig;vkyfief;pDrH

cefUcGJrSKjzpfapa&;twGuf usdK;aMumif;azmfjycsufeSifh qufpyfpOf;pm;&rnfh tajctaewkdUtm; yg0ifxnfhoGif;

xm;ygonf/ a'owGif;vuf&Sdwnf&Sdaeonfh ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefUcGJrSKqkdif&m pHjyKekdifavmufonfh xl;jcm;aom

vu©Pmrsm;eSifh ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefUcGJa&;qkdif&m rwlnDaomtajccHoabmw&m;rsm;tm; azmfjyxm;&Sdygonf/

aemufqHk;taejzifh a*[pepffyHHhykd;ay;rSKaMumifh &&SdonfhtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;(ukefypönf;eSifh0efaqmifrSKvkyfief;rsm;)

tay:wGif vTrf;NcHKazmfjyxm;NyD; vuf&Sdig;vkyfief;qkdif&mpDrHcefUcGJrSK\ pdefac:rSKrsm;tm; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef

(EA)rS rnfodkUrnfyHk ulnDyHhykd;edkifaMumif;&Sif;vif;jyoxm;ygonf/

1/ ed'gef;ESifh qufpyfrIpOf;pm;&rnfY tajctae

ig;vkyfief;onf t"duusNyD; ta&;ygaom vlrSKa&;? pD;yGm;a&;eSifh ,Ofaus;rSKqkdif&m tusdK;aus;Zl;

rsm;tm; taxmuftyhHjyKay;onfh vkyfief;&yfjzpfygonf/ tqkdygig;vkyfief;\ ig;zrf;qD;jcif;vkyfief;eSifh

qufpyfvkyfief;aqmif&GufrSKrsm;wGif cefUrSef;vlOD;a&\ (12.5) oef;cefU tvkyfvkyfukdifvsSuf&SdaeNyD; (2012)

ckeSpf tjynfjynfqkdif&m a&xGufukefa&mif;0,fa&;rS&&Sdonfh cefUrSef;wefzkd;rSm tar&duefa':vm

(60)bDvD,efcefU&Sdygonf/ (2012)ckeSpf ig;zrf;qD;jcif;eSifha&wGifarG;jrLa&;vkyfief;wkdUrS pkpkaygif;xkwfvkyfrSKrSm

wefcsdef (145)oef;&SdNyD; 4if;xkwfvkyfrSKteuf ig;zrf;qD;jcif;rS wefcsdefoef;(90) xkwfvkyfekdifcJhNyD; a&owÅ0g

arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;rS wefcsdef (15)oef;xkwfvkyfekdifcJhygonf/ urÇmha&xGufukefxkwfvkyfrSKwGiftm&S-ypdzdwfa'o

yg0ifrSKrSm ig;zrf;qD;jcif;rS (50) &mckdifeSKef;jzpfNyD; a&owÅ0garG;jrLa&;vkyfief;rS (90)&mckdifeSKef;jzpfygonf/

urÇmay:wGif tm&S-ypdzdwfa'oonf tao;pm; wpfykdifwpfekdif &kdk;&menf;vrf;jzifh vkyfukdifonfh

a&vkyfom;rsm;eSifh arG;jrLa&;vkyfukdifolta&twGuf trsm;qHk;jzpfonfh a'owpfckjzpfygonf/ oef;aygif;rsm;

pGmaom vlom;wkdU\toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rSKonf ig;zrf;qD;jcif;eSifh a&owÅ0garG; jrLa&;vkyfief;&yfwkdU

ay:wGif rSDwnfvSsuf&SdNyD; trsm;pkxJrS tenf;i,fom 0ifaiGykdrkd&&Sda&;twGuf tjcm;aomvkyfief; vkyfukdifMu

ygonf/ yifv,fig;zrf;vkyfief;eSifh urf;&kd;wef;a'ot&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; rSm;,Gif;pGmpDrHcefUcGJrSKaMumifh urf;&kd;

wef;a'o\ 0ifaiGedrfhusrSKtay: ykdíBuD;rm;pGm xdckdufvQuf&Sdygonf/ ,if;uJhokdUrSm;,Gif;pGm pDrHcefUcGJrSK\

tusdK;oufa&mufrSKaMumifh(ig;zrf;) avSrsm;tm; qdyfurf;eSifh urf;&kd;wef;wpfavQmufwGif &yfem;xm;jcif;?

tvkyfvufrJhrsm;jym;jcif;? tusdK;tjrwf&&SdrSKenf;yg;jcif;(ab;tEÅ&m,f xdckdufedkdifajcrsm;jcif;eSifhtwl) ig;zrf;

c&D;pOfykdrkdMum&Snfjcif;? a&vkyfom;rsm;taejzifh tvkyf&SmazG&efjynfwGif;(okdU) jynfyokdUajymif;a&GUaexkdifjcif;?

a&vkyfom;rsm;taejzifhd a&m*gusa&mufrSKaMumifh 4if;wkdU\toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rSKtm; pGefUvGwf&ef twif;

tMuyfckdif;aprSKeSifh &ifqkdifBuHKawGU&jcif;? ukefusp&dwfjrifhwufvmjcif;? tjcm;aomtoHk;jyKolrsm; usL;ausmf0if

a&mufjcif;ponfh udpö&yfrsm;tm; awGUjrif&rnfjzpfygonf/

iwfrGwfaeoltrsm;pkrSm zGHUNzdK;qJedkifiHrsm;wGif aexkdifMuygonf/ a'owGif;edkifiHtrsm;tjym;onf vlrSK

pD;yGm;wkd;wufjzpfxGef;rSK rsm;jym;vmjcif;aMumifh vGefcJhonfh(2)eSpfcefUrS vlOD;a& (739) oef;rS (563) oef;txd

(30)&mckdifeSKef;cefUavsmenf;cJhaomfvnf; urÇmay:wGif tm&Sa'oonf iwfrGwfjcif;eSifh tm[m& jynfh0pGm

r&&Sdonfhta&twGuf trsm;qHk;tjzpf OD;aqmifvQuf&Sdygonf/ vlOD;a&wkd;yGm;rSK&Sdaeaomfvnf; a'owGif;

tm[m&jynfh0rSKr&&Sdonfh ysHUeSHUrSK(24)&mckdifeSKef;rS (14)&mckdifeSKef;txd usqif;vmygonf/ y&kddwdef;? r&Sdrjzpf

vkdtyfonfhtqDtufppf ADwmrifeSifh owÅK"gwfrsm; aygrsm;pGmyg0ifonfh ig;eSifh tjcm;aom a&xGufukef

rsm;tm; yHhykd;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh iwfrGwfjcif;eSifh tm[m&csdKUwJhjcif;wkdUtay: &Sif;vif;z,f&Sm;ekdif&ef

wpfurÇmvHk;\ BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrSKjzifh ig;vkyfieff;onf ta&;ygonfh tcef;u@rS yg0ifvQuf&Sdygonf/

(2010)ckeSpf urÇmhvlOD;a&\ owÅ0grS&&Saom y&kdwdef;"gwfpm;oHk;jcif;wGif ig;rS (17)&mckdifeSKef; yg0ifNyD;

pkpkaygif; y&kdwdef;pm;oHk; rSKwGif ig;rS (6.5)&mckdifeSKef; yg0ifygonf/ wpfurÇmvHk;taejzifh vloef;aygif;

(3)axmifwGif owÅ0grS&&Sdonfh y&kdwdef;pm;oHk;rSK (2)&mckdifeSKef;onf ig;rSjzpfNyD; vloef;aygif; (4.3) axmif

(15)&mckdifeSKef;onfvnf; tqkdygy&kdwdef;tm; ig;rS&&Sdygonf/

zHGUNzdK;qJEdkifiHrsm;wGif ig;eSifha&xGufukefypönf;rsm;onf owÅ0grS&&Sdonfh vufoifhcHekdifaom y&kdwdef;

t&if;tjrpfjzpfNyD; tqkdyg y&kdwdef;onf tjcm;aom owÅ0grS&&dSaom y&kdwdef;xufaps;oufomonf omru

eSpfoufpGmpm;oHk;avh&SdMuNyD; xkdokdUpm;oHk;&mwGif a'oeSifh &kd;&mcsufenf;jyKwfenf;rsm;onfvnf; wpfpdwf

wpfa'otjzpf yg0ifygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf? uarÇm'D;,m;? *gem? *rfAD,m? tif'kdeD;&Sm;?

qD&mvD,Gef? oD&dvuFmeSifh uRef;ekdifiHtcsdKUwkdUwGif ig;pm;oHk;jcif;rS&&Sdaom y&kdwdef;rSm (50)&mckdifeSKef;eSifh

txufwGif&Sdygonf/

zHGUNzdK;qJESifhzGUHNzdK;NyD; EkdifiHtcsKdYwdkYwGif 0ifaiGtv,ftvwf&Sdaom vlwef;pm;ESifh 0ifaiGjrifhrm;aom

vlwef;pm; rdom;pkrsm;taejzifY t0vGefjcif;ESifY u,fvkd&Dpm;oHk;rSKvGefuJrSKaMumifY ul;qufa&m*g jzpfyGm;rSK

cHpm;&jcif;? tqdkygtusdK;quftaejzifY ESvHk;a&m*g? qD;csKd? uifqm ponfha&m*grsm;jzpfyGm;vmonfY vlOD;a&

&mcdkifESKef; wlnDonfqdkonfYtcsufrSm txifESifYtjrifvGJrSm;p&maumif;onfY tcsufwpfckjzpfygonf/ tqdkyg

udpö&yftm; udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&efrSm tm[m&"gwfjynfY0pGmyg0ifonfY ig;pm;oHk;jcif;rSm t"dutcef; u@w&yf

taejzifY yg0ifvQuf&Sdygonf/

tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif ig;vkyfief;rSm tvGefta&;ygaomfvnf; pdefac:rIrsm;pGmvnf; &Sdaeygonf/

tm&Sypdzdwfurf&dk;wef;a&jyifwdkYrSm urÇmay:wGif ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJtaygrsm;qHk; ae&mjzpfMuvQuf xkwfvkyfrI

tjrihfqHk;vnf; jzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif q,fpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tvGeftuRH zrf;qD;aerIaMumifh ig;vkyfief;wGif

tajymif;tvJrsm; jzpfvmygonf/ þa'oa&jyif&Sd ig;t&if;tjrpftrsm;pkwdkYrSm BuD;xGm;EIef;jrifhrm;í

oufwrf;wdkaomig; jzpfMuonf/ xkdYtjyif ig;tkyfpktvdkuf ukefcrf;oGm;aom ig;wdkYudk jyefvnfjznfhwif;&ef

jrefqefjcif; (om;aygufEIef; jrifh? BuD;xGm;EIef;jref) &SdMuonf/

ig;zrf;oGif;tm;pkudk uefYowfjcif;? ig;aygufzGm;&Sifoef&mae&mwkdYudk umuG,fjcif;ESifh tjcm;vkdtyf aom

pDrHcefYcGJrIrsKd;udk aqmuf&GufEdkifygu tcdsefwdktwGif;ig;tkyfpkyrmP jyefvnfaumif;rGefvmapekdifrnf jzpfNyD;

tvGeftuRHig;zrf;rIaMumifh xdckdufrSK&Sdaponfh oufwrf;&Snfig;rsdK;pdwfwdkY rlvtwkdif; jyefvnfaumif;

rGGefvmap&ef tcsdefMumjrifhrnfjzpfonfhtjyif xyfrHí pDrHcefUcGJrSKqkdif&maqmif&GufrSKrsm; vkyfaqmif&rnf

jzpfygonf/

ig;rsm;qkwf,kwf&jcif;\ t"dutaMumif;t&if;rSm tpdk;&rsm;ESifh ig;vkyfief;&yf qufpyfeSD;EG,folrsm; onf

xkwfvkyfrSK wkd;wuf&eftwGufom t"dutm&HkpkdufvkyfaqmifMuNyD; a&&SnfzGHUNzdK; wkd;wufrSKqkdif&m

Oya'orsm;eSifh a&&SnfwnfwHhrSK&Sdaprnfh ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefUcGJrSKqkdif&m vufawGUusifhpOfrsm; twnfjyK

csrSwf&ef aES;auG;avh&SdMuygonf/ þodkYjzpf&onfh taMumif;wpfckrSmvnf; þa'o&Sd EdkifiHwdkYrSm zGUHNzdK;rI

jrefqefvmMuNyD; urf&dk;wef;a'oae vlOD;a&rSmvnf; tvGefxlxyfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ vlrsm;pkrSmvnf;

&du©m&&Sda&;ESifh tvkyftudkif &&Sda&;twGuf ig;vkyfief;tay: txl; rSDckd&ygonf/

þysufpD;qkwf,kwfrIudk vspfvsLxm;ygu ig;vkyfief;qufíwnf&Sdrnfjzpfaomfvnf; wpfcsdefwGif

ig;t&if;tjrpf tvGefqkwf,kwfoGm;NyD; vlrIa&; pD;yGm;a&;t& &&SdaomtusKd;rSm &Sdoifhonfxuf

rsm;pGmavsmhenf;oGm;ygrnf/ xkdtcgwGif &du©mzlvHkrIudk xdcdkufjcif;? qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI avsmhcsa&;udkxdcdkufjcif;?

tvkyftudkifzefwD;ay;EdkifrIudk xdcdkufí EdkifiHawmf\0ifaiGudk xdcdkufjcif;wdkY jzpfvmygrnf/ urÇmha'o

trsm;wGif &&Sdaom tawGYtBuHKrsm;t& a*[aA'ysufpD;jcif;udk jyefvnfjyKjyifEdkifí pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rS

xGufvmaom pGefYypfypönf; (ypdzdwfa'orsm;wGif vuf&SdawGY&aom tajctae) udk jyefvnftoHk;jyKEkdif&ef

vkyfaqmifEkdif ygonf/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJjcif; - vQyfwysuftjrif

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;qdkonfrSm a*[pepfrS zrf;,l&&Sdaomig;udk vlom;wdkYtwGuf ydkí tusKd;&Sdap&ef

bufpHkaqmif&Gufjcif;udk qkdvdkygonf/ xkdokdYaqmif&Guf&mwGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifygonf/

(1) owif;tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;

(2) ydkif;jcm;oHk;oyfjcif;

(3) tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;

(4) nSdeSdKif;aqG;aEG;jcif;

(5) qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;

(6) t&if;tjrpfcGJa0owfrSwfjcif;

(7) tpDpOfcsrSwfazmfaqmifjcifeSifh taumiftxnfazmfjcif; - wkYdESifhtwl ig;vkyfief;wGif vdkufem

&rnfh Oya'? pnf;urf;wdkYudk MuyfrSwfaqmif&Gufjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ t"du&nf&G,fcsufrSm o,HZmw

t&if;jrpfrsm; a&&Snfxkwf,l&&Sda&;ESifh tjcm;aomig;vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufonfh &nf&G,fcsufwdkYudk

taumiftxnfaz:jcif; jzpfygonf/

tkyfpkzG JUaqmif&Gufjcif; - oif\tawGYtBuHKay:rlwnfí oifhEdkifiH\ ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIudkaqG;aEG;yg/

txufwGifaz:jycJaom Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm; jyóemrsm;udk xkwfEkwfí (1) vuf&Sd ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrIt&

ajz&Sif;Edkifa&;ESifh (2) tjcm;enf;jzifh ajz&Sif;Ekdifa&;udkaz:jyyg/

þa'owGif ig;vkyfief;wdkYudk u@tvdkuf t"dupDrHuGyfuJMuonf/ wpfzufwGif tjrifhqHk; pD;yGm;a&;

tusKd;jzpfxGef;rI &&Sda&;ESifhtwl ig;tkyfrsm; a&&SnfrQwpGmzrf;qD;a&;twGuf aumif;rGefaompDrHcefYcGJrI

tvGefenf;yg;cJhygonf/ tjcm;aom ig;vkyfief;wdkYwGif pDrHcefcGJrI\ t"du&nf&G,fcsufrSm tjiif;yGm;rIwdkYudk

avsmhcsa&;ESifh pkpkaygif; ig;xkwfvkyfrIudk wdk;jrifha&;omjzpfygonf/

þa'otwGif;&Sd vuf&Sdig;vkyfief;wdkY\ 0daoovu©PmwdkYrSm ……

• owfrSwfrsdK;pdwftay:t"duxm; vkyfaqmifjcif;

• (ig;vkyfief;)u@wpfckwnf;tay:wGif oD;oefUvkyfaqmifjcif;

• pDrHcefYcGJrSKaqmif&Guf&mwGif ig;zrf;qD;rIxdef;csKyfa&;udk t"dutm&Hkpkdufvkyfaqmifjcif;/ (Oyrm- ig;zrf;

ud&d,mowfrSwfjcif;? ig;zrf;e,fajrowfrSwfjcif;)

• ig;tkyfpkyrmPwnf&SdrSKtm; wkdif;wmppfaq;jcif;

• pDrHcefUcGJrSKqkdif&m &nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf ZD0aA'tay:wGifom t"duxm;jcif;/ (Oyrm- xkwfvkyfrSK

wkd;wuf&ef)

ig;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ,if;wdkYudk taxmuftuljyKaom a*[pepfwkdYudk &ifqdkif&aom jcdrf;ajcmufrIESifh

jyóemwdkYudktjrifus,fpGm&IjrifoHk;oyfygu vuf&Sdaqmif&GufaeMuaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIwdkYrS a*[pepfudk

us,fjyefYpGm NcHKiHkEdkifjcif;r&SdaMumif;awGU&ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom a*[pepfwdkYudkyg xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;&ef vkdtyfygonf/ (yHk-2.1)

yHk2.1 / tm&Swdkuf&Sd yHkpHjyK urf;ajca*[aA'pepfwpfck\yHk (FAO EAF Nensen Project rS)

ig;vkyfief;rS a*[aA'pepfodkY ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom yHkjrifuGif;

2 / a*[pepf\ tusdK;aus;Zl;

a*[pepfqdkwmbmvJ

a*[pepfqdkonfrSm tyifrsm;? owÅ0grsm; (vlom;rsm;tygt0if) tPkZD0ouf&Sdrsm;ESihf oufrJh

tpdwftydkif;rsm; yg0ifvQuf rdrdbmom tweftoifhjynfhpHkaom ywf0ef;usifwpfckjzpfí xkd0ef;usifwGif

&SdaeMuaom ouf&SdoufrJhwdkYonf tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef rSDwnfvQuf&SdMuygonf/ (SPC-2010)

od&Sdem;vnf&ef ta&;BuD;onfh tcsufwpfckrSm a*[pepfwpfckwGif&SdMuaom tpdwftykdif;wdkY

(ouf&Sd+oufrJh) onf ywfoufESD;EG,fMuí wpfckwGifjzpfay:aeaom tajymif; tvJonf tjcm;wpfckay:

wGif oufa&mufrI&SdMuygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf yifv,fwGif;tpmuGef,uf\ xdyfqHk;ü&Sdaeaom tom;pm;ig;udk

tvGeftusL; zrf;qD;ygu tpmuGef,uf wpfckvHk;wGif yg0ifaeaom ig;tm;vHk; (ig;ao;? ig;BuD;? tyifpm;?

tom;pm;ig;) udk rsm;pGm xdcdkufEkdifygonf/

a*[pepf\ 0efaqmifrSKeSifh tusKd;aus;Zl;

vlom;wdkYtay: urf;ajcESifh yifv,fa*[pepf\ tusdK;jyKyHkrsm;udk od&Sd&efta&;BuD;ygonf/

þtusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk ]]a*[pepfrS tusdK;jyKonfht&mrsm;} [kac:Edkifí atmufygwdkY yg0ifMuygonf/

• vlwdkYpm;&eftwGuf ig;&&Sdapjcif;

• a&vkyfom;rsm;eSifh a&vkyfief;vkyfukdifonfh aus;&Gmrsm;rS zrf;qD;^arG;jrLa&;rS xkwf,ljcif;/

pDrHjyKjyifjcif;eSifh ukefoG,fa&mif;0,fjcif;tm;jzifh 0ifaiGeSifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKay;ekdifjcif;/

• "avY&dk;&mESifY ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&mtarGtESpfwefbdk;rsm; azmfjyekdifjcif;/

• c&D;oGm;vkyfief;ukefoG,fa&;ESifh ydkYaqmifa&;qdkif&m pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; jzpfxGef;ay:ayguf vm

apjcif;/

• obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fuJYodkYaom tcsdefwdktwGif; &moDOwk trsdK;rsdK;ajymif;vJrIESifY &moDOwk

ajymif;vJjcif;ponfwdkYtm; qefYusifNyD; BuHYBuHYcHeSdKifpGrf;&Sdjcif;ESifY urf;&dk;wef;a'otm; umuG,frSK

jyKedKifjcif;/

a*[pepfrStusdk;jykonfht&mrsm; udk atmufygtwdkif; cGJjcm;owfrSwfavh&Sdonf/

• taxmuftuljyKrI - tyif? owå0g wdkYtwGuf tpmuGef,ufjzpfay:apjcif;?

• &du©mtaxmuftyHhjyKrSk - ig;&&Sdapjcif;? opfukefMurf;? ukefacsm&&Sdapjcif; (yifv,furf;ajc

'Da&awmrS)

• ,Ofaus;rI - tyef;ajztem;,ljcif;? "avY&dk;&mESifY ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&mtarGtESpfwefbdk;rsm;

• xdef;nd§edkifjcif; - obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fuJYodkYaom tcsdefwdktwGif; &moDOwk trsdK;rsdK;ajymif;vJrI ESifY

&moDOwk ajymif;vJjcif;ponfwdkYtm; qefYusifNyD; BuHYBuHYcHeSdKifpGrf;&Sdjcif;ESifY urf;&dk;wef;a'otm;

umuG,frSK jyKedKifjcif;/

ig;vkyfief;&IaxmifhrSMunfhvQif ig;rsKd;pdwfwdkYonf ,if;wkdY\ywf0ef;usifESifh a*[pepf tay:rSDcdk&onf?

ig;zrf;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifhaomfvnf;aumif; vlwdkY\ tjcm;aomaqmif&Guf csufrsm;aMumifh aomf

vnf;aumif;? obm0wGif jzpfvsufaeaom taMumif;t&mrsm;aMumifhaomfvnf;aumif; a*[aA'

pepfudk xdcdkufapygonf- (1) r&nf&G,fxm;aom ig;rsKd;pdwfrsm;udkygzrf;rdjcif;? (2) a&atmuf Murf;jyif&Sd

obm0ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;udkxdcdkufysufpD;jcif;? (3) ig;rsKd;pdwfyg0ifrItcsKd;udk ajymif;vJapjcif; (4) tpm

uGif;qufudk xdcdkufjzwfawmufapjcif;

ig;zrf;jcif;ESifh roufqdkifaomvlwdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; Oyrm pdkufysKd;a&;? opfawmvkyfief;? urf;&dk;wef;

a'ozGHGGYNzdK;a&;? jynfyarG;jrLa&;ig;rsKd;pdwfrsm;ESifh a&m*gydk;rsm;onf a*[pepftjyif ,if;a*[pepf twGif;&Sd

ouf&dSrsm;udkyg xdckdufapEdkifonf/ a*[pepfudk xdcdkufapaom vlom;wdkY\ vkyfaqmifcsufESifh obm0

ab;tEÅ&m,fwdkYaMumifh xdcdkufrIwdkYrSm wpfaeYxufwpfaeYydkrdkqdk;0g;vmonfudk awGY&ygonf/ xdkodkY jzpf&jcif;rSm

vlwdkY\ya,m*aMumifh &moDOwkajymif;vJvmjcif;ESifh ork'´&m a&rsm;wGif tufqpf"gwf ydkvm&jcif;jzpfonf/

3 / a*[pepftajcjyKenf;vrf;ESifh a&&SnfwnfwHhzGHYjzdK;wdk;wufa&;

,cktcg twdkif;twmyrmPrsdK;pHk? u@rsKd;pHkwdkYwGif vufawGYtoHk;csEdkifaom pDrHcefYcGJrI wdkYudk

aqmif&Guf&mwGif a*[pepftajcjyKenf;vrf;udk vufcHvmMuonf/ a*[pepftajcjyKenf;vrf; (EA) udk

a&S;OD;pGm 1980 ESpfOD;rsm;wGifpwif ac:a0:cJhonf/ odkY&mwGif 1992 &D,dk'Da*saES;&dk;NrdKU wGif usif;ycJhaom

Earth Summit ESifhtwl jzpfay:vmaom ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJqdkif&m oabmwlnDcsuf Convention of Biological

Diversity (CBD) wGif EA tawG;ac:udk w&m;0if todtrSwfjyK Muonf/

a*[pepftajcjyKenf;vrf; (EA) udk atmufygtwdkif; t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfygonf/ ]]ajrxk? a&xkESifh

ouf&Sdt&if;tjrpfrsm;udk xdrf;odef;a&;ESifh w&m;rQwpGm Mum&SnftoHk;jyKEdkifa&;twGuf bufaygif;pHk

pDrHcefYcGJonfh r[mAsL[mjzpfygonf/ EA udktoHk;csjcif;jzifh CBD \ &nf&G,fcsuf (3) csufudk xdef;nd§ay;

ygonf/ ,if;wdkYrSm – xdef;odrf;jcif;? wm&SnftoHk;jyKEdkifjcif;? obm0 t&if;tjrpfrsm;rS &&Sdaom tusKd;aus;Zl;

wdkYudk w&m;rQwpGm&&SdMua&;wkdY jzpfonf/

trSeftm;jzifh EA udk a&&SnfwnfwHhzGH YjzdK;wdk;wufa&;aqmif&Guf&ef enf;vrf;wpfck tjzpfvnf;aumif;?

,cifu pD;yGm;a&;zGHYNzdK;rIwpfckwnf;udkom OD;wnfcJhaomrl0g'wdkYudk tpm;xdk;&ef tawG;tac:opf wpf&yf

taejzifh ,lqEdkifygonf/ Brumdland (1987) u a&&SnfwnfwHhzGHYjzdK;wdk;wufa&; udk atmufygtwdkif;

t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfcJhygonf/

]]tem*wfrsKd;qufopfwdkY\ vkdtyfcsufudk rxdcdkufapyJ vuf&SdrsKd;quf\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;

aeaom zGYHNzdK;wdk;wufrIudkqdkvdkonf/}} þodkY owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrSm ]]zGUHNzdK;wdk;wufrI}} qdkonfrSm vlom;b0

om,m0ajyma&;udkay;aom zGUHNzdK;wdk;wufrIjzpfí þzGYHNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsKd;udk wm&SnfcHí xdef;odrf;jcif;jzpfygonf/

qdkvkdonfrSm uREfkyfwdkYonf a*[pepfaumif;rGefapa&;ESifh vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&; (2) ckudk rQwpGm

aqmif&Gufay;&efjzpfonf/ zGHYNzdK;wdkf;wufrIonf t"durSDcdkae&aom obm0t&if;tjrpfudk rxdcdkufap&efESifh

a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;rIudk wm;qD;edkifaom obm0t&if;tjrpfudk tvGeftuRHxkwf,loHk;pGJrIudk a&Smif&efjzpfonf/

vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;ESifh a*[pepfaumif;rGefapa&;udk aumif;rGefaompDrHtkyfcsKyfrIu rQwpGm

aqmif&Gufay;ygonf/ (yHk-2.2)

yHk 2.2 / a&&SnfwnfwHhzGHYjzdK;wdk;wufa&; -a*[pepfaumif;rGefa&;ESifhvlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;udk

aumif;rGefaom tkyfcsKyfrSkjzifh nd§Edkif;aqmif&GufyHk

trsm;uvufcHMuonfrSm well-being (aumif;rGefom,m0ajyma&;) [laom tawG;tac:onf

pepfwpfck (Oyrm a*[pepf? odkYr[kwf vlrIa&;pepf) \ tjctaeudkqdkvdkonf/ Well-being and good

governance wdkY\ oD;oefY&IaxmifhrS t"dyÜg,foufrSwfcsufudk atmufwGifazmfjyygonf/

a*[pepfaumif;rGefapjcif; - tPÖ0ga&jyifESifhurf;&kd;wef; a*[pepft& t"dutcsuf tenf;qHk; 5 csuf

yg0ifonf/

• aumif;rGefaoma*[pepfrS taumif;qHk;a*[aA' ]]xGufukef}} ESifh ]]tusdK;jyKonfht&mrsm;}} udk

&&Sdonf/

• a*[pepf\ cHEdkif&nf&SdrIodkY OD;wnfapaom ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJ

• taxmuftuljyKa*[pepf taqmufttHkESifhouf&SdwdkY ig;aeig;xdkif (a&a0a&vJ{&d,mrsm; yg0if

onf)

• usef;rmaom (a*[aA'&IaxmifhrS) ork'&mrsm;? Uurf;&dk;wef;a'orsm;ESifh a&a0a&vJ{&d,mrsm;

• trsKd;rsdK;aom tajccHtpmxkyfvkyfrIudk tajccHonfhtpmuGef,uf

a*[pepfaumif;rGefa&; udk azmfjyMu&mwGif od&Sdwdkif;wmEdkifaom tcsufrsm;ay:rIwnfí azmfjyMuonf/

Oyrm –

• wnfNidrfíwm&Snfaom a*[pepfudk t"duazmfaqmifay;aom tcsufrsm; - (Oyrm-pdrf;jyma&nSd

aygufyGm;rSkr&Sdjcif;)

• vlom;wdkYaMumifhxdcdkufrSk&SdonfhZHke,frsm;wdk;rvmjcif; odkYr[kwf qkwf,kwf roGm;jcif; (Oyrm –^ rdv’m

a&qdk;wdkYrS xGufaom Edkufx&dk*sif yrmPenf;oGmjcif;)

• ta&;ygaomig;aeig;xdkifawmrsm;rajymif;vJbJyuwdtwdkif;wnf&SdEdkifjcif; (Oyrm yifv,fjrufcif;? )

vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&; - a*[pepftay:rSDcdkaom odkYr[kwf oufa&mufapaom vlom;ESifh

ywfoufonfh tcsufrsm;udk qdkvdkonf/ vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&; aumif;rGefaom b0wpfck&&Sd&eftwGuf

vkdtyfaomaqmif&GufrI? atmifjrifrIwdkYudk azmfnTef;onf/ xkdYtjyif vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&; qdkonfrSm

vlYb0\ &IUaxmifhaygif; axmifhaygif;pHkrS? tajctaeudk oHk;oyfawG;ac:xm;csuf[k vufcHMuonf/

vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;&IUaxmifhaygif;pHk? tcsuftvufaygif;pHkrS tajccHxm;jcif;jzpfojzifh 0ifaiG&dSjcif;

uJhodkY tcsufwpfckwnf;jzifh om,m0ajymrSKudk ay;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ (0ifaiGonf tvGefta&;BuD;aom

tcsufwpfckjzpfaomfvnf; ,if;wpfckwnf;jzifh om,m0ajymrSKudk ray;Edkifyg)

vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&; tcsuf (8) csuf –

• &kyfydkif;qdkif&mvlaerItqifh (0ifaiG? tpm;tpm? "e)

• usef;rma&;

• ynma&;

• udk,fa&;vIyf&Sm;rI (tyef;ajztem;,ljcif;? tvkyfvkyfjcif;)

• EdkifiHa&;t&Sdeft0gESifhtkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&m

• vlrIqufqHa&;ESifY qufqHrSKaumif;rGefa&;

• aexdkif&mywf0ef;usif (vuf&SdESifh tem*wftajctae)

• pD;yGm;a&;t& vHkNcHKrI&Sda&;ESifhvlom;b0 tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&;

azmfjyygtcsufwdkYonf vlom;wdkYb0om,m0ajymrSKudk wkdif;wm&mwGif wpfOD;csif;tjrif? rsufESm

vdkufaomtjrifxuf ausmfvGefíwdkif;wmrSomvsif NyD;NynfhpHkrnf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ ,xmblw usaom

tjrif? vlom;wkdYvGyfvyfrIESifh vGyfvyfpGma&G;cs,frI ponfhwdkYudkyg xnfhoGif;í om,m0ajymrSKudk wdkif;wm

&rnfjzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh rsufESmvdkufaom (aoGzDaom) tjrifESifh ,xmblw usaom tjrifwdkY (2)

ckvHk;aygif;pyfí txufygtcsuf (8) csufudk wdkif;wmoifhonf/

aumif;rGefaom pDrHtkyfcsKyfrI qdkonfrSm Oya'rsm;? pnf;urf;rsm;udk csrSwfEdkif&ef xda&mufcdkifrmaom

tzGJYtpnf;ESifh tpDtrHrsm;&Sdjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ tcef;-4 ? EAFM \ Oya'orsm; wGif aumif;rGefaom

tkyfcsKyfrIudk tao;pdwfazmfjyxm;ygonf/ tusOf;tm;jzifhqdk&vQif aumif;rGefaom tkyfcsKyfrI qdkonfrSm

usef;rmí cHEdkif&nf&Sdaom a*[pepf (vltygt0if) udk wm&SnfwnfjrJ&ef vlwpfOD;csif;tvdkuf?

tzGJYtpnf;tvdkuf? vlYtodkif;t0dkif;tvdkuf wm0ef,lapmifha&Smufjcif;onf aumif;rGefaom tkyfcsKyfrIESifh

ywfoufonf/

a*[pepf tjccHonfhpDrHcefYcGJrI (Ecosystem Based Management -EBM ) udk EA ESifh wpfcgwpf&H

tcsKdUudpörsm;udk t"dyÜg,fwl,lq&ef oHk;Muonf/ odkY&mwGif wpfcgwpf&HrSm EBM udk a*[^ywf0ef;usifwdkY

a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;wGifyg toHkk;jyKMuygonf/

owdjyK&rnfh tcsufrSm EA/EBM wdkYonf u@tvdkufpDrHcefYcGJrIwdkYwGif tpm;xkd;í roHk; Muyg/

Oyrm - ig;vkyfief;ESifh pdkufysKd;a&;pDrHcefYcGJrI? ukefxkwfpufrIvkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? owåKwGif;ESifh

a&eHpDrHcefcGJrIESifh a&aMumif;o,f,lrIvkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrIponf EA/EBM wdkhudk rSefuefpGmoHk;ygu pDrHcefYcGJrI

aygif;pHk yg0ifedkifonf - (1) u@wpfcktwGif;&Sd rwlnDaomudpörsm; Oyrm ouf&Sdt&if;tjrpfwpfckudk

xkwf,ljcif;ESifh ywf0ef;usifay:aygufvmrI (2) u@rsm;pGmyg0ifjcif; (3) jyifyudpöjzpfaom

&moDOwkajymif;vJrIudk xnfhoGif;jcif; ponfwdkYjzpfonf/ (tcef;-15? tqifY 4 MunfYyg)/

rsufESmpHknD pkaygif;ajz&Sif;jcif; vufawGYoifwef; - a*[pepf csOf;uyfrSKudk toHk;csí &&Sdaom

tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udkaz:jyyg/

4 / EA udk toHk;csjcif;tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;

EA aMumifh tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ t"dutusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;rSm –

vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;ESifY a*[pepfaumif;rGefapa&;udkk rQwap&ef nd§EIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;

o ig;vkyfief;&yf ESD;EG,fyg0ifywfowfolrsm; (Stakeholders) wdkY\rwluGJjym;aom OD;pm;ay;

tajctae rsm;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;

o xkwfvkyfrIESifh ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJESifh ouf&SdwdkY\ aexkdifaygufzGm;&mae&mudk umuG,f

apmifha&Smufjcif;/

o tjiif;yGm;rI? wdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk ulnDajz&Sif;ay;jcif;/

• jyKvG,fjyifvG,faom pDrHcefYcGJrIudkay;jcif;? ydkíxda&mufaom urf;&dk;wef;a'o pDrHcefYcGJjcif;udk

taxmuf tuljyKonf/

o tcsuftvufrjynfhpHkaom tajctaewGif toHk;jyKEdkifonf/

• yg0ifywfoufjcif;\ yl;aygif;rIudk wdk;yGm;ap&ef ydkíyGifhvif;jrifomaom pDrHcsufudk azmfaqmifay;jcif;

o urf;&dk;wef;a'ot&if;tjrpfrsm;udk ydkínDwlrQwpGm cGJa0oHk;pGJrIudktm;ay;jcif;

o ,Ofaus;rIESifh tpOfvmwefbdk;rsm;udk todtrSwfjyKjcif;

o tjcm;u@rsm;rS ig;vkyfief;u@udk xdcdkufoufa&mufrIrsm;udk umuG,fay;jcif;

(tjyeftvSefxdcdkufrIudkumuG,fay;jcif;)

• BuD;rm;us,fjyefYí a&&Snfjzpfaomjyóemrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef enf;vrf;&&Sd apjcif; (Oyrm-

&moDOwkajymif;vJrI)

• EdkifiHa&;taxmuftulydkíay;jcif;

o ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;EG,folrsm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;orm;wdkY yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;udk taxmufuljyKjcif;

o aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk yGifhvif;jrifompGm azmfjyjcif;

vlom;wkYdtusKd;twGuf a*[pepfaqmif&GufEdkifrIESifhtwl EA aMumifh&&Sdaom tusKd;aus;Zl;wdkYudk od&Sdvm

Muonfh wpfaeYwGif þa*[aA'pepfrsm;udk tvHk;pHkpDrHcefYcGJonfh enf;vrf;ukd &&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/ (Oyrm -

ig;wpfckwnf;ay: tm&HkjyKrIxuf tvHk;pHkaom udpöay:tm&HkjyKEkdifjcif;) ig;vkyfief;wGif EA toHk;csygu&&Sdonfh

tusKd;aus;Zl;udk aemufvmrnfh tcef; (avhusifhoifMum;a&;,lepf) wGif aqG;aEG; azmfjyxm;ygonf/

EAFM qkdonfrSm rnfonfht&menf;? rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh aqmif&Guf&

oenf;

Module 3


-EAFM qkdonfrSm rnfhonfh t&mjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&ef

-EAFM toHk;csjcif;\ tusKd;aus;Zl;&SdyHkudkazmfjy&ef

- EAFM aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh tjcm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;tm; rnfokdUrnfyHk taxmufuljyK

jcif;tm; &Sif;jy&ef

-vlYtzGJYtpnf;aygif;pHkrS csrSwfxm;onfh &nf&G,fcsufrsm; &SKyfaxG;rSk&SdyHktm;

od&Sdem;vnfap&ef

oifcef;pmtay:NcHKiHkoHk;oyfjcif;

þtcef;wGif EAFM qdkonfrSm ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefUcGJa&;wGif a*[pepftajcjyKenf;vrf;tm;jzifh avhvmrSk

jyKonfht&mjzpfaMumif; &Sif;jyxm;ygonf/ a&&SnfwnfwHhzGHUNzdK;aom ig;vkyfief;jzpfay:apa&;udk taxmuf

tuljyKygonf/ EAFM udk tydkif;(3) ydkif;cGJjcm;Edkifonf - a*[pepfaumif;rGefapa&;? vlom;b0 om,m

0ajyma&;ESifY aumif;rGefaompDrHtkyfcsKyfrIjzpfonfh pDrHcefYcGJrI (3) &yfyg0ifaom ig;vkyfief;? yifv,fjyif?

urf;&kd;weff;a'owdkY pDrHcefYcGJrIwdkYESifhtwl EAFM udk yl;wGJazmfjyxm;onf/ xdkYtjyif EAFM \ rwlnDaom

t"du0daoovu©Pmrsm;tm; rD;armif;xdk; azmfjyxm;ygonf/

1/ EAFM udkt"dyÜg,fowfrSwfjcif;

&dk;&Sif;pGmqdk&vQif EAFM qdkonfrSm ig;vkyfief;wGif toHk;csaom EA jzpfygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh –

EAFM qdkonfrSm –

aumif;rGefaom tkyfcsKyfrSKrSwqifh a*[pepfaumif;rGefapa&;ESifh vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&; (2) ckudk

rQwpGmnd§EIdif;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefUcGJa&;qkdif&m a&&SnfwnfwHhzGY HNzdK;aprnfh pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;

rsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmf&ef vufawGUusonfh enf;vrf;wpfckjzpfygonf/ (EAF net, what is EAFM? rS rSDjirf;ygonf)

EAFM qdkonfrSm OD;wnfxm;aom ig;rsKd;pdwfrsm; a&&Snfzrf;,l&&Sda&;omru a*[pepftwGif;&Sd

ta&;ygaom tpdwftydkif;tm;vHk;udkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;aom enf;jzpfygonf/ xkdjyif EAFM udk toHk;cs

jcif;jzifh vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&; twGufyg tusKd;&Sdapjcif;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;xm;ygonf/ (urÇmhig;vkyfief; vuf&Sd

tajctaeazmfjycsuf? FAO -2012 rS aumufEIwfonf)

EAFM qdkonfrSm ig;vkyfief;udk a*[pepf tajcjyKenf;vrf;jzifh avYvmjcif;jzpfonf/

wpfenf;tm;jzifY ig;vkyfief;pepfwpfck a&&SnfwnfwHYzG H Y jzdK;a&;ESif Ytwl a&&Snf a*[pepf

tusdK;&S dapjcif;udk vufawGYaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf/

Ecosystem qdkaompum;vHk;rSm ig;vkyfief;pepfwpfckudk vlrIa&;pepfESifh a*[pepfwdkYESifh twlwuG

yl;wGJpOf;pmvsuf vlom;wdkYudkvnf; a*[pepf\ r&Sdrjzpfaom tpdwftydkif; wpfcktjzpf pOf;pm;xm;ygonf/

(tcef;-2 ? ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh a*[pepftajcjyKjcif; udkMunfhyg) EAFM \ tESpfom&rSm vlom;b0

om,m0ajymjcif;ESifh a*[pepfaumif;rGefapjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh vlom;wdkYtusKd;twGuf

obm0t&if;tjrpfrS tpm&&Sda&;? 0ifaiG&&Sda&;? tvkyftudkif&&Sda&;udk aqmif&Guf&mwGif ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJESifh

a*[pepf wdkYudkrxdcdkufapyJ rQwpGm obm0t&if;tjrpfudk xkwf,loHk;pGJjcif;jzpfygonf/ þodkYrQwpGm

aqmif&GufEdkif&ef xda&mufaom tkyfcsKyfrIpepfabmifwpfck vkdtyfygonf/

2/ EAFM \ tpdwftydkif; (3) ck

a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrI a0g[m&udk tusOf;csKyft"dyÜg,faz:jy&vQif aemifvmrnfh rsKd;qufopfwdkY\

vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk rxdcdkufapbJ rsufarSmufvlom;b0om,m0ajymrSKESifh a*[pepf aumif;rGefaprIudk

rQwpGmxdef;xm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ (tcef;-2 ?ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh a*[pepfrScsOf;uyfjcif;) yHk (3.1)

yHk 3.1 / ig;vkyfief;wGif EAFM \ tpdwftydkif; (3)ck

EAFM qdkonfrSm a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufaom ig;vkyfief;jzpfap&ef aqmif&Gufaom enf;vrf;w&yfjzpfNyD;

t"dutm;jzifY tydkif; (3) ydkif; yg0iffygonf/

1/ a*[pepf aumif;rGefjcif;

2/ vlom;b0om,m0ajymjcif;

3/ aumif;rGefaompDrHtkyfcsKyfrI

3/ rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh EAFM udkaqmif&Guf&oenf; - tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;

EAFM enf;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJrIaMumifh &&SdaomtusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;-

• a*[pepfESifhig;vkyfief; qufpyfrIudk ydkíus,fjyefUpGm pOf;pm;ekdifapjcif;

• obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm; xkwf,loHk;pGJonfh pDrHcsufrsm;udk ydkrdkxda&mufekdifapjcif;

• rwlnDonfhig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;\ OD;pm;ay;vkdtyfcsufwdkYudk rQwpGm rQa0edkifapjcif;? vlom;wkdY

vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESifh a*[pepfvkdtyfcsufrsm;udk xdef;nd§ay;ekdifjcif;

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,fol wdkYudk,fwdkif yg0ifygwfoufvkyfudkifapjcif;jzifh

o obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm; xkwf,loHk;pGJrIpDrHcsufudk ydkaumif;ekdifapjcif;

o obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk ydkírQwpGm xkwf,loHk;pGJekdifapjcif; (ig;vkyfief;? ig;vkyfief;ESifh

roufqdkifaom vkyfief;rsm;)

• ig;xkwfvkyfrIESifh ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJESifh ig;rsm;aexkdifusufpm;&mae&mrsm;tm; xdef;odrf;jcif;? umuG,f

jcif;wkdUudk rQwpGm xdef;nd§ay;ekdifapjcif;

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;tMum; jzpfay:aom tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;ay;jcif; avsmhcsay;ekdif

apjcif;

• qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwf&mwGif ,Ofaus;rI &dk;&mwefbdk;rsm;udk ydkítodtrSwfjyKekdifapjcif;

• ig;vkyfief;ESifh urf;&kd;wef;a'ot&if;tjrpfrsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif ydkrdkusk,fjyefaom? a&&Snf

jzpfyGm;ekdifonfh jyóemrsm;tm; todtrSwfjyKvmekdifapjcif; (Oyrm – atmufygudpöwdkYudk

a&&SnfpOf;pm;jcif; - &moDOwk ajymif;vJrI? ork'&ma&wGif tufqpf"gwfyg0ifrSKrsm;vmjcif;?

ig;aeig;xdkifrsm; qkwf,kwfysufpD;rI? vlOD;a&wkd;yGm;vmrI? pD;yGm;a&;zGHYNzdK;rI? urÇmvHk;qdkif&m

udpörsm;ponfh)

Z,m; (3.1) wGif ig;vkyfief;rsm;wGif BuHKawGY&aom Ncdrf;acsmufrIrsm;ESifh jyóemrsm;udk EAFM jzifh

rnfodkYudkifwG,f ajz&Sif;Edkifonfudk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ (NyD;cJhonfhtcef;wpfckwGif ig;vkyfief;wGifBuHK&aom

Ncdrf;acsmufrIrsm;eSifh jyóemrsm;udkMunfhyg) þZ,m;\ b,fzufjcrf;wGif þvufpGJpmtkyf\ t"du

tcef;rsm;ESifhwpfuG wkduf&dkufywfoufaom taMumif;t&m rsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/

Z,m; 3.1 ig;vkyfief;rsm;wGif BuHKawG Y&avh&Sdaom Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ESif h jyjyóemrsm;udk EAFM \

o&kyfvu©Pmt& udkifwG,fajz&Sif;yH k

EAFM o&kyfvu©Pmrsm; ig;vkyfief;rsm;wGif BuHKawGY&aom Ncdrf;ajcmuf rIrsm;?

jyóemudk EAFM u ajz&Sif; aqmif&GufyHk

1/ aiGaMu;tultnDrsm;ay;jcif;

tcef;-8? tpjyKvkyfief;-(u)

tcef;-14? tqifh 3.4 ESifh 3.5

• aiGaMu;ESihf 0efaqmifrItulnDrsm;udk tzGJU

tpnf;toD;oD;? Oyrm - tpdk;& tzGJYtpnf;

rsm;? ig;vkyfief;tzGJYrsm;? tjcm; oufqdkifol

rsm;udkay;jcif;/ aiGaMu; axmuf yHh&ef qHk;jzwf

csufcsrSwfolrsm; ESifh ydkrkd aumif;rGefaom

qufqHa&; jyKvkyfjcif;

• EAFM pDrHcsufwGif a&&Snfudk pOf;pm; ojzifh

bwf*swfjyifqif pDrH&ef tcsdef &Sdjcif;

• EAFM \ ydkí aygif;pnf;aom pDrHcsuf wGif

aumif;rGefaom tkyfcsKyfrIESifh t&if; tjrpf

(aiG)rsm;udk &&Sd&ef enf;vrf; ay;jcif;/

2/ EdkifiHa&;ydkif;rS yk*d¾vfrsm;ESifh oufqdkif

olrsm;\ ulnDaxmufyHhrIudk&,lapjcif;

tcef;-4 EAFM \ Oya'orsm;

tcef;-8 tpjyKvkyfief; (u)

tcef;-9 tpjyKvkyfief; (c)

tcef;-12 tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (1)

• a'oqdkif&mtpdk;& yg0ifapjcif;jzifh EdkifiH

a&;t& tultnD&jcif;? ig;vkyfief;jyifyrS

vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; yg0ifapjcif;jzifh ig;vkyfief;tay:

tusKd; oufa&mufaponf/

• w&m;pD&ifa&;u@rS tultnD&ap Ekdif jcif;

• ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m Xmersm;? 0efBuD;Xme rsm;ESifh

tqifajyapjcif;? vdkufavsm nDaxG jzpfjcif;

• odyÜHynm&Sifrsm;^ynm&yfqdkif&mrsm;udk pDrHcsuf

a&;qGJonfh udpö&yfrsm;ESifh qufpyf ay;jcif;jzifh

vdktyfaom owif;tcsuf tvuf? okawoe

udpörsm;udk aqmif&GufEdkifjcif; wkdUaMumifh ydkrdkxd

a&mufaom pDrHcefYcGJrI &&Sdjcif;? oufqdkifolrsm;

ESifh qufqHa&; ydkrkdaumif;rGef vmapjcif;

3/ ydkrdkaumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfrIudkjzpfapjcif;

tcef;-9? tpjyKvkyfief; (c)

tcef;-11? 13 ESifh 14 ? tqifh 2.1-2.3?

• EkdifiHa&;t& taxmuftul&ojzifh ydkrdk

aumif;rGefaom Oya'pnf;urf; MuyfrwfrI

&&Sdapjcif;

• yg0ifywfoufolrsm;taejzifh pDrHcefYcGJrI twdkif;

3.1- 3.5

tcef;-12? tajcaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (1)

ydkívdkufemvmjcif;

• pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif trsKd;orD;a&;&m udpö

&yfrsm; yg0ifapjcif;

• ig;ukefMurf;rsm;rS ukefacsmxkwf&ef pOf;pm;

vmjcif;

• tao;pm; a&vkyfief;vkyfukdifolrsm;tm;

ajymqdk cGifhay;vmjcif;

4/ rwlnDaom vlYtzGJYrsm;\ uGJjym;aom

&nfrSef;csufrsm; od&Sdjcif;? tjiif;yGm;jcif;

wdkufcdkufjcif;rsm;udk ajz&Sif;ay;jcif;

tcef;-11? tqifY 2.1? 2.2

tcef;-12? tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (1)

• vlwdkY\ pD;yGm;a&;ESifhvlrIa&; aumif;rGef

om,m0ajymvmapa&;wkdUtay: xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;&ef tmr cHcsuf ay;jcif;

• u@wpfckcsif;twGif; u@rsm;tMum; uGJjym;

aomrI0g'rsm; &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk nd§EdIif;jcif;

• toHk;jyKolrsm; (pm;oHk;olrsm;) Mum; aqG;aEG;

n§dEdIif; ay;jcif;tm;jzifh tjiif;yGm;rI? wdkufcdkuf

rIrsm; ajz&Sif;pDrHonfh enf;vrf; &&Sdapjcif;

• xda&mufaom yhHydk;aiGyHhydk;jcif; enf;vrf; &Smjcif;

jyifqifjcif;

• t&if;tjzpf xdef;odrf;jcif;&nf&G,fcsuf ESifh

ig;xkwfvkyfa&; &nf&G,fcsufwdkYudk nd§EIdif;

wnfhrwfay;jcif;

• tBuD;pm;ig;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tao;pm;

ig;vkyfief;rsm; tMum; jyóem rsm;udk &SmazG

ajz&Sif;jcif;

5/ tjcm;vkyfief;u@rsm;u ig;vkyfief; u@

tay: oufa&mufxdcdkufrIrsm;udk

umuG,fjcif;

tcef;-8? tpjyKvkyfief; (u)

tcef;-11? tqifh 2.2 - 2.3

• tjcm;u@rsm;ESifhtwlyg0ifvkyfudkifjcif;

o pdkufysKd;a&;wGif yHhydk;jcif; (aiG? ypönf;)

o NrdKUjya'ocsJYxGifvmrSKaMumifY ig;aeig;xdkif

rsm;ysufpD;vmjcif;

o c&D;oGm;vkyfief;zGHYNzdK;vmjcif;

o urf;vGefa'o owåKwl;jcif;

o xdef;csKyfrI r&Sdaom ig;arG;jrLa&; vkyfief;

zGYHNzdK;vmrI

o ig;vkyfief; tay: oufa&mufrIudk

xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;jcif; rjyKaom xdef;

odrf;a&; vkyfief;rsm;

6/ ig;zrf;vkyfief;aMumifh tjcm;u@rsm;

ty:oufa&mufrIudk umuG,fay;jcif;


tcef;-11? tqifh 2.2 - 2.3

• ig;aeig;xkdifrsm;tm; xdckdufjcif;

• &nf&G,frSKr&SdbJ zrf;qD;rdaomig;rsm; (bycatch)

jyóemudk ydkíajz&Sif; aqmif&GufcGifhay;jcif;

• yl;aygif; umuG,fxdefodrf;a&; vkyfief;udk

aqmif&GufcGifhay;jcif;

• ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJ xdefodrf;apmifa&Smufjcif;udk

a*[pepf\ jynfhpHkjcif;ESifh taxmuftul

jyKjcif;ESifhtwl OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Gufekdifjcif;

7/ ig;vkyfief;u@vufatmufcH tjcm;aom

u@cGJrsm;tay: xdcdkufrIrsm;udk umuG,f

jcif;


tcef;-13 ESifh 14? tqifh 3.1? 3.2?

3.3

• u@cGJrsm;tm;vHk;tay: xdcdkufrI &Sdonfh

udpö&yfrsm;yg0ifonf/

o '&GufqGJydkufrS ig;i,frsm; tvGeftuRH

zrf;qD;rIonf ig;vkyfief;BuD; wpfckvHk;\

wefzdk;udk xdcdkufonf/

o ig;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;zGHYNzdK;rIrS vkyfief; tay:

xdckdufrI (Oyrm - arG;jrLa&; tpm

vdktyfcsuf? arG;jrKa&; twGufae&m)

8/ EdkifiHa&;e,fy,f? w&m;pD&ifa&;e,fy,fudk

ausmfjzwfí pDrHcefYcGJrIudk qufoG,fay;

jcif;/

tcef;-4? EAFM \ Oya'orsm;?

tcef;-12? tajcaerSefudk ppfaq;jcif;?(1)

tcef;-12? tajcaerSefudk ppfaq;jcif;?(2)

• A[dktpkd;& vkyfukdifcGifh vTJajymif;jcif;qkdonfrSm

ekdifiHawmf A[kdtqifh ig;vkyfief; tzGJUtpnf;

rsm;taejzifh toHk;jyKolrsm;\ tjiif;yGm;rSKeSifh

tjcm;aom jyoemudpö&yf rsm;wGif w&m;0if

vkyfykdifcGifhr&SdawmhaMumif;qkdvkdjcif;jzpf ygonf/

• ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;EG,fol tzGJYtpnf; tcsif;csif;

tjyif tpdk;&qdkif&m tzJGYtpnf; tqifh qifh

Oyrm - jrLeDpy,f (pnfyif) tqifh?

c&dkiftqifh? wdkif;tqifh? EdkifiHawmftqifh

wdkYMum;wGif twlwuG pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESifh yl;aygif;

aqmif&GufrIudk jzpfap jcif;/

9/ ig;vkyfief;u@ twGif;tjyif&Sd yg0if

ywfoufolrsm; qufoG,frIudk wdk;wuf

apjcif;

tcef;-9? tpjyKvkyfief; (c)

tcef;-15? tqifh 4.1

• ig;vkyfief;ESifh tjcm;Xmersm; ^ 0efBuD; Xmersm;

(Oyrm - ywf0ef;usifa&;&m? pdkufysKd;a&;ESifh

ydkYaqmifa&;) tMum; qufoG,frI tm;enf;

jcif;udk ajz&Sif;jcif;

10/ tcsuftvuf acgif;yg;aom tajc tae

rsKd;wGif toHk;jyKEdkifonf/

tcef;-10? tqifh 1.3


• a'o&kd;&m todynmESifh odyÜHqdkif&m todynm

2 rsKd;vHk;udk toHk;jyKonf/

• jyefvnfwifjycsufrsm;udk apmifhMunf

avhvmjcif;? jyefvnf oHk;oyfjcif;? oufqdkif&m

owif;tcsuftvuf topfrsm; pkaqmif;jcif;?

pDrHcefYcGJrI udpö &yfwGif xnfhoGif;jcif;

• owif;tcsuftvuf topfrsm;aMumifh

vlrIa&;ESifh a*[pepftaMumif; ydkod&Sd apjcif;

11/ a&&Snf wnfhwHhaprnfh a*[pepfukd

xlaxmifjcif;eSifh pOfqufrjyufzGHUNzdK;

wkd;wufapaom ig;vkyfief;u@


tcef;-12? tajcaerSefppfaq;jcif;-(2)

• pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif a&&Snfywf0ef;usif ESifh

vlrIa&;ajymif;vJrIrsm; tay: ydkí tm&Hkpl;

pdkufap&eftajctae zefwD;ay; onf

• OD;wnfavhvmvkdaom vlrIa&; ajymif; vJrI

(Oyrm - vlOD;a&wdk;yGm;rIESifh zGHYNzdK; wdk;wufrI)

ESifhtwl &moDOwk ajymif;vJ rIESifh ork'&m

a&wGif tufqpf"gwf rsm;vmrIwdkY\ qdk;usKd;

oufa&mufrIwdkYudk yl;aygif; avhvmonf/

4/ vuf&Sdwnf&Sdaeonfh ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrI enf;vrf;rS EAFM odkY ajymif;vJvkyfaqmifjcif;

txufwGif azmfjyxm;ouJhodkY EAFM \ t"du&nfrSef;csufrSm pepfwpfckvHk;udk a&&Snf wnfwHh&ef

toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfí rsKd;pdwfwpfckwnf;udkom toHk;jyK&efr[kwfyg/ odkY&mwGif EAFM udk toHk;csonfqdk&mü

vuf&Sdig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJa&;tay: tajcjyKí topfwpfckwDxGifjcif; r[kwfyg/ EAFM tqifhodkY tjynfht0

&&ef ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm apmifh&ygrnf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf tqifhqifhwdk;í pkaygif; jzpfay:rI tay:wGif

rIwnfygonf/

Z,m; 3.2? vuf&Sdig;vkyfief;pDrHcefcG JrIESif h EAFM wkdYudktcsuf (11) csuftay: EdIif;,SOfxm;ygonf

vuf&Sd pDrHcefUcGJaeonfh

enf;vrf; EAFM

ig;rsKd;pdwfrsm;udk

pOf;pm;jcif;

t"duOD;wnf&nf&G,faom

rsKd;pdwfrsm;om

a*[pepfwGif;&Sd rsKd;pdwftm;vHk;? txl;ojzifh

ig;zrf;qD;rIaMumifh xdcdkufrSK &Sdapaom

rsKd;pdwfrsm;

pDrHcefYcGJrI &nfrSef;csufrsm; OD;wnf&nf&G,faom rsKd;pdwf

rsm;om t"duywfoufí?

a&&SnftxGufEIef;wdk;a&;

twGuf ZD0aA'&Iaxmifh rSom

orm;&dk;us OD;wnf

pOf;pm;onf

ig;vkyfief;ESifhywfoufaom A[dkOD;wnf

csufrsm; xm;onfh a*[pepfrS xGufukefrsm;

ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; vlrIa&; pD;yGm;a&;udpö

twGufyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; jcif;rsm;

twdkif;twm ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI

jyóem&yf rsm;udk

ig;tkyfpk ig;vkyfief;

twdkif;twmxdomajz&Sif;

aqmif&Gufjcif;

oifhavsmf&mae&m? tcsdeftcgay:rlwnfí

t"du jyóem&yfrsm;udk ajz&Sif; aqmif

&Gufjcif; þjyóemrsm;onf us,fjyefYpGm

qufpyf aeMuonf Oyrm-a'otqifh?

EdkifiHawmftqifh a'oBuD;rsm; tqifh (Ekdfif

iHaygif;rsm;pGm) ESifh urÇmvHk;qdkif&mtqifh

tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh

owif; toHk;jyKrI

t"dutm;jzifh

odyÜHtcsuftvufrsm;

OD;wnf&nf&G,fonfY rsKd;pdwf

rsm;om

ydkus,fjyefYaom todOmPfudktajccHonf

(odyÜHenf;ESifh&dk;&mA[kokw) tvkyfvkyf&if;

vufawGUoif,ljcif;udk OD;pm;ay;onf/

(vdkufavsmnDaxGrSKjyKekdifonfh pDrHcefYcGJrI)

tuJjzwfjcif;

enf;vrf;rsm;

OD;wnf&nf&G,faom rsKd;pdwf

rsm;\ ig;tkyfpkudk t"du

cefYrSef; onf

oufqdkif&mtnTef;tajctaeay:rIwnfí

rsKd;pdwfaygif;pHkESif a*[pepf\ yrmP udk

cefYrSef;onf

pDrHcefYcGJ&ef

0ifa&mufyg0ifrSK

ig;zrf;jcif;udkxdef;odrf;&ef

t"duvkyfonf

us,fjyefYaom rufvHk;ay;? qGJaqmifrSK

pepfudk oHk;onf/ (Oyrm-a*[pepfudk pDrH&ef

vufeuf wpfck jzpfaom tPÖ0gxdef;odrf;

umuG,fa&; e,fajr (MPA) udk aqmif&Guf

onf) urf;&kd;wef; e,fajr bufpHkpDrH

cefYcGJrI ( ICZM ) ESifh rufvHk;ay;jcif;tm;

us,fjyefYpGm vkyfaqmif jcif;wkdUtay:

csdwfqufaqmif&Gufonf/

pDrHcsuf csrSwfjcif; rsm;aomtm;jzifhig;vkyfief;

pDrHcefYcGJrI pDrHcsufrsKd;jzpf&ef

OD;wnf&Gnf&G,faom

rsKd;pdwfrsm;udk pOf;pm;onf

EAFM wGif ig;vkyfief;? a*[pepf? vlYtzGJY

pnf;pepf tkyfcsKyfrIponfwdkYudk pOf;pm;

onf/

ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;EG,folrsm; a&vkyfom;? ig;vkyfief;ESifh

ig;vkyfief; tzGJYtpnf;rS

olrsm;

ydkus,fjyefYaom ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;EG,folrsm;?

EAFM aMumifh xdcdkufolrsm; EAFM pDrHcefYcGJrIudk xdcdkufapolrsm;

u@rsm; u@tvdkufwGifig;vkyfief;

u@ESifhywfoufaom

jyóem &yfrsm;udkom

tm&HkjyKonf

ig;vkyfief; u@ESifh tjcm;u@rsm; qufpyf

ESD;EG,frIudk uGufuGufuGif;uGif; avhvm

aqmif&Gufonf/ (Oyrm-urf;&kd;wef;a'o

zGHUNzdK;a&;? c&D;oGm;vkyfief;? ig;arG;jrLa&;?

a&aMumif;oGm;vma&;? a&eHvkyfief;)

rI0g'rsm;ESifY qHk;jzwfcsuf

csrSwfjcif;

tpdk;&tqifhuom t"du

aqmif&Gufonf? t"du

tm;jzifh ig;vkyfief;BuD;rsm;

udpö&yfudk ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf

ay;onf/

t"du ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; tm;vHk;

ESifY yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufonf/ ydkrdk us,fjyefY

aom ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,fol tzGJYtpnf;

wdkY\ tusKd;ESifh arQmfvifhcsufudk aqmif&Guf

ay;onf/

ylaygif;yg0ifolrsm; txufrSatmuf (trdefY

ay;jcif;) yHkpHjzifhcsOf;uyfjcif;

orm;&dk;us ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefY

cGJrIyHkpHjyKtwdkif; aqmif&Guf

onf/

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;\ &IaxmifhrS

csOf;uyfjcif;udk oHk;onf/ (Oyrm-yHkpH

trsKd;rsdK;jzifh yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIonf EAFM \

t"duo&kyf vu©Pm jzpfonf/

Oya'pnf;urf; vkdufemrI

ESifh Oya' tmPm

oufa&mufaprSk

pnf;urf;Oya'twdkif;

aqmif&Gufí rvdkufemrI

rsm;udk jypf'gPf ay;onf/

rufvHk;ay;qGJaqmifrSKpepf rSwqifh

pnf;urf;Oya' vdkufemap&ef tm;ay;

onf/

5. tjcm;aomenf;vrf;rsm;

ig;vkyfief;? yifv,fjyifESif urf;&kd;wef;a'o pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif vuf&SdusifhoHk;aeaom csOf;uyfrI enf;vrf;

rsKd;pHkwGif EAFM onf yg0ifywfoufjcif;? yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufay;jcif;wdkYudk aqmif&Gufygonf/ EAFM \

tESpfom&rSm yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;jzifh ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;EG,folrsm;\ pkaygif;qHk;jzwfay;rIESifh ydkifqdkifrI &&Sdap&ef

tmrcHcsufay;jcif; jzpfygonf/ (pwifjcif; (c) ESifh tajcaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (2) udkMunfhyg)/

pDrHcefYcGJjcif;twGuf csOf;uyf&mwGif EAFM onf urf;&kd;wef;a'obufpHkpDrHcefYcGJrI (ICM) ESifh tPÖ0ga'o

tykdif;tjcm;tvdkufpDrHcsuf (Marine Spatial Planning, MSP) wdkY\ aqmif&GufyHkrsm; xyfwlusaeonfh tcsuf

rsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ ICM onf urf;&kd;wef;a'owGif toHk;csaom EA/EBM wdkY\ u@toD;oD;

yg0ifywfoufrIESifh wlnDonf/ xkdYaMumifh EAFM \ &nf&G,fcsufxajrmuf&ef EA ESifh MSP wdkYudk pDrHcefYcGJrI

vkyfief;wGif vdktyfaom tcsufrsm;tjzpf &IjrifEdkifonf/ þcsOf;uyfrI enf;vrf;pHkwkdYudk EA/EBM tawG;tac:wGif xnfhoGif; xm;ygonf/ (yHk – 3.2)

þenf;vrf;udk tm;vHk;u vufcHxm;aom tcsufwpfckrSm pDrHcefYcGJrIudpöwGif us,fjyefYaom a*[pepf

pDrHcefYcGJrI (obm0w&m;ESifhvl) yg0if&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif vlrIa&;ESifh pD;yGm;a&; tusKd;aus;Zl;udk

ydkíaumif;atmif aqmifusOf;Ekdif&ef jzpfygonf/

yHk 3.2 / EAFM onf tjcm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;tm; yg0ifyHhydk;ay;onf

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) qdkonfrSm ekdifiHa&;vkyfief;pOfwGifyg0ifaom a*[pepf? pD;yGm;a&;?

vlrSKa&;qkdif&m &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifrsm;okdU atmifjrifpGm a&muf&Sdekdif&eftwGuf vlom;wkdU\ vkyfief;rsm;ukd

yifv,ftwGif; tcsdefae&mtvkduf toHk;jyKrSKukd avhvmoHk;oyfí cGJa0owfrSwfcsxm;ay;&ef vltrsm;

yg0ifvkyfaqmif&rnfh vkyfief;pOf wpf&yfjzpfygonf/ (UNESCO 2009) MSP wGif atmufyg (2) ckvHk;

yg0ifonf/ (1) toHk;jyKolwdkYtwGuf pDrHcsufESifh (2) vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&ef ud&d,m? wefqmyvmenf;vrf;rsm;

- Oyrm – MPA rsm;yg0ifaom ZHktvdkuf ae&mowfrSwfjcif;?

MPA (Marine Pratected Area) uGef,ufrsm;udk toHk;csjcif;onf MSP \ oGifjyif vu©Pm wpfck

jzpfonf/ MPA (tPÖ0gxdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;e,fajr) rsm;onf oD;jcm;pDrHcefYcGJrI wpf&yfjzpf tjcm;aom

pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfaqmif&Gufoifhonf/ (tcef; 14? tqifh 3.3 ukdMunfh) MPA udk

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;udpöESifh ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;udpö (2)ckvHk;wGif toHk;jyKEdkifonf? odkY&mwGif MPA udk

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;udpöwGif oHk;avhr&SdyJ ZD0rsdK;pHk rsKd;uGJ xdef;odrf;a&;udpöwGifom toHk;csavh&Sdonf/ xdkYjyif

ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;EG,folwdkYESifh ñ§dEdIif;wdkifyifjcif; r&SdyJ MPA udk wnfaxmifavh&Sdojzifh atmifjrif&ef

tvm;tvm enf;yg;aponf/

MPA udpöaqmif&GufMu&mwGif xnfhoGif;ajz&Sif;avhr&Sdaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&; t"duudpötcsKdUrSm

atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/

• ig;zrf;EkdifpGrf;udk xdef;jcif;

• MPA {&d,me,fedrdwf jyify{&d,mwdkYudk pDrHcefYcGJjcif;

• tjcm;vkyfief;aMumifh ig;vkyfief;tay: xdcdkufekdifapjcif;

MPAs uJhodkYaom xdef;odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh a'ocHywfoufolrsm;tay: tusKd;aus;Zl;

jzpfxGef;EdkifouJhodkY tukeftusvnf;rsm;apEdkifonf/ xdkYaMumifh jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&;udpörsm;udk aqmif&Guf

Mu&mwGif ukefusp&dwfESifh tusKd;aus;Zl;cHpm;cGifh (2) ckudk rQwpGm cGJa0ay;a&;onf t"dupdefac:csuf

jzpfonf/ zGJYNzdK;qJEdkifiHrsm;wGif þtcuftcJ jyóemrsm;udk ydk&IyfaxG;apaom udpöwpfckrSm a'owpfckwGif

u@aygif;pHk tzGJYaygif;pHk (Oyrm-ig;vkyfief;u@? ywf0ef;usif@? tjcm;u@) wkdY yg0ifygwfoufvsuf&SdMuNyD;

&nfrSef;csufrsm; udkvnf; pkpnf;nd§EdIif;avhr&Sdyg/ u@toD;oD;rS MPA wGif yg0ifywfouf

aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYudk pkpnf;Edkifygu ukefusp&dwfESifh tusKd;cHpm;cGifhwdkYudk ydkínDrQpGmrQa0 ay;Edkifrnfjzpf&m

,if;udpöudk ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;enf;vrf; wpfcktjzpf owfrSwfEdkfifonf/

tcgrsm;pGmwGif trSefvdktyfaom pDrHcefYcGJrIudpöonf ig;vkyfief;tzGJY\ jyifywGif &Sdaeojzifh

ig;vkyfief;tzGJYpnf;ESifh ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkY\ ydkrdkyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;onf vkdtyfygonf/ txl;ojzifh

EAFM pDrHcsufqGJaom umvrsKd;wGifjzpfonf/ ueOD;prf;oyfcsuf taejzifhurf;&kd;wef;a'oESif ukef;wGif;ydkif;

a'o ICM udk aqmif&Gufjcif;onf yl;aygif; aqmif&Gufa&;udkvkyfoifhonf/ odkY&mwGif ,aeYtxd ig;vkyfief;

tzGJYpnf;rsm;onf þodkY yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef 0efav;wGefYqkwfMuonf/ ta&;BuD;aom yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI

rsKd;udk pwiftaumifxnf azmfEdkifonfESifhwNydKifeuf aeYwpf"l0 ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;udpöudk ,if;vkyfief;

tzGJYrS aqmif&Guf taumiftxnfazmfapNyD; ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;taejzifh yHkrSeftpnf;a0;

wufa&mufMuí wdk;wufatmifjrifrIudk oHk;oyfjcif;? jyóemtjiif;yGm;zG,fudpö ay:aygufvmygu

pkaygif;ajz&Sif;jcif;wdkYudk aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/

EAFM udk taumiftxnfaz:aqmif&Gufjcif;aMumifh pDrHcefYcGJrIukefusp&dwfydkrsm;vmEdkifygonf/ Oyrm

ydkus,fjyefYjynfhpHkaom owif;tcsuftvuf&&Sda&;? pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif; nSdEdIif;aqG;aEG;jcif;? qHk;jzwfcsuf

csrSwfjcif;? ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom apmifhMuyfMunfh&Ijcif;? xdef;csKyfjcif; wdkYrSm ukefusp&dwfydkrsm;vmygrnf/ odkY&mwGif

ydkrdkxda&mufaom ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrIrsKd;udk aqmif&Gufrnfjzpfygu txufazmfjyygtcsufrsm;tm; rvGJraoG

aqmif&Guf &rnfom jzpfygonf/

EAFM udk taumifxnfazmfjcif;aMumifh ydkrdkukefusvmaom p&dwfwdkYudk a&&Snf a*[pepfESifh vlom;wdkY

tusdK;twGuf aumif;pGm ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfjzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif tpjyK tajymif;tvJ umvrsKd;wGif ]ukefus

p&dwfudk rnfoluuscHrnfenf;} [laom ar;cGef;rsKd;rSmvnf; ta&;BuD;ygonf/ ,cktcg trsm;u oabmwl

vufcHxm;aom tcsufrSm tusKd;aus;Zl;cHpm;&ol (toHk;jyKol) u uscH&efjzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif EAFM

taejzifh vlYrSKtzGJYtpnf;rsm;\ us,fjyefYaomvdktyfcsufrsm;udk ajz&Sif;ay;ekdifaomaMumifh ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk

a&vkyfief;vkyfukdifolrsm;uJhokdh wdkuf&dkuftusKd;cHpm;&ol ESifh tjcm;vlYtzGJYtpnf;wdkYu rQa0ay;acs&ef

jzpfygonf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ vlYrSKtzGJYtpnf;toD;oD;wdkY\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk xdef;nSday;jcif;/ AD'D,dk

Zmwfvrf;udk MunfYí tkyfpkvdkuf aqG;aEG;yg/

EAFM \ Oya'orsm;

Module 4

oifcef;pm\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;

EAFM \ rl0g'udkod&Sd&efESifh EAFM \ wm0efod ig;vkyfief;usifh0wf (CCRF) ESifh

qufpyfrIudkod&ef

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ oif\ig;vkyfief;udk yHkaz:ay;aom t"dujzpfpOfrsm; tcsdeftcg (ckESpf) tvdkuf

az:jyyg/


þtcef;wGif EAFM \ Oya'oqdkif&maz:jycsufrsm;rSm (1) aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfrI? (2)

qDavQmfrSK&SdonfY owfrSwfe,fy,f? (3) yg0ifaqmif&GufrSKydkrdkvmapjcif;? (4) trsdK;rsdK;aom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;? (5)

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifhnd§EIdif;jcif;? (6) vdkufavsmnDaxGaompDrHcefYcGJrIESifh (7) BudKwifaqmif&GufrSKenf;vrf;

ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/

ed'gef;

EAFM qdkonfrSm ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrItwGuf ydkrdkus,fjyefYí NyD;jynfhpHkaom enf;vrf;wpf&yf jzpfygonf/

xkdYaMumifh vuf&SdusifhoHk;Muaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh EAFM wdkYtMum;wGif t"duuGJjym;aom

tcsuftvuftenf;i,f&Sdygonf/ atmufazmfjyygtcsufwdkYudk Munfhjcif;jzifh jcm;em;csufwdkYudk awGYjrifEdkifNyD;

EAFM atmifjrifrSK&&Sd&eftwGuf vuf&SdusifYoHk;aeaom pDrHcefYcGJrSKenf;vrf; rnfodkYaqmif&Guf&rnfudk

od&SdEdkifygonf/

1/ EAFM \ Oya'orsm;

t"duOya'orsm; (yHk 4.1) udk atmufygtwdkif tusOf;csKyfazmfjyEdkifonf/

1/ aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfrI

2/ qDavsmfrSK&S donfh owfrSwfe,fy,f a*[aA'pepfrsm;? vlrIa&;pepfrsm; twGif;?

tjyifqufpyfrIwdkUudk xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;ygonf/ (þqufpyfrIrsm;onf ae&mtay:rlwnfonf

rwlnDaom ywf0ef;usifrsm;tvdkuf? ukef;ydkif;? a&ydkif;? avydkif; tvdkuf twdkif;twmtvdkuf

Oyrm –c&dkif? wdkif;a'oBuD;? EdkifiHawmf? EkdifiHwum tqifhponf)

3/ yg0ifaqmif&GufrSKyk drk dvmapjcif; vkyfief;pOfyg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm; ydkrdkyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;/

4/ trsdK;rsdK;aom&nfrSef;csufrsm; trsdK;rsdK;aom&nfrSef;csufrsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJjcif; (vlYtzGJYtpnf;

toD;oD; wdkYudk nd§EdIif;csdefudkufjcif; ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk nd§EdIif;jcif;?

&nf&G,fcsufrSm pdefac:rIrsm;eSifh tav;xm;&rnfh udpö&yfrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;ay;Edkifaom &nfrSef;csuf

rsm;udk csrSwf&ef)

5/ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESif hnd§Ed Iif;jcif; xdkodkYaqmif&Guf&mwGif a'gifvdkuf (tpdk;&tzGJYtvTm?

vlrItzGJYtpnf;tvTm tqifhqifh) aqmif&Gufjcif;? (wpfenf;tm;jzifh xufatmufnd§EdIif;jcif;) ESifh

a&jyifnDvdkuf (tzJGYtpnf;rsm;? u@rsm;Mum;) aqmif&Gufjcif;wkdY jzpfMuygonf/

6/ vkdufavsmnDaxGaom pDrHcefYcG JrI oif,ljcif;ESifh jyKjyif,ljcif;jzifh tajymif;tvJudk jyKvkyfjcif;?

t"dutm;jzifh aysmhajymif;í vdkufavsmnDaxGrI&SdaompepfESifh vkyfief;pOf jzpfygonf/ wkefYjyefrI

ay:rlwnfí tvkyfrS vufawGYoif,ljcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/

7/ BudKwifaqmif&GufrSKenf;vrf; raocsmr&&mrIrsm;&SdvmonfhtcgwGif BudKwifowdxm;

aqmif&Gufjcif;udk aqmif&Guf&efjzpfygonf/

yHk 4.1 / EAFM \ t"du Oya'orsm;

2/ EAFM \ Oya'orsm;ESifh FAO \ wm0efodaomig;vkyfief;usifYpOf

EAFM \ Oya'orsm;udk FAO \ wm0efodig;vkyfief;usifhpOfrsm; (CCRF) ay:rltajccH csrSwfxm;ygonf/

CCRF onf usifhpOfrsm;r[kwfaomfvnf; tcsKdUudk EdkifiHwumOya'udktajccHxm;ygonf/ Oyrm –

ukvor*¾\ yifv,fjyifqdkif&m Oya' 1982 (UNCLOS ) rS Oya'rsm; yg0ifonf/ CCRF onf

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh zGHYNzdK;rIudpötm;vHk;ESifh tusKH;0ifonf/ Oyrm - ig;zrf;jcif;? ig;jyKjyifxkwfvkyffjcif;?

a&mif;0,fjcif;? ig;zrf;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufjcif;? ig;arG;jrLjcif;? ig;vkyfief;okawoeaqmif&Gufjcif;? ig;vkyfief;ESifh

urf;&dk;wef;a'o bufpHk pDrHcefYcGJjcif; (ICM) wkdY yg0ifonf/

wm0efodaomig;vkyfief;twGuf ta&;BuD;aomrlrsm;ukd CCRF u csrSwfygonf/ (Oyrm – Box 4.1 ) wGif

ig;vkyfief;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh a*[pepfESifh ywfoufaom taMumif;t&mrsm; - Box 4.2 wGif vlrla&;?

pD;yGm;a&; a&&SnfwnfwHh zGYHNzdK;a&;ESifh qdkifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;) azmfjyygOya'orsm;onf EA ESifh EAFM rsm; rjyXmef;rDuyif &SdcJh jyD; ,if;Oya'orsm;wGif a&&Snfxdef;odrf; wnfwHhzGHYNzdK;a&; oabmw&m;rsm;

yg0ifojzifh ,ckazmfjyxm;aom EAFM Oya'o (7) cktwGuf tajccH jzpfygonf/

Box 4.1 – ig;vkyfief;o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh a*[pepf (a*[pepf aumif;rGefa&;) wdkYESifh

qufEG,frSK &SdonfY CCRF \ t"duusaom Oya'orsm;

• ig;vkyfief;o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm;udk vuf&SdESifh tem*wfrsKd;qufopfrsm;twGuf xdef;odrf;apmifh

a&Smuf&ef

• ig;vkyfief;o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm;\ xkwfvkyfEdkifonfhyrmPESifh zrf;,lEdkifaomyrmPudk

tcsKd;nDpGm aqmif&Guf jcif;jzifh ig;tvGeftuRH zrf;qD;rIudk wm;qD;umuG,f&ef

• A[kokwrsm;ydkrdkjynfhpkHonftxd apmifhqkdif;&efrvkdbJ BudKwifaqmif&GufrSKenf;vrf;tm; toHk;csjcif;

• &nf&G,faom rsKd;pdwfudkom xdef;odrf;jcif;omru a*[pepf wpfckvHk;wGif yg0ifaom rsKd;pdwf

tm;vHk;udkxdef;odrf;&ef

• ta&;ygonfh ig;aeig;xkdifrsm;tm; jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;eSifh umuG,fay;jcif;

• urf;&dk;wef;a'oudk bufpHktoHk;jyKMu&mwGif ig;vkyfief;vnf; yg0ifap&efESifh bufpHk urf;&dk;wef;a'o

pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif xnfhoGif;&ef

• oifhavsmfonfh a*[pepfajymif;vJrIESifhtwl vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;tay: qdk;usdK; oufa&mufrIwdkYudk

enf;EdkiforQenf;Edkifap&ef oihfavsmfaom enf;vrf;tokH;jyK a*[pepf ywf0ef;usift&nftaoG;

cefYrSef; apmifhMuyfavhvmjcif;udk aqmif&Guf&ef

Box 4.2 vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;twGuf xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef (vlrSkb0om,m0ajyma&;) wdkYESifh

qufEG,frSK&Sdonf CCRF \ t"duusaom Oya'orsm;

• xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk taumif;qHk;aom odyÜHtcsuftvuf om"ursm;ay:

tajccHíaqmif&Guf&ef (ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tcsuftvufom"u)?

xkdhtjyif &dk;&m"avhqdkif&m A[kokwrsm;udkrSwfwrf;jyKpk&ef

• a&vkyfom;rsm;eSifh ig;vkyfief;vkyfudkifolrsm;\ tcGifhta&;udkumuG,f&ef? txl;ojzifh rd&dk;zvm

wpfEdkifwpfydkif tao;pm;ig;vkyfief;rsm;? ¤if;wdkYtwGuf w&m;rQwaom toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ESifh

vkdvm;tyfaom tcGifhtvrf;&&Sda&;wdkYudkyg oifhavsmfovkdaqmif&Guf&ef

• pm;eyf&du©mzlvHkrSK ESifh a&xGufukeft&nftaoG; aumif;rGefa&;twGuf ig;vkyfief;u@\ yg0if

aqmif&Gufcsuftm; jr§ifhwif&efeSifh a'ocHwdkY\vkdtyfcsufjzpfonfh tm[m&vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk

OD;pm;ay; owfrSwf&ef

EAFM Oya'orsm; tao;pdwf

2.1 aumif;rGefaom tkyfcsKyfrI

tkyfcsKyfrIqdkonfrSm Oya'? pnf;urf;csrSwfí taumiftxnfazmfjcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;wGif aqmif&Gufonfh

pepf? tqifhrsm;ESifh tzGJYtpnf;rsm;yg0ifí jynfolrsm;ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJYrsm; (tzGJYtpnf;ESifhtpDtrH) wdkYonf

rdrdwkdY\ vkdvm;csufrsm;udk awmif;qdkjcif;? uGJjym;rIrsm;udk nd§EIdif;jcif;? udk,fydkiftcGifhta&;rsm;udk awmif;qdk

aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh wm0ef,ljcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ (AUS AID, 2000 )? tkyfcsKyfrIqdkonfrSm wcgw&HwGif

w&m;0ifESifh w&m;r0ifaom vkyfaqmifcsuftqifhrsm;yg0ifí yx0D - EdkifiHa&; jzpfwnfrIwpfck (Oyrm –

EdkifiH tpdk;&) ? vlrI – EdkifiHjzpfwnfrIwpfck (Oyrm - vlrsKd;pktBuD;tuJ? vlrsdK;pk? rdom;pkponf)?

tzGJYtpnf;rsdK;rsKd;? tpDtrHtrsKd;rsKd; yg0ifonf/

tkyfcsKyfrI (tkyfcsKyfjcif;) wGif atmufygwdkYyg0ifonf-

• EdkifiHa&;t& t"dutaxmuftuljyKjcif;

• Oya'tmPmjzifh pDrHcefUcGJjcif;

• xda&mufrSK&Sdonfh Oya'? rl0g'enf;ynmqkdif&m tzGJYtpnf;rsm;

• tpdk;&? jyifytzGJYtpnf;rsm;? o,HZmwt&if;tjrpf toHk;jyKolrsm;eSifh a'ocH tpktzGJU0ifrsm;tMum;

nd§EdIif; aqmif&Gufekdifa&; pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;

• yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSKjyKonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif a'ocHrsm; taxmuftuljyKay;jcif;

• Oya'tmPmowfa&mufapjcif;eSifh vkdufemusifhoHk;apjcif;

• pkaygif;yg0ifíqHk;jzwfcsufcsonfh vkyfief;pOf

• apmifhMunfhrSwfom;&ef owif;tcsuftvufrsm; yHhykd;ay;jcif;eSifh vufawGYvkyfaqmifjcif;rS avhvm

oif,ljcif;?

• pDrHcefYcGJ rSKjyK&eftwGuf vHkavmufrSK&SdNyD; &nf&G,fjrKyfeSHxm;&Sd&rnfh t&if;tjrpfrsm; (Oyrm- 0efxrf;?

&efyHkaiG? vkyfief;taxmuftuljyKud&d,mrsm;)xm;&Sdjcif;

• 0efxrf;rsm;\ vkyfief;uRrf;usifrSKeSifh ,HkMunfcsuf&Sd&Sdaqmif&Gufjcif;?

• tkyfcsKyfrItay:oufa&mufapaom jyify ya&m*rsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif; (Oyrm- aps;uGuf?

wGef;tm;? &moDOwk ajymif;vJrI? obm0ab;tEå&m,f usa&mufrI? pD;yGm;a&; vSkrSktqifh twef;

ESifh vlom;t&if;tjrpf wkdY zGHYNzdK;rIponfh)

tkyfcsKyfrIESifhywfoufaom tawG;tac:rSm azmfnTef;csufwpfckom jzpfaomfvnf; "good governance" aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfrIrSm pHjyKxm;&rnfh tkyfcsKyfrSKwpfckudk qdkvkdonf/ aumif;rGefaom pDrHtkyfcsKyfrI

t"dyÜg,ftwdtusrSm rl0g'ay:rlwnfí uGJjym;Edkifaomfvnf; a,bl,svu©Pm (8) ckyg&dSonf/

yHk 4.2 aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfrI\vu©Pmrsm;

http://www.unesco.org/pdd/prs/ProjedtActivition/Orgoing/gg/goverance.sgasp rS

wm0ef,lrI - tkyfcsKyfrItzGJYonf trsm;oabmwlxm;aom &Sif;vif;jywfom;onfh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twdkif;

worwfwnf;&Sdaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd rnfonhf twdkif;twmtxd csrSwfaqmif&GufEdkifonfudk jyoEdkif

&rnf/

yGifvif;jrifomrI – tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJY\ ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsufrsm;? qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;eSifh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;

csrSwfonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;onf tpdk;&? vlrItzGJY tpnf;ESifh jyifytzGJYtpnf;wdkY\ pDppfrI? a0zefrIwkdY

vkyfEdkif&ef yGifvif;jrifomrSK&Sd&rnf/ þenf;jzifh t*wd vdkufpm;rIudk enf;EdkiforQ enf;apEdkifygonf/

wHkUjyefaqmif&GufrSK – tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUonf trsm;tusKd;twGuf aqmif&Guf&mwGif vlYtzGJYtpnf;

vkdtyfcsuft& tvsiftjrefajymif;vJ&aom udpörsm;? aysmhajymif;n§ifompGm udkifwG,f&aom udpörsm;udk

tqifajypGm vdkufavsmwHkYjyefEdkifpGrf;&Sd&rnf/ rdrdtzGJYudkvnf; jyefvnf qef;ppfa0zefEdkif&ef toifh&Sdae&rnf/

rQwrIESifhtm;vHk;yg0ifrI – tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUonf qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwf&mwGif vlenf;pk\tjrifudk xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;ouJhodkY vlYtzGJYtpnf;wGif tedrfhqHk;jzpfaeolrsm; (tEå&m,fusa&mufygu rdrdzmom umuG,fEdkifpGrf;

r&Sdolrsm;) \ toHudkvnf; em;axmif&ygrnf/

xda&mufrI&Sdjcif;ESifhpGrf;aqmifedkifrSK – tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUonf jynfolrsm;twGuf t&nftaoG;&Sdaom &v'frsm;

&&Sd&ef tm;xkwf&rnf/ jynfolrsm;twGuf 0efaqmifrIay;&mwGif ukefusp&dwfESifh tumrdqHk; tajctae

&&Sda&;ESifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfolrsm;\ rlvarQmfrSef;csuftwdkif; taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufEdkifa&;

jzpfonf/

Oya'vdkufemrI – tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJYonf omwlnDrQrSKjzifh yGifhvif;jrifompGm csrSwfxm;onfh Oya'? pnf;rsOf;

pnf;urf;rsm;twkdif; oufa&mufrSK&Sdatmif aqmif&Guf&rnf/

yg0ifaqmif&GufrI – ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; (trsdK;om;^ trsdK;orD;) ESifh aqG;aEG;n§dEdIif;&mwGif

vnf;aumif;? qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwf&mwGifvnf;aumif; wuf<upGmyg0ifap&rnf/ tpkd;&tzGJUonf rl0g'

csrSwf&mwGif taxmuftuljyKapa&;eSifh ykdifqkdifrSKxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;tay: arQmfvifhcsufxm;&Sd&rnf/

trsm;oabmxm;ay:tav;xm;rSK – tpkd;&tzGJUonf rl0g'udk trsm;vufcHa&; tm;ay;jrSifhwif&ef

oabmxm;rsm;pGm &&Sda&;twGuf BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf&rnf/

EAFM twGuf aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfrIqdk&mwGif vlom;wdkYESifh a*[pepfwdkY aumif;rGefjynfhpkHa&; &&Sda&;

twGuf tmrcHaqmif&Guf&rnf/ tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;cGifh wdkYudkvnf; rQwpGmzefwD;ay;&rnf/ ig;vkyfief;wGif

pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh o,HZmwxkwf,lrIwdkYudk trsm;jynfol rjrifEdkifaomtajcaewGif aqmif&Guf (ig;vkyfief;udk

jynfolYu@rS aqmif&GufMuonfhwdkif trsm;jynfol rodjrifEdkifMu) ojzifh wm0ef,lrIrSm tvGef ta&;BuD;

ygonf/ wm0ef,lrIudk&&Sd&ef tmrcHcsufwpfcktaejzihf owif;tcsufvuf &&Sda&;udpöESifh rl0g'udpö wdkYrSm

yGifhvif;jrifom&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ t"dyÜg,ftjynfht0&Sdaom trsm;jynfolyg0ifí qHk;jzwfcsuf

csrSwf&aom udpörsKd;wGif owif;tcsuftvufESifh rl0g'yGifhvif;jrifomrIonf BudKwif&Sdxm;&rnfht&m

jzpfonf/

rl0g'xda&mufrI wdk;wufap&ef A[dkxdef;csKyfrIuif;aom pDrHcefYcGJrIjzifh aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ aqmif&Guf&ef

udpöwdkYudk a'ocHwdkY\ vdktyfcsuftwdkif; aqmif&Gufjcif; qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwf&mwGif ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkY

yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;udk ydkrdk tcGifhtvrf;ay;jcif; yg0ifygonf/ aumif;rGefaom tkyfcsKyfrI jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf

toHk;0ifaom tzGJYtpnf; tavhtxrsm;rSm –

• tzGJYtpnf;rsm;twGuf ydkrdk&Sif;vif;í NydKifqkdifrIuif;aom vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ay;&ef

• tpdk;&tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&tzGJYpnf;r[kwfaom tzGJYtpnf;rsm;odkY owif;tcsufvufrsm; ay;&ef

• tzGJYtpnf;rsm;Mum; w&m;pD&ifrIjyóem tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;avsmhcs&ef tpdk;&tzGJYtpnf; rsm;Mum;

tpDpOfrsm;udk jyefíjyKjyifwnfaqmuf&ef

• tzGJYtpnf;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh tzGJY0ifrsm;a&&SnftusKd;twGuf tzGJY\qkay;'Pfay;pepfudk jyefvnf

jyifqif&ef

• t*wdvdkufpm;rSKudkjzpfapaom tusdK;cHpm;cGifhqkdif&m y#dyu©rsm;tm; pDrHcefUcGJ&ef

2.2 qDavsmfrSK&Sdonfh owfrSwfe,fy,f

EAFM onf a&&SnfwnfwHhaom ig;vkyfief;rsm;jzpfxGef;apa&;twGuf EkdifiHa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;

e,fedrdwfxuf oufqdkif&ma*[ e,ferdwfrsm;udk toHk;csonf/ þtcsufonf ,cifEdkifiHa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;

e,fedrdwftwdkif;aqmif&Gufaom tpOftvmESifh BuD;rm;aomjcm;em;csufjzpfonf/ yuwdtajcaewGif

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrItwdkif;twmudk tajccHí EdkifiHa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&; e,fedrdwftwdkif; aqmif&GufNyD;

vlrIa&;pD;yGm;a&;ESifh a*[jyóemrsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;um ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI\ vkyfydkifcGifhudk

ydkíus,fjyefYapvdrfYrnf jzpfonf/ owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrSm rnfonfhtcsufonf taumif; qHk;jzpfonf[laom

trsm;oabmxm;r&Sdyg/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkfaomf ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrI,lepf (FMU) onf xkdoD;oefY

ig;vkyfief;\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh OD;wnfcsufrsm;ay:rlwnfonf/ (tcef;-10? tqifh 1.3 ESifh tcef;-16?

tajctaerSefudk ppfaq;jcif;-2)/

twdkif;twme,fy,fowfrSwfjcif;udk tcsuf (4) csufrS xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Edkifonf/ ,if;wkdYteuf (3)

csufrSm EAFM \tpdwfydkif; (3) ckESifh tvdkufoifhjzpfonf/

1/ a*[pepftwdkif;twme,fy,f

2/ vlrIpD;yGm;a&; twdkif;twme,fy,f

3/ EdkifiHa&;^tkyfcsKyfa&;twdkif;twme,fy,f

4/ tcsdefumvtwdkif;wme,fy,f

a*[aA'pepf e,fy,ftwdkif;twm owfrSwfjcif;

atmufazmfjyyg tcsufwdkYudkpOf;pm;oifhonf –

• &nf&G,fonfhrsKd;pdwf\ ysHUESHUyHkESifhtrltusifh

Oyrm – Ocs&mae&m? ig;zrf;vkyfief; vkyfukdif&mae&m? om;ayguf&mae&m? ESifh rwlnDaom

ig;zrf;uGufrsm; tkyfpkvkdufa&TUajymif;oGm;vmjcif;

• BuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom twdkfif;twme,fy,fjzpfpOf

Oyrm - tdEd,ork'&majrmufzuf? awmifzufpGef;e,fedrdwf a&pD;aMumif;rsm;\ wnf

ae&mESifh vrf;aMumif;rsm;? yifv,fa&aEG;? a&at;pD;aMumif;rsm;qHkí a&vSefjcif;jzpfay:onfh

ae&mrsm; wdkYonf q,fpkESpf twdkif;twmtxd MumjrifhpGm wnf&SdNyD; uDvdkrDwmaxmifaygif;

rsm;pGm us,fjyefUygonf/

• tao;pm; e,fy,fwkdU\ o&kyfvu©Pmrsm;

Oyrm - ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;ysHUESHyHk? jrpf0jrpfvufwufrsm;? jrpf0uRef;ay:a'orsm;? a&pD;nifom

aomae&mrsm;? a&atmufMurf;jyifxd wkdif;wmjcif;rsm;

• tpmuGef,ufjzpfpOfrsm;

tpmuGef,ufa*[aA'pepfonf rsKd;pdwfwdkY\ pm;oHk;rIESifh aygrsm;rI? ESD;EG,frIwdkY\ tajctae

ESifh jzpfysufrSKudk OD;wnfavhvmonf/ txl;ojzifh pm;aomufrItjyKtrl? pm;oHk;olESifh

t&if;tjrpf rsm;Mum; tjyeftvSef tusdK;jyKqufEG,frSK? ig;tkyfpkwdkY zGJYpnf;yHk? rsKd;wlrsKd;uGJudpö?

&IyfaxG;pGmyg0ifrI? xkwfvkyfrI (productivity) eSifh tom;pm; owå0grsm; ESifh om;aumifrsm;

qufEG,frIwkdYjzpfonf/ tpm uGef,uf twdkif;twme,fy,fudk EAFM wGif xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;oifhonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf a*[aA'vkyfaqmifrIESifhtwl ig;rsdK;pdwf

(OD;wnfaomrsKd;pdwf + OD;rwnfaomrsK;dpdwf) wdkY qufpyfrIudk od&Sdem;vnfap&efjzpfonf/

Oyrmtm;jzifh ig;vkyfief;wkdY\ ywf0ef;usifay: oufa&mufrIESifh ywf0ef;usif\ ig;vkyfief;

tay:oufa&mufrI Oyrm El Niño-Southern Oscillation tjzpftysufrsm;/

vlrIpD;yGm; twdkif;twme,fy,fowfrSwfjcif;

ig;vkyfief;wGif oD;jcm;tzGJUtpnf;i,frsm; (okdU) urf;&dk;wef;wckvHk;&Sd tzGJYtpnf;rsm;vnf;yg0ifonf/

xkdYjyif qdyfurf;rsm;eSifh ig;csqdyfurf;toD;oD;wGif ig;vkyfief;BuD;^i,f aqmif&Gufolrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/

þenf;tm;jzifh EAFM tpDtrHa&;qGJ&mwGif ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;udk owfrSwf&mwGif

tzGJYtrsKd;rsKd;yg0ifvmap&ef aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh oufa&mufrI&Sdapygonf/

xkdYtjyif owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrSm txufygtcsuftvufrsm;onf tcsdefESifhtrQ tjrJajymif;vJEdkifonf/

&moDtvdkufaomfvnf;aumif; ydkrdkMumjrifhaom umvwGifvnf; ajymif;vJoGm;Ekdifonf/ þodkY jzpf&jcif;rSm

a&vkyfom;rsm; ig;zrf;qD;vdkonfh taMumif;w&m;onf atmufygtcsufrsm;rS vTrf;rdk;aeaomaMumifh

jzpfonf/ ,if;wdkYrSm –

• &dk;&mtpOfvm pHowfrSwfcsuf (]]'Dae&mrSm igwdkYtNrJig;zrf;aewmyJ}} tawG;rsKd;)

• OD;pm;ay;rI taetxm;ajymif;vJjcif; (aps;uGufvkdtyfcsuft&)

• avmifpmqD aps;eSKef;

• a&TUajymif; a&vkyfom;? w&m;r0if a&vkyfom; –

tkyfcsKyfrItwdkif;twme,fy,fowfrSwfjcif;

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIpepf (FMU) \ Oya'a&;&m? w&m;pD&ifa&;e,fy,fonf a'owpfck\

vlrItzGJYtpnf;rS c&dkif wdkif;^EdkifiHawmf EdkifiHrsm; twdkif;twmxdESifh wpfurÇmvHk; twdkif;twm e,fy,ftxd

us,fjyefpGmvTrf;NcHKEdkif&ygrnf/ þodkY e,fy,ftwdkif; tqifhqifh &Sdjcif;aMumifh 0da&m"djzpfEdkifaom udpöwpfckrSm

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk tedrfhqHk;a'otqifhwGif aqmif&Gufaomfvnf; tkyfcsKyfrIe,fy,ftwdkif;twm

toD;oD;rS yg0ifywfoufvmEdkifrI aMumifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfa&;udpöwGif yg0ifvTrf;rdk;vmEdkifygonf/

EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHwGif ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcJGrI\ &nf&SnfOD;wnfcsufrSm tkyfcsKyfrItwdkif;twm tqifh

rsm;pGmwdkYudk ajyvnfpGm ñ§dEdIif;í us,fus,fjyefYjyefY yg0ifapa&; jzpfonf/ xkdodkYaqmif&Guf&ef yuwd

tajctaerSm ,ckvuf&Sd tkyfcsKyfa&;tpDtrHxuf apmaom tpDrHrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;vsuf rwlnDaom

tkyfcsKyfrIe,fy,f twdkif;twmwdkY vdkufavsmnDaxG aqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf/

EdkifiHtrsm;wGif ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk &yfuGuf jrLeDpy,faumifpD tqifhtxdqif;í aqmif&Guf

Muonf/ odkY&mwGif þenf;onf ig;t&if;tjrpfrsm;pGmtwGuf oifhavsmfaom tpDtrHtjzpfEdkfifajc

txl;ojzifh a&TUajymif;oGm;vmaom ig;rsm;udk qdkvdkonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh zdvpfydkifEkdifiH? Iloilo NrdKUe,f\

Banate yifv,fatmfwGif bufpHkyl;aygif;jrLeDpy,faumifpDrsm;&SdMuí aumifpDrsm;onf rdrd\ w&m;pD&ifa&;

e,fy,f&Sd&m us,fjyefYaom yifv,fjyifwGif pDrHcefYcGJMuonf/ w&mpD&ifykdifcGifhe,fy,ftm; jrSifhwifjcif;\

tm;omcsuf wpfckrSm e,fedrdwftjiif;yGm;rIudkvnf; avsmhcsEdkifjcif;eSifh t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; wpfpkwpfpnf;

wnf;jzpfatmif aqmif&Gufekdifjcif;jzpf onf/ pHjyKOyrmwpfckrSm ig;vkyfief; Oya'tmPm oufa&mufrI&Sdap&ef

aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf/ jrLeDpy,faumifpDtpkta0;onf uif;vSnfh,mOfwpfpD;jcif;? wpfzGJUjcif;uJokdU

xdef;odrf;Muyf rwf&ef rvdktyfawmhyg/ uif;vSnfh,mOftoHk;jyKNyD; ppfaq;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;

tm;jzifh Oya'tmPm oufa&mufrI&Sdvmojzifh tzGJYwpfzGJYjcif;\ t"dutvkyfrSm apmifhMuyfMunfh&Ijcif;ESifh

tpD&ifcHpm a&;jcif;wdkY omjzpfygonf/ xkdYtjyif aumifpDwpfcktwGuf e,fedrdwftpm; bHke,fedrdwf

jzpfvmojzifh w&m;r0if zrf;olrsm;udk vdkufvHzrf;qD;ta&;,l&mwGif e,fedrdwf tjiif;yGm;rI jyóem

r&Sdawmhyg/

Box 4.3 zdvpfydkifEkdifiH(jrLeDpDy,faumifpD)\ a&&Snfig;xkwfvkyfrIwkd;wufapa&;twGuf ig;vkyfieff;rsm;

wkd;jrSifha&;pDrHudef; (Fisheries Improved for Sustainable Harvest - FISH )

rMumrDupwifcJhaom USAID \ FISH Project onf ig;vkyfief;ESifh a*[pepfESD;EG,frIudk od&Sdap&ef

tm;xkwfrIwpfckjzpfvsuf EAFM udk taumiftxnfazmfa&; jzpfonf/ þpDrHudef;\ OD;wnfcsufrSm

zdvpfydkif EdkifiH\ a*[pepf½Iaxmifht& ta&;ygaom a'o (4) ck ( Danajon Bank, Celemicnn Island,

lanuga Bay, Tawi Bay) wdkYwGif ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIwdk;wuf&ef oifwef;ay;jcif; zGJYpnf;yHk wnfaqmuf

jcif;ESifh rl0g'wkd;wufa&;udk aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;?

pDrHtkyfcsKyfrIpepfwdkYudk csrSwfjcif;jzifh ig;zrf;qD;xkwfvkyfjcif; pepfudkajymif;vJ&ef &nf&G,fonf/ atmufyg

wdkYudk aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ tPÖ0gumuG,fxdef;odrf;a&;e,fajr (MPAs)? rsKd;pdwftvdkufpDrHcefYcGJjcif;?

ig;zrf;u&d,mrsm;udk xdef;csKyfMuyfrwfjcif;? ig;t&G,ftpm;owfrSwfjcif;? a&vkyfom;rsm;ESifh ig;zrf;avS

wdkYudk rSwfyHkwif&ef vdkifpifaumufapjcif;? ig;zrf;ZHk? a&ZHkowfrSwfjcif;? ig;vkyfief;Oya'udk wif;Muyfjcif;

rl0g'udk wdk;wufapjcif; owif;ay;jcif;? ynmay;jcif;? qufoG,fjcif; vIyf&Sm;rI wdkYudk aqmif&Gufjcif;

wdkYjzpfonf/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk owfrSwfxm;aom a&e,fedrdwftwGif;jzpfpOfrsm;? a*[pepfrsm;ESifh ywfouf

aom todOmPfwdkYudk wjznf;jznf;jrSifhwifay;&ef pDrHcefYcGJrIudk a*[pepftwdkif;twme,fy,ftxd

aqmif&Guf cJhonf/ pDrHcefYcGJrI&nfrSef;csuf aygufajrmufa&;wGif a*[pepf usef;rma&;tnTef;udef;

owfrSwfjcif; tpmuGef,uf\ t"duyg0ifaom rsKd;pdwf (pD;yGm;a&;toHk;0ifrsKd;pdwf) wdkYESifhywfoufí

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk csufcsif; aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh a*[pepfcsOf;uyfenf;jzifh tkyfcsKyfrIpepfwpfck

wdk;wufjzpfay:jcif; (rSefuefaom twkdif;wme,fy,f) wkdYudk aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkY jzpfygonf/

a*[pepfe,fy,fwpfcktwGif; ig;vkyfief;ESifhywfoufaom tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif twdkif;twm e,fy,f

yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd; yg0ifonf/ eD;pyfaom jrLeDpy,faumifpDtcsif;csif; avsmh&JpGm yl;aygif;jcif;rS jrLeDpy,f

aumifpD tcsif;csif; em;vnfrIpmcRefvTmtqifhjzifh yl;aygif;jcif;rS w&m0ifwdus cdkifrmaom ? wm0efcHaom

yl;aygif;rI txd uGJjym;Ekdifonf/ twdkif;twme,fy,ftrsm;pkwdYkrSm jrLeDpy,faumifpDrsm;tqifhESifh

ywfoufMuonf/ odkYaomf tcsKdUrSm a'otpdk;&tzGJYtqifhrS aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfí atmuftqifh

jrLeDpy,faumifpDodkY vrf;nTefrI ay;onf/ Oyrm-A[dkwdkif;a'orS Barjon Bank a'o/ pDrHcefYcGJrI

taumiftxnfazmf&ef MumjrifhcsdefrSm a'owpfckESifhwpfck tvdkufuGJjym;Muonf/ xkdYtjyif oufqdkif&m

jrLeDpy,ftqifh&Sd tpdk;&tzGJYwdkY\ Edk;Mum;rI? pdwf0ifpm;rI? yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvdkpdwf&SdrItay: rlwnfonf/

Oyrm wpfckrS Tawi-tawi a'owGif jrLeDpy,faumifpDrsm;onf yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef oabmwlnDrI

r&SdMuay/ ig;vkyfief;pDrHcHcGJrI atmifjrif&ef rl0g'rsm;udk oifhavQmfavQmufywfaom csrSwfcsufESifh

0ifa&muf pGufzuf&ef vdktyfonf/

,m,Dtwdkif;twme,fy,fowfrSwfjcif;

EAFM a*[pepfa&wdktusKd;&SdrIrS a&&SnftusKd;&SdrIodkY ajymif;vJtm&HkjyKoifhonf/ uRefawmfwdkY odMuonfh

twdkif;twm a&&SnfwnfwefYxdef;odrf;Edkifaom wdk;wufrIonf rQwrI&Sd&rnf jzpfí ]]tem*wf rsKd;qufopf

wdkY\ vkdtyfcsufrxdcdkufapyJ rsufarSmufrsKd;qufwdkY\ vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;jzpfonf}}/ a&&Snf

tusKd;jzpfxGef;rItwGuf ]]tay;t,l}} rsKd; aqmif&Gufoifhonf/ wpfcsdefcsdefwGif ]]atmifekdifol}} ESifh ]]&HI;edrfhol}}

jzpfvmEkdif&ef ]]&HI;edrfhol}} rsm;udk avsmfaMu;ay;&ef vkdtyfygrnf/ (tpdk;&trsm;onf þudpöudk a&SmifusOf

Muonf)/ a*[pepfonfvnf; tcdsefESifhtrQajymif;vJojzifh EAFM onf tajctaet& ajymif;vJ&ef

pOf;pm;xm;&rnf/ Oyrm-wpfESpfwmig;zrf;rI uefYowfjcif;rS wm&Snf tusKd;jzpfxGef;apaom a*[apepf

ajymif;vJjzpfay:rIESifh &moDOwkajymif;vJrIwkYdudkyg pOf;pm;&rnf/

ig;vkyfief;rsm;udk ydkrkdus,fjyefYaom a*[pepftoGifodkU wdk;csJU&ef ]]rSefuefaom}} twdkif;twm e,fy,f wpfck

&Sdygovm;?

ig;vkyfief;rsm;udk ydkrdkus,fjyefaom a*[pepftoGifodkY wdk;csJU&efrSefuefaom twdkif;twm e,fy,f

wpfckr&Sdyg/ odkY&mwGif twdkif;twme,fy,fowfrSwf&ef aocsmpOf;pm;&ygrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

rSm;,Gif;aom e,fy,ftwdkif;twm qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;aMumifh ig;vkyfief;rS rjynhfrSDonfh vlrIa&; pD;yGm;a&;?

a*[pepfa&;ponfwdkYom &&Sdygrnf/

tajccHtm;jzifh rsKd;pdwfwpfckwnf;udkzrf;aom ig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm;udk xdef;csKyf&mwGif ig;vkyfief;yrmP

tBuD;^tao;wGif&Sd ig;zrf;a&,mOfrsm;eSifh ig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm; tay:vnf; rlwnfygonf/ trSeftm;jzifh

EAFM twGuf owfrSwfcsufonf nd§,l&ygrnf/ EAFM \ t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;wGif

]]t"dyÜg,ftjynfht0&Sdaom a*[pepfe,fedrdwf}} [k az:jyavh&Sdaomfvnf; c&k? a&arSmf uJhodkY rvIyf&Sm;aom

owå0grsm;ESifh wlem ig;uJhodkY tvGefvsifjrefpGmoGm;vmEdkifaom owå0gwdkY\ a*[aA'e,fedrdwfonf

odompGmuGmjcm;ygrnf/

EAFM pepfjyifywGif vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ESifh oufa&mufrIrsm; tjrJyif&Sdaernfomjzpfí EAFM twGif;odkYvnf;

oufa&mufrI&Sdrnf jzpfonf/ þtcsufrsm;onf vspfvsL&Iír&bJ wpfenf;enf;jzifh ajz&Sif;&rnfomjzpfonf

tkyfcsKyfrIe,fy,fwdkif;wmudk wdk;csJUjcif;ESifh ydkrdk yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyf&ygrnf/

owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrSm EAFM pepfokdU ajymif;vJvkyfaqmifa&;eSifhywfowfí rSefuefaom twdkif;

twme,fy,f&&Sda&;twGuf ylyefp&mrvdkyg? ydkaumif;aom csOf;uyfrIwpfckrSm a*[pepf e,fy,f

twdkif;wmudk pOf;pm;&mwGif ig;vkyfief;\ yrmP (rnfrQzrf;rdEdkifrnf r&nf&G,fyJzrf;rdrnf) ,if;a'o&Sd

vlwdkY\ pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeESifh ,Ofaus;rIwdkUudk pOf;pm;&rnf/

tjrifhqHk;atmifjrif&ef EAFM pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif vufawGYus&ygrnf/ vufawGUusaom twdkif;

twme,fy,fESifh e,ferdwfudk pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ xdkYtjyif vuf&dSw&m;pD&ifa&; e,fedrdwfudkvnf; pOf;pm;

&ygrnf/ qdkvdkonfrSm zrf;qD;&ef&nf&G,fonfh ig;tkyfudk t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom w&m;pD&ifa&; e,fedrdwfxJ xnfhí

pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ (Oyrm- EdkifiHawmf odkYr[kwf a'oBuD;rsm; w&m;pD&ifa&;)

w&m;pD&ifa&;e,fy,fudk jzwfausmfjcif;onf pdefac:rIwpf&yf jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif EAFM onf

twlwuGyl;aygif;jcif; vdkufavsmnDaxG nd§EdIif;jcif;udk aqmif&GufEdkifaom abmifwpfckudk csrSwfxm;ygonf/

(tcef;- 8? pwifjcif; (u)? ESifY tcef;-16 + tajctaetrSefudkppfaq;jcif; (2) MunfYyg/)

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ EdkifiHtrsm;wGifig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrIudk atmufygtqifhjzpfaom &yfuGuf jrLeDpy,f

tqifhwkdYaqmif&GufMuonf oif\tkyfpkrsm;xJrS atmufygar;cGef;udkajzyg/ ]]ig;vkyfief;tm;vHk;udkpDrHcefYcGJ&ef

c&dkif jrLeDpy,ftqifhonf rSefuefaom twkdif;twm e,fy,f jzpfygovm; vufawGYoifcef;pm?/

3.3 / ydkrdkyg0ifyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;/ EAFM qdkonfrSm yg0ifyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf jzpfpOf jzpfonf/

EAFM wGif ig;vkyfief;a&&SnfwnfwHhckdifjrJa&; OD;wnfcsufudk aqmif&Guf&mwGif a'owGif;&Sd ig;t&if;

tjrpfudk toHk;jyKolrsm;ESifh tpdk;& (a'otpdk;&? wdkif;tpdk;&? EdkifiHawmf? EdkifiHawmfrS wqifhtpdk;&) wkdY

twlrQa0 wm0ef,lrI tkyfcsKyfrIwdkYudk jyKvkyf&ygonf/ EAFM onf yl;aygif;yg0ifonfh jzpfpOfjzpfojzifh

pDrHcefYcGJrI jzpfpOfwGif yg0ifywfowfonfh t"dutpdwftydkif;wpfcktjzpf yg0ifMuonf/ (yl;aygif;yg0if

aqmif&Gufjcif; tao;pdwfudk tcef;-9? pwifjcif; (c) ESifY People Toolkit wGifMunfhyg/)

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh o,HZmwtoHk;jyKolrsm;wGif vlrsm;? tdrfaxmifpkrsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yg0ifvQuf

ig;vkyfief;ESifh qufpyfa*[pepfwGif yg0ifywfoufMuonf/ toHk;csonfh yHkpHtrsdK;rsKd;&SdEdkifygonf/ Oyrm -

wHigonfrsm;? c&D;oGm;vkyfief;vkyfolrsm;? urf;ajca'o zGHYNzdK;a&;vkyfolrsm;? a&aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&; vkyfief;?

ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;olrsm; ponfh..../

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif vlydkrdkyg0ifapjcif;aMumifh tjiif;yGm;p&mudpö? ydkjzpfvmrSmvm;?

tcsKdUudpöwGif yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf pD;yGm;a&;t& NydKifqdkifaeMuolrsm;jzpfMuojzifh pdefac:rI

wpf&yfjzpfEkdifonf/ txl;ojzifh ,cifuyif tjiif;yGm;&ef ypfrI&SdcJhzl;ygu (Oyrmtm;jzifh o,HZmw

toHk;csolrsm; tcsif;csif;Mum; odkYr[kwf tzGJYtpnf; tcsif;csif;Mum; Oyrm ywf0ef;usifXmeESifh ig;vkyfief;

Xmersm;Mum;) a&&SnfwGif tjrifrwluGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;aMumifh jyóemrsm;udk ydkrdkod&Sdem;vnf vmMuí

tcsif;csif; jyefvnfoifhjrwfvmMujcif; (wpfOD;csif;tjrifwGifom taoqkyfudkifjcif;tpm;)udkom jzpfaponf/

EMFM wGif xHk;wrf;pOfvmt& qkHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;yg0ifojzifh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk BudKwif ajz&Sif; EkdifpGrf;&Sdí

xdkodkYajz&Sif;Ekdif&ef enf;vrf;rsm;&Sdygonf/ (tcef;-12? tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif;(1) ESifh People Toolkit udkMunfhyg)

tcef;-8? tpjyKvkyfief; (u) wGif ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;udk azmfjyí EAFM \ vkyfief;tqifhwGif

yg&Sdonf/ t"duyg0if ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;tkyfpkudk rwlnDaom toH? tjrifrsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKí

zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; tkyfpktvdkuf udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYu ,if;wdkY\ vdkvm;csuf rsm;udk

EAFM pDrHcsufwGif xnfhoGif;wifjyMuygonf/ þvdkvm;awmif;qdkcsufrsm;onf EAFM \ &nfrSef;csufESifh

yef;wdkifwdkY\yHkudk az:aqmifay;rnfjzpfygonf/ þenf;jzifh vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh a*[pepfa&;&mwdkYwGif

tay;t,l nd§dEIdif;MuvdrfhrnfqdkonfrSm ,HkrSm;p&m r&Sdyg/ (tcef;-3? ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKESifY a*[pepf

tajcjyKjcif; udkMunfhyg)/

yg0ifywfouf&ef tvm;vm&SdolwdkYwGif a&vkyfom;rsm;? ig;vkyfief;toif;rsm;? tpdk;& (a'otqifhrS

EkdifiHawmf tqifhxd)? ig;vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufolrsm; (avSydkif&Sifrsm;? aiGacs;olrsm;)? Oya'pnf;urf;

vdkufemrIESifh Muyfrwfxdef;odrf;rI? tjcm;toHk;jyKolrsm; (3 v c&D;oGm; vkyfief;? qdyfurf;NrdKUrsm;) ESifh

jyifytzGJUrsm; (Oyrm NGO rsm;? okawoe ynm&Sifrsm;) (yHk – 4.3)/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIrS csOf;uyfjcif;enf;jzifh yl;aygif;yg0if aqmif&GufrIudk ydkítm;ay;ygonf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrI qdkonfrSm yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh tpdk;&rsm;tMum; yl;aygif;í rQa0wm0ef ,lrIESifh rQa0

tmPmydkifrI jzpfvsuf rQa0tmPmydkifrIwGif tqifhtrsKd;rsKd;yg0ifonf/ (ydkrdktao;pdwfod&ef tcef;-9?

tpjyKvkyfief; (c)? ESifY tcef; 16 tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (2) udkMunfhyg)

yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufrIjzpfpOf

Oyrm 1/ ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI tpDtrHwpfck a&;qGJaqmif&GufpOf

pydef / FAO \ a'otwGif; ig;vkyfief;toufarG;0rf;ausmif; tpDtpOf (RFLP) wGif Sulu – Celebes yifv,f&Sd Sardine ig;vkyfief;twGuf pDrHcefYcGJrI tpDrHwpfckudk aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ a'otqifh?

EkdifiHtqifh? EkdifiHwumtqifh (zdvpfydkif? rav;&Sm;? tif'dkeD;&Sm;) yg0ifonf/

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk ig;vkyfief;ESifhywfoufaom a'o\vdktyfcsufrsm;? a'o\ 0daoo

vu©Pmrsm;? jyóemrsm;udk &SmazGazmfxkwfaponf/ Oyrm - tao;pm;ig;vkyfief;i,frsm;ESifh pD;yGm;jzpf

ig;vkyfief;BuD;rsm;tMum; tjiif;yGm;wdkufcdkufrIrsm;? a'ocHrsm;ESifh a'oqdkif&mtpdk;&Mum; ig;vkyfief;

Oya'ESifh ywfoufí oabmrwlrI? tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;/ bufpHkyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI? pDrHrIcefYcGJrIrsm;udk

aqmif&GufcJhojzifh tqifhqifhaom uGJjym;aom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;aqmif&GufEkdifcJhonf/

Oyrmtm;jzifh zdvpfykdif EkdifiH East Sulu yifv,fowfrSwf{&d,mukd Sordius ig;rzrf;&&moDOya'trdefYukd

2011 wGif csrSwf EkdifcJhonf/ Ekd0ifbm^'DZifbmvrS azazmf0g&D? rwfvtxd pD;yGm;jzpf0kdif;ykdufrsm;?

0kduf;csKyfykdufrsm;? usm;yg;pyfykdufrsm;jzifh rzrf;&trdefYukd 3 ESpfqufwkdufowfrSwfcJhonf/ ESpfpOf rzrf;&

trdefYukd 3 ESpfqufwkduf owfrSwfcJhonf/ ESpfpOftrdefYtwkdif; vkdufemaqmif &Gufrl&Sdr&Sdukd aumfydwfrS

Muyfrwfxdef;csKyfí ESpftvkdufatmifjrifrI&Sdr&Sd aMujimEkdifcJhonf/ trdefYpnf;urf;azmufzsufolrsm;ukd

jypf'PfcsrSwfjcif;yg0ifonf/

3.4 / &nfrSef;csufaygif;pkH

EAFM atmifjrif&efa*[pepfwpfcktwGif;&Sd tuefYtowfay:rlwnfí ig;o,HZmwukd xdef;odrf;

apmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh a&&nfwnfwefYí xkwf,lokH;pGJjcif; (2) &yfukd n§dEIdif;ay;rIay:rlwnfonf (Mannar

yifv,fauGU Oyrm Munfhyg)/ xkdYtjyif a*[a0'? pD;yGm;a&; ? vlrIa&;udpöwkdYukd yx0D0ifa'o wpfcktwGif;

nDrQpGmrQa0n§dEIdif;ay;EkdifrIay:rlwnfonfh vufawGU? pmawGY tcuftcJrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;Ekdif&ef EAFM taejzifh

ukd,fwkdifyg0ifí rwlaomu@rsm;? vlYtzGJYpnf;rsm;Mum;n§dEIdif;ay;jcif;? tay;t,l jyKvkyfay;jcif;wkdYukd

vkyf&ygonf/ þokdYaqmif&GufEkdif&ef a&&SnfEkdifiHa&;pdwf"gwfxufoefrI (jynfhpkHaom t&if;tjrpfjzpfaom

vltiftm;? aiGtm;vnf;vkdtyf) twl a&wkd vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? taxmuftyHhay;rI (txl;ojzifh

a'ocHrsm;ukd ) yhHykd;&efwkdYyg0ifonfh txufwGifazmfjycJhonfhwkdif; EAFM tusKd;aus;Zl;rSm tvGefBuD;rm;ygonf/

3.5 / tzGJUtpnf;tvkdufyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIESifh yl;aygif;n§ dEIdif;rI

EAFM ukd aqmif&Guf&mwGif tkyfcsKyfa&;twkdif;wme,fy,fESifh pDrHcefYcGJrItwkdif;twm e,fy,f Mum;wGif

o[Zmwjzpf&ef vkdtyfcsufukd&&Sdatmif tmrcHaqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif twkdif;twm

e,fy,ftrsKd;rsKd; txl;ojzifh tkyfcsKyfrItwkdif;twm trsKd;rsKd; (a'otzGJUtpnf;rS wkdif;tzGJYpnf;?

EkdifiHawmftzGJUtpnf; txd) wkdYMum; qufoG,frIESifY yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI &Sd&efvkdtyfonf/

tkyfcsKyfrItwkdif;twme,fy,f (qkdvnfonfrSm Oya't& w&m;pD&if;a&;t& ½IaxmifhrS pOfpm;ygu)

onf tzGJYtpnf;rsm;yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIESifh eD;pyfpGm ywfoufonfh (tcef;-8? tpjyK

vkyfief; (u)? task 5 ESifY tcef;16? tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (2) Munfhyg)/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf

ig;vkyfief;tzGJUrsm;ykHrSefaqmif&Gufcsuf qkdvkdcsufonfrSm ae&mrsm;pGm xkdig;vkyfief;rsm;ukd pDrHcefYcGJ&ef xuf

ausmfvGefívnf;aumif; EAFM aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;twkdif; (qkdvkdonfrSm ig;vkyfief;ESifhqkdifaom? Rqkdifaom

vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? ig;vkyfief;ESifh a*[pepftay: oufa&mufaom u@rsm;ukd pDrHcefYcGJjcif;)

a&muf&Sd&efESifh ig;vkyfief;ESifhrqkdifaom u@rsm;ukdvnf; pDrHcefYcGJrI aqmif&Guf&rnf jzpfygonf/

EAFM ukd aqmif&Guf&mwGif tzGJYtpnf;rsm; tcsif;csif;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifY n§dEIdif;rSKvkdtyf&jcif;

taMumif;&if;rSm EAFM onf ig;vkyfief;u@ESifh tjcm;vkyfief;u@rsm; tjyeftvSefESD;cs,frIukd ykdí

&Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm aqmif&Gufay;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ (ykH 4.3) odkY&mwGif tjcm;u@rsm;ESifh qufoG,frI

rjyKvkyfrDtwGif; tzGJYtpnf;rsm;tcsif;csif; pepfwusykHrSef&Sd&ef OD;pGmaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ Oyrm

ig;vkyfief;odyÜHESifh okawoevkyfief;rsm;onf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrItwGuf taxmuftuljyKaom owif;

tcsuftvufrsm;ukd ay;Ekdifygovm;? aemufwpfqihfaqmif&Guf&efrSm u@rsm;tvkduf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;

twGif; xda&mufrI&Sdaom yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIESifh n§dEIdif;rIukd&,l&efjzpfonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm ig;vkyfief;ESifh

wkduf&kdufywfoufaom u@rsm;tjzpf ig;vkyfief;ESifh wpfenf;enf;ywfoufaom u@rsm;tjzpf

ig;vkyfief;ESifh wpfenf;enf;ywfoufaom^ okdYr[kwf wenf;wpfzHk wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&aom u@rsm;vnf;

yg0ifonf/ Oyrm ynm&yftzGJYtpnf; (wuúokdvf ponf) wkdYwGif aqmif&GufMuaom ig;okawoe ESifY

apmifhMunfhavhvmrI? vSKyf&Sm;rSKrsm;onf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIukd taxmuftuljyKygovm;? okdYr[kwf

ig;vkyfief;tzGJYonf a&wyfESifh urf;ajcapmifhwyfwkdYESifh n§dEIdif;í ig;vkyfief; Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;ukd Muyfrwf

xdef;odrf;aeMuyg ovm;/

ykH 4.3 / EAFM ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,ffolrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh n§dEIdif;jcif; qufpyfrIrsm;/

ig;vkyfief;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh ig;vkyfief;ESifhqufpyfaom tjcm;vkyfief;u@rsm;\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI

aumif;rGefvmonfESifhtrQ tjcm;aomqufpyfrIr&Sdaom u@rsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;rGefaom yl;aygif;

aqmif&GufrI &&Sdvmrnfomjzpfygonf/ þenf;jzifh ig;vkyfief;ESifhqufpyfavhr&Sdaom tjcm;u@rsm;? Oyrm

pkdufysKd;a&;? pGrf;tif? c&D;oGm;vkyfief;? aqmufvkyfa&;? trsKd;orD;a&;&m? ig;ESifh yifv,frS t&if;tjrpf

u@wdkYESifY yl;aygif;aqmif&GufedKifygonf/ twlwpfuG yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh tjcm;vkyfief;u@

toD;oD;wkdYonf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIatmifjhrifa&;twGuf ukefusp&dwfrQcHjcif;? tusKd;aus;Zl;rQa0cHpm;jcif;?

atmifjrifrI okdYr[kwf qkH;&IH;rIukd rQa0cHpm;wkdYukd &&Sdygrnf/ pnf;urf;Oya'xkwfjcif;? tjiif;yGm;wkdufckdufrIwkdYukd

ajz&Sif;jcif;? tmPmcGJa0jcif;? vlrIa&;udpöwGif yg0ifjcif;? qufoG,fn§dEkdif;jcif; udpöwkdYwGif twlwpfuG

yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef vkdtyfygonf/

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? n§dEIdif;jcif;udpöaqmuf&Gufa&;twGuf enf;vrf;Oyrmrsm;rSm

• tjcm;tzGJYpnf;rS yk*¾Kdvfrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;jcif;jcif;

• tcsuftvuf? owif;rQa0ay;jcif;

• a'owGif;? wkdif;twGif; aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ukd taxmuftuljyKjcif; tulnDjcif;/

• n§dEIdif;ay;aom okdYr[kwf tm;jznfhay;aom tpDtrHrsm;? bwf*sufrsm; (u@toD;oD; tzGJUtoD;oD;

yg0if) ESifh yef;wkdifrsm;

• tjcm;aom yl;aygifaqmif&Guf&ef tpDrHrsm;ESifh qufoG,fn§dEIdif;ay;jcif; Oyrm ICM • tzGJYtpnf;rsm; tMum; tpDtrHrsm;csrSwfjcif;/

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;Mum; pDrHaqmif&Guf&mwGif em;vnfrIpmcRefvTm (MoU) jzifh jzpfap? ykdrdkwif;usyfaom

csKyfudkifjcif;oabmrsKd;jzifhjzpfap aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh tzGJYtpnf;rsm;Mum; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ukd tm;jznfhay;

ygonf/

tdEd,EkdifiH? refemyifv,fauGU obm0xdef;odrf;a'o?

tzGJYtpnf;rsm; tcsif;csif; yl;aygif;n§dEIdif;rIukd tjynfht0taumiftxnf razmfEkdifonfhtcg jzpfay:

vmaom tusKd;w&m; Oyrm wpfck

tzGJYtpnf;rsm;? u@rsm;tMum; yl;aygif;rI? n§dEIdif;rItm;avsmhaomtcg? r&Sdaom tcgwGif

awGY&onfh Oyrmaumif;wpfkckjzpfygonf/ refemyifv,fauGUrSm tdEd,EkdifiHawmifzufpGef;? wmrDem'l;

jynfe,f\ ta&SUawmifykdif;urf;ajc ESifh oD&dvufEkdifiH\ taemufajrmuf urf;ajca'owkdY yg0ifonf?

1998 ckESpfwGif obm0xdefodrf;a'otjzpf tpdk;&u Oya' xkwfjyefowfrSwfcJhonf/ ,cifu trsKd;om;

O,smOftjzpf owfrSwfcJhaom oEÅmausmufcufuRef; (21) uRef;? ,if;wkdYESifh (10) uDvkdrDwm ywfvnf

Mum;cHZkH wkdYyg0ifonf/ Mum;cHZkHwGif jrpf0jrpffvufwufrsm;? urf;ajcrsm;? 'Da&awmrsm;yg0ifonf/

rlv&nf&G,fcsufrSm yifv,f rsKd;pdwfrsm;ukd umuG,f&efjzpfí tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;ukd

opfawm|merS wm0ef,l&efjzpfonf/ þobm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a'oZkHwGif &maygif;rsm;pGmaom

&Gmrsm;? NrKdUi,frsm;ESifhtwl urf;eD;a'o ig;zrf;uGufrsm;tay: rSDckdtm;xm;ae&aom wpfEkdifwpfykdif

ig;vkyfief;ESifh pD;yGm;jzpf ig;vkyfief;BuD;wGif vkyfukdifaeMuaom a&vkyfom;rsm; yg0ifonf/

þa'oukd wnfaxmifonfh &nf&G,fcsufrSm urf;ajcESifhyifv,ft&if;tjrpf o,HZmwrsm;ukd

xkwf,l&if; a&&SnfwnfwefYatmif xdef;odrf;&efjzpfonfh atmufygtcsuf wkdYyg0ifygonf/ ZD0rsKd;pkHrsKd;uGJ

xdef;odrf;jcif;? ig;tvGeftuRHzrf;onfhpepf? u&d,mrsm;ukdxdef;csKyfjcif;? tpm;xkd;toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;

rsm; pDrHtaumiftxnfazmfay;jcif; Oyrm - ig;arG;jrLa&;ESifh c&D;oGm;vkyfief;? aus;vuf a'o

zGHUNzKd;a&;ESifh qif;&JrGJawrIavsmhcsa&;? a&vrf;aMumif;xdef;csKyfjcif;? ukef;ajrtokH;csrIukdxdef;csKyfjcif;?

a&qkd;rsm;? pGefYypönf;rsm;aMumifh yifv,fjzifhnpfnrf;rIukd wm;qD;jcif;wkdYyg0ifonf/ þobm0xdef;odrf;

a'oukd wnfaxmifNyD;aemuf jyefvnfokH;oyf&mwGif u@toD;oD;tMum;? tzGJYpnf;toD;oD;Mum;

yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI n§dEIdif;rIrsKd; r&SdoavmufeJyg;cJhonfukd awGY&onf/ yifv,furf;ajca'o? yifv,f

a&jyif ESifh ig;vkyfief;wkdYESifh t"du qufpyfaom XmeBuD; (3) ck jzpfMuonfh ig;vkyfief;Xme? urf;ajca'o

pDrHcefYcGJa&;tmPmykdiftzGJY? ywf0ef;usifnpfnrf;rI umuG,fxdef;csKyfa&;bkwftzGJYwkdYrSm wkdifyifn§dEIdif;rI vkH;0

r&SdMuyg/ þobm0 xdef;odrf;a&;a'oESifh rdrdwkdYtzGJU bmrSrqkdif[kom oabmxm;Muonfukd

awGY&onf/ xkdYaMumifh atmifjrifxda&mufrIr&Sdaom? tjiif;yGm;rSKudkjzpfapaom pDrHcefYcGJrI ykHpHrsKd;om jzpfap

ygonf/

Oyrmtm;jzifh trsKd;om;O,smOfESifh om;&kdif;wdpmäefOya't& opfawmXmeonf rsKd;pdwfrsm;ESifh

,if;wkdY\ ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;ukd umuG,f&efwm0efESifh tpm;xkd;toufarG;0rf;ausmif; taumiftxnf

azmfa&; wm0efwkdYukd ,l&ygonf/ wpfcsdefxJwGif ig;vkyfief;Xmeu ig;tpGrf;ukeftxGufwkd;a&;twGuf

wHigonfrsm;ukd axmufyHhjcif;wkdYukd aqmif&Guf&ygonf/ þokdY xdyfwkduftjiif;yGm;zG,f&mudpö ay:ayguf

cJhojzifh tcsKdUudpöukd twwfEkdifqkH; ajz&Sif;cJhMuygonf/ Oyrm aus;&Gmtvkduf oD;oefYpDrHcefYcGJrIpepf?

pnf;urf;csrSwfjcif;? umuG,fxm;aomrsKd;pdwfrsm;ukd rzrf;&trdefYxkwfí Muyfrwfxm;qD;jcif;/ (oEÅm

ausmufwef; rysufpD;&ef umuG,fjcif;tygt0if) 'Da&awmrsm;rckwf&? vdyfrzrf;& trdefYxkwfjyef

Muyfrwfjcif; ponfwkdYjzpfonf/ okdY&mwGif aus;&Gmtqifh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;wGif tm;enf;csuf? uefYowf

csufrsm;&Sdygonf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf tpkd;&u w&m;0iftodrSwfjyKxm;aom tzGJYrsm; t[kwfjcif;? ESifh

pnf;urf;trdefYxkwfjyef&mMu&mwGif &kd;&mtpOftvmt&&SdcJhaom vufawGUESifh todOmPfrsm; yg0if

xnfhoGif;jcif;r&Sdjcif; ponfwkdYjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh vkyfief;u@toD;oD; tzGJYtoD;oD;rS bufpkH

pDrHcsufrsm; csrSwfrSom u@wpfckrS aqmif&Gufcsufonf tjcm;u@wpfck\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;ukd

xdckdufoufa&mufrIr&SdEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/ a&&SnfwnfwefY ckdifNrJa&;twGuf u@toD;oD;? tzGJY

toD;oD;Mum; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI? n§dEIdif;rI&SdrSomvQif xda&mufrI &Sdrnfjzpfygonf/

3.6 vkdufavsmnDaxG&Sdaom pDrHcefYcGJrI

vkdufavsmnDaxGaom pDrHcefYcGJrIonf tcsdefESifhtrQ ajymif;vJrIwkdYukd pDrHcefYcGJEkdifaom abmifwpfckukd

csrSwfay;onf/ (txufwGif azmfjycJhaom ,m,Dtwkdif;twm e,fy,fowfrSwfjcif;jyóemukdMunfhyg)?

vkdufavsmnDaxGpDrHcefYcGJrIqkdonfrSm pDrHcefYcGJrI\ &v'fukd jyefvnfokH;oyfwefzkd;jzwfí ,if;rS oifcef;pm

,l&ef jzpfonf/ ,if;onf BudKwifumuG,frSKenf;vrf;ESifh ESD;EG,fonf (atmufazmfjyygtykd'fukdMunfhyg)/ ykH

(4.4) tcsuftvufrsm;? owif;rsm; tm;vkH;jynfhpkHpnfhtxd apmifhMunfh avhvm okH;oyf&if;jzifh &&Sdaom

oifcef;pm rSm oifhavsmfaom jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;ukd aqmif&GufEkdifonf/

ykH 4.4 / vkdufavsmnDaxGpDrHcefYcGJrIonf raocsm? ra&&mrIukd tcsdefESifhwajy;nD avsmhcs&efjzpfNyd;

aqmif&GufcJhaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf xda&mufrI&Sdr&Sdukd okH;oyfqkH;jzwf&efjzpfonf/ tvkyf jzpfaom

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukdqufívkyfaqmif&efjzpfNyD; tvkyfrjzpfaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd ypfy,f&efjzpfonf/

3.7 BudKwifumuG,frSK enf;vrf;

BudKwifumuG,frSKenf;vrf;ukd EAFM \ t"du ausm&kd;tjzpf,lqEkdifonf/ ,if;ukd UNCED 1992 rS

rlvt"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufrSm

]]jyefvnfrjyKjyifEkdifaom ysufpD;rI odkYr[kwf Ncdrf;acsmuftEÅ&m,f&SdrI? odyÜGenf;us aocsmjynfYpkHrI

r&SdaomaMumifh ( ) wkdYudktaMumif;jy&ef ywf0ef;usifysufpD;rIukd umuG,f Ekdifaom vkyf&yfrsmukd

tcsdefrqGJxm;oifhyg/

(1995) wGif jyKvkyfonfY ukvor*¾nDvmcHwGif ESpfedkifiHtMum;aexdkifonfY ig;tkyfpkrsm;ESifY a0;vHpGm

a&TYajymif;oGm;vmonfY ig;tkyfpkrsm; ig;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfoufaomrlukd atmufygtwkdif; csrSwfcJhonf/

EkdifiHtoD;oD;ü owif;tcsuftvufrsm;rjynfhpkH? raocsmra&&monhftcgrsKd;wGif ykdí owdxm;

oifhonf/ odyÜHenf;usowif;tcsuftvufrjynfhpkHrIukd taMumif;jy&ef xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrIESifh

pDrHcefYcGJrIukd tcsdefrqGJxm;oifhyg/ (ukvor*¾? 1995)

BudKwifumuG,frSKenf;vrf;rS vmaomtcsuf (2) ckrSm

1/ tcsuftvufowif;rjynfhpkHrIukd taMumif;jyí ta&;r,lrI? raqmif&Gufjcif; r&Sdap&/

owif;rjynfhpkHrIukdtaMumif;jyí tcsdefqGJonfhAsL[mwpfcktjzpf vkyfavh&SdMuonf/ aocsm

xif&Sm;onfh ywf0ef;usifjyóemwpfckukd awGY&Sdygvsuf aemufxyfokawoejyK&ef vkdtyfao;onfrSm

odyÜHynm&yf tzGJUtpnf;ESifhomoufqkdifonf? vkdufavsmnDawGpDrHcefYcGJrIt& tvkyfpwifaqmif&Guf

Ekdifonf/ ,kHwrf;ykHjyiftjzpf ajymavh&SdonfhwpfckrSm odyÜHenf;usowif;tcsuftvuf rjynfhpkHao;í

tcsdKYaom a*[pepfukd EAFM wGif tokH;csí r&ao;yg/ odyÜHenf;usavhvmrIr&Sdao;aom tvGef

enf;yg;aom a*[pepf a'orsm;? twGufqkdvQif txl;ajymzG,f&mr&Sdawmhyg/ taMumif;jycsufrsm;jyvsuf

ta&;,l aqmif&Gufjcif; vkH;0jyKvkyfMurnfr[kwfyg/

okdY&mwGif EAFM onf a*[pepfwpfckvkH;ukd pDrHcefYcGJ&efr[kwfyg/ pDrHcefYcGJrIukd bufpkHjzpfap&efom

jzpfonf/ tedrfhqkH;tqifhwGif vlom;rsm;aMumifh ig;vkyfief;ay:oufa&mufrIukd pDrHcefYcGJ&efjzpfonf/

trSefqkd&vQif EAFM (vlwkdY\ tjcm;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tyg0if)onf vkyfief;pwif&ef owif;

tcsuftvuf tNrJwrf; &Sdygonf/ owif;tcsuftvufomr&SdrSefygu ig;vkyfief;rsm;wGif BuKH&aom

jyóemrsm;ukdyif od&SdEkdifrnf r[kwfay/

2/ raocsmra&&mrI&SdonfhtcgrsKd;wGif tEÅ&m,feJaompDrHcefYcGJrIrsKd;jzpfoifhonf

owif;tcsuftvufrjynfhpkHrSKESifh raocsmra&&mrI (2) ckMum; uGmjcm;csufrsm;av tEÅ&m,feJaom

pDrHcefYcGJrIjzpfavjzpf&rnf/ vkdufavsmnDaxGaom pDrHcefYcGJrIrSwqifh tajctaeonf ,ciffuxuf

qkd;onfukd od&Sdvmygu tEÅ&m,feJaom pDrHcefYcGJ rIrSwqifh aemifwGif trSm;jyifjcif;ukd aqmif&Guf

Ekdifonf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf? Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ESifh jyóemrsm;ukd jyefvnfzwf&Ií EAFM \ tpdwfykdif; (3) ckukd

xnfhoGif;pkpnf;ay;yg/ tkyfpkvkdufvkyfMuyg/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf? oif,ckaqmif&Gufaeaom EAFM tpdwfykdif;rsm;ukd azmfjyyg? uGm[ rIrsm;ukd

azmfjyyg? wkd;wufaumif;rGef&efenf;vrf;rsm;ukd tBuHjyKyg? wpfOD;csif;avhusifhyg/ xkdYaemuftkyfpki,fzGJYí

oif\tawG;tac:ukd tjcm;olrsm;ESifhrQay;yg/

EAFM az:aqmif&efBudK;yef;rSK

Module – 5


• EdkifiHtpdk;&wpfcku tcsdefMumvmonfESifhtrQ EAFM odkY OD;wnfjcif;udk

avhvmjcif;

• EAFM odkY OD;wnfonfqdk&mwGif ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmtwGif; vkyfief;i,f rsm;pGmrS

tqifhqifh wdk;wufatmifjrifrI yg0ifaMumif; todtrSwfjyK&ef

• EAFM twGufowfrSwfaom yHkaoyHkpH? o@efr&SdaMumif;od&ef? EAFM onf

EdkifiHtvdkuf? tajctaetvdkuf? ,Ofaus;rI "avhtvdkuf oD;jcm; oD;oefY

jzpfMuonfudk od&ef

• EAFM odkY OD;wnfonfhudpöwGif oif\EdkifiHu rnfonfhae&mwGif &yfwnf

onfudk pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf&ef

• EAFM odkY oif\EdkifiHOD;wnfaeygu BuHK&rnfhpdefac:rIrsm;udk azmfjy&ef


þoifcef;pmwGif EdkifiHtpdk;&wpf&yfjzpfonfh tar&duefjynfaxmifpk (USA)tpdk;&onf q,fpkESpfrsm;pGm

twGif; tqifhrsm;pGmvkyfaqmifjcif;rS&&Sdonfh wdk;wufjzpfxGef;rSkrsm;rSwpfqifh orm&dk;us ig;vkyfief;

pDrHcefYcGJrIrS EAFM odkY ajymif;vJMudK;yrf; azmfaqmifcJhygonf/ ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI Oya'rsm; rl0g'rsm;onf

EAFM odkY rnfodkYrnfyHk tqifhqifh ajymif;vJ vmonfudkaqG;aeG;rSkjyKxm;jyD; ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI (atmufwGif

tav;ay;azmfjyxm;) wGif EAFM Oya'orsm;tm; rnfodkYrnfyHkydkrdkvufcHtwnfjyKvmcJhjcif;eSifh ywfoufonfh

avhvmrSk jyKvkyfxm;&Sdcsufrsm;tm; toHk;jyKazmfjyxm;&Sdygonf/

ed'gef; - taxmuftuljyK ig;vkyfief;tufOya'

1976 ckESpf tar&duefESifhwuG urÇmwpf0ef;wGif ig;vkyfief;rsm;,dk,Gif;ysufjym;vmcJhNyD; aemuf

tar&duefuGefu&ufonf ig;o,HZmwrsm;udk xdef;odrf;&efESifh pDrHcefYcGJ&ef EdkifiHawmftqifh tpDtpOfwpf&yf

csrSwf&efvdkaMumif; aMujimtwnfjyKcJhygonf/ tvGeftuRH ig;zrf;jcif;udk umuG,f&ef ukefcrf;vkjzpfaeaom

ig;tkyfpkwdkYudk jyefvnfysKd;axmif&ef? xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrIudk tmrcHcsufxm;íaqmif&Guf&efESifh EdkifiH\

ig;t&if;tjrpfwefzdk;ukd od&Sd&efyg0ifonf/ þaMumfjimcsufESifhtwl Magnuson – Stevens ig;vkyfief;

xdef;odrf;a&;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJa&; tufOya'onf (1976) wGifxGufay:vmcJhygonf/ þtajccHtufOya't&

a&rdkif (3) rdkifrS (200) twGif; ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;udk aqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf/ txufazmfjyyg

tufOya'onf orm&dk;us ig;vkyfief;Oya'rS ajymif;vJrIwpfckjzpfvmNyD; EAFM odkY ajymif;vJMudK;yrf;

vkyfaqmifvmonfudkawGY&onf/ odkY&mwGif xdkuJhodkYajymif;vJ vkyfaqmifvmjcif;onf vuf&SdwGif rsKd;pdwf

wpfckudkom OD;wnfaomenf;vrf;(odkY) ig;vkyfief;u@&yf pDrHcefYcGJrI enf;vrf;eSifhomudkufnDrSk&SdaMumif;

awGU&Sd&rnfjzpfygonf/

,if;tufOya't& urf;&dk;wef;a'ojynfe,frsm;\ tcGifhtmPmydkifrIudk todtrSwfjyKvQuf (Oyrm-

[m0dkif;&D? umvDzdk;eD;,m;? tdk&D*Gefjynfe,frsm; ponf) jynfe,fwpfckpDwGif urf;ajcrSpía&rdkif(3)rdkiftxd

jynfe,ftvdkuf pDrHcefYcGJ&efjzpfonf/ wpfEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmjzifh wnDwnf;&Sd&ef ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh

xdef;odrf;rIudkEdkifiHawmfpHEIef;tjzpf (10) ckowfrSwfcJhonf/ ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrItpDpOf (FMP) tm;vHk;?

jzefYusufxm;aom FMP tm;vHk;ESifhig;vkyfief;pnf;rsOf;tm;vHk;onf EdkifiHawmf\pHEIef; (10) ckESifh udkufnD

&rnfjzpfjyD; xdkpHEIef;rsm;wGifrsdK;pdwftvdkufxdef;odrf;rIESifhpDrHcefYcGJrIenf;vrf;rsm;yg0ifygonf/

þtufOya'rS a'otvdkufig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIaumifpD (8)ck zGJYpnf;cJYonf/ xkdaumifpD (8)ckonf USA

tpdk;&twGif;wm0ef&Sdaom tzGJYtpnf; (Oyrm- NOAA \ National Marine Fisheries Service NMFS ) wdkYtm;

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJ&ef a'o(8) cktwGif; (Fisheries Management Plan – FMP ) ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;

pDrHcsufcsí aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ xdktcdsefumvu a'oqdkif&mig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrIaumifpD (8)ckwdk\

t"duvkyfief;rSm FMP udkwdk;wuftaumiftxnfazmfa&;jzpfí yifv,fjyif&Sdt&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh ig;aeig;xkdif

rsm;udk xdef;odrf;&efESifh ig;zrf;qD;rIESifhxkwfvkyfrI wdkYudka&&Snf wnfwHhap&ef enf;vrf;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk

aqmif&Gufay;&efjzpfonf/

xdka'owpfckcsif;qdkif&m ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIaumifpDwdkYwGif EdkifiHawmftqifh (z,f'&,f tqifh)

tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ygonf (Oyrm-ig;ESifhom;&dkif;wd&pämef0efaqmifrI) (Oyrm-urf;&dk;wef;a'o jynfe,frsm;

tzGJYtpnf;rsm; - Oyrm jynfe,fig;vkyfief;|mersm;) Oyrm - pD;yGm;jzpf ig;zrf;olrsm;ESifh taysmfwrf;

tyef;ajzig;zrf;olrsm;ESifhwuG ig;vkyfief;t&if;tjrpf xdef;odrf; jcif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;udk od&Sdem;vnfolrsm;

yg0ifonf/ a&vkyfom;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&trIxrf;r[kwfolrsm;tm; urf;&dk;wef;jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;u

a&G;cs,fwm0efay;tyfMuygonf/

FMP udktaumiftxnfazmfMu&mwGif aumifpDtzGJY0ifrsm;? jynfolrsm;? ig;vkyfief;rSyk*d¾Kvfrsm;? a'ovdkuf

ig;vkyfief;aumifpDrS vlrsm;? NOAA rS vlrsm;tMum; wdkifyifnd§EIdif;rIrsm;vkyfMuygonf? aumifpDtaejzifh

atmufygtzGJYtpnf;rsm;udk zGJYpnf;wnfaxmifay;avY&Sdygonf/ Oyrm-FMP zGHUNzdK;a&;tzGJY ig;vkyfief; tBuHay;

aumfrwD odkYr[kwf tzGJY wpfBudrfoHk;tBuHay;tzGJU tkyfpkrsm;? odyÜHESifhpm&if;tif;aumfrwD ponf/ þtzGJYrsm;

twlwuGpkaygif;í FMP wkd;wufa&;twGufowif;tcsufrsm;ay;Muygonf/ þenf;jzifha'oaumifpDwdkYonf

t"du yg0ifolrsm; yl;aygif;rInd§EdIif;rIudkaqmif&Gufay;ygonf/ (EAFM Principle #5 cooperation and coordination

udkMunfhyg)

jynfolrsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;

• oufqdkif&ma'o ig;vkyfief;aumifpDESifh ,if;\ tBuHay;tzGJYjyóemonf a'otvdkuf

jynfolrsm;ESifh xdawGYaqG;aEG;jcif;udk jyKvkyf&efvdktyfonf/ odkUrSom pdwf0ifpm;olrsm;tm;vHk; FMP wnfaxmifa&; udpöESifh FMP Oya'pnf;urf; jyifqifa&;udpö wdkYudk Mum;emod&SdEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/

(EAFM Principle #3 Increared Participaction) • FMP odkY FMP Oya'jyifqifrIudk taumifxnfazmf&efrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmMumjrifYEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/

pDrHcefYcGJrIudpörsm;udk Oya'tjzpfodkYajymif;vJa&muf&Sd&ef 'gZifaygif;rsm;pGmaom nSdESdKif;pnf;a0;yGJrsm;?

tpnf;ta0;rsm; jyKvkyfcJYMuygonf/ (EAFM Principle # adaptive Manaperment)

jzpfpOfrsm;tay: avhvmjcif;

þtcef;wGif ypdzdwftaemufydkif;a'o ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIaumifpD\ vkyfaqmifrSKtay: tav;xm;í

jzpfpOfrsm;udk avhvmoHk;oyfaz:jyxm;&Sdygonf/ þaumifpDonf atmufyg urf; &dk; wef; EkdifiH rsm;wpf0dkuf&Sd

oD;oefh pD;yGm;a&;ZHkwdkYtay: w&m;pD&ifcGifhtmPm&Sdonf-

1/ "eo[m,edkifiHrsm;wGifyg0ifonfh ajrmufr&d,emuRef;pk

2/ *ltrfuRef;a&ydkifeuf

3/ tar&duefqmrdk0guRef;pka&ydkifeuf

4/ [m0dkif,D jynfe,f

5/ USA xJxnfhoGif;xm;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; ,if;\ydkifqdkfifonfha'orsm; – Howland uRef;rsm; Baker, Jarvis

and wekes, Johnstell Atoll, Palmy Atoll, Kingman Reef.(uRef;rsm;? ausmufaqmifMuD;rsm; oEÅmuRef;rsm;

yg0ifí ,if;wkdYudkpkaygif;NyD; Pacific Remote Island Area [kac:Muonf/)

avhvmxm;&Sdcsuf - trSwf (1)

a0;vHonfha'owpfckjzpfaom [m0dkif&DtaemufajrmufuRef;rsm;&Sd ausmufykZGefvkyfief;tm; orm;&dk;us

enf;vrf;jzifhpDrHcefYcGJjcif;

[m0dkif&DtaemufajrmufuRef;rsm; (NWH1) rSm a0;vHjyD; vlraeaom uRef;rsm;? ausmufaqmifrsm;?

a&atmufjrKyfaeaom urf;ajcrsm;yg0ifí uDvdkrDwm 2000 twGif;wnf&dSMuvsuf vlaeaom t"du

[m0dkif&DuRef;rsm;\ taemufajrmufbufwGif&Sdonf/ 1970 ckESpftv,fwGif vlaeaom [m0dkif&D uRef;rsm;rS

ig;t&if;tjrpfrsm;onf tvGeftuRHig;zrf;qD;rIaMumifh avsmhenf;usqif;vmcJhygonf/ t"duuRef;rsm;&Sd

ig;t&if;tjrpfrsm;tay: usa&mufonfhxdcdkufrItm; avsmhyg;oufomap&ef tpm;xkd;t&if; tjrpfrsm; &SmazG

wdkif;wmjcif;wdkYudk aqmif&GufchJMuygonf/ xdkodkYavhvm&SmazG&m tqdkyga'owGif ausmufykpGefrsm;

(ausmufykZGefacgif;vHk;? acgif;jym;) aygrsm;pGm&SdonfudkawGY&onf/ 1977 ckESpfwGif ausmufykpGefzrf; vkyfief;ESifh

ausmufykpGefokawoevkyfief;wdkYudk pwifcJhonf/ 1983 ckESpfwGif taemufypDzdwfa'o ig;vkyfief;

pDrHcefYcGJa&;aumifpDonf ykpGef? *Pef;zrf; vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&; pDrHcsufudkcsrSwfcJhonf/ þpDrHcsufonf

owdxm;csOf;uyfjcif; yHkpHjzpfí Magruson –steven tufOya' 1976 twdkiff;jzpfonf/ (EAFM Principle #7

Precationary Approach) ,if;tufOya'wGif owfrSwfti,fqHk;t&G,ftpm; (OD;acgif;cGH tvsm;ay:

rIwnfonf) yg0if í ausmufykpGefwkdYudk a&teufrDwm 20 atmuf a&jyifwGifzrf;qD;cGifhrjyK&ef yg&Sdyg onf/

yHk 5.1 / taemufajrmuf [m0dkif&DuRef;rsm;rS ESpftvdkufzrf;qD;;&&SdrI (qdyfurf;wGifa&muf&SdvmrI) tajctae

1983 rS 1985^1986 twGif;ig;vkyfief;tvGefvQifjrefpGmBuD;xGm;vmonf/ zrf;qD;&&SdrI (qdyfurf;

a&muf&SdvmrI)onf rufx&pfwef 68000 rS 1043262 weftxd wkd;jr§ifh vmcJhygonf/ (yHk-5.1) aemuf 6

ESpfrS 7ESpftwGif; zrf;qD;&&SrIonf wef 68000 odkYwjznf;jznf;jyefusoGm;onf/ 1991wGifzrf;qD;&&SdrIonf

80%usqif;oGm;onf 1992 wGif uefYowfrIrsm;(ig;zrf;avS 15 pif;xufrydk&)ESifh ig;&rnfhyrmP

uefYowfrIrsm;jyKvkyfvmcJh&ygonf/ odkY&mwGif o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm; rlvtwkdif; jyefvnf aumif;rGef&ef

rjrifaomaBumifh 1995 rS pí tuefYtowfjzifh aqmif&Gufaomprf;oyf(okawoe) zrf;qD;rIudka

qmif&GufcJhonf/ 1996 wGifzrf;qD;&Edkifacs\ 13%om zrf;qD;&efowfrSwfcJhonf/ þodkY owfrSwf&mwGif

tEÅ&m,f&SdEkdifrI 10% tay:rlwnfowfrSwfonf/ (EAFM Principle #6 Adaptive management)

þowdxm;csOf;uyfrIay:rlwnfí uefYowfcsufaBumifh ausmufykpGefta&twGuf jyefwdk; vmrnf[k

,lq&onf/ odkY&mwGifjyefvnfemvHrxlEdkifawmhojzifh 1999 ckESpfwGif ydwfypf&onf/ ausmufykpGef tkyfpkudk

avhvmwdkif;wmaomyHkpHaz:jrLvmrSm aocsma&&mrIr&SdaomaMumifh ydwf&jcif;jzpfonf/ ydkíwdk;wuf&ef

odyÜHenf;us ausmufykpGefaygrsm;rIudk avhvmwdkif;wmaomyHkpHjzifh aocsma&&maom tajz&&dSNyD;aemuf

ausmufykpGefvkyfief; jyefvnfpwifEdkifrnf[k BudKwifarQmfrSef;Muaomfvnf; trsm;\ pdk;&drfylyefrIaMumifh

ausmufykpGefzrf;qD;a&;udk tNyD;tydkifydwfvdkuf&onf/ xdkYjyifqdk;0g;pGm tEÅ&m,f usa&mufaeaom zsH (monk

seals)umuG,fa&;ESifh NWH1 a'owpfckvHk;udk 2001 wGif oEÅmausmufwef; a*[pepfxdef;odrf;a&;

a'otjzpf owfrSwfcJhygonf/ 2006 ckESpfa'owpfckvHk;udk trsKd;om;tPÖ0g txdrf;trSwf O,smOf

tjzpfowfrSwfedkifcJhygonf/

NWHI ausmufykZGefvkyfief;rS&&SdonfY oifcef;pmrsm;

• ausmufykpGefaygrsm;rIudk wdkif;wmonfhyHkpHrSm owfrSwf{&d,m(odkY)owfrSwftcsdeftwGif; &&Sdonfh

txdtrdyrmP (catch per Unit effort - CPUE) tay:wGufcsufxm;í ausmufykpGefrsKd;pdwf (2) rsKd;

(acgif;vHk; ESifhacgif;jym;) \ txdtrdyrmPtm; wGufxkwfazmfjyxm;&Sdygonf/

• wdkif;wmavhvmonfhyHkpH (uGefysLwmrdk',f) onfa*[pepf\ ukefxkwfpGrf;tm; tajymif;tvJ

twuftus&SdrSk tay:rlwnfjyD; xnfhoGif;wGufcsufxm;jcif;r[kwfyg/ ukefxkwfpGrf;tm; usqif;

csdefwGif zrf;qD;xkwfvkyfrIu qufírsm;aeojzifh ausmufykpGefwnf&SdrSkyrmPtm; qufvuf

avsmhenf; apedkifrnfjzpfygonf/

• wdkif;wmwGufcsuf&mwGif tkyfpkwpfckwnf;\ta&twGufay: xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;xm;ygonf/

aemuf&&Sdvmaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;t& ausmufykpGefwdkY\ OD;a&onf tkyfpktwdus

r[kwfbJ us,fjyefYpGmjyefYusJaeonf/ xdkYjyifwGufcsuf&mwGifoHk;aom tcsuftvufrsm;onf

ig;tvGefaygrsm;onfha'orS&&SdcJhaom tcsuftvuftay:rlwnfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh a&&Snf

wnfwHhrSktm;xdcdkufrSkr&SdbJ tjrifhqHk; xkwfvkyfedkifonfh yrmP (Maximum Sustainable Yield- MSY ) tay:cefYrSef;wGufcsufrIrsm; wdusrSk r&SdcJhyg/

• ausmufykZGefwkdYonf rsdk;okOf;&Sm;yg;rSktEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeaomzsH (bkef;BuD;zsH monk seals) wkdY\tpmjzpfygonf/ USA \ Endangered Species Act (rsdk;okOf;&Sm;yg;rSk tEÅ&m,f us&mufrI

tufOya') t& ausmufykZGefzrf;vkyfief; udkygydwfyif&jcif; jzpfygonf/

• ausmufykZGefvkyfief; tvsiftjrefBuD;xGm;vmNyD;aemuf usqif;í ydwfvdkuf&onfh oifcef;pmudk

&&Sdonf/ or&dk;usig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif tm;enf;csufrSm MSY twGufom tav;xm;

avhvmpDrHxm;jcif;jzpfí ausmufykpGeftkyfpkwnf&SdrSk ESifhydkí us,fjyefYaom ywf0ef;usifay:

tm&HkpdkufrI r&SdcJhay/

• a'owpfck\ig;vkyfief;udk pDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif&nf&G,fxm;aomrsKd;pdwf (Oyrm-xdkrsKd; pdwftm;

pDrH&efuefYowfjcif;) tay:tpjyKí pDrHcefYcGJ&aomvnf; wa&GUa&GUajymif;vJonfh jzpfpOfjzpfonf?

ausmufykZGeftkyfpk OD;a&tjctaeudk wduspGmrod&aomtcgwGif owdxm;csOf;uyfonfhyHkpHtjzpf

zrf;qD;a&;vkyfief;wpfckvHk; ydwfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ tcsdefMumvmonfESifhtrQ pDrHcefYcGJrIonf

tjcm;udpöjzpfaom ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;t ay: xdcdkufrIudkygxnfhoGif;vkyfaqmifvmcJhygonf/ ( NWHI a'owpfckvHk; umuG,fa&; a'ojzpfvmí a&owå0gzrf;qD;rItm;vHk;udk ydwfcJh&ygonf/)

þodkYMum;jzwf0ifa&mufaqmif&GufcJhaomfvnf; okawoejyKvkyfawGY&Sdcsuft& ukefcef;oGm;aom

t&if; tjrpf yrmPonf csufcsif;jyefvnfemvHxlEdkifjcif;r&SdaMumif;awGY&Sd&onf/

EAFM onf orm;&dk;uspDrHcefYcGJrItay:tajccHvsufpDrHcefYcGJrIudk ydkíus,fjyefYatmif wdk;csJYjcif;? yg0if

ywfoufolwdkY\ tcef;u@udkwdk;csJYjcif;? owif;tcsuftvufydkrdk&&Sda&;twGuf aqmif&Gufjcif; owdxm;

csOf;uyfrIonf rlvtwdkif;aqmif&Gufjcif; MSY wpfckwnf; tay:tajccHjcif;r[kwfyJ tcsufrsmpGmtay:

tajccHí pDrHcefYcGJrIudkaqmif&Gufygonf/

Magruson-Steven Act tufOya'udkjyifqifjcif; (a&&SnfwnfwHhaom ig;vkyfief; tufOya' 1996)

1996 wGif Magnuson-Stivens Act 1976 udk ta&;BuD;aom jyifqifrIrsm;jyKvkyfí Sustainable Fishing

Act 1996 (FSA) udk xnfhoGif;cJhygonf/ t"duajymif;vJjyifqifrI 2 ck &Sdygonf –

1/ xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJjcif;rlwdkYwGif zrf;rdNyD; jyefvTwfjcif;rludk xnfhoGif;xm;onf?

2/ ig;wdkU\ rjzpftaeZmwd&yfajr (Essential Fish habitats EFH) udk xnfhoGif;xm;onf EFH udk

t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf&mwGif ig;Ocs&efom;ayguf&ef? tpmpm;&ef? t&G,fa&mufonftxd BuD;xGm;&ef

Zmwd&yfudk qdkvdkonf/

USA \ a&jyiftm;vHk;wGif EFH udk umuG,f&efyg&Sdjcif;aMumifh EAFM taumiftxnf azmf&mwGif

Oya'ydkif;? rl0g'ydkif;t& taxmuftul &&Sdygonf/

avYvmrSK trSwf (2)

taemufypdzdwfa'owGif oEÅmausmufwef; a*[aA'pepftajccH ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI tpDpOf

taumifxnfazmfjcif;

oEÅmausmufwef;a*[pepf FMP taumiftxnfazmfjcif;

Sustainable Fishirian Act, 1996 tay:rlwnfí taemufypdzdwfa'o ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJa&;

aumifpDonf 2004 ckESpfwGif oEÅmausmufwef;a*[pepftajccH ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrI tpDtpOfudk

csrSwfcJhonf/ NOAA uvnf; ,if;tpDpOfudk a&G;cs,f&,lonfh &nf&G,fcsufrSm ,if;vkyfief;wdkYonf urf;ajcrS

3 rdkif tuGmta0;xuf ydkwdk;csJUvmygu oEÅmausmufwef; twGif;&Sd t&if;tjrpfwdkYudk xkwf,loHk;pGJrIudk

xda&mufpGm pDrHcefYcGJ&efjzpf ygonf/ (yHk-5.2)

oEÅmausmufwef;a*[pepf FMP \&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifrsm;

t"duyef;wdkifrSm taemufypDzdwf a'oBuD;wpfckvHk;twGuf wm&SnfwnfwHhaom oEÅm ausmufcuf

twGif; ig;vkyfief;wnfwHh&efESifh ig;tkyfpkrsm; Zmwd&yfajrumuG,fxm;aom rsKd;pdwfrsm;ESihf a*[pepfwdkYudk

qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIrS wm;qD;umuG,f&efjzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumifh OD;wnfcsufyef;wdkifrsm;onf a*[pepf

tajccHaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI tpDtpOfjzpfí EAFM odkY rSwfom;zG,f&m OD;wnfajymif;vJrIwpfck

jzpfygonf/ (EAFM Principle #4 Multiple bojectives)

yHk 5.2 / taemufypdzdwfa'o&Sd oEÅmausmufwef;a*[pepf

Coral Reef Ecosystem FMP \ pDrHcefYcGJrIqdkif&m&nf&G,fcsufrsm;

1/ a*[pepftajccHí t&if;tjrpfrsm;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;eSifh MudKwifvkyfaqmifenf;vrf;rsm; toHk;jyK

jcif;jzifh a*[pepfeSifh &dk;&m,Ofaus;rIt& xdcdkufvG,fonfh tjyKtrlrsm; &Sdonfhae&ma'orsm;&Sd

rsKd; pdwfaygif;pHk\ t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; a&&SnfwnfwHhpGm toHk;jykEdkifa&;tm;ay;aqmif&Guf&ef?

2/ oEÅmausmifwef;ESifh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif aysmhajymif;íjyKvG,fjyifvG,faom

pepfrsKd;xm;&Sd&ef? vQifjrefpGmajymifvJEdkifaom Oyrm-tcsKdYwdkYrSm t&if;tjrpf aygrsm;rI? tajymif;

tvJ odyÜHenf;us owif;tcsuftvuftopf&&Sdvmjcif; vltkyfpktvdkuf? a'otvdkuf

ig;zrf;rIyHkpHtajymif;tvJ (EAFM Principle #6 Adaptive Management)

3/ t&if;tjrpfESifh ywfoufaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;&&Sda&;? tqdkygtcsuftvuf toHk;

jyKcGifh &&Sda&;? ig;vkyfief;ESifh a*[pepfqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;&ef okawoeESifh

apmifhMuyfMunfh&Iavhvmjcif; aqmif&Gufa&;? oD;oefYpD;yGg;a&;Zkef&Sd oEÅm ausmufwef;a*[pepf

wdkYudkpDrHcefYcGJ&efESifh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf&eftwGuf taxmuftuljyKaom odyÜHenf;us

tcsuftvufowif;rsm;pkaqmif;&&Sda&;wdkYjzpfygonf/

4/ oEÅmausmufwef; t&if;tjrpfay:vlwdkY\ qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIudk enf;EdkiforQenf;ap&ef

umuG,fa&;a&jyif topfwdk;csJUjcif; vuf&SdwnfqJumuG,fa&;a&jyifrsm;udk ydkrdkwdk; wufatmif

aqmif&Gufjcif;? ig;zrf;qD;rIaMumifh usa&mufonfhig;zrf;pGrf;tm;tay: pDrHcefYcGJjcif;?

tavtvGifhrsm;aom ig;zrf;onfhtusifhpepfudk xdef;csKyfjcif;? oEÅmausmufwef; o,HZmw

t&if;tjrpftay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufolwdkY\ jyKrlcsufrsm;tm; avsmhcsjcif;? obm0twdkif;

rQwpGmnd§EdIif;rI&Sdaom oEÅmausmufwef;a*[pepf jyefvnf &Sifoef&ef umuG,fjcif;wdkY

jzpfygonf/ þOD;wnf&nfrSef;csufrsm;wGif ta&;ygonfh ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;tm; xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh

umuG,fjcif;wdkYyg0ifonf/ ( EAFM Principle #4 Multiple objectives)

5/ oEÅmausmufwef;a*[pepftay: jynfolESifhtpdk;&wdkY ydkrdkod&Sdem;vnfvm&efESifh þ a*[

pepf\ tusKd;aus;Zl;ESihf tumuG,frJhtEÅ&m,fusEdkifonfh tjctaeudk owdjyKrd&ef

vlwdkYaMumifh qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIudkavsmcs&efESifh pDrHcefYcGJrIudk taxmuftuljyKaom vkyf&yfrsm;

&&Sdvmap&ef? ( EAFM Principle #3 Increased participation)

6/ tjcm;oufqdkif&mtzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? oEÅmausmufwef;rsm;tm; twl

wuG pkaygif;xdef;odrf;jcif;? xkdodkY us,fjyefY&IyfaxG;vSonfh a*[pepftay: xda&mufpGm

apmifhMuyfavhvmEkdif&ef tjcm;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifhtwl qHk;jzwfcsuf csjcif;? tcsuftvuf

t&if;tjrpf (vl+aiG)&&Sda&; rQa0jcif;jyKvkyf&ef (EAFM Principle # 5 cooperation and

coordination)

7/ pDrHcefYcGJrItpDrHESifhaqmif&Gufcsufudk taxmufuljyK&ef apmifhMuyfppfaq;jcif;ESifh Oya'tmPm

oufa&mufrSk&Sdapjcif;wkdU wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmapa&; jrSifhwifaqmif&Guf&efeSifh wGef;tm;

ay;&ef (EAFM Principle #1 Good Governance)

8/ a'owGif;ig;zrf;olrsm;onf oEÅmausmufwef;ig;vkyfief; a&&SnfwnfwHha&;twGuf yg0if

yl;aygif; aqmif&GufEdkifMu&ef aqmif&Gufay;&efESifh vufawGYususaqmif&GufEdkifaom a'ocH

rsm;tay: pD;yGm;a&;t& qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIudk enf;EdkiforQenf;ap&ef (EAFM Principle #3

Increased Participation)

Coral Reef Ecosystem FMP rS pDrHcefYcGJaomrsKd;pdwfrsm;

oEÅmausmufwef;a*[pepftwGif;&Sd rsKd;pdwftm;vHk;yg0ifonf/ ,if;owå0g wdkY\ b0wavQmufwGif

t"dua&atmufMurf;jyif a&teuf 91.4 rDwm (a&tvH 50) twGif; aexdkifMuonf/

Coral Reef Ecosystem FMP taxGaxGpDrHcefYrIpepfrsm;

• tP0gumuG,fxdef;odrf;a&;e,fajr (MPAs) uGef,ufwpfck wnfaxmifjcif;/

• tqdkygae&mrsm;twGif; ig;zrf;a&;ESifh oEÅmausmufwef;a*[pepf pDrHcefYcGJa&; ,lepf

atmufygig;rsKd;pdwf (Coral Ecosystem Management Unit Species CRE-MUS ) zrf;qD;a&;twGuf

cGifhjyKrdefY (ygrpf) owfrSwfa&;ESifh MPA wGif ig;zrf;&ef vdktyfcsufrsm; csrSwfuefYowfjcif;/

• ig;zrf;u&d,mESifh zrf;onfhpepfwdkYudk pDppfí tavtvGifhjzpfapaom ^ tvHk;pHk aoaMu ysufpD;

apaom u&d,mESifhpepfudk cGifhrjyK&ef/

• owfrSwfaomrsKd;pdwfudkom OD;wnfzrf;aom u&d,mESifhpepfudkom cGifhjyK&ef/

• oEÅmausmufcufESifh ouf&Sdrsm;wG,fuyfaom ausmufwHk;wdkYudk ,lcGifhrjyK&ef (odyÜHynm avhvm&ef

twGuf txl;cGifhjyKrdefY tuefYtowfjzifom ,lcGifhjyK&ef)

• ig;vkyfief;tm;vHk;twGuf uefYowfxm;&Sdonfh eSpfpOfzrf;qD;xkwfvkyfedkifonfhyrmP (annual catch limit - ACL)udkowfrSwfí pDppfEdkifaomenf;vrf;xkwfazmf&ef/ txufygtcsufwdkYudk ig;vkyfief;

pDrHcefYcGJa&; pDrHcsufwGif xnfhoGif;&efjzpfygonf/

taxmuftuljyKrI0g'

Magnuson-stevens ig;vkyfief;xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJa&;tmPm jyefvnfay;tyfjcif; tufOy' 2006/

2007 ckESpf Zefe0g&DvwGif or®wonf Magnuson-stevens ig;vkyfief;xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJa&;

tmPm jyefvnfay;tyfjcif; tufOya' 2006 udk vufrSwfxdk;cJhonf/ þOya'opfonf &Iaxmifhaygif;pHkrS

junfhvQif xl;jcm;aom Oya'opf jzpfonf/ Oyrm - ESpfpOfzrf;,l &&SdrI uefYowfcsuf (ACL) udk csrSwfjcif;?

aps;uGufay: tajccHvQuf us,fjyefYaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk txl;tcGifhta&;cHpm;rIudk avQmhcsowfrSwf

ay;jcif;? EdkifiHwum ydkrdkyl;aygif;rIudk awmif;qdkjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/

rsdK;pdwftajccH FMP rS a*[pepftajccH FMP odkY ajymif;vJvkyfaqmifjcif;

2001 ESifh 2004 Mum;wGif tpjyKcJhí 2004 wGif wnfaxmifcJhaom Coral Reef Ecosystem FMP

tjyif atmufazmfjyyg FMP rsm;udk ypdzdwfuRef;rsm; a'owavQmufwGif taumiftxnfazmfcJhonf/

- wefzdk;&SdonfY oEÅmausmufwef;qdkif&m FMP - *Pef;? ykpGefqdkif&m FMP (ausmufykpGefvkyfief;tm; avhvmjcif;) - a&atmufMurf;jyifwGifaexdkifMuufpm;onfU ig;rsdK;rsm;qdkif&m FMP - a&ay:a&vTmwGif aexdkifMuufpm;onfU ig;rsdK;rsm;qdkif&m FMP

- oEÅmausmufwef;a*[pepfqdkif&m FMP

yx0Dtaetxm;tay:tajccHonfh(uRef;pktajccH) ig;vkyfief;a*[pepfqdkif&mpDrHcsufrsm;odkY ajymif;vJ

vkyfaqmifvmjcif; (Fishery Ecosystem Plans - FEPs)

2009 ckESpfwGif taemufypdzdwfa'o ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIaumifpDonf txufazmfjyyg rsKd;pdwf tajccH

FMP ig;ckudk ig;vkyfief;a*[pepfpDrHcsuf FEP tjzpfjyefvnfjyifqifzGJYpnf;cJhyg onf/ &nf&G,fcsufrSm

a'otajccHESifh a*[pepftpdwftydkif;rsm;yg yg0ifonfhabmiftwGif; pDrHcefYcGJa&;jzpfygonf/ þonfrSmvnf;

aumifpD\ w&m;pD&ifrIatmif&Sdyx0D0if taetxm;t& tajccHuRef;pk tajccHay:rlwnfí pDrHcefYcGJrIpepfudk

FEP odkY ajymif;vJ vkyfaqmifonfhtqifhwpfckjzpfygonf/ (EAFM Principle #2 Appropriate Scale)

• Mariana uRef;pk FEP

• ypdzdwf vlta&muftaygufenf;aom uRef;rsm; FEP

• tar&duefqmrkdtefuRef;pk FEP

• [m0dkif&DuRef;pk FEP

• ypdzdwfa&jyifrsm; FEP

oEÅmausmifwef;a*[pepf FMP ESifh vkyfief;tqihfrsm;wGif EAFM rlrsm;usifoHk;jcif;

rsKd;pdwfaygif;pHkyg0ifí a*[aA' twdkif;twme,fy,fygaom ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJa&; pDrHcsufrsm;

aqmif&Guf&mwGif EAFM \ rl0g'tm;vHk;udk tqifhwpfckodkYr[kwf twkdif; twmwpfckxd usifhoHk;Muygonf/

1/ FEP taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif a'ocHrsm;ESifh wdkifyifnd§EdIif;onfhtqifhwpfck yg&Sdonf/ (EAFM

Prinviple #3: Increase Participation)

2/ FEP wGif yg0ifaom ig;vkyfief;wpfckpDwGif wefbdk;jzwfjcif;ESifh oD;jcm;aqmif&Gufjcif; Oyrm -

ig;xkwfvkyfrSKtjrifYqHk;yrmP? ESpfpOfxkwf,lEkdifaom uefYowfcsuf? EdkifiHjcm; ig;zrf;avSrsm;

twGuf cGifjyKEdkifaom twdkif;twm ponfwdkYudk pOfqufrjywf jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;? jyifqifjcif;

jyKvkyfygonf/ (EAFM Privciple # adaptive management)

3/ &&SdEdkiforQ odyÜHtcsuftvufrsm;udk tajccHí ESpfpOfzrf;qD;rI uefYowfcsuf (annual catch limit

ACLs)) ESifh oEÅmausmifcufa*[pepf wpfckpD\ ig;yrmPxdef;odrf;EkdifrI enf;rsm;udk

csrSwfygonf/ ACL udkcsrSwf&mwGif ZD0aA'&Skaxmifht& vufcHEdkifaom zrf;qD;xkwfvkyfrI

(acceptable biological catch ABC) udk tvGeftuRHzrf;qD;rI uefYowfcsufESifh wef;wlodkYr[kwf

wpfqifhedrfYí owfrSwf ygonf/ tcsuftvuf rjynfhpHkaom ig;tkyfpkrsm;twGuf ABC udk

wGufcsuf&ef tqifh (5) qifhjzifh xdef;odrf;vkyfaqmif ygonf/ ig;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfoufaom

uGJjym;onfhowif; tcsuftvufrsm;udk xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;í ABCs udk wGufcsufonf/

Oyrmtm;jzifh tjcm;aom owif; tcsuftvufrsm;udk &,ljcif;? ynm&SifwdkY\ oabmxm;ESifh

qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk &,ljcif;? xkdodkY&,l&mwGif trsm;oabmwl qHk;jzwfcsufrSwqifh &,ljcif;)

wdkYjzifh wGufcsufygonf/ (EAFM principle #7 : Precautionery approach)

taemufypdzdwfa'o ig;vkyfief;rsm;pDrHcefYcGJa&;aumifpDESifh ywfoufaom owif;rsm; ydkrkdY&&Sda&; twGuf

yHkpHjyKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm; (http://wpcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/SOPP/pdf) udkMunfhyg/

ESpfpOfzrf;rIuefYowfcsuf (ACL) ESifh wm0ef,lxdef;odrf;rI pepfwdkYESifh ywfoufaom owif;ydkod&Sd&ef

(http://www.wpcouncil.org/wp.content/upload/2014/01/NEPA-EA-Coral-Recf-ACLs-2012-13-RIN-064p-

XA674_2011-12-13-FINAL.pdf) ukdMunfhyg/

Magruson-Stevens ig;vkyfief;xdef;odrf;a&;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJa&;tmPm jyefvnftyfESif;a&; tufOya'

2006 t& USA &Sda'oqdkif&m ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;aumifpD (8) ckonf 2011 rSpí EkdifiHwpf0Srf;

EdkifiHaqmftqifh pDrHcefYcGJaom ig;vkyfief;tm;vHk;wGif ACL ESihf wm0ef,lxdef;odrf;rIpepfudk taumif

txnfazmfcsrSwfcJhygonf/ a&vkyfom;rsm;? ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJa&;aumifpDrsm;? odyÜHynm&Sifrsm;?

refae*smrsm;\ pOfqufrjywf BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf rIaMumifh USA wGif obm0t&if;tjrpfpDrHcefYcGJa&;udk 2012

rSpí ordkif;rSwfwrf;0if atmifjrifpGm aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ xdkUaMumifh tvGeftuRHig;zrf;jcif;udk xda&mufpGm

wm;qD; uefYowfEdkifcJhonf/ ig;tkyfpkawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm tvGeftuRH zrf;qD;rIaMumifh yHkrSeftaetxm;

http://wpcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads

http://www.wpcouncil.org/wp.content/upload/2014/01/NEPA-EA-Coral-

jyefvnf a&muf&Sd&ef tcsdef,l&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; tvGeftuRHzrf;qD;rI jyóemrSm ,cktcgr&Sdawmhyg/ ACL udk tjynfht0 taumiftxnfazmfEdkifrIaMumifh odyÜHenf;usaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk aqmif&Gufvsuf

t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk wm&Snfxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufíxkwf,l&ef ig;vkyfief;wm&SnfwnfwHha&;ESifh ig;vkyfief;

tay: rSDcdk&aom pD;yGm;a&;rsm; wm&SnfwnfwefYa&;twGuf aqmif&GufEdkifcJhygonf/ pOfqufrjywf

apmihfMuyfjcif;ESifh jzpfay:vmaom jyjyóemrsm;udk csufcsif;ajz&Sif;jcif;wdkYjzifh taumiftxnfa zmfcJhygonf/

ig;tkyfpkrsm;yrmP wdkif;wmwGufcsufa&; okawoersm;twGuf &if;ESD;jrKyfESHjcif;? pkaygif;okawoe jyKvkyfjcif;?

avhvmxnfhoGif;aom odyÜHenf;tay: tajccHaom pDrHcefYcGJa&;pepf usifoHk;jcif;wkdYaMumif USA \

pHjyig;vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJrIonf EdkifiHwum twGufaumif;rGefaom pHjyjzpfvmygonf/ urÇmESifht0Srf;

BuHKawGYae&aom ig;vkyfief;jyóemrsm; a*[pepf ESifh pD;yGm;a&;t& wm&Snfxdef;odrf;Edkifa&;

pdefac:csufwdkYudkdk ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufay;aeygonf/ (EAFM pepfodkY OD;wnfaom tjcm;Oyrmwpfckjzpfygonf/)

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ ig;vkyfief;wpfckpDtwGufESifY a'owpfcktwGif; odkYr[kwf edKifiHtwGif;

ig;vkyfief;twGuf EAFM \ qufwdkufvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfyg/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ EAFM odkY ajymif;vJvkyfaqmif&ef oifYedKifiHwGifBuHKawGY&aom pdefac:rSKrsm;ESifY

tcGifYtvrf; rsm;udk azmfjyyg/

EAFM pDrHcsufrsm;? rl0g'ESifh vufawGYaqmif&GufrSKtMum;qufpyfrI

Module 6


- xda&mufaompDrHcsufonf vdktyfaMumif; od&Sdem;vnf&efESifh rl0g'rS

vufawGYtvkyfodk pDrHaqmif&Guf&ef


þtcef;wGif rl0g'ESifh vufawGYtaumiftxnfazmfrIYwdkYtMum;wGif xda&mufaom pDrHcsuftm; rnfodkY

aygif;ul;jzpfonfudk &Sifvif;azmfjyxm;onf/ vdkufavsmnDaom EAFM \ vkyfief;puf0ef;rsm;rSm pDrHcsuf

a&;qGJjcif;? taumiftxnfaqmif&Gufjcif;? ppfaq;jcif;? wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmifaqmif&Gufjcif; ponfjzifh

&Sif;vif;xm;ygonf/

ed'gef;

tm&Sypdzdwfa'oEdkifiHrsm;pGmwdkYwGif EAFM rludk taxmuftyHYay;aom EdkifiHawmfrl0g'rsm; odkYr[kwf

abmifrsm; &Sdaomfvnf; ig;vkyfief;tzGJYrsm;taejzifh EAFM rSwqifh pDrHcefYcGJa&; vufawGY vkyfEdkifaom

pDrHcsufrSm tenf;i,frQom &Sdygonf/ vufawGYvkyfEdkifaom pDrHudef;rsm;&Sdvm&ef ig;vkyfief;rsm;wGif

pDrHcefYcGJEdkifaom vkyfief;pGrf;&nfwdk;wufvm&ef vdktyfonf/ xdkodkYwdk;wufvm&ef twGuf pDrHudef;csrSwf&ef

vkdtyfaMumif;udk trsm;u ydkrdkus,fjyefYpGm od7Sd&efESifY pDrHcsufudef;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef uRrf;usifh

t&nftaoG;&Sd&ef vdktyfNyD; yl;aygif;rSKenf;vrf;w&yfjzifY aqmif&GufoGm;&ef vdktyfygonf/ tcef;-9?

tpjyKvkyfief; (c) ESifY tcef;-12? tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (1)/

1/ bmaMumifhpDrHcsufcsrSwf&ovJ

aumif;rGefaom pDrHcefYcGJrIjzpf&eftwGuf aumif;rGefaom pDrHcsufvdktyfygonf/ pDrHcsufrSm trSefwu,f

taumiftxnfaz:edkifrnfh rl0g'rsm; csrSwfEdkif&efrlvdktyfygonf/ rl0g'rSvufawGYusaomtajz &cJojzifhh

rl0g'rsm;ESihf vufawGYtvkyftMum; pDrHcsufrsm;u aygif;ul;ay;&ygonf/

t"duig;vkyfief;ESD;EG,folrsm; yg0ifvmjcif;jzifh pDrHudef;ydkif&Sifrsm;jzpfvmjyD; ydkrdkaumif;rGefpGm taumif

txnfaz:aqmifEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ pDrHcsufwdkif;wGif yl;aygif;yg0ifrI tjrJ&Sd&rnf/ pDrHcsuf aMumifh

tem*wfwGif tusKd;tjypfrnfodkY&Sdrnfudk wdk;wufrSIpDrHcsufZ,m;a&;qGJí trsm;yl;aygif; n§dEdIif;&ygrnf/

udpöawmfawmfrsm;wGif yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;vkyfief;pOfonf aemufqHk;&v'fuJhodkYyif ta&;BuD;ygonf/

txl;ojzifh vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;t&xdcdkufvG,faom udpörsm;&yfrsm;ü yl;aygif;pDrHaqmif&Gufcsufjcif;rSm

ta&;BuD;onf/ pDrHcsufa&;qGJcsrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf a&S;OD;pGmpDrHcsuftvkyf (rnfolubmvkyf&rnff? b,ftcsdef

rSmbmvkyf&rnf ponf) udk csrSwf&efvdkonf/ tcef;-8? tpjyKvkyfief; (u)? task ii wGif tao;pdwf azmfjy

xm;ygonf/

tzGJUtpnf;wpfcktwGif; pDrHcsufcsaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk aygif;pyfírQwxda&mufpGm

toHk;csEdkifonf/ &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifodkY a&muf&Sdap&eftwGuf tvm;tvm ydkaumif;apygonf/

aumif;rGefaom pDrHcsufaMumifh b@ma&;&HyHkaiG? jyifytvSL&Sif&Iaxmifht& aiGaMu;taxmuftyHh&&Sd&ef

ydkítqifajyapygonf/ aumif;rGefaom pDrHcsufonf tvTmtoD;oD;wdkY\ wm0efESifhtcef;u@udk

aocsmpGmcsrSwfay;ojzifh vkyfief;wpfckvHk;udk ydkí xda&mufapygonf/ txl;ojzifh u@toD;oD;?

vkyfief;toD;oD;ESifh aemufcHtoD;oD;rS vlrsm;yg0ifaom a*[pepfESifhudkufnDaomfenf;vrf;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJ&m&ef

txl;ta&;MuD;ygonf/

2/ pDrHcefYcGJrIpuf0ef;

rnfonfhvkyfief;udkrqdk pDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif ta&;BuD;aomtqifh (3) qifh &Sdygonf/ (1) pDrHcsufa&;jcif; (2)

aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh (3) ppfaq;jcif;ESifh wdk;wufatmifaqmif&Gufjcif; jzpfygonf/ (yHk – 6.1 Munfh)

yHk 6.1/ EAFM puf0dkif;onf vdkufavsmnDaxGaom pDrHcefYcGJrItqifh (3) qifhay: rlwnfonf/

pDrHcsufa&;qGJonfhtqifhwGif ig;vkyfief;ESD;EG,folrsm; yl;aygif;nSdESdkif;jcif;jzifh rnfonfhtwdkif; twm txd

atmifjrif&ef vufcHaqmif&Gufrnfedkifudk pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf&efvdkonf/ pDrHcefYcGJrIY[laom pum; toHk; tEIef;wGif

OD;wnfcsufrsm;tay: oabmwlnDMujcif;? pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? aqmif&GufEdkifrSkYtwdkif;twm ponfh &nfnSGef;

udef;rsm;? pHEIef;rsm;ESifhwuG jyefvnfjyKjyifxdef;rwf&ef vdktyfcsufrsm;udk &SmazGpOf;pm;jcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/

(tcef;-13 ESifY 14 Munfh)

aqmif&Gufvkyfudkifonfhtqifhwdkif;wGif pDrHcefYcGJrIu pDrHcsufudk taumiftxnfazmfay;ygonf/

ppfaq;jcif;ESifh wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmifaqmif&GufonfhtqifhwGif- aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf vdkvm;aom

&vm'fudk &&SdEdkifjcif; &Sd r&Sdudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;? 4if;vkyfief;tawGYtBuHKrS oifcef;pm&,lNyD; jyefvnf

nd§EIdif;jcif;wdkY yg0ifrnfjzpfygonf/ (vdkufavsmnDaxGaom pDrHcsufpDrHcefYcGJrIjzpfonf)? tcef;-17? tqifY 5.1

? 5.2 Munfh) pDrHcsufa&;qGJonfh tqifhwGif vkyfief;wpfckrnfodkY atmifjrifatmif aqmif&Gufrnfudk a&;qGJ

&rnf/

3/ rl0g'rsm; taumiftxnfazmfjcif;

EAFM\ t"duaomhcsufrSm tqifhjrifh vrf;nTefrl0g'rsm;udk OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sd&ef aqmif&Gufay;jcif;jzpfonf/ Oyrm tm;jzifh FAO\ wm0efodrSIjzifhaqmif&Gufrnfh

ig;vkyfief;rsm;qdkif&musifh0wfrsm; (EdkifiHwumusifh0wfESifhtnDf) ig;vkyfief;\ &nf&G,fcsufESifh vkyfaqmifcsuf

rsm;tm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf/ rl0g'tm;vHk;onf a&&SnfwnfwHh zGHUNzdK;a&;tjrifESifh

oabmw&m;tay: rlwnfojzifh aqmif&GuforQ rnfonfhvkyfief;rqdk EAFM rSwqifh &&Sda&;twGuf

ulnDyefYydk;jcif; jzpfygonf/ yHk 6.2 udkMunfYyg/

yHk 6.2 / rl0g'rsm;rS vufawGYvkyfaqmifcsufodkY oGm;&eftqifhrsm;

1/ tajccHrlrsm;rS rl0g'yef;wdkifrsm;odkY

tjrifhqHk;aom tajccHrltqifhrsm;rS rl0g'yef;wdkifrsm;odkY ajymif;vJjcif;jzifhoGm;&ygrnf/ EAFM\

wefbdk;&Sdaom tajccHrlrsm;rSm a,bk,sqefojzifh trSefwu,fvufawGYaqmif&Guf&ef rjzpfedkifyg/ xkdYtjyif

a*[pepf\ oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm; - Oyrm a*[pepfaumif;rGefvmapa&;? MuHhMuHhcHEdkifrSkpGrf;&nfudk jynfh0pGm

od&Sdem;vnf&efcufcJjyD; vufawGYtoHk;cs&efvnf;cufcJonfygonf/ tqifhjrifhrl0g'ESifh rl0g'yef;wdkifrsm;wGif

tajccHtm;jzifh ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJxdef;odrf;jcif;? ig;aeig;xdkifrsm; xdef;odrf;jcif;?ta&;MuD;onfh tpmuGif; quf

vkyfief;rsm;udk umuG,fjcif; ponfwdkYudkxnfhoGif;aygif;pyf az:jyxm;ygonf/

2/ rl0g'yef;wdkifrsm;rS jyóemrsm;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrI&nfrSef;csufrsm;odkY

tqifhjrifh rl0g'yef;wdkifrsm;udk wdusaompDrHcefYcGJrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;odkY tqifhqifh cGJjcm;pdwfjzm&ef

vdktyfygonf/ jyóemrsm;udkcGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;? OD;pm;ay;tqifhowfrSwfíjyóemwpfckjcif;pDtvdkuf

pDrHcefYcGJrI &nf&G,fcsufwdk;wufatmifaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ (Module 7 EAFM Prous, Overview and Module 13

step 3.11 Munfh)/ vufawGYaqmif&Guf&rnfh tqifqifhwGif xdcdkufqHk;&HSk;Edkifajc&SdrIrsm;ESifh taumif;qHk;

tajctaeodkYa&mufatmif twdk;tavsmh tay;t,lkjyKvkyfjcif; ESifh trsm;qE´ESifhtnD xdef;ndS jcif;wdkYudk

OD;pm;ay;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ þ&nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf oD;oefYjzpfrSom xda&mufpGmajz&Sif; Edkifrnfjzpfonf/

vkyfief;atmifjrifonf odkYr[kwf ratmifjrifonfudk apmifhMuyfMunfh&Ijcif; twkdif;twmjzifh tuJjzwf

aqmif&GufEdkifonf/

3/ OD;wnf&nfrSef;csufrsm;rS pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfaqmifcsufodkY

pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsufwpfckcsrSwfjcif;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJrI &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifwpfckudk atmifjrifpGm

taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ (Oyrm - ig;zrf;oabFm ta&twGuf uefYowfjcif;? ig;zrf;ydkufuGuf

t&G,ftpm;udkk wdk;jr§ifhjcif;? 'Da&awmpdkufysKd;jcif;? yifv,fjyifumuG,fa'orsm; wnfaxmifjcif;onf)

rsm;aomtm;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsufwpfckonf OD;wnf&nfrSef;csufrsm;pGm aygufa&mufapEdkifonf/

tqifhjrifh rl0g'yef;wdkif;rsm;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrI &nfrSef;csufrsm;tMum;wGif aumif;rGefaom qufpyfrIom

&Sdygu þpDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf rl0g'udk taumiftxnf azmfEkdifonf/

4/ aumif;rGefaom pDrHcsuf a&;qGJcsrSwfjcif;

• a,bk,srlrsm;ESifh tqihfjrifh rl0g'yef;wkdifrsm;udk vufawGYusus vkyfEdkif&ef aqmif&Gufyg-

xda&mufaom EAFMtwGuf taxGaxGrlrsm;ESifh tqifhjrifh yef;wdkifrsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJrIOD;wnfcsuftjzpf

owfrSwfaqmif&Guf&rnf/ vufawGYvkyfaqmifEdkifaom &nf&G,fcsufqdkonfrSm pDrHcefYcGJrIjzifh

aqmif&GufEdkifaom t&mudk qdkvdkonf/ Oyrm tm;jzifh ]]ig;vkyfief;rsm a&&SnfwnfwHhzGHYNzdK;&ef}} udk

wkduf&dkufpDrHcefYcGJjcif;jzifh raqmif&GufEkdkifyg/ odkY&mwGif vufawGYusaom &nf&G,fcsufjzpfonf

]]ig;zrf;avS ta&twGufavsmhcs&ef}} udk pDrHcefYcGJrIenf;vrf;jzifh aqmif&GufEkdifonf/

• OD;wnfcsufudkazmfjyyg -pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;\ OD;wnfcsufudk&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjy&rnf/

ig;vkyfief;ESD;EG,folrsm;\ ,HkMunfudk;pm;rSkudktm;jyKí a&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;aom OD;wnfcsuftwdkif;

yef;wdkifodkYa&muf&Sd&ef&Sif;vif;vG,fulaomrnf;vrf;rsm;udka&G;cs,ftoHk;jyK&rnf/

• vkyfaqmifcsuftwGuf tjcm;enf;vrf;udkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;yg - pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;jzifh tjcm;

enf;vrf;rsm;udk ppfaq;oHk;oyfEkdifonf/ aumif;usKd;w&m; &&Sda&;twGuf tjcm;enf;vrf; oHk;oifh

roifhudk oHk;oyfEkdifonf/

• raocsmra&&mrIudk avsmhcsyg pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;jzifh refae*smrsm; yg0ifywfouf olrsm;onf

teD;uyfjyjyóem ylyefp&mrsm;udk ausmfvGefí avhvmEkdifonf/ ywf0ef;usifrsm;\ &IyfaxG;rIrsm;ESifh

raocsmta&rmrIrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmEdkifí xdef;odrf; Edkif&ef tm;ay;onf/

• qEudkomOD;pm;ay;jcif;ESifh xif&m jrif&mudkomvkyfaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk enf;EkdiforQ enf;atmif

avsmhcsyg - pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGifxif&m jrif&mudk qEtavsmuf vkyfaom qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfjcif;?

pDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif MuD;rm;aomrSm;,Gif;rIESifh qHk;&Hk;rIjzpfEkdifacsudk avsmhcsyg/ pOf;pm;&mwGif vnf;aumif;

vkyfief;vkyfudkif&mwGifvnf;aumif; pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;wpfckudk csrSwfay;onf/

• ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom pDrHcefYcGJrSkYtwGuf tajccHwpfckcsrSwfay;yg - tjcm;aom pDrHcefYcGJrI tvkyf

rsm;udkvnf; tajccHwpfcktjzpf yHhydk;ay;Edkifonf/ xkdYaMumifh pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;onf tjcm;

vkyfief;rsm;\ A[dkcsufusaom vkyfief;jzpfygonf/ (Oyrm-apmifhMuyfMunfh&Ijcif;? xdef;csKyfjcif;?

ppfaq;apmifhMuyfjcif; (MCS) wkYdudk yHkpHazmf&ef pDrHcsufa&;&ef vkdonf/

• vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm jyefvnfwHkUjyefjcif;udk xnfhoGif;yg– pDrHcsufwGifxnfhoGif;a&;qGJjcif;jzifh

jyifyywf0ef;usifwGif jzpfay:aeaom ajymif;vJrItvdkuftnD xdxda&mufa&mufvkdufavsmnDaxGpGm

wkefYjyef&ef OD;wnfcsufudk ajymif;vJjyifqifjcif;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJrIt&nftaoG;udk wdk;wufapygonf/

• BudKwifzefwD;vkyfudkifEkdifpGrf;udk tm;ay;yg - jyifywGif jzpfay:ajymif;vJrItay: vdkufavsm nDaxGpGm

wkefYjyefjcif;onf vdktyfonf/ odkY&mwGif tcsKdUaom tajcaersdK;wGif rvHkavmufyg/ þtcsufudk

od&Sdxm;jcif;ESifh txl;pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif BudKwifí xnfhoGif;oifhonf/ pDrHxm;onfh twdkif;

jzpfvmaom udpörsm;wGif rnfodkY qHk;jzwf aqmif&Guf&rnfudk BudKwifí pDrHcsufwGif a&;xm;jcif;jzifh

pDrHcefYcGJrIudk xda&mufpGm vkyfEkdifonf/ (xdef;csKyfonfhpnf;rsOf;Oya')

yGifhvif;jrifomrIwkd;jrSifhaqmif&Gufyg -yGifhvif;jrifomaom qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfrsm;udk ig;vkyfief;ESD;EG,fol

tm;vHk; od&ef aqmif&Gufyg/

5/ pDrHcsufrS&&Sdaom &vm'frsm;

pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;udk yx0Dtaetxm;tvdkuf tqifhtrsKd;rsKd;? e,fy,ftrsKd;rsKd;wGif aqmif&Guf

Ekdifonf/ odkY&mwGifpDrHcsuf wpfckESifhwpfckonf udkufnD&ef vdktyfNyD; todkuftNrHK wpfckwnf; txJ&Sdonfhyrm

oufqdkif&rnf/ (yHk.6.3)

yHk 6.3 / todkuftNrHKwpfckxJ&Sd pDrHcsufrsm;

EAFMwGif todkuftNrHKwpfckxJ&Sd pDrHcsufESifh wdk;wufrSkrSwfwrf;wdkYrSm-

• trsKd;om;tqifh (5 )ESpfpDrHudef;

• tzGJYtpnf;qkdif&m r[mAsL[mpDrHudef; - wm0efodig;vkyfief;rI0g'rsm;rSqif;oufvmaom tqifhjrifh

rl0g'yef;wdkifrsm; yg0ifonf

• EAFMwpfck\pDrHudef; - pDrHcsuftqihfqifhwGif yg0ifaom OD;wnfcsufrsm; pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfief;rsm;

atmifjrifrIESifh pGrf;&nfwdkif;wmjcif; (&nfnTef;csufrsm;? tqifh pHEIef; owfrSwfcsufrsm;)

• vkyfief;pDrHcsuf - NyD;ajrmufatmif aqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;BuD;tm;vHk;\ tusOf;udk azmfjyxm;onf/

(tcsdefuefhowfcsufESifh wm0ef,lrItygt0if) EAFMpDrHcsuf taumiftxnfazmf&efjzpfonf/

EAFM vkyfief;tqifhqifhtay: NcHKiHkoHk;oyfjcif;

Module 7


• EAFM \ t"duvkyfief; tqifhwdkYudk azmfjyí EAFM udk pDrHcsufqGJ&ef

taumiftxnfazmf&efESifh apmifhMuyf&efwdkYudk azmfjy&ef

• EAFM vkyfief;wdkYwGifpDrHcsuf (pDrHudef;) a&;qGJa&;tcsufrsm;udk azmfjy&ef

• EAFM pDrHudef;ESifh tuRrf;w0ifjzpf&ef


þtcef;wGif EAFM \ vkyfief;tqifhrsm;udk tusOf;NcHK; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ueOD; vkyfief;BuD;rsm;ESifh

EAFM \ tqifhBuD;ESihf tqifhi,f (5) qifhudk azmfjyNyD; pDrHcsufqGJ&mwGif txl;ta&;ygaomtqifhrsm;udk

rD;armif;xdk;jyonf/

txufwGifazmfjycJhovdk EAFM puf0dkif;wGif t"dutqifh (3) qifhygonf/ pDrHcsufcs tvkyfvkyfjcif;?

ppfaq;jcif;ESifh wkd;wufatmifvkyfjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ yHk – 7.1 Z,m; 7.1 wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

Z,m;wGif pDrHcsuftqifhrsm;udk tndKa&mifqdk;xm;ygonf/

yHk 7.1 / EAFM \ tqifhf (5) qifh

Z,m; 7.1 EAFM tqifh (5) qifh tusOf;csKyf

pwifaqmif&Guf jyifqif&ef ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;EG,folrsm;yg0ifap&ef

tqifh (1) Fisherien Management Unit (FMU) t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf?

e,fy,fowfrSwfjcif;

1.1 FMU t"dyÜgowfrSwfjcif;

1.2 FMU tjrifoabmxm; tay: oabm

wlnDjcif;

1.3 FMU e,fy,fowfrSwf yHkazmfjcif;

tqifh (2) jyóemrsm;eSifhyef;wdkifrsm;ukd

OD;pm;ay; azmfxkwfjcif; tpDtpOf

2.1 Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;? jyóemrsm; azmfxkwfjcif;

2.2 Ncdrf;ajcmufrIeSifh jyóemrsm; OD;pm;ay;

tqifh owfrSwfjcif;

2.3 EAFM pDrHcsuftwGuf yef;wdkifowfrSwfjcif;

tjzpfrSefppfaq; (1)

tqifh (3) EAFM pDrHcsufrsm;zGHUNzdK; wkd;wuf

vmjcif;

3.1 pDrHcefYcGJrI&nfrSef;csufrsm;csrSwfjcif;

3.2 tnTef;rsm;pHEIef;rsm;owfrSwfjcif;

3.3 pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfief;rsm;tay: oabm

wl Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufemjcif;

3.4 aiGaMu;tajctae od&Sdazmfxkwf jcif;

3.5 EAFM pDrHcsuf tNyD;owfaqmif&Guf jcif;

tqifh (4) pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmfjcif; 4.1 w&m;0ifatmifvkyf? qufoG,f?

yg0ifaqmif&Guf

tjzpfrSefppfaq; (2)

tqifh (5) apmifhMunfh? tuJjzwf?

vkdtyfovdkjyifqifjcif;

5.1 pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfief;ESifhpGrf;aqmifcsuf

rsm;udk apmifhMunfhtuJjzwfjcif;

5.2 jyefvnfoHk;oyf? pDrHcsufvdkovkdjyifqifjcif;

pwifaqmif&Guf (u) ESifh (c)

vkyfief;\ tqifh (1) udk rpwifrD tpjyKvkyfief;BuD;rsm;udk pwif&efvdktyfonf/ Module 8 startup A wGif wpfckyg0ifonf/ Module 9 startup B jyifqifjcif;ESifhtwl azmfjyaom tqifhrsm; yg0ifonf/

ywfoufolrsm;udkvnf; yg0ifap&onf/

Start A (pwifaqmif&Gufcsuf u) – jyifqifjcif;qdk&mwGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf/

1/ tzGJYESifh vkyfief;aqmif&Gufay;olrsm;udk xkwfazmfjcif;?

2/ FMU \ us,fjyefYaom {&d,mudk azmfxkwfowfrSwfjcif;

3/ vkyfief;pDrHcsufpwif&ef aqmif&Gufjcif;

4/ EAFM ed'gef;udk azmfjyjcif;

5/ tjcm;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&tzGJYtqifhqifhwdkYESifh nd§EdIif;aqmif&Guf

6/ yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh tzGJYtpnf;rsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfjcif;

7/ t"duusaom yg0ifywfoufoltkyfpk zGJYpnf;jcif;

8/ EAFM twGif; tajccHOya'a&;&mudpö pOf;pm;aqmif&Gufjcif;

Startup B (pwifaqmif&Gufcsuf – c) yg0ifywfoufol toD;oD;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwf jcif;onf

tvGefta&;BuD;aom tqifhwpfckjzpfonf/ olwdkYtm; EAFM \ vkyfiefpOftqifhrsm;wGif yg0ifapjcif;

(tpydkif;wGif pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif? xdkYaemuf taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESifh apmifhMuyfjcif;) jzpfonf/

yg0ifywfoufolwdkY yPmr yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;jzifh olwdkY\ arQmfrSef;csuf? olwkdY\u@ESifh wm0efudk

todtrSwfjyK owfrSwfay;Edkifonf/

tqifh (5) qifhtusOf;

tqifh (1) - ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI,lepf (FMU) \ t"dyÜg,fESifh e,fy,fowfrSwfyg/

1.1 FMU \ t"dyÜg,fudkowfrSwfyg/ yx0Da'otay:rlwnfí vnf;aumif;? wduspGm owfrSwfxm;aom

a*[pepfwpfckay:rlwnfí vnf;aumif; t"dyÜg,fudk owfrSwf onf/ odkY&mwGif a*[pepfrsm;onf

rsm;aomtm;jzifh wduspGme,fy,f owfrSwfxm; Edkifjcif;r&SdyJ 'dG[jzpfp&me,ferdwf&SdNyD;

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI {&d,m wpfcktwGif; usa&muf Edkifonf odkYr[kwf {&d,m (2) ckvHk;wGif

yg0ifEdkifonf/ xdkYaMumifh pDrHcefYcGJa&; pDrHcsuf a&;qGJ&ef FMU \ yx0D{&d,mudk owfrSwf&mwGif

aemufqHk;a&G;cs,f&efudpöwGif tcsufrsm;pGmay: rlwnf &ygonf/ odkY&mwGif tedrfYqHk;tqifh taejzihf

atmufygtcsufwdkh yg0if&ygrnf/ wpfEdkifwpfydkif ig;zrf;vkyfief;i,frsm;ESifh tBuD;pm;pD;yGm;jzpf

ig;zrf;vkyfief;BuD; tm;vHk;wdkY yg0if&yfrnf/

1.2 FMU \ tjriftawG;ay: oabmwlyg/ tpOD;ydkif;uyif EAFM pDrHcsufESifh ywfoufaom

tawG;tjrifay: yg0ifolrsm; oabmxm;wlxm;&efvdkygonf/ yg0ifywfoufolwdkY\ a&&Snf

tm;xm; arQmfrSef;csuftwGuf jzpfygonf/

1.3 FMU twdkif;twme,fy,fudk owfrSwfyg/ FMU ESifhywfoufaom aemufcHtcsuf tvuf owif;

(Oyrm - ig;taMumif;? zrf;onfhu&d,m? vl – ponfh) rsm;udk qdkvdkonf/ pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;

ywf0ef;usifESifh tkyfcsKyfrIydkif;qdkif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&Sdxm;atmif aqmif&Gufyg/

ta&twGufa&m t&nftaoG;yg yg0ifaom tcsuftvuf rsm;udk pkaqmif; &ef vdktyfygrnf/

(owdjyK&efrSm – tcsKdUaomtcsuftvufwdkYrSm &SdNyD;om; jzpfaevdrfYrnf/ oif\ |mewGif r&Sdonfhwdkif

tjcm;tzGJYtpnf; XmewpfckckwGif &Sdaeyg vdrfhrnf/)

tqifh (2) - jyóemrsm;ESihf yef;wdkifrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfíOD;pm;ay;yg

2.1 Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;? jyóemrsm;udkazmfxkwfyg? owfrSwfyg aemuftqifwpfckrSm ig;vkyfief;ESifh

ywfoufaom Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;eSifh jyóemrsm;udk ueOD; cefYrSef;wGufcsufyg/ jyóemrsm;qdk&mü

tpdwfydkif; (3) ckvHk;yg0ifonf/ a*[pepfaumif;rGefa&;? vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;ESifh

aumif;rGefaom pDrHtkyfcsKyfrI[laom tpdwfydkif; (3) ck jzpfonf/ a,bl,susí us,fjyefYaom

jyóemrsm;udk xyfrHí oD;oefYjyóemrsm;jzifh ydkif;jcm;NyD;aemuf pDrHcefYcGJa&; enf;vrf;jzifh

ajz&Sif;Edkifygonf/

2.2 þjyóemrsm;udk OD;pmay;yg/ jyóemrsmpGmwdkYteuf tcsKdUwdkYudk OD;pm;ay;tqifh owfrSwf&ygrnf/

odkYrSom EAFM pDrHcsufwGif xnfhoGif;ajz&Sif;Ekdifygrnf/ awGY&Sdxm;aom jyóemrsm;teuf OD;pm;ay;

&rnfhudpö od&SdEdkif&efusa&mufEdkifrI tEÅ&m,fudk cefYrSef; wGufcsufaomenf;udk oHk;Edkifonf/ þenf;jzifh

rnfonfh jyóemrsm;onf tvGefOD;pm;ay;&rnfh jyóemjzpfaMumif; od&Sdí wdkuf&dkuf xdef;csKyf

ajz&Sif;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

2.3 EAFM pDrHcsuftwGuf yef;wdkifrsm; owfrSwfyg/ jyóemrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; &mwGif ,if;wdkYtm;

oD;jcm;taMumif;t&mtvdkuf pkzGJY&efvdkonf (Oyrm – ig;zrf;jcif;ESifh ywfoufaom taMumif;t&m?

vlYtzGJYtpnf;ESifhywfoufaom taMumif;t&m – ponf)/ xkdYaemuf taMumif;t&mwpfckpDtwGuf

yef;wdkifwpfck owfrSwfyg/ þyef;wdkifrsm;onf tm;vHk;twGuf a&&Snfyef;wdkifrsm;om jzpfonf/

yef;wdkif atmifjrifaygufajrmuf&ef tcuftcJ twm;tqD;rsm;ESifh tcGifhtvrf; rsm;udk

pOf;pm;yg? þt&monf yef;wdkifrsm; trSefwu,f a&muf ra&mufudk tjzpfrSef ppfaq;jcif;jzpfygonf/

tqifh (3) - EAFM pDrHcsuf (pDrHudef;) csrSwfyg

3.1 pDrHcefYcGJ&rnfh &nfrSef;csufrsm;udkcsrSwfyg/ OD;pm;ay;pDrHcefYcGJ&rnfh udpötm;vHk;twGuf &Sif;vif; wdusí

oifhavsmfaom &nfrSef;csufrsm; &Sd&efvdktyfonf/ rnfonfht&mudk atmifjrifatmifaqmif&Gufrnf

qdkonfudk &nfrSef;csufrsm;wGif azmfjy&rnf/ pDrHcefYcGJrI &nfrSef;csufrsm;\ t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufrSm

pDrHcefYcGJrIjzifh atmifjrifatmif aqmif&GufEdkifaom &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk qdkvdkonf/

3.2 tnTef;udef;rsm;? pHEIef;rsm; - txufazmfjyyg &nfrSef;csufrsm;twGuf pHcsdefpHnTef;rsm; owfrSwfyg/

þenf;jzifh &nfrSef;csufrsm; aygufajrmufonf raygufajrmufonfudk ywfoufolrsm;u wdkif;wm

wefbdk;jzwfEdkifygrnf/

3.3 pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfief;ESifh Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufema&;wkYdtwGuf oabmwlnDrI &,lyg/ arQmfrSef;csufwpfckpD

aygufajrmuf&efvdktyfaom pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udkaqG;aEG;Muyg/ tcgrsm;pGmwGif wpfckwnf;

aom vkyfaqmifcsufonf arQmfrSef;csufrsm;pGmudk atmifjrifaygufajrmufapEdkifygonf/ pDrHcefYcGJrI

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wGif Oya'pnf;urf; vdkufema&;udpö? MuyfrSwfta&;,ljcif; wdkYudkyg twlwuG

xnfhoGif;azmfjy&ygrnf/ txufazmfjyyg taMumif;t&m (3) ckjzifhom &nfrSef;csufrsm; pHcsdefpHnTef;

rsm;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;aMumifh pDrHcefYcGJrIonf aumif;rGefrnfjzpfí tqHk;tjzwf ay;&rnfh

olrsm;tay: vTrf;rdk;Edkifonf/ jzpfEkdifygu oD;oefYpDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsufESifhtwl tqHk;tjzwfay;rnfh

Oya' pnf;urf; yg&Sdoifhonf/ pDrHcefYcGJrIudk rnfodkYvkyfrnf tvkyfrjzpfygu rnfodkYqufvkyf&rnf

ponfwdkYudk Oya' pnf;urf;wGifyg&Sd&rnf t"durSm rnfodkYjzpfvmrnfudk BudKwifí oabmwl

Mu&efESifh rjzpfvmrDrnfodkY BudKwif wkefYjyefrnf ponfwdYkjzpfygonf/

3.4 pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmf&ef wm&SnfwnfwHhaom b@ma&;tajctaeudk azmfxkwf owfrSwfyg/

3.5 EAFM pDrHcsufudktNyD;owfyg txufazmfjyygtqifhrsm;rS t"dutcsuftvuf rsm;udk pkpnf;jcif;jzifh

aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ (atmufwGifazmfjyrnfh erlemyHkpHMunfhyg pOf;pm;p&m tcsuftvuf xyfpOf;pm;yg)

þpDrHcsufonf oifhtm; EAFM vkyfief;pOfwGif wGef;tm;ay; ygvdrfhrnf/ þpDrHcsufonf

yHkaor[kwfojzifh owif;tcsuftvufopfrsm; ay:ayguf vmonfh tay:ESifh &&Sdonfh oifcef;pmrsm;

tay: rlwnfí vkdovdk jyKjyifajymif;vJ Edkifonf/

tqifh 4 - pDrHcsufudk taumiftxnfazmfyg/

4.1 w&m;0ifatmifvkyf? qufoG,f? yg0ifaqmif&Gufyg/ &Sif;vif;&dk;om;aom vkyfief; pDrHcsuf wpfckwGif

rnfolubmvkyf&efESifh b,ftcsdefvkyf&ef yg&Sdygonf/ EAFM pDrHcsufonf tmPm oufa&mufrI

&Sd&efESifh aemufcHtm;&Sd&ef w&m;0ifjzpfatmif vkyf&efvdkonf/ yg0ifywfoufol trsKd;rsKd;tMum;

owif;trsKd;rsKd;zvS,f&ef qufoG,f&ef qufoG,fa&;enf;pepfwpfck vkdygonf/ yg0ifywfoufolwkdY\

ueOD;yg0ifyl;aygif;rIrS wpfqifh tpOftjrJyl;aygif;rIodkY&,lí EAFM \ pDrHcsufudk taumiftxnf

azmf&ef jzpfygonf/

oifhavsmfaomtkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&m tpDtpOfrsm;udk &Sif;vif;wduspGm azmfjy&ef vdktyfonf/ EAFM udk taumiftxnfazmf&mü yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJa&; tpDtpOf yg0ifonf/ þenf;jzifh yg0ifywfoufolrsm;

(odkYr[kwf tmPmcGJay;aom tpD tpOft& zufpyfyg0ifolrsm;) onf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;udpöudk

wuf<upGm twlyl;aygif; taumiftxnfazmfMuygrnf/ yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJa&; tpDtpOf jzpfajrmuf&ef

taxmuftuljyK rl0g'0ef;usifwpfckvdktyfygonf/ þodkY aqmif&Guf&ef tcsdefvdkygrnf/ xdkYtwl

tzGJYtpnf; tm;aumif;vmatmifESifh vlwpfOD;csif; t&nftaoG;jrifhrm;vmatmif aqmif&Gufay;&

ygrnf/

tqifh 5 - apmifhMunfh? tuJjzwf? vkdtyfovdkjyifqifjcif;

5.1 pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk apmifhMunfhtuJjzwfyg/ EAFM pDrHcsufwGif pHnTef;rsm;? pHEIef;rsm;

owfrSwfxm;ygonf/ pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? taxGaxGtnTef;rsm;udk apmifhMuyfjcif;jzifh pDrHcsuf

vrf;aMumif;twdkif;oGm;aeonf odkYr[kwf aoGz,faeonfudk odEkdifonf/ vkdtyfygu jyKjyifjcif;

ukpm;jcif;vkyf&yfonf wpfenf;tm;jzifh ,if;onf vdkufavsmnDaxGaom pDrHcefYcGJrI (oifhovdk

jyifEkdifaom pDrHcefYcGJrI) jzpfygonf/ tnTef;rsm; pHEIef;rsm;ESifh ywfoufaom owif;tcsuf tvufrsm;udk pkpnf;í tcgtm;avsmfpGm jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;jzifh pDrHcsuf &nfrSef;csuftwdkif; a&mufra&mufukd

wkdif;wmwefbdk;jzwf Edkifonf/

5.2 jyefoHk;oyfyg? pDrHcsufudk oifYovdkjyifyg/ apmifYMuyfrSKowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk wpfESpfwpfBudrf

pkpnf;í vsifjrefpGm ppfaq;jcif;jzifh jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efoifhNyD[laom taxmuftxm;awGY&Sdygu

pDrHcsufudk oifhovkdjyif&ef jzpfygonf/ 3 - 5 ESpfwpfBudrf a&&Snf jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;udk vkyfaqmif&ef

EAFM pDrHcsufudk trSefwu,fazmfEdkifrI &Sdr&Sdudk pdppfwdkif;wm wefbdk;jzwfEkdifonf/ jyefvnf

oHk;oyfonfh umvonf EAFM pDrHcsuf\ oabmobm0tay: rlwnfonf/ odkYrSom awGU&Sdcsuf

&vm'fESifh tpD&ifcHpmwdkYudk ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom r[mAsL[majrmuf pDrHcsufwGif xnfhoGif;&efjzpfonf/

a&&Snftcsuf tvufrsm;ESifh a&&Snf oHk;oyfcsufrsm; oabmt& rjrifEdkifaomudpörsm;ESifh &&Sdaom

oifcef;pmrsm;udkyg pDrHcsufwGif xnfhoGif;&ef vdktyfygrnf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&ef ? tqifYrsm; puf0dkif;yHkudk vlrsm;jzifYaz:jyyg/

vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&ef ? t"dyÜg,f tjynfYt0&Sdaom tkyfpkrsm;udkzGJYyg

EAFM erlemyHkpH/ EAFM pDrHcsuftwGuf tqdkjyKerlemyHkpHjzpfonf/ tqifh (1) rS (3) txd &v'frsm;onf

pDrHcsuftwGuf r&Sdrjzpf tpdwftydkif;jzpfonf/ tqifh (4) rS (5) txdwkYdrSmvnf; yg0if&ef vdktyfonf/

þerlemyHkpHwGif acgif;pOfESifh acgif;pOfcGJ (11) ck yg0ifonf/

FMU twGuf EAFM pDrHcsuf

1/ &nfrSef;csuf

pDrHcefYcGJrI\ us,fjyefYaomyef;wdkif

2/ aemufcHwnf&Sd&rnfhae&m

a'o{&d,mESifh obm0t&if;tjrpfpau; t&G,ftrsKd;rsKd; ajryHkrsm; yg0ifonf/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI{&d,m

ig;zrf;onfh{&d,m? w&m;pD&ifrIESifh a*[pepfe,fedrdwfrsm; (EdkifiHawmftqifh? wdkif;? c&dkiftqifh)? FMU ajryHk?

ig;zrf;jcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrIordkif;

ig;vkyfief;ESifhywfoufaom ,cifaemufcHordkif;tusOf;? ig;zrf;avSta&twGuf? ig;zrf; ud&d,m vl- ponfh

,ckvuf&Sdig;vkyfief;tajctae

ig;o,HZmwrsm;? ig;zrf;avS oabFmrsm; ud&d,mrsm;taMumif; ig;o,HZmwrsm;tay:toHk;jyKyHk zrf;yHk? ajryHk

vuf&SdpDrHcefYcGJrI (yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrI) tpDtpOf

vuf&SdpDrHcefYcGJrI tpDtpOf

vlrIpDyGm;a&;tusKd;aus;Zl;? zrf;qD;&&SdNyD; aemufqufwGJtajctae

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh ,if;wdkY\ tusKd;pD;yGm; (vlrI ^ pD;yGm;a&;tajctae tygt0if) þa*[pepfudk toHk;jyKolrsm;

txl;ojzifh qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrI jzpfaprnfh vkyfief;rsm; wdkifyifnd§EdIif; yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef tpDtpOfrsm; vlrIa&;?

pD;yGm;a&; tusKd;aus;Zl; ,cifESifh,ck

ywf0ef;usiftajctaeay: oD;oefYxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;

tajcaeqdk;0g;aeaom ywf0ef;usiftaMumif; tjynfhpHk txl;ojzifh xdcdkufvG,faom {&d,mESifh

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaom rsKd;pdwfrsm;

tzGJYtpnf;rsm;tajctae

Oya'jyKa&;aemufcH

vuf&Sdyl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrI tpDtpOf tcef;u@ESifh wm0ef

MCS tpDtpOf

wdkifyifnd§EdIif;rIjzpfpOf – pDrHcsufESifh vuf&Sdvkyfief;tay: oufa&mufaom jzpfpOf qHk;jzwf csufcsonfh jzpfpOf

tao;pdwf todrSwfjyKyk*d¾Kvfrsm;taMumif; tygt0if ig;vkyfief;wGif ay;tyfxm;aom vkyfydkifcGifh tajcaeESifh

vkyfydkifcGif&xm;onfrsm; taMumif; tao;pdwf

pDrHcefYcGJrIt& 0ifa&mufrIajryHk toHk;jyKoltcGifhta&; w&m;pD&ifa&;e,fedrdwfrsm;

3/ t"duNcdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ESifh jyóemrsm;

a*[aA'jyóemrsm;

ig;vkyfief;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh taxGaxG ywf0ef;usif jyóemrsm;? ig;vkyfief;rS ywf0ef;usifay: oufa&mufrIESifh

tjyefeftvSefoufa&mufrI

vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&; jyóemrsm;

ig;zrf;vkyfief;wGif yg0ifolrsm;ESifh ywfoufaom jyóemrsm; tygt0if a'ocHjynfolrsm;ESifh EkdifiHawmf tqifh

usm;? r jyóemrsm; (vdifcGJjcm;qufqHrI)

tkyfcsKyfrIjyóemrsm;

pDrHcefYcGJrI &nfrSef;csufatmifjrifa&;tay: oufa&mufaom jyóemrsm;

4/ pDrHcefYcGJrIyef;wdkifrsm;

tqifhjrifhyef;wdkifrsm; wenf;tm;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJrI\ tjrifhqHk;ESifh aemufqHk;yef;wdkif

5/ &nfrSef;csufrsm;? tnTef;rsm;ESifhpHEIef;rsm;

ig;vkyfief;twGuf OD;pm;ay;jyjyóemrsm; &nfrSef;csufrsm; pHEIef;rsm; atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf/

• ig;o,HZmwrsm;

• ywf0ef;usif (r&nf&G,fyJzrf;rdaomig;rsm;? ig;aeig;xkdifrsm;? tpm;cH&aom om;aumifrsm;tm; umuG,fjcif;?

ZD0rsKd;pHkuGJponf)

• vlrIa&;

• pD;yGm;a&;

• tkyfcsKyfrI (pDrHcsufatmifjrifatmif aqmif&GufEkdifrIpGrf;&nf)

6/ pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

tm;vHk;oabmwlxm;onfh &nfrSef;csuftm;vHk; owfrSwftcsdeftwGif; atmifjrif&ef vkyfaqmif csufrsm;?

atmufygwdkYtygt0if - r&nf&G,fyJ zrf;rdaomig;rsm; ig;aeig;xdkifawmrsm; umuG,fjcif;? vlrIpD;yGm;a&;tusKd;pD;yGm;

aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfrI ponfrsm;-

7/ Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufemrI

Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufem&efvdkaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; - pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf xda&muf aMumif;

tmrcHcsufay;ekdifrnfhtpDtpOfrsm;

8/ tcsuftvufESifh owif;vdktyfcsufrsm;

pDrHcsuftaumifxnfazmf&ef vkdtyfaomtcsuftvuf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;tm; rnfonfh ae&mrS

rnfolpkaqmif;rnf? rnfol cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmoHk;oyfrnf rnfoltoHk;jyKrnfudk &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjy&ef

9/ b@ma&;

aiGaMu;t"dutaxmuftyHh&rnfh t&if;tjrpf

10/ qufoG,fa&;

r[mAsL[mt&qufoG,fjcif;

11/ pDrHcsufudkjyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;

aemufwBudrf jyefvnfoHk;oyfrnfh &ufpGJESifh oabmobm0 pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsuf t&nf taoG;udk ppfaq;jcif;

tpjyKvkyfief; (u) ? vkyfief;pwif&efjyifqifjcif;

Module 8

þtcef;\&nfrSef;csufrsm;

EAFM vkyfief;pOf pwif&efvkdtyfaom tpjyKvkyfief; (pwifjcif;vkyfief;) ESifh twlyl;aygif; pDrHcefYcGJjcif;udk

t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf&ef atmufygwdkYvnf; yg0ifygonf

• EAFM vkyfief;pOfpwif&ef vdktyfaom tpjyKvkyfief;ESifh yl;aygif;pDrH cefYcGJjcif;udk

t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfjcif

• yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk azmfxkwfa&T;cs,f&efavhvm&ef


EAFM vkyfief;pOfrsm;pwif&ef tpjyKvkyfief;BuD; (8) ckudk þavhusifh oifMum;a&; ,lepfwGif

tao;pdwfazmfjyxm;ygonf/

ed'gef;

EAFM vkyfief;pOfrsm;pwif&ef tpjyKvkyfief;MuD; (8) ck &Sdonf/ aemufvkyf&rnhf EAFM pDrHcsuf

a&;qGJ&mwGif þvkyfief;wpfckpDudk jyefvnfavhvmoHk;oyfEkdifonf/ þvkyfief;BuD;udk ueOD;wGif t&nftaoG;

jrifhwifa&; tzGJYtpnf;u aqmif&GufrnfjzpfjyD; aemufwGif EAFM tzGJUESifh nSdEdIif;aqmif&Gufol rsm;u

aqmif&Gufrnf/ Startup B wGif yg0ifywfoufolwdkY yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;udk rD;armif;xdk;jyxm;jyD;aemuf EAFM vkyfief;pOf wavQmufvHk;wGif toHk;jyKygonf/

þvkyfief;pOfMuD;rsm;pGmwdkYESifhtwl aemifvmrnfh tqifhrsm;wdkYwGif yl;aygif;yg0if Muaom tvkyf&Hk

aqG;aEG;yGJ odkYr[kwf awGUqHkyGJrsm; jyKvkyfay;&ef vdktyfonf/ aemifvmrnfh tcef; 9? tpjyKvkyfief;(c) wGif

rnfodkYaqmif&Guf&rnfudk &Sif;jyxm;ygonf/ ig;vkyfief;&yfeDS;EG,folwdkYxHrS axmufcHyHYydk;rI tjynfht0

r&&Sdao;rDESifh aqmif&Guf rnfhe,fy,f rodao;rDtxd EAFMpDrHcsufudk raqmif&Gufoifhyg/ odkY&mwGif owif;

tcsuftvuf rjynfhpHkrIaMumifh[laom taMumif;jycsufaMumifh vkyfief;pwif&ef aES;auG;jcif; rjzpfap&yg/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf EAFM enf;vrf;jzifh BudKwifaqmif&GufekdiffaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

u/ tpjyKvkyfief;BuD;rsm;/

vkyfief;BuD; (1)/ EAFM tzGJY? ulnDyg0ifaqmif&Gufolrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfyg/

EAFM udk wdk;jrifhay;aomtzGJujyóemonf ig;vkyfief;tzGJjyóemrsm; jzpfoifhonf/ (oifhavsmfaom

tqifhtrsKd;rsKd;wGif a'o? c&dkif? wdkif; ponf) þtzYGJ jyóemonf EAFM pDrHcsufjzpfpOf vrf;nTef

tzGJYi,fwpfck wnfaxmif&ef vdktyfonf/ þtzGJYi,ftaejzifh EAFM jzpfpOfumvwGif yg0ifywfouf

olrsm;ESifh ndSEdkif;wdkifyif&m t"duvdktyfcsufrsm;rSm aumif;rGefaom vkyfaqmifcsuf? a'ocHrsm;udk yg0if

vkyfaqmif&ef wGef;tm;ay;Edkifaom t&nftaoG;ESifh tjiif;yGm;udpöudk pDrHcefYcGJEdkifjcif; wdkYjzpfonfh yg0if

ywfoufol tkyfpktoD;oD; wdkYtay: w&m;rQwwpGm vkyfaqmifay;&ef vdktyfygonf/ þenf;jzifh

yGifhvif;jrifomNyD; w&m;rQwaom qHk;jzwfcsufcsEdkifaom ywf0ef;usifaumif; wpfck zefwD;Edkifjcif;ESifhtwl

tjyeftvSef owif;ay;qufoG,fjcif;udk aqmif&GufEdkifonf/

vkyfief;BuD; (2)/ pDrHcefYcGJ&rnfh us,fjyefYaom e,fy,fudk owfrSwfazmfxkwfyg/

,cifod&Sdxm;aom twdkif;twme,fy,fjyóemrsm; (tcef; 4 ? EAFM \ Oya'orsm;) udk xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;vQuf EAFM tzGJYi,fonf rdrdwdkYrnfonfht&mudk pDrHcefYcGJrnfudk oabmwl&rnf/ þudpöudk

aemifjzpfpOfwGif ydkNyD;w&m;0ift"dyÜg,f owfrSwfygrnf/ odkY&mwGif ,cktpjyKonfhtqifhwGif tzGJY0iftm;vHk;

wdkYonf e,fy,fwpfckay: oabmwlnDrI&Sd&rnf/ xdkodkYoabmwlnDrI&&ef vuf&Sdw&m;pD&ifa&; e,fedrdwf

rsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ þe,fy,fuyif rnfonfh yg0ifywfoufolrsm; jzpfrnfudk

twdkif;twm wpfcktxd t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf ay;ygonf/ aemifvmrnfh vkyfief;BuD; (6) udkMunfhyg/

vkyfief;BuD; (3) / tpjyKvkyfief; pDrHcsufudka&qGJyg/

EAFM tzGJYi,fonf ueOD;wGif pDrHcsuf\ tavhtusifhESifh r[mAsL[m\ us,fjyefYaom yef;wdkifrsm;udk

owfrSwfazmfxkwf&ef vkdtyfonf/ aemuftqifhrsm;wGif EAFM \ tazmfrsm; yg0ifywfoufol rsm;ESifh

pDrHcsufjzpfpOfwGifolwdkY\ ueOD;u@ESifh wm0efrsm;udk owfrSwf azmfxkwf&efjzpfonf/ þueOD; tqifhwGif

&&SdEdkifrnfh bwf*suf yrmPudkvnf; pOf;pm;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ þvkyfief;BuD;onf (EAFM step 3

wGifazmfjyxm;) oD;oefYpDrHcefYcGJrI yef;wdkifrsm;? OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm; yg0ifaom EAFM pDrHcsufESifh

uGJvGJygonf/

EdkifiHtrsm;wGif txfazmfjyygjzpfpOfwGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf/ &dk;&ma'ocH acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh

twl rSwqifh vkyfaqmifjcif; odkYr[kwf tzGJYtpnfrsm;ESifh twl rSwqifh vkyfaqmifjcif;yg0ifí

wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif tjcm;a'ocHtzGJYrsm; yl;aygif;yg0if&ef vHkavmufaom tcGifhtvrf; ay;ygonf/

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh ae&mtm;vHk;twdkif;twm e,fy,ftm;vHk;wGif twlwuGvkyfaqmif&mwGif &dk;&m

,Ofaus;rIESifh vlrIa&;udpörsm; ta&;wBuD; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrsm;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmftqifh

twdkif;wme,fy,fwGif Oyrmtm;jzifh pDrHcsufjzpfpOfwGifyg0ifonfh u@toD;oD;wkdY\ oD;jcm; &dk;&m,Ofaus;rI?

oD;jcm; tzGJYtpnf;ay:rlwnfí rnfodkYaqmif&Guf&rnfudk rlvaqmif&Gufolrsm;u pOf;pm;&ygrnf/

EAFM tqifhrsm;udk pDpOfonfhumvtwGif; rnfonfhvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk vkyf&rnfudk tpjyK

vkyfief;pDrHcsufwpfcku tMurf;az:jyonf/ (Oyrm - yg0ifywfoufolrsm;\ tpnf; ta0;rsm;) xdkYtjyif

vkyfaqmifcsuf tqifqifhESifh vkyfaqmifcsufwpfckpDtwGuf wpfOD;csif; wm0ef&SdrIrsm;udkvnf; tMurf;

az:jyonf/ tpjyKvkyfaqmifcsufudkrnfol? rnfonfh&uf? rnfonfhbwf*swfatmufwGif vkyfrnfudk

vkyfief;pDrHcsufwGif wduspGm az:jy&rnf/

tpjyK vkyfief;pDrHcsuf\ tydkif;wpfydkif;wGif vkyfief;pwif&eftwGuf a&wdkaiGaMu; rnfodkY axmufyhHrnfudk

azmfxkwf&rnf/ tpjyKvkyfief;pDrHcsuf pwif&efESifh qufí pDrHcsufaqmif&Guf&ef vHkavmufaom

aiGaMu;axmufyHhrI&Sdygovm;? taumif;qHk;rSm vuf&SdtoHk;jyKaeaombwf*sufrSvm&ygrnf/ odkY&mwGif

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk oD;oefYazmfxkwfrowfrSwfEdkif/ bwf*suftajymif;tvJudk vkyf&ef vdktyfvdrfhrnf/

tydkaiGaMu; axmufyHhrI&&Sda&;enf;vrf; tm;vHk;wdkYyg0ifygonf/ Oyrm tzGJYi,f\ vuf&Sdtvkyftudkif

tcsdefESifh0w¬Kypönf;taejzifh xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef yg0ifonf/ tcsKdUudpöwdkYwGif EAFM ya&m*sufudk

tvSL&SifxHrS &aiGjzifh pwif&ygrnf/ pDrHcsuft& vkyfaqmif&aomvkyfief;tm;vHk; vHkavmufaom

axmufyHhaiG wdkuf&dkuf&&Sd&ef &orQtcGifhtvrf;tm;vHk;udk toHk;cs&ygrnf/ tultnDay;onfh pDrHudef;

rsm;pGmwdkYwGif ,if;wdkY\ vkyfydkifcGiftmPmtwGif; jzpfaeygu txufazmfjyygvkyfief;rsmtwGuf bwf*sufrsm;

&Sdaernfjzpfonf/

vkyfief;BuD; (4) / EAFM ed'gef;

EAFM tzGJYi,fonf tmPmydkifrsm;xH 0ifa&mufawGYqHk *g&0jyKjcif;? tpnf; ta0;rsm; usif;yjcif;ESifh

trsm;jynfoludk today;jcif; (owdjyKrdapjcif;) wdkYudk aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh a'ocHrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;

aqmif&Gufjcif;? tvm;tvm&Sdaom tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;jcif;ESifh yg0ifaqmif&Gufol odkYr[kwf yg0if

aqmif&Gufaom tzGJYwpfckESifh yl;aygif;jcif;wdkY vkyf&ygrnf/ txufygudpötwGuf aqmif&Guf&efrsm;pGm

&Sdonfhteuf atmufygwdkY yg0ifon/f

• tvm;tvm&Sdaom rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk EAFM \ taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; w&m;0if

rdwfqufay;jcif;/

• EAFM ESifh ywfoufaom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;jcif;

• tvm;tvm&Sdaom rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tjyeftvSefem;vnfrI wnfaqmufjcif;

• rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;wdkY\ tcef;u@udk owfrSwfaz:xkwfjcif;

• tpnf;ta0;rsm;usif;yjcif;? wufa&mufjcif;? oifwef;ay;jcif;? today;oifwef;rsm;udk ay;jcif;

• pDrHcefYcGJrI,lepfrS tcsuftvufowif;rsm;pkaqmif;jcif;

• a'oacgif;aqmifrsm; tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;ESifh awGYqHkjcif;? ,if;wdkYxHrS oabmwl cGifhjyKcsuf rsm; &,ljcif;

• a'ocHrsm;? tpdk;&rdwfzuftzGJYtpnf;rsm;? tjcm; ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,ffolrsm;ESifhtwl vkyfief;pOf;rsm;udk

pwif aqmif&Gufjcif;

vkyfief;BuD; (5) / tjcm;tzGJYBuD;rsm;? tpdk;&tzGJYpnf;tqifhqifhrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;ñ§dEdIif;jcif;/

EAFM onf a*[pepfwpfck odkYr[kwf yx0D0ifa'owpfckwGif&Sdaom ig;vkyf ief;rsm;ESifh omru

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI tzGJYrsm;? ig;vkyfief;tay: oufa&mufrI &Sdaomu@rsm; vkyfief;aMumifh oufa&muf

cH&aom tzGJYrsm;ESifh ñd§EdIif;jcif;? wdkifyifjcif;? twlyl;aygif; aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh yl;wGJqHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;wdkYudk

aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfonf/ (yHk 8.1) a&SUOD;pGm EAFM pDrHcsufjzpfpOfrsm;udk pwifpOfuyif tqifhqifhaom

ig;vkyfief;tzGJYBuD;rsm; (a'otqifh? jrLeDpy,ftqifh? c&dkiftqifh? qdkif;tqifh? a'otqifh? EdkifiHawmftqifh)

udk taMumif;Mum; aqmif&Guf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ þenf;jzifh tkyfcsKyfrItqifqifhrsm;tMum; rI0g'ESifh

OD;wnfcsuf rsm;udk vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm jzpfapygonf/ xkdYtwl xyfaeaom odkYr[kwf rSm;,Gif;wGJzuf

xm;aom w&m;pD&ifa&;tajctae? e,fy,f (Oyrm – tzGJYtpnf; trsKd;rsKd;u ig;rsdK;pdwf wpfckwnf;\

b0puf0ef;tqifhqifhtay:pDrHcefcGJrI) ,cifu qufpyfqufoG,frIr&SdchJMuaom tzGJYpnf;toD;oD;wdkYudk

twlaygif;pyfay;jcif;jzpfí yef;wkdifa&muf&Sd&ef taxmuftuljyKjcif;? xyfaeaom jyjyóemrsm;udk

ajz&Sif;jcif;wdkYudk aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/ twlwuG yl;aygif; aqmif&Gufjcif;\ tm;omcsufrsm;rSm tuefY

touf&Sdaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;? ynm&Sifrsm;udk pkpnf;jcif; rQa0jcif;wdkYudk vkyfEkdifonf/ xdkYtjyif tzGJYwpfzGJYpDu

a'ocHvlYtzGJYrsm; yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh xdawGY&mwGif jzpfavh&Sdaom &IyfaxG;rI? rauseyfrIrsm;udk pkaygif;csOf;uyf

ajz&Sif; a&SmifvTm; Ekdifygonf/

yHk 8.1 EAFM \ tzGJYBuD;rsm;tcsifcsif; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; wkdifyifñd§EIdif;jcif; pHjytvkyfabmif (FAO 2005)

vkyfief;BuD; 6 / ig;vkyfief&yfESD;EG,folrsm;? tzGJYtpnf;rsm;udk owfrSwfaz:xkwfyg/

EAFM wGif yg0if&efvdktyfaom yg0ifywfoufolwdkY\ uGef,ufqufEG,frSKonf ½IyfaxG;onf (yHk-8.2)

½IyfaxG;onfqdk&mwGif a'gifvdkufqufpyfrI (EdkifiHawmftqifhrS a'ocHtqifh tMum;) a&jyifnDqufpyfrI

(obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk toHk;jyKMuolrsm;tMum;) yx0Dqdkif&m vTrf;jcHKrIwdkY yg0ifonf/ EAFM udk

xda&mufpGmaqmif&Guf&ef yg0ifywfoufolrsm;pGm vdktyfonf/ txl;ojzifh apmifhMuyfjcif;ESifh Oya'

pnf;urf;vdkufema&; udpörsKd;wGifjzpfonf/

oif\yg0ifywfoufolrsm;qdkwm b,folawGvJ ? ? EAFM jzpfpOfwGif ywfoufaom

odkYr[kwf jzpfpOfaMumifY aumif;usdK;? qdk;usdK;ay;aom odkYr[kwf jzpfpOfaMumifY aumif;usdK;?

qdk;usdK; cHpm;&aom olwpfOD;? tkyfpkwpfck odkYr[kwf tzGJYwpfzGJYudk yg0ifywfoufol[k

ac:onf/

yHk 8.2 yg0ifywfoufoltkyfpk � Oyrm? (FAO rS rSD;onf)

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,ffolrsm;qdkonfrSm jzpfpOf (vkyfief;) wpfckwGif wpfenf;r[kwfwpfenf; yg0ifywfouf

cH&ol? aumif;usKd; odkYr[kwfqdk;usdK;cHpm;&ol wpfOD;csif;? wpfpkcsif;? wpfzGJYcsif; usm;^r vlBuD;^i,f rsm;udk

qdkvdkonf/ olwdkY\pdwf0if;pm;rI odkYr[kwf wefbdk;xm;rIwdkY\ aphaqmfrIaMumifh yg0ifywfoufMuygonf/

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;wGif pDrHcefYcGJrIqHk;jzwfcsufaMumifh oufa&muf (qdk;usKd;? aumif;usKd;) cH&oltkyfpkrsm;

pDrHcefYcGJrIqHk;jzwfcsuftay: pdwfylyefonfh tkyfpkrsm;? pDrHcefYcGJrnfh o,HZmwrsm;tay: rSDcdk&olrsm; {&d,m

(a&jyif) ESifh t&if;tjrpf (ig;) tay: &ydkifcGifh&Sdonf[k qdkolrsm;? olwdkY\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;aMumifh {&d,mESifh

t&if;tjrpfrsm;tay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufapolrsm;ESifhtwl - Oyrmtm;jzifh {&d,mESifh t&if;tjrpfrsm;tay:

&moDtvdkuf yx0Da'otvdkuf? ,Ofaus;rI&Sd&mtvdkuf pdwf0ifpm;rI &Sdolrsm; jzpfMuonf/

wkduf&dkufoufqdkifaom ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,ffolrsm;tm;vHk;wdkYudk EAFM ESifY ywfoufonfY tpnf;ta0;rsm;

tvkyf&HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif yg0if&ef zdwfac:oifhonf/ rnfonfh yg0ifywfoufoludk csOf;uyf&rnfqdkonfudk yHk

8.2 wGif azmfjyxm;onf/

wpfzufwGif ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,ffolrsm;ESifh tjcm;wpfzufwGif xdef;odrf;&efcufcJolrsm; yg0ifjcif; udpöudk

xdef;ñd§&efrSm cufcJaomudpöjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif owdjyK&rnfhtcsufwpfckrSm pDrHcsufwpfckudk wdkifyif

aqG;aEG;jcif;ESifh tao;pdwfñd§ESdKif;jcif;udk jyKvkyfEdkifygonf/ yg0if&ef tvm;tvm&SdqHk; olrsm;rSm (1)

a&vkyfom;rsm; - (rsm;aomtm;jzifh ig;vkyfief;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;rSwqifh a&G;cs,fxm;olrsm;? wpfEdkifwpfydkif

ig;vkyfief;i,frsm;ESifh pD;yGm;jzpfvkyfief;BuD;rsm; tygt0if)/ (2) EdkifiHawmftaqihf (rl0g'csrSwfa&;udpö)

ig;vkyfief;&Sd&ma'otqifh vufawGYtaumiftxnfazmfa&; tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;/ (3) tpdk;&r[kwfaom

tzGJYtpnf;rsm; (4) okawoeynm&Sifrsm;ESifh (5) Munfh½IapmifhMuyf olrsm;wdkY jzpfonf/

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkY \ taxmuftulr&ygu EAFM u atmifjrifrSK &ESdKifrnf r[kwfyg/

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkYudk cGJjcm;avYvmjcif; (People Toolkit udkMunfhyg) udk aqmif&Gufonf odkY&mwGif

&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm EAFM twGuf tvm;tvm&Sdaom rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk owfrSwfazmfxkwf&ef? EAFM udk taxmuftulray;Edkifol odkYr[kwf EAFM tay: rvdkvm;olwpfOD; odkYr[kwf wpfzGJYudk csOf;uyf&ef

enf;vrf;&SmazG&efESifh t&if;tjrpf wpfck odkYr[kwf pDrHudef;wpfckay: pdwf0ifpm;Muonfholrsm; tzGJYrsm;wdkY\

ESD;EG,fywfoufyHkudk twGif;usus odjrifEdkif&efjzpfygonf/

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkYudk cGJjcm;avYvm&eftwGuf yHkpHwpfckrSm 2 _ 2 matrix yHkpH twkdif; jzpfonf/

yg0ifywfoufolwdkYudk a'gifvdkufrsOf; (y-axis) t& olwdkY\ toHk;0if ta&;ygrIudk azmfjyí

a&jyifnDvdkufrsOf;rsm; (x-axis) t& olwdkY\ MoZmtmPm oufa&mufrIudk azmfjyjyóemnf/

yHk 8.3 / 2 x 2 matrix yHkpHt& yg0ifywfoufolwdkY\ ta&;ygrIESifh MoZmoufa&mufrIudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmyHk

yg0ifywfoufolrsm; matrix onf rnfonfhtuGufwGifusonfh tay:rlwnfí rwlnDaom

r[mAsL[mudk tkyfpk (4) cktwGuf usifhoHk;onf/ (yHk 8.4) ,if;tkyfpk (4) ckwGif – (1) toHk;0if ta&;ygrI

jrifhí MoZmtmPmoufa&mufrI jrifhtkyfpk/ (2) toHk;0if ta&;ygrIjrifhí MoZmoufa&mufedrfhtkyfpk/ (3)

toHk;0ifta&;ygrIedrfhí MoZmtmPm oufa&mufrIjrifhtkyfpkESifh? (4) toHk;0ifta&;ygrIvnf;edrfh MoZm

oufa&mufrIvnf;edrfh tkyfpkjzpfonf/

yHk 8.4 / yg0ifywfoufolrsm; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm&mwGif usifhoHk;&efvkdonfh r[mAsL[mtrsKd;rsKd;

teDuGufwGif&Sdolrsm;onf EAFM atmifjrifa&;twGuf t"dujzpfonf/ olwdkYonf r[mrdwfrsm;

jzpfonfhtwGuf pdwfxufoefNyD; tzGJUwGifyg0if&efvdktyfonf/ vkyfief;&v'fudk olwdkYtm;today;yg/ EAFM ta&;BuD;yHkudk olwdkYtm; ,HkMunfatmif &Sif;jy&efrvdkyg/ olwdkY odNyD;om;jzpfonf/ tpdrf;uGufwGif&Sdolrsm;rSm

pdwfr0ifpm;olrsm;jzpfí BoZmoufa&mufrI &Sdolrsm;vnf;r[kwfyg/ olwdkYudktoday;&efESifh yg0ifywfouf&ef

vkdtyfygonf/ odkY&mwGif tedrfhqHk;tm;xkwfrIESifh apmifhMuwfrI tqifhwGifom&Sdoifhonf/

t0ga&mif (2) uGufwGif&SdolwdkYtwGuf wuf<uaomr[mAsL[m usifhoHk;&efvdkygonf/

MoZmoufa&mufrIjrifhí ta&;ygrIedrfYaom tkyfpkudk teDa&miftuGufodkY a&TU&efoifhonf EAFM jzpfpOfwGif

yg0ifvm&ef pnf;&Hk;odrf;oGif;&ef vdktyfonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf taxmuftuljyKrnfholrsm;jzpfvsuf

olwdkY\MoZmudk toHk;cs&ef EAFM jzpfpOfudk ulnDEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif þMoZmtmPmoufa&mufrI&Sdaom

yg0ifywfoufoltcsKdUonf EAFM vkyfief;pOfudk aeSmifh,Suf wm;qD;Edkifonf/ (EdkifiHa&;tjrwfxkwf&ef?

odkYr[kwf tjcm;tjrwfwpfckckxkwf&ef) xkdYaMumifholwdkYudk wuf<upGmaqmif&Guf&efvdkonf/ ta&;ygrIjrifhrm;

MoZmoufa&mufrI edrfhaomtkyfpkrSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh oufa&mufrIudk tcH&qHk;jzpfwwfonf/ (Oyrm – EAFM jzpfpOfwGif avmifaMu;rsm;rsm;xnhf0ifol pHp&m^cHp&mrsm;oljzpfonf) odkY&mwGif olwdkYwGif ajyma&;qdkcGifh

tmPm r&SdMuyg/ olwdkYudk yg0ifudk,fpm;jyKcGifhay;&ef vdktyfí taxmuftul jyK&efvnf; vdktyfonf/ EAFM

vkyfief;pOfwGif ydkíajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sd&efvnf; ulnD&rnf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf / (1) ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folpm&if;jyKpkyg? ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;udk cGJjcm;avhvmyg

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkYudk cGJjcm;avhvm&ef aemufwenf;rSm rsufpdjzifh tvG,fwul jrifEdkifaom venn

Diagram yHkjzifh azmfjyjcif;jzpfNyD; ESD;EG,frIrsm;ESifh tzGJYtpnf;tvdkuf cGJjcm;avYvmrIudk azmfjyonf/

atmufazmfjyygyHkwGif puf0dkif;t&G,ftpm;onf toHk;0ifta&;ygyHkudkazmfnTef;í puf0dkif;tem; taetxm;

onf xdawGYqufqHrI BudrfEIef;udk azmfnTef;onf/ oD;jcm; puf0dkif; = xdawGYqufqHrIr&Sd/ xdaeaompuf0dkif; =

tzGJYtpnf;wckESifhwpfckMum; owif;tqufoG,f&Sdonf/ puf0dkif;tenf;i,fxyfaejcif; = qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mwGif

yl;aygif;yg0ifrSk toifhtwifh&Sdonf/ puf0kdif;BuD;rm;pGmxyfaejcif; = qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mwGif ododomom yl;aygif;

aqmif&GufrI&Sdjcif; ponfwdkYjzpfonf/

ykH 8.5 / yg0ifywfoufolrsm;Mum; qufpyfESD;EG,frIudk azmfjyaom Venn Digagram

vufawGYavhusifhcef;/ yg0ifywfoufolrsm;

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf / ig;vkyfief;&yfEDDS;EG,folrsm;udk Venn diagram wGifaz:jyyg/

vkyfief;BuD; (7)/ t"duyg0ifolrsm; tkyfpkwpfckwnfaxmifyg/

t"du ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; tkyfpkqdkonfrSm vltenf;i,f (4 - 5 a,muf vkyfief;pOf

OD;pm;ay;rItay:rlwnf) yg0ifvsufa'ocH vlYtzGJYtpnf;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrI tzGJYtpnf;wdkYrS udk,fpm;jyKolrsm;

jzpfMuNyD; EAFM vkyfief;pwifNyD;aemuf OD;pD;aqmif&Gufolrsm; (Facilitators) ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfrnfholrsm;

jzpfMuonf/ þtkyfpkwGif vkyfief;BuD; (1) (Taesk 1) wGif ueOD;yg0ifonfh tzGJY0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf vlopfrsm;

jzpfEdkifygonf/ þt"dutkyfpkonf tvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf a'ocHtzGJY0ifrsm;ESifh

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif ryg0ifolrsm;udkyg wm0efESifh tmPmudk ay;xm;ygonf/ þt"dutkyfpkonf

atmufygwdkYudkaqmif&GufEdkifonf-

• awGYqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh EAFM udpöudk tm;jznfhay;onf/

• a'ocHtzGJYtpnf; zGJYpnf;jcif;udk aqmif&Gufay;jcif;/

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; EAFM od&dSem;vnf&ef ulnDjcif;

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;ESifhxdawGYí jyóemudpörsm;ESifh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk owfrSwf

azmfxkwfjcif;

• EAFM vkyfief;pOfwpfcktwGif; qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;udk ulnDjcif;

• tjcm; ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;? ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,foltkyfpkrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfxkwfjcif;

• a'ocHtzGJY0ifrsm;twGif; owif;pkaqmi;fjcif;? jzefYcsDjcif;

vkyfief;BuD; (8) / EAFM twGif; tajccHusaom w&m;Oya'udk pOf;pm;yg/

EAFM wpfckudk aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf w&m;Oya'odkYr[kwf Oya'uJhodkY oufa&mufaom rl0g'

(vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdrl0g') wpfck &Sdoifhonf/ txl;ojzifh yl;wGJ pDrHcefYcGJa&;udk aqmif&Gufonfh tcgrsKd;wGifjzpfonf/

tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf a'ocHrsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJrIudpö aqmif&Guf&ef w&m;0iftmPmay;xm;ygu ydkaumif;onf/

Oyrm - ypdzdwfuRef;EdkifiHrsm;wGif a&iHtdkifrsm;? oEÅmausmufwef;rsm;udk &dk;&mtpOftvmt& eD;pyfonfh

a'ocHrsm;uydkifqdkifonf/ ig;vkyfief;Oya'udk a&;qGJ&mwGif tmPmrsKd;udk ay;oifhonf/ EdkifiHtcsKdUwGif

a'ocHig;vkyfief; enf;Oya'rsm; odkYr[kwf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI &Hk;trdefY rsm;udk a&;qGJcsrSwf&mwGif þtmPm

(ydkifqdkifrItmPm) rsdK;udk owfrSwfay;onf/ EAFM twGuf tajccHusaom Oya'rsm;udk csrSwfjcif;onf

vkdvm;tyfaom t&mwpfck jzpfonf/ vuf&SdoifhavsmfavQmufywfaom Oya'r&Sdjcif;udk taMumif;jyKí

vkyfief;pOfudk pwif&ef tcsdefqGJjcif;rsKd;udk rvkyftyfyg/ odkY&mwGif vuf&SdrI0g'onf taxmuftuljyKaom

odkYr[kwf taxmuftulrjyKaom rl0g'udkod&SdNyD; EAFM twGuf tajccHusaom Oya'udk jyefvnfoHk;oyf&ef

r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfonf/

tusOf;csKyfpwifjcif; (u) (startup A) wGif azmfjyxm;aom vkyfief;BuD; (Tasks) 8 ckudk tqifh

vdkufaqmif&Guf&ef rvdktyfyg? trSefrSm þvkyfief;BuD;rsm;onf NydKifwljzpf&ef odkYr[kwf xyfae&ef

tvm;vm&Sdonf/ Start up A (pwifjcif;-u) udk tNyD;owf aqmif&Guf&ef tedrfhqHk; vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk yHk 8.6

wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf/ vkyfaqmifol (Taciletor) wpfOD;jzifh EAFM tzGJYudk

pwifwnfaxmifyg/ Start up vkyfief;pDrHcsufa&;yg? yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfxkwfí

yg0ifywfoufolrsm; tkyfpkwpfck wnfaxmifyg? tjcm;tzGJYBuD;rsm;ESifh xdawGYqufqHyg? Oya'jyefvnf

oHk;oyfjcif;udkvkyfí FMU \ us,fjyefYaom e,fy,fudk owfrSwfazmfxkwfyg/

yHk 8.6 / pwifjcif; (u) tusOf;csKyfyHk

atmufyg Start Up A pm&if;udk toHk;csí wqiYfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk wdkif;wm wefbdk; jzwfNyD; Startup vkyfief;pDrHcsufwpfck a&;qGJyg/

Startup A Tasks (pwifjcif; - u - vkyfief;BuD;rsm;) aqmif&Gufcsuf

NyD;^rNyD; rSwfcsufrsm;

1/ ulnDaqmif&Gufay;olwpfOD;ESifhtwl EAFM tzGJYwnf axmifyg

2/ FMU \ us,fjyefYaom e,fy,f{&d,mudk owfrSwf azmfxkwfyg

3/ Startup vkyfief;pDrHcsufwck a&;qGJyg

4/ EAFM ed'gef; vkyfief;rsm;udk taumifxnfazmf aqmif&Gufyg

5/ tzGJYrsm;? tpdk;&Xmetqifhrsm;ESifh yl;aygif; aqmif&Gufyg

6/ yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfxkwfyg

7/ t"du ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; tkyfpkudkwnfaxmifyg

8/ usifYokH;qJ Oya'rsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfyg

pwifjcif; (c) ? ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,fyg0ifywfoufolrsm;\ aqmif&Gufcsuf

Module 9


• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;enf;vrf;jzifh

t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf&ef

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;rS tpnf;ta0;rsm;tm;rnfuJhokdU jyifqifjcif;? usif;yjcif;udk

od&dSem;vnf&ef

• yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif; tajccHoabmw&m;udk od&Sdem;vnf&ef


þtqkH;wGif Stertup B ESifhwuG ywfoufonfhudpörsm;udk tusOf;azmfjyxm;onf/ yl;aygif;

aqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf vkyfaqmifjcif;udk &Sif;vif;xm;ygonf;/ EAFM vkyfief;pOfudk tm;jznfhcdkifrmapaom

tvkyf½k HaqG;aEG;yGJ? tpnf;ta0;rsm;usif;y&ef? vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&efudk &Sif;jyxm;onf/ ylaygif;pDrHcefYcGJ

jcif;onf EAFM odkY t"ducsOf;uyfrIwpfck jzpfaMumif; wifjyxm;ygonf/

ed'gef;

ig;vkyfief;&yf ESifhESD;EG,fyg0ifywfoufolwdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufonf tqifhwpfckwnf;r[kwfyg/ Startup B wGif pwifrIwpfckjzpfNyD; tpjyKaom qufvufvkyfaqmif&rnfh EAFM vkyfief;pOfwpfavQmuf qufvuf

jzpfysufaeNyD; wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh jzpfysufajymif;vJvmrnfh oabm&Sdonf/ ig;vkyfief;&yf

ESifhESD;EG,fywfoufolwdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufonf EAFM tzGJUwGif t"du ESD;EG,ffywfoufol ESihf

yl;aygif;yg0ifolrsm;? tzGJYtpnf;rsm;wdkY\ tzGJUpnf;qdkif&m todÓPfudk wnfaqmuf ay;onf/ tcef; 16?

tajctaerSefudk ppfaq;jcif; 2 ESihf People Toolkit wGif tusOf;azmfjyxm;aom a'ocHrsm;udk

vIyf&Sm;aqmif&Guf&ef toifhjzpfapaom enf;pepfrsm;udkvnf; &nfnTef;onf/

1 / yg0ifaqmif&GufrI

us,fjyefpGmaqmif&GufrI\ tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;rSm-

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,ffolwdkY \ tjriftrsdK;rsdK;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onf/

• aqmif&Gufcsufudk wdk;jrifYay;jcif;/ (rnfonfhtwGufvJ? rnfolUxHrSvJ? ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;vm;?)

• pGrf;&nfjrSifhwifaomjzpfpOfudk tm;ay;jcif;/ Oyrm

o trSDcdkuif;rJYrIESifh rdrdudk,fudk,HkMunfrI&Sdap&ef tm;ay;jcif;/

o tajymif;tvJtwGuf taxmuftuljzpfapeSdKifjcif;/

• vsifjrefí tukefusoufomaom &vm'f&Sdjcif;/

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkh\Mum;wGif ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom tawG;tac:rsm; ydkifqdkifrIukdwdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;/

• pmwufajrmufrIudk jy|mef;xm;jcif;r&Sdjcif;/

• rdrdtodpdwftjrifrsm;udk wefzdk;xm;jcif;/

• rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIudk wnfaqmufjcif;/

vkyfief;pOftwdkif;aqmif&Guf&ef wGef;tm;ay;aom? vIYHaqmfapaom &yfwnfumuG,fay;ol (odkYr[kwf)

acgif;aqmifrsm;udk owfrSwfaz:xkwf&efvnf; tvGefta&;BuD;onf/

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;odkY csOf;uyfaomr@dKif (3) ckrSm

START UP Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

• oabmxm;ESihf tjyKtrl- yg0ifaqmif&GufrIyg0ifaom tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm; atmifjrif&ef t"du

pDpOfaqmif&Gufol\ oabmxm;? pdwfxm;ESifhtjyKtrIonf tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ olonf

Mum;ae&rnfjzpfNyD; rQwpGmaqG;aEG;Edkif&efESifh tm;vHk;yg0ifaqG;aEG;Ekdif&ef pDrHay;&rnf/

• enf;pepfrsm;- vltm;vHk; yg0ifaqmif&Gufvdkpdwfudk ESdk;qGay;aom enf;pepf rsm;pGm&Sdygonf/

(People Toolkit udkMunfhyg)? odkY&mwGif az:jyyg enf;pepfrsm;rSm rSefuefaom oabmxm;?

pdwfxm;ESihf tjyKrlrsdK;jzifh toHk;csrSomvQif xda&mufrI &Sdrnfjzpfonf/ txufwGifaz:jyyg

jyóemuJhodkU w&m;rQw bufrvdkufrI (wpfenf;tm;jzifh tpnf;ta0;wGif vTrf;rdk;BuD;pkd;rIr&Sdjcif;)?

&Sd&ygrnf/

• rQa0jcif;- owif;tcsuftvuf rQa0jcif;? todÓPf? xifjrif,lqcsuf? cHpm;csufwdkYudk

rQa0jcif;onf yl;aygif; aqmif&GufrI jzpfpOfwGif ta&;ygaom tcsufwpfckjzpfonf/ rQa0jcif;jzifh

vlwdkYudk pGrf;&nfjrihfapNyD; jyóemrsm;udk aqG;aEG;ajz&Sif;Ekdifonf/ odkYr[kwf jyóemudkvnf;

yGifhvif;pGmcsjyEkdifNyD; tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Ekdifatmif pDrHaqmif&GufEkdifonf/ tcef; 12?

tajctaerSefudk ppfaq;jcif; 1 udkMunfhyg)/

yl;aygif;yg0ifcsOf;uyfjcif;\ t"du &nf&G,fcsufwpfckrSm rdrdwdkY\ vdktyfcsufrsm; rdrdwdkY\ wwfuRrf;rI

rsm;udk azmfjycGifhr&Sdaom edrfYusaeolrsm;? edrfYusaeaomtkyfpkrsm;udk qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfa&;udpörsm;wGif yg0if

udk,fpm;jyKEdkif&efjzpfonf/ EAFM jzpfpOf atmifjrif&eftwGuf t&if;tjrpftoHk;jyKol (trsdK;om;^trsdK;orD;)

rsm;? a'ocHtzGJYtpnf;rsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? a'oqdkif&mtpdk;&\ w&m;0ifcGifhjyKcsuf&Sdolrsm;?

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,ffolrsm; tm;vHk;wkdYonf yg0ifxdef;csKyfí qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csEkdif&efvdktyfonf/ þodkY

aqmif&GufEkdif&ef ig;oH,HZmw t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh ,if;wdkYtm; pDrHcefYcGJrIudk a*[pepfabmiftwGif;

ydkrdkowdjyK od&Sdem;vnf&ef vdktyfonf/

yg0ifaqmif&GufekdifcGifh ay;jcif;jzifh &&Sdonfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;rSm

• A[kokw? todÓPf? uRrf;usifrI? tzGJYtpnf;qdkif&m aqmif&GufEkdifrI pGrf;tm;udk wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;/

• qHk;jzwfcsufESihf &v'ftajzwdkYudk ydkifqdkifjcif;/

• wm0ef,lrI&Sdjcif;?

• aqmif&GufEdkifrIESifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsEkdifaompGrf;tm;&Sdjcif;?

• vIHYaqmfrI&Sdjcif; ESifh

• a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJrI&Sdjcif; wdkYjzpfygonf/

2 / aumif;rGefaomtusdK;aqmifjcif;

tusdK;aqmif&GufolwpfOD; (facilitator) onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh Mum;aeol trDScdkuif;rJholjzpfí ol\

tcef;u@rSm yl;aygif;yg0ifrIvkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif vlwpfOD;csif; tkyfpkESihftzGJUpnf;rsm;udk taxmufuljyK&ef

jzpfonf/ (taxmufuljyKonfqdk&mwGif vufawGYpDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfief;rsm;udk csJUxGifEdkiffonf/ odkYaomf

þae&mwGif yg0ifonfh taMumif;t&m ESifh jzpfpOftay:wGif tm½kHpl;pdkufEdkifonf)/ tusdK;aqmifonf

tkyfpkvdkuf ywfouf&aom jzpfpOftm;vHk;wGif tmPmqufpyfrIESihf vkyfEdkifrIpGrf;tm; wdkYukdk aumif;pGm

owdjyKrd&ef vdktyfonf/ xdkYaMumifh 4if;wdkYonf gender dynamic (trsdK;om^trsdK;orD; cGJjcm;jcif;) udk

owdjyK&ef vdktyfonf/ (tpOfjrJ r[kwfonfhwdkif rsm;aomtm;jzifh trsdK;om;rsm;yg0ifaom

tpnf;a0;rsm;wGif trsdK;orD;rsm; pum;xajymavhr&Sdyg)/ xdkYtwl Social hierarchic (vlrIa&;qdkif&m tmPm

tqifhqifh) udkvnf; owdjyKrd&ef vdktyfonf/ (Oyrm - &Gmwpf&GmwGifjzpfap? tpdk;&XmewpfckwGif;jzpfap?

tpnf;a0; wpfckwGif touft&G,f BuD;olwdkYyg0ifjcif;? ouf&G,fBuD;olwdkY\tjrif ponfwdkYu vli,fwdkY\

ajymqdkcsufudk uefYowf wwfonf)/ xdkYtwl socio/culture differences (vlrIa&;^,Ofaus;rIjcm;em;csuf)

udkvnf; txl;owdjyK&efvnf; vdktyfonf/ (Oyrm -tpnf;ta0;wGif wdkif;&if;om; vlenf;pkrsm;

ajyma&;qdkcGifh r&Sdjcif;)/

aumif;rGefaom tusdK;aqmif&GufrIwGif atmufygwdkYyg0ifonf/

• tjcm;olrsm;udk ,HkMunfjcif;? olwdkY\pGr;f&nfukd ,HkMunfjcif;?

• onf;cHjcif;ESihf aumif;rGefaom em;axmifrIpGrf;&nf&Sdjcif;/

• twwfynmtopfrsm; &&Sda&;twGuf rdrdudk,fudk oabmaygufjcif;ESifh yGifhvif;rI&Sdjcif;/

• rdrdudk,fudktxifBuD;jcif; r[kwfaom cdkifrmaom ,HkMunfrI&Sdjcif;/

• aumif;rGefaom b0tawGYtBuHK&Sdjcif;ESihf aumif;rGefaom ydkif;jcm;a0zefwufaom todÓPf&djScif;/

• rdrd\ xifjrif,lqcsufukd razmfjybJ olwpfyg;\ xifjrif,lqcsufudk tav;xm;jcif;/

• ig;vkyfieff;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;Mum;wGif cdkifrmaom,HkMunfcsuf &&SdapEdkifaomywf0ef;usifopf zefwD;

Edkifjcif;/

• enf;pepfrsm;? tqifhrsm;ajymif;vJEkdif&ef vdkufavsmnDaxGrI&Sdjcif;/

• tzGJYtkyfpkwpfck\ pdwfcHpm;rItajcaeudkodjcif;tyg0if tzGJUwpfckxlaxmif&eftodÓPf&djScif;/

rnfonfhqufqHa&;wGifrqdk t"duusaomt&mwpfckrSm pkpnf;nDnGwfrIudk aqmufwnf jcif;jzpfonf/

qdkvdkonfrSm - vlESpfOD;Mum;cHpm;csuft& rdrdwdkYonf wGJzufEdkifaMumif; odEdkifonf/ tcgrsm;pGmwGif

rdrdjzpfapcsifonfh twdkif; owif;wpfckudk vltrsm; vufcHoabmayguf em;vnf&ef pkpnf;nDnGwfaom

,HkMunfrI wnfaqmufjcif;onf tvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/ aumif;rGefaom tusdK;aqmif&GufolwpfOD;onf

tjyeftvSefem;vnfrSK wnfaqmuf&rnfudk odygonf/

tusdK;aqmif&Gufolrsm;taejzifh jyóemrsm;udk xda&mufpGmajz&Sif;Ekdifa&;twGuf atmufygtwkdif;

aqmif&GufMuonf/

(u) tjynfht0yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIudk tm;ay;jcif;? rdrdudk,fudkwkdifjyefvnfoHk;oyfí atmifjrifatmif

aqmif&Gufjcif;/

vlwdkYonfrsm;aomtm;jzifh rdrdtrSefwu,fxifjrifcsufudk xkwfazmfajymMum;avh r&Sd? tkyfpkvdkuf

&SdaeonfhtcgwGif vkyfavhvkyfx&Sdonfht&mwpfckrSm wpfpHkwpfa,mufu pum;ajymvdkonfhtcgwGif

usefolrsm; em;axmifap&ef tm;vHk;odaom? tm;vHk;pdwf0ifpm;Ekdifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk ajymavh

&Sdonf/ þtjzpfudk owdrjyKMuaomaMumifh vltrsm;onf rdrdwdkYpum;rajymrD ajym&rnfhpum;vHk;rsm;udk

pDppfuefYowfwwfonf/ tpnf;ta0;wpfckwGif ulnDoltusdK;aqmif (facilitator) rsm;taejzif vltm;vHk;udk

qGJac:í rdrd&ifwGif;rS ajymqdkvdkaom tcsufrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;Mum;atmif ajymqdkapEkdifaom t&nftcsif;

&SdMuonf/ xdktusdK;aqmif&Gufol (facilitators) rsm; taejzifh wdwfqdwfaeaom tzGJU0ifrsm;

pum;ajymvmap&ef tjzpfrSef aoaocsmcsm rodrD apmpD;pGma0zefrIrsm; avsmhcs&efESifh vltm;vHk;

wdwfaernfhtcg wpfckck pOf;pm;ap&ef aqmif&GufEkdifpGrf;&SdMuonf/

(c) tjyeftvSefem;vnfrI &&Sdapjcif;ESihf tjrifwpfcktay: w&m;aoqkwfudkifxm; jcif;udk yaysmuf&ef

aqmif&Gufjcif;

tpktzGJUwpfck&Sdvltm;vHk;onf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; em;vnfrIr&SdMuygu taumif;qHk;aom tawG;tac:

tMuHÓPf &&SdEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ vltrsm;onf rdrdwdkY w&m;aoqkwfudkifxm;aom tjrifrS vTwfajrmufatmif

aqmif&GufEkdifrIcufcJonf/ tjyeftvSef em;vnfrIay:tajcjyKí tzGJUwpfckatmifjrifrI &&SdEkdifonfudk

usefvlrsm; od&Sdoabmaygufap&ef facilitator u aqmif&Guf ay;onf/ tjyeftvSefem;vnfrI rSm;,Gif;jcif;rSm

a&SmifvGJí&wwfaomt&m r[kwfaMumif;ESifh vltm;vHk;udk pdwfzdpD;Ekdifaom oabm&SdaMumif;udk

tusdK;aqmif&Gufol facilitator u od&Sdoabmaygufonf/ pdwfzdpD;rIcH&olrsm;udk ulnDaxmufyHY&efvdktyfNyD;

av;pm;pGm apmifha&Smufay;&ef vdkonf/ xdkYaMumifh tusdK;aqmif&Gufolonf bufrvdkufbJ tm;vHk;\

xifjrifcsufrsm;udk wefbdk;xm;í em;axmifjcif;jzifh tzGJU0ifwpfOD;csif;onf rdrdtay:cHpm;csufrsm;udk

usefolrsm;u em;vnfaMumif;od&SdEkdifNyD; rdrdudk,fudk ,HkMunfrI &Sdvmonf/

(*) tvHk;pHkyg0ifaom ajz&Sif;csufudk wdk;yGm;apí tEkdif t½I H;wpfckay:rSmom rlwnfaom pdwf"gwf

rsdK;udk ajymif;vJapjcif;

vltrsm;onf jyóemrsm; xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkifrIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Mu&mwGif orm½dk;us pdwf"mwfESifh

tawG;tac:wGifom qkwfudkifMuonf/ tEkdifr[kwfygu t½IH;[lí ,HkMunfMuonf/ tm;vHk;twGuf tusdK;&Sd

apaom oabmwlnDrIrsdK;udk &&Sdvdrfhrnf[k pOf;pm;avh r&SdMuyg/ tawGUtMuHK&Sdaom tusdK;aqmif&Gufol

taejzifh tzGJU0iftm;vHk;xHrS vlwpfOD;csif;\tjrifudkaygif;pyfífpdwful;topf&&Sd&ef aqmif&GufEkdifonf/

þudp örSm pdefac:rI wpf&yfjzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif tvHk;pHkyg0ifaom ajz&Sif;onfhenf;pepf\ wefzdk;od&Sdvm

onfhtcsdefwGif tusdK;oufa&mufrIBuD;rm;aMumif; awGU&rnf/ pdwful;tawG;ac: topf\tiftm;udk awGU&Sd

oabmayguf vmonfhwpfaeYwGif tzGJU\xda&mufrItay: ydkí arQmfvifhcsuf wdk;yGm; vmrnf jzpfonf/

(C) tawG;tac:opfrsm; awG;ac:Ekdif&ef avhusifhoifMum;ay;jcif;ESihf tpnf;a0;yGJrsm;\ pDrHcefYcGJrI

t&nftaoG; wkd;yGm;apjcif;

ratmifjrifaom tpnf;a0;yGJrsm;wGif acgif;aqmifjzpfol odkYr[kwf tjcm;wpfOD;OD;tay:

tjypfyHkcs&efrSmvG,fulonf tusdK;aqmif (facilitators) wa,muftaejzifh tzGJY0ifrsm;tm; xda&mufaom

rQa0rI? jyjyóemajz&Sif;rI? qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfrIrsm; aqmif&GufEkdif&ef oifMum;ay;&rnf tcGifhta&;ESihf

wm0ef&Sdonf/

(i) pnf;a0;yGJrsm;? tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;twGuf wdus&Sif;vif;jynhfpHkaom pepf wnfaqmufjcif;

tzGJYwpfcktaejzifh ta&;BuD;qHk;aom pOf;pm;awG;ac:rI t&nftcsif;rSm &Sif;vif; jywfom;í jynfhpHkaom

pepfodkYr[kwf vkyfief;pOftqifhqifhudk oif,ljcif;jzpfonf/ NyD;jynfhpHkí trsm;oabmwlxm;aom

&nfrSef;csufESihf &Sif;vif;wdusaom vkyfief;pOf&Sdaom pnf;a0;yGJwpfckusif;yjcif;onf omrefpnf;a0;yGJrsm;

usif;yjcif;xuf BuD;rm;pGm uGmjcm;jyD; tzGJY0ifrsm;\ tjyKtrlay:vnf; BuD;rm;pGm oufa&mufrI&Sdonf/

tusdK;aqmif&Gufolonf atmifjrifaom tpnf;ta0; odkYr[kwf tvkyf½k HaqG;aEG;yGJusif;y&ef vdktyfaom

enf;pepftqihfrsm;udk tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; avhusifhay;Ekdifonf/

(p) pOf;pm;awG;ac:rIvkyf&yfrsm;udk uGyfuJwnfaqmufjcif;

wpfcgwpf&HwGif tzGJYwpfckonf wpfpkHwpfckay:wpfcsdefwnf; tm½kHpl;pdkuf&ef tultnDvdktyfonf/

xdktcsdefrsdK;wGif uGyfuJxm;aom pOf;pm;awG;ac:rIvkyf&yfrsdK;? Oyrm brain storming (jyóemwpf&yfudk

wpfNydKifwnf; trsm;tMuHÓPfjzifh ajz&Sif;jcif;)onf tvGefwefbdk;&Sdonf/ tawGUtMuHK&Sdaom

tusdK;aqmifonf oifhavsmfaom tcsdefwGif tzGJUudkpOf;pm;awG;ac:rI vkyf&yf trsdK;rsdK;udk aqmif&Gufay;

Ekdifonf/

(q) tzGJU\ ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;rIudkazmfjy&ef &Sif;vif;aompum;&yfudk toHk;jyKjcif;

rdrdtzGJU\ ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;rIudk jyefvnfoHk;oyf&efESihf tjcm;tzGJU\ ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;rIESihf csdwfqufay;&ef

tusdK;aqmifonf trsm;rQa0oabmwlxm;aom usrf;udk;rsm;? pum;&yfrsm;udk tzGJY0ifrsm;odkYay;tyfonf/

þenf;jzifh tzGJU0ifrsm;onf rdrdwdkY aqG;aEG;aom rmwdumyg taMumif;t&m rSwpfqifh jyefqkwfí

vkyfief;pOfodkY a&SUwdk;í aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh tpnf;ta0;\ ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;rIudk wdk;jr§ifhaponf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ aumif;aomtusdK;aqmif&Gufol (facilitator) ESifY

raumif;aomtusdK;aqmif&Gufol udkaz:jyyg/

3 / EAFM wGif yg0ifolrsm;\ tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;

þyrmP EAFM tvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yJGrsm; odkYr[kwf tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm atmufygwdkY

tay: oabmwlnDrI &íjzpfonf/

• a&G;cs,fxm;aom FMU (tcef; 10? tqifY 1.1) tay:oabmwl&ef/

• rnfhonfh t"duyg0ifywfoufolwdkY yg0if&rnfudk oabmwl&ef/ (tcef; 8? tpjyKvkyfief; (u)

task vi) • us,fjyefYaompDrHcefYcGJrI&nfrSef;csuf (tjrif) ESifh aemufcHtcsuftvufowif;rsm; ydkí xkwfEkwf&ef

FMU \ abmifudkoabmwl&ef (tcef; 10? tqifY 1.2 ESifY 1.3 )

EAFM yg0ifywfoufolwdkY tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJwpfckwGif yg0ifywfoufol trsdK;rsdK;wkdU pnf;a0;yGJ wpfckwGif

yg0ifí atmufygwdkYudk&nf&G,fonf/

• rdrdwdkYtay:oufa&mufrI&Sdaom ig;vkyfief;ESihfEDS;EG,faom tajcaeudk wdk;wuf aumif;rGef ap&ef/

• oufa&mufrIcHpm;ae&aom wpfOD;csif;? wpfzGJUcsif;wdkYudk vlrIa&;wGifyg0ifaygif;pyf qufEG,fapí

awGYqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;? nd§EIdif;jcif;? oifcef;pm&,ljcif;ESihf trsm;pkaygif; qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;wdkYudk

aqmif&GufEkdif&ef/

• EAFM wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGuf tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;? qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfolrsm;? a'o tzGJUtpnf;rS

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? odyÜ Hynm&Sifrsm;? vkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESihf NGO tpdk;& r[kwfaom tzGJYpnf;rS

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk twlwuG pOf;pm;vkyfudkifMu&eftwGuf wdkufwGef;&efwdkYjzpfonf

tvkyf½k HaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif atmufygtcsufwdkY yg0ifonf/ avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;? zGHUNzdK; wdk;wufa&;

vkyfjcif;? toif;tzGJUwnfaxmifjcif;? awGUqHkqufoG,fa&; aqmif&Gufjcif;? aphaqmfwdkufwGef;jcif;ESihf

pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ az:jyyg vkyfief;pOfwdkYudk aqmif&Guf&mwGif todÓPf A[kokw wdk;yGm;

ap½kHrQomr[kwfyJ tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJjzpfpOf tqifhqifhrS&Sif;vif;aomOD;wnfcsufESihf &vm'f &&Sda&;txd

yg0ifonf/ þueOD;tpnf;ta0; rsm;wGif &nf&G,fcsufrSm EAFM Steps 1.1 to 1.3 udk oabmwl&efjzpfonf/

vkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif ukd,fwdkifyg0ifjcif;jzifh udk,fydkif ydkifqdkifrIESihf vkyfydkifcGihftmPm &&SdouJhodkYaom

taw;GrsdK;udk &&SdapNyD; tzGJYtpnf; wdk;wufrIESifh wpfOD;csif;\wdk;wufrIukd aqmifusOf; ay;ygonf/ tvkyf½kH

aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;onf ajymif;vJrIvkyfaqmif&efudpö? ajymif;vJrIudk pDrHcefYcGJ&efudp öwdkYwGif xda&mufpGm

ulnDEdkifonf/ xdkYjyif atmifjrifrI&ap&ef? pdwful;ESihf wDxGifrItopfrsm;? pDrHcsufrsm;? vkyfief;pOf rsm;wGif

&nfrSef;csuftwdkif; aygufajrmufap&ef rsm;pGmtaxmufuljyKygonf/ xdkYjyif tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJ rsm;onf

twm;tqD;rsm;udk NzdKzsuf&ef? tzGJUBuD; ^ i,f a'ocHrsm;tMum; qufoG,frIwdkYudk wdk;wufap&ef rsm;pGm

ulnDEkdifonf/

ueOD;yg0ifywfoufolwdk Y awGUqHkaqG;aEG;rIrsm;wGif tvGef&Sif;vif;vG,fulaom jrifuGif; Oyrm

wpfck

tajccHtm;jzifh tusdK;aqmifjzpfolonf ed'gef;taejzifh tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJ\ &nfrSef;csuf rsm;ESihf

vkyfaqmifrnfhtajctaewdkYudk tusOf;csKyfí az:jy&ygrnf/ xdkYaemuf tusdK;aqmifonf EAFM tqifh

ig;qifh (tcef; 7? EAFM vkyfief;tqifYqifYtay:NcHKiHkokH;oyfjcif; wdkY az:jyonfhtwdkif;) udk azmfjyí

Step 1 twGuf BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; vkyfxm;NyD;aMumif; &Sif;jy&ygonf/

xdkYaemuf tusdK;aqmif&Gufolonf FMU tvm;tvmESihf ywfoufaomowif; (&Sif;vif;wifjycsuf

wpfcsyfoHk;oifh) udk wifjyonf/ aqmif&GufcJhNyD;aomtvkyf (tcef; 8? tpjyKvkyfief; - u ) ay:rlwnfí

rnfonfhyg0ifywfoufolwdkYESihf qdkifonfudkwifjyonf/ xdkYaemuf FMU ESihf t"duyg0if ywfoufolrsm;

tMum; oabmwlnDrludk &&Sd&ef aqmif&Gufonf/

xdkYaemuf tusdK;aqmif&Gufolonf (&Sif;vif;wifjycsuf 2 csyf 3 csyfjzifY) us,fjyefYaom FMU pDrHcefYcGJrIyef;wdkifESihf ig;vkyfief;\ aemufcHudkwifjyonf/ xdkYaemuf tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJ vkyfief;pOfwdkYudk

aqmif&Guf&mwGif atmufygwdkYudkOD;wnfonf/ (u) yef;wdkifudkaqG;aEG;&efESifh vdktyfygu jyifqifnd§EIdif;&ef?

(c) aemufcHowif;tcsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&ef yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk trSm;rsm; ESihf uGm[csufrsm;udk

azmfxkwf&efjzpfonf/ FMU \ t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfEkdif&ef twkdif;twmabmifESihf aemufcHvIyf&Sm;rI rsm;wGif

atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf/

• aemufcHowif;&&ef wpfNydKifwnf;pkaygif;pOf;pm;ajz&Sif;jcif; jyKvkyfjcif;? pm&if;tif;aA'? oufqdkif&m

okawoe? rl0g'rsm;? w&m;pD&ifa&;&mrsm; ponf…

• qdyfurf;wpfckodkYr[kwf zrf;rdig;rsm;vma&mufpkyHk&m avSqdyfwpfckodkYoGm;í avhvmjcif;?

ar;jref;jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;enf;jzifh FMU \ abmifudkod&Sd em;vnfjcif;

xdkYaemuf tusdK;aqmif&Gufolonf oabmwlnDcsuftm;vHk;ukd tusOf;csKyfaz:jyNyD;aemuf aqmif&Guf

rnfh tqifhrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkjcif;? þ&&Sdaom owif;tcsufvufrsm;udk yg0ifywfoufolrsm;xH rnhfonfh

oifhavsmfonfh yHkpHerlemjzifh jyefvnfqufoG,fwifjy&efudk aqG;aEG;onf/ ,ckaz:jyygtcsufonf EAFM vkyfief;pOfrsm; jzpfay:vmNyD; yg0ifywfoufol rsm;vmonfhtajcaersdK;wGif yxrqHk;aqmuf&Gufrnfh

tpnf;a0; tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJjzpfonf/ tcef; 11? tqifY 2 ESifY tcef; 13 ESifY 14 tqifY 3/ twGuf

txufaz:jyyg tpnf;a0;rsm;? tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm; vdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/

FMU t0ef;t0dkif;ESih f Profile taMumif; tao;pdwfudk tcef; 10? tqifY 1.3 Munfhyg/

4 / yg0ifywfoufol\ pdwf0ifpm;rIESihfudk,fwdkifyg0ifrIudk tuJjzwfjcif;/

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk owfrSwfaz:xkwfNyD;aemuf ,if;wkdU\ EAFM ESihf ywfoufaom oabmxm;ESihf

&yfwnfcsufrsm;udk od&Sd&efvdktyfonf/ Stakeholder engagement matrix (Tool n.18) udk toHk;jyKí

olwdkY\&yfwnfcsufudk &SmazGNyD; rnfodkYvkyfaqmif&rnfudk pOf;pm;yg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh atmufygwdkYudk

aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfygvdrfhrnf/ a'ocHrsm;udk pnf;½kH;vIHYaqmfjcif;? yg0ifapjcif;ESihf A[kokwudkwdk;yGm;apjcif;

(aemufvmrnfhtcef; 6.1/ tcef; 16? tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; 2 ESifY People toolkit udkMunfhyg)/ EAFM vkyfief;pOfwdkYyg0ifvm&ef a'ocHrsm;udk pnf;½kH;&ef vdktyfonf/ a'ocHrsm; A[kokw&&Sd&ef? rdrdudktm;udk;&ef?

vkyfydkifcGifhtmPmay;&ef? wefbdk;topfrsm; jr§ifhwif&ef? qufoG,frIwdk;jr§ifh&efESihf OD;aqmifrIay;Ekdif&ef

vdktyfonf/ þenf;jzifh vufawGYvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk aqmif&GufvmEkdifonf/

tjcm;wpfzufwGifvnf; a'otpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;? 0efBuD;rsm;? tvSL&Sifrsm;ESifh aiGaMu; axmufyHhonf/

tzGJYrsm;udk pnf;½kH;odrf;oGif;&ef vdktyfonf/ þodkYvkyfEkdif&ef uRrf;usifrI vdkonf/ xdkuRrf;usifrIqdk&mü

rl0g'tusOf;a&;om;Ekdifjcif;ESifh EdkifiHa&;0ef;usif tajcaeESihf ywfoufaom todÓPf&Sdjcif; wdkYyg0ifonf/

(Tool n.37)? tjcm; yg0ifywfoufoltzGJYrsm;ESihf csdwfquf&efvnf; vdktyfonf/ (Oyrm NGO rsm;

okawoetzGJYrsm;ponf)? odkYrSom owif;tcsufvuf&,ljcif;? r[mAsL[majrmuf r[mrdwfzGJYjcif;ESihf

vkyfief;t&Sdeft[kefjrifhjcif;udk vkyfEkdifrnf/ tjcm;aom csOf;uyfenf;wpfckrSm a'ocH? EkdifiHawmfESihf EkdifiHwum

rD'D,mrsm;ESihf qufoG,faqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf/ ½dk;&m"avhESihf vlrIa&;rD'D,mrsm;udk toHk;jyKEkdifonf/

A[kokw wdk;yGm;&efomru jynfolwdkY\ EAFM tay: axmufcHrIydk&&Sd&ef pnf;½kH;jcif;yg0ifonf/

ywfoufoltm;vHk;yg0ifvm&ef enf;emrsm;csrSwf&rnf/ þudpöonf tm&Sa'otwGuf pdefac:rI

wpfckjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf a&vkyfom;rsm;onf BuD;rm;aomtzGJUtpnf; odkYr[kwf tzGJUcsKyfwdkY

yg0ifjcif;r&SdMuay/ a&vkyfom;ta&twGuf rsm;jym;ojzifh olwdkYyg0ifywfoufEkdifí aiGaMu;tajrmuftrsm;ESihf

tcsdef vdktyfonf/ yg0ifywfoufolwdkYudk udk,fpm;jyKoludp örSmvnf; rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfEkdifonf/ EkdifiHa&;

acgif;aqmifrsm;\wm0efrSm tpdk;&xHrS &rnfhtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udk &,lay;&efESihf tpdk;&ESifh a&G;aumuf

wifajrmufol jynfolMum; qufoG,fay;onfh Mum;cHjzpfonf/ þMum;cH udpöaMumifh ajymqdkaqG;aEG; &mwGif

vnf;aumif;? udk,fpm;jyKwifjy&mwGifvnf;aumif;? pDppfrIrsm; &SdvmEkdifonf/ Oyrm EkdifiHa&; ½Ia'gifhrS

roifhavsmfonfh ajymqkdaqG;aEG;rIrsm; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; ygvmygu udk,fpm;vS,frS wpfqifh pDppfjcif;jyKvkyfí

vdk&mqGJ,laom owif;tcsufvufrsm;om usef&Sdrnfjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh ukd,fpm;jyKolonf w&m;0if

jzpfaMumif;? ig;vkyfief; ti,fpm;vkyfudkifolwHigrsm;ESihf v,form;rsm;twGuf vHkavmufaom

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;&Sda&;? ,if;wdkY\ OD;pm;ay;rIESihf tusdK; trSefwu,f xif[yfaMumif; jzpf&efvdktyfonf/

pDrHcefYcGJa&;vkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifywfoufolwdkY us,fjyefYpGmyg0ifvma&;udp örSm EAFM \ t"du usaom

rlwpfckjzpfonf/ wdkifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;? nd§EIdif;jcif;rSwpfqifh tpkpyfyg0ifolrsm;tMum; w&m;0if

oabmwlnDrI&&Sdí oufqkdif&mtqHk;u@? pDrHcefYcGJa&;&m wm0efESihf &ydkifcGifh wdkYudk w&m;0if&&Sdrnfjzpfonf/

EAFM wGif yg0ifolrsm;taejzifh &ydkifcGifhESihf wm0ef,lrI (2) ckvHk; &&Sdygonf/ &ydkifcGifhqdkonfrSm

pDrHcefYcGJykdifcGifhESihf pDrHcefYcGJa&;vkyf&yfrsm;wGif pDrHcsufqGJjcif;? taumiftxnfaz:jcif;wdkYwGif yg0ifcGifhwdkY

jzpfonf/

5/ yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ü a*[pepf½IaxmihfrS csOf;uyfjcif;wdkY (2) ckwGif cdkifrmaom qufpyfrI

(wpfckay:wpfckrDScdkuif;rI) &Sdonf/ wpfckudkwpfcku yHhydk;ay;jcif;rsdK; jzpfonf/ yg0ifywfoufolwkdY\

&ydkifcGifhESihfvkyfykdifcGifh twdkif;twmonf qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfonfYudpö? vkyfief;pOfrsm; taumiftxnfazmfonfh

udpörsm;ay: BuD;rm;aom oufa&mufrI &Sdonf/

pDrHcefYcGJa&;udpötwGuf csOf;uyf&mwGif txufrSatmuf odkYr[kwf atmufrStxuf enf;jzifh

csOf;uyfonf/ txufrSatmufodkY enf;wGif tpdk;& (txl;ojzifh A[dktpdk;&) u wm0ef,lí taumiftxnf

azmfjcif;jzpfonf/ atmufrStxufokdYenf;wGif a'ocHjynfol a&vkyfom;rsm;u pDrHcefYcGJonfh a'ocHay:

tajccHonfh pDrHcefYcGJrSKjzpfonf/ trSeftm;jzifh tmPmcGJa0rIonf xdk txufrSatmufodkY ESifY atmufrS

txufodkYMum;wGif&Sdonf/ (yHk 9.1)

yHk 9-1 / yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif ESD;EG,frIjzpfaom a'ocHjynfoltajccHaompDrHcefYcGJrIudk azmfjy xm;yHk

(Pomeny and Berkes 1991, rS)/

tpGef;a&mufaom tajctaejzpfMuonfh ]]a'ocHjynfoltajccHpDrHcefYcGJrI}} ESihf ]]A[dktpdk;&tajccH

pDrHcefYcGJrI}} rsdK;rSm trSefwu,fawGU&avhr&SdbJ a&maESmaom pDrHcefYcGJrI yHkpHrsdK;om &Sdwwfonf/ xdkYaMumifh

yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJrI[laom a0g[m&onf tpdk;&ESifh a&vkyfom; (wHigrsm;) tMum; yg0ifywfoufEDS;EG,frI

tajctae trsdK;rsdK;udk qdkvdkonf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk atmufygtwdkif; t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfEkdifonf/

tpkpyf yl;aygif;tpDtpOfwpfckjzpfí t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk toHk;jyKMuaom a'ocHrsm;? tpdk;&?

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;? jyifytzGJYrsm;wdkY rQa0wm0ef,ljcif;? rQa0tmPm cGJa0jcif;enf;jzifh ig;vkyfief;udk

pDrHcefYcGJMuonf/ xdkodkYaqmif&Guf&mü tmPmcGJa0rI tqifhtrsdK;rsdK;jzifh aqmif&GufMuonf/

tmPmcGJa0rItqifhqifhudk atmufygtwdkif;t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfEkdifonf/

• a'ocHrsm;BudK;udkifonfhyHkpH- a'ocHrsm;udk qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfEkdif&ef tmPmay; xm;onf/

qH;kjzwfcsufukd tpkd;&odYk taMumi;fMum;wifjyonf/

• pkpyfyl;aygif;yHkpH - tqifhwlaomyl;aygif;í qHk;jzwfcsufcsonf/

• tMuHay;yHkpH-t&if;tjrpftoHk;jyKolwdkYu tpdk;&udk rnfodkYqHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwf&ef tMuHay;í tpdk;&u

qHk;jzwfcsufcsonf/

• qufoG,fonfhyHkpH- tjyeftvSef owif;zvS,fjcif;? a'ocHwdkY\ylyefrIrsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJa&; pDrHcsufwdkY

xnfhoGif;onf/

• yl;aygif;aqmif&GufonfhyHkpH- pDrHcefYcGJrIudpöwGif a'ocHwdkY wdkuf½ dkufyg0ifonf/

• wdkifyifaqG;aEG;onfhyHkpH -tpdk;&onf a&vkyfom;rsm;ESihf wdkifyifaqG;aEG; Ekdif&ef enf;vrf; xm;&dSNyD;?

tpkd;&uqkH;jzwfcsuf tm;vHk;udk csrSwfonf/

• owif;ay;onfhyHkpH- tpdk;&csrSwfcJhaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk a'ocHodkY owif; ay;onf/

wdkifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;? n§ dEdIif;jcif;rsm;rSwpfqifh yl;wGJpkpyfolwkdYonf pDrHcefYcGJa&; udpöwGif rdrdwdkY\

tcef;u@? wm0efESihf&ydkifcGifhwdkYudk w&m;0if oabmwlnDrSK&&SdMuonf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;\ tm;om;csufrsm;

• ydkíyGifhvif;jrifomaom? wm0ef,lrI&Sdaom? A[dkBudK;udkifrIuif;aom? pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfief;pOf jzpfonf/

• ydkí'Drkdua&pDqefaom? yl;aygif;yg0ifaom vlYtzGJYtpnf;jzpfonf/

• A[dkcsKyfudkifonfhpepfxuf tukeftusoufomonf/ a&&SnfpDrHcefYcGJa&;Oya'udk vdkufemapa&;udp ö

twGuf tukeftusoufomonf/

• a&vkyfom;rsm;ESifh t"duyg0ifywfoufolwdkYonf pDrHcefYcGJa&;udpöwGif wm0ef,l Muonf/

• a'ocHrsm;ESifh t&if;tjrpftoHk;jyKolrsm; ydkínifomaysmhajymif;aom ydkízefwD;EkdifpGrf;&Sdaom

pDrHcefYcGJrI enf;pepfudk&&Sdonf/ þenf;jzifh oD;oefYvdktyfcsufESihf tajctaeudk jznfhqnf;ay;

Ekdifonf/ (w&m;0ifjzpfaponf)

• a'ojyóemudk a'owGif;ajz&Sif;onf/

• a'ocHOD;aqmifrIudkay;apNyD; a&ESihf urf;ajca'oo,HZmw t&if;tjrpfwdkYtay: pDrHcefYcGJrI

A[kokwudk a'ocHwdkYtm; ay;onf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmif&ef BudK;yrf;rIrSwpfqifh tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;pGm &&SdEkdifonf/ tb,faMumifh

qdkaomf tvm;tvmaumif;rsm;pGm &SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;jzifh yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh

tpdk;&Mum; tjiif;yGm;rI? yg0ifywfolrsm;tcsif;wGif tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Ekdifonf/

atmufygenf; (3) rsdK;jzifh ajz&Sif;ay;Ekdifonf/

(1) &ydkifcGifhESihfwm0efudk&Sif;vif;pGm owfrSwfay;onf/

(2) qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwf&rnfholrsm;tcsif;csif; aqG;aEG;Ekdif&ef pepfwpfck xm;&Sdonf/

(3) pDrHcefYcGJrIjzpfpOfudk taxmuftuljyKonf/ xdkYjyif tpOfvmESihf obm00ef;usifudk xdef;odrf;

vdkaom vlYusifh0wfwpfckudk jzpfaponf/ a&vkyfom;rsm;ESihf tjcm;tzGJU om;rsm;udk qHk;jzwfcsuf

csrSwfEdkif&ef ulnDay;í ig;vkyfief;a&&SnfwnfwHha&;twGuf wm0ef,laponf/

yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJrI\ pdefac:rIrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/

• yg0ifywfoufoltm;vHk;twGuf oifhavsmfcsifrSoifhavsmfrnf/ vltawmfrsm;rsm;rSm yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrI

tay: wm0ef,l&ef pdwfryg odkYr[kwf rwwfEdkifMuyg/

• ordkif;tpOftquft& tpdk;&ay:rSDcdkae&aom pdwf"gwfudkjyif&ef ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm vdkvdrfhrnf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrItpjyK&efESihf qufvuftm;xkwf&efudpörsdK;wGif a'ocHtzGJYrsm;jzpfaom a'ocH

ig;vkyfief;tzGJUtwGif; OD;aqmifrIay;Ekdifjcif;r&Sd jzpfwwfonf/

• a&wdktm;jzifh tcsdefrSD BuD;rm;aom&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI? aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpf? vlt&if;tjrpfwdkdYrSm

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJa&;wdkY vkdtyfonf/

• vlwpfOD;csif;wGifjzpfap? a'ocHtzGJUwGifjzpfap? yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrI taumiftxnfazmf&ef

qkay;pepfrsdK; (Oyrm - pD;yGm;a&;t&? vlrIa&;t&? EdkifiHa&;t&qkaMu;) r&SdwwfMuyg/

• tcsdKUaoma'ocHrsm;? a&vkyfom;rsm;twGuf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIAsL[mudk ajymif;vJygu

qHk;½I H;xdcdkufEkdifrnfhtajcae &Sdwwfonf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIodkY csOf;uyf&mwGif rnfonfhtwdkif;twmESifhrqdk aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ ig;vkyfief; wpfck\

tpdwftydkif;wpfck (Oyrm - ig;zrf;avS? ig;zrf;ud&d,m? yx0D taetxm;) rSjzpfap? yg0ifywfoufol

trsm;tMum;? t&if;tjrpfrsm;tMum;? toHk;jyKolrsm;tMum; tajctaewGifjzpfap aqmif&GufEkdifonf/

bufaygif;pHk pDrHcefYcGJa&; abmiftwGif; aqmif&Guf Ekdifonf/

tBuD;pm; pD;yGm;jzpfig;vkyfief;BuD;rsm;ESihf ti,fpm; wpfEkdifwpfydkif ig;vkyfief;i,frsm;wGif usifhoHk;&rnf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIpepfrSm twlwlyifjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif rl0g'ESihf vkyfief;yHkpHrSm uGJjym;vdrfhrnf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJaom t,lqonf a'ocH qif;&Jaom olrsm;ESihf tpdk;&wdkYESifhom oufqdkifonfr[kwfyg/

ig;vkyfief;trsdK;tpm; aygif;pHkESihf ig;t&if;tjrpftay: oufa&mufrI aygif;pHkwdkY yg0ifonf/

Oyrm - a'owpfckwGif a'ocHwdkYu urf;&dk;wef; ig;t&if;tjrpfwkdYtay: aumif;pGmxdef;odrf; Ekdifaomfvnf;

tjcm;a'orS ig;zrf;oabmFrsm;u vma&mufzrf;,lrnfqdkygu tusdK;rJh &vm'fom&&Sdrnf/ aemufqHk;wGif

pepfwpfckvHk; ysufpD;NydKus oGm;vdrfhrnf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ edK;Mum;wufMuGpGm em;axmifjcif;udkavYusifYyg/

yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJrIudkavhvm&ef vdktyfaomenf;pepfrsm; wefqmyvmrsm; tao;pdwfudk od&Sd&ef People

Toolkit ESifY tcef; 16? tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; 2 udkMunfhyg/

udk;um;rSDjirf;&ef � http://www.fao.org/fishery/eaf-net/topic/166247/en MunfYyg

6 / todÓPfA[kokwjr§ifhwifjcif;

yg0ifywfoufolrsm; yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif wuf<upGmyg0ifolrsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJa&; udpöwGif todÓPf

A[kokw jr§ifhwifay;jcif;onf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaomt&mwpfckjzpfonf/ todÓPfA[kokw jr§ifhwifay;jcif;jzifh

vlwdkYpGrf;tm;wdk;apNyD; todÓPfrSwqifh ywf0ef;usifESihf ywfoufaom A[kokwudk wdk;yGm;aponf/ EAFM ESihf yg0ifywfoufolwdkY twlvkyfaqmifonfh vkyfief;wpfpdwfwpfydkif;taejzifh yg0ifywfoufolwdkY

aqmif&GufvIyf&Sm;rIwGif ywf0ef;usif a&&SnfwnfwHhonfh OD;wnfcsufwdkY yg&Sd&rnf/ txl;ojzifh a'ocHwdkY\

t&if;tjrpfrsm;oHk;pJGrIESihf ywf0ef;usift&nftaoG; xdef;odrf;rI qufpyfyHkudk OD;pm;ay;í today;&rnf/

rsm;aomtm;jzifh t&if;tjrpfoHk;pGJjcif;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJa&;udp öwdkYwGif a'ocHwdkYtm; todÓPf A[kokw

wdk;jr§ifhjcif;udk ta&;BuD;qHk;aom vkyfief;pOfwpfcktjzpf oabmxm;avhr&SdMuyg/ todÓPf A[kokw

wdk;jr§ifha&; ynmay;tpDpOfaqmif&ef Tool n.9 udk Munfhyg/

People Toolkit and EAF net wdkYudk todÓPfA[kokw wdk;yGm;a&;ynmay;tpDpOf twGuf rSDjirf;yg/

oif\ tusdK;aqmift&nftaoG;wdk;wuf&ef vdktyfaom owday;csuf? tMuHjyKcsuf rsm;udk xkwf,lyg/

7 / a'ocHrsm; toifhyg0ifvIyf&Sm;Ekdif&ef pnf;vHk;zGJYpnf;jcif;/

þtcef;wGif ydkaumif;rGefaom EAFM twGuf a'ocHrsm;udk toifhvIyf&Sm;Ekdif&ef pnf;½ kH; wGef;tm;ay;

zGJUpnf;jcif;udk OD;wnfazmfjyygonf/ tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif a'ocHwdkY\ yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf rIonf

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrI\ toJESvHk;yrmta&;BuD;onf/ yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJrIatmifjrifa&;rSm pepfwus zGJYpnf; xm;aom

a'ocHwdkY\aqmif&Gufcsufay: wdkuf½dkufoufqdkifonf/ xdka'ocHwdkYudk ig;t&if;tjrpfESihf ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;udk

xdef;odrf;pDrHcefYcGJa&;twGuf tmPmay;tyfxm;onf/ EAFM twGuf a'ocHrsm;udk pnf;½kH;wGef;tm;ay;

zGJUpnf;jcif;onf omrmeftzGJUtpnf;wpfck wnfaxmifjcif;xufydkonf/ pnf;½kH; wGef;tm;ay; zGJYpnf;jcif;wGif

http://www.fao.org/fishery/eaf-net/topic/166247/en

atmufygwdkYvnf;yg0ifonf/ vkyfydkifcGihftmPmay;jcif;? A[kokw wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;? vlYwefbdk;ESihf tjyKtrlukd

jr§ifhwifay;jcif;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh OD;aqmifrIrsm;wdk;jr§ifhapjcif;? ta&;,l aqmif&GufEkdif&ef tm;ay;jcif;

wdkYjzpfonf/ þenf;jzifh a'ocHwdkYonf EAFM vkyfief;pOfwGif yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJ&efESihf vkyfaqmif&ef tqifhoifh

jzpfaeMuonf/

owdjyKoifhonfh tcsufwpfckrSm a'ocHrsm; [lonfhpum;&yfwGif t"dyÜg,ftrsdK;rsdK; &SdEdkifonf/ EdkifiHa&;

e,fy,fodkYr[kwf ig;o,HZmwe,fy,fESihf yx0D0iftaexm;t& a'ocHrsm;udk t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf Edkifonf/

odkYr[kwf vlrIa&;½Iaxmifht& wlnDaompdwf0ifpm;rI odkYr[kwf tusdK;pD;yGm;&Sdol wpfOD;csif; pkxm;aomtzJGYukd

a'ocH[k ac:Edkifonf/ Oyrm - yx0D0if a'ocH (community) onf &Gmwpf&GmESihf ,if;\EdkifiHa&;tajcae

(tpdk;& tkyfcsKyfrIpepft& tedrfhqHk;,lepf) jzpfonf/ vlrIa&;a'ocH community wGif Oyrmtm;jzifh

ig;zrf;ud&d,m wpfrsdK;wnf;udk toHk;jyKMuaom a&vkyfom;rsm;odkYr[kwf a&vkyfom;rsm;tzGJYudk qdkEdkifonf/

þwGif owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrSm community (a'ocH) onf worwfwnf; wlnDaom ,lepfwpfck

r[kwfyg/ community (a'ocH) wpfckwGif rwlnDuGJjym;aom usm;? r? tqifhtwef;? vlrsdK;pk?

pD;yGm;a&;tajcae &SdMuonf/ rMumrDumvu a&vkyfom; community (a'ocH)wdkYudk yx0Dtaexm;ay:

tajcrcHyJ "virtual community" (yuwdeD;yg; community) ESifh "community of interests" (tusdK;pD;yGm;wl

community ) [laom toHk;tEIef;udk oHk;Muonf/ az:jyygtoHk;EIef; (2) ckonf "Social community" (vlrIa&; community) ESihf wlnDonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm þa&vkyfom;rsm;onf yx0Dtaexm; wpfckwnf;wGif

raexdkif Muaomfvnf; wlnDaomig;zrf;ud&d,mESihf wlnDaom ig;rsdK;pdufudk OD;wnfzrf;qD;aom

ig;vkyfief;wGif vkyfudkifMuolrsm;jzpfonf/

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfaqmif&ef ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folwdkYonf rdrdwdkYa&SYwef;wifvdkaom pdwf0ifpm;rI?

tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifh ylyefrIwdkYudk trsm;oabmwlnDrIjzifh vkyfEdkif&ef rdrdwdkY tm;vkH;udk pepfwuszGUJpnf;&ef

vdktyfonf/ (tcef; 10? ESifY 11? tqifY 1.2) ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;tcsif;csif; qHkpnf;ay;jcif;?

aqG;aEG;jcif;udkaqmif&GufMuí rdrdwdkYpdwf0ifpm;rI? tusdK;pD;yGm;ESihf ylyefrIwdkYudk &Sif;vif;pGmaz:jyí pdwfwl

udk,fwltzGJYrsm; zGJYpnf;Mu&onf/ tcef; 8? tpjyKvkyfief; - u? Tast vii t& zGJYpnf;aom t"duyg0if

ywfoufoltkyfpkonf EAFM tzGJUESihf ydkus,fjyefYaom yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tMum; yl;aygif; qufoG,f

ay;onf/ yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJrIxda&mufap&ef tiftm;aumif;aom community tzGJYu ,if;wdkY\ tzGJU0ifrsm;

udk,fpm;jyKEkdif&ef vkdtyfonf/ tcsdKUudpörsm;wGif yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJEdkif&ef udk,fpm;jyKEdkifaom community tzGJUrsm;

&SdaeNyD;jzpfonf/ tcsdKUudpörsm;wGif community tzGJUpnf;topf zGJUpnf;&efESihf tiftm;aumif;vmatmif

vkyfaqmif&ef vdkaeao;onf/ community t&G,fpm;? rwlnDuGJjym;rIESihf vdktyfcsufrsm;tay:rlwnfí

community tzGJYpnf; (1) ck odkYr[kwf trsm;udkzGJYpnf;&ef vdktyfonf/ tzGJYpnf;wGif;rS oifhavsmfol

yk*¾dKvfwpfOD; (odkYr[kwftrsm;) udk ydkrdkBuD;rm;aom yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJrItzGJYwGif udk,fpm;jyKEdkif&ef a&G;cs,f&rnf/

community rsm;pGmwGif a&vkyfief;tzGJYESihf a&vkyfom;tzGJYrsm; yg0ifMuonf/ odkY&mwGif yl;aygif;

pDrHcefYcGJrIudpöwGif þtzGJYrsm;onf tvdktavQmuf oifhavsmfvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ jzpfEdkifonfh tajcae wpfckrSm

þtzGJU (a&vkyfom;tzGJY? a&vkyfief;tzGJY) wdkYudk zGJYpnf;onfhOD;wnfcsufrSm ig;aps;uGuf wdk;yGm;vma&;odkYr[kwf

tpdk;&xHrSyHhydk;rI ydk&&Sda&;ESihf wpfOD;csif;0ifaiG wdk;wufa&; yifjzpfvdrfhrnf/ t&if;tjrpf (o,HZmw)

pDrHcefYcGJa&;udpöwGif ta&;ygaomae&mwGifyg0if&ef az:jyygtzGJUwdkY\ tjriftawG;udk ajymif;vJ&ef vdktyf

vdrfhrnf/ þajymif;vJrIonf cufcJí tcsdefMumjrihfvdrfhrnf/ txl;ojzifh azmfjyyg tzGJYjyóemonf rdrd\

rlv&nfrSef;csuftwdkif; qufíaqmif&Gufaeygu ajymif;vJ&efcufcJMumjrifhrnf/ pDrHcefYcGJrIodkY ydkítm½kHpdkuf

vmygu xdktzGJUrsm;twGif; vGefuJaom awmif;qdkrIaMumihf xdcdkufEdkifonf/ EAFM tzGJUESihf tusdK;aqmif

rsm;onf þudpöudk od&Sdem;vnfxm;&ef vdktyfonf/

txufaz:jyygtzGJU (a&vkyfom;tzGJU? ig;vkyfief;tzGJY) rsm;udk atmufygenf;vrf;rsm; toHk;jyKí

tiftm;ESifht&nftaoG; wdk;jr§ifhay;Edkifonf/

• ywf0ef;usifudpöynmay;jcif;

• vlrIa&;qufoG,frIaqmif&Gufjcif;

• r[mrdwfrsm;? uGef,ufrsm;wnfaxmifay;jcif;

• tzGJU0ifrsm;?aiGaMu;rsm;ESihf tzGJUa&&SnfwnfwefY&efaqmif&Gufjcif;

• vlwdkY\t&nftaoG;jrifhrm;vm&ef oifwef;ay;jcif;? txufygtcsuf (5) csuf teuf yxr

(4) csufudk Toll n.10 community mobilization wGif tao;pdwf az:jyxm;ygonf/

tqifY 1.1? 1.2 ESifY 1.3

FMU t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfjcif;ESihf e,fy,ftwdkif;wmpl;prf;jcif;

Module 10


• FMU t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfjcif;ESihf e,fy,fwdkif;wm owfrSwfjcif;udk od&Sd

em;vnf&ef

• BudKwifpdwful;tjrifudk od&Sdem;vnf&efESihf ,if;tay: oabmwlnDEdkif&ef


þavhusifhfcef;wGif ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI,lepf FMU t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf&efESihf ,if;twGuf BudKwif

pdwful;tjrifwpfckay: oabmwlnDrI &&Sd&efjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif FMU e,fy,ftwdkif;twm pOf;pm;&ef

vdktyfaom tcsufrsm;udk az:jyxm;ygonf/

ed'gef;

atmifjrifaom EAFM pDrHcsufwpfckjzpf&ef pDrHcefYcGJ&rnfh{&d,m (wpfenf;tm;jzifh FMU) udk

&Sif;vif;pGm az:jy&efvdkonf/ tcef;8? tpjyKvkyfief; - u ? Tast ii wGif us,fjyefYaom{&d,mudk az:jy

owfrSwfonf/ oifonf ,cktcgtzGJY0ifzGJUpnf;&ef yg0ifywfoufolwdkYyg0if&efESihf taxGaxG owif;

tcsuftvufpk&ef FMU t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfcsufudk ydkíwduspGm az:jy&ef vdkonf/

1.1 / FMU t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfyg/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIudk obm0ajrrsufeSmjyifrsm;eSifh oufqdkifaom pau;trsdK;rsdK;jzihf

aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ tvGefBuD;rm;aom yifv,f a*[aA'pepf (Large Marine Ecosystem, LME) rS

ao;i,faom a'ocH ig;vkyfief; (&GmtcsdKYpkaygif;xm;) txd uGm;jcm;Edkifonf/ odkY&mwGif EAFM onf

ig;vkyfief; (fishing) tqifhwGifvkyfudkif&ef txda&mufqHk; jzpfojzifh pDrHcefYcGJ&rnfh{&d,m (wpfenf;tm;jzifY FMU ) udk &Sif;vif;pGmt"dyÜg,fowfrSwf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/

FMU wpfckwGif atmufygwdkYyg0ifEdkifonf/

• ig;rsdK;pdwfwpfck (Oyrm - tuna ig;vkyfief;)

• ig;zrf;ud&d,mtrsdK;tpm;wpfck (Oyrm - '&GufqGJydkufig;vkyfief;)

• {&d,mwpfck (Oyrm -od&Sdxm;Muaom {&d,mwpfck? Oyrm -___ \ awmifzufurf;ajc? trnfrod

&Gmwpf&Gm odkYr[kwf a'ocHteD;ig;vkyfief;

• txufygoHk;ckpvHk; (rsdK;pdwf? ig;zrf;ud&d,m? {&d,m)

taumif;qHk;jzpf&eftwGuf a&G;cs,fxm;aom FMU wGif atmufygwdkYygoifhonf/

• FMU onf od&Sdxm;NyD;aom a*[pepfeSifh qdkifaom e,fedrdwfESihf ywfoufoifhonf/ odkY&mwGif

þudp örSm vufawGUatmifjrifpGm aqmif&GufEdkif&ef cufcJonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf a*[pepf

eSifhqdkifaom e,fedrdwfonf EdkifiHa&;eSifhqdkifaom e,fedrdwfESihf jzpfawmifhjzpfcJ xyfwlusa&mufcJhí

rjumcP a&m,Suf tcdkuftjrKJHwpfckuJhodkUaeonf/ (tcef; 4? EAFM \ Oya'orsm;)/

• FMU onf t"duig;tkyfpkrsm;wnf&Sd&m obm0ajrrsufeSmjyifrsm;eSifh oufqdkifaom taetxm;

wpfckvHk;udk vTrf;jcHK oihfonf/

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

• FMU onf ti,fpm;a&vkyfom;rsm;? tBuD;pm;pD;yGm;jzpfa&vkyfom;rsm;? toHk;jyK Muaom

ig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm;tm;vHk;udk vTrf;jcHKoifhonf/

rwlnDaomobm0ajrrsufeSmjyifrsm;eSifh oufqdkifaom (twdkif;twm) rsm;wGif a*[aA'pepfonf

a&m,Suf yg0ifavh&Sdonf/ NyD;cJhonfh Oyrmwpfckudk jyefajym&vQif a'ocHESihfig;vkyfief;q ufpyfrIudk

pOf;pm;&mwGif a'ocHtm;vHk;u zrf;qD;Muaom a&atmufMurf;jyifae c½ktwGuf txl;oD;oefh pOf;pm;í

jynfhpkHvHkavmufaomtajz &&SdEdkifrnfjzpfaomfvnf; vGwfvyfpGm ul;cwfoGm;vmaom tuna twGuf

pOf;pm;ygu jynfhpkHvHkavmufaomtajz &Edkifrnfr[kwfay/ xdk Tuna udk a'ocHtyg0if urf;ajc wavQmuf&Sd

ig;vkyfief;wGif yg0ifywfowfol trsdK;rsdK;u ig;zrf;ud&d,m trsdK;rsdK;jzifh zrf;Mu aomaMumifh jzpfonf/

NyD;jynfhpHkaom pHjytajcaersdK; (Oyrm FMU ESihf a*[pepfe,fedrdwf twdus od&Sdjcif; (3) rsdK;

r&Edkifygu xdktm;enf;csuf (tm;vHk;udkrvTrf;jcHKEdkifaom tm;enf;csuf) udk pDrHcsufa&;qGJpOfuyif todrSwfjyK

az:jy&rnf/ rsdK;pdwfrsm;\ jyefYESHyHktpGef; (2) ckMum;e,fy,fonf FMU jyify us,fjyefYvGef;ygu (Oyrm EdkifiH

(2) cku wlnDig;vkyfief;udkvkyfjcif;? Oyrm Tuna ig;zrf; vkyfief;) pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif tjcm;tzGJU

(tjcm;EdkifiH) vnf; yg0if&eftm;xkwfoifhonf/

yHk/ 10.1? pdwful;,Of FMU ESihf qefYusifzufvufawGU FMU

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ FMU ajryHkqGJyg

1.2 / FMU BudKwifpdwful;tjrifay: oabmwlnDrI&,lyg/

,cktcg FMU BudKwifpdwful;tjrifay: oabmwlnDrI&&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ pdwful; tjrifqdkonfrSm

pDrHcefYcGJrIatmifjrifygu tem*wfwGif&&Sdrnfh tjrifhqHk;qE´jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmftqifh odkYr[kwf a'oBuD;

tqifh rl0g'trSefrsm;ESihf aumif;aomw&m;pD&ifa&;wdkUrS a&mifjyef [wfonfhoabm jzpfonf/ pdwful;tjrif

(vision) yef;wdkif? &nf&G,fcsuf? vkyfaqmifcsuf[lí txufatmuftqifhqifh&Sdonf/ (ykH 10.2 Munfh)

yHk 10.2 / EAFM pDrHcsuf xufatmuftqifhqifh

pdwful;tjrifwpfck\Oyrm/...

ig;vkyfief;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESihf ,if;t&if;tjrpf\ us,fjyefUaom a*[aA'pepfwdkYudk xdef;xdef;

odrf;odrf;ESihf wm0efodod zrf;,loHk;pGJjcif;jzifh FMU \ vlrIpD;yGm;a&; tusdK;aus;Zl; rsm;udk wkd;jr§ifhay;onf/

yef;wdkifrsm;? &nfrSef;csuftnTef;udef;rsm;? pHcsdefpHnGef;rsm;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfief;rsm;wdkYudk aemufwGif

tao;pdwfaz:jyxm;onf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf / FMU twGuf BudKwifpdwful;tay: oabmwlMu&ef

1.3 / FMU e,fy,fowfrSwfyg/

FMU \ wnfae&mESihfe,fedrdwfudk owfrSwfNyD; pdwful;tjrif (vision) tay: oabmwlMuNyD;

wpfNydKifeuf FMU e,fy,tf wdkif;twmowfrSwjfcif;? o½kyfykHMurf;udkaz:jcif; jyKvkyfí oufqdkifaom

aemufcHowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkpnf;&rnf/ Profile (o½kyfaz:yHkMurf;) onf atmufygwdkYtwGuf toHk;

jyKEdkifonf/

• EAFM pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJa&;vkyfief;pOftwGuf tajccHtjrif toHk;jyK Edkifonf/

• tem*wf yHkrSefapmihfjunfhppfaq;&eftwGufESihf vkyfaqmifcsufudk tuJjzwf&ef twGuf tajccHrsOf;udk

toHk;jyKEdkifonf/

FMU e,fy,fowfrSwfjcif;ESihf yHkMurf;az:a&;jzpfpOfwdkYudk atmufwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif

tcsdKUaomtajcaewGif xJxJ0if0iftqifhtm;vHk;udk aqmif&Guf&ef vdkvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg/ FMU e,fy,f

owfrSwfonfh rSwfwrf;onf wdkonf/ tb,f aMumihfqdkaomf aemufcHowif;tcsuftvufom jzpfonf/

aemufodoifhonfhtcsufrSm xdkowif; tcsuftvufrsm;udk tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD; yg0ifywfoufol toD;oD;

xHwGif pkaqmif;xm;NyD;om; jzpfvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumih f scoping (e,fy,fowfrSwf) onfh tvkyftcsuf tvuf

pepfwus pkaqmif;jcif;omjzpfrnf/

FMU profile (yHkMurf;tusOf;) wGif bmom&yftoD;oD; enf;ynmtoD;oD;rS us,fjyefYaom owif;tcsuf

yg0ifonf/ OyrmvlrIa&;odyÜ H? obm0odyÜ H (½ku©? owå) ESihf EdkifiHa&;odyÜ H bmom&yfrsm; EAFM tzGJUonf

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;? t"duyg0if ywfoufol tkyfpkESihf twlwuG ig;vkyfief;\ FMU profile (yHkMurf;tusOf;)

udk aygif;pnf;jcif;eSifh pkpnf;jcif; pepfwuspkaqmif;jcif;omjzpfrnf/ xdk FMU xJwGif o&kyfazmf ykHjurf;xJwGif

ig;vkyfief;ESihfywfoufaom us,fjyefYaom tusdK;pD;yGm;ESihf &Slaxmifhtjrifrsm; yg0ifoifhonf/ odkY&mwGif xd k

EAFM tzGJUtwGuf ta&;BuD;qHk; pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrSm uRrf;usifolrsm; rQwpGm&&Sda&;jzpfonf/ odkYrSom

toHk;0ifaom wkduf½dkuf oufqdkifaom tcsuftvuf rsm;udk &&Sdrnf/ tcsdefESifhtrQ ajymif;vJvmaom

tajcaeudk tuJjzwf&ef? qef;ppf&ef xdktcsuftvufrsm;udk tajccH&rnf/ xdkYtwl apmifhMuyfppfaq;aom

vkyfaqmifcsuf pwif&ef xdktcsuftvufrsm;udk toHk;jyK&rnf/

FMU profile onf atmufygt"duar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;Edkif&ef aqmif&Gufay; oifhonf/

- vuf&Sdt&if;tjrpf (o,HZmw) tajcaeyHkpHESihf t&if;tjrpftoHk;jyKonfh jyóemrsm;rSm bmvJ

- t&if;tjrpfqef;ppfjcif;ESihf toHk;jyKjcif;wGif armif;ESiftm;yHkpHonf b,fvdkvJ? Oyrm - usm; -

rtwGif;? vlrsdK;pHkrsm;twGif;? vlrIa&;tqifhrsm (qif;&J csrf;om tmPm&Sd? tmPmrJh) twGif;

owif;tcsuftvuf vkdtyfcsufrsm;

w&m;0if odyÜ Henf;ynm&yfrSjzpfap? ½dk;&m"avhA[kokwrSjzpfap &&Sdaom owif;tcsuftvuf?

todOmPfrsm;onf FMU scoping (e,fy,ftwdkif;wm owfrSwfjcif;) twGuf t"dutaxmuftuljyKonf/

owdjyK&rnfrSm EAFM \ vkyfief;rlabmifrSm tcsuftvuf r&Sdjcif;onf vkyfief;pwif&ef taESmuft,Suf

rjzpfap&yg/

aemufvmrnfhtcef;wGif Research (okawoe) pum;vHk;udk us,fjyefYpGm toHk;jyKxm;onf/

okawoeqdk&mwGif vuf&Sdt&if;tjrpfrS odkYr[kwf vkyfaqmifcsuftopf (awGU&Sdcsuftopf) rsm;rS

tcsuftvufESifh owif;rsm;pkaqmif;jcif;ESihf twnfjyKjcif; jzpfonf/ FMU vision tay:rlwnfí

okawoeonf oD;oefYvkyfief;wpfckESihf oufqdkifyg0ifywfoufolESihfom tusKH;0ifonfhokawoe

jzpfEkdifonf/ yg0ifywfoufol tm;vHk;ay: okawoejyKvkyf&ef rjzpfEdkifygu rnfonfh yg0ifywfoufol

ay:wGifom OD;pm;ay;tm½kHpdkufí okawoe jyKoifhonfudkod&rnf/ xdkYodkYOD;pm;ay; okawoejyKEdkif&ef

atmufygtcsuf (3) ckudk tod trSwfjyK&rnf/

• ig;t&if;tjrpf (o,HZmw) ae&mESihfeD;uyfvQuf&Sdjcif;?

• yg0ifywfoufolwdkY\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;u ig;t&if;tjrpfay: oufa&mufrI?

• a&o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfESihfESD;EG,faom ig;ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,f yg0ifywfoufolwdkY rSDcdktm;xm;

&aom tqifh/

FMU ESihfywfoufaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;&mwGif odyÜ Howif; tcsuftvufESihf

a'ocHjynfolwdkYxHrS&aom todOmPfwdkYonf rQw&ef vdktyfonf/ ig;t&if;tjrpfudk toHk;jyKaom

]]a'ocHwdkY\todOmPf}} (rwlnDaomusm;^ r? vlrsdK;pk? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;tkyfpk) onf pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&efESihf

pDrHcefYcGJ&eftwGuf ta&;BuD;onfh owif;tcsuf tvufrsm;jzpfonf/ owif; tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;&mwGif

okawoeenf;pepftay:rlwnfí vnf;aumif;? pkaqmif;olwkdY\ yHk&dyf (t&nftcsif;) ay:wGifvnf;aumif;?

uGmjcm;vdrfhfrnf/ qHk;jzwfcsufcsEdkifaom owif; tcsuftvuf vdktyfcsufeSifh &&SdEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfESihf

tcsdefwdkYay:rlwnfí t"du yg0ifywfouf olwdkYu FMU \ profile udk owfrSwf&onf/ vdktyfaom

owif;tcsuftvuf tenf;? trsm;? tusOf;? tus,fay:rlwnfí owif;tcsufvuf pkaqmif;jcif;onf

&ufowåywf tenf;i,frS vtenf;i,ftxd MumEdkifonf/

FMU scoping (e,fy,ftwdkif;wmowfrSwfjcif;) ESifh prodiling (yHkMurf;az:jcif;) vkyf&ef vdktyfaom

qef;ppfrI (3) ckrSm EAFM tpdwfydkif; (3) cktay: a&mifjyef[yf ygonf/

(1) t&if;tjrpfESihfa*[aA'ay:qef;ppfcsuf

(2) vlrIpD;yGm;a&;qef;ppfcsuf

(3) Oya'ESihftajccHzGJUpnf; yHkaz:qef;ppfcsuf?

þudp öESihfywfoufí ydkrdktao;pdwfudk Tools n. 20, 21 and 22 wGif awGYEdkifonf/

rl0g'a&G;cs,frIESihfywfoufaom ar;cGef;tm;vHk;udk ajzMum;Edkif&ef vHkavmufaom owif;tcsuftvuf

&&SdEdkifajcr&Sdyg/ odkY&mwGif rsdK;pdwfrsm;ESihf u@rsm; (ig;vkyfief;) tMum; tjyeftvSefywfoufrIrsm;?

vlwdkY\vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh biota (tyif + taumif) tay: oufa&mufrIrsm;udkod&Sd&ef owif;tcsuf

tvufrsm;vHkavmufpGm &Sdaernfjzpfonf/ tcsuf tvufrsm;rSm ]]t&nftwGuf}} odkYr[kwf ]]t&nftaoG;}}

[lí&Sdonf/ t&nftwGuf (quantitative) wGif udef;*Pef;yg0ifavh&Sdonf/ Oyrm - rnfol? bmvJ?

b,fawmhvJ? b,frSmvJ? b,favmufrsm;vJ? b,fESpfBudrfvJ? ponfwdkYjzpfí ,if;wdkYudkowfrSwfyHkpH

ar;cGef;rsm;? ZD0½lyqdkif&m avhvma&;rsm;ESihf twdusydwf ar;cGef;rsm;rS &,lEdkifonf/ t&nftaoG;

(qualitative) tcsuftvufwdkYwGif ]]b,fvkd}}? ]]bmaMumihf}} ponfyg0ifonf/ ,if;tcsuf tvufwdkYudk

pepfwusjyKvkyfxm;aom tifwmAsL;rsm; (txl;tm½kHpdkufaomtkyfpkESihf aqG;aEG;jcif;tyg0if) zGifhxm;aom

ar;cGef;rsm;rSwqifh avhvmjcif;? udk,fwdkifyg0if ywfoufvkyfudkifjcif;? rsufjrifavhvmjcif;? rSwfwrf;rsm;udk

zwf½It"dyÜg,faz:jcif;enf;wdkYjzifh pkaqmif;Edkifonf/

tcsuftvufrsm; rjynfhpHkygu yg0ifywfoufolwdkYrSwqifh t&nftaoG; &Sdonf[k ,lq&aom

rdk',fyHkpHjzihf? tcsuftvufudk pkaqmif;&ygrnf/ þudpöwGif w&m;r0if? jcm;em;aomyif;&if;rSvmaom

owif;tcsuftvufudk&,ljcif;? a'ocHwdkY\a*[pepfay: tajccH em;vnfrIrS tcsuftvuf&,ljcif;wdkY

yg0ifonf/

tcsuftvufjynfhpHkaomtajcae? wpfenf;tm;jzifh rnfonfhae&mwGif a*[aA'pepf tay:

Ncdrf;ajcmufrI&Sdonfudk trsm;qkHl;oufa&mufaponfh tajctaersm;udk ydkrdk&SkyfaxG;onfh a*[aA'

pepfudkokawoejyKvkyf&ef vdktyfykHpHeSifh tao;pdwfydkif;jcm;pdppfjzm rdk',fyHkpHjzifh &Sif;vif; az:jy Edkifonf/

pDrHcefYcGJrIESihf trsm;qHk;qufpyfrI&Sdaom ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm;? vkyfief;pOfrsm;udkOD;wnfí yef;wdkif &nfrSef;csufxm;

aqmif&Guf&rnf/

tcsuftvufjynfhpHkaom tajcaersdK;wGif ocsmFenf;jzifh pm&if;Z,m;cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm aqmif&GufEdkifNyD;

ta&;BuD;qHk;tajz od&SdEkdifonf/ odkY&mwGif pm&if;Z,m;jzihfcGJjcrf;jcif;rSm tcsdefukefNyD; xdkodkYaqmif&GufEdkif&ef

wwfuRrf;rI&Sd&ef vdktyfonf/ xdkYaMumifh qifjcifawG;awmjcif; rdk',fyHkpHjzifhvnf; tajz&&SdEdkifonf/

rnfonfhenf;udk oHk;onfjzpfap vlrIpD;yGm;a&;ESihf tkyfcsKyfa&;udpöESihfywfoufvQif t&nftaoG;&Sd

tcsuftvuf (quantitative data) rSm ta&;BuD;onf/ odkY&mwGif ta&twGuftcsuftvuf (quantitative

data) ESihf EdIif;,SOfaz:jyjyóemifhonf/ pm&if;Z,m;cGJjcrf;onfhenf;jzifh a*[pepfwpfck\taMumif;udk

az:jyEdkifaomfvnf; ig;vkyfief;\ ½IyfaxG;aom vlrIa&;? a*[aA'ESihf tkyfcsKyfa&;udpöwdkYudk az:jyEdkif&ef

tao;pdwf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESihf t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm; vdktyfygonf/

EAFM rSm owif;tcsuftvufay:rlwnfí wGef;tm;ay;aqmif&Gufaom jzpfpOfwpfck jzpfonf/

xdkYaMumifh owif;tcsuftvufwdkYudk abmife,fedrdwf owfrSwfa&;udpöwGifomru xJxJ0if0if od&Sdem;vnf

pOf;pm;aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ EAFM \ pDrHcsufwpfckwGif apmifhMunfYppfaq;aom pepfwpfck

jzpfonf/ (tcef; 12? tqifY 3.1 ESifY 3.2 ? tcef; 17? tqifY- 5)/ þapmifhMunfYppfaq;aom pepfonf

ig;vkyfief;pDrHceYfcGJa&;ESihf oufqdkifaom aemufxyf&&Sdonfh owif;tcsuftvufwdkYudkvnf; pkaqmif;onf/

þenf;jzifh tcsdefMumvmonf ESihftrQ ra&&mraocsmrIrsm;udk avsmhcsEdkifí vlrIa&;ESihf a*[aA'pepfay:

oabmaygufem;vnfrI wdk;yGm;vmygrnf/ EAFM onf vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm pDrHcefYcGJaom jzpfpOf wpfckvnf;

jzpfojzifh owif;tcsufvufr&Sdojzihf vkyfief;raqmif&GufEdkifaom jzpfpOfrsdK;r[kwfyg/ wenf;tm;jzifh

owdxm;csOf;uyfjcif;rsdK; (owif;tcsuftvufrjynhfpHk = ydkíowdxm;) jzihf vkyfief;udk aqmif&GufEdkifonf/

vuf&SdwnfqJ owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESihf ½dk;&mA[kokwrsm;udk twnfjyKjcif;? w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKjcif;

vkyfEdkiforQumvywfvHk; ,if;wdkYudk toHk;csEdkifonf/

t&if;tjrpf (vltm;? aiGtm;) &SdonfESihftrQ tcsdefumvwpfckwGif ydkítqifhjrifh ½IyfaxG;aom

owif;tcsufvufpkaqmif;jcif;udk aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ ig;vkyfief;pDrHceYfcGJrI twGufvdktyfaom owif;

tcsufvufESihf ig;okawoetzGJUtwGuf vdktyfaom owif;tcsufvufrSm uGm;jcm;wwfonf/ EAFM \

obm0wpfckjzpfaom yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufrI\ wdkuf½kduf tm;om;csufwpfckrSm ig;vkyfief;ESihf ESD;EG,faom

ig;okawoewGif pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;ESihf tjcm;u@rsm;rS okawoeynm&Sifrsm;ESihf pum;ajym aqG;aEG;apEdkifjcif;

jzpfonf/ þenf;jzifh EAFM twGufvdktyfaom owif;tcsufvufESihf okawoe tpDtpOf wdkYudk

tvdkufoifh nDnGwfapEdkifonf/

owif;tcsufvufrsm;? owfrSwfcsufrsm;eSifh o½kyfaz:yHkrsm;jynhfpHkpGm pkaqmif;NyD;aemuf þawGU&Sdcsuf

rsm;udk w&m;0iftodrSwfjyK&ef yg0ifywfoufolrsm;xHrS rSwfcsuf&&ef wifjy&rnf/ w&m;0iftodrSwfjyKa&;udk

atmufygtwdkif; aqmif&GufEdkifonf/

• t"duyg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESihf tzGJUi,frsm;aqG;aEG;jcif;

• yg0ifywfoufoltzGJUodkYr[kwf pdwf0ifpm;oltzGJUodkY &Sif;vif;wifjyjcif;

• rwlnDaom yg0ifywfoufoltkyfpkrsm;rS a&G;cs,fxm;Muaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xH &Sif;vif;

wifjyjcif;

• us,fjyefYaomyg0ifywfoufoltkyfpkrsm;twGif; tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf / Scoping (abmife,fedrdwfowfrSwf&ef) vkyf&ef rnfonfYowif;tcsuf

tvuf vdktyfaMumif;? ,if;tcsuftvufrsm;&&Sd&ef enf;vrf;rsm;ESifY rnfonfYt&if;tjrpfudk toHk;jyKrnf

jzpfaMumif; aqG;aEG;yg/

owif;tcsufvufrQa0jcif;/

trsm;ESifhqdkifaom bHkvdktyfcsuf? bHkudpöomr&Sdygu tcsuftvufowif;rsm; rQa0ay; vdkpdwf

r&SdMuonfomjzpfonf/ (cRif;csuf-w&m;0if odyÜ Hpmwrf;rsm; yHkESdyfxkwfa0jcif;)? ig;vkyfief;wGif yl;aygif;

pDrHcefYcGJ&ef pepfudpöwpfckay:vmygu ig;vkyfief; owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk e,fedrdwfausmfvGef rQa0

Muonf/ xdkYtwl zrf;&ef&nf&G,fonfhig;tkyfpk? r&nf&G,fyJzrf;rdaomig;udpöESihf ig;aeig;xdkifrsm; oufa&mufrI

wkdYtay: bHkoabmwlqHk;jzwf&ef? aqmif&Guf&ef? vdktyfvmonfhtcgrsdK;wGif a'oqdkif&m ig;vkyfief;

pDrHcefYcGJrItzGJYpnf;rsm;twGif; owif;tcsufvuf rQa0jcif;udk aqmif&GufMuonf/

ig;vkyfief;owif;tcsuftvuf (rsm;aomtm;jzifh pm&if;Z,m;yHkpH) wdkYudk a'oqdkif&m tzGJUpnf;BuD;

(Oyrm SEAFDEC, APFIC, FAO ) rsm;odkYvnf; tpD&ifcHMuonf/ a'oqdkif&m todOmPftwGuf taxmuftul

jyK&ef wm0efwpf&yftaejzifh tpD&ifcH wifjyMuonf/ odkY&mwGif wdkif;jynfrsm;? tzGJYpnf;rsm;onf

tcsuftvuftMurf; (rlv) rsm;udk xkwfjyefwifjy&ef 0efav;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh a'oBuD;rsm; qdkif&m

(EdkifiHtrsm;) tcsuftvufwdkUrSm aemufqHk;wGif tusOf;csKyfaz:jyjyóemnfh owif;rsdK;om jzpfawmhonf/

XmeBuD;wpfckESihfwpfckMum; owif;tcsufvufrsm; rQa0a&;rSmvnf; pdefac:rIwpf&yf jzpfonf/ yDjyifaom

OyrmwpfckrSm a&;aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&;|me ig;zrf;oabFmrsm;twGuf rSwfyHkwifvdkifpifESifh ig;vkyfief;|merS

xkwfaom rSwfyHkwifvdkifpifudpöjzpfonf/ þXmeBuD; (2) ckonf ,if;wdkY\ tcsufvuf rsm;udk aygif;pnf;avh

r&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh vdkifpif&Sd ig;zrf;oabmF tppfESifh vdkifpifrJhig;zrf;oabFmwdkYudk aemufaMumif;cHpHkprf;&ef

tcuftcJ twm;tqD; jzpfaponf/ xdkYtwl ig;zrf;oabFm wdk;yGm;vmrIudk xda&mufpGm xdef;csKyfEdkif&ef

twm;tqD; jzpfaponf/

ig;vkyfief;okawoe (yl;wGJokawoe? odkYr[kwf pkaygif;okawoe) aqmif&Guf&mwGif EdkifiHe,fedrdwf

ausmfvGefí tcsuftvuf (rl&if;) rsm; awGY&Sdcsufrsm;udk rQa0&onfh tajcaersdK; &SdEdkifonf/ a'oqdkif&m

odkUr[kwf ESpfEdkifiH yl;wGJokawoetpDtpOft& e,fedrdwfausmfvGef jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&onf/

tjcm;wpfenf;rSm wlnDokawoe acgif;pOfwpfckjzihf EdkifiHaygif;rsm;pGmwGif aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf/

þenf;jzihf okawoeynm&Sifrsm;twGuf awGU&Sdcsuf rsm;udkEIdif;,SOf&ef tcGif;ta&;&&SdNyD; ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom

ig;vkyfief;udpö&yfrsm; (Oyrm - ig;wdkY ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;twGuf 'Da&awmrsmu@tBuD;yHk? ig;zrf;ud&d,m

a&G;cs,fa&;? ig;wdkY a&TU ajymif;rI)udk pOf;pm;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ þenf;jzifh a'otvdkuf(EdkifiHpHk) aumif;aom

pHnTef;aumif;aom tavhtusifhaumif;aom pDrHceYfcGJrItwGuf tMuHOmPfay;Edkifonf/

NGO rsm;taejzifh tvkyfvkyf&mwGif axmufcHajymqkdonfhyHkpHjzifhvkyfMuNyD; olwkdY pkaqmif;&&Sdaom

owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk MoZmtmPm&Sdaom? tqHk;jzwfay;Edkifaom olrsm;udk today;Edkifonf/ odkYr[kwf

oD;oefYyg0ifywfoufol tkyfpkwpfckudk taxmufulay;NyD; n§ dEIdif;aqG;aEG;&mwGif vnf;aumif;? tultnD

jr§ifhwif (EdkifiHa&;? aiGaMu;) ay;&mwGifvnf; aqmif&Gufonf/ þwGif owif;tcsuftvufonf EdkifiH

e,fedrdwf jzwfausmfonfhudpöjzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh xdk NGO onf EdkifiHwum NGO jzpfNyD; EdkifiHaygif;

rsm;pGmwGif ya&m*sufodkYr[kwf vkyfief;rsm;&Sdygujzpfonf/ (Oyrm - oEÅmausmufwef;? ig;t&Sif

a&mif;0,fjcif;? ig;ref;ql;awmif a&mif;0,fjcif;? tvSarG;ig;a&mif;0,fjcif;? oEÅmausmufcuf a&mif;0,fjcif;?

tvkyform;a&TYajymif;rI? vlYtcGifhta&;qHk;½IH;rI) yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom EAFM taejzifh owif;tcsufvuf

rQa0jcif;udk wdk;jr§ifhaqmif&Gufoifhonf/ ,if;wdkYudk ,cktcg EAFM pDrHcsufwGif rSwfwrf; xm;vdrfhrnf/

EAFM pDrHcsufudkjznfhpGufjcif;

tqHk;owftqifh 1 (finishing Step 1) onf EAFM pDrHcsufyHkpH tcef; 1 ESihf 2 udk jznfhpGufay;&ef

aqmif&Gufonf/ Background (aemufcH) twGuf oifhavsmfrnfh acgif;pOfcGJrsm;udk atmufwGifvrf;nTeftjzpf

az:jyxm;onf/

1. VISION tjrif

2. BACKGROUND (aemufcH)

pDrHcefYcGJrnfae&mESifh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk az:jyonf/ twdkif;twmtrsdK;rsdK;yg0ifaom ajryHkrsm;

tyg0if

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI{&d,m

ig;vkyfief;{&d,m? w&m;pD&ifa&;? a*[aA'pepfe,fedrdwf (EdkifiHawmf? a'oBuD;? c½d kiftqifh

w&m;pD&ifa&; tyg0if)? FMU ajryHk/

ig;vkyfief;ordkif;ESihfpDrHcefYcGJrI

ig;zrf;oabmF? ig;zrf;ud&d,m vlwdkYyg0ifrIay:rlwnfí ig;vkyfief;wdk;wufrIudk tusOf; az:jy&ef?

vuf&Sdig;vkyfief;tajcae

ig;t&if;tjrpf? ig;zrf;oabmF? ig;zrf;ud&d,m? ig;t&if;tjrpftajcae? ig;t&if; tjrpf

tokH;jyKyHkajryHk

vlrIpD;yGm;a&;tusdK;aus;Zl;? zrf;,l&&SdNyD; aemufqufwGJtajcaetyg0if

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESihf ,if;wdkYtusdK;pD;yGm; (vlrIa&;tajcaeyg0if) az:jy/ a*[pepfudk tjcm;

enf;jzihf toHkjyKudkaz:jy? txl;ojzifhBuD;rm;aom oufa&mufrI (qdk;usdK;) &SdEdkifí nd§EdIif;aqG;aEG;&ef

vdktyfaom jzpfpOfrsm;? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&; tusdk; aus;Zl;? ,ckESihftem*wf?

ywf0ef;usiftwGuf txl;xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;a&;

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeaom ywf0ef;usiftajcaeudk tao;pdwfaz:jy/ txl;ojzihf txdrcH

awmhaom {&d,mESihf rsdK;okOf;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaom rsdK;pdwfrsm;

tzGJYtpnf;½Ia'gifhrsm;

w&m;pD&ifa&;aemufcH?

vuf&Sdyl;aygif;pDrHceYfcGJrItpDtpOf?

tcef;u@ESihf wm0ef MCS tpDtpOf? wdkifyifn§ dEdIif;rIjzpfpOf (txl;ojzifh pDrHcsufESihf vuf&Sd

qufaeaom ajymqdkaqG;aEG;rI/

tqHk;jzwfcsrSwfaomjzpfpOf tao;pdwf? todrSwfjyKyg0ifaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;tyg0if/

ig;vkyfief;twGuf &ydkifcGifhoabmobm0ESihf xdk&ydkifcGifh&&Sdolrsm; taMumif;tao;pdwf/

pDrHcefYcGJrIt&? csOf;eif;0ifa&mufaqmif&Gufjcif;? toHk;jyKol tcGifhta&;? w&m;pD&ifa&; e,fedrdwf

wdkY\ ajryHkrsm;/

tqifh 2.1? 2.2 ESifY 2.3

jyóemrsm;ESihf yef;wdkifrsm;udk az:xkwffowfrSwfí OD;pm;ay;jcif;

Module 11


• oif\ FMU oD;oefY aqG:aEG;&ef tcsufrsm;udk az:xkwfowfrSwf&ef

• jzpfEdkifonfh tEÅ&m,fudk tuJjzwfonfhenf;rSwqifh OD;pm;ay; aqG;aEG;&ef

tcsufrsm;taMumif;aqG;aEG;&ef

• EAFM pDrHcsuftwGuf yef;wdkifrsm;owfrSwf&ef


þtcef;wGif ig;vkyfief;ESihf ywfoufaom aqG;aEG;&eftcsufrsm;udkk tEÅ&m,ftqifhtjzpf tuJrjzwfrD

,if;jyóemrsm;udk az:xkwfowfrSwfNyD; EAFM \ tpdwftydkif;tjzpf (3) ydkif; ydkif;jcm;&ef tusOf;csKyf

az:jyxm;ygonf/ EAFM pDrHcsuftwGuf yef;wdkifrsm; owfrSwf&ef &Sif;jy xm;ygonf/

ed'gef;

yg0ifywfoufrIrsm;ESihf jyKvkyfonfhueOD; tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif ta&;BuD;aom vkyfief;wpfckrSm

ig;vkyfief;ESihfywfoufESD;EG,faom jyóemtm;vHk;udk owfrSwfaz:xkwf&efjzpfonf/ þenf;jzifh yg0if

ywfoufolrsm;twGuf taumif;qHk;tajz&&Sd&ef rnfonfhpDrHcefYcGJrIpepftay: tm½ HkjyK&rnfudk yg0if

ywfouf olwdkY qHk;jzwfEdkif&ef ulnDonf/

þodkYulnDaom aqmif&GufEdkif&efaqG;aeG;&eftcsufrsm;udk EAFM \ tpdwfydkif; (3) ydkif; tjzpf

cGJjcm;Edkifonf/

(1) a*[pepf aumif;rGefapa&; - ig;vkyfief; a*[aA'ydkifqdkifrItm;vHk; (Oyrm - ig;tkyfpkrsm;?

ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;? a*[aA'pepfrsm;) ESihf ig;vkyfief; jyóemrsm; oufa&mufrIrsm;aMumifh ,if;wkdYtay:

oufa&mufEdkifrI

(2) vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&; - ig;vkyfief;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&; &vm'ftusdK;quf

rsm; aumif;aom&v'f (a'ocHwdkY vdkvm;aom&v'f Oyrm � tpmvHkjcHKrI ESihf pD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufrI) ESihf

raumif;aom &vm'ftusdK;quf (a'ocHwdkY rvdkvm;aom Oyrm - tjiif;yGm;rI? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&rI)

(3) aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfa&; - vdkvm;aom &vm'ftusdK;qufrsm; &apEdkifaom pDrHcefYcGJa&;ESihf tzGJUtpnf;

qdkif&mpepf (Oyrm - oGm;a&mufoHk;pGJcGifhESihf ydkifqdkifcGifhpepf? Oya'pnf;urf;vkdufemjcif;? 'Drdkua&pD

usaom jzpfpOfrsm;? tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ajz&Sif;jcif;ESihf tzGJUpnf;qdkif&m tpDtpOf) ,if;ESihftwl jyify

wGef;tm;rsm; (ig;vkyfief;u rxdef;ausmif;Edkifaomudpö) \ ig;vkyfief;tay: oufa&mufrIrsm;

yg0ifonf/

owfrSwfaz:xkwfonfh jzpfpOfrsm; (identification processes) onf zrf;rdí &,lxm;aom ig;?

roHk;íypfvdkufaomig; tm;vHk;tay: ig;vkyfief;\ wdkuf½ dkufESihf oG,f0dkuf oufa&mufrItm;vHk;tay:

vTrf;jcHK&rnf/ xdkYtwl ydkus,fjyefYaom a*[pepfay: vTrf;jcHK&rnf/ a&vkyfom;rsm;ESihf a'ocHrsm;tay:

oufa&mufaom vdkvm;tyfaomESifh rvdkvm;tyfaom &v'ftusdK;quftm;vHk;udkvnf; vTrf;jcHKowfrSwf

az:xkwf&rnf/ xdkYtwl ig;vkyfief;\ xda&mufaom tkyfcsKyfrIESihf pDrHcefYcGJrI&&SdEdkifa&;twGuf vdktyfaom

tcsufrsm;tm;vHk; (w&m; pD&ifa&;pDrHcsufrsm; wdkifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;? Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufema&; ponfh

tcsufrsm;) udkvnf; vTrf;jcHKowfrSwfaz:xkwf&rnf/ aemufqHk;taejzihf ig;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuftay:

oufa&muf Edkifaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&; jyifyjyóemrsm;udkvnf; rSwfwrf;wif&rnf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh -

obm0jyóem (&moDOwk) vlwdkYaMumifhjzpfay:aom a*[aA'jyóem (a&npfnrf;rI) vlrIa&;jyóem

(EdkifiHwumoabmxm;) ESihf pD;yGm;a&;tusdK;oufa&mufrSKjyóem (aiGvJvS,fEIef;) ponf/


jyóemtajrmuftrsm;udk az:xkwfowfrSwfEdkifrnf jzpfaomaMumifh EAFM \ t"du vkyfief;pOf teuf

ta&;BuD;aom tcsufwpfckrSm ta&;BuD;qHk; jyóemrsm;udkom wdkuf½ dkuf0ifa&muf pDrHceYfcGJí ajz&Sif;ay;&ef

jzpfonf/ þodkYaqmif&GufEdkif&ef tEÅ&m,f tuJjzwfyHkpHudkoHk;í vnf;aumif; OD;pm;ay;tqifh yHkpHudkoHk;í

vnf;aumif;? rnfonfhudpöudk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guf&rnfudk qHk;jzwf&rnf/ þtqifhyHkpHrsm;onf EAFM

tpdwfydkif; (3) ckudk az:aqmifaom ig;vkyfief;tay: tajccH&rnf/ a*[aA' wpfckwnf;rS tajcrcH&yg/

pDrHcsuf vkyfief;pOf atmifjrifa&;udpöwGif az:xkwfowfrSwf xm;aom jyóemrsm;teuf rnfonfh

jyóemudk OD;pm;ay;ajz&Sif;&rnhftay: rsm;aom tm;jzihfrlwnfonf/

2.1 jyóemrsm;udk az:xkwfowfrSwf&ef/

ig;vkyfief;ESihfESD;EG,faom jyóemrsm;udk tuJjzwf&eftwGuf EdkifiHtqifh? wdki;fa'oBuD;tqifh?

tqifhjrifhrl0g'vrf;nTefuGyfuJJrI vkdtyfonf/ xdkYtwl FMU \ us,fjyefYaom pDrHceYfcGJa&;vnf; vdktyfonf/

jzpfEdkifygu yef;wdkifonf vuf&Sdw&m;pD&ifa&;odkU tqdkjyKxm;aom w&m;pD&ifa&;ü udkufnD&ygrnf/

ig;vkyfief;rl0g'rsm;ü pDrHcefYcGJa&;pDrHcsufrsm;rSm us,fjyefYaomyef;wkdifrsm; &Sdavh&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif

jyóemrsm;ü &nfrSef;csufrsm;rSm us,fjyefYvGef;ojzihf pDrHcefYcGJa&;jzifh ajz&Sif;ay;Edkifaom pDrHcefYcGJa&;

&nfrSef;csufudkcsrSwf&ef cufcJonf/ jyóemrsm;udk trsdK;tpm;cGJí ajz&Sif;&ef enf;vrf;(tools) rsm;pGm

&Sdygonf/ (Table 11.1 )

Z,m; 11.1 / jyóemrsm; udk az:xkwfowfrSwf&efESihf trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;&ef enf;vrf;rsm;/ (tao;pdyftm;

Toolkit wGifMunfYyg)/

trnf az:jycsuf taumifxnfazmf

aqmif&Gufcsuf

Card storming (brain storming rS vmonf)

jyóemrsm;udkaqG;aEG;Muí u'f (Card) jym;ay: tMuHOmPf

rsm; a&;onf/ tusdK;aqmifolu tkyfpk tvdkuffzGJYay;onf/ trDS

tcdk uif;rI ESihf yl;aygif;rIudk tm;ay;onf/

vG,fulonf/

Component trees (tpdwftydkif;

opfyif)

EAFM tpdwftydkif; component (3) ck ygonf/ (vl?

tkyfcsKyfrI? a*[aA'qdkif&m) acgif;pOftjzpfxm;? þacgif;pOf (3)

ckatmufrS jyóemrsm;udk trsdK;cGJí acgif;pOfcGJ owfrSwf onf/

jyóem wpfckcsif;udk ao;i,foGm;atmif cGJjcrf;í vkyfEdkif

udkifEdkifonfh tqifh a&mufonf/

tweftoifhcufcJ

onf/

Asset/objective impack / threat matrix ydkifqdkifrI &nfrSef;

csuf oufa&mufrI

Ncdrf;ajcmufrI yHkpH

yHkpHwpfckukdoHk;í jyóemrsm;udk uGjJym;aom tydkif; (2) ck

cGJonf/ atmifjrifatmif taumiftxnf az:vdkaom tajc

taeay: Ncdrf;ajcmufaom odkYr[kwf oufa&mufaom jyóem

tweftoifhcufcJ

onf/

Causal analysis taMumif;w&m;

cGJjcm;pdwfjzmjcif;

jyóemrsm;udk taMumif;tusdK; tqifYvdkuffcGJxkwfonf/

tay:rS vmaomwGef;tm;? tajccHtaMumif; w&m;ESihf

teD;uyftaMumif;? w&m;pojzihf jyóem jzpfapaom

taMumif;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fcGJxkwf onf/

tweftoifhcufcJ

onf/

taMumif;w&m;ESifhtusdK;w&m;

Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ESihf jyóemrsm;udk yl;aygif;yg0ifonfh jzpfpOfrS az:xkwfowfrSwf NyD;aemuf jyóem

rsdK;pHkudk awGY&rnfjzpfonf/ tcsdKUrSm tvGefus,fjyefU (Oyrm - a&? avxk npfnrf;rI) í tcsdKUrSm oD;oefY

jzpfonf/ (Oyrm - oEÅmausmufwef;wGif AHk;cGJjcif;)/

az:xkwfowfrSwfxm;aom us,fjyefYaomjy óemrsm;udk a&G;xkwf&mwGif Caus - 1 chain analysis (taMumif;w&m;uGif;quf cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;) [kac:aom enf;pepf ud&d,monf wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf/

(Tool n. 26) Causial chain analysis wGif jyóemrsm; tqifh (4) qifhudk az:jyxm;onf/

1/ wGef;tm;ay;olrsm;- jyóemrsm;pGmudk oufa&mufapaom BuD;rm;aom jzpfysufrIrsm; jzpfonf/ (Oyrm -

vlOD;a&wdk;jcif;? "eOpöm wdk;vmjcif;? &moDOwkajymif;vJrI)

2/ tajccHtaMumif;t&m- wpfpHkwpfckjzpfvmapaom tajccHtaMumif;t&if;jzpfí rlvoufa&mufrIESihf

tvSrf;a0;Edkifonf/

3/ teD;uyftaMumif;w&m;-awGYjrifEdkifaom &vm'fwpfckudk jzpfapcJhaom teD;uyfqHk; odkYr[kwf csufcsif;

wm0eft&SdqHk; taMumif;w&m; jzpfonf/

4/ jyóem- jyóemtrSef odkYr[kwf vu©PmtrSef

yHk 11.1 / ig;tkyfpk avsmhus&jcif;jyóem &Sif;vif;&eftwGuf Causal Chain analysis Oyrm/

yHk 11.1 wGif jyóemrSm ig;tkyfpkavsmhusjcif;jzpfonf/ tay:rSvmaom wGef;tm;rSm vlOD;a& wdk;jcif;?

"etiftm;wdk;jcif;jzpfí yifv,fpmvdktyfcsufudkwdk;aponf/ tajccHtaMumif;w&m;rS rnfolrqdk 0ifa&muf

&,lEdkifaom wHcg;zGifhrl0g'jzpfí rnfolrqdk ig;zrf;cGifhay;onf/ (qefYusifbufaejzifh 0ifa&muf &,lrIudk

uefYowfaomrl0g'jzpfonf)/ þwHcg;zGifhrl0g'aMumifh ig;zrf;avSpD;a&rsm;vGef;jcif;? ig;zrf;&mwGif a&G;cs,f

zrf;rdaom ig;zrf;ud&d,mroHk;yJ 0iforQ tukefrdaom ig;zrf;ud&d,mudktoHk;jyKjcif;rSm teD;uyf taMumif;&if;

jzpfonf/

Causal chain analysis t& Ncdrf;ajcmufrIESihf jyóemwdkYudk pDrHcefYcGJrIpepfjzifh ajz&Sif;ay;Edkifonfh

tqifhwpfckwGif az:xkwfowfrSwf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ þudpörSm rsm;aomtm;jzihf tajccHtaMumif;&if;ESihf

teD;uyfqHk;taMumif;&if;tqifhudk qdkvkdonf/ þOyrmwGif pDrHcefYcGJ onfhenf;jzihf tajccHtaMumif;w&m;udk

ajz&Sif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ yHkpHtm;jzihf wHcg;zGifh0ifa&muf&,lEdkifatmif rl0g'rStuefYtowfjzifh 0ifa&muf&,l

Edkifaom (limited acess) rl0g'odkU ajymif;ypf&efjzpfonf/ ig;zrf;avSrsm;vGef;onhf jyóemESihf a&G;cs,f

zrf;qD;jcif; r[kwfaom (&wmtukefzrf;) ig;zrf;ud&d,moHk;jcif; jyóemudk ajz&Sif;&efvdkonf/

jyóemrsm;pm;&if;

rnfonfhenf;pepfudk oHk;onfjzpfap ta&;BuD;onfhtcsufrSm FMU wGifygaom jyóem tm;vHk;udk

pOf;pm;&efvdkonf/ atmufaz:jyygZ,m;wGif pOf;pm;&rnfh jyóemrsm;udk u@tvdkufcGJNyD; Oyrmay;

xm;onf/ tcsdKUrSm FMU tm;vHk;twGuf toHk;csí &csifrS&rnf jzpfaomfvnf; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;taejzihf

EAFM vkyfief;pOf az:aqmif&mwGif rnfonfh jyóemonf ta&;BuD;onfqdkonfudk qHk;jzwf&efvdkonf/

ေဂဟစနစေကာငးမြနေစမ

ငါးလပငနးအရငးအျမစ

ဖမးမ၍ေရာကလာေသာငါး ဥပမာ- အဓကစးပြားျဖစမးစတ ေရရညတညတ႔ေရး

မရညရြယပဖမးမေသာငါး ဥပမာ- စြန႔ပစျခငး၊ အႏရာယကေရာကေနေသာ ကေရာကလ

ျဖစေနေသာမးစတမား

ငါးဖမးျခငးေၾကာင႔သကေရာကမမား

ေယဘယေဂဟေဗဒစနစ ဥပမာ- အစာကြငးဆကအေပၚ သကေရာကမ

ငါးတ႔၏ ငါးေနငါးထငမား ဥပမာ- ဒေရေတာပကစးျခငး၊ ပငလယၾကမးျပငထခကျခငး

ငါးလပငနးမ သဘာ၀၀နးကငညစညမးမ ဥပမာ- ေရနစြန႔ပစ၊ ယဖတမ

ေဂဟေဗဒစနစအေပၚ သကေရာကမမား

အျခားမလာေသာညစညမးမ ဥပမာ- အမသး/စကမသးမလာေသာ စြန႔ပစၥညး

လသားဘ၀သာယာ၀ေျပာမ

၀ငေငြ၊ အလပအကင၊ အသကေမြး ၀မးေၾကာငး မား ဥပမာ- အစာအတြကလၿခမ၊ အရငးအျမစအသးခရန၊ ကား/မ မေရြး ၀ငေရာကရယခြင႔

အႏရာယကငးေရး၊ ကမးမာေရး ဥပမာ- ထြကကနအရညအေသြး၊ ပငလယျပငတြင အႏရာယ ကငးျခငး

ငါးဖမးဆးၿပးေနာက ဥပမာ- ေစးကြကရရမ၊

အျခားက႑မားႏင႔ အျပနအလန ပတသကမ ဥပမာ- ငါး၊ ပစြနေမြးျမေရးအတြက အစာ၊ အလပအကင ရရေရး အတြက ၿပငဆငမ

ေကာငးမြနေသာစမအပခပမ

အဖြ႔အစညးႀကးမား ဥပမာ- ပတသကမ၊ အဖြ႔အစညးမားအၾကား ပးေပါငးမ အားနညးျခငး၊ စမခန႔ခြမ အေဆာကအအစနစ အားနညးျခငး

ေဒသခေရလပသားမားအဖြ႔/ငါးလပငနးမား ဥပမာ- လကရဥပေဒစညးကမးမား သရမ အားနညးျခငး

တငပငေဆြးေႏြး/ေျပာဆျခငး ဥပမာ- ပါ၀ငမအားနညးျခငး

သတငးအခကအလကႏင႔ ဗဟသတ ဥပမာ- ငါးအပစပမာဏအေျခအေန မေသခာမေရရာျခငး

ကမၻာ႔စးပြားေရး ဥပမာ- ေစးကြကေျပာငးလျခငး၊ ေလာငစာေစးႏနးေျပာငးလျခငး

ဥပေဒစညးကမး လကနာမႏင႔ ထနးသမး ႀကးၾကပမ ဥပမာ- MCS အရညအေသြးနမ႔ကျခငး

vufawGYaqmif&Gufcsuf- az:jycJYaom jyóemrsm;udk jyefvnfMunfY&SKí pDrHcefYcGJenf;vrf;jzifY ajz&Sif;

edKifrnfY jyóemrsm;udk a&G;cs,fyg/

2.2 / tEÅ&m,fudktuJjzwfonfhenf;jzihf jyóemrsm;udkOD;pm;ay;az:xkwfyg

jyóemrsm;udk az:xkwfowfrSwf&mwGif&Edkifonfh tajzwpfckrSm&Snfvsm;aom jzpfEdkifacs jyóemrsm;

(potential issues) pm&if;yifjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif pDrHcefYcGJa&;pepfjzifh ajz&Sif;í &Edkifaom jyóemrsm;rSm

tuefYtowf&Sdygonf/ tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfonfh enf;jzifh tcsdKU oD;oefYjyóemrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;az:xkwfavh

&Sdonf/ tEÅ&m,fudk tuJjzwfonfhenf;qdk&mü oabmxm;ay:tajccHaom t&nftaoG;yg0ifaomenf;ESihf

tcsuftvufay: tajccHaom t&nftwGuf A yg0ifaomenf;[líjzpfonf/

tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcGJjcrf;pdwfjzm&mwGif ar;cGef; (4) cktwGuf tajzudk&SmazGjcif;onf yHkpHjzpfonf/

1/ b,f[mrSm;oGm;rvJ (tEÅ&m,f)

2/ rSm;oGm;zdkYjzpfEdkifacs b,favmuf&SdovJ (jzpfEdkifacstvm;tvm)

3/ rSm;oGm;yg &vmrJhoufa&mufrI tusdK;w&m;ubmvJ (oufa&mufrI)

4/rSm;oGm;&efjzpfEdkifacsESihf rSm;oGm;ygu &&Sdrnfh oufa&mufrIwdkYudk b,fvdkavsmhcsEdkifovJ/

(vkyfaqmif csuf)

owd&&ef ; tEÅ&m,f = tvm;tvm x oufa&mufrI

txufwef;OD;pm;ay; jyóemrsm;qdkonfrSm jzpfEdkifacstvm;tvmrsm;í oufa&mufrI BuD;rm;aom

jyóemrsm;udk qkdvkdonf/ ,if;wdkYudk wdkuf½dkufpDrHcefYcGJ&ef vdktyfonf/ jyóem rsm;udkOD;pm;ay;&ef

enf;ud&d,mrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/

Z,m; - 11 .2 / jyóemrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;&efenf;pepf (ud&d,m)rsm;

trnf &Sif;vif;az:jycsuf taumiftxnfaz:a&;

wdusrIrygaom tEÅ&m,f

u@rsm;^tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwf

&mwGif udef;*Pef;wpfydkif;

ygonf/

(ta&twGufay:rlwnf)

owfrSwfjyóemwpfckpDESihf ywfouf aom

tEÅ&m,fudku@ (3) ck cGJonf/ jrifh? tv,f

tvwf? edrfhjzpfonf/ &Sif;vif; az:jycsufwGif

tusdK;w&m;ESifh jzpfEdkifacs (2) ckvHk;ukd

az:jyxm;onf/

vG,fulonf/

t&nftaoG;tajccH

tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcGJjcrf;

pdwfjzmjcif; (oufa&mufrI

jzpfEdkifacstajccH)

jyóemrsm;udkOD;pm;ay;&ef tajccH yHkpH uGuf

matrix 2×2 ay:tajccHí jzpfEdkifacs (likelihood) ESihf oufa&mufrI (impoch)wdkY

u@trsdK;pm; (2) ckrS (6) cktxdcGJ jcm;onf/

(jzpfEdkifacs twGuf trsdK;pm; (2) rS (6) rsdK;

oufa&mufrI twGuftqifh (2) rS (6) ck)

az:xkwf oufrSwfNyD;aom jyóem wpfckudk

matrix yHkpHuGufwGif xnfhoGif; onf/

twefoifhcufonf

rwdusaomrJay;rItqifhudkt

pufjzihfrSwfom;onf/ OD;pm;ay;oifhonf[kxifaom jyóem rsm;udk

az:xkwfowfrSwfonf/ aemufqkH; a&wGufNyD;

onfU tcgwGif yg0ifywfoufol wdkY twGuf

rnfonfh jyóemudk xdyfwef; OD;pm; ay;oifh

onf udkaz:jyonf/

vG,fulonf/

twGJvdkuftqifhoufrSwfjcif; u'fjym;wpfck\ matrix (yHkpHuGuf) wGif jyóem

(5) ckukd a'gifvdkufESihf a&jyifnD tvdkuf

pm&if;jyK&onf/ wpfpkHpD (wpfwGJpD) udk

EdIif;,SOfí rnfonfuydkí tEÅ&m,f usa&mufrI

rsm;onfudk oabm wlnDrI&,lonf/

jzpfEdkiforQaom twGJ (tpHk) &onfhtxd

xyfwvJvJaqmif&Gufyg/ OD;pm;ay;tqifh

tvdkuf &&Sdvmaom u'fwdkYtwdkif; &aom

tajzudk pm&if;jyKpkyg/

vG,fulonf/

vG,fulaom semi-quantitative risk assessment (ta&twGuftajccHaom tEÅ&m,f tuJjzwf)

qdkonfrSm jyóemwpfckpDudk

(1) jzpfEdkifacs - jrifh? tv,ftvwf? edrfh owfrSwf

(2) oufa&mufrI - jrifh? tv,ftvwf? edrfh[lí owfrSwfonf/

xdktcsufrsm;udk 2 × 2 matric diagram (yHkpHuGuf) wGif xnhfonf (yHk 11.2)/ þenf;jzihf jzpfEdkifacs

jrifhaom ^ oufa&mufrIjrifhaom jyóemrsm;udk az:xkwfonf/ þt&mrsm;onf pDrHcsufa&;onfhjzpfpOfwGif

yg0if&rnfh xdyfwef;OD;pm;ay; jyóemrsm; jzpfonf/ tv,ftvwf tEÅ&m,f&Sdaom jyóemrsm;udkvnf;

EAFM pDrHcsufwGif az:jy&efvdkonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ,if;wdkY\ OD;pm;ay;tqifhonf tcsdefumvay:

rlwnfí ajymif;vJ Edkifonf/

yHk - 11.2 Semi-quantitaitve risk assessment (ta&twGuf tajccHaom tEÅ&m,f tuJjzwfenf;) yHk/

jzpfEdkifacsqdkonfrSm tEÅ&m,fusa&mufrI jzpfEdkifacsudkqdkvdkí oufa&mufrIqdkonfrSm jzpfvmrnfh

ajymif;vJrIudkqdkvdkonf/

2.3 / EAFM twGuf yef;wdkifrsm;owfrSwfyg/

EAFM pDrHcsuftqifhudk jyefowd&yg/

yHkwGifaz:jyxm;onfhtwdkif; yef;wdkifrsm;udk tjrif (vision) atmufwGif wGJxm;onf/ yef;wdkifonf

us,fjyefYonfh tqifhwGif&Sdoifhí EAFM pDrHcsufwpfckpDwGuf yef;wdkif 3 - 5 ck &Sdoifhonf/ yef;wdkifqdkonfrSm

pDrHcefYcGJrIrS&&Sdvdkaom atmifjrifrIjzpfonf/

wpfcgwpf&HwGif qufpyfywfoufrI&Sdaom jyóemrsm;twGuf yef;wdkifudkqdkvdkonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh

a'otajccHaom pDrHcefYcGJrIwpfck\ tvHk;pHkaomyef;wdkifrSm pDrHcefYcGJonfh {&d,mtwGif;&Sd oEÅmausmufwef;

rsm;ESihf ig;tkyfpkrsm;\ usef;rma&;tajctaeudk jyefvnfjr§ifhwif&efjzpfonf/ &nfrSef;csufqdkonfrSm jyóem

wpfcktwGuf atmifjrifpGmajz&Sif;&ef wduspGmaz:jyxm;onfh t&mjzpfonf/ (rsm;aomtm;jzifh &nfrSef;csufudk

pDrHcefYcGJrI &nfrSef;csuf[k az:jyavh&Sdonf/ aemufvmrnfh (tcef; 13? tqifY 3.1) wGif az:jyxm;onf/

Oyrm yef;wdkifrsm;rSm

• a&&SnfwnfwefY&ef pDrHcefYcGJxm;aom ig;vkyfief;ESihf tjcm;qufpyf yifv,fouf&Sd o,HZmwrsm;udk

jyefvnfwnfaxmifjcif;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJjcif;/

• tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifaom usa&mufaeaomyifv,fwGif; ouf&SdwdkY\ ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;udk jyefvnf

wnfaxmifjcif;? xdrf;odrf;jcif;ESihfwnfwefY&efxdef;jcif;/

• urf&dk;wef;a'ocHrsm;twGuf tpm;tpmvHkjcHKa&;udk wdk;jr§ifh&efESihfxdef;odrf;&ef/

• ig;o,HZmwrsm;tay: rDScdkaoma'ocHrsm;\ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rsm;udk wdk;wuf ap&ef/

EAFM \ tpdwfydkif; (3) cktwGuf yef;wdkifwpfckpD pOf;pm;oifhonf/ tpdwftydkif; wpfckjzpfaom

]]a*[aA'pepfaumif;rGefapjcif;}} twGuf yef;wdkif(2)ck yg0ifoifhonf/ tb,faMumihfqkdaomf

xkdtpdwftydkif;wGif ig;t&if;tjrpfjyóemESihf taxGaxG a*[pepfjyóem yg0ifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

þenf;jzifh ig;vkyfief;A[dkjyKtawG;tac:rS ydkíus,fjyefYaom a*[pepftxd pOf;pm;awG;ac: apEdkifonf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf - jyóemrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;cGJjcm;yg/ xdyfwef;OD;pm;ay; jyóemrsm;udk

a&G;xkwfí taMumif;t&m (Themes) tjzpfpkyg/ (EAFM tpdwftydkif; 3 ck jzpfedKifonf)/

taMumif;t&m (Themes) wpfckpD twGuf yef;wdkifwnfaqmufyg/

ႀကတငစတကးအျမင စမခကအတြက

ပနးတငမား ျပနာအရပရပအတြကပနးတငမား

ရညရြယခကမား၊ အညႊနးကနးမား၊ စခနစညႊနးမတမား

စမခနခြမလပငနး ၁

စမခနခြမလပငနး ၂

စမခနခြမလပငနး ၃

tNyD;owftqifh (2) t& jyóemrsm;? yef;wdkifrsm;udk atmufygacgif;pOfrsm;tjzpf EAFM pDrHcsufwGif

xnfhoGif;Edkifonf/

3/ t"duNcdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ESihf jyóemrsm;?

a*[aA'jyóemrsm;

ig;vkyfief;t&if;tjrpfESihf taxGaxGa*[jyóemrsm;? atmufygwdkYyg0if? ig;vkyfief;u ywf0ef;usif

tay: oufa&mufrIESihf Vice Versa (tjyeftvSef ywf0ef;usifrS ig;vkyfief;tay: oufa&mufrI)

vlrIa&;pD;yGm;a&;jyóemrsm;

ig;vkyfief;vkyfudkifolrsm;? taxGaxGjynfolrsm;? a'orSEdkifiHawmftqifh? usm;^r cGJjcm;rIjyóem

tygt0if

tkyfcsKyfa&;jyóemrsm;

pDrHcefYcGJrI&nfrSef;csufrsm; atmifjrifrI&aprnfh pGrf;&nfrsm;udk xdcdkufapaom jyóemrsm;

4/ pDrHcefYcGJrIyef;wdkifrsm;

pDrHcefYcGJrIuOD;aqmifonfh oifvdkcsifaom tqifhjrifhyef;wdkif&&Sda&;? t"du taMumif;t&m

rsm;twGuf a,bl,stm;jzifh yef;wdkif 3 - 4 ck?

tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (1)

Module 12


• FMU yef;wdkifrsm;&&Sd&ef uefYowfcsufrsm;ESihf tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk az:xkwf

owfrSwf&ef

• OD;wnftzGJUvdkuf (Focus Groups discussion ) aqG;aEG; rIrsm;wGif tusdK;aqmif

pGrf;&nfESihf yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJoltay:udktoHk;cs&ef

• EAFM wGif tjiif;yGm;rIudk pDrHcefYcGJ&ef vdktyfaMumif;od&Sd&ef? enf;pepf trsdK;rsdK;udk

okH;&ef/

oifcef;pmtay:NcHKiHkokH;oyfjcif;

þtcef;wGif EAFM wGif t"duig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;twGuf aemufjyefqkwf&efESihf EAFM pDrHcsufESihf yef;wdkifrsm; r&ap&efwm;qD;[efYwm;aom t&mrsm;udk jyefvnfqef;ppf&ef yg0ifonf/

þtcsdefwGif tcef; 9? tpjyKvkyfief; (c) wGif az:jyxm;aom tusdK;aqmifpGrf;&nfukd vufawGU vkyf&ef

jzpfonf/ þtcef;wGif tjiif;yGm;rIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppf&ef? trsm;oabmwlnDrIjzihf a&SUodkYcsDwuf&ef ESihf

tjiif;yGm;rIudk pDrHceffUcGJrItqifhqifhrsm;ukd az:jyxm;onf/ xdkYaemuf tjiif;yGm;rIudkajz&Sif;&ef enf;AsL[mrsm;

pepfrsm;udk tusOf;csKyfaz:jyxm;onf/ xdkYtwl win-win (tjyeftvSeftusdK;&Sd)aom tajz&&Sd&ef rnfodkY

vkyfaqmif&rnfudk az:jyxm;ygonf/

ed'gef;

þpDrHcsuftqifhwGif pDrHcefYcGJrIjzihf ajz&Sif;Edkifaom OD;pm;ay;jyóemrsm;udk owfrSwfaz:xkwfNyD; jzpfí

taMumif;t&m (theme)tvdkuf zGJYxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ taMumif;t&m wpfckpDtwGuf yef;wdkifudkvnf;

owfrSwfNyD;jzpfonf/ ,cktcsdefonf þyef;wdkifrsm; trSefatmifjrifrI &Sdr&Sdudk tjzpfrSefppfaq;&ef vdkonf/

,if;udktjzpfrSefppfaq;jcif; (1) [kac:onf/ xdkYaemuf EAFM pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfaz:NyD;aemuf tjzpfrSef

ppfaq;jcif; (2) udk qufí aqmif&Guf &ygrnf/

1/ yef;wdkifatmifjrif&ef uefYowfcsufrsm;ESihf tcGifhtvrf;rsm;/

yef;wdkifwpfpkpDatmifjrif&ef uefYowfcsufrsm; tcGif;tvrf;rsm;udk jyefíoHk;oyf&rnf/ yef;wdkif

atmifjrifrI &&SdEdkif&ef EAFM tzGJUonf atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udkar;&rnf/

oufqdkifaomar;cGef;rsm;

1/ þyef;wdkifrsm;a&muf&ef aiGaMu;&Sdygovm;? &Edkifovm;/

2/ EdkifiHa&;taxmufulESifY ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;\ taxmuftul tvHktavmuf&Sdovm;/

3/ tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ taxmuftul&&Sdygovm;/

4/ t&nftcsif;&Sdvlrsm; tvHktavmuf&Sdygovm;/

5/ owfrSwftcsdefumvonf trSefvufawGUusygovm;/

6/ vdkufavsmnDaxGaom pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyf&ef ueOD;csOf;uyfrItqifhwGif vkdtyfaom owif;tcsuf

tvufrsm; &Sdygovm;/

tcsdKYar;cGef;rsm;rSm tkyfcsKyfa&;jyóemtaejzifh ygvmNyD;jzpfrnf/ ar;cGef;twGuf tajzrSm ]]r&Sdyg}}

wdwdususjzpfaevsif vkyfp&menf;vrf; (2) ck &Sdygonf/ yef;wdkifonf vufawGYus&ef jyefjyifyg odkYr[kwf

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESihftwl tuefYtowfudk z,f&Sm;jcif;? pDrHcefYcGJjcif;udk vkyfyg/ jzpfEdkifygu uefYowfcsuf

rsm;udk tcGifhta&;rsm;tjzpfodkY ajymif;vJoifhonf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf- yef;wdkifrsm;odkYa&muf&SdedKif&ef uefYowfwm;qD;csufrsm;ESifY tcGifYtvrf;

rsm;udk pOf;pm;yg/

yef;wdkifa&mufEdkifra&mufEdkifod&ef pDrHcsufenf; (ud&d,m) rsm;&Sdygonf/ (Toolkit 25 Munfh)

2/ tusdK;aqmif? aqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf OD;wnftkyfpkwGif;aqG;aEG;jcif;/

OD;wnftkyfpktwGif;aqG;aEG;jcif; (FGD) wGif yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk yg0ifaqG;aEG; apjcif;jzifh

uefYowfcsufrsm;pGmudk ausmfvTm;Edkifonf/ FGD ESihf tusdK;aqmif\ tqHk;u@udk tcef; 9? tpjyKvkyfief; (c) wGif az:jyxm;ygonf/

yg0ifywfoufolrsm; a&&Snfyg0ifaqG;aEG;vm&ef t"duaomhcsufrSm

• xda&mufaom tusdK;aqmif&GufrIjzpfí xdkodkYxda&mufap&ef

o acgif;pOfwpfcktaMumif;udk aqG;aEG;&mwGif vlrsm;udkrdrdwdkY\tawGUMuHKrsm;? cHpm;csufrsm;?

vdkvm;csufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;ap&ef vrf;aMumif;ay;jcif;/

o aqG;aEG;yGJwGif taMumif;t&if;jyoemrsm;udk az:jyowfrSwfjcif;/

o &SmazGazmfxkwfaom enf;pepfrsm;ukd toHk;csí aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ykdrkdouf0ifvmatmifjyKvkyfjcif;?

tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;wkefUjyefrIrsm; &&SdatmifjyKvkyfjcif;/

• aqG;aEG;yGJwGif yg0ifolrsm;taejzifh rdrdwdkYudk,fydkifar;cGef;rsm;? abmifrsm;? oabmw&m;rsm;ESihf

rdrdwdkY\ OD;pm;ay;udpörsm;udk az:jyjcif;/

þaqG;aEG;yGJjzpfpOfwGif owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrSm aqG;aEG;olrsm;twGif; tjyeftvSef ywfoufESD;EG,frI

aMumifh aumif;aomtcsuftvufrsm;&&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;&Sdonf/

rnfonfh FGD aqG;aEG;yGJwGifrqdk? tusdK;aqmifonf atmufygwdkYudkaqmif&Gufoifhonf/

• aqG;aEG;csdef session wpfckqDudk OD;aqmifvrf;aMumif;jcif;/

• tvGef0ifpGufzufjcif;r&Sd&ef? aqG;aEG;&mwGiffcsOf;uyfrIvrf;aMumif;tm; nTefjyay;jcif;?

• aqG;aEG;yGJudk vGyfvyfpGm aqG;aEG;cGifhay;&ef/

• FGD session udk vrf;aMumif;&ef a,bk,susaom ar;cGef;tenf;i,far;&ef/

• vdktyfovdk aqG;aEG;csufvrf;aMumif;udk jyefwnfhrwf&ef jyefjyif&ef/

• yg0ifaqG;aEG;olrsm;u ta&;BuD;aomtaMumif;t&mjyóemrsm;udk raz:xkwfEdkifygu

tusdK;aqmifu 0ifa&muf jznfhpGufay;&ef/

• pkpnf;nDnGwfrIjy&ef (pdwf0ifpm;pGmem;axmifyg)

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf - Focuss group discussion OD;wnftzGJYtwGif; aqG;aEG;yGJwpfckjyKvkyfyg

3/ tjiif;yGm;rI ESihf tjiif;yGm;rIudk pDrHcefYcGJjcif;

jyD;cJhonfhtcef;rsm;wGif EAFM onf a*[aA'? vlrIpD;yGm;a&;ESihf tkyfcsKyfa&; vdktyfcsufrsm;tay:

OD;wnfxm;onf/ xdkYtwl u@toD;oD;ESihf ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,ffol toD;oD; yg0ifonf/

BuD;rm;us,fjyefYvSaom EAFM \ yg0ifywfoufolaygif;pHk jzpfpOfrsm;? tqifhqifhwGif t&if;tjrpf

toHk;jyKolwdkY\ jzpfvmEkdifaomtjiif;yGm;rI? EAFM wGif tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;onf rvGJraoG &SdvmEdkifaomudp ö

jzpfonf/ tjiif;yGm;rIqdkonfrSm tcgcyfodrf; tEkwfvu©Pm[k qkdír&yg/ ,if;tjiif;yGm;rIaMumifh

ydkírQwaom tmPmcGJa0rIESihf qufoG,frIudk&&Sdapjcif;? rSm;,Gif;aom ig;vkyfief;pDrHceYfcGJrIudk trSef

a&mufatmif jyifay;jcif;ESifh EAFM \ rl0g'udk ydkí aumif;rGefwdk;wufapjcif;wdkYudk jzpfapEdkifonf/

ig;vkyfief;ESifh yifv,ft&if;tjrpfESihfywfoufaom tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;rSm yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;? twdkif;twm trsdK;rsdK;

&SdEdkifí atmufygwdkYESihfvnf; wpfpdwfwpfydkif;taejzifh ywfoufonf/ tmPm? enf;ynm? EdkifiHa&;?

trsdK;om^trsdK;orDu@? touft&G,f? vlrsdK;pkudpörsm;ponfh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;onf trsdK;rsdK;wdkY jzpfEdkifonf/

tdrfwGif;tjiif;yGm;rIrS rdrdaexkdif&mtpktzGJU? a'otwGif;tjiif;yGm;rI vlYtzGJUpnf;tvdkuf urÇmhtqifhtxd

tjiif;yGm;rI &SdEdkifonf/ tjiif;yGm;rI\ jyif;tm;twdrfteufonf pDrHcefYcGJrIay: em;rvnfjcif;? tvdkrusjcif;rS

t&if;tjrpf ydkifqdkifrI twGuf tkyfpktvdkuf wdkufcdkufjcif;txd yg0ifonf/ wpfOD;csif;? tzGJUcsif;rwlnDaom

tmPmaMumifh? odkYr[kwf toufarG;0rf;aMumif;udk xdcdkufapaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;aMumifh tjiif;yGm;rI

jzpfEdkifonf/

tjiif;yGm;rI pDrHcefYcGJa&;onf tjiif;yGm;aeolrsm;udk ,if;wkdY\ rwlnDrIrsm;udk xda&mufpGm ajz&Sif;ay;jcif;

jzpfonf/ tjiif;yGm;rI pDrHcefYcGJa&;wGif a,bk,s vufcHxm;Muaom csOf;uyfrIwpfckrSm ESpfzufpvHk;onf

rwlnDaomtjrif t,ltq&Sdjcif;? jyóemudk ajz&Sif;ay;rI tay: rwlnDaomtjrif&Sdjcif;? ESpfzufpvHk;u

rdrdwdkYtjrifrSefonf? w&m;0ifonf[k ,lqMujcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhtjiif;yGm;rI pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;\

&nf&G,fcsufonf tjiif;yGm;rIudka&Smif&Sm;&efr[kwfyJ vltrsm;udk rdrdwdkYrwlnDrIrsm;udk &ifzGifh az:xkwf

apEdkif&efeSifh ykdrkduRrf;usifvmatmif jyKvkyfjcif;aMumifh 4if;wkdU\jyoemrsm;ukd yl;wGJaqmif&Gufajz&Sif;

vmekdifonfh t&nftcsif;rsm;&Sdvmatmif ulnDay;ekdifygonf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf - FMU ajryHkrsm;ay:wGif tjiif;yGm;rSK jzpfvmedKifonf/ tjiif;yGm;rSKwGif

rnfolygeSdKifonfudk rSwfom;yg/

jiif;yGm;rIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rS trsm;oabmwlnDcsuf &,la&;odkY/

tjiif;yGm;rIpDrHcefYcGJjcif;\ yxrtqifhrSm jzpfyGm;aeaom oD;oefYtjiif;yGm;rIwpfckudk tuJjzwf

qef;ppf&efjzpfonf/ tjiif;yGm;rIwpfckudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;jzifh xkdtjiif;yGm;rI\ oabmobm0? yrmPESihf

tqifhudk od&SdEdkifí pDrHcefYcGJ&efcsOf;uyfrIrsdK; aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ tjiif;yGm;rIudk tuJcwf cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm&ef

t"duusaom tcsuf (4)ck wkdYrSm

• tjiif;yGm;rIESihf yg0ifywfoufolwdkY\ p½dkufudkaz:jyyg/ þae&mwGif tjiif;yGm;rI trsdK;tpm;?

tpjyKvmyHkudkcGJjcrf;avhvmonf/ tjiif;yGm;rIwGif yg0ifywfoufolwdkY\ ta&twGuf? ,if;wdkYtMum;

tmPmcsdefcGiftajcaeESihf ,if;wdkYMum; qufqHrIwdkYudk tuJjzwf&rnf/

• pDrHceYfcGJrIoHo&mwGif a&muf&Sdaeonfh tjiif;yGm;rItqifh ueOD;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;onf aemifjzpf

vmonfh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESihf rwlnDuGm;jcm;Edkifonf/ EAFM vkyfief;pOf qufvufjzpfay:

vmonfESihftrQ topfyg0ifywfolrsm; ay:vmEdkifonf/ xdkYaMumifh ajymif;vJvmaomtajcESifh

vdkufavsmnDaxGaom aysmhajymif; aomvkyfief;jzpfpOfrsdK; vkdtyfonf/

• tjiif;yGm;rI jzpfpOftwGif; a&muf&Sdaeaomtjiif;yGm;rItqifh tjiif;yGm;rItqifhonf 0ifa&muf

ajz&Sif;ay;jcif;udk vufcHEkdifonfh tqifhodkYa&muf ra&muf pOf;pm;&rnf/

Oya'ESihf tzGJUtpnf;½Ia'gifh - tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;ay;aom tzGJYtpnf;BuD;rsm;onf w&m;0iftzGJU

[kwf r[kwf tay:rlwnfí vnf;aumif;? tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;jcif;onf Oya'abmift& [kwf

r[kwfay:rlwnfí vTrf;rdk; oufa&mufrI &Sdvdrfhrnf/

tjiif;yGm;rIwpfckudk vspfvQL&SKEdkifonf/ (olYzmomNyD;oGm;rnf[k arQmfvifhí)? xdyfwdkuf ajz&Sif;Edkifonf/

(oabmrwlnDrIudk ydkíqdk;0g;apaom tEÅ&m,f&Sdonf)/ odkYr[kwf tjyKoabmjzifh pDrHcefYcGJEkdifonf/ tjiif;

yGm;rI pDrHcefYcGJa&;odkY csOf;uyfonfhenf;wpfckrS yg0ifywfoufol toD;oD;wdkY\ tuJjzwfcGJjcrf;pdwfjzm avhvm

apjcif;udk &,ljcif;ESihf trsm;oabmwlnDrI&apaom tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm; usif;yjcif;jzpfonf/ (Tool n. 4) þpnf;a0;yGJrsdK;wGif az:jyygenf;vrf;jzpfMuaom tjiif;yGm;rIudk BudKwifodjrifjcif;? yl;aygif;pDrHcsufqGJjcif;?

r[mrdwfzGJUjcif;ESihf axmufcHrI&,ljcif;wdkYudk toHk;csjcif;jzifh tjiif;yGm;rI qkd;0g;pGm rjzpfrDwGif qufoG,fjcif;?

yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;wdkYjzifh ajz&Sif;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ EAFM pDrHcsufqGJ&efESihf taumiftxnfaz:&ef

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJa&;csOf;uyfrIjzifh aqmif&Gufyg/ (tcef; 9? tpjyKvkyfief; (c) ESifY tcef; 16?

tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (2) wGif az:jyxm;onf) u yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIjzpfpOfudk trSefwu,fyif

taxmuful jyKvdrfhrnf/

trsm;oabmwlnDrIudk wnfaqmufonfqdk&mwGif yl;aygif;qHk;jzwfcsufcsEdkifaomenf; pepfudkoHk;jcif;?

tusdK;aqmif ^ nd§EdIif;olwpfOD;u tjrifrwlnDMuaom tkyfpkwdkYudk xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkif&onfh jyóemrsm;tay:

oabmwlnDrI&atmif aqmif&Gufjcif;? trsm;oabmwlnDrI&&ef vdktyfaom &nfrSef;csufrsm;? tjcm;udp ö

rsm;wGif oabmwlnDrI &,lapjcif;wdkYudk vkyf&ygonf/ rJcGJqHk;jzwf&ef rvdktyfonfhenf;jzpfonf/ þudpöwGif

rwlnDaomtjrif oabmxm; rsm;tay: av;av;pm;pm;rQa0jcif;? tjyeftvSef trsm;tusdK;pD;yGm; &&Sda&;

twGuf twlwpfuGvkyfudkifjcif;jzpfonf/ taumif;qHk;rSm tjiif;yGm;rI trSefwu,frjzpfay:rD aqmif&Gufjcif;

jzpfonf/ (tjiif;yGm;rI pDrHcefYcGJa&;udk avsmhcsaponf)? EAFM wGif tjiif;yGm;rI pDrHcefYcGJa&;onf pDrHcefYcGJrI

yef;wdkifrsm; csrSwfonfhtqifhESifh EAFM pDrHcsufqGJonfYtqifYwGif tokH;0ifonf/ þenf;jzifh BuD;rm;aom

jyóemtay: oabmwlnDrI&apNyD; ao;i,faom jyóemrsm; (enf;pepfydkif;qdkif&m tzGJYtpnf;qkdif&m

jyóemrsm;)udk ajz&Sif;&ef vrf;&Sif;ay;onf/ xdkYjyif pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfaz:rnfh umvwGif jzpfvmrnfh

tjiif;yGm;rI rsm;udkvnf; ajz&Sif;ay;onf/

tjiif;yGm;rIrsm; pDrHcefYcGJrIudk EAFM wGif rnfodkYtoHk;csrnf

tjiif;yGm;rIpDrHcefYcGJrIyef;wdkifrSm rdrd\uRrf;usifrIudk toHk;csí tjiif;yGm;aeolrsm;udk rwlnDaom

uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;ukdaz:xkwfapNyD; jyóemrsm;udk tm;vHk;twGuf Win-win (tm;vHk;twGuf ESpfOD;ESpfzuf

tusdK;&Sdaom) tajz&&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf/ tjiif;yGm;rIpDrHcefYcGJa&;qdkonfrSm tajccHtm;jzifh

tusdK;aqmifu aqmif&Gufay;aom nd§EIdif;rIwpfckjzpfí atmufygtajcaersdK;wGif taumif;qHk; aqmif&Guf

Edkifonf/

• tjiif;yGm;rIwGif yg0ifonfh tzGJYtm;vHk;udkod&Sdjcif;?

• jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&efpdwftm;xufoefjcif;?

• tajzwpfck&&Sda&;onf tm;vHk;twGuf ta&;BuD;jcif;?

• tjiif;yGm;rIpDrHcefYcGJa&; enf;pepftay: tm;vHk;u,HkMunfjcif;?

• tjyeftvSef (tm;vHk;) tusdK;&Sdapaom tajz&&SdEdkifjcif;?

• tzGJUrsm;taejzifh oabmwlnDrI&&Sda&;twGuf vkyfydkifcGifhtmPm&Sdjcif;?

• aiGaMu;? tcsdefESihf t&if;tjrpf (vl? ypönf;) &&SdEdkifjcif;?

• tajzudk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY vdkvm;Mujcif;?

tjiif;yGm;rI\ vu©PmudkausmfvTm;í taMumif;&if;udk od&Sd&ef (toD;oD;aom owif; t&if;tjrpfrS

&Edkif&ef) vdktyfonf/ odkYrSom pDrHcefYcGJEdkifrnf/

EAFM jzpfpOfwGif tjiif;yGm;rI pwifjzpfvmEdkifajc&Sdaom rlvae&mrsm;rSm

• ywfoufqufEG,frItajcaersm;-wefbdk;rsm; (vl\pdwfydkif;qdkif&mwefbdk;)? ,HkMunf udk;uG,frIrsm;?

bufvdkufrIrsm;? twdwfurw&m;rIrsm;? twdwfurSm;,Gif;aom qufoG,frI? awGYqHkrIrsm;

• owif;tcsuftvuf-nHhzsif;aomtrsdK;tpm;? owif;trSm;? rwlnDaom t"dyÜg,faumuf,lrIrsm;

• tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;- pdwful;jzihfxifaom? trSefwu,f&Sdaom tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;? ½kyfydkif; tusdK;aus;Zl;?

xdawGYír&Edkifaom tusdK;aus;Zl;

• zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHk-t&if;tjrpfpD;qif;yHk? tmPmydkiftzGJUpnf;? toif;tzGJU? tcsdefuefYowfcsuf?

aiGaMu;tajcae tjiif;yGm;rI

•

tjiif;yGm;rI pDrHcefYcGJa&;wGifyg0ifaom tqifhrsm;rSm

1/ tpjyKjcif; - ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,fyg0ifywfoufolwpfOD; odkYr[kwf jyifyyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;u tjiif;yGm;rIudk

pDrHcefYcGJ&ef zdwfac:jcif;?

2/ jyifqifjcif; - tjiif;yGm;rIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;? owif;tcsufvufrsm; zvS,fjcif;? pnf;urf;

Oya'rsm;? yg0ifrnfholrsm; a&G;cs,fjcif;?

3/ n§ dEdIif;aqG;aEG;jcif; - rdrdtusdK;pD;yGm; pdwf0ifpm;rIudk &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm az:xkwfjcif;? tm;vHk;

tusdK;&Sdapaom Win-Win tajcaeudk a&G;cs,fjcif;? vdkvm;aom a&G;cs,frItwGuf tcsuftvuf

pkpnf;jcif;

4/ oabmwlnDjcif; - taumif;qHk;a&G;cs,frItwGuf yl;aygif;ed*kH;csKyf tqHk;owfjcif;? qHk;jzwf csufrsm;udk

rSwfwrf; wifjcif;?

5/ taumiftxnfaz:jcif; - tajz&v'fudk yHkESdyfxkwfay;jcif;? oabmwl vufrSwfxdk;jcif; (rvkyfrae&

r[kwfyg)? apmifhMuyf jcif;? yHkrSeftuJjzwfjcif;/

tjiif;yGm;rIonf ajymif;vJrIjzpfpOf\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfonf/

tjiif;yGm;rIudk ajymif;vJrItwGuf tcGifhtvrf;wpfck[k jrifoifhonf/ ajymif;vJrItwGuf wkefYjyefMu

&mwGif atmufygtqifhrsm;wdkif; jzpfavh&Sdonf/ (1) jiif;y,fjcif;/ (2) qefYusifjcif;/ (3) vufcHoabmwl

jcif;ESihf (4) ,HkMunfvkyfaqmifjcif;? (yHk 12.1)

yHk 12.1/ tjiif;yGm;rI onf ajymif;vJrI\ jzpfpOfwpfckjzpfí tqifh (4) qifh&Sdonf

tjiif;yGm;rIudk EAFM \ tajymif;tvJ jzpfpOfwpfcktjzpfarQmfrSef;Edkifonf/ ,if;jzpfpOfudk aumif;pGm

pDrHcefYcGJEdkifygu tjiif;yGm;rIudpöudkaqmif&Guf&if; ydkíBuD;rm;aom tajymif;tvJodkY OD;wnfEdkifonf/

atmufwGif tusOf;az:jyxm;aom r[mAsL[mrsm;ESihf tjiif;yGm;rIpDrHcefYcGJa&;enf;pepf(ud&d,m)rsm;

(Tool n. 8) udk toHk;jyKí &ifqdkif&rnfh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&ef jzpfonf/

tjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Sif;&ef r[mAsL[mrsm;

tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk &nfrSef;csufa&mufatmifajz&Sif;&ef rnfrQtiftm;oHk;vdkonf odkYr[kwf

aumif;rGefaomqufqHrIudk rnfrQqufvufxdef;odrf;vdkonf tay:rlwnfí r[mAsL[mrsm;udk trsdK;pm;

cGJjcm;Edkifonf/ (yHk 12.2)/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf aumif;aom qufqHa&;udk ydkíta&;ay;NyD;? &nfrSef;csuf

aygufajrmufa&;udk ta&;ray;vSygu ae&may;jcif;jzifh tqifajyEdkifygonf/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf

aumif;aomqufqHa&;udka&m &nfrSef;csufaygufajrmufa&;tay: ta&;ray;ygu xdkolonf a&SmifMuOfaom

(acgif;a&Smifaom) r[mAsL[mukdokH;ygvdrfhrnf/ tu,fíwpfpHkwpfa,mufonf &nfrSef;csuf aygufajrmufa&;

aumif;aomqufqHa&;xuf wefbdk;xm;tav;ay;ygu olwdkYonf NydKifqkdifMuvdrfhrnf/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufu

tm;vHk;twGuf oifhavsmfaom oabmwlnDrI&&ef rdrdvdkvm;csuftcsdKYwdkYudk t½IH;ay;vdkuf ygu ESpfOD;ESpfzuf

tavsmhay;aphpyfjcif;jzifh oifhavsmfaom tajzudk&&Sdrnf/ tu,fí wpfpHkwpfa,mufu aumif;aom

qufqHrIESihf &nfrSef;csufaygufajrmufjcif; (2) ckvHkudk wlnDpGm wefbdk;xm;ygu olwdkYonf twlyl;aygif;

aqmif&Gufjcif;udk vkyfMujcif;jzifh ESpfzufvHk;twGuf tusdK;&Sdaom Win-Win tajcaeudk &&Sdrnfjzpfonf/

yHk 12.2 / tjiif;yGm;rI r[mAsL[mrsm;

Z,m; - 12.1 tjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Sif;&ef r[mAsL[m (5) &yfudk tao;pdwf az:jyxm;onf/

Z,m; 12.1 / tjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Sif;&ef r[mAsL[m (5) &yf

csOf;uyfrI tjyKrl (aqmif&Gufcsuf) rSefuefaMumif;jyojcif;;

a&SmifMunfjcif; xdyfwdkufr&ifqdkifjcif;? jyóemrsm; udk

vspfvsL½Ijcif;? jyóemr[kwfaMumif;

jiif;qefjcif;

qufqHHa&;xdckdufrnf pdk;&GHUjcif;?

jyóemrsm; ydkBuD;vmrnfudk pdk;&GHUjcif;/

ae&may;jcif; oabmwlnDvG,f? igodigwwf aMumif;

jyaom tjyKtrlrsdK; rjyKvkyfjcif;? yl;aygif;

yg0ifvkdpdwf&Sdjcif;? rdrd\ &nfrSef;csufukdyif

xdcdkufekdifonf/

qufqHHa&;xdckdufrnfpdk;&GHUjcif;? tqif

rajyrIjzpfvmrnfudk pdk;&GUHjcif;

NydKifqdkifjcif;

Win/ lose

(tEdkif t½IH;)

xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkif&efvdkonf? rnfonfhenf;

jzpfjzpf tEdkif&vdkonf/ tMuHUcdkifqHk;ol qufí&Sifoefrnf?

ydkíomvGefaMumif;jyo&rnf/

tay;t,ljyKjcif; tpGef;r[kwf tv,ftvwfwGif oabm

wlnDrI&onf/ rnfolrQ tjynfhtpHk

auseyfrIr&? odkY&mwGif vlwdkif;rdrdwdkY

vdkvm;aom tpdwftykdif; wpfck&&Sdonf/

rnfolrQrdrdwdkYvdkvm;aomt&m

tm;vHk;r&? odkY&mwGif vlwdkif; wpfckck

udk&&Sdonf/

jyjyóemajz&Sif;

aom yl;aygif;

aqmif&GufrI

Win-Win

(tm;vkH;Edkif)

ESpfzufvHk;\ vdktyfcsufrsm; ta&;BuD;

onf/ av;pm;rIBuD;rm;onf? tjyeftvSef

axmufulyHhydk;onf/ tcdkiftrm&Sdonf ^

yl;aygif;aqmif &Gufonf/

ESpfOD;ESpfzuftusdK;&Sdaom tajzudk

&&SdEdkifonf

Win-Win (tm;vHk;Edkif) tajz atmifjrif&&Sda&;

tjiif;yGm;rIwpfckwGif tm;vHk;twGuftajz&&Sd&ef aqmif&Guf&mwGif rdrdNydKifzufudk jyóem ajz&Sif;

ay;rnfh rdwfzuftjzpf pOf;pm;jcif;onf aumif;aom r[mAsL[m wpfckjzpfonf/ tjiif;yGm;rI jzpfaeMuaom

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;Mum; aphpyfnd§EIdif;&mwGif atmufygjzpfpOf (vkyfief;pOf) wdkYudk oHk;Edkifonf/

1/ ]]½Icif;wpfckzefwD;yg vlwdkif;twGuftvkyfjzpfaeaom enf;vrf;wpfck&SmMupdkU}}

2/ vdktyfcsufrsm;? &vm'frsm;ay:rlwnfí jyóemudk t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfyg/ rlvjyóemESihf wpfOD;csif;

vdktyfcsufudk t"dyÜg,fowfrSwf az:xkwfyg? arQmfrSef;onfh &vm'fvnf; owfrSwfyg/

3/ jzpfEdkifaom tajz&&Sda&;twGuf brainstorm (pkaygif;ítBudwfte,faqG;aEG;tajz&Sm) vkyfyg/

4/ &&Sdvmaom tajzrsm;udk tuJjzwfyg/

5/ &&Sdvmaom tajzrsm;udka&G;cs,fyg/

6/ rdrdrnfodkY ta&;,laqmif&Guf&rnfudk pDrHcsufqGJyg/

7/ &&Sdaom&vm'frsm;udk tuJjzwfyg/

tjiif;yGm;rI pDrHcefYcGJa&;enf;pepfrsm;

• tMuHay;jcif; udk tqdkjyKcsuftpm; tokH;jyKjcif;onf ydkíaysmhajymif;í jyKvG,fjyifvG,faom

oabmaqmifí oabmwlnDrI&&Sdapaom tawG;tac:rsm;udktm;ay;onf/ (]]'Dtwdkif;vkyfzdk Y

vdktyfonf}} udk roHk;&ef? ]]'Dvkdenf;vrf;rsdK;udkoHk;&ifaum b,fvdkvJ}} pum;udk oHk;&ef Oyrm)

• jywfom;pGmwJhwdk;ajymyg &efvdkonfhykH? odkYr[kwf pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdaom bmrSrvkyfaom yHkpH r[kwf/

tajctaeay:rlwnfí &ifxJcHpm;csufudk azmfjyonf/ jywfom;aom tjyKtrIonf pdwfqdk;jcif;?

&efvdkjcif;ESihf &ifqdkif&onfhtcgwGif wefjyefjcif;r[kwfbJ wkefYjyefjcif;yHkudkaqmifonf/ (Oyrm -

]ig[m'Dae&mrSrefae*smyJ}} rajym&ef ]]'Dudp öudktpuae uRefawmfwdkY jyefpOf;pm;oifhw,f}} ajym&ef)

• oif? rif;? cifAsm;? (you) toHk;EIef;udk a&Smifyg/

uRefawmfESifYuRefawmfwdkY (]]oifwdkY? cifrsm;wkdU}}roHk;&yg) toHk;tEIef;rSm yk*d¾Kvfa&;t& tjypfwifjcif;

oabmraqmif[k jrifMuonf/ xdkdYaMumifh ]oif? cifrsm;} ]oifwkdU? cifrsm;wdkY} pum;vHk;udk

a&Smifjcif;jzifh txdrcHaom ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tusdK;&Sdaomudpörsm; taxmufuljyKEdkifonf/ (Oyrm - ]

oif? cifrsm;} ]oifwkdU? cifrsm;wdkY} rSm;w,fudk roHk;&yg/ ]]uRefawmfwkdU tjcm;enf;vrf;wpfckudk

oHk;oifhw,fvdkY uRefawmfxifw,f}} udk oHk;yg/)

• wefjyefrIrsm;udk BudKwifwGufqyg tjiif;yGm;rItwGuf BudKwifjyifqifpDrHyg/ (Oyrm-cifAsm; tvkyf

odyfrsm;wm uRefawmfodygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'Dudp örSm cifAsm;&J tultnDudk uRefawmftrSefoHk;&ygr,f}})

tjcm;olwpfOD;udk cHpm;csufESihfol\ wefjyefaqmif&Gufcsufudk BudKwifcefYrSef;pOf;pm;jcif;onf

tjyKoabmqefaom ywf0ef;usifudk zefwD;ay;í xdkolxHrS tjyKoabmqefaom wHkjyefrI &&Sd

Edkifonf/

• tjcm;ol\ tusdK;pD;yGm;udkpOf;pm;yg/ þenf;jzifh taMumif;t&mESihf wdkuf½dkufoufqdkifaom

pum;udk oifajymjzpfrnf/ (]]'Dudpö[muRefawmfwdkYtwGuf jyóemygyJ cifAsm;twGuf jyóem

r[kwfygbl;? 'gayrJh rSefuefwJhtajz&&if cifAsm;udkvJ taxmufuljyKrSmyg}})

• wkefYjyefrIrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKyg udk,ftrlt&m? tjyKtrlrSwqifhodEdkifonf/ (uRefawmfawGUwm

uawmh cifAsm;[m'DcsOf;uyfrIudk odyftxifrBuD;bl;? 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwdkY qufajymMu&atmif}})

• uefYowfcsufxm;yg/ (Zmwf0ifcef;wpfcktwGufuefYowfcsufxm;yg) wm0efcHrIudk &Sif;vif; jywfom;

ap&ef? qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfa&;twGuf uefYowfxm;yg/ OD;pm;ay;csufrsm;udk&Sif;vif;pGmodap&ef

uefYowfxm;jcif;onf toHk;0ifygonf/ txl;ojzihf tzGJUtpnf;tmPmESihf ywfouf vmvQif

qHk;jzwfcsufonf oif\qHk;jzwfcsuf r[kwfaMumif; odap&ef/ (Oyrm - uRefawmhfudk wevFmaeY

avmufay;yg? okdYr[kwf ]]tcsuftvuf udef;*Pef;awGudk ESpfukefrSm |meuvdktyfygw,f}})

txufaz:jyygtcsufrsm;teuf yxr (6) csufrSm &ifwGif;cHpm; wkefYjyefcsuf rsm;udk ydkíaysmhajymif;

nifomaom wkefYjyefcsufrsm;odkY ajymif;vJay;&ef ta&;BuD;onfudk azmfjyonf/ tjiif;yGm;rItajcaersdK;wGif

vlwdkif;onf rdrd\ udk,fydkiftjrif? cHpm;csuf jyif;xefaom cHpm;rI&SdMuí ,if;wdkYay:rlwnfí tjcm;olrsm;udk

wkefYjyefMuonf/ EAFM jzpfpOfudk pDrHcefYcGJolwdkYtaejzifh rdrdwdkYESihf tjcm;yg0if ywfoufrIrsm;wdkY\ tusdK;pD;yGm;

ay:rlwnfí yk*¾dKvfa&; cHpm;csufwdkYudk tvG,fwul owdjyKod&Sd&efvdktyfonf/ þudpöonf ,cktcgwGif

cufcJvdrfhrnf odkY&mwGifpDrHcefYcGJrIudk ydkíxda&mufaprnfh t&mjzpfonf/

wJhwdk;bGif;bGif;ajymqdkqufoG,fjcif; o½kyfvu©Pmrsm;

wJhwkd;ajymqdkjcif;onf ½dk;&m,Ofaus;rtI ay:rlwnfonf/ tcsdKYEdkifiHwGif vufcHMurnfjzpfaomfvnf;

tm&S-ypdzdwfa'otcsdKYwGif ½dkif;pdkif;onf? roifhavsmf[kxifrSwfMurnf/ EAFM aqmif&Guf&mwGif oufqdkif&m

a'o\ ½dk;&m,Ofaus;rI vdkufavsmnDaxGvkyf&ef vdktyfaom o½kyfvu©Pmrsm;udk atmufwGifaz:jyygonf/

• pum;ajym&mwGif wdkíwdkuf½kdufjzpfaom 0gusudkoHk;yg/

• pum;ajym&mwGif ]]uRefawmfxifw,f}} ]]uRefawmf,HkMunfw,f}} ]]uRefawmfh&JU tBuHnmPfuawmh }}

pojzifh awG;ac: wm0ef,lrIudk azmfjy&rnf /

• tjcm;olrsm;pum;ajym&mwGif raocsmra&m&mrIawGY&ygu olwdkY\ajymqdkcsufrsm;udk &Sif;&Sif;ajym&ef

wdkufwGef;yg/

• jzpf&yfrsm;udk wduspGmaz:jy&ef (csJUxGifjcif;? vSyatmifwefqmqifjcif;? rSm;,Gif; yHkyef; ysufatmif

az:jyjcif;rjyKvkyf&/

• rsufvHk;csif; wdkuf½dkufMunfhíajymqdkyg/ (tcsdKU,Ofaus;rIwGifomoHk;Edkif Oyrm - taemufEdkifiH

,Ofaus;rIwGif oHk;onf )

EAFM pDrHcefYcGJol (refae*smrsm;) twGuf tMuHay;pum;rsm;

• ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,follrsm;ESihf n§ dEdIif;wdkifyifí &nfrSef;csuftwGuf oabmwlnDrI &,lyg/ tm;vHk;onf FMU \ tjrif (us,fjyefYaomyef;wdkif) tay: rQa0Ekdifatmif aqmif&Gufyg/

• tjiif;yGm;rI enf;ap&ef wm0ef,lrIESihf t&if;tjrpf&ydkifcGifhwdkYudk aocsmpGmcGJa0yg/ &nfrSef;csufwlí

ig;t&if;tjrpfwpfckwnf;ay: rQa0&aomolwdkYonf wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; NydKifqdkifMuvdrfhrnf/

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,follrsm;udk taxmuftul &nfrSef;csufrsm;ESihftwl tjcm;olrsm;ESihf yl;aygif;

aqmif&Guf tm;ay;yg? ulnDyg/

• |metoD;oD;ESihf tzGJUtoD;oD;qufoG,frIESifh tjyeftvSefESD;EG,frI tcGifhtvrf;rsm;&&efzefwD;yg/

þenf;jzifh tcuftcJrsm; ay:vmonfhtcgwGif onf;cHjcif;? yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYudk axmuful

tm;ay;vdrfhrnf/

• taxmufuljyK yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; tvkyfudkwefbdk;xm;aom 0efxrf;rsm;? rdwfzuf rsm;udk

todtrSwfjyKyg/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf - Win – Win tajzta&;ygrSKu@&Sif;jy/

aqG;aEG;wdkifyif&efud&d,mrsm; - http://www.fao.org/fishery/eaf-net/topic/166247/en

http://www.fao.org/

tqifh 3.1 ESihf 3.2

&nfrSef;csufrsm;? tnTef;rsm;ESifY pHcsdefpHnTef;rSwfrsm;

Module 13


• pDrHcefYcGJrI &nfrSef;csufrsm;csrSwf&ef/

• &nfrSef;csufrsm;ESifh ywfoufaom tnTef;rsm;ESihf pHcsdefpHnTef;rSwfrsm; csrSwf&ef


þtcef;wGif pDrHceYfcGJrI&nf&G,fcsufzGHUjzdK;vm&efeSifh ,if;rSwqifhtnTef;rsm;eSifh pHnTef;rsm;udk zGHUjzdK; vm&ef

ta&;juD;aomtcsufrsm;tm; azmfjyxm;onf/ tnTef;rsm;twGuf owif;tcsuftvuf vdktyf csuftm;

tusOf;csKyfaqG;aeG;xm;jcif;ESifh xdkuJYodkY ta&;BuD;aom vkyfief;rsm;wGif ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm; yg0if

aqmif&GufrI ta&;BuD;aMumif;udk tusOf;csKyfjzifh xyfrH az:jy xm;onf/

ed'gef;

EAFM tpdwfydkif;wpfckpDtwGuf FMU yef;wdkifrsm;azmfxkwfjyD;onfhaemufwGif jyomemrsm;tm; wdkuf½dkuf

0ifa&mufajz&Sif;&ef vdktyfygonf/ aemuftqifhwGif pDrHcefUcGJrSk pepfwckzGHhjzdK;vm&ef jzpfjyD; 4if;onf

atmifjrifaom &vm'frsm;jzpfvmrnf jzpfonf/ ig;vkyfief;\ jyóemwpfckpDtwGuf rnfonfht&m

atmifjrifedkifon?f &nf&G,fcsufatmifjrifrSk &Sd r&Sdtm; rnfonfht&mESifh wdkif;wmedkifonf/ rnfonfhpDrHcefYcGJrSk

vkyfaqmifcsuftm; toHk;jyK&rnf ponfwdkhtm; &Sif;vif;pGm qkH;jzwf&ef vdkygonf/

yxrOD;qHk;jyKvkyf&rnfht&monf tEÅ&m,f rsm;aom (jrifhrm;aom toufarG;rSkrsm; ^jrifhrm;aom

oufa&mufrIrsm;) jyóemrsm;twGuf &nfrSef;csufrsm; zGHUjzdK;vm&efjzpfonf/ xdk&nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf

&Sif;vif;jywfom;jcif;? wdkif;wmEdkifjcif; eSifh jrifhrm;aomtqifh&Sd yef;wdkifrsm;ESifh wpfck(odkY) r[kwf wpfckxufydk

íwdkuff½dkufcsdwfqufrI&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/ þt&mrsm;onf pDrHcefYcGJrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzpfjyD; EAFM pDrHcsufwGif

yg0ifonfh tESpfom&jzpfonf/ tcsdKYaom tv,ftvwf pGefUpm;rSK jyomemrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyf&ef

tpDtpOfeSifh tcsdKUaomta&;ay: tpDtpOfwdkhtwGuf owfrSwf az:xkwfEdkifaom enf;vrf; wpfck&Sd&ef

vdktyfonf/ tenf;i,faom pGefUpm;rSk jyomemrsm;onfvnf; pDrHcsufwGif rSwfom;&rnfjzpfjyD; 4if;wdkhonf

rnfonfhtwGufajumifh tenf;i,faom pGefhpm;rSktjzpf pOf;pm;onftm; &Sif;jy&rnf jzpfonf/

3.1 pDrHcefYcGJrI\&nfrSef;csufrsm;

tjrihfqHk;OD;pm;ay;jyóemrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;enf;vrf;tm; Step 2.2 wGif az:xkwfcJhygonf/ 4if;

jyóemESihf wdkuf½dkufqufpyfjyD; &nf&G,fcsufrsm;csrSwf&ef cufcJrnfr[kwfyg/ &nfrSef;csufwGif rnfonfh

t&monf atmifjrifedkifvdrfhrnftm; azmfjy&efvdkonf/ Oyrm - ]]yifv,fvdyfrsm;tay: tusdK;oufa&mufrI

udk avsmhcsí yifv,fvdyfaumifa& tajctaewdk;yGm;vmrItwGuf tajctaewdk;wufaumif;&ef jzpfonf/

ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,folrsm; ywfoufolrsm;taejzifhvnf; &nf&G,fcsuf atmifjrifrSk&Sd r&Sd tm; rnfuJhodkh

0ifa&muf&rnfh enf;vrf;udk qef;ppf&efvdktyfonf/ 4if;wdkYtm; tnTGef;rsm;ESihfpHcsdefpHnTef;rsm; csrSwfjcif;jzifh

aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ (4if;wdkYtm; &nf&G,fcsuf trSwfrsm;[kvnf; ac:edkifjyD; ig;tkyfpktuJjzwfjcif;wGif

yg0ifonf/ vufawGUpkaqmif;xm;aom odkUr[kwf pkaqmif;Edkifaom tcsuftvufrsm;rS tnTef;rsm;udk

cefYrSef;&ef jzpfEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif tcsuftvuftopf vdktyfaom tnTef;wpfcktm; z,f&Sm;jcif; rjyK&yg/

tnTef;rsm;ESifh pHcsdefpHnTef;rsm;onf &nf&G,fcsuf wpfckoabmwljyD;aemufrS zGHUjzdK;vmjcif; jzpfonf/ (Tool n 30 Oyrm)


wdkuf½dkufywfoufaomar;cGef;rsm;

jyóemwpfckpDtwGuf atmufygqufpyf ar;cGef;rsm;udk jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh wdkuf½dkufpDrHcefYcGJ&rnf/

1/ þjyóemESihfqufpyfaom pDrHcefYcGJrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm tb,fenf; eSifh þjyóemudk

atmifjrifpGmajz&Sif;&ef ig;vkyfief;taejzifh aocsmpGmjudk;pm;tm;xkwfoifhonf rSm

tb,fenf;/

2/ þjyóemtwGuf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf wpfckESihfwpfck uGJvGJrSk&Sd aeygovm;/ þodkYjzpfvQif

rnfonfudk OD;pm;ay;rnfenf;/

3/ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;tay: ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,folwdkY oabmwl nDrSk&Sdygovm;/

4/ jyomemtwGuf oabmwlowfrSwfxm;aom &nf&G,fcsufrsm; eSifh &&Sdvmaom&vm'frsm;onf

tqifhjrifhyef;wdkifrsm;? tjcm;rl0g'rsm;? pmcsKyfrsm;? Oya'rsm;ponfwdkYESihf udkufnD rSk&Sdygovm;/

t"duvkyfaqmif&rnfYcsufrsm;

• jyóemwpfckpDtwGuf wdkuf&dkuf pDrHcefYcGJrI vdktyfjcif;? jzpfedkfifajc&Sdaom pDrHcefUcGJrSk&nf&G,fcsuf rsm;udk

az:xkwfjcif;/

• jyóemwpfcktwGuf pDrHcefYcGJrSk &nf&G,fcsuf wpfckxufydkygu ,if;wdkY\ta&;juD;onfh tqifh

tvdkuf odkYr[kwf qufpyfaeonfh OD;pm;ay; tqifhtvdkuf qHk;jzwfyg/

• 4if;wdkhonf oifhavsmfjcif;? jzpfedkifajc&Sdjcif;wdkhty: rlwnfjyD; ig;vkyfief;eSifh eSD;eG,folrsm;\

tBuHOmPfeSif tm;xkwfrSktm; &,lyg/ vufawGUusrusodEdkif&ef yg0ifywfoufolwdkY\ tMuHOmPfESifh

tm;xkwfrIwdkYudk&,lyg/

• tqifhjrifh&nf&G,fcsufrsm;? Oya'rsm;(odkh) rl0g'rsm;ESihfudkufnDrI&Sdap&ef pDrHcefYcGJrI&nf&G,f csufrsm;udk

jyefvnfoHk;oyfyg/

• pDrHcefYcGJrIpepf zGYHNzdK;wdk;wufvm&eftwGuf tokH;jyK az:aqmifrnfhpDrHcefYcGJa&; &nf&G,fcsufrsm;tm;

aocsmatmif jyKvkyfyg/

EAFM pDrHcsufwpfckwGif jyóemrsm;udk oD;oefYcGJxkwfEdkifygu pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsufeSifh 0ifa&muf

pGufzuf rSkrsm;pwif&ef vG,fulvdrfhrnf/ Oyrm - us,fjyefYaom &nf&G,fcsuf twGif;wGif

]]tvGeftuRHzrf;qD;jcif;udk a&SmifusOfjcif;? a&&Snfig;&&Sda&;xdef;odrf;jcif;jzifh pD;yGm;jzpf ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm;udk

a*[aA' t& &SifoefEdkifaom ig;tkyfpktjzpf pDrHcefYcGJ&ef jzpfonf/}}

pDrHcefUcGJrSkrsm;eSifhqufpyfjyD; &nf&G,fcsuf(2)ck&Sdonf/

OcsrnfhrsdK;ig;rsm; pkaqmif;jcif;onf ]]ig;jyefvnfwdk;yGm; vmrnfhtajcaeudk xdcdkufysufpD;aponfhtwGuf

umuG,fwm;qD;&ef}} ESihf

]]t&G,fra&mufao;onfh ig;i,frsm; zrf;qD;jcif;udk enf;EdkiforQ enf;atmif avsmhcs&ef}} wdkYjzpfonf/

wpfcgwpf&H tnTef;rsm;? pHcsdefpHnTef;rsm;eSifh qufEG,fjyD; raz:xkwfEdkifygu pDrHcefYcGJrI &nf&G,fcsuf

rsm;udk csrSwf&efcufcJygojzifh tqkdygtcsufrsm;tm; wpfpkwpfpnf;tjzpf pOf;pm;ygu ydkaumif;onf/

xdkYaMumifh &nfrSef;csufrsm;ESihf qufEG,faom tnTef;rsm;? pHcsdefpHnTef;rsm;udk twlwuG pOf;pm;aqmif&Guf&ef

vdktyfonf/

3.2. tñTef;rsm;ESifh pHcsdefpHñTef;trSwfrsm;

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;taejzihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm; atmifjrifonf ratmifjrifonfudk qef;ppf&rnfh

enf;vrf;tm; qHk;jzwf&onf/ þodkYaqmif&GufEdkif&ef tñ Tef;rsm;? pHcsdefpHñ Tef;trSwfrsm; csrSwfí pDrHcefYcGJonhf

vkyfaqmifrSKtm; wdkif;wmjcif;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJrSKonf &nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; aygufa&mufonf raygufa&muf

onfudk qHk;jzwfedkiffonf/

tñTef;wpfckqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/

tñ Tef;onf tcsdefumvwpfcktwGif; tcsufwpfck\ (trSwfwpfck) &Sd vuf&Sdtajctaetm;

wdkif;wmjcif;jzpfonf/ (Oyrm - tylcsdef? 'Da&awmrsm;\{&d,mrsm;ponf)/

tñ Tef;rsm;onf oyf,yfpepfus SMART jzpf&efvdkonf/

• Specific (wdusaomtajctae? ta&twGuf? t&nftcsif;? tcsdefudk owfrSwfrSk)

• Measurable (wdkif;wmEdkifaomtajctae? Oyrm - vufcHEdkifonfh ukefusp&dwf twGif;

"r®"d|mefus rSefuefajumif; twnfjyKEdkifjcif;)/

• Available (&&SdEdkifaom tajctae? - vuf&Sdowif; t&if;tjrpfrSvnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf

usdK;ajumif; qDavsmfaom tweftoihf tm;xkwf,lrSKrSvnf;aumif; &Edkifonf)/

• Relevant (qufpyfoufqdkiffaomtajctae? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;odkh ajymif;vJrSkwdkhudk

xdcdkfufaom tajctae )/

• Timely (tcsdefrDjzpfaomtajctae? pDrHcefYcGJ&eftoHk;0ifrSK&SdyHkudk aocsmap&ef)/

tñ Tef;qdkonfrSm wkduf&dkufwdkif;wmonfY ig;vkyfief;\ tcsdKU t&nftaoG;jzpfaom ta&twGuf (odkh)

t&nftaoG;wdkif;wmjcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ (Oyrm - GPS vrf;aMumif;udktoHk;csí '&GwfwdkufydkufqGJcJhonhf

{&d,m&Sd tyif(odkY) ouf&Sdobm00ef;usif &mcdkifESKef;) rdk',fyHkpHwpfckudk toHk;csí cefUrSef;jcif;vnf;jzpfonf/

(Oyrm - ig;tkyfpk qef;ppftuJjzwfonhf rdk',fyHkpHudktoHk;csí ig;ZD0xkxnfudkcefYrSef;jcif;) oG,f0dkuf

wdkif;wmjcif; (Oyrm - ig;\ZD0xkxnfudkf wdkif;wm&ef wpfqihfcHtpm;xdk;pepfjzpfaom ig;zrf;rdrSkESKef;udk

wdkif;wmjcif;)? (odkY) qifjcifokH;oyf aumufcsufcsjcif; (Oyrm - tzGJUpnf;rsm;Mum; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSK eSifh

nSdeSdkif;rSk\ tñ Tef;wpfckjzpfonfh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufonfh tpnf;ta0; ta&twGufonf tBudrfaygif;

rnfrQ usif;ycJhonfudk jyefpdppjfcif;)

pDrHcefYcGJrSKwpfckwnf;\ &nf&G,fcsuf taumiftxnfazmfrSKudk apmihfMuyfjunfh&Sk&ef tñ Tef;

wpfckxufydkí oHk;Edkifonf/ (Oyrm - ig;vkyfief;udktajccHjcif;ESihf ig;vkyfief;udk tajcrcHaom? ig;ZD0xkxnf

yrmP wdkif;wmcefYrSef;jcif;udpö)/ þenf;rsm;jzihf rnfonhft&mrS rSefuef wdusonf[k ,lqír&aom

tajctaersdK;wGif rdrdudk,f ,HkMunfrSKudkwdk;aponf/ odkYaomfvnf; rwlnD uGJjym;aom tajzay:rlwnfí

pkaygif;oabmwl t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcJhjuonfh pDrHcefYcGJrSKaqmif&Gufcsufukd tuJjzwf&efvdkonf/

yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif; vlxktajcjyKapmifjuyfjunf&Skjcif;onf oifhavsmfaom tnGef;rsm; zGHUjzdK;&efESifh

apmifhjuyfjunf&Sk&ef tokH;jyKedkifonfh 4if;onf a'wmtvdkuf pkaqmif;cJhonfh a'wmtay: tajccH

xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þenf;onf EAFM zGHUjzdK;&eftwGuf pDrHcefUcGJrSk &nf&G,fcsufrsm;qDodkY oGm;aeonfh

wdk;wufrSkudk wdkif;wm&ef vufawGU usjcif;eSifh tukeftus oufomaom enf;vrf;wpfcktjzpf axmufyHh

ay;edkifonf/ a'ocHrsm; yl;aygif;yg0ifaom apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;udpöudk EAFM vkyfief; pOfwGif xnhfoGif;&ef

tao;pdwfenf;vrf; rsm;udk EAF-net website wGif Munhf½SKEdkifonf/ (Activity 3.2 and Tool n. 38)

tEÅ&m,fenf;onhf tajctaersdK; (trSm;t,Gif;enf;edkifonhf tajctaersdK;) wGif tMurf;xnf

tñ Tef;rsm;ESihf vHkavmufonf/ tñ Tef;rsm;udk a&G;cs,f&mwGif ½SKyfaxG;rSKtqihfESihf pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufwGif

owdjyK&rnhfoabm obm0wdkYudkvnf;pOf;pm;&rnf/ tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfEdkifacsrsm;aomtcgwGif vnf;aumif;

(odkU) pDrHcefYcGJrSKudkydkí wGef;wGef;wdkufwdkuf vkyf&aomtcgrsdK;wGif vnf;aumif;? ydkícdkifrm wdusaom

tñ Tef;rsm; vdktyfvdrfhrnf/ tjcm;a&G;cs,f&ef enf;vrf;wpfckrSm oifhavsmfovdk vdkwdk;ydkavsmhrSKukdvkyfjcif;jzihf

vufcHEdkifaom vkyfaqmifcsuf tuefYtowftxd aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfjyD; pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk ydkíowdxm;

aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf/

qufpyfaomar;cGef;rsm;

(1)/ tñ Tef;wpfckudktoHk;jyKaeNyD;vm;?/

(2)/ rnfonhf tñ Tef; tqihfudk &nf&G,fcsuftwGuf vufcHEdkifonhf vkyfaqmifcsuf[k

owfrSwf&rnfenf;eSifh tb,faMumihfenf;/

(3)/ tñ Tef;ESihf ESihf qufEG,faom pHcsdefpHñ Tef;ig;vkyfief;ESihfywf oufaom tEÅ&m,fo&kyf (2) ckudk

udkufnDap&ef rnfuJhodkUwdus cdkifrm&efvdktyfygoenf;/

(4)/ tñ Tef;wdkif;wm&ef rnfonhft&if;tjrpf (ig;) rsm; &&SdEdkifygoenf;/

(5)/ ydkrdkcdkifrmaom tñ Tef;&&Sda&;twGuf ukefusrnhf tydkukefusp&dwfESihf xdkufwefyg ovm;?/

(6)/ tñ Tef;pepfudk vdktyfonhftcsdefumv wpfcktxdxdef;&ef? t&if;tjrpf (ig;) tvHktavmuf

&Sdygovm;/ tqkdjyKxm;aom tñTef;rsm;onf apmifhMuyfMunfU½SKonhf tajctae? tuJcwf

wefbdk;jzwfEdkifonfh pGrf;&nftajctae ponfwdkUeSifh udkufnD ygovm;/

(7)/ tñ Tef;? pHcsdefpHñ Tef; pDrHcefYcGJrSKpepfudk rnfonhftqihftxd wdusaom w&m;0ifyHkpH jzpfap&ef

vkyf&rnfenf;/

(8)/ xdef;csKyfaom Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;xkwf&ef oihfavsmfygvm;?/

t"duvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

• pDrHcefYcGJrSK&nf&G,fcsufwpfckpDtwGuf aqmif&GufrSKudk wdkif;wm&ef jzpfEdkifaom tñTef;rsm;udk azmfxkwf

owfrSwfyg/

• vdktyfaomwdus rSefuefrSK tqihftay: oabmwlnDrSK&,lyg/

• owif;tcsuftvuf &&SdEdkifrSKtajctaeudk jyefoHk;oyfyg/ 4if;wdkUESifh qufEG,fjyD; tcsuftvuf

raocsmpGm &xm;ygu jzpfedkfifajc&Sdaom tñ Tef;wpfcktwGuf qufEG,faom ukefusp&dwfudk jyefoHk;

oyfyg/

• a&G;cs,frSKrsm;teuf tukeftusoufomqHk;udk qHk;jzwfyg/

• tñTef;\raocsm ra&&mrSKtqihfaMumihf rnfonfht&mu vufcHEdkifonf vufrcHEdkifonfh

aqmif&Gufcsuf jzpfrnftm; qHk;jzwfyg/

• tu,fí &nfrSef;csuftwGuf tñTef;wpfckxufydkí oHk;&rnfqdkygu aemufqHk;&vm'f&&Sd&ef twGuf

,if;tñTef;rsm; rnfodkYyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&rnfudk qHk;jzwfyg/

• vufawGUtm;jzihf vuf&Sdpkaqmif;xm;aom tcsuftvufrS tnGef;rsm;tm; cefhrSef;&ef jzpfedkifonf/

pHcsdefpHñTef;trSwf (benchmark) qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/

tvG,fwulajym&vQif pHcsdefpHñ Tef;trSwfqdkonfrSm oifb,fudkoGm;vdkovJ (OD;wnfcsuf? ypfrSwf)?

b,fuvmovJ (tajccHtcsufvuf)? oifb,fudka&mufvdk ovJ (tuefYowf) ponfwdkUtm; azmfjyjcif;

jzpfonf/

pHcsdeftrSwfqdkonfrSm wcgw&HOD;wnfcsufrsm; jzpfjyD; tñTef;\ vdktyfaom tajctae[k

owfrSwfonf/ (Oyrm – MPA wckatmuf&Sd {&d,m\ 20%) (odkYr[kwf)vkyfief;vnfywf&ef e,fedrdwf

uefYowfxm;aom tuefhtowf odkUr[kwf uefYowfcsufrausmfvGef&aom tajctae (Oyrm - vuf&Sdig;

zrf;&eftm;xkwfrSK\ 50%)/ ig;vkyfief;oHk; pum;&yfwGif benchmark udk target (OD;wnfcsuff) ESihf

uefYowfcsuftrSwf[k ac:avh&Sdonf/

owfrSwfxm;aom pHñ Tef;rSwfudk a&mufonfhtcg? (odkU) ausmfvGefonhftcgwGif wdusaom ta&;,l rSKeSifh

oifhwifYavsmufywfaom tqihfwpfckudk owfrSwfvsuf judkwifumuG,frSk enf;vrf;udk toHk;jyKí

pHcsdefpHñ Tef;rsm;udk owfrSwf&ef? tNrJvdktyfonf/

pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufudkwdkif;wmjcif;

tñ Tef; (indicator) ESihf twl pHcsdefpHñTef;trSwf (benchmark) (Oyrm - ypfrSwf? tajccHtcsuf?

uefYowfcsuf) udk ESKdif;,SOfjcif;jzihf pDrHcefYcGJrSK rnfrQxda&mufrSK&Sdonfudk wdkif;wmEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/ (tcef; 17?

tqifY 5/ [Figure 13.1] )

yHk- 13.1/ pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufudkwdkif;wmjcif;

tñ Tef;wpfck\ OD;wnf&monf pHñ Tef;trSwf (2) ck (ypfrSwfESihfuefYowfcsuf) ESihf qefYusifajumif;

azmfjyxm;onf/

tpdrf;a&mifonf vdkvm;tyfaomtajz (ypfrSwftxuf)? vdar®mfa&mifonf twefoihf vdkvm;

tyfaomtajz (ypfrSwfatmuf odkY&mwGif uefowfcsuftxuf)? teDa&mifonf rvdkvm; tyfaom

tajzjzpfonf/

tñTef;rsm;twGuf vdktyfaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;

vdktyfaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm; udk tcef; 10? tqifY 1.3 FMU e,fy,ftwdkif;twm wGif

aqG;aeG;azmfjyxm;onf/ tñTef;rsm;ESihf apmihfMuyfMunhf½SK&ef vdkaom owif;csuftvufrsm;udk wlnDpGm

xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;Edkifonf/ tñ Tef;rsm;udka&G;cs,fjcif;jzifh owif;tcsuftvuf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk taxmuf

tul jzpfaponf/ xdkYaMumifh FMU \ tpdwftydkif; (3) ckESihf ywfoufaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;

vdktyfonf/ owif;tcsuftvufpkaqmif;&ef yl;aygif;csOf;uyfrSKrsdK;udk tm;ay;jyD; tcsuftvuftopf

rsm;pkaqmif;&ef vdktyfvdrhfrnf/

qufpyffaomar;cGef;rsm;

1/ tnTef; (rsm;)udk wdkif;wm&ef rnfolwm0ef&Sdoenf;

2/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm; (topf odkYr[kwf vuf&Sd) rnfonfhae&m rSvmygoenf;/

3/ topfjzpfygu rnfonfYenf;udk toHk;jyKrnfenf;

owif;tcsuftvufrsm; w&m;0ifjzpf&ef aqmif&Gufjcif;onf aumif;aomtavhtusihf jzpfonf/

txl;ojzihf trsdK;tpm;rwlaom t&nftaoG;eSifh ta&twGufyg OD;wnfaom tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;

onfh enf;pepf t&if;tjrpfrsm; aygif;pD;jcif;jykKvkyfoifhonf/ þenf;jzihf bmom&yftwGuf ydkí jynfhpHkaom

cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmrSKudk &&Sdaprnf/ þenf;jzihf bmom&yf\ tuJcwfwefbdk;jzwfjcif;tm; ydkjynfhpkHapedkifonf/

4if;tjyif weffzdk;jzwf aumufcsufjcjcif;wGif ,kHjunfrSk wdk;edkifjcif;eSifh axmufcHcsufrsm;tay: ,HkMunfrSK

ydkvmaponf/

yl;aygif;apmifhMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;ESihf tuJcwfwefbdk;jzwfjcif; (M&E)

jzpfedkifonfrSm yl;aygif;apmihfMuyfMunfh½SKjcif;ESihf tuJcwfwefbdk;jzwfjcif; (M&E) udk tñTef;rsm;

apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;eSifh tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;&ef tokH;jyk&rnf/ yl;aygif; M&E qdkonfrSm rnfolu

ajymif;vJrSKudkwdkif;wmonf? rnfolutusdK;tjrwf&&Sdonf? pdk;&drfylyefrSKudk nSdeSkif;onf ponfwdkUtm;

t"duxm;onf/ tnGefl;rsm; pHcsdefpHñ Tef;rSwf\ ypfrSwfESihf uefYowfcsufudkk rnfokdYwdkif;wmrnftm;

owfrSwfjcif; jzpfonf/ tuJcwfwefbkd;jzwfonfh M&E tzGJU\ zGJUpnf;yHkESifh t&nftcsif;onf tvGef

ta&;BuD;onf/ owdjyK&rnhftcsufrSm tuJcwfwefbdk;jzwfonfh M&E tzGJUonf EAFM tzGJUESihf

wpfckwnf;odkYr[kwf uGJjym;Edkifonf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf - a&G;cs,fxm;aom OD;pm;ay;jyóemrsm;twGuf pDrHcefYcGJrSK&nf&G,fcsufrsm;?

tnTef;rsm;ESihf pHcsdefpHnTef;rSwfrsm;udkzGHYNzdK;&ef jzpfygonf/

EAFM pDrHcsuf wckvkH;\ tpdwftydkif;wpfcktaejzihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;? tñ Tef;rsm;? pHcsdefpHñ Tef; rSwfwdkYudk

EAFM \ tydkif; (5) wGif atmufygacgif;pOfrsm; atmufwGif &Sdonfh twdkif; EAFM \ tydkif; (5) wGif

xnhfoGif; Edkifonf/

5 / &nfrSef;csufrsm;? tnTef;rsm;? pHcsdefpHnTef;rSwfrsm;

ig;vkyfief;OD;pm;ay;jyóemrsm;? &nfrSefcsufrsm;ESifY pHcsdefpHnTef;rSwfrsm;wGif atmufygu@wdkY yg0ifonf

• ig;vkyfief;t&if;tjrpfrsm;

• ywf0ef;usif (r&nf&G,fbJ zrf;rdig;rsm;? ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;? tpm;cHom;aumifrsm;?

• vlrSKa&;

• pD;yGm;a&;

• pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;? pDrHcsufudk atmifjrifpGm taumifxnfaz:edKifaompGrf;&nf/

tqihf 3.3? 3.4 ESihf 3.5

pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;rsm;? Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufemjcif;? b@ma&;ESihf

EAFM pDrHcsuftNyD; owfjcif;

Module 14


• pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tay: oabmwlnDrSK&,l&efESihf yg0ufywfoufolrsm;

Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufema&;udkaqmif&Guf&ef

• pDrHcsufwGif b@ma&;tpDtrHxnhfoGif;&ef

• tm;vHk;udk pkpnf; - EAFM pDrHcsufudktNyD;owf&ef

oifcef;pmtay: jcKHikHokH;oyfcsuf

þtcef;onf tqihf 3 (step 3) udk tqHk;owfonf/ pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tay: oabmwlnD?

rnfodkYoabmwlnD? &,lrnfudkazmfjyxm;onf/ txl;ojzifY oabmwlxm;aom vkyfaqmifcsuf rsm;tay:

vdkufem&ef txl;tm½Hkpdkufonf/ xkdYtjyif b@ma&;jyjyóem(udpö&yf)rsm;udk aqG;aEG;xm;NyD;? EAFM pDrHcsuf

rnfokdY tqHk;owf&rnfudk aqG;aEG; wifjyxm;onf/

ed'gef;

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSK vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? tñTef;rsm;ESihf aqmif&Gufcsuftwdkif;twmrsm;udk csrSwf

NyD;aemuf tqihfwpfckrSm jyjyóemrsm;udkajz&Sif;&efESihf &nfrSef;csufrsm; aygufajrmuf&ef trsm;oabmwl

pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfaqmif&Guf&ef jzpfonf/

3.3 (u) pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

vuf&Sdig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKwGif ig;o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm; a&&SnftoHk;jyKEdkif&ef vlrsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJonhf

pepfay: tm½Hkpl;pdkufavh&Sdonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf toHk;jyKaom ig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm;udk xdef;csKyfaom

enf;pepfydkifqdkif&m ta&;,lrSKrsm;? Ocsaomig;tkyfpkrsm; umuG,f&ef ig;rzrf;& &moDowfrSwfjcif;rsm;wdkY

jzpfonf/ EAFM jyóemrsm;? &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk ydkrdkus,fjyefYpGm pOf;pm;aomaMumihf wdk;csJUaom pDrHcefYcGJrSK

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; vdktyfygonf/

xdkYaMumihf EAFM \ pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifrnfjzpfonf-(1) t"du xm;aom

ig;rsdK;pdwfrsm;twGuf pdk;&drfrSKrsm;udkajz&Sif;&ef orm;½dk;usig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSK? (2) a*[pepf\ yHko@mefESihf

vkyfaqmifcsufudkwnfwHhatmif qufvufxdef;odrf;&ef? jyefvnfjyKpk ysdK;axmif&efESihf umuG,f xdef;odrf;&ef?

(3) vlom;rsm;\ vlrSKa&;? pD;yGm;a&;udpöudk OD;wnfaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESihf (4) tkyfcsKyfa&; jyóemrsm;udk

ajz&Sif;&efwdkYjzpfonf/

EAFM pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wGif atmufygvkyfief;rsm;yg0ifvdrhfrnf-

ig;aoausrSKudk ñ§ dESdKif;xdef;csKyfaom enf;pepfydkif;qdkif&m ta&;,lrSKrsm; (Oyrm - ig;zrf;ud&d,m

trsdK;pm;udkxdef;csKyfjcif;)

o txdtrdESifY oGif;tm;pkudk xdef;csKyfjcif;

- oGif;tm;pkxdef;csKyfjcif; (Oyrm - 0ifaygufuefYowfjcif;? (ig;zrf;vdkifpif uefYowfjcif;)?

zrf;EdkifpGrf;uefYowfjcif;? ig;zrf;ae&muefYowfjcif;? ig;zrf;ydkifcGifY? a&jyif toHk;cs ydkifcGihf)

- xkwfvkyfrSK xdef;csKyfjcif;? (Oyrm - pkpkaygif; cGifhjyKEdkifonfh xkwfvkyfedKifrnfY yrmP? Total

allowable Catch TAC) o ae&mtydkif;tjcm;tvdkuf toHk;jyKrSK xdef;csKyfjcif;? {&d,mxdef;csKyfjcif; (Oyrm-ig;zrf;{&d,m

ydwfjcif;? yifv,fjyifumuG,f {&d,mrsm; (MPA)? ig;vHk;0rzrf;& {&d,m)


o tcsdefumvxdef;csKyfjcif; (Oyrm - &moDtvdkufig;zrf;cGihfydwfjcif;? Ocs&efvmaom ig;&pf

ig;rsm;udk umuG,fjcif;)

a*[pepfudk uRrf;usifpGmudkifwG,fjcif;/ (Oyrm-ig;aeig;xdkif jyKjyifjcif;? xkxnfyrmPudk

udkifwG,fxdef;csKyfjcif;? Oyrm � rsdK;pdkufxnfYí jyefvnfjyKpkysdK;axmifjcif;? 'Da&awmyifrsm;

pdkufysdK;jcif;? ig;tkyfpkwdk;yGm;&ef aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh aumif;aomyrmPxdef;csKyf&ef a&G;cs,f

xm;&Sdjcif;)

a'otajczGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;

0ifaiG&SdonfYenf;vrf;yGm;rsm;apjcif; (Oyrm- tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJaqmif&GufedKifaom toufarG;rSK

twGuf uRr;fusifrSK)

vlwdkY\t&nftaoG;wdk;wufa&;

o ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJuRrf;usifjcif;

trsm;ESihftwl,SOfwGJvkyfudkifjcif;

o bufpHkyifv,furf;&dk;wef;Zkef pDrHcefYcGJjcif; (ICM) ? yifv,f{&d,mtvdkuf pDrHcsuf (MSP)?

ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf; ponf/

pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf yHkpHcGuf ]]work-in-program}} udk Manager's Toolbook Tool n. 33 udk

Munhfyg/ tpm;xdk; aqmif&GufedKifaomt oufarG;0rf;ausmif;\ pDrHcefYcGJrSK vkyfaqmifcsuf twGuf Tool n. 35

udk Munhfyg/

tcsdKUaom EAFM jyóemrsm;ESihf &nfrSef;csufrsm;rSm ig;vkyfief;tzGJUBuD;\ w&m;0if ñ TefMum;csufabmif

tjyif a&mufaevdrhfrnf/ þtajcaersdK;wGif EAFM onf tjcm;aom pDrHcefYcGJrSKu@rsm;ESihf qufpyf&ef

vdktyfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf urf;&dk;wef;a'o pDrHcefYcGJrSK? obm0tEÅ&m,favsmhcsjcif;? &moDOwk ajymif;vJrSK

tay: vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ EAFM pDrHcefYcGJrSK&nfrSef;csufrsm;ESihf udkufnDygu EAFM pDrHcefYcGJrSK r[mAsL[mrsm;rSwpfqihf aqmif&Gufaom vkyfief;rsm; yg0ifedKifygonf/ (Oyrm - ICM, MPA, MSP)?

xyfrHaqmif&Gufaeaomvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

rsm;aomtm;jzihf oD;oefU&nfrSef;csufwpfcktwGuf pDrHcefYcGJrSK vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;pGm &Sdaeyvdrhfrnf/

pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;\ pm&if;udk t"duyg0ifywfoufol tkyfpkrsm;ESihf oufqdkif&mtpdk;&Xmersm;\

tultnDjzihf OD;wnfxm;aom a'ocH rsm;ESihftwl yl;aygif;aqG;aEG;tBuHÓPf&,l (brain storm) &mrSwpfqihf

&,lEdkifonf/ jyóemjzpf&onfY taMumif;t&mrsm;udk avYvmonfYpepf (Problem-objectives Tree-Tool n. 28)

uJhodkYaom a'ocHrsm; yg0ifaom enf;pepfud&d,mudk toHk;csjcif;jzihf oD;oefYjyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&ef

vkyfaqmifcsuftwGuf tqdkjyK&ef a'ocHrsm;udk tm;ay;&rnf/ &nfrSef;csufwpfckpDtwGuf jzpfEdkifonhf

pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm; pm&if;udkjyKpk&ef vdktyfonf/ txl;ojzihf vkyfaqmifcsufwpfckcsif;\ vG,fulpGm

toHk;csvkyfaqmifEdkifrSK? atmifjrif&ef tvm;vm&SdrSK? wGufajcudkufrSKESihf ukefusp&dwfwdkYudk OD;pm;ay;

azmfjy&rnf/

&vm'fwpfckrSm &nfrSef;csufrsm;rcsrSwfyJ 0ifa&mufpGufzufonhf enf;udkomoHk;aom tjcm;aom

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKESihf rwlnDuGJjym;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf tb,faMumihf oD;oefYpDrHcefYcGJrSK vkyfaqmifcsuf

wpfck csrSwf&onhf taMumif;&if;udk yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm; &Sif;vif;pGmod&Sdaponf/ pDrHcefYcGJrSK

vkyfaqmifcsufwdkif;wGif wm0ef&Sdolrsm;udk azmfjy&rnf/ xdkYtwl taumiftxnfazmf&ef vdktyfaom

csdefumvudkazmfjy&rnf/ rwlnDaom pDrHcefUcGJrSK vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tay: a'ocHrsm;? aqmif&GufonhftzGJUESihf

tjcm;tzGJUrsm;u wm0efcH &rnf/

qHk;jzwfcsuf odkYr[kwf xdef;csKyfonhfpnf;urf;Oya'rsm;

oD;oefY pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESihftwl qHk;jzwfxm;aom pnf;urf; Oya'ESihf ,if;wdkYudk rnfodkY

toHk;csrnfudk wwfEdkiforQtwlyg0ifap&rnf/ wcgw&HwGif vufawGUtaumifxnfazmf jyD;rS xGufay:

vmavh&Sdonf/ qHk;jzwfxm;aom pnf;urf;t&vkyfaqmifcsufudk aqmif&Gufcsuf\ tajctaet&

rwlnDaom tajctaewGifaqmif&Gufoihfonf/ tao;pm;ig;vkyfief;wpfckwGif þudpöonf vufawGUus&ef

vdktyfonf/ (Oyrm � vkyfaqmifcsuf wpfckonf tvkyfrjzpfaom tcgrsdK;wGif ydkwif;Muyfaom Oya'csrSwf

aqmif&Guf&rnf)/ t"dutcsufrSm rnfodkUjzpfvmrnfudk judK;pm;í oabmwlMu&efESihf tñ Tef;wefbdk;

tajymif;tvJtay: rnfokdYwkHYjyef&efjzpfonf/ þudpöonf yg0ifeSD;eG,folrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf aocsmaom

tcsuf wpfckudk&apNyD; Oya'pnf;urf;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefYod&Sd&efESihf em;vnf&efvdktyfonf/ tcsdKUudp ö

rsm;wGif qHk;jzwfxm;aom Oya' pnf;urf;rsm;onf ta&twGuf oabmaqmifonf (Oyrm � okawoe

awGU&Sdcsuft& ig;aygrsm;rSK tajctaetpdwfydkif; wpfckt& pkpkaygif; cGifhjyKEdkifonfh xkwfvkyfedkifrnfh yrmP? TAC pkpkaygif; zrf;qD;xkwfvkyfedkifrSk udk ajymif;vJjcif;)? odkYr[kwf rsm;aomtm;jzihf pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk jyefvnf

oHk;oyf&ef qHk;jzwf&jcif;)/

pDrHcefYcGJrSKaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;EShihfOya'pnf;urf;rsm;

aumif;aom tavhtusifhqdkonfrSm EAFM pDrHcsufESihf twlwuGyg&Sdvmaom Oya'? pnf;urf;

csufrsm;udk owfrSwfonfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;tm;xdef;odrf;xm;&SdrSKjzpfonf/ EAFM pDrHcsufonf a&&Snf

twGuf &nf&G,faomaMumihf (yHkrSefjyKjyifajymif;vJrSK&Sdaomfjim;vnf;) EAFM pDrHcsufwGifygaom pDrHcefYcGJrSK

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf a,bl,sqefoihfygonf/ (Oyrm- ig;zrf;ydkuf\ ydkuftdyf&SdydkufuGuf t&G,f

tpm;rsm;udk uefYowfonf)/ twdtus Oya'pnf;urf;t& taumif;qHk;azmfjyoihfonfrSm Oyrmtm;jzihf

ydkuftdyf&Sd ydkufuGuf t&G,ftpm;onf2.5 pifwDrDwm &Sd&rnf/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf rsm;aomtm;jzihf

Oya'pnf;urf; rsm;udk EAFM pDrHcsufxuf ajymif;vJ&ef vG,fulaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ (þudpöwGif EAFM

pDrHcsufudk rnfodkYa&;qGJxm;onfay: rlwnfonf/ (tcef; 15? tqifY 4)/ Oya' pnf;urf;qdkonfrSm

w&m;0if odkYr[kwf w&m;r0ifjzpfEdkifonf/ trSeftm;jzihf EAFM pDrHcsuftay:tajccHí a'ocHrsm;u

a&;qGJxm;aomOya' pnf;urf;rsm;onf tu,fí a'ocHrsm;vdkufemygu txufrS csrSwfvdkufaom

Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;xufydkí xda&mufrSK &Sdonf/

3.3. (c)/ Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufemrSKESihf Oya'udkvdkufemapjcif;

pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk vdkufemap&ef enf;vrf;tmrcHcsufr&Sdyg/ ,if;pDrH cefYcGJrSK vkyfaqmif

csufudk csrSwfjcif;onf tcsD;ESD;omjzpfrnf/ Oya'vdkufemrSKESihf Oya'udk vdkufem apjcif;wdkYonf uGmjcm;

Muaomfvnf; taxmuftul jyKMuonhfoabm&Sdonf/ a&vkyfom;wdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf Oya'

pnf;urf;ESihf udkufnDygu Oya'udkdvdkufemonf[kqdkonf/ Oya'ESihfpnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufemap&ef

wif;wif;MuyfMuyf aqmif&Gufjcif;onf Oya'udk vdkufemapjcif;jzpfonf/ rdrd\pdwftvdktavQmuf

Oya'udkvufcHjcif;onf compliance (Oya' vdkufemjcif;) jzpfonf/ xdkYtwl pDrHcefYcGJrSK Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;

twdkif; aqmif&Gufjcif; onfvnf; Oya'vdkufemjcif;jzpfonf/

Oya'? pnf;urf;rsm;udk csdK;azgufaomtcgrsdK;wGif Oya'udk rvdkufem csdK;azgufolrsm; ta&;,ljcif;

onfvnf; enforcement (Oya'vdkufemapjcif;) jzpfonf/ Oya'vdkufemjcif;ESihf Oya'udkvdkufemapjcif; (2)

ckwdkYudk csdefcGifñ§ d&mwGif txl;ojzihf ig;t&if;tjrpfpDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif compliance (Oya'vdkufemjcif;) udk

vdkvm;tyfaom tajzwpf&yftjzpf oabmxm;&rnf/ rnfonhf compliance ESihf enforcement rqdk

wm0ef,lrSK&Sd&rnf/ w&m;0ifjzpf&rnf/ omwl nDrQrSK&Sd&rnf/ aysmhajymif;n§ifom&rnf/ a&vkyfom;rsm;u

pDrHcefYcGJrSKonf w&m;0ifonf w&m;rQwonf[k jrifMuaomtcgwGif Oya'vdkufemrSKrSm taumif;qHk;

tajcaewGif&Sdrnf/ xdkYtjyif Oya'udk taumif;qHk; vdkufemapaom tjcm;taMumif;&if;rsm;rSm odyÜ Ht&

awGU&Sdcsuf rsm;onf aocsmí ,kHMunfpdwfcs&jcif;? xda&mufaom apmihfMuyfaxmufvSrf;rSK? xdef;csKyfrSK?

vQdKU0SufaxmufvSrf;rSK rsm;&Sdjcif;ESihf tjypfusL;vGefrSKudk tm;ray;aom xda&mufaom jypf'Pf csrSwfrSKwdkY

jzpfMuonf/

o,HZmwt&if;tjrpftoHk;jyKol (a&vkyfom;rsm;) \ tjyKtrludk apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;jzihf

Oya'pnf;urf; vdkufemrSKudkwdk;wufaponf/ xdkYtwl wm;jrpfxm;aom vkyf&yfrsm;udk usL;vGefazgufzsufoludk

ta&;,l jypf'PfcsrSwfjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ pnf;urf;Oya'udk ydkíMuyfrwfvmjcif;? jypf'Pfwdk;jr§ihfjcif;jzihf

Oya'pnf;urf; azgufzsufolrsm; (a&vkyfom;rsm;)twGuf Oya'udk ydkvdkufemvmaponf/ pnf;urf;

xdef;odrf;jcif;onf Oya'pnf;urf; vdkufem a&;udk oG,f0dkufí yHkazmfay;onf/ Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufemESKef;udk

yHkazmfay;jcif;jzihf ]]ra&&m raocsmaom Oya'vdkufemrSK}} (contingent compliance) ESKef;udk

oufa&mufaponf/ raocsmra&&maom Oya'vdkufemrSKqdkonfrSm trsm;uOya'udk vdkufemjcif;&Sdr&Sd

tay:rlwnfí rdrduvdkufívkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ Oya'pnf;urf;Muyfrwfonhf enf;pepfESifh Muyfrwfol

wdkY\ w&m;rQwrSK &Sdonhftay:rlwnfí pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;MuyfrwfrSKonf cdkifrmaom w&m;0if udpötjzpf

jrifvmMuonf/

apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;? xdef;csKyfjcif;ESifh vQdKU0SufaxmufvSrf;jcif; (MCS)

ig;vkyfief;wGif Oya'pnf;urf;Muyfrwfjcif;? vdkufemjcif;? pDrHcefYcGJa&;vkyfaqmifcsuf rsm;udk ig;vkyfief;

pum;t& ]]apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;? xdef;csKyfjcif;? vQdKY0SufaxmufvSrf;jcif;}} (MCS) [k ac:onf/ MCS onf

trsm;oabmwlxm;aom pDrHcefYcGJa&; vkyfaqmifcsuf\ jzpfpOfwpfckjzpfonf/ (MCS) wGif atmufyg

tpdwfydkif;rsm; yg0ifonf-

(1) apmifhMuyfMunhf½SKjcif; (M) - Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufemrSKESihf qufpyfaom owif;rsm; pkaqmif;jcif;?

cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmjcif;?

(2) xdef;csKyfjcif; (C)- ig;vkyfief;udktkyfcsKyfaom Oya'rsm;?

(3) vQdKU0SufaxmufvSrf;jcif; (S)- ig;vkyfief;Oya' pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufemap&ef apmihfMuyf

Munhf½SK avhvmjcif;ESihf rl0g'csrSwfjcif;/

þwGif owdjyK&rnhftcsufrSm Monitoring (apmihfMuyfaxmufvSrf;) onf Monitoring and Evaluation

(M&E) rS pum;&yfESihf rwlaomOD;wnfcsuf t"dyÜm,f&Sdonf/ Oya'pnf;urf; vdkufema&;twGuf Monitoring

onf ydkíus,fjyefYaom (M&E) \ tpdwftydkif; wpfckrQom jzpfonf/ Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufem&ef Monitoring (apmihfMuyfaxmufvSrf;) onfqdk&mü ig;vkyfief;wGif jzpfay: aeonfh owif;udk pkaqmif;jcif;jzpfygonf/

Control (xdef;csKyfjcif;) qdkonfrSm o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm;udk rnfodkYzrf;&rnf Oya'pnf;urf;jzpfonf/

,if;Oya'pnf;urf; rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfig;vkyfief;Oya' EAFM pDrHcsufrsm;ESihf tjcm;tpDpOfrsm; (Oya' - ig;ESihf

ywfoufaom ½ dk;&mOya'pnf;urf;) rsm;rS owfrSwfxm; Muonf/ þenf;jzihf MCS rSwpfqihf ig;vkyfief;

pDrHcefYcGJrSK taumifxnfazmfa&;twGuf tajccHjzpfaponf/ Surveillance (vQdKU0Suf axmufvSrf;a&;)

qdkonfrSm ig;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk xdef;csKyfjcif;? BuD;Muyfjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ þudpöonf

ig;tvGeftuRHzrf;jcif;? w&m;r0ifusL;ausmfzrf;,ljcif; r&Sdap&efESihf pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;rsm;udk taumiftxnf

azmf&ef r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfonf/MCS \ vdktyfcsufrsm;rSm -

- tzGJUBuD;rsm;pGmtMum; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? ñ§dESdKif;jcif;?

- yg0ifywfoufolrsm; tajrmuftjrm;yg0ifvmjcif;?

- oifwef;ay;jcif;? taxmuftyHh (aiG) ay;jcif;?

- ynmay;jcif;? A[kokwjr§ihfwifjcif;?

- apmihfMuyfjcif;? ta&;,ljcif;? jypf'PfcsrSwfjcif;/

txufrSatmuf (Top-down) ESihf atmufrStxuf (bottom up) Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufem jcif;ESihf

xdef;odrf;vdkufemapjcif;

pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;&mwGif txufrSatmuf (Oyrm - ig;vkyfief;udk uif;vSnhf pnf;urf; xdef;jcif;)

odkYr[kwf atmufrStxuf (Oyrm - a'ocHig;vkyfief;BuD;Muyfa&;rSL;rsm;? yl;aygif; pDrHcefYcGJrSK) [lí &SdEdkifonf/

Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufemap&ef t&if;tjrpf (vltiftm;? aiGtiftm;? ypönf;tiftm;) rvHkavmufygu

a&vkyfom;rsm;uyif Oya'pnf;urf; vdkufemap&ef rdrdwdkY yg0ifBuD;Muyfaqmif&Guf&onf/ tcsdKUudpörsm;wGif

a&vkyfom;wdkYudk wpfqifhcH BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfapjcif;? odkYr[kwf tcsdKUudpöwGif a&vkyfom;wdkYtm; ta&;ay:

w,fvDzkef; (hot line) ESihf qufoG,fay;xm;í w&m;r0if ig;zrf;rSKrsm;awGUygu owif;ydkY&efjzpfonf/

o,HZmwokH;pGJolrsm; (a&vkyfom;rsm;) taejzihfvnf; Oya'pnf;urf; vdkufemjcif;jzihf trsm;twGuf

tusdK;aus;Zl;&SdaMumif; ,HkMunfvmMuonhftcgwGif rdrdudk,fudkqef;ppfí Oya'vdkufem&ef qHk;jzwf

vmMuonf/ taumif;qHk;rSm rdrdudk,fwdkifqef;ppf Oya'vdkufemjcif;rSm w&m;0if jzpfaMumif; wm0ef&Sd

tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tulnDjzihfowfrSwfay;&ef vdktyfonf/ odkYr[kwf ygu Oya'xdef;odrf;&ef

rdrdudk,fwdkif rdrdwm0efay;aom oabmoufa&mufí tEÅ&m,f&SdEdkifonf/ Oya'pnf;urf; xdef;csKyfvdkufem

apjcif;qdkonf vlrsm;udkzrf;qD;&ef tmPmtyfESif;xm;aom &JwyfzGJUrQomr[kwfyJ ydkíus,fjyefYonfU oabm

&Sdonf/ tzJGYtpnf;toD;oD;ESihf yg0ifywfoufol toD;oD;wdkYyg0ifí tjyKtrl (a&vkyfom;wdkY\tjyKtrl) udk

ajymif;vJ&ef? jyKjyif&ef csOf;uyfenf;trsdK;rsdK;jzihf aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf/ Oya'pnf;urf; xdef;onfqdk&mwGif

aysmhajymif;aompepfwGif Oya'pnf;urf;udk rdrdzgom todw&m;jzihf tvdktavsmuf vdkufema&; jzpfí

w&m;½Hk;oGm;&efrvdktyfyg/ aysmhajymif;aom pnf;urf;xdef;csKyfrSKwGif vlrSKa&;? ,Ofaus;rSK\ vSKyf&Sm;aom

(rwnfNidrfaom) oabmtay: tajccHaom Oya'vdkufemrSKudk tm½ Hkpdkuf onf/ xdkoabmudk tajccHjcif;jzihf

(1)us,fus,fjyefYjyefY trsm;u Oya' vdkufemjcif;udk &&Sdaponf/ (2) taxGaxGtwm;tqD;

(Oya'razgufzsuf&ef twm;tqD;) udk&&Sdaponf/

aysmhajymif;aom odkYr[kwf tjyKoabmaqmifaom csOf;uyfrSKrsm;wGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf-

• vlrSKa&;aps;uGuf (Social marketing – vlrSKa&;udpö\ ta&;ygrSKudkowdjyKjcif;)?

• Social mobilization – vltrsm;udk pnf;½ Hk;vSKyfaqmfí wpfckckaqmif&Guf&ef tqifoihf jzpfapjcif;?

vltrsm;udkpnf;½H k;Edkifjcif;?

• urf;&dk;wef;a'ot&if;tjrpfrsm; pDrHcefYcGJaom taumif;qHk; tavhtusihfrsm; &&Sdjcif;?

• w&m;pD&ifa&;Oya'ESihf w&m;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;Oya'udkxdef;odrf;jcif;?

• owif;tcsufrsm; pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESihf jzefYa0jcif;?

• ynmay;jcif;? ynma&;ESihfjyifye,fy,frsm;txd

• apmihfMuyfavhvmaxmufvSrf;jcif;ESihf wefbdk;tuJjzwfjcif;/

tjyKoabmraqmifaom jyif;xefaom ta&;,lrSKwGif w&m;½Hk;odkYr[kwf pnf;urf; xdef;odrf;a&;

tmPmydkiftzGJUrScsrSwfxm;aom w&m;0ifjypf'PfcsrSwfrSKjzpfonf/ þenf;jzihf Oya'razgufzsuf&ef

[efYwm;onfh jyif;xefaomta&;,lrSK csOf;uyfrSKrsm;wGif &nfrSef;csuf wpfck&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm Oya'udktoHk;csí

jypfrSKusL;vGefoludk azmfxkwfjcif;ESihf ESdyfuGyfjcif; jzpfonf/

tjyKoabmraqmifaom jyif;xefaom ta&;,lcsOf;uyfrSKrsm;wGif atmufygwdkYyg0ifonf-

• pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;olwkdY tNrJrjywf&SdaeMujcif;?

• jypfrSKusL;vGefoludk axmufvSrf;&ef? zrf;qD;&ef? ta&;,l&ef? tpOftNrJvkyfief; aqmif&Gufjcif;?

oihfavsmfaomjypf'PfcsrSwfjcif;?

• tBudrfBudrfusL;vGefolrsm;udk zrf;qD;Edkif&ef ½SKyfaxG;aom enf;AsL[mrsm; csrSwfjcif;?

• w&m;r0ifvkyfief;rS&&Sdaom pD;yGm;a&;tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; tm;vHk;udk jiif;y,fjcif; (cHpm;cGihfr&Sdapjcif;)/

Oya'pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;wGif tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;wdkY wdkifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;? yl;aygif; ñ§ dESdKif;jcif; yg0ifí

atmufygwdkYudk wm0ef,l&onf/ pnf;urf;vdkufemapjcif;/ apmihfMuyf Munhf½SKjcif;? vQdKU0SufaxmufvSrf;jcif;?

ta&;,ljcif;ESihf jypf'PfcsrSwfjcif;wdkY jzpfonf/ xdktzGJUtpnf;wdkYwGif &JwyfzGJU? a&wyf? urf;ajcapmifhwyfESihf

a'ocHpnf;urf; xdef;odrf;a&; tzGJUwdkY yg0ifonf/

pDrHcefYcGJa&;Oya'? pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;jcif;onf tcsdefESihftwl ajymif;vJvdrhfrnf/ pDrHcefYcGJrSK tpOD;ydkdif;wGif

yg0ifywfoufolwdkY e,fedrdwfrsm; pnf;urf;rsm;ESihf w&if;wESD;jzpfap&ef jynfolrsm;udk ynmay;jcif;

(vufvSrf;rDorQodkY)? Odomjrifomaom pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&; jzpfpOfrsm;udkcsjyjcif;wdkYudk tav;ay;

aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfonf/ pDrHcefYcGJrSK\ tusdK;aus;Zl;udk od&SdvmonhftcgwGif yg0ifywfoufolrsm;taejzihf

pDrHcefUcGJrSK atmifjrifa&;twGuf pDrHcefYcGJa&;udpöudk rdrdudk,fydkifypönf;tjzpf oabmxm;jcif;? rjzpfrae

aqmif&Gufrnf[k qHk;jzwfjcif;wdkYudk vkyfoihfonf/ þtqihfwGifvlrSKa&;t& jypf'Pfcsjcif;? zdtm;ay;jcif;

aMumihfr[kwf rdrdudk,fwdkif pnf;urf; xdef;odrf;jcif; (qE´t& Oya'udkvdkufemvdkjcif;rsdK;) jzpfay:oihfonf/

MCS wdk;wuf ap&ef Tool n. 34 udkMunhfyg/

3.4 b@ma&;

tjcm;aom pDrHcsufwpfckckenf;wl EAFM vkyfief;jzpfpOfwGifvnf; vdktyfaom bwf*suf ESihf aiGaMu;

axmufyHhrnhft&if;tjrpfwdkUudk pOf;pm;&efvdktyfvdrfhrnf/ tcef; 8? tpjyKvkyfief; (u) wGif EAFM

vkyfief;pOfaqmif&Guf&ef aiGaMu;&&Sda&;vdktyfonf[k azmfjyxm;onf/ pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&ef? taumiftxnf

azmf&ef? yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef? MCS ESihf M&E vkyf&ef azmfjyygvkyfief;rsm;twGuf aiGaMu;&efyHkaiG&Sd&rnf/

aumif;aomtavhtxwpfckrSm EAFM pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;ESihf taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf ESpfpOfbwf*suf

owfrSwfa&;qGJ&efjzpfonf/ (tcef; 15? tqifY 4.1 wGifMunfyg)/ EAFM vkyfief;pOf wnfwHha&;twGuf

vHkavmufaom tcsdefrD&Edkifaom? wnfwHhaom &efyHkaiG&&Sdap&ef r&Sdrjzpfta&;BuD;onf/ vkyfief;

taumiftxnfazmfonhf tpydkif;wGif &efyHkaiGudk jyifytvSL&SiftzGJUwpfckrSjzpfap BuD;rm;aomzGHUNzdK;a&;

y½dk*sufwpfckrSjzpfap &&SdEdkifonf/ þ&efyHkaiGrsdK;udk a&&SnftwGuf &csifrS&rnf/ þjyifyrSvmaom &efyHkaiG

&yfqdkif;oGm;aom tcgwGif tpDpOfrsm; ysufpD;qHk;½SHK;avh&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumihf a&&SnfwnfwHha&; twGuf

tjcm;wpfenf;enf;jzihf &efyHkaiG&&Sda&;udkvnf; rvkyfrjzpf aqmif&Guf&rnf/ &efyHkaiG rsm;udk tcsdefrD&&ef

vdktyfonf/ odkYrSom 0efxrf;rsm;vpmESihf vkyfief;aqmif&Guf vnfywf Edkifrnf/ EAFM vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk

a'ocHrsm;u vufcHNyD;axmufcH&rnf/ odkYrSom yg0ifywfoufolwdkYu vHkavmufaom ,HkMunfrSK&SdMuNyD;

,if;wdkY\tcsdefESihf aiGudkxnhf0if Murnf/


1/ vuf&Sdbwf*suf&efyHkaiG &Edkifovm;/ odkYr[kwf aiG&&ef t&if;tjrpftopf vdkovm;

2/ vuf&Sdbwf*sufu b,fvdkvJ? vnfywfrSKb,fvdkvJ?

3/ rnfoluay;vdrhfrvJ ^ ay;EdkifovJ/

4/ yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tMum; omwlnDrQjzpfa&; jyóemrsm;ubmvJ? oufa&mufrSK rsm;u bmvJ/

oD;oefYudpöwpf&yftwGuf aiGaMu;&efyHkaiG&&Sda&; enf;rsm;a&G;cs,f&mwGif atmufyg tcsufwdkYtay:

tajccHcGJjcm;oHk;oyfí aqmif&Guf&onf �

• b@ma&; (vdktyfaom&efyHkaiG? 0ifaiG&&SdrSK? 0ifaiGpD;qif;rSK? ESpftvdkuf vdktyf csufrsm;)

• w&m;Oya'a&; (aiGaMu;&&Sda&;pepfudk w&mOya'axmufcHrSK&Sdjcif;? vdktyfaom

w&m;Oya'topf)

• tkyfcsKyfa&; (pkaqmif;&ef pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;&mwGif cufcJrSKtqihf? ½SKyfaxG;rSK rsm;ESihf

ukefusp&dwfrsm;? jcpm;vwfpm;Edkifacs/ 0efxrf;vdktyfcsufrsm;)

• EdkifiHa&; (tpdk;&taxmuftyHh? jyifytzGJUrsm;u apmihfMuyfaxmufvSrf;jcif;)

• ywf0ef;usifa&;&m (oufa&mufrSK)

tajctaeay: rlwnfívnf;aumif; tpdk;&xHrS tultnD&&SdrSKtay: rlwnfí vnf;aumif;?

&efyHkaiG&&SdEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;pGm&SdEdkifonf/

tpdk;&\0ifaiG?

toHk;p&dwfrS

cGJa0jcif;

• tpdk;&bwf*suf wdkuf½dkufuscHjcif;

• ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aom tpdk;&acs;aiG

pmcsKyfrsm;? tcGeftaumufrsm;?

• ta<u;ajzavsmhjcif;

axmufyHhaiG? ay;aiG?

vSL'gef;aiG

• ESpfOD;ESpfzufodkYr[kwf tvSL&Siftrsm;rS aiGay;aiGrsm;

• tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUrsm;

• yk*¾vduu@

• Trust fund (,HkMunftyfESHaom&efyHkaiGrsm;)

c&D;oGm;vkyfief;rS

0ifaiGrsm;

• tcaMu;aiG (0ifc? a&ikwf? avSpD;? ig;zrf;c? taysmfig;zrf;)

• c&D;oGm;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKtmPmydkifrsm;?

• [dkw,ftcGef

• {nhfonftc? tcGef

• c&D;onf? c&D;oGm;vkyfief;rS apwemtavsmuftvSLaiG/

tdrf NcHajrESihf

zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;?

tcGihfta&;

• ajrodkYr[kwfa&atmufypönf;a&mif;jcif;? vSL'gef;jcif;/

• jyefa&mif;0,fEdkifaom zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;? tcGihfta&; (ajr0,f a&mif;)

• ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;udpötwGuf ajrvkyfydkifcGihf/

ig;vkyfief;rS tcGef0ifaiG • ig;zrf;&&SdrSKtay:? 0efaqmifrSKtay: aumufcHaiG ^ ukefusp&dwf

jyef& Edkifaom enf;vrf;rsm;/

• ywf0ef;usifrxdcdkufaMumif;? wHqdyf? aMumfnmuyfjcif;?

xGufukeftay: axmufcHtodrSwfjyK+vufrSwf/

• ig;0ifa&mufzrf;qD;&efay;&aomaiG(ig;zrf;aMu;)

• ig;zrf;vdkifpifaMu;? vdkifpiftay:pnf;MuyftcGefaiG

• ig;^ykpGefarG;jrLa&;vdkifpifaMu;ESihftcGef

• w&m;r0ifig;zrf;jypfPfaiG/

pGrf;tifESihfowåKwGif;

vkyfief;rStcGef0ifaiG

• a&eHzdwfusrSK'PfaMu;ESifh&efyHkaiG/

• urf;vGefowåK? a&eHobm0"mwfaiGU vkyfief;rsm;twGuf EdkifiH

• awmf (ajrydkif&Sif) odkY ay;&onhfaiG/

• a&eH? "mwfaiGUydkufvdkif;rsm;? qufoG,fa&;? MudK;wef;rsm;twGuf

(olwpfyg;ajray:jzwfoef;onf) ay;&aomaiG/

• a&tm;vQyfppfrS tcGef0ifaiG/

• pGrf;tifukrÜPDrsm;uapwemtavsmufvSLaiG/

yifv,fjyifxdef;odrf;

a&;ESihfywfoufaom

tjrwftpGef;&&ef

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrSK

• ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;twGuf yk* ¾vduu@rS &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrSK/

• ZD0rsdK;pHkrsdK;uGJwdk;yGm;a&;twGufaqmif&GufrSK/

tjcm;t&if;tjrpfrS

(aiG&&ef)

• acs;aiGrsm;

• a'ocHvufrSKvkyfief;rsm;? a&xGufypönf;rsm;? {nhfonfvuf

• aqmifay;urf;jcif;rsm; (aiGypönf;)

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? ywfouf&m Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufemrSKESihf

Oya'pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;rSKrsm;tay: oabmwlnDrSK&,lyg/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ txufygwdkYudk taxmufuljyK&ef aiGaMu;&&SdapEdkifaom enf;pepfrsm;

tay: oabmwlnDrSK&,lyg/

3.5. EAFM pDrHcsufudktNyD;owfyg

EAFM vkyfief;pOf\ step 1-3 onf aemufqHk;wGif EAFM pDrHcsuf taumiftxnf azmf&ef ½kyf0wåKypönf;

vdktyfcsufodkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ þpDrHcsufwGif EAFM taumiftxnfazmf&ef vdktyfaomtpdwftydkif;

(tcsuf) tm;vHk;udk pm&Gufpmwrf;rSwfwrf;? wpfcktjzpf oD;oefY azmfjyxm;onf/

atmufazmfjyygyHkpHcGuf (template)wGif yHkpHjyK EAFM pDrHcsuftwGuf t"duvdktyfaom tpdwftydkif;

rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ pDrHcsuftwGuf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk yg0ifywfoufolwdkYESihf wdkifyifjcif;?

okawoejyK (e,fy,f? twdkif;wm cefYrSef;) jcif;ESihf wpfqifhcH tcsuf tvufrsm;rS pkaqmif;&&Sdxm;oihfonf/

EAFM pDrHcsufazmfaqmif&ef wdkifyifñ§dESdKif;aomjzpfpOfonf aemufqHk;&vm'f &&Sda&;uJhodkY ta&;BuD;

ygonf/ ,if;jzpfpOfrS pDrHcsufydkifqdkifrSKudk &,lapjcif;? tjcm;yg0if ywfoufolrsm; tay: ,HkMunfrSK

&Sdvmjcif;? yg0ifywfoufolrsm;twGif; aumif;rGefaom yl;aygif;vkyfudkifrSK &&Sdapjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif

oufqdkif&mwdkY\ tcef;u@ESihfwm0efwdkYudk &Sif;vif;pGm od&Sdapjcif;? t"duoufqdkifaom tkyfpkrsm;

jzpfMuonhf okawoe tzGJUpnf;rsm;? ig;vkyfief; tzGJUBuD;rsm;? a&vkyfom;rsm;wdkYtMum; csdwfqufay;í

tqHk;wGiftoHk;jyKol (pm;oHk;ol) rsm;ESifh ig;vkyfief;ESifhywfoufí aqmif&Gufolrsm;tMum; tvdkufoihf

o[Zmw jzpfaponf

EAFM erlemyHkpHcGuf (Template)

FMU -----twGuf EAFM pDrHcsuf

1/ tjrif

us,fjyefYaom yef;wdkif&Sd pDrHcefYcGJrSK?

2/ aemufcH

pDrHcefYcGJrnhf{&d,mESihf o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm; udkazmfjyjcif;? twdkif;twmtoD;oD;ygaomajryHkrsm;?

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSK{&d,m

ig;vkyfief;vkyfonhf{&d,m? w&m;pD&ifa&;ESihf a*[pepfe,fedrdwf (EdkifiHawmf? wdkif;jynf ^ c½dkif? a'opdwftqihf

w&m;pD&ifrSK ) FMU ajryHk

ig;zrf;jcif;ordkif;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJrSK

ig;vkyfief;zGHUNzdK;vmonhf ordkif;tusOf;csKyfazmfjyonf? txl;ojzihf ig;zrf;oabFm? ig;zrf;ud&d,m? yg0ifolponf?

vuf&Sdig;vkyfief;tajctae

ig;t&if;tjrpf? ig;zrf;oabFm ^ avSESihf ig;zrf;ud&d,m? ig;o,HZmwt&if;tjrpftajctae? t&if;tjrpfukd

toHk;jyKonfhajryHk?

vlrSK ^ pD;yGm;a&;tusdK;aus;Zl;? postharvest (ig;zrf;rdNyD; aemufqufwGJvkyfief;tajctae) tygt0if

ig;vkyfief;eSD;eG,folrsm;taMumif;? azmfjycsuf? olwdkY\ tusdK;pD;yGm;? (vlrSK ^ pd;yGm;a&; tajctae tyg0if)?

a*[pepfudk tjcm;aomtoHk;jyKjcif;? tjcm;aomtoHk;jyKolrsm; taMumif;azmfjycsuf? txl;ojzihf BuD;rm;aom

oufa&mufrSK&SdEdkifaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? tpD tpOfrsm;? yl;aygif;ñ§ dESdKif;rSK? wdkifyifrSKrsm;? vlrSK ^ pD;yGm;a&; tusdK;

aus;Zl;rsm;? ,ckESihftem*wf?

ywf0ef;usifESihfywfoufaom oD;oefYxnhfoGif;pOf;pm;rSKrsm;

tajctaeqdk;aeaom ywf0ef;usiftaeudkazmfjycsuf? txl;ojzihf txdrcH{&d,mrsm;? tEÅ&m,f usa&muf aeaom

rsdK;pdwfrsm;?

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;½SKa'gihf

w&m;pD&ifa&;aemufcH?

vuf&Sdyl;aygif;? pDrHcefYcGJrSKtpDtpOfrsm;? u@mrsm;ESihf wm0efrsm;?

MCS tpDpOfrsm;?

pDrHcsufESihf vuf&Sdvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;odkYa&mufapaom wdkifyifñ§ dEdkif;rSKjzpfpOf?

qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfonhfjzpfpOf tao;pdwfrsm;?todrSwfjyKyg0ifaqmif&Gufolrsm;tyg0if? ig;vkyfief;wGif &ydkifcGihfrsm;

oabmobm0ESkihf,if;vkyfydkifcGihfrsm;udk&&Sdxm;olrsm;taMumif;tao;pdwf?

pDrHcefYcGJrSKt& 0ifa&mufpGwfzufjcif;^toHk;jyKol\ tcGifhta&;ESihf &ydkifcGihf w&m;pD&ifa&; e,fedrdwfrsm;\ajryHkrsm;

3/ t"duNcdrf;acsmufrSKrsm;ESihfjyóemrsm;

a*[aA'qdkif&mjyóemrsm;?

ig;vkyfief;u ywf0ef;usifay: oufa&mufrSKESihftjyeftvSefoufa&mufrSK Vice versa tygt0if?

vlrSK? pD;yGm;a&;jyóemrsm;

ig;vkyfief;eSD;eG,folrsm;ESihfywfoufaom jyóemrsm;? a'ocH trsm;jynfolrsm;rS EdkifiHawmf tqihftxd? usm; ^ r

jyóemrsm;? (usm; ^ rcGJjcm;rSK) tygt0if?

tkyfcsKyfa&;jyóemrsm;?

pDrHcefYcGJrSK&nfrSef;csufrsm; aygufajrmufEdkifpGrf;udk xdcdkufapaom jyóemrsm;?

4/ pDrHcefYcGJrSKyef;wdkifrsm;

tqihfjrihfyef;wdkifrsm; (qdkvdkonfrSm pDrHcefYcGJrSK\ aemufqHk;yef;wdkif)

5. &nfrSef;csufrsm;? tñTef;rsm;ESihf pHcssdefpHñTef;rSwfrsm;

ig;vkyfief; &nfrSef;csufrsm;? pHcsdefpHñTef;rSwfrsm;twGuf OD;pm;ay;jyóemrsm; atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf-

- o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm;?

- ywf0ef;usif (r&nf&G,fyJzrf;rdaomig;rsm;? ig;aeig;xdkifrsm;? ig;udkpm;onhf taumifrsm;? tEÅ&m,frS

umuG,fjcif;? ZD0rsdK;pHkrsdK;pdwfuGJponf?

- vlrSKa&;

- pD;yGm;a&;

- tkyfcsKyfa&; (pDrHcsufatmifjrifatmif aqmif&GufEdkifrSKt&nfaoG;)

6. pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

owfrSwfoabmwlxm;aom tcsdefumvtwGif; &nfrSef;csuftm;vHk; aygufajrmuf&ef oabmwlxm;aom

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; (r&nf&G,fyJzrf;rdaomig;rsm;? ig;aeig;xdkifrsm; umuG,fjcif;? vlrSK pD;yGm;a&;tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;?

aumif;aomtkyfcsKyfrSKponf)

7. Oya'pnf;urf;vdkufemjcif;

pnf;urf; ^ enf;vrf;rsm;udk xdef;csKyfaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? pDrHcefYcGJrSK vkyfaqmif csufrsm;udk xda&mufapaom

tpDpOfrsm;

8. tcsuftvufrsm;owif;rsm;vdktyfcsufrsm;

pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;udk apmihfMuyf&ef tcsuftvuf owif;vdktyfcsuf? tcsuftvufrsm; rnfonhf

ae&mu&rnf? rnfolu tcsufvufrsm;udkpkonf? cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmonf? toHk; jyKonfudk &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjy&ef/

9. aiGaMu;

&efyHkaiG&&eft"dut&if;tjrpfrsm;/

10. qufoG,frSK

qufoG,frSKr[mAsL[mt& qufoG,fcsdwfqufonf/

11. pDrHcsufudkjyefoHk;oyf

jyefvnfoHk;oyfonhf&ufpGJESihf oabmobm0? pDrHcefYcGJrSK vkyfaqmifcsuftay: vkyfief; ppfaq;jcif;/

rSwfcsuf

(1) tcsuftvufowif;rsm;udk vdktyfcsufrsm;udk wpfpdwfwpfydkif;taejzihf step 1 and 3 wGif azmfjycJhNyD;?

tcef; 17? tqifY 5.1 odkYrSDjirf;ygrnf/ EAFM pDrHcsufwGif tñTef;rsm;udk apmihfMuyf&ef

vdktyfaomtcsuftvufowif;rsm;udk rnfodkY pkaqmif;rnf? rnfolwm0ef,lrnfudk &nfñ Tef; azmfjy

&rnf/ (þudpöudk tcef; 15? tqifY 4.1 wGif csrSwfazmfjyxm;aom pDrHcsuf

taumiftxnfazmfrSK tusOf;udkydkítao;pdwfazmfjyygrnf)/

(2) qufoG,frSKudk tcef; 15? tqifY 4.1 tpdwfydkif;wpfcktjzpf azmfjyrnf/ qufoG,frSK r[mAsL[mESihf

csdwfqufrSKudk þae&mwGif azmfjyoihfonf/

(3) pDrHcsufjyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;udk tcef; 17? tqifY 5.2 wGif azmfjyrnf/ odkY&mwGif M&E jzpfpOfESihf

BudrfESKef;udk þae&mwGif azmfjyjyoihfonf/

tqihf 4/ taumiftxnfazmfjcif;

tqihf 4.1/ pnf;urf;ESihftnDaqmif&Guf? qufoG,f? yg0ifaqmif&Guf

Module 15


• taumiftxnfazmfa&; pDrHcsufwpfckcsrSwf&ef

• EAFM pDrHcsufudk pnf;urf;ESihftnD a&G;cs,f&,ljcif;? qdkvdkcsufudk tusOf;csKyf

azmfjy&ef

• qufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[mwpfck wnfaqmuf&ef


þtcef;wGif EAFM pDrHcsufudk pnf;urf;ESifhtnD a&G;cs,f&,l&efESihf EAFM pDrHcsufudk xda&mufpGm

taumiftxnfazmfjyD; pDrHcsufwpfcka&;qGJa&;udk azmfjyonf/ ,if;wdkYESihf ywfoufaom qufoG,fa&;

r[mAsLwpfck wnfaqmufoihfaMumif;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;onf/

ed'gef;

EAFM pDrHcsufudk trsm;u oabmwltwnfjyKNyD;aemuf taumiftxnfazmfrSKudk apmEdkiforQapm&ef

aqmif&Gufoihfonf/ odkYrSom yg0ifywfolrsm;twGif; ñ§ dESKdif;aqG;aEG;&mrS xGufay:vmaom pdwfaumif;

apwemaumif;ESihf pdwfxufoefrSKtay: tcGihfaumif;,lí aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ taumiftxnfazmf&ef

tcsdefumvonf jyóemwpfck jzpfEdkifonf/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf pDrHcsufjzpfpOfonf MumjrihfvGef;ygu

vkyfief; t&Sdeft[kef avsmhus Edkifonf/ txl;ojzihf 0efxrf;rsm; odkYr[kwf tpdk;&tajymif;tvJrsdK;wGif

jzpfonf/ taumiftxnfazmfjcif;qdk&mü EAFM pDrHcsuf vkyfaqmifjcif;yg0ifonf/ taumiftxnfazmfonfY

jzpfpOfwGif qHk;jzwfcsufcs&aomtcsufrsm;pGm yg0ifrnfjzpfNyD; pDrHcsufESihfoabmwlnDcsufrsm; &&Sda&;

aqmif&Gufonhf jzpfpOfESihfuGmjcm;onf/ yef;wdkifESihf&nfrSef;csufrsm; atmifjrif&ef EAFM pDrHcsufwGifygaom

vkyfief;tm;vHk;udk rSefuefpGmESihf tcsdefrDaqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfonf/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKwGif &ifqdkif&aomjyóemrsm;pGm (Oyrm - a&npfnrf;jcif;? tjcm;a0;vHa'orS

rsdK;pdwfrsm;,lí arG;jrLjcif;? urf;&dk;wef;zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;aMumihf ig;aeig;xdkifysufpD;jcif;? &moDOwkajymif;vJrSK)

wdkYonf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;\ wdkuf½dkufxdef;csKyfrSKjyifywGif&SdaeMuonf/ xdkYaMumihf EAFM pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmfEkdifa&;twGuf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJolwdkYonf jyifyESihfqufoG,fyl;aygif; yg0if

qufoG,fíydkrdkus,fjyefYaom bufpHkurf;ajca'opDrHcefYcGJrKS (ICM)? bufpHka&a0a&vJa'opDrHcefYcGJrSK (IWM)?

ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;pDrHcefYcGJrSKESihf bufpHkork'´&mpDrHtkyfcsKyfrSKwdkYwGif yg0ifaqmif&Guf&rnf/ (Startup tasks wGif pwifaqmif&GufouJhodkY) txufazmfjyyg vkyfief;pOfrsm;r&Sdygu tenf;qHk;taejzihf ywf0ef;usif

a&;&mXmeESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufoihfygonf/

vufawGUtm;jzihfqdk&vQif þurÇmonf u@tvdkufwnfaqmufxm;aom urÇm (Oyrm-pdkufysdK;a&;

u@? opfawmESifhig;vkyfief;u@? owåKwGif;ESifha&eHu@? ywf0ef;usifa&;&mu@? oabFmESihf a&aMumif;

u@) jzpfojzihf EAFM \bufpHkpDrHcefYcGJa&;twGuf txufygu@tvdkuf pDrHcefYcGJrSKrSpwifvkyfaqmif&rnf/

xdkYaMumihf pDrHcsufa&;jcif;? apmihfMunhfjcif;? tuJjzwfjcif;wdkYudk a*[pepftqihfwGif aqmif&GufaepOftwGif;

tjcm;u@rsm;qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;jzpfaom ywf0ef;usifumuG,fjcif;ESihf xdef;odrf;jcif;tzGJUtygt0if tjcm;

u@qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESihftwlyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfonf/


yHk 15.1/ EAFM taumifxnfazmfjcif;? a*[aA'pepfpDrHcsuf? apmihfMuyfjcif;? tuJjzwf jcif;udk

u@pHkpDrHcefYcGJjcif;

bufpHku@yg0ifaomaMumifh taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif pDrHcsuftay:,HkMunfrSkK? vkyfaz:udkifzufrsm;

tay:,HkMunf? ig;vkyfief;xrf;tay:,HkMunfrSKESihf tjcm;tzGJUpnf;rsm;ay: ,HkMunfrSK&Sd&ef vdktyfonf/

rnfonfhpDrHcsufrS tcgcyfodrf; yuwdjynfpHkjcif;r&Sdyg/ atmifjrifrSKrsm;? qHk;&SHK;rSKrsm; &Sdvdrhfrnf/

þtaMumif;aMumihf pOfqufrjywf apmifhMuyfMunhf½ SKjcif;? vufawGUvkyfudkif&mrS oif,lwwfajrmufjcif;?

(vdkufavsmnDaxGaom pDrHcefYcGJrSK) wdkYudk tav;xm;azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ EAFM pwiftaumifxnfazmfcgpwGif

tm;vHk;wdkUonf twlwuG yl;aygif;vkyfudkif&ef oif,lMuojzihf ratmifjrifrSIrsm;&SdEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif

ta&;BuD;onfY tcsufrSm tm;vkH;wdkUonf ratmifjrifrSKrS oifcef;pm,lMuí a&SUodkYwufvSrf;&ef jzpfonf/

ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,fyg0ifywfoufolrsm;\ BuD;rm;aomtwdkif;twmjzihf yg0ifrSk? xkdYtwl u@aygif;pHkrS

yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSKwdkYonf ta&;BuD;ojzifh EAFM pDrHcsufudk taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif pDrHcefYcGJrSK

vkyfief;pOf wavQmufvHk; tpqHk;tm;vHk; pOfqufrjywf yg0ifa&;twGuf oD;oefY enf;vrf;pepfrsm;udk

pDrHcsufwGifxnhfoGif; oihfonf/ atmufygenf;vrf;pepfrsm; yg0if Edkifonf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifaom okawoe?

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? pDrHcefYcGJa&;aumifpD ESihf pDrHcefYcGJa&;qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; yHkrSefcsrSwf&mwGif ig;vkyfief;&yf

ESD;EG,fyg0ifywfoufolrsm;ygaom aumfrwDESihf &dk;&mESihf a'otodÓPfudk toHk;csjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ tcef; 9?

tpjyKvkyfief; (c) wGif azmfjyxm;onf/ tao;pdwfudk tcef; 16? tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (2) wGif

azmfjyxm;onf/

1/ EAFM pDrHcsufudk pnf;urf;pepfwuscsrSwfjcif;

tm;vHk;oabmwlxm;aom pDrHcefYcGJa&;? tpDpOfrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef rsm;aom tm;jzihf

xdkpDrHcsufudk pnf;urf;pepfwuscsrSwf&ef vdktyfonf/ w&m;pD&ifa&;udpöESifh ig;vkyfief;tay:rlwnfí

pDrHcsuftpDpOfrsm;onf pepfusaom w&m;0ifpm&Guf pmwrf;jzpf&ef vdktyfonfhtjyif wpfcgwpf&HwGif

vTwfawmf (ygvDref) rS twnfjyKcsuf &&efvdktyfonf/ tcsdKUudpörsm;wGif EAFM pDrHcsufrsm;udk

taumiftxnfazmfjcif;udk todrSwfjyK&ef Oya' (Oya'jyKa&;) onf vdktyfonf/ tjcm;tpGef;wpfzufwGif

þudp öonf &Sif;vif;vG,fulí a'ocHtzGJUacgif;aqmiftkyfpku oabmwlxm;aom apmihfxdef;xm;aom

t&mrsm;om jzpfvdrfh rnf/

EAFM pDrHcsufoD;oefYtpDpOfrsm;udk oufqdkif&mtmPmydkiftzGJUrsm;u w&m;Oya't&? vlrSKa&; ½SKa'gihft&

pnf;urf;xdef;Edkif&ef EAFM pDrHcsufonf rnfonhftqihftxd pnf;urf; pepfwus&Sd&ef vdkonfudk qHk;jzwf&ef

vdktyfonf/ þodkYaqmif&GufEdkif&ef ]]A[dk}} pDrHcefYcGJa&; tmPmydkif? a'otqihfodkYr[kwf (2) ckaygif;wdkY

yg0if&onf/ þpDrHcsuf taumiftxnf azmfa&;tay: MoZmoufa&mufEdkifaomolrsm;u axmufcHjcif;

rjyKygu atmifjrif&eftvm;vm tvGefenf;ygonf/

Oya'ESihfrl0g'ydkif;qdkif&m taxmuftultao;pdwfudk tcef; 16? tajctaerSefudkppfaq;jcif; (2) wGif

azmfjyxm;í tkyfcsKyfa&;udpötay: txl;tm½Hkpdkufxm;onf/ EAFM pDrHcsuftopf? odkYr[kwf jyefvnfjyifqif

xm;aom pDrHcsufudk pepfwusvufcH twnfjyKNyD;jzpfygu yg0ifywfoufoltm;vHk;odkY qufoG,f taMumif;

Mum;a&;onf tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ txl;ojzihf þtajymif; tvJaMumihf ,cifpDrHcsufta[mif;twdkif;

vkyfudkifaqmif&GufcJholwdkYtay: oufa&mufrSK&Sd Edkifonf/

2/ EAFM pDrHcsuftaumifxnfazmf&efvkyfief;pDrHcsuf

EAFM pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmf&ef bmvkyf&rnf? b,folvkyf&rnf? b,ftcsdef? b,fae&m vkyf&rnf

ponfwdkYudk tusOf;csHK;azmfjyxm;aom tvkyfpDrHcsufonf pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;twGuf tvGeftusdK;aus;Zl;

&SdvdrfYrnf/ þtvkyfpDrHcsufrsdK;wpfck a&;qJGcsrSwfEdkif&ef tcef; 14? tqifY 3.3 wGif azmfjy xm;onfhtwkdif; EAFM vkyfief;wpfckvHk; tprStqHk;txd jyefvnf oHk;oyf&efvdkonf/ xdkaemuf atmufygwdkYudk qHk;jzwf&rnf-

(1) vkyf&efvdktyfonfh oD;oefYvkyfief;MuD;awG[m bmawGvJ?

(2) þvkyfief;BuD;rsm;NyD;ajrmufatmif trSefwu,f b,folrsm; ^ tzGJUpnf;BuD;rsm;u wm0ef&Sd

ygovJ?

(3) b,faeYrSm'DvkyfBuD;rsm;NyD;rvJ/

þvkyfief;pDrHcsufrsdK;a&;qGJí toHk;jyKEdkifaom acgif;pOfrsm;rSm

(1) owif; ^ A[kokwpDrHcefYcGJjcif;?

(2) pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESihf MCS?

(3) w&m;Oya' ^ tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&mrS tm;jznhfay;rSK?

(4) vl\t&nftaoG;wdk;wufzGHYNzdK;a&;/

vufawGUobmusaom tvkyfpDrHcsufwpfck a&;qGJcsrSwfEdkif&ef þar;cGef;udkar;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/

þvkyfief;BuD;wpfck pDNyD;ajrmufatmifaqmif&Guf&ef t&if;tjrpfrsm; (vlom;ESihf aiGt&if;tjrpf 2-ckvHk;)

trSefwu,f tvHktavmuf &Sdygovm;?/

þtvkyfpDrHcsufudk ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&;Xmeu taumiftxnfazmfcsrSwf&ef vdktyfonf/

tb,faMumihfqdkaomf þvkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifvkyfaqmif&eftwGuf ,if;XmerS0efxrf;rsm;ESihf t&if;tjrpfrsm;

(aiG? ypönf;) trsm;qHk; yg0ifvdrhfrnf jzpfaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ tjcm;tzGJUrsm;uvkyfudkif&ef vdktyfaom

oD;oefYvkyfief;rsm;&Sdygu ,if;wdkYtaejzihf pDrHcsuf a&;qGJ&mwGif yg0if&efvdktyfonf/ tvkyfpDrHcsufwGif

vkyfief;tcsdefpm&if;ESihf &Sif;vif;aom twdkif;twmtwGif; wm0efrsm; yg0ifoihfonf/

tajccHvkyfief;pDrHcsufyHkpH

• EAFM Plan wGif yg0ifaom pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;tm;vHk;twGuf bmvkyf&rnf? b,fol?

b,ftcsdefvkyf&rnfudk pOf;pm;qHk;jzwfyg/ Matrix yHkpHwpfckwGif bmvJ? b,folvJ? b,fawmhvJ?

b,frSmvJ? acgif;pOfwdkYudk aumfvHtvdkuf owfrSwfjcif;onf aumif;aomenf; (ud&d,m)

jzpfonf/

• aqmif&Guf&rnhf rwlnDaom ig;vkyfief; vkyfief;pOftpdwftydkif;wdkY (Oyrm - urf;eD;? urf;a0? EEZ

oD;oefYpD;yGm;a&;ZkeftwGif;? ork'´&mjyifponf) tay:rlwnfí vkyfaqmifcsuf wdkYudk cGJjcm;&ef

vdktyfonf/ xdktpdwftydkif; (ae&m) wGif vkyfudkifaom tzGJUrsm;ESihf wdkifyifaqG;aEG;&mwGif

rsm;pGmuGmjcm;jcif; &SdEdkifojzihf rwlnDaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfonf/

• tvkyfpDrHcsufjzpfpOfwGif rnfonhfae&mwGif tajymif;tvJvkyf&ef vdktyfonfudk &Sif;vif;pGm

azmfxkwfowfrSwfoihfonf/ (Oyrm - Oya'taumifxnfazmf csrSwfjcif;? jyKjyifjcif;?

pnf;urf;vdkifpif? rl0g'rsm;jyifjcif;)/ þodkYvdktyfygu tcsdefpm&if;jzihf azmfjy&rnf/

• ig;vkyfief;Xme\ twdkif;wmjyify odkYr[kwf w&m;pD&ifcGihf jyifywGifjzpfysufonhf vkyfaqmifcsuf

rsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwf&ef vdktyfonf/ þtajctaersdK;wGif tjcm;tpkd;&Xmersm;udk rdrdwkdY

ajz&Sif;&rnhf udpötwGuf wdkifyifaqG;aEG; oihfonf/ tpdk;&Xmersm;ESihfywfoufaom

jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;a&;onf rsm;aomtm;jzihf tEÅ&m,f&Sdwwfojzihf txl;owdxm;&efvdktyfNyD;

,if;XmewdkY\ OD;aqmifrSK? taxmuftyHhjzihf aqmif&Gufoihfonf/

• vkyf&rnhfvkyfief;pOftm;vHk;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfNyD;aemuf OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guf&efudpö ESihf

tcsdefumvowfrSwfcsuf udpöwdkYudk oufqdkif&mvkyfief; ^ pDrHcefYcGJrSKXmewdkYu aqmif&Guf&rnf/

3/ qufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[m

qufoG,fa&;wGif atmufyg (2) ckwdkY yg0ifonf/ EAFM pDrHcsuf&vm'fudk rdrdOD;wnf owfrSwf xm;aom

y&dowfESihf rQa0jcif;ESihf EAFM wdk;wuf&efpDrHcefYcGJrSK tavhusihfrsm;udk vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm

aqmif&Gufrnhfenf;vrf;rsm; &SmazGjcif;wdkY jzpfMuonf/ qufoG,fa&; r[mAsL[mwpfckwGif &vm'frsm;udk

tusdK;aMumif;nDñ GwfpGmESihf r[mAsL[muspGm rQa0onhf pepfudk &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyay;onf/

Startup B wGif yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESihf ueOD;awGUqHkwdkifyifjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ EAFM

jzpfpOf (vkyfief;pOf) udk taumiftxnfazmfonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk a'ocHtqihfwGif

today;taMumif;Mum;jcif;onf tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ txl;ojzihf pDrHcefYcGJrSKpepf\ t&Sdeft[kefESihf

w&m;0ifrSKudk qufxdef;&efESihf pepf\vkyfudkifEdkifpGrf; (Oyrm - oihfavsmaom tajymif;tvJ vkyfEdkifpGrf;) udk

qufxdef;&ef jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh a'ocHrsm;tay:tajccHaom ig;vkyfief;wpfckwGif þudpörSm tvGef

ta&;BuD;onf/ tjiif;yGm;zG,f&m vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tay: tpdk;&u yg0ifudkifwG,fap&ef aqmif&Guf&mwGif

ta&;ygaom EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf wdkuf½dkufaqG;aEG;&ef rsm;aom tm;jzihf vdktyfonf/ tpD&ifcHpm

rsm;jzihf wifjy&efoufouf r[kwfyg/


• ig;vkyfief;udk b,folodoihfovJ? bmaMumihfvJ? olwdkYu ig;vkyfief;ESihf ywfoufwJhudp ö

tm;vHk;tay: pdwf0ifpm;Muovm;?/ odkYr[kwf udpötcsdKUay:rSmom pdwf0ifpm; Muovm;??

• rwlnDaom yGJMunhfy&dwfowf (jynfol) twGuf b,fqufoG,fa&; yHkpHu oihfavsmfovm;?/

(Oyrm - pepfwustpD&ifcHpm? tpD&ifcHpmowif;? Website ponf)?

• yg0ifwufa&mufol wpfrsdK;pDtwGuf qufoG,frSKtBudrf (BudrfESKef;) b,favmufjzpf oihfovJ??

• tpD&ifcHpmrSm bmygoihfovJ? atmifjrifrSK? qHk;½SHK;rSKowif;? wdk;wufrSK? ydwfqdkYrSK? jyóemrsm;ESihf

tajzrsm;? ,ckESihfaemiftem*wftjrpfrsm;?

• yGJMunhfy&dowfqDrS bmwkHUjyefrSKvmr,fxifovJ ? • tpD&ifcHpmawG&JUoufa&mufrSKudkd b,fvdkarQmfrSef;ovJ ? toÓd PfA[kokwwkd; apjcif;?

tzGJUtpnf;awG&JUwkYHjyefrSK ??

• tpD&ifcHpmrsm;rS b,fvdkwkHYjyefrSK&rvJ ?/

qufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[mwpfckwGif atmufygwdkYyg0ifonf-

• twGif;? tjyif? yg0ifwufa&mufol (jynfolrsm;) trsdK;rsdK; jcm;em;csufudk cGJjcrf; pdwfjzmjcif;?

,if;wdkY\ o½kyfvu©Pmrsm;ESihf OD;pm;ay;yg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;?

• yg0ifwufa&mufol tkyfpkwpfckpDtwGuf &vm'ftajzudk rnfodkY? rnfonhfae&mwGif xkwfjyefí

rnfonhf rD'D,mESifh yHkpHudkoHk;rnhftpDpOf? rnfokdYcsOf;uyfí rnfonhftcsdK;yHkpHjzihf xkwfjyefrnf?

• &vm'fudk &Sif;vif;pGmxkwfjyef&mwGif oD;oefYyg0ifwufa&mufol tkyfpkwpfck pdwf0ifpm;

aprnhfowif;? ½kyfyHkrsm;? Oyrmrsm;? yHkjyifrsm;?

• OD;wnfyg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;twGuf owif;rsm;? wifjyrSKyHkpHrsm;udk xkwfjyefrnfh tcsdef umv/

qufoG,frSKr[mAsL[mwpfcktwGuf jzpfEdkifonhfacgif;pOfrsm;

(1) qufoG,frSK&nfrSef;csufrsm;?

(2) ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;rS yg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;?

(3) owif; (owif;ydkYjcif;)?

(4) rD'D,mESihfyHkpH?

(5) yk*¾dKvf vlt&if;tjrpfrsm;?

(6) qufoG,fESD;EG,fr[mAsL[m/

rD'D,mESihfowif;ay;rSKyHkpHwGif atmufygwdkYyg0ifonf

tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;? tvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;? owif;aqmif;yg;rsm;? Web pages rsm;? e-mail, tpD&ifcHpm

owif;? tajctaeazmfjyaom tpD&ifcHpmrsm;? vlrSKa&;rD'D,mrsm;? jynfolYqufqHa&; PR ypönf;rsm;

(pm&Gufpmwrf;? "mwfyHk? CD ponf)? a'o\ pmwwfajrmufESKef;tay: tajccHpOf;pm;½Hkru vlrSKa&;t&?

½dk;&m,Ofaus;rSKt& vufcHEdkifaom udpöudkvnf; pOf;pm;yg/ tcsdKU yg0ifwufa&mufolrsm;rSm tjcm; yg0if

wufa&mufolrsm;xuf xdawGU&efvG,fonfudk owdjyKyg/ yg0ifwufa&mufoltm;vHk;udk vdktyfonfrsm;ay;yg

(pm;p&m? wnf;cdkp&m)? (tmPmr&Sdolrsm;? pmrwwfolrsm;? pmwwfajrmufrSK tqihfedrfholrsm;? ajymydkifcGihf

r&olrsm; tyg0if) vkyfudkif&ef enf;pepftwGuf Tool n. 36 udkMunhfyg/

þr[mAsL[m tpdwftydkif;i,frsm;udk pkpnf;NyD;onhfaemuf qufoG,fa&; r[mAsL[m twGuf

vdktyfrnhftcsdef? vlESihfaiGaMu;t&if;tjrpfudk cefYrSef;Edkifonf/ (Z,m;-15.1)

Z,m; 15.1 / tajccHqufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[myHkpH

OD;wnf

yg0ifwufa&mufol

qufoG,fa&;enf;vrf;

(b,fvdk? b,fae&m)

t"duay;rnhf

owif;rsm;

tcsdef

owfrSwfcsuf

EAFM pDrHcsufacgif;pOf (10) atmufwGif qufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[m csdwfqufyHk udkxnhfoGif;Edkifonf

FMU XXXX twGuf EAFM pDrHcsuf

10 / qufoG,frSK

qufoG,frSKr[mAsL[m

tajctaetrSefudkppfaq;jcif; (2)

Module 16


• EAFM pDrHcsuf taumifxnfazmfrSK tajctaeudkppfaq;&ef/

• taumiftxnfazmfrSKonf EAFM \ rlrsm;ESihfudkufnDrSK &Sd r&Sd

xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef/

• vuf&SdwGif ywf0ef;usiftm; taxmufuljyKrSk &Sd-r&Sdtm; vufawGUuspGm

ppfaq;&ef

• FMU yef;wdkifrsm;odkYa&muf&Sd&ef uefYowfcsufrsm;? tcGihftvrf;rsm;udk

jyefvnfoHk;oyf&ef/

oifcef;pmtay:jcHKiHkoHk;oyfcsuf

þoifcef;pmwGif 'kwd,ajrmuftajctaerSefppfaq;jcif; (Reality check II) udk tusOf;csKH; azmfjy

xm;ygonf/ þppfaq;jcif;wGif ,cifwifjycJhaom EAFM rlrsm;tjyif taxmufuljyKywf0ef;usifESihf

ywfoufaom vufawGUusonfh udpö&yfrsm;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;xm;onf/ atmufygwdkY vdktyfaMumif;udk

ta&;ay;azmfjyonfh jyóemrsm;onf xda&mufaom Oya'rlabmif? xda&mufaom Oya'pnf;urf;

vdkufemrSKESihf pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;rSK? wnf&Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESihfyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSK enf;vrf;rsm;?

oihfavsmfaompau;(twdkif;twm)? ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk usGrf;usifpGmaqmif&GufEdkifaom tzGJUpnf;rsm;ESihf

vHkavmufrSk&Sdonfh vlOD;a&&Sda&;vdktyfouJhodkh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm; ESihfaiGaMu; t&if;tjrpfrsm;wdkYvnf; vdktyf

rnfjzpfygonf/ azmfjyygtcsufrsm;r&Sdygu EAFM pDrHcsufudk jyefvnfjyifqif&ef (odkY) tm;enf;csufrsm;udk

jyefvnfrSefuefwnhfrwf&efvdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/

ed'gef;

EAFM taumiftxnfazmfa&;udpöonf pDrHcsufESihfoabmwlxm;aom vkyfief;rsm;tay: rlwnfí

xda&mufaomtaumiftxnfazmfrSk&&Sda&; tkyfcsKyfa&;udpörsm;ESihf atmifjrifpGm vkyfudkifEdkifrSkrsm;ponfwdkrS

yHkazmfay;ygonf/ EAFM \ vkyfief;pOfwpfpdwfwpfydkif;tjzpf rl(7)rsdK;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;í aumif;rGefaom

tkyfcsKyfrSK\tpdwftydkif;rsm; udkazmfjyxm;ygonf/ tqifh-at (Startup A) wGif tjcm;tzGJYrsm;ESihf

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf tpdk;&Xmeqdkif&mtqihfrsm;udk tav;ay;azmfjyí Reality check I wGif FMU \

tajccHrsm;udk aqG;aEG;xm;onf/ tqifh-bD (Startup B) wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJa&; udk

t"duazmfjyxm;ygonf/ oifcef;pm-12 tqifh 2.2 (Module 11 step 2.2) wGif EAFM jyóemrsm;udk

OD;pm;ay;vkyfudkifazmfjy&mwGif tkyfcsKyfrSK jyórsm;udkvnf; azmfxkwfowfrSwfxm;ygonf/ þtcef;wGif EAFM

taumifxnfazmfEdkifa&;twGuf ta&;BuD;aom tpdwftydkif;(tcsuf)tm;vHk;onf ae&mrSefodkYa&muf&SdrSk

&Sd r&Sd tay: od&SdEdkif&ef reality check (tajctaerSefppfaq;jcif;)jzihf ppfaq; azmfxkwf&rnfjzpfygonf/

Z,m; 16.1/ vufawGUusonfh EAFM qdkif&mOya'orsm;

1/ aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfa&; r[kwf wpfpdwf

wpfydkif;[kwf [kwf

jynhfpHkvHkavmufaom w&m;Oya'abmif&Sdygovm;?

xda&mufrSk&SdonfhOya'pnf;urf;vdkufemusifhoHk;rSKESihf

Oya'tmPmoufa&mufrSkqdkif&mtpDtrHrsm;pepfwus

&Sdygovm;/

xda&mufaom pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifedkif&ef Oya'? rl0g'?

enf;ynm pDrHcefYcGJrSkqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESihf pDpOfaqmif

&GufrSKrsm; vHkavmufpGmcsrSwfxm;ygovm;/

2/ qDavsmfrSk&SdonfhowfrSwfpHeSkef;

pDrHcefYcGJa&;onfoihfavsmfaoma*[pepfqdkif&m?vl om;

qdkif&mESihftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m owfrSwfpHeSkef; ponf wdkY ESihf

udkufnDrSk&Sdygovm;/

3/ yg0ifaqmif&GufrSKudkwdk;jr§ihfaqmif&Gufjcif;

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif qufpyfig;vkyfief;&yfeSD; eG,fol rsm;ESihf

twlvkyfaqmifrSk&Sdygovm;/

4/ trsdk;rsdk;aom&nf&G,fcsufxm;&Sdjcif;

pDrHcefYcGJrSKjyK&mwGif rwlnDaom&nf&G,fcsufrsm; tm; xnhf

oGif;pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfjyD; tay;t,l enf;vrf;jzifh

&&SdonfhoabmwlnDcsuf&&Sdatmifvkyfaqmifygovm;/

5/ ñSdESdKif;jcif;ESihfyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;

Oya'?rl0g'? enf;ynmpDrHcefYcGJrSkqdkif&mtzGJU tpnf;rsm; ESihf

o,H Zmw t&if;tjrpfxkwf,loHk;pGJolrsm; eSifh csdwfquf

zGJUpnf; aqmif&Gufygovm;/

6/ vdkufavsmnDaxGrSK&SdaponfY pDrHcefrGJrSK

pDrHcefYcGJrSKpepftm; vufawGUvkyfaqmifaejcif;jzifh avh vmrSk

jyKvkyfjcif;eSifhtajctaeudkufnDap&efvdkuf avsmnDaxGrSk

&Sd&ef vkyfaqmifygovm;/ apmihfMuyfjcif;ESihf tuJjzwf jcif;

&vm'fudk today;NyD;NyD;vm;/ ,if;&vm'f tay:tajccHí

pDrHcsufESihf jzpfvmaompDrHcefY cGJrSKwdkY udkjyifaeNyd;vm;/

7/ MudKwifaqmif&Gufonfhenf;vrf;

tcsuftvufESihf owif;rjynhfpHkaomfvnf; pDrHcefYcGJrSK

pwifaqmif&GufrSK jyKaeNyD;vm;

ra&&mraocsmrSK ydkrsm;onfhtajctaewGif pDrHcefY

cGJrSK vkyf aqmifcsufrsm;onf ydkí a&S;&dk;pGJ qefaeygovm;/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ ar;cGef;rsm;tm; Oya'o (7) csufudk udkufnDrSK&Sd r&Sd vkyfaqmif&ef/

u/ Oya'o (&) csuf ESifYywfoufNyD; tajctaerSefppfaq;jcif;

1/ tkyfcsKyfrSK

jynfhpHkvHkavmufrSK &SdonfY Oya'rlabmif

EdkifiHwumtqihfwGif EAFM twGuftcsufrsm;onf tvG,fwul oabmwlcsufrsm; atmufyg rsm;wGif

yg0ifonf/

- ywf0ef;usifESihfzGHUNzdK;rSKtay: Rio aMujimpmwrf;? Rio de Janeiro , 1992

- ywf0ef;usifESihfzGHUNzdK;rSKtay: UN uGefz&ifh Agenda 21, Rio de Janeiro, 1992

- FAO \wm0efodig;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf vdkufem&efpnf;urf;rsm;? a&mr? 1995

- yifv,fjyifESihf urf;&dk;wef; ZD0rsdK;pHkrsdK;uGJtay: *sumwm ñ TefMum;csuf? Jakarta, 1995

- yifv,fa*[aA'pepfwGif; wm0efodig;vkyfief;twGuf a&*smApfaMujimpmwrf;? Reykjavik, 2001

wif;MuyfaomOya'enf;yg;rSKaMumihf ig;vkyfief;tzGJUrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf rScsrSwfxm;onfh rl0g'rsm;ESihf

Oya' rsm;wGif EAFM enf;vrf;&yfeSifhywfoufjyD; &Sif;vif;aomtao;pdwf azmfjyrSk tm;enf;rSk&SdaMumif;

awGU&Sd&aomfvnf; odkYaomf,cktcgwGif ajymif;vJvkyfaqmifvmMuNyD;jzpfygonf/ tm&S-ypdzdwfa'oEdkifiH

awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif EAFM odkYr[kwf yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk Oya'rlabmifrsm;jzifh [efYwm;xm;jcif;r&Sdyg/

xdkodkY[efYwm;rSk r&Sdonhftjyif EdkifiHawmfawmfrsm;wGif A[dkcsKyfudkifrSKr&Sdaom rl0g'ESihfOya'rsm;onf EAFM

zGHNzdK;wdk;wufa&;KESihf yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk taxmufuljyKaprnfjzpfygonf/

a&&SnfwGif EAFM taejzihf wnfqJOya'rsm;? tavhtusihfrsm;onf ig;vkyfief;tay: oufa&muf

ywfoufrSK&SdyguvdktyfovdkjyKjyif&efpOf;pm;&rnf/ tem*wfwGif u@ toD;oD; tjyeftvSefESD;EG,frSKrsm;udk

xdef;ausmif;&ef tajccHOya'pnf;urf;rsm;cs&ef vdktyfvdrhfrnf/ (Oyrm- urf;ajca'ozGHUNzdK;rSKudk xdef;csKyfaom

Oya'rsm;)/

pDrHcsufrsm;? oabmwlnDcsufrsm;? tqdkjyKvkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;udk Oya't& jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;?

twnfjyKjcif;rsm;onf pDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJUtwGuf taumiftxnf azmfvkyfudkif&eftwGuf ta&;BuD;aom

vkyf&yfjzpfonf/ xdktzGJUtaejzihf a'oqdkif&m^jrLeDpDy,fqdkif&m^wdkif; a'oqdkif&m? EdkifiHawmfqdkif&m?

EdkifiHwumqdkif&mtqihftxd tm½HkjyKoihfonf/ þtzGJU (pDrHcefYcGJa&;tzGJU) onf EdkifiHwpfck a'owpfck

twGuf oD;oefY? Oya'ESihfwuGtrdefY'D*&Drsm;^ enf;Oya'rsm;? ½H k;trdefYrsm;? t&eftufOya'rsm;wdkYudk

azmfxkwfcsrSwfoihfonf/ (owdjyK&efrSm tajctaetawmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif ig;vkyfief;XmeESihf ywf0ef;usif

XmewdkYwGif uspfvspfcdkifrmaom Oya'? 'D*&D? enf;Oya'? ½Hk;trdefYponfwdkY tpHktvif&SdcsifrS&Sdrnf)/

þtcef;tqHk;wGif azmfjyaom FAO legal databases Web link udkrSDjirf;yg/

Oya'rsm;ESihf ig;vkyfief;pDrHcsufrsm;udk a&;qGJjcif;onf tajccHtcGihfta&;ESihf qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfjcif;udk

w&m;0ifjzpfapaom atmufajctajccHOya'tay: rSDwnfonf/ a'ocHrsm;u pDrHcsufudk pwif

taumifxnfazmfjcif;onf xda&mufaoma'ocH pDrHcefYcGJa&;pDrHcsufrsm;udk &&Sdaponf/ odkY&mwGif

,if;pDrHcsufwdkYudk w&m;0ifjzpfap&efESihf ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom pDrHcsuf abmiftwGif; xnhfoGif;&efta&;BuD;onf/

xdkodkYrvkyfygu a'ocHvkyfudkifcGihftmPmESihf a'ocHpDrHcefYcGJrSKpepf\ jyifyrSvmum pGrf;tifrsm; (jyóemrsm;)

u pDrHcsufudk tm;avsmh xdcdkufaponf/

EAFM pDrHcsufudk taumifazmf&mwGif u@toD;oD;wdkY yg0ifojzihf (xdku@ toD;oD; onfvnf;

rdrdwdkYqdkif&mwm0ef&SdMuonf/ Oyrm - ig;vkyfief;Xme? c&D;oGm; vkyfief; Xme) FMU ESihf ywfoufaom

Oya'rsm;onf ig;vkyfief; Oya'wpfckrQomruyJ tjcm;Oya'rsm;vnf; yg0ifvdrhfrnf/ ywf0ef;usif

XmewpfckonfomvQif rsm;aomtm;jzihf u@pHkwdkY yg0if wm0ef,l&onf/

yHk. 16.1/ EAFM ESihf wdkuf½dkufywfoufrnhf Oya'rsm; yg&SdEdkifonhfu@rsm;? ywf0ef;usif a&;&mXmeESihf

ywf0ef;usifa&;&mOya'rsm;onf u@tm;vHk;ESihf ywfoufaeonf udkowdjyK&ef

tu,fí pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;topfrsm; odkYr[kwf jyefjyifxm;aom pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm; &&Sdvmygu

odkYr[kwf Oya'abmifrsm;udk jyif&efvdktyfvmygu (Oyrm - ig;vkyfief; tufOya') rlMurf;a&;qGJonhf

jzpfpOfwGif tjcm;Xmersm;rS &&SdaomOyrmaumif;rsm;\ tultnDudk,ljcif;? Oya'ynm&Sifrsm;xHrS tultnD

&,ljcif;wdkYudk aqmif&Guf&rnf/ rlMurf;a&;qGJ NyD;aemuf jyefvnfoHk;oyfonhfudp öwGif ygvDref (vTwfawmf)

odkYr[kwf tpdk;&xHrS w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyK&ef vdktyfavh&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumihf EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;?

tBuHay;yk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh oD;oefY wdkifyif aqG;aEG;&ef vdktyfvdrfYrnf/ ajymif;vJvkdaom tcsufrsm;twGuf

yg0ifywfoufolrsm; xHrS axmufcHcsuf &&SdNyD;qdkygu tpdk;&\ todrSwfjyK oabmwlnDrSK&&ef aocsmap

ygonf/

vuf&Sd Oya'wGif jynfhpHkrSKr&Sdjcif;aMumihf EAFM vkyfief;pOfpwifazmfaqmif&ef twm; tqD;

rjzpfoihfyg/ ig;vkyfief;jyóemrsm;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfEdkifNyDqdkygu

rl0g'ESihfOya'udkajymif;vJ&efvdktyfonfqdkonfhtcsufrSm odomxif &Sm;vmaprnfjzpfygonf/ EAFM

vkyfief;pOfu xdef;ausmif;ay;jcif;jzihf pDrHcefYcGJrSKpepftm; ydkíwHkYjyefaqmif&GufrSkjyKapedkifrnfjzpfjyD; ydkí

xda&mufrSk &Sdaprnfjzpfygonf/

Oya'abmifudk ppfaq;&mwGif xyfrHar;oihfaomar;cGef;rsm;

t"duar;cGef;rSm - vuf&SdOya'abmiftwGif; EAFM udk taumifxnfazmfEdkifovm;? wpfenf;tm;jzihf

vuf&SdOya'rsm;onf twm;tqD;? tuefYtowfrSKwpfck jzpfaeygovm;?

tjcm;ar;cGef;rsm;rSm atmufygwdkYjzpfvdrfhrnf/

1/ EdkifiHwumuwdu0wfrsm; yg0ifrSK&Sdygovm;?

2/ vdkufavsm nDñ Gwfaom Oya'rsm;&Sdygovm;? Oyrm - ywf0ef;usifXmeESihf ig;vkyfief;Xme?

EdkifiHawmftqihfESihf wdkif;a'otqihf?

3/ EAFM taumifxnfazmf&ef oD;oefYOya'vdktyfygovm;?

xda&mufaom pnf;urf;vdkufemusifYoHk;rSKESihf (Oya'? tmPm) oufa&mufaprSK (tcef; 14? tqifY 3.3 udk

vnf; Munhfyg)

xda&mufaompnf;urf;vdkufemusifhoHk;rSKonf EAFM udk taxmufuljyKapjyD; tqdkyg vkyfief;&yfwGif

atmufygwdkYyg0ifonf-

• yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;rSwpfqihf vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,folrsm;taejzifh csrSwfxm;onfh pnf;urf; ESihf

Oya'tmPmtm; vkdufemusifhoHk;jcif;/

• oufa&mufrSk&Sdaponfh Oya'tmPmESihf xdef;csKyfrSKenf;pepfrsm;? (Oyrm- vdkifpifrsm;?

ig;zrf;oabFmrSwfyHkwifjcif;)?

• ynmay;vkyfief;(Oyrm-A[kokwwdk;ap&ef?pnf;urf;vdkufemap&ef a&vkyfom;rsm; ESihftwl

vkyfaqmifjcif;)?

• tcsuftvufrsm;pkaqmif;onhfpepf (oabFmqdyf? avSqdyfapmihfMuyfppfaq;jcif;? txdtrd

qdkif&m todtrSwfjyKvufrSwf)?

• qufoG,fa&;pepf (a&'D,dkrsm;? rdkbdkif;w,fvDzkef;rsm;)?

• urf;ajctajccHapmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif; (Oyrm- urf;ajcapmihfonhfpepfrsm;)?

• qdyfurf;ppfaq;jcif;?

• yifv,fjyifuif;vSnhfa&,mOf (EdkifiHawmftqihf? a'ocHtqihfuif;vSnhfjcif;)?

• EdkifiHwumyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSK (Oyrm-a'oqdkif&mig;vkyfief;aumfr&Sif)/

EAFM jzpfpOfESihfywfoufaom tcsufrsm;(tpdwfydkif;)rsm;tm;vHk;uJhodkYyif yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;onf t"du

usygonf/ pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;vkyfief;pOfwGif oufqdkif&mtydkif;tvdkuf yg0ifjcif;jzihf vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,folrsm;

taejzihf tqdkjyKxm;aompDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;udk udk,fydkiftvkyfuJhokdY oabmxm;vmNyD; pnf;urf;udkvnf;

ydkrdkvdkufemvmMurnfjzpfygonf/ tcsdKUudpörsm;wGif tqdkygyg0ifywfoufolrsm; taejzihf pnf;urf;

xdef;odrf;a&; udpöwGifyg yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkif rnfjzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif olwdkY\ tcef;u@ESihf wm0efrsm;ESihf

ywfoufí owdxm;vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfygonf/

pnf;urf;vdkufemapa&;pDrHaqmif&Guf&efESihf taumifxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&eftwGuf qufpyfXmersm;

yl;aygif;yg0ifEdkifrnhf enf;pepfwpfckwnfaxmif&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;jzihf pnf;urf; vdkufem

apa&; tmPmudk&&SdapNyD;? pnf;urf;vdkufema&; pDrHcsufrsm;a&;qGJ&ef ñ§dESdKif;aqmif&Gufay;onf/ yl;aygif;

yg0ifjcif;aMumihf aumif;rGefaom qufoG,fa&;enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf yGihfvif;jrifomrSKenf;vrf;rsm;? vdktyfcsuf

rsm;udkjznhfqnf; ay;EdkifNyD; t*wdvdkufpm;rSkqkdif&mjyóemrsm;tm;ajz&Sif;ay;Edkifrnfjzpfygonf/ ig;zrf;vkyf

ief;ESihf ig;vkyfief;qufpyfvkyfudkifaom vkyfief;rsm;rS owif;ESihfA[kokwtodynmrsm;tm; yl;aygif;

aqmif&GufonfhtzGJUrsm;tcsif;csif;twGif; zvS,frSkjykEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ yl;aygif; yg0ifvkyfudkifrSKudk pwif

vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef ig;vkyfief;ESihfqdkifaom t"duusonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS tBuD;tuJrsm; pnf;a0;jyD;

,if;wdkY\yg0ifaqG;aeG;rSkrsm;udk tuJjzwf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJa&;tzGJUwpfzGJUpDwGif vl(10)OD;

odkYr[kwf (10)OD;xuf enf;onfhta&twGufyg0ifedkifjyD; tqdkygta&twGufonf yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrSkjyK&efoifh

awmfrSk&Sdonfht&G,ftpm;jzpfygonf/

OD;aqmif&rnhftzGJU(Xme)rSm ig;vkyfief;OD;pD;XmerSvkyfaqmif&efjzpfedkifajcrsm;jyD; pnf;urf;vdkufemjcif;\

a&&Snf yef;wdkifrSm ig;zrf;onhfa'ocHrsm;? ig;ukefacsmxkwfvkyfolrsm;? ig;vkyfief; (w&m;0ifESihf ½dk;&m

ig;vkyfief;)ESihfywfoufaom Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;ukd pdwfygvufyg vdkufemvmap&ef tm;ay;oihfonf/

þudp öatmifjrifap&ef FMU \ wGJzufrsm;taejzihf pnf;urf;vdkufema&; a,bl,stjrifrsm;? jyjyóemrsm;udk FMU tm;&SmazGazmfxkwfay;&efvdktyfonf/ xkdYtjyif tqihftrsdK;rsdK;wGif&Sdaeaom pnf;urf; vdkufemapa&;

pepfrsm; (Oyrm-ppfaq;ol? apmihfMuyfaxmufvSrf;onhf tcsuftvuf? ½dk;&murf;ajcapmihfpepfponf) wdkYudk

azmfxkwfowfrSwfí ydkíxda&mufpGm toHk;cs&efjzpfygonf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifrSKpepfudk c½d kiftqihf? t"du

qdyfurf;rsm;ESihf ig;wifonhf qdyfurf;rsm;wGifwnfaxmifxm;&Sd&rnfjzpfygonf/ pnf;urf;vdkufema&; yl;aygif;

aqmif &GufrSKwGif atmufygt"du tzGJUtpnf;rsm;(Xmersm;)yg0ifrnf-

- EdkdifiHtqihf ^ wdkdif;a'otqifh ^ c½ dkiftqifh ig;vkyfief;Xmersm;ESihf ywf0ef;usif a&;&m Xmersm;?

- a'ocHtBuD;tuJrsm;?

- NGO (tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUrsm;)?

- a&wyf?

- urf;ajcapmihfwyf?

- yk*¾vduu@ (a&vkyfom;rsm;? ukefonfrsm;? ig;ukefMurf;^ukefacsmjyKjyifrGrf;rH olrsm;)?

- yifv,fjyifqdkif&m &JwyfzGJY?

- yifv,fa&aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&;

yl;aygif;yg0ifonhftzGJUrsm;taejzihf rdrdoufqdkif&mpnf;urf; vdkufemapa&;twGuf ta&;BuD;ydkifqdkifrSK

ypönf; (Oyrm-oabFm^avSrsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;? a&aMumif;tEÅ&m,fuif;a0;a&; tawGUtBuHK? IT owif;^

enf;ynm) rsm;tm;xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jyD; tiftm;awmihfwif;aom pnf;urf;vdkufemapa&;uGef,uf (network)

wpfckudk wnfaxmifEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ ydkifqdkifrSKypönf;rsm; zvS,ftoHk;jyKa&;udpöudk yl;wGJaqmif&GufrSK

oabmwlnDcsufudk azmfjy&rnf/ þyl;aygif;tzGJUtaejzihf 'kwd,yl;aygif;tzGJU(Oyrm-tpdk;&Xmersm;? EdkifiHawmf

tqihf wdkif;a'otqihf c½dkiftqihfESihf tvSL&Sifrsm;)xHrS tultnD&&Sd&efvdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/

pnf;urf;vdkufemusifYoHk;apa&; tpDtpOfrsm;udkppfaq;&mwGif aemufxyfar;cGef;rsm;

1/ vuf&Sdig;vkyfief;ESihf ywf0ef;usif pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;ESihf pnf;urf;vdkufema&;? tpDtpOf rsm;rSm

bmvJ? ,if;wdkYudk ydkítm;aumif;atmif tm;jznhfay;Edkifovm;?

2/ ig;vkyfief;ESihf ywf0ef;usifpnf;urf;vdkufema&;pepf (2) ck udkufnDtqifajy ovm;?

3/ ig;vkyfief;&yfESD;EG,folrsm;taejzihf pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif apmihfMuyf Munhf½SK

&mwGif yg0ifMujcif;jzihf rdrdudk,fwdkifpnf;urf;vdkufema&;odkY OD;wnf aeygovm;?

xda&mufaom pDrHcefYcGJrSKtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESihf tpDtpOfrsm;

EAFM taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKXmersm;ESihf ig;vkyfief;odyÜHqdkif&m tajccH

taqmufttHkrsm;\ aqmif&GufEdkifrSKpGrf;tm;ESihf zGJUpnf;yHktm; xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfygonf/ rsm;pGmaom

zGYHNzdK;qJEdkifiHrsm;\ ig;vkyfief;Xmersm;wGif ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKXm ecGJwpfck Xmepk vkyfief;tzGJU ponfjzifh

zGJUpnf;xm;rSkr&SdMuojzihf tzGJUtpnf; wpfcktaeeSifh wnf&Sdonf[k ,lqír&yg/ ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJa&; ,lepf

rsm;udk zGHUNzdK;NyD;EdkifiHrsm;wGif ydkíawGUEdkifí orydkif;a'oig;rsdK;pdwftenf;i,fudk pDrHcefYcGJonhftvkyfrSm yHkrSef

tvkyfjzpfygonf/ tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk vQyfwjyufcGJjcrf;avhvmEdkif&ef Tool n. 22 udk oHk;yg u

vuf&SdtzGJUtpnf;(EdkifiHwum)rsm;\ tajccHtaqmufttHkESihf vkyfief;rsm;udk avhvmEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/

ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJjyKedkifa&; tcgtm;avsmfpGm vlwdkh\pGrf;aqmif&nfudkjr§ihfay;&ef(oifwef;ay;&ef) ESihf tajccH

taqmufttHkzGHUNzdK;a&; aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/

EAFM taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf FAO rSaqmif&Gufonfenf;vrf;rSm vuf&SdwnfqJ pDrHcefYcGJrSK

jzpfpOfESihf tajccHtaqmufttHkay:rlwnfí wnfaqmuf&efjzpfygonf/ tb,faMumihfqkdaomf ,if;wdkYonf

a'otajctaetay:tajccHxm;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD;? tpm;xdk; &efr[kwfyJ vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm ajymif;vJjyKjyif

,la&;jzpfonf/ vuf&SdwnfqJ tajccHtaqmufttHkESihfjzpfpOfwdkY\ oabmobm0onf EAFM

taumiftxnfazmfrSK tusdK;aus;Zl;ESihf ukefusp&dwftay: oufa&mufapvdrhfrnfjzpfNyD;? tcsdefumv

tay:wGif vnf; tusdK;oufa&mufrSk&Sdaprnfjzpfygonf/

EAFM pDrHcefYcGJrSkenf;vrf;tm;a&G;cs,f&mwGif vlom;b0om,m0ajyma&;? a*[pepf aumif;rGefa&;ESihf

aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfjcif; ponhfe,fy,foHk;&yfudkajz&Sif;vdkonhf EdkifiHa&;pdwf"mwf(ckdifrmaompdwf"mwf)

&Sd&rnf[krSwf,l&rnfjzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif yuwdjzpf&yfrSefjzpfaom tpdk;&Xmersm;wGif rl0g'qdkif&m

tqihfjrihf&mxl;tajymif;tvJjrefjcif;ESihf wkdawmif;aom EdkifiHa&;oufwrf;wdkYaMumihf pDrHcefYcGJa&;udk a*[pepf

tajcjyKenf;vrf; a&&Snftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufa&;tay: tuefYtowfjyKaprnf jzpfygonf/

a&&Snfyg0ifaqmif&Gufa&; vdktyfcsufudk EAFM wGif tav;xm;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ a&wdkvkyfief; tpDtpOfESihf

oHk;ESpfpDrHudef;ESihf bwf*sufrsm;txd yg0ifygonf/

vlom;t&if;tjrpfrsm;onf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfcsufwpfckjzpfí vlYt&if;tjrpf jyóemrsm;wGif t&nftcsif;

edrfhusrSK (pGrf;&nfr&SdrSK)ESihf tpdk;&Xmersm;wGif tawGUtMuHK&Sdonfh usGrf;usif0efxrf;rsm; Mum&Snf

vkyfaqmifedkifrSkr&Sdjcif;onf tcuftcJwpfcktaejzifhyg0ifvsSuf&Sdyg onf/

ig;vkyfief;Xmersm;taejzihf vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,folrsm;ESihf yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif&mwGif ueOD;awGUqHk

aqG;aEG;jcif;? pdefac:rSkrsm;tm;ajz&Sif;jcif;ESihf vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,folrsm;\ jyóemrsm; (Oyrm- vkyfief;&yf

eSD;eG,folrsm;udk,fwdkif yl;aygif;aqG;aEG;jcif;udk ajz&Sif;jcif;wdkYrSm vkyfaqmifavhr&Sdonfh vkyfief;&yftm;

vkyfaqmifjcif;ESihfwlygonf/ þtajymif;tvJrsm;eSifh ywfoufjyD; vufawGUtaxmuful jyKEdkif&ef

oifwef;ay;jcif;? t&nftaoG;jr§ihfwifjcif; ponfhvkyfief;&yfrsm;vkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/ (tcef;

8 ESifY 9? People Tool 1-8)/

xda&mufaom pDrHcefYcGJa&;tzGJUBuD;rsm;ESihf tpDtpOfrsm;tay: aemufxyfar;cGef;rsm;

1/ ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJ&eftwGuf b,folESihf bmuwm0ef&SdovJ?/ þudpöwGif pDrHcefYcGJa&;udk

wpfOD;csif;tvkyftukdif\ tpdwftydkif;wpfcktjzpf owfrSwf&ef odkYr[kwf ig;vkyfief;udk pDrHcefYcGJ&ef

tzGJUwpfckrS yl;aygif;vkyfudkif&ef/

2/ OD;aqmifonhf ig;vkyfief;Xmetaejzihf pDrHcefYcGJa&;twGuf aeom;wus taqmufttkHwpfck

&SdaeNyD;vm; (qdkvdkonfrSm pDrHcefUcGJa&;,lepfwpfck&dSNyD;vm;) xdk,lepf 0efxrf;rsm;onf ig;vkyfief;

pDrHcefYcGJa&;twGuf wm0ef&Sdolrsm;jzpfonf/

2/ qDavQmfrSK&SdonfY owfrSwfpHESKef;

qDavQmfrSK&SdonfY a*[pepf? vlom;ESihftkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&m owfrSwfpHESKef;

EAFM wGif\ tqifh(1) step 1wGif FMU \ (EAFM azmfaqmif&ef) e,fajrtydkif;tjcm; owfrSwfpHeSkef; ESihf

e,fedrdwfowfrSwfcsuf rsm;udk oabmwlnDxm;MuNyD;jzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif EAFM udk a*[pepfrsm;\

oabmobm0t& tqihfvdkufzGJUpnf;jcif;udk xif[yfonfh (yx0D0iftaetxm;t&) e,fajrtydkif;tjcm;

owfrSwfpHeSkef; (spatial scale) ESihf tcsdeftydkif;tjcm;owfrSwfpHeSkef; (temporal scale) wdkY\abmiftwGif;wGifom

taumif t xnfazmf&rnfjzpfygonf/ (Oyrm BuDrm;aom tPÖ0gaA'pepfrsm; (large Marine Ecosystem,

LMEs) jzpfaom ta&SUtm&SrS awmifw&kwfyifv,frS ao;i,faom jrpf0a'orsm;? Oyrm? zdvpfydkifEdkifiHrS San

Miguel Bay) þoif&dk;ta&SUydkif;wGif (Scaling jyóemrsm;udk tcef; 4? EAFM \ Oya'orsm;ESifY

tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; wGif az:jycJhNyD;jzpfonf)/ owfrSwfpHeSkef;jrSifhwifjcif; (Scaling up) ESihf owfrSwfpHeSkef;

avsmhcsjcif; (Scaling down) wkdYrSm jyóemtppftrSef jzpfMuojzihf ,if;wdkYudk xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&ef

vdktyfrnfjzpfyg onf/

a*[aA'pepfwdkYonf cdkifrmpGm wGJzufywfoufaeMuaomaMumifh a*[aA'pepfwpfck odkY r[kwf

tjcm;wpfck&Sd tpdwftydkif;wpf&yfonf FMU \ jyifywGifwnf&Sdaernf/ xdkYaMumifh EAFM aqmif&Guf&mwGif

rsm;aomtm;jzihf Scaling up udk aqmif&Guf&efvdkonf/ odkYr[kwf tpGef;tzsm;rsm;udk tenf;qHk; xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;&efvdkonf/ FMU wGif ig;vkyfief;\ tjcm;tpdwfydkif;rsm;\oufa&mufrIrsm; (Oyrm -pD;yGm;jzpf

tBuD;pm;ig;zrf;vkyfief;) udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;r&Sdyg/ ti,fpm;ig;vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJa&;udkvG,fulpGm

xdcdkufapEdkifonf/ rsm;tm;jzihf EAFM udkvufawGYususpwifEdkif&ef twefoifhao;i,faom a&SUajy;

owfrSwfpHeSkef; (Oyrm-ao;i,faom urf;ajcta'ocHtzGJUpnf;) tjzpf owfrSwfjyD; pwifaqmif&Guf

&rnfjzpfygonf/ xdkYaemuf aemufwpfqifh (tusdK;aMumif; qDavsmfaomaemufwpfqifh) taejzihf Scale up

vkyfí tpkta0;rsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;oifh ygonf/ Oyrm-yifv,fauGUwpfckvHk;wGif yg0ifaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;/

Oyrmwpfckudk zdvpfydkifEdkifiHwGif aqmif&GufcJhaom FISH ya&m*sufwGif az:jyxm;onf/ tcef; 4? EAFM \

Oya'orsm;ESifY tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;, Section 2).

EAFM twGufpdefac:csufrsm;teuf wpfckrSmtpdk;&tqifhwpfck (c&dkif? wdkif;ponf)pDwGif&Sdaom

urf;&dk;wef;ESihf ig;vkyfief;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;(|mersm;)\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf wpfzGJUESihfwpfzGJU nDnGwf

tqifajyapa&;twGuf enf;vrf;az:xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYjyif oabmwlxm;cJhMuaom EAFM yef;wdkifrsm;ESihf

rl0g'rsm;(Oya'orsm;)ESihf udkufnD&rnfjzpfygonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf EkdifiHawmftqihf pDrHcsufESihfrl0g' yef;wkdif

rsm;onf a'ocHtpdk;&\vufawGUyef;wdkifrsm; taumiftxnf az:a&;ESifh uGm[avh&Sdygonf/ xdkYaMumifh

EdkifiHawmftqihfrS a'otqifhtxd worwf wnf;nDnGwfaom enf;vrf;xm;&Sd&efvdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/

xdkYtwl rl0g'ESihf pDrHcefYcGJrI&nfrSef;csufrsm; udkufnDtqifajyapa&;twGuf tvHk;pHkyg0ifaom vkyfief;abmif

wpfck csrSwf&efta&;BuD;onf/ a*[aA'pepf\ twkdif;wmpau;ESihf udkufnDaom? a*[pepf ESihf

oufqdkifaomudpörsm;udkapmifhMuyfMunfh&SK&ef tpDpOfESihfudkufnDaom oufqdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrI tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh

udkufnDaom pDrHcefYcGJa&; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;onf a*[pepf &nf;rSef;csufrsm; ydkíatmifjrifpGm aqmif&Guf&ef

tvm;vm&Sdaprnfjzpfygonf/

a*[aA'pepfpDrHcefYcGJ&ef owfrSwfpHeSkef;trsdK;rsdK;tay:rlwnfjyD; tvdkufoifhjzpfapa&;rSm tcsdef,l

&rnfjzpfojzihf xyfwvJvJaqmif&Guf&rnfh EAFM enf;vrf;qdkif&m puf0ef;\ yxrtqifhNyD;ajrmufEkdifrnf

r[kwfyg/ tcsdKUaomudpörsm;wGif qDavsmfrSkr&Sdonfh owfrSwfpHeSkef;rsm;\ FMU ay:oufa&mufrIrsdK;udk

trSefwu,f taumiftxnfaz:oifhonfh tqifh? apmifhMuyfMunfh&SKonfhtqifhESihf qef;ppf tuJjzwfonfh

tqifhodkYa&mufrSom odjrifEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ (Steps 3 and 4) ? aemufwpfBudrf vkyfaqmifcsuf (next

iteration)rS pDrHcsufudktqifajyatmif ajymif;vJjyKjyif,ljcif;jzihf wdk;wufrI&&SdEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ (Step 5)/

EAFM pDrHcsufudk oifhavsmfrSK&SdonfY owfrSwfpHESKef; yg0ifjcif;&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;&efaemufxyf ar;cGef;rsm;

EAFM twGuf yef;wdkifrsm;ESihf &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk od&Sd&if0,fydkufvsufar;&ef-

1/ FMU \ e,fedrdwfrsm; ydkus,fjyefYaom a*[aA'pepf e,fedrdwfrsm; rnfodkYrnfyHk qufpyf

oenf;/

2/ FMU onf a*[aA'pepf wpfpdwfwpfydkif;udkom vTrf;jcHKygu e,fedrdwfrsm; jzwfausmf

pDrHcefYcGJa&;ESihf udkufnDaomtpDtpOfrsm; tqifhoihf&Sdaeygovm;/

3/ yl;aygif;yg0ifrSK wdk;jrifYjcif;

yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;/

owdjyK&ef/ ]]yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;qdkonfrSm a'ot&if;tjrpfudk oHk;pGJoltzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&? tjcm;yg0if

ywfoufolrsm;ESihf jyifytzGJUrsm;wdkYu ig;vkyfief; pDrHcefYcGJrItwGuf wm0efESifh tmPmudk rQa0Muaom yl;aygif;

tpDpOfwpfckjzpfonf/ xkdYodkY aqmif&Guf&mwGif tmPmcGJa0rIudk tqifhtrsdK;rsdK;wGif aqmif&GufMuonf/

yuwdtjzpfrSefudkppfaq;&eftwGuf atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udkar;&ef tcsdeftcgaumif;jzpfonf/

1/ oifhavsmfonfY owfrSwfpHESKef;wGif yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIonf FMU ESihf qufpyfygovm;/

2/ a'ocHtzGJUrsm;udk tmPmtyfESif;xm;ygovm;/

3/ xda&mufaom yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJrIqdkif&m zGJYpnf;wnfaqmufrSK tjzpf&Sdygovm;/

4/ wlnDrQwaom yg0ifaqmif&GufrIrsdK; &Sdygovm;/ (usm; ^ r? qif;&J ^ csrf;om)

5/ y#dyu© pDrHcefYcGJa&;twGuf xda&mufaom pepfwpfck vuf&SdwGif &Sdygovm;/

ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,folrsm;ESihf ig;zrf;onfha'ocHrsm;ESihftwl tvkyfvkyfonfhtcgwGif txl;ta&;BuD;

aom tcsufwpfckrSm olwdkYtm;tmPmtyfESif;xm;jcif;&Sd ^r&Sdjzpfonf/ þudpöwGif A[kokw? todOmPf?

twwfynm? tzGJYtpnf;wGif aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;&nf wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;jzpfonf/ odkYrSom yg0ifywfoufolrsm;

taejzihf vkyfudkif&ef tmPm&SdNyD; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csEdkifrnf/ yg0ifywfoufolrsm;taejzihf qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESihf

&v'frsm;udk ydkifqdkifEdkifaomtajctae (qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csEdkifaom?&v'frsm;ay:wm0ef,lEdkifaom tajc

tae) &Sd&efvdktyfNyD; wm0ef,lvkyfudkifEdkif&efvdktyfonf/ tmPmtyfESif;jcif;onf pdwftm; xufoefrIudk

wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;ESihf xdkpdwftm;xufoefrI a&&SnfwnfwefYa&;udk wGef;tm; ay;aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfygonf/

a'ocHrsm;zGHUNzdK;a&;qdkonfrSm MuD;xGm;jcif;ESihf zGHUNzdK;jcif;wdkY\ twGif;jzpfpOf (internal Process) wpfckjzpfNyD;

,if;udkatmufygtcsufrsm;u wdk;jr§ifhay;Edkifonf/ (1) owif; tcsuftvufrsm;jzefYa0jcif;? (2)oifwef;

ay;jcif;/ (3) jyifytzGJU (yk*¾dKvf) rsm;u tusdK;aqmif aqmif&Gufay;jcif;ESihf q&mvkyf tMuHay;jcif;ESihf (4)

uGef,ufjzihfquf oG,fay;jcif;/ EAFM \ueOD;tqifhrsm;wGif az:jycsuftcsdKU odkYr[kwf tm;vHk;udk

aqmif&Guf oifhygonf/ a'ocHyl;aygif;rIESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf&eftwGufjzpfonf/

a'ocHrsm;udk toifhtaetxm;jzpfap&ef pnf;½kH;aqmif&Gufjcif;

EAFM wGifa'ocHwdkY\ wm&Snfaom? pdwftm;xufoefaom yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufrI vdktyfrnf

jzpfygonf/ FMU ESihfqufEG,faom? wdkuf½dkufywfoufaom a'ocHrsm;udk toifhtaexm;jzpfap&ef

pkpnf;NyD;ygovm;/ atmufazmfjyyg vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf a'ocHrsm;pnf;½k H;pkpnf;jcif;tm; pwif&efESihf

EAFM vkyfief;pOfwGifvuf&Sdtkyfpkrsm; yl;aygif;yg0ifrItm; wdk;jr§ifhaqmif&Guf&eftwGufjzpfygonf/

• ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mynmay;rSkaqmif&Gufjcif;?

• vlrIa&;qdkif&mqufqHrSkaqmif&Gufjcif;?

• r[mrdwfzGJUjcif;eSifh uGef,ufrsm;wnfaqmufjcif;

• a&&SnfwnfwHhrSk&SdonfhtzGJUtpnf;jzpfatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;?

• vlom;pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhwifaqmif&Gufjcif;?

tao;pdwftwGuf Tools n.9, 10 & 19 udk rSDjirf;&ef/

4/ &nf&nfcsufrsm;

rwlnDonfY&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifY tay;t,lvkyfjcif;jzifY &&SdonfY oabmwlnDcsufrsm;/

EAFM onf a*[aA'? vlom;ESihftkyfcsKyfrIwdkY\ a&&SnfwnfwefYaom zGYHNzdK;jcif;wdkY yg0ifojzihf rwlnDaom

pDrHcefYcGJrI&nfrSef;csufrsm; jzpfay:avh&Sdonf/ Oyrm �

• a*[pepfqdkif&m&nf&G,fcsuf- ig;zrf;qD;a&;tm;xkwfrIudk avsmhcs&efESihf ig;zrf;avS avsmhcs&ef/

• pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m&nf&G,fcsuf - a&vkyfom;rsm;ESihf a&vkyfief; taxmufuljyK pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;

pD;yGm;a&; wGufacsydkudkufatmif ydkwdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmif&ef

• vlom;qdkif&m&nf&G,fcsuf - tvkyftudkifydkrdk&&Sda&;vkyfaqmif&ef

• tkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&m&nf&G,fcsuf- aiGaMu;? yp önf;tulnDwdk;ay;&ef

txufygyxr&nfrSef;csuf (2)ckrSm tqifajyrSk&Sdap&ef ,SOfwGJaqmif&GufoifhjyD; ig;zrf; oGif;tm;pk

avsmhjcif;\&vm'fonf wefzdk;jrifhig;rsm; txdtrd ydkrdkvmap&eftwGufjzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif tvkyftudkif

ydkrdk&&Sda&;twGuf jzpfvmrnfr[kwfyg/ þudpörsdK;wGif Mum;0ifa&mufaqmif&GufrI vdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/

Oyrmtm;jzihf þpDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfaqmifcsufaMumifh xdcdkufepfemoGm;ol (tvkyfjyKwfoGm;ol)wdkYtwGuf tpm;xdk;

toufarG; 0rf; aMumif;rsm; zefwD;ay;jcif;/ ig;zrf;qD;a&; tm;xkwfrIavsmhcsjcif;ESihf ig;zrf;avS avsmhcs

jcif;aMumifh tjrwftpGef;&&Sdolrsm; (winners) ESifh qHk;½I H;epfemolrsm; (losers) jzpfay: vm Edkifyg onf/ odkY&mwGif

þodkY aomtajctaersdk;onf tjrJwrf;jzpfay:edkifrnfr[kwfyg/ qHk;½IH;epfemolrsm;? ig;zrf;cGifhqHk;½IH;aom

tcgrsdK;wGifavsmfaMu;wpfenf;enf;ay;jcif;? tjcm;aomtvkyftudkif&&Sda&;twGuf aqmif&Gufay;jcif;wdkYrSm

ydkíta&;BuD;aom udp öjzpf&yf taejzifhyg0ifvmygonf/

EAFM oif½dk;wpfavQmufvHk; tav;xm;az:jycJhouJhodkY rnfonfht&mrS oD;jcm;jzpf ay:vmjcif;r[kwfyg/

xdkYaMumifh tay;t,lvkyfjcif;jzihf vdkvm;tyfaom &nfrSef;csufrsm; txajrmufatmifjrifrSk&&Sd&ef pDrHcefYcGJa&;

pepfrsm;vdkuf csrSwfaqmif&Guf&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ ig;vkyfief;uJhodkY t&if;tjrpf tuefYtowf&Sdaom

vkyfief;wpfcktaejzihf atmufygwdkYudk tjrJwrf;&&SdEdkifrnfr[kwfyg/ (1) usef;rmoefpGrf;aomig;tkyfpkrsm;

(tajcaeaumif;aom ig;tkyfpkrsm;)? (2) oefY&Sif;aumif;rGefaom a*[pepf? (3) wuf<u atmifjrifaom

pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm;? (4)tjynfht0 tvkyftudkif&&SdMujcif; wdkYjzpfonf/ tay:rSvmaom rl0g'rsm;u

txufyg (4) csufESihfywfoufí rnfodkYyif qdkapumrl ,if; (4) csufudk wpfcsdefwnf; tjrJwrf; &&SdEdkifrnf

r[kwfyg/

bufpHk&nfrSef;csufrsm;twkdif; aqmif&Gufonf? raqmif&Gufonfudk ppfaq;&efaemufxyf ar;cGef;rsm;

(1) EAFM pDrHcsufwGif FMU twGuf az:xkwfowfrSwfxm;aom txl;OD;pm;ay; jyóemrsm;

yg0ifygovm;/

(2) tm;NydKifaeMuaom &nfrSef;csufrsm;tMum; tay;t,lvkyfajz&Sif;jcif; udpörsdK;udk xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm; ygovm;/ oabmwlxm;Muygovm;/

5/ nd§EIdif;jcif;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;/

o,HZmwt&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifY Oya'? rl0g'? enf;ynm pDrHcefYcGJrSKqdkif&m tzGJYtpnf;rsm; (Institutions) csdwfqufzGJYpnf;jcif;/

þoif½dk;wpfavQmufvHk;wGif tav;ay;az:jyxm;cJhonfh tcsufrSm EAFM taumiftxnfaz: &mwGif

ig;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf ywf0ef;usiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;Mum; nd§EdIif;jcif;? wdkifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;? yl;aygif; yg0ifjcif;? xdkYjyif

tjcm;u@rsm;ESihfvnf;yl;aygif;qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;rsm; vkdtyfrnfjzpfygonf/ xdkem;vnfrIrSwpfqihf

tjyeftvSefqufqHrI\ (tEkwfvu©Pm) tm;enf;csufESihftwl tkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf tm;om;csuf

(taygif;vu©Pm) jzpfapaom tjyeftvSefqufqHrIwdkYudk rD;armif;xdk; az:jyaprnfjzpfygonf/ (Institutions)

rsm;onf w&m;Oya'jyKa&; tvTmaygif;pHkESihf vlYtzGJUpnf; (society) tvTmtoD;oD;wGif oufqdkif&m

vkyfief;&yfrsm;tm; aqmif&GufMuygonf/ þtzGJUtpnf;MuD;rsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh csdwfqufaeMuNyD;

qufoG,frIuGef,ufrsm;wGif yg0ifMuygonf/ ydkrdknd§EdIif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf

qufoG,fjcif;ESihf qufoG,fjcif;rS wpfqifhtkyfcsKyfrItm; ydkrdkwkd;wufaumif;rGefaprnfjzpfjyD; EAFM qdkif&m

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;eSifh vdkufavsmnDaxGpGmaqmif &Gufedkifrnfjzpfygonf/ EAFM tm; Oya'? rl0g'? enf;ynm

pDrHcefYcGJa&;qdkif&mtzGJUt pnf;rsm;qdkif&m vdkufavsmnDaxGaprnfh udpö&yftm;xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&mwGif

txufaz:jyyg tzGJUtpnf;wdkY\ tjyeftvSefqufpyfrI od&Sdem;vnfjcif;onf ta&;BuD;ygonf/ tb,f

aMumifh qdkaomf atmifjrifaomjyKjyifajymif;vJrIwpfcktwGuf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;pepf trSefwu,frnfodkY

jzpfysuf vkyfaqmifaeonfudk od&Sdem;vnf&efvdktyfouJhodkY rnfonhftcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef

vkdtyfonfudkvnf; od&Sdem;vnf&efvdktyfygonf/

urÇmwpf0Srf;wGif ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI a&;enf;vrf;rsm;taeeSifh tpdk;&csrSwfxm;onfh pepfwpfckwdkY

rnfodkYrnfyHk qDavsmfrSk&SdaMumif;azmfjyonfh pHerlemrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ EdkifiHaygif; rsm;pGmESihfa'orsm;pGmwGif

ig;vkyfief;rsm;pDrHcefYcGJrIonf EdkifiHawmf\wm0efjzpfaeNyD; ig;vkyfief;0efBuD;|me tjzpfaomfvnf;aumif;?

v,f,mpdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;0efBuD;|me\ tpdwftydkif; wpfcktaejzifhvnf;aumif;&SdMuygonf/ tcsdkKYaom

EdkifiHrsm;wGif ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrIonf wdkif; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhu wm0ef,laqmif&Gufavh&Sdygonf/

Oyrm-zdvpfydkifedkifiH wGifig;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf urf;&dk;wef;a'oxdef;odrf;jcif;wdkYudk a'otqifhodkdYr[kwf udk,fydkif

tkyfcsKyfaomjrLeDpDy,ftqifhrSwm0ef,laqmif&GufMuygonf/ ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrI (odkYr[kwf tenf;qHk;

taejzihf pDrHcefYcGJonfhtvkyf) udk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;e,fy,fodkYr[kwf a'otqifhe,fy,fodkY wm0efvTJ

ay;onfjzpfap? rvTJay;onfjzpfap? tpdk;&taejzihf yg0ifndSEIdif;í rl0g'csrSwfonfhtqifhu@wGif

yg0if&rnfjzpfygonf/ txl;ojzifh EAFM wGif ta&;ygaom u@wpfckrSm tpdk;&|mersm;tMum; (odkYr[kwf)

tpdk;&rsm;tMum; csdwfqufaqmif&Gufa&;jzpfygonf/ Oyrm-ig;arG;jrLa&;? a&wGifpdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;rS oabFm

c&D;pOfvkyfief; rS c&D;oGm;vkyfief;rS pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfrsm; ponfwdkYyg0ifygonf/

tzGJUtpnf;BuD;rsm;tMum; tjyeftvSefqufoG,frI jrifhrm;vmrIaMumifh wuf<uaomajymif;vJrI

yHkpHrsm;jzpfay:apEdkifygonf/ pepfwpfck\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckrS ajymif;vJrIrsm;onf ,if;pepf\ tjcm;

tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk oufa&mufEdkifNyD; csdefcGifvQmnD&ef jyefn§ dEIdif;rItm; taxmufjyKaprnfjzpfygonf/ xdkYtwl

pepf\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckrS ao;i,faomajymif;vJrIonf pepfwpfckvHk;tay: a&&SnfpkjyHK oufa&mufrIrsm;

tm;jzpfay:apEdkifygonf/Oyrmtm;jzifh qHk; jzwfcsufcsrSwf&rnfh vkyfief;pOfwGif vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,folrsm;

yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;tm; wdk;jr§ihfcGifhjyKvkdufygu pDrHcefYcGJonfh tzGJUtpnf;pepfudkyg ajymif;vJ&ef vkdtyfvmrnf

jzpfygonf/ vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,folrsm;yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;tm; w&m;0iftjzpf todtrSwfjyK&rnfjzpfyg onf/

taumif;qHk;pHjytaejzifh vkyfaqmif&efrSm cdkifrmaomig;vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJa&;qdkif&mzGJU pnf;yHktm;

wnfaxmifoifhNyD; twefoifhBuD;rm;aompau;tjzpf a'oyifv,frsm;? odkYr[kwf BuD;rm;aom tPÖ0ga*[

aA'pepf (Oyrm-b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfa'otBuD;pm; tPÖ0ga*[pepf)wdkY yg0if&rnfjzpfygonf/ þenf;jzifh

bufpHkpDrHcefYcGJrI pDrHcsufrsm;udk a'oqdkif&mtMuHay;aumifpD\ tultnDjzihf a&;qGJMuNyD; xdkpDrHcsufrsm;udk

A[dkcsKyfudkifonfh rl0g'csrSwfa&;wGiftajccHtjzpfxm;&Sd&rnfjzpfygonf/ þa'oBuD;rsm;udk urf;a0;a&jyif

pD;yGm;a&;oD;oefYZkH (EEZ) tjzpf ydkif;jcm;Edkifygonf/ tu,fíoifhavsmfygu a'otqifhtxd ydkif;jcm;

&rnfjzpfygonf/ Oyrma'owGif;&Sd c½d kifNrdKUe,frsm;odkY pDrHcefYcGJa&;udk vTJay;&efjzpfygonf/ vuf&SdwnfqJ LME

yHkpHonf vuf&Sdwnf&SdaeaompepftwGuf obm0e,fedrdwfuJhodkY jzpfaeavh&Sdygonf/ LME pDrHudef;rsm;

aqmif&Guf&mwGif a'oESifh a'ocHyg0ifywfoufolrsm;Mum; vdktyfaomcsdwfqufrIrsm; wnfaxmif&efESihf

txuf azmfjyyg pHjyyHkpHrsdK;a&muf&Sdatmif OD;wnf aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfygonf/

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? nd§EIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifhqufoG,faqmif&Gufjcif;

qufpyftzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh t&if;tjrpfoHk;pGJoltkyfpkrsm;tMum; xdkYtzGJYtoD;oD; tcsif;csif; Mum;wGif

nd§EIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf qufoG,faqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYrSm pDrHcsufa&;qGJonfhumv (Step

1-3) wGifomrutaumiftxnfaz:onfhumv (Step 4) wGifyg vdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/ þudpöwGif

vkyfydkifcGifhESihf wm0efrsm;udk &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyxm;jcif;? tpdk;&|meESihf tjcm;toHk;jyKolrsm;tMum; ydkrkd

nd§EIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? pkpnf;jcif;ESihf yg0ifywfoufoltkyfpkrsm;tMum; ydkrdkwm0ef,laqmif&GufrIwdkY yg0if

ygonf/ þrl0g't& vkyfief;vnfywfa&; nd§EdIif;rIrsdK;rS tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &&SdMuonf[k qdkMuygonf/

odkY&mwGif þaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;aMumifh ukefusp&dwfudkvnf; qef;ppftuJjzwf&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/

tzGJYtpnf;BuD;rsm;Mum; nd§EIdif;rI&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;&eftwGuf aemufxyfar;cGef;rsm;

1/ pDrHcefYcGJrIwm0efESihf ywfoufonfh tjiif;yGm;rIwpfckckudk ajz&Sif;cJhMu NyD;vm;/ tzGJUtpnf;

BuD;rsm;onf aygif;pnf;pkpnf;onfhyHkpHjzihf twlwuG tvkyfvkyfae Muygovm;/

6/ vkdufavsmnDaxG &SdonfY pDrHcefYcGJrI/

avhvmoif,ljcif;ESifh vdkufavQmnDaxGrSK&Sdap&ef jyKvkyfjcif;/

txufwGif tav;ay;azmfjycJhouJhodkY vdkufavsmnDaxG jyKvG,fjyifvG,faom pDrHcefYcGJa&; csOf;uyfrIrsdK;

wpfck&,l&ef txl;ta&;BuD;onf/ þodkYjzpfap&ef t"duaomhcsufwpfckrSm aumif;rGefaom apmifhMunfh

ppfaq;jcif;eSifh tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;- M & E pepfwpf&yfxm;&Sd&ef vdktyfrnfjzpfygonf/ pDrHcefYcGJrI

&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf ywfoufaom xda&mufrSk&Sdonfh tnTef;rsm; pHcsdefpHnTef;rsm; csrSwfa&;udpöudk tcef; 13?

tqifY 3.1 ESifY 3.2 wGif xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;xm;ygonf/ þt&mrsm;udk M & E pepfxJxnfhoGif;jcif;tm;

aemufvmrnfh tcef; (tcef; 17? tqifY 5.1) wGifaqG;aEG;xm;ygonf/ pDrHcefYcGJrI\ vkyfaqmifcsufudk

ajc&mcHEdkifNyD; vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&mrS &&Sdonfh oifcef;pmrsm;tay:tajccHí vdkufavsmnDaxGrSk&Sdap&ef

jyKjyifEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/ rnfonfhpDrHcefYcGJrIrsdK;rS wpfcsdefvHk;rSefuefwnfhrwfpGm oGm;aernfr[kwfyg/ vlwdkY\

tjyKtrlt& az:jyonfrSm rnfonfhpnf;urf;? pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk csrSwfxm;onfjzpfapumrl a&vkyfom;rsm;ESihf

ig;vkyfief; &yfeSD;eG,folrsm;u a&SmifvTJ&rnfh enf;vrf;rsm;tm; awGY&Sdedkifaprnfjzpfygonf/ rlvpDrHcsuf

umvwGif BudKwifrjrifxm; aomrarQmfvifhonfh aemufqufwGJjyóemrsm;vnf; &SdvmEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/

þtcsuf rsm;udk todrSwfjyKí vdktyfovdkaqmuf&GufEdkiforQ umvywfvHk; a&&Snfxdcdkuf epfem rnfht&m

r&SdEdkifyg/

7/ BudKwifaqmif&GufonfYenf;vrf;/

tcsufvufowif;rsm; rjynfhpHkaomfvnf; pDrHcefYcGJrIudkpwifjcif;/

Mudkwifaqmif&Gufonfhenf;vrf;\ qdkvdkcsuft& owif;tcsuftvuf rjynfhpHkrIonf pDrHcefYcGJa&;

vkyfief;rsm; aESmufaES;tcsdefqGJ&ef taMumif;jycsufwpfckr[kwfyg/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh tvkyfwpfckpwif&ef

pOf;pm;onfhtcgwGif pDrHcefYcGJrnfhypfrSwf(yef;wdkif)twdusudk odrnfr[kwfyg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pDrHcefYcGJ&rnfh

tvkyfrSm ig;zrf;avSavsmhcsa&;jzpfaomfvnf; toifhavsmfqkH;xm;&rnfhavSta&twGufukdrodyg/ odkY&mwGif

od&Sd&onfht&mwpfckrSm tvGefeufeJvGef;vSaomig;rsm;udk tvGef;rsm;vGef;vSaom ig;zrf;avSrsm;uvkdufvH

zrf;qD; aeMujcif;jzpfygonf/ ig;zrf;avSrsm;avsmhcs&efrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmMumjrifhapedkifygonf/ xkdYaMumifh

avSavsmhcsonfhumvwGif owif;tcsuftvufrsm;pGmudk pkaqmif;Ekdifrnfh avSta&twGuf enf;oGm;

onfESifhtrQ toifhavsmfqHk;&Sd&rnfh avSta&twGufrSm ydkí&Sif;vif;vmaprnfjzpfygonf/

qHk;&SHK;ESdKifajctm; qefYusifNyD; pDrHcefYcGJrSKqdkif&m vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;/

MudKwifaqmif&Gufonfhenf;vrf;wGif owfrSwfxm;&SdcsufrSm ydkrdkraocsmonfh tajctaewGif pDrHcefYcGJ

a&;onf ydkrdkorm;&dk;uspDrHcefYcGJa&; (qdkvdkonfrSm qHk;&SHk;edkifajctm;ydkrkd qefYusifjcif;)odkY OD;wnfapygonf/

Oyrmtm;jzifh tu,fí tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeaom ig;aeig;xdkiftay: ig;zrf;ud&d,m wpfck\ oufa&muf

rIudk trSefwu,frodygu xdef;xdef;odrf;odrf;csOf;uyfrItaejzifh xdkig;zrf;u&d,mukd uefYowf&vdrfhrnf

jzpfygonf/ xdkig;aeig;xkdiftay: trSefwu,fxdckdufaprnfh twdkif;twm ra&mufEkdifonftxd uefYowfrSk

jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfygonf/ þpDrHcefYcGJrIudk jyefvnfr&kyfodrf;rD xkdig;zrf;ud&d,monf ig;aeig;xdkifudk

rxdcdkufaMumif; oufaojy&ef vdktyfaprnfjzpfygonf/

c/ ywf0ef;usiftm;taxmufuljyKapjcif;/

EAFM pDrHcsufwpfckudk taumiftxnfaz:&mwGif atmifjrifrI&&Sdap&ef ywf0ef;usiftm; taxmuf

tuljyKay;&rnfjzpfygonf/ ta&;BuD;aom ar;cGef;rsm;rSm �

1/ EAFM twGuf t&if;tjrpf (vl? ypönf;ud&d,m? oifwef;) tvHktavmuf &Sdygovm;/

2/ aiGaMu;axmufyHhrItvHktavmuf&Sdygovm;/

3/ jyKjyifvG,faompDrHcefYcGJrIudk taxmufuljyK&ef tcsuftvuf? owif;rsm;tvkH tavmuf

&Sdyg ovm;/

4/ xda&mufaomqufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[m wpfck&Sdygovm;/

5/ xda&mufaom apmifhMuyfMunfh½Ijcif;ESifh qef;ppftuJjzwf (M & E)pepf wpfck &Sdygovm;/

þta&;BuD;aom tpdwftydkif;tcsufrsm;tm;vHk;udk a&ShwGifaz:jyaqG;aEG;cJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ þtjzpf trSef

ppfaq;jcif;tqifhwGif pDrHcsufonf vufawGUusrus od&eftwGuf txufazmfjyygtcsufrsm;udk prf;oyf&ef

vdktyfonf/

1/ vHkavmufrSK&SdonfY vlYom;t&if;tjrpfESihf tjcm;aom o,HZmw t&if;tjrpfrsm;

EAFM ukd atmifjrifpGmtaumiftazmf&ef vlYom;t&if;tjrpfonf r&Sdrjzpfta&;BuD;aom tcsuf wpfck

jzpfonf/ vlYt&if;tjrpf jyóemrsm;wGif pGrf;&nfrjynfh0jcif;ESihf tpdk;&|meu@wGif aumif;aom 0efxrf;

rsm; Mum&Snfxdef;xm;&ef cufcJjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ pGrf;&nfjr§ifhwifa&; oifwef;ay;jcif;jzihf yg0ifywfoufol

tm;vHk;udk twwfynmESihf tzGJUpnf;qdkif&m pGrf;&nfrsm;udk wdk;wufaprnfjzpfygonf/ ygwfoufolrsm;qdk&mü

a&vkyfom;rsm;? t&if;tjrpf toHk;jyKaom tzGJYpnf;rsm; tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm; yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif

wuf<uaom tcef;wGif yg0ifoltm;vHk;udk qdkvdkonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf pGrf;&nfjr§ifhwifjcif;qdk&mü

&Sif;vif;aom pDrHcsufwpfckESihftwl vkyfief;rsm;udk aocsmpGm pDrHNyD;aqmif&Gufjcif; jzpfonf/

trSeftm;jzihfrl pGrf;&nfjr§ifhwif (oifwef;ay;jcif;) wGif rsm;aomtm;jzihf ydkrdkvufawGU prf;oyf

vkyfaqmifjcif;ESihf oif,ljcif;wdkYyg0ifonf/ þtaMumif;aMumifh Capacity development [laom a0g[m&

(wenf;tm;jzifh pepfwuspkpnf;xm;aom jzpfpOfrsm;jzpfMuonfh BuD;xGm;jcif;ESihfzGYHNzdK;jcif; t"dyÜg,f

oufa&mufaoma0g[m&) onf Capacity building [laom a0g[m&xufydkí oifhavsmfonf/

vlom;wdkY pGrf;&nfjrifYrm;jcif; t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufudk atmufygtwkdif; owfrSwfEdkifygonf/

]]vlwpfOD;csif;tvdkuf? tpkvkduf? tzGJUvdkuf? tzGJYtpnf;tvkduf? vlYtodkif;0ef;tvdkuff? pGrf;&nfukdd

wdk;jr§ifhay;aomjzpfpOfjzpfonf/ pGrf;&nfqkd&mü (1) t"duvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufEdkifjcif;? jyóemrsm;

ajz&Sif;Edkifjcif;? tcsdef&vmonfESihftrQ vdkvm;aom&nfrSef;csufrsm;udk owfrSwfNyD; atmifjrifatmif

aqmif&GufEdkifjcif;ESihf (2) zGHUNzdK;a&; vdktyfcsufrsm;udk od&Sdem;vnfNyD; vkyfudkifjcif;? xdkokdYvkyfudkif&mwGif

us,fjyefYpGmESihf a&&SnfwnfwefYpGm vkyfenf; vkyf[efjzifh vkyfaqmifEdkifjcif;wkdkYjzpfonf/

þt"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufwGif ta&;BuD;aomtcsuf (2) cktm; tav;ay;az:jyxm;ygonf/

(1) pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;jcif;qdkonfrSm t"dutm;jzifh BuD;xGm;jcif;ESihf zGHUNzdK;jcif;wdkY\ twGif;ydkif; jzpfpOfwpfck

jzpfonf/ (2) pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf tm;xkwfrIrsm;onf &vm'f (tajz) &&Sda&; twGuf

OD;wnfoifhygonf/ EAFM abmiftwGif;wGif þtm;xkwfrIrsm;onf EAFM pDrHcsufESihf csdwfqufaom

&vm'f(tajz) tay: tm½Hkpdkufoifhygonf/

pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;\ &nfrSef;csufrSm ukefypönf;wpfckxkwfvkyf&ef odkYr[kwf 0efaqmifrIwpfck ay;&ef

r[kwfyg/ vlwpfOD;csif;tvdkuf? tzGJUpnf;rsm;tvdkuf zGYHNzdK;wdk;wufa&;tm; taxmuftul jyKaprnf

jzpfygonf/ pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;qdkonfrSm rsm;aomtm;jzihf tzGJYtpnf;wpfck\ vkyfaqmifcsuftqifhudk

jr§ifhwif&efjzpfygonf/ Oyrm- tusdK;&SdpGm aqmif&GufEdkifjcif; (tukeftustenf;qHk;jzpfaponf/) xda&mufrI

&Sdjcif; (yef;wdkifrsm; aygufajrmufjcif;)ESihf a&&SnfwnfwefYapEdkifjcif; (wdkuf½dkufywfoufjcif;? vkyfief;

vnfywf&eftwGuf t&if;tjrpfrsm;pkaqmif;&&Sdjcif;)/

odomxif&Sm;onfh tcsufwpfckrSm rwlnDaomyef;wkdif (ypfrSwf)&SdMuaom tkyfpkrsm;twGuf

pGrf;&nfzGYHNzdK;a&;wGifyg0ifaom tcsufrsm;rSm uGJjym;edkifrnfjzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif pDrHcsuftqifhwGif

t&if;tjrpf qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;? ig;zrf;jcif;? a*[pepfavhvmjcif; ponfwdkY vkyfaqmif&ef

]]odyÜ Htwwfynm}} Science Skills (w&m;0ifynmoifMum;a&;rS&aom todOmPfESihf ½dk;&m"avhrS&aom

todOmPf)onf vdktyfygonf/ xdkYtwl yg0ifywfoufolwdkYESihf tusdK;aqmifvkyfudkifaqmif&Gufjcif;?

tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ajz&Sif;jcif;? aphpyfnd§EIdif;aomtwwf? yl;aygif;yg0ifvkyf udkifjcif;wdkYtwGuf ]]vlom;wdkY

twwfynm}} (People Skills) vkdtyfygonf/ EAFM pDrHcsufa&;qGJcsrSwf&mwGif Oya'rsm;od&Sdem;vnf&ef?

a&;qGJ&ef? yg0ifywfoufolwdkYESihftwl pDrHcsufcsrSwf&efponfwkdYyg0ifygonf/ taumiftxnf azmfonfh

tqifhwGif &Sif;vif;wifjyaomtwwfynm? ajymqdkqufqHaom twwfynm (txl; ojzihf a&vkyfom;rsm;?

a&vkyfief;vkyfudkifonfh a'ocHrsm;? rl0g'qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfolrsm;? rD'D,mrSyk*d¾Kvfrsm;ESihf qufqH&mwGif

vdktyfvdrfhrnf/ oddyHÜynm&Sifrsm;taejzihf awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk wifjyajymqdk qufqHa&;enf;vrf;udk

wdk;wufatmif (vlrsm;tvG,fwulem;vnf Edkifatmif)vkyfaqmif&efvdkygonf/ odkYrSom rl0g'csrSwfolrsm;ESihf

tjcm;yg0ifywfouf olrsm;twGuftoHk;0ifrnf (em;vnfrnf)/ MMS twwfynmrsm;udkvnf;

wdk;wufatmif vkyf&ygrnf/ M ESifh E tqifhwGif pDrHcsuft& vkyfaqmifcsufudk qef;ppftuJjzwf&ef

xda&mufaom (t&nftaoG;rDSaom) tcsuftvufrsm;pkaqmif;jcif; ESihfcGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif; wdkYudk vkyfEdkif&ef

vdktyfygonf/

xdkYaMumifh tzGJUtpnf;wpfckodkYr[kwf a'ocHtzGJYwpfck\ tESpfom&pGrf;&nfrsm;wGif atmufygwdkY

yg0ifonf/

• ywf0ef;usif odkYr[kwf a,bl,spepfwpfckvHk;udk t"dyÜg,faz:jcif;ESihf cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;?

• vdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf ^odkYr[kwf t"dujyóemrsm;udk az:xkwf owfrSwfjcif;/

• vdktyfcsufrsm;udk wkefYjyef&efodkYr[kwf jznfhqnf;&ef enf;AsL[mrsm; csrSwfjcif;/

• vkyfief;rsm;tpDtpOfcsrSwfjcif;ESihf taumiftxnfazmfjcif;/

• t&if;tjrpf (vl? aiG? ypönf;) rsm;udk pkpnf;pDrHí xda&mufpGmESihf a&&SnfwnfwefY&ef toHk;csjcif;/

• vkyfaqmifrsm;udk apmifhMuyfMunfh½Ijcif;? wkefYjyefcsuf&&Sd&ef aqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf &nfrSef;csufrsm;

aygufajrmuf&ef vkyfief;pOfudk oifhovdk ajymif;vJjyKjyifjcif;/

• wpfa&GUa&GU ajymif;vJjzpfay:aeaom pdefac:csufrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Edkif&ef todynmESihf twwfynm

topfwdkYudk &,ljcif;

yl;aygif;pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJa&;udpöwGif atmufygtcsufwdkYudk aqmif&GufEdkif&ef a'ocHwdkUpGrf;&nf

vdktyfonf/

• ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYhcGJ&aom t&if;jrpfoHk;pGJolrsm;? tpkrsm;? tzGJUpnf;rsm;? ig;zrf;ol a'ocH

tzGJUpnf;rsm;ESihf a'otpdk;&wdkYonf ydkíaocsmaom pGrf;&nf xufjrufap&ef?

• yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJa&;udp öwGifyg0ifaom a'ocHt&if;jrpfoHk;pGJolrsm;? ,if;tzGJUpnf; acgif;aqmifrsm;?

a'otpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;ESihf 0efxrfrsm;ESifh tjcm;yg0if ywfoufol rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\tcef;u@ESihf

wm0efrsm;udk aocsmayguf aqmif&GufEdkif ap&efESihf

• a'ocHtqihfwGif&Sdaeaom ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKt&nftcsif;udk wdk;jr§ihf&ef/

pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;qdk&mü atmufygwdkYyg0ifonf-

EAFM ESihf yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJa&;qdkwmbmvJudkk od&Sdem;vnfjcif;ESihf rnfodkYpDrHí rnfokdY yg0ifaqmif&Guf

&rnfudkodjcif;/ tjcm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESihf qufoG,fjcif;/ tkyfcsKyfa&; ESihf pD;yGm;a&;udpörsm;wGif

yg0ifjcif;ESihf aphpyfn§ dESKdif;yGJrsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;wdkYonf? pGrf;&nfzGHYNzdK;a&;onf qufvufa½GUaeaom jzpfpOf

wpfckjzpfí vlwpfOD;csif;? tzGJUpnf;wpfckcsif;taejzihf pDrHcefYcGJrSKudk vkyfEdkifaom pGrf;tm;jzpfonf/

tav;ay;ajymqdk&ef vdktyfonhftcsufwpfckrSm vlwpfOD;csif;taejzihf tjcm;olrsm;ESihf todOmPfESifh

pGrf;&nfwlnD&ef rvdktyfyg/ þtaMumif;aMumihfyif yl;aygif;yg0ifaom csOf;uyfrSKonf tvGefpGrf;&nf

jr§ihfrm;&jcif;jzpfonf/ vdktyfaom pGrf;&nftrsdK;rsdK;onf yg0if ywfouf olrsm;twGif; ysHUESHUwnf&Sdaeonf/

rnfolonf rwlnDaom rnfonhf vkyfief;pOf tqihfwGif yg0if&rnfudk qHk;jzwfa&;onf/ pkaygif;pGrf;&nfudk

taumif;qHk; rnfodkY toHk;csa&;wGif ta&;BuD;onf/ yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk;onf vkyfief;tm;vkH; wGif

yg0ifaqmif&Guf&ef rvdkyg/ ao;i,faom oD;oefYtvkyftzJGUi,frsm;udk zGJUpnf;jcif;onf xdef;ausmif;onhf

enf;pepf wpfckjzpfonf/

pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;ESihfywfoufonhf ta&;BuD;tawG;tac:wpfckrSm social capital (vlrSKa&; t&if;tESD;)

jzpfonf/ a'ocHtzGJUpnf; wpfckvHk;qdkonfrSm ,if;a'o&Sd vltm;vHk; pkpkaygif; omru ,if;xufydkonf

qdkonfudk todrSwfjyK&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ vlwdkUonf ESD;EG,fqufoG,fMujcif;jzihf vlrSKa&;vdktyfcsufrsm;

jzpfMuaom tusdK;pD;yGm;wlMuaom tzGJUpnf;? tjyeftvSefwm0ef,lorSK (rvkyfrjzpfwm0ef)? jyKpk

apmihfa&Smufjcif;? pdk;&drfylyefjcif;? tusdK;pD;yGm; (pdwf0ifpm;rSK) ESihf owif;tcsufvuf &&Sdjcif;wdkYudk jznfhqnf;

ay;onf/ txufazmfjyyg tcsufwdkYudk tjyefvSef tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfapaom ]]pH}} ESihf ]]wm0ef}} uGef,ufrsm;[k

,lqEdkifonf/ ]]vlrSKa&;t&if;ESD;}} qdkonfrSm tjyeftvSef qufoG,fvkyfaqmifjcif;rS oif,ljcif;jzpfpOf

wpfckudk&aponf/ þvlrSKa&;t&if;ESD;onf pkaygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; atmifjrifap&ef tvGefta&;BuD;onf/

xdkYjyif vlrSKa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ESihf tzGJUpnf;0ef;usifBuD;yGm;wdk;wufa&;ESifh a&&SnfwnfwHha&;twGuf

ta&;BuD;onf/ azmfjyyg0ef;usifrSmvnf; oihfovdkajymif;vJjyKjyif&ef tqifoihfjzpfaom 0ef;usifrsdK;jzpfonf/

vlrSKa&;uGef,ufonf a&jyifnDvdkufjzpfEdkifonf/ (a'ocHtzGJUrsm;Mum;) þen;fjzihf a'ocHwkdUukd

todtrSwffjyKcH&jcif;? bkH&nfrSef;csuf&Sdjcif;wdkUudk cHpm;&aponf/ vlrSKa&;uGef,ufonf

a'gifvdkufvnf;jzpfEdkifonf/ (tpdk;&rS a'ocHtzGJUpnf;? ,if;rS wpfOD;csif;qDodkY)? þenf;jzihfvkyfEkdifpGrf;ESihf

taxmufulwdkYudk ydkrdk us,fjyefYaponf/ (a'ocHtzGJUpnf; tqifoihfjzpf&efpkpnf;jcif;? r[mrdwfESihf uGef,uf

wnfaxmifjcif;wdkYudk tcef; 9? tpjyKvkyfief; (c) ESifY Tool n. 9 and n. 10 wGif Munhfyg)/

pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;udk jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;u raqmif&GufEdkifyg/ jyifytzGJUtpnf; wpfck taejzihf pGrf;&nf

zGHUNzdK;a&;tGuf tm;ay;ulnDjcif;? owif;ay;jcif;? oifwef;ay;jcif;ESihftjcm;aom axmufyHhrSKrsm; ay;Edkifonf/

odkY&mwGif jyifytzGJUpnf;wpfcktaejzihf tzGJUwpfck\ pGrf;&nf zHGUNzdK;a&; twGuff OD;aqmif&efESihf wm0ef,l&ef

tm;rxkwfoifYyg/ xdktzGJUtpnf;\ pDrHcefUcGJ olrsm;? tzGJU0ifrsm;udk,fwdkif rdrdwdkY\yef;wdkifrsm; owfrSwfjcif;?

qHk;jzwfjcif;wdkYudk vkyf&rnf/ þtzGJUpnf;wGif;uyif OD;aqmifrSK (OD;aqmifol) xGufay: vm&rnfjzpfNyD;?

tzGJU0ifrsm; taejzihfvnf; vdktyfaomtvkyftrsm;pkudk rdrdfwdkUudk,fwdkifvkyfaqmif&rnf jzpfygonf/

pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;qdk&mwGif todOmPf&&Sd&efaqmif&Gufjcif;? xdk&&Sdaom todÓPfudk toHk; csí

wpfOD;csif;ESihf tzGJUpnf;\yef;wdkifa&muf&Sd&ef aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumihf tvkyfvkyf&if;oif,l?

vufawGUprf;oyf&if;oif,ljcif;wdkYonfpGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;\ tonf; ESvHk;yrmta&;BuD;ygonf/

pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf t"duenf;vrf;rsm;wGif atmufygenf;vrf;rsm; yg0ifonf-

- owif;tcsuftvufrsm; us,fjyefUpGmjzefYa0jcif; (tcef; 9? tpjyKvkyfief; (c) , section 6 and

awareness raising Munhf)?

- todynm? twwfynm? tjyKrloabmzGHUNzdK;&ef oifwef;ay;jcif; (Tool n. 9 Munhf)?

- jyifytzGJUtpnf;u tusdK;aqmif&Gufay;jcif;? apmihfMuyfMunhf&SKay;jcif; (tcef; 9? tpjyKvkyfief;

(c) , section 2 Munhfh)/

wlnDaomvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufaeaom tjcm;olrsm;ESihf tcsufvufowif;? tawGUBuHK zvS,f&ef

uGef,ufwnfaxmifjcif;? xdkYtwl tvkyf&HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;? tpnf;ta0;rsm;? a'ocHrsm; ESihf vufawGUusaom

awGUqHkrSKrS pGrf;&nfzGHNzdK;a&;udk &&Sdaprnf jzpfygonf/ ,if;wdkYrS

- wHkUjyefrSK&&Sdrnf/ þenf;jzihftzGJUtpnf;wpfcktwGif; tawGUtBuHKrS oif,ljcif; udk&aponf/ (M&E

Tool n. 38 Munhf)/

pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&; trsdK;tpm;ESihf yrmPwdkYrSm tzGJUtpnf;\ yef;wdkifrsm;ESihf &&SdEdkifaom aiGaMu;

tajctaetay: rlwnfvdrhfrnf/ owif;tcsuftvufay;jcif;? odkYr[kwf wpfBudrf oifwef;ay;jcif;wdkYrSm

vlwpfOD;csif;? wpfzGJUcsif;odkY oufa&mufrnfjzpfaomfvnf; oifwef;om; wpfOD;csif\ tjyKtrltay: Mum&Snf

cHaom ajymif;vJrSKrsdK; &EdkifcJygonf/ xdkoifwef;rsdK;udk jyifytzGJUpnf;wpfcku aqmif&Gufjcif;u rsm;aom

tm;jzihf ydkíxda&mufonf/ odkY&mwGif tukeftus ydkrsm;onf/

pGrf;&nfzGHYNzdK;a&;udk ulnDaom (jzpfEdkifapaom) tcsufrsm;wGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf-

• tajymif;tvJtwGuf ulnDaom (tqifajyaom) jyify ywf0ef;usiftajctaewpfck?

• tajymif;tvJtwGuf OD;aqmifrSKay;&ef ,HkMunfouf0if ^ pdwfygaom xdyfydkif; pDrHcefYcGJ olrsm;?

• &Sif;vif;jywfom;aom &nfrSef;csufrsm;? OD;pm;ay;rSKrsm;?

• tajymif;vJjzpfpOftwGuf ,HkMunfouf0ifNyD;? yg0ifvkyfaqmifaom r&SdrjzpftzGJU0if tajrmuftjrm;?

• tpjyKvkyfudkifjcif;udk owdxm;rdjcif;ESihf oabmaygufem;vnfjcif;?

• yGihfvif;jrifomaomjzpfpOfESihf yGihfvif;jrifomaom qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;?

• pGrf;&nfzGHYNzdK;a&;twGufESihf tajymif;tvJtwGuf vHkavmufaom t&if;tjrpfrsm; (vl? aiG? ypönf;)?

• pGrf;&nfzGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;pOfudk vHkavmufaom pDrHcefYcGJrSK/

vlom;pGrf;&nfudkppfaq;&eft"duar;cGef;rsm;

vlom;pGrf;&nf zGHUNzdK;a&;twdkif;twmESihf tjrifonf qufpufrSK&Sdaom tajctaetay: tvGef

rDwnfonf/ ,if;rSm tzGJUpnf;\ vuf&Sdtwwfynmqdkif&m tajccH? yef;wdkifrsm;ESihf bwf*suftay:

rlwnfonf/ odkU&mwGif vl\pGrf;&nfonf EAFM taumifxnfazmf&ef vdktyfcsufESihfudkufnDrSK &Sd r&Sd

ppfaq;&mwGif taxmufuljyKapEdkifaom a,bl,sar;cGef;rsm; &Sdygonf/

(1) tcsuftvuf jynhfpHkonhftajctaewGifjzpfap? rjynhfpHkonhftajctaewGif jzpfap? EAFM

taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif wm0ef&Sdaom 0efxrf;rsm;onf rsdK;pdwfrsdK;pHk yg0ifaom

ig;vkyfief;rsm; qef;ppftuJjzwf&efESihf pDrHcefYcGJ&eftwGuf oihfavsmfaom tawGUtBuHKESihf

oifwef;tawGUBuHK&SdMuygovm;?/

(2) a*[aA' ½SKa'gihfrSjzpfap? vlrSKa&;½SKa'gihfrSjzpfap? pDrHcefYcGJrSK &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk a*[pepf

wpfckESihf tqifajyap&efvdktyfaom twwfynmrsm;? todynmrsm;udk EAFM

taumiftxnf azmfaeonhf tzGJUtm;oifMum; avhusihfay;cJhjcif; &Sdygovm;?/

(3) trSefwu,f yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&aom jzpfpOfwpfcktwGuf trsm;qHk;tusdK; jzpfxGef; apaom

people skills (vlom;rsm;\ uRrf;usifrSKrsm;) onf taumiftxnfazmfaeaom tzGJUwGif

&Sdaeygovm;?/

odomxif&Sm;onhftcsufrSm trsdK;rsdK;aomt&if;tjrpfrsm;? Oyrm - taqmufttHk? pufud&d,m

wefqmyvm rsm;wdkYrSmvnf; vdktyfonf/ þt&if;tjrpfrsm;onf vHkavmufaom &efyHkaiG&&Sda&;ESihf

eD;pyfpGmcsdwfqufrSK &Sdygonf/

2/ vHkavmufaomaiGaMu;axmufyHhrSK

aiGaMu;b@ma&;ESihfywfoufí ,cifaqG;aEG;wifjycsufwGif EAFM pDrHcsuf wpfck&Sdjcif;onf

aiGt&if;tESD;rsm;udk wHcg;zGihfay;Edkifonf/ ueOD;taumiftxnfazmfonhf tqihfwGif EAFM pDrHcsufudk

ig;vkyfief;ESihf tjcm;tzGJUpnf;rsm;\ t"duvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twdkif; wnhfrwfpGma&;qGJ&efESihf ESpfpOf

bwf*sufyg xnhfoGif;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ þudp öwGif bwf*suf puf0ef;tcsdefumvudk od&Sdem;vnf&ef

todÓPfvdktyfouJhodkY ESpfpOfbwf*sufa&;qGJaom pDrHudef;a&;qGJolrsm;ESihf csdwfquf&efvdktyfonf/

ydkízGHUNzdK;aom EdkifiHtrsm;wGif pDrHcefYcGJa&;ukefusp&dwf (tjynhfpHk odkYr[kwf wpfpdwf wpfydkif;) udk

pDrHcefYcGJrSK\ tusdK;cHpm;&olrsm;u uscHonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf a&vkyfom;rsm;ESihf a&vkyfief;uGif;qif;wavsmuf

yg0ifolrsm;/ þrl0g'udk ,kwÅdaA' (logic) ½SKa'gihft&qdk&vQif pDrHcefYcGJrSKaMumihf a&vkyfom;rsm; ig;0,fol

^a&mif;olrsm;\ 0ifaiGESihf udk,fpdwfcsrf;ajrUjcif; wdk;wufvmygu xdkolrsm; (tusdK;cHpm;&olrsm;) uom

pDrHcefYcGJa&;p&dwfudk uscHonf/ trsm;jynfolrsm;uscH&efroihfyg/ þp&dwfuscHrSKonf tcGeftwkwf

pnf;Muyfjcif;? vdkifpifaMu;ay;aqmifjcif; yHkpHrsdK;jzpfí pDrHcefYcGJrSKtwGufukefusp&dwf (tjynfhtpkH odkYr[kwf

wpfpdwff wpfydkif;) udk uscHaponf/ wlnDaomrlwpfckjzpfonhf ]]toHk;jyKoluscH}} rludk okawoe

vkyfief;wGifvnf; usihfoHk;avh&Sdonf/ þudpöwGif okawoeukefusp&dwftwGuf uscHolwdkYu rnfonhf

okawoersdK;vkyf&efudk ydkíajymydkifcGihf&Sdonf/ atmifjrifaom erlemyHkpHwpfckrSm okawoevkyfief; &efyHkaiG

50% udk a&vkyfom;wdkUuuscHí usef 50% tpdk;&uuscHonfh okawoe&efyHkaiG cGJa0csrSwfjcif;udk

a&vkyfom;rsm;? tpdk;&ESihf okawoeynm&Sifrsm;yg0ifaom us,fjyefYaom bkwftzGJUu BuD;Muyfonf/

okawoetwGuf ydkíuscH,Hkru OD;pm;ay;vkyf&rnhf okawoersm;twGufvnf; tultnDay;ojzihf

a&vkyfom;rsm;ESihf ydkíwdkuf½ dkufywfoufNyD; ydkítoHk;0ifvmonf/

]]toHk;jyKoluscHay;qyf}} rl0g'udk pwifcsrSwf&ef tusdK;cHpm;cGihf&ol (a&vkyfom;? ig;a&mif;^0,fol)

rsm;tMum; vlBudKufenf;ayvdrhfrnf/ xdkYaMumihf a&SUaetusdK;aqmif rSwpfqifh uefYuGufjcif;/ xdkYtwl

a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJ&vdkol EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;? &mxl;BuD; tpdk;& t&m&SdBuD;rsm;vnf; yg0ifvmEdkifonf/ EAFM \ tjcm;tpdwftydkif;rsm; taumifxnfazmf ouJhodkYyif ]]toHk;csoluscHay;qyf}} pepfodkYoGm;&mwGif

tcsdef,l&rnfjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif aumif;rGefaom yl;wGJpDrHcefYcGJrSK pepfwpfckudkoHk;ygu jzpfEdkifygonf/

aiGaMu;axmufyHhrSK (b@ma&;) udk ppfaq;&ef t"duar;cGef;rsm;

1/ EAFM u pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmfa&;udk oufqdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;BuD;rsm;\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;?

vkyfief;BuD;rsm;twdkif; wduspGm (tykdtvkdr&Sd)qGJxm;ygovm;? ESpfpOf bwf*sufwpfck cGJa0csrSwf

NyD;vm;?

2/ &efyHkaiG&&Sda&;twGuf tjcm;t&if;cHrsm;? rdk',fyHkpHrsm; (Oyrm - toHk;jyKoluscHay;qyf) udk

vHkavmufpGm pHkprf;avhvmNyD;vm; ?

3/ pDrHcefUcGJrSKudk taxmufulay;&ef vHkavmufaom tcsuftvufowif;rsm;

oifhavsmfovdk jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifaom pDrHcefYcGJa&;rlESifh owdxm;csOf;uyfrSKESihf ywfoufaom

ta&;BuD;aom pOf;pm;&rnhftcsufrsm;udk azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/ od&Sd&ef ta&;BuD;onhf tcsufrSm

ra&&mraocsmrSK tm;vHk;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef rnfonhftcgrQvHkavmuf owif;tcsufvuf &Sdrnfr[kwfyg/

tjzpfrSefppfaq;jcif;wGif FMU ESihf ywfoufaomowif;ESihf todÓPfMum; t"duuGm[csufrsm;udk

&SmazG&efESihf xdkuGm[csufrsm;udk jznhfay;&ef enf;vrf;rsm;&Sm&ef jzpfonf/ ig;vkyfief;XmeBuD;rsm;u

rxkwf,loHk;pGJ&ao;aom okawoe t&if;tjrpfrsm; &Sdwwfonf/ Oyrm - wuúodkvfrsm; (txl;ojzihf

bGJU&ausmif;om;rsm; pmwrf;rsm;)? tpdk;& okawoeXmeBuD;rsm;? yk* ¾vdyu@rS okawoersm;/ odkY&mwGif

a&SUwGif tav;ay;azmfjyxm; ouJhodkY tcgrsm;pGmwGif owif;tcsuftvufrsm;&SdaeNyD;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif

&SmazG&ef cufcJonf/

tcuftvufrsm;? owif;rsm;ppfaq;&ef t"duar;cGef;rsm;

1/ vuf&Sdtcsuftvufrsm;ESihf owif;rsm;wGif t"duuGm[csufrsm;rSm bmvJ? ,if;wdkUudk b,fvdk

jznhfrvJ ?

2/ wdkuf&dkufywfonhfonhfowif;\ jzpfEdkifzG,ft&if;cHrsm;tm;vHk; (a&vkyfom;rsm;ESihf a'ocH

a&vkyfief; tzGJUtpnf;xHrS tygt0if) wdkYudk xkwf,l&&SdNyD;vm; ?

4/ xda&mufaom qufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[m

qufoG,fa&; r[mAsL[mwpf&yfonf pDrHcsufjzpfpOf\cGJjcm;ír&aom tpdwftydkif; wpfckjzpfonf/

þtaumiftxnfazmfonhftqihfwGif qufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[mudk &,lcsrSwfNyD;vm;ESihf xda&mufrSK

&Sdygovm;udkar;&ef tcsdefusvmNyD;jzpfonf/ t"duay;ydkYonhfowif;rsm;onf rwlnDaom y&dwfowf

tpkta0; toD;oD;xH xda&mufpGm qufoG,fay;ydkY EdkifcJhNyD;vm;[laom ar;cGef;tm; wkHYjyefcsufrsdK;udk

ajzmihfwef;vG,fulpGm &&SdEdkifygonf/

qufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[mppfaq;&eft"duar;cGef;rsm;

1/ qufoG,fa&;r[mAsL[mudkvdkufemygvm; ? 2/ t"duay;ydkYaom owif;rsm;udk &&SdMuNyD;vm;? em;vnfoabmaygufMuygvm; ?

5/ xda&mufaom apmihfMuyfMunhf&SKjcif;ESihf qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;

EAFM pDrHcsufwGif tñ Te;f rsm;udk twJGvdkuf owfrSwfcJNhy;D oabmwlxm;Ny;Daom pHcsdefpHñ Tef;rSwfESihf

ESKdif;,SOfaomtcg pDrHcefYcGJrSKonf rnfrQtxd aumif;pGmvkyfaqmifaeonfudk vrf;ñ Tefjyonf/ (Module 17)/

ueOD; taumifxnfazmfonhf tqihfwGif rnfonhftñ Tef;rsm;tm; apmihfMuyfMunhf½ SKonf/ rnfolu

apmihfMuyfonfudk pm&if;jyKpkxm;&efvdkonf/ pDrHcsufa&;qGJonhf jzpfpOfwGif apmihfMuyf Munfh½SK&rnhftñ Tef;rsm;

rSm &Sdaeaom vlESihft&if;tjrpftwGuf tvGef&nfrSef;csufjrihfvGef;onhf tajctaersdK; jzpfEdkifonf

(vufawGUrjzpfEdkif)/ tñ Tef;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;azmfjy&efvdkrnf jzpfygonf/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf 'Gd[

jzpfEdkifaom qef;ppftuJjzwfrSKrsdK;odkY a&muf&SdEdkifonf/ txl;ojzihf oD;oefYpDrHcefYcGJa&;wpf&yf\ atmifjrifrSK

odkYr[kwf qHk;½SHK;rSKudk tuJrjzwfEdkif jzpfvdrhfrnf/

apmihfMuyfMunfY&SKjcif;? qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;ESifY pepfudkppfaq;&ef t"duar;cGef;rsm;

1/ apmihfMuyfMunhf½ SKaeaom EAFM pDrHcsufwGif tñTef;rsm;tm;vHk;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwf xm;ygovm;?

2/ M&E \ &v'f (tajz) ESihfywfoufí qufoG,fcGihf&ap&ef (vltrsm;odap&ef) enf;pepfwpfck

owfrSwfNyD;vm;?

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf/ oif,cifcsrSwfcJhaomcsKyfcs,fuefYowfjcif;rsm;ESihf tcGihftvrf;rsm;udk jyefavhvm

oHk;oyfyg/ EMU yef;wdkifa&muf&Sda&;twGuf rnfodkYw&m;0if toHk;jyKEdkifqJ jzpfaMumif; aqG;aEG;yg/

vdktyfovdkjyifyg/

owdjyK&ef-FAO wGif tcsuftvuf½SKa'gifhtcsdKU (tm;vHk;r[kwfudk) vTrf;NcHKaom w&m;0if database &Sdonf/

http://faolex.fao.org/

FAOLEX onf aemufqHk;ay:NyD;jynhfpHkaom uGefysLwmESihf½dkufxm;aom w&m;0if database wpfck jzpfonf/

tpm;taomuf? pdkufysdK;a&;ESihf jyefvnftpm;xdk; t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESihf ywfoufaom Oya' pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk

tDvufx½Gefepfenf;jzihf pkaqmif;xm;aom tBuD;qHk; Oya'pmtkyf jzpfonf/ FAOLEX udk toHk;jyKolrsm;onf

usrf;wpfckpDESihfywfoufaom tusOf;csKyfrsm;? owi;frsm;odkY wdkuf½ dkufMunfh½SKEdkifonf/ xdkYtwl database xJygaom Oya' pmtkyftrsm;pk\ tjynhftpHkudkMunhfEdkifonf/

http://faolex.fao.org/fishery/index.htm

EdkifiHjcm;ig;zrf;oabFmrsm;twGuf urf;½dk;wef;EdkifiHrsm;twGuf vdktyfaom Oya'udk 1981 wGif yHkESdyf

xkwfa0cJhonf/ urf;½d k;wef;EdkifiHrsm;twGuf tDvufx½Gefepfjzihf jyKpkxm;aom Oya'wGif pm&if;Z,m;

rsm;pGmygí EdkifiHtwGufOya'? EdkifiHawmf w&m;pD&ifcGihfatmuf&Sd a&jyifwGif ESpfEdkifiHtusdK;wl? EdkifiHtrsm;

tusdK;wl ig;zrf;Muaom EdkifiHjcm;om; ig;zrf;avSrsm;ESihf {nhfEdkifiHrsm;Mum; oabmwlnDcsufrsm; yg0ifonf/

jyefvnfjyifqifjznhfpGufcsufrsm;udk 1983? 1985? 1988? 1993 ESihf 1996 wdkYwGif yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhonf/

http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/ak471e/ak471e.pdf

1984 FAO \ a'otusOf;csKyf? a'oqdkif&m ig;vkyfief;Oya'tusOf;csKyf (taemuf ypdzdwfa'o)? twGJ (1)/

FFA u CD room tjzpf update vkyfonf/ ]]FFA ypdzdwfuRef;rsm; ig;vkyfief; Oya'tusOf;csKyf}}

e-version r[kwfaom Oya'pmtkyf

a'otvdkuf ig;vkyfief;rsm;Oya' tusOf;csKyf/ (tdE´ d,ork'´&ma'o)//FAO ½Hk;rS jyKpkonf/ International

Centre for Ocean Development uulnDonf/

ICSF – tdEd,Oya'pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;-

http://indianlegal.icsf.net/

ig;vkyfief;rsm;ESifhywfoufaom tdE´ d,Oya' ICSF database tdE´ d,EdkifiH\ EdkifiHawmftqihf? jynfe,ftqihf

yifv,fig;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf ig;vkyfom;rsm;Oya'rsm;udk pkpnf;xm;onf/

tqihf 5.1 ESifY 5.2

pDrHcsufudk apmihfMuyfMunfY&SK? qef;ppftuJjzwfESihf oihfovdk jyKjyifajymif;vJ ,lonf/

Module 17


• pDrHcefYcGJa&; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf yef;wdkifrsm;ESihf &nfrSef;csufrsm; rnfrQ

aumif;pGm vkyfaqmifedKifonfudk apmihfMuyfMunfh½SK&ef/

• rnfonhft&mudk od&Sdem;vnf&ef? bmaMumihf? b,ftcsdef? b,fvdkESihf b,fol

vkyfaqmif&ef apmihfMuyfMunhf½SK&rnfudk od&Sdem;vnf&ef

• tpD&ifcHwifjyaqmif&GufcsufeSifh owif;tcsuftvufapmifhMuyfMunfh&Ijcif;tay:

qef;ppftuJjzwf&ef/

• pDrHcsufudkjyefvnfoHk;oyfí oihfovdkjyKjyif,l&ef/

oifcef;pmtay: NcHKiHkoHk;oyfcsuf

þtcef;wGif xda&mufaom EAFM twGuf apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;eSihf qef;ppf tuJ jzwfjcif; (M&E) ta&;BuD;yHkudk &Sif;jyxm;onf/ Section 5.1 wGif aqmif&Gufcsufwpfckudkk rnfodkYapmihfMuyMfunfh½SKNyD; rnfodkY

tuJjzwf&rnfudkdk tusOf;azmfjyxm;onf/ t"dutm;jzihf tñ Tef;rsm;ESihfqufpyfaom tcsuftvuf

pkaqmif;jcif;? tuJjzwfjcif;yg0ifonf/ xdkYtwl þtcsuftvufrsm;udk pkpnf;ESKdif;,SOfjcif;? qef;ppf

tuJjzwfjcif; yg0ifonf/ Section 5.23 wGif (M&E) &vm'fudk tajccHí pDrHcsufudk tcgtm;avsmfpGm

jyefoHk;oyf&efvdktyfyHkudk tusOf;csKyf azmfjyxm;NyD; vdktyfygu ajymif;vJ,l&ef yg0ifonf/

ed'gef;

EAFM \ jzpfpOfaemufqHk;tqihfwGif EAFM pDrHcefYcGJrSKpDrHcsuf vkyfaqmifrSKrsm;onf &nfrSef;csuf rsm;udk

apmihfMuyfMunhf½ SK&efESihf &&Sdaomowif;rsm;udk EAFM jzpfpOfodkY jyefay;ydkY&efjzpfonf/ odkYrSom avhvm&&SdrSK

(owif;)rsm;tm;qDavsmfpGm toHk;csEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ apmifhMuyfMunfh&I tuJjzwfjcif;eSifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm;

wifjyjcif;onf oifhavsmfonfh pDrHcefUcGJrIjzpfpOfwGif taumif;qHk;tqifh jzpfonf/ r&Sdrjzpf ta&;BuD;onhf

tcsufwpfckrSm vuf&Sd&nfrSef;csufrsm; aygufajrmufa&;twGuf jynhfpHkaom aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; rjzpfrae

vkyf&efomru &&Sdaom&vm'f (tajz) rsm;onf aumif;rGefygu aemifwGifvkyfrnhf vkyfief;twGuf

qGJaqmiftm;ay;rI (rufvHk;)tjzpf oHk;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/

]]tvkyfvkyf&if;oif,l}} udktaumiftxnfazmf&ef atmifjrifrSKESihf qHk;½SHK;rSKESpfckvHk;tay: tjyKoabm

aqmifaom oabmxm;&Sd&efvdktyfonf/ tu,fíqHk;½SHK;rSKrsm;jzpfay:ygu avhvm&eftwGuf tcGihftvrf;

wpfck jzpfaponf/ xdkYtwl vlwdkYonf jyóemrsm;udk azmfxkwfEdkifNyD;? wDxGifrGrf;rHonhf tajzrsm;awGU&Sdygu

]]tvkyfvkyf&if;oif,l}} udk tvGeftm;ay; vkyfaqmifoihfonf/ pdefac:csufwpfckrSm pDrHcsufrsm;ukd

ajymif;vJjyKjyif,ljcif;ESihf ydkrkdaumif;rGefatmif jyKjyif,ljcif;wdkYrSm tawGUBuHKrsm;? tcsuftvuf owif;

topfrsm; &&Sd&mrSwpfqifh yHkrSefjzpfvmaom vkyfaqmifcsufwpfckjzpfonfudk vufcHtodrSwfjyK&ef jzpfonf/

(Adpative Mengement- tcef; 4? EAFM \ Oya'orsm; Munhf)/

tcef; 10? tqifY 1.3 FMU \e,fy,ftwdkif;twm ESifU tcef; 13? tnTef;rsm; wGif azmfjyxm;

ouJhodkY tcsufvufjynfhpHkaom tajctaersdK;wGif pDrHcefYcGJolwdkYonf vm;&m aumif;rGefpGm ñ TefjyEdkifaom

okawoetpDtpOfwpfckudk aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ xdkodkYaqmif&Guf&mwGif vdktyfonhftcg oihfavsmfaom

enf;ynm&Sif tultnD,l&rnfjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif tcsufvuf rjynhfpHkaom tajctaersdK;wGif olwdkYonf

jyKjyif&efvG,faom pDrHcefYcGJrSKrsdK;udk ydkíoHk;&rnf jzpfNyD;? owdxm;csOf;uyfjcif;udkvnf; vkyf&ygrnf/ xdkYtwl

a&vkyfom;wdkY\ ½d k;&m"avh todÓPfudkvnf; oHk;&ygrnf/ odkYrSom A[kokwrjynhfpHkaom rjynfYpHkjcif;aMumifY

jzpfay:vmaom jyoemrsm;udk ausmfvTm;edKifrnf/ txufazmfjyygtcsuf (2) ckvHk;wGif tcsufvuf pkaqmif;

&efESihf cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm&ef yl;aygif;yg0ifonhfcsOf;uyfrSKudk toHk;csjcif;onf od&Sd em;vnfjcif;ESifY ydkifqkdifjcif;udk

wdk;jr§ihfay;vdrhfrnf/


5.1/ vkyfaqmifcsufudk apmihfMuyfMunhf½SK tuJcwfjcif;

pDrHcsuf taumiftxnfazmfaeonhf umvwpfavQmufvHk; apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;udk aqmif&Guf

oihfonf/ apmihfMuyfMunfh½SK&rnhf tBudrfaygif;udk tñ Tef;tay:rlwnf owfrSwf &vdrhfrnf/ qdkvdkonfrSm

tcsdKUtñ Tef;rsm;udk vtvdkuf? tcsdKUudk &moDtvdkuf? tcsdKUudk ESpftvdkuf vkyf&vdrhfrnfjzpfonf/

apmihfMuyfMunhf½ SKjcif;jzihf EAFM pDrHcsufvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk qef;ppftuJjzwfEdkifojzihf yef;wdkifrsm;odkY

a&mufra&mufodEdkifNyD; wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGuf rnfonhft&mrsm;vkyf&ef vdktyfonfudkvnf;

odEdkifonf/ (oihfavsmfovdk jyKjyifajymif;vJaompDrHcefYcGJrSK)/ csrSwfcJhaom tñTef;rsm;ESihf pHcsdefpHñ Tef;rSwfrsm;

(tcef; 13? tqifY 3.2) ESihf pl;prf;tuJjzwfonhftqihf (scoping phase) wGif &&Sdvmaom FMU aemufcHowif; (tcef; 10? tqifY 1.3 MunfY) wdkYonf wdk;wufatmifjrifrSKudk wdkif;wm&ef tajccHrsOf;

jzpfonf/ þodkYjzpf&ef wjznf;jznf;wnfaqmuf aqmif&Guf&onf/

&Sif;vif;vG,fulqHk;tqihfwGifqdk&vsif ta&;BuD;aom a*[aA'? vlrSKa&;? pD;yGm;a&; ESihf tkyfcsKyfa&;

jyóemrsm;udkajz&Sif;&ef oD;oefY&nfrSef;csufrsm;? tñTef;rsm;udk (tcef; 13? tqifY 3.1 ESifY 3.2)

a&G;cs,fcJhNyDjzpfojzihf tñ Tef;rsm;? pHcsdefpHñ Tef;rSwfrsm;\ tajctaeudk qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;jzihf pDrHcefUcGJrSKonf

a*[pepftqihfwGif rnfrQaumif;rGefonfudk "mwfyHk½dkufxm; ouJhodkY uGufuGufuGif;uGif; ay:vGifvmrnf/

jyKvkyfavh&Sdaom trSm;wpfckrSm tcsuf tvufrsm; vGefuJpGmpkaqmif;jcif;jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm EAFM pDrHcsufESihf rywfoufaom tcsuf tvufrsm;? rnfonhftcgrQ oHk;rnfr[kwfaom tcsufvufrsm; jzpfonf/

(tcsdefESihf t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk jzKef;wD;jcif;jzpfonf)/ wdkuf½d kufywfoufí toHk;0ifaom tcsufvufrsm;

udkom pkaqmif;&efjzpfonf/

apmihfMuyfMunhf½ SKa&;twGuf pDrHonhftcgwGif t"duar;cGef;rsm;rSm - rnfonfYtcsuftvufudk

rnfonfY &nf½G,fcsufESihf pkaqmif;rnfenf;? tMudrfrnfrQaumuf,lrnfenf;? b,foluaumuf,lpkaqmif;

rnfenf;? þwm0efrsm;udk tcef; 15? tqifY 4.1 wGif azmfjyxm;aom taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf

tvkyfpDrHcsufwGif tusOf;&Sif;jyxm;onf/ (M&E \ yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef csOf;uyfjcif; Tool n. 38 Munhfyg)/

EAFM tzGJU (EAFM jzpfpOfudk pwifNyD;vkyfudkifaeaomtzGJU) taejzihf tuJjzwftzJGU (M&E tzGJU) udk

wnfaxmif&ef vkdtyfvdrfYrnf/ xdktzGJUwGif t"du ig;vkyfief;&yfEDS;EG,foll tkyfpkrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;?

odkYr[kwf xdk ig;vkyfief;&yfEDS;EG,folll tkyfpkudk wdkuf½dkuftoHk;csEdkifonf/ Start up A wGif wnfaxmifxm;aom

tzGJUjzpfonf/ þ M&E tzGJUonf tcsufvufrsm; pkaqmif;jcif;ESihf pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm

oHk;oyfonf/ þjzpfpOfwGifrwlnDaom tjcm;yg0if ywfoufolrsm;udk yg0ifapNyD;? tvkyf? tawGUBuHKrS

oif,ledKif&efESihf oihfavsmfovkd jyKjyif Edkifaom pDrHcefYcGJa&;pepf&,lEdkif&ef jyefwHkYjyefaom (owif; jyefydkYaom)

pepfudk rjzpfrae xm;&Sd&ef vdktyfonf/ tuJjzwftzGJUonf apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKonhf &v'f (owif;) rsm;udk

EAFM tzGJU (odkYr[kwf oabmwlxm;aom txufaumfrwD) odkY yHkrSefwHkUjyef (owif;) ydkYonf/

pkpnf;xm;aom &vm'f (owif;) rsm;udk ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom yg0ifywfoufol tkyfpkodkYvnf; qufoG,f

ay;ydkYonf/ (rsm;aomtm;jzihf tcgtm;avsmfpGm qef;ppftuJjzwf&eftwGufjzpfonf)/

qufoG,fjcif;ESihf owif;ydkYwifjyjcif;

rwlnDaom yg0ifywfoufolrsm;twGuf rwlnDaom tuJjzwf&vm'frsm; vdktyfvdrhfrnf jzpfNyD;?

rwlnDaomtqihf (tvTm) rsm;tMum; owif;pD;qif;rSKonf atmufrS txuf? txufrSatmuf

jzpfoihfonf/ Oyrm - EdkifiHawmftqihfrS a'otqihfodkY? xdkYtwl u@ toD;oD;twGif;/ (yHk- 17.1)

yHk- 17.1/ owif;pD;qif;rSKudk apmihfMuyfMunfh½SKjcif;

EAFM taumiftxnfazmfa&; tpdwftydkif;wpfcktaejzihf a&SUwGifazmfjycJhaom qufoG,fa&;

r[mAsL[m (tcef; 15? tqifY 4.1) wGif tusOf;csKyfazmfjyjcif;rSm M&E owif;udk rnfolu vdktyfonf/

bmaMumihf (b,fvdkyHkpHrsdK;eJU) vdktyfonfESihf b,faomtcg vdktyfonf/ tvkyform;rsm;udk wdkuf½dkuf

pDrHcefYcGJ&olrsm;ESihf tcsdKUaom avSvkyfom;yg0if ywfoufolrsm;taejzihf rMumcPtao;pdwf tcsuf

tvufrsm; (Oyrm - vtvdkuf? odkYr[kwf 3vwpfBudrf) udk vdktyfMuvdrhfrnf/ odkYrSom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk

tuJjzwfEdkifNyD; jyifp&m &Sdonfrsm; csufcsif;jyifEdkifonf/ OD;wnfvm;&majymif;&ef vdktyfygu csufcsif;

ajymif;Edkifonf/

þenf;jzihf trsm;oabmwlxm;aom &nfrSef;csufrsm; aygufajrmufapEdkifrnf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf

oabmxl;Muaom pDrHcefYcGJa&; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wGif MPA wnfaxmif&efESihf t"duig;rsdK;pdwf avsmhzrf;&ef

yg0ifvmygu EAFM tzGJUESihf t"duyg0ifywfoufolrsm;tkyfpk wdkYtaejzihf MPA udk rnfodkYrnfyHk

wnfaxmifonfh yHkrSeftcsufvufrsm;&&Sd&ef vdktyfvdrhfrnf/ xdkYtwl Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;udk toHk;csaom

olwdkY\ oabmxm;rsm;? tjrifrsm; rnfodkYrnfyHk &Sdonfh tcsuftvufrsm; &&Sd&efvdktyfvdrhfrnf/ xdkYtwl

rMumrDumvrsm;u vpOfig;zrf;&&SdrSK tajctaeudk pkpnf;xm;aom udef;*Pef;udkvnf; vdktyfMuvdrhfrnf/

tjcm;aom ig;vkyfief;&yfeSDD;eG,folrsm;taejzihf tenf;i,faom owif;xkwfjyefrIESihf tao;pdwf

r[kwfaom owif;rsm;udk vdktyfMuvdrfhrnf/ Oyrm txufwGifazmfjyouJhokdU EdkifiHawmftqihf odkYr[kwf

a'oBuD;tqihf ig;vkyfief;XmeESihf ywf0ef;usifa&;&mXmersm;taejzihf vpOf zrf;qD;&&SdrSK udef;*Pef;rsm;udk

(3) v wpfBudrf odkYr[kwf (6)v wpfBudrf tpD&ifcHpmrsm;tjzpf &&Sd&ef vdktyfrnf/ odkYrSom ig;zrf;qD;rSKonf

tjcm;rsdK;pdwfrsm;tay: oufa&mufrSK? pD;yGm;jzpfrsdK;pdwfrsm;tay: oufa&mufrSK&Sdr&SdodEdkifrnf/ aemufqHk;

taejzihf MPA udkvnf; axmifNyD;? c&D;vkyfoGm;ief;rSvnf; 0ifaiG&vmEdkifygu azmfjyygXmersm; (ig;vkyfief;?

ywf0ef;usifa&;&m) taejzihf a*[aA'pepfESihf t"du rsdK;pdwfrsm;udk jyefvnfjyKpkysdK;axmifjcif;ESihf jyefvnf

emvefxapjcif; (xdcdkufysufpD;&mrS e*dkyHkrSef jyefa&muf apjcif;) wdkUudk aqmif&Guf&ef pdwf0ifpm;

vmMuvdrhfrnf/ c&D;oGm;vkyfief;Xmersm; odkYr[kwf vlrSKa&;&mXmersm;taejzihf 0ifaiGom &&Sdap&ef

wpfckwnf;r[kwfyJ vlrSKa&;tay:oufa&mufrSKrsm;udkvnf; od&Sd&efvdk tyfrnfjzpfonf/

tBuHjyKvkdonfrSm wdkuf½dkufywfoufaom u@toD;oD;eSifhtzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;rsm; tMum;wGif

tcsuftvufESihf owif;rsm;EdkiforQ rsm;jym;pGm rQa0Mu&efjzpfonf/ todÓPf A[kokw wdk;yGm;EdkiforQ

yGm;Edkifap&efESihf EAFM \ &nfrSef;csufrsm; aygufajrmuf&efjzpfonf/ EdkifiHtcsdKUwGif rwlnDuGJjym;aom u@

(Xme) rsm;Mum;rqdkxm;ESihf 0efBuD;Xme wpfckwnf; atmuf&Sd Xmersm;Mum;rSmyif owif;tcsuftvuf

zvS,f&efrSm pdefac:csufwpf&yfjzpfEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif EAFM jzpftpydkif;rSmyif yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJjcif;?

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? tm;vHk; yg0ifjcif;odkY csOf;uyfxm;aomaMumihf (tcef; 8? tpjyKvkyfief; (u) Task V

Munhf) owif;rQa0jcif;ESihf qufoG,fjcif;wdkYudk pOfqufrjywf wdk;íaqmif&Gufoihfonf/

qufoG,frSKr[mAsL[mwGifvnf; pm&Gufpmwrf;jzihf a&;om;owif;ydkYenf;yHkpHrsdK;udk tusOf;csKyfazmfjy

oifYonf/ (wdusyHkpH (template) ygonfjzpfap? rygonfjzpfap? ESKwfjzihfajymaom tvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yGJ odkYr[kwf

tjcm;rD'D,myHkpH)/

apmihfMuyfMunhf½ SKjcif;\ &v'f (tajz) udk tusOf;csKyfazmfjy&ef toHk;0ifaom qufoG,fa&; ud&d,m

(pepf) wpfckrSm ]],mOftcsufjyrD;}} pepfjzpfonf/ Criteria / variables (pH ^ uGJjym;aomt&mrsm;)

BudKwifowfrSwfxm;aom tcsuftvufrsm;ukd uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfwpfckwGif xnfhonf (tajccH Excel udk

oHk;Ekdifonf)/ xdkaemuf udef;*Pef;rsm;udk rsufjrifyHk&dyf (ta&mif) tjzpf ajymif;vJvdkufonf/ Oyrm -

tpdrf;a&mif = vkyfaqmifcsufauseyfzG,faumif;onf/ vdar®mfa&mif (y,if;)a&mif = &vm'fawGodyfraumif;?

owdxm;&efvdk/ teDa&mif = vkyfaqmifcsufauseyfzG,fr&Sd/ (yHk - 17.2)

yHk-17.2/ ]],mOftcsufjyrD;}}owif;ydkYyHk

þenf;jzihf Z,m;wGifvnf;aumif;? yHk&dyfwGifvnf;aumif;? rnfonhfvkyfaqmifcsufonf vrf;rSefa&muf

aeonf? rnfonhfvkyfaqmifcsufudk pDrHcefYcGJoHk;oyf&ef odkYr[kwf aqG;aEG;&efvdkaeonf? csufcsif; odESdKifonf/

txufygyHk&dyfukd vQsyfwpfjyufMunhfjcif;jzihf pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;udk rnfonhf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf pDrHcsuftwdkif;

rjzpfvmojzihf aemufxyf owif;rsm;? ppfaq;jcif;rsm;? cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmoHk;oyfjcif;? jyifqifjcif;rsm; aemufxyf

vkyf&ef vdktyfaeaMumif; odEdkifonf/ owd&oihfonfh tcsufrSm ½ kyfyHkonf tjzpfysuftm;vHk;udk razmfjyEdkifyg/

xdkYaMumihf ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKrD pDrHcefYcGJolrsm; taejzihf oufqdkif&mrS owif;jyefvnf ay;ydkYonhf

tpD&ifcHpmudkvnf; zwfoihfonf/ yHk 17.3 wGif b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf\ BuD;rm;aom tPÖ0ga*[ aA'

pepfudk yHkazmf&mwGif ,mOftcsufjyrD;udk tdE´ d,EdkifiHu toHk;jyKcJhyHkudk azmfjy xm;onf/ a*[aA'pepftajcudk

yHkazmf&mwGif ywf0ef;usifnpfnrf;rSK tqihfay:rlwnfí tpdrf; a&mif (a*[aA'pepfrsm; usef;rmonf?

tajctaeaumif;onf)/ y,if;a&mif (a*[aA'pepfay: oufa&mufaeNyD;) ESihf teDa&mif (a*[aA' pepf

ysufpD;aeNyD;) jzihf azmfjyonf/

yHk-17.3/ a*[aA'pepfudk apmihfMuyfMunfh½SK&ef b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf ]],mOftcsufjyrD;}} pepf

5.2/ EAFM pDrHcsufudk jyefvnfoHk;oyf&efESihf oihfavsmfovdkjyKjyif,l&ef

M&E tajz&v'fay:rlwnfí tcef; 14? tqifY 3.5 wGif tNyD;owfazmfjyxm;aom EAFM pDrHcsufudk

tcgtm;avsmfpGm oihfovdkjyKjyifoihfonf/ xdkodkYaqmif&Guf&mwGif apmifhMuyf Munhf½SKjcif;ESihf tcgtm;avsmfpGm

qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;rS&&Sdaom tajz (&v'f) udktoHk;csí pDrHcsufydkrdkaumif;rGefvmatmif aqmif&Gufonf/

rsm;aomtm;jzihf pDrHcsufudk yHkrSefjyefvnf oHk;oyf&mwGif tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;ESihf tpD&ifcHpmrsm;tay: tajccHí

oHk;oyfonf/ þonfrSm &nfrSef;csfrsm;aygufajrmuf&ef pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfaqmifcsufudk qef;ppftuJjzwf&ef

&nf½G,fjcif;jzpfonf/ (EAFM Plan template 11. Review of the Plan Munhf)? þjyefvnfoHk;oyfrsm;onf EAFM

pDrHcsufudk ajymif;vJoihfroihf pOf;pm;&rnhftcsdefjzpfonf/ þvkyfief;jzpfpOfudk jyifyrStzGJUrsm;u

0ifa&mufaqmif&GufEdkifaomfjim;vnf; tuJjzwftzGJU ^ M&E tzGJUwdkUu yg0ifMu&vdrhfrnf/ þjyefvnf

oHk;oyfrSKrsdK;udk EAFM tzGJU\ vrf;ñTefrSKatmufxm;oihfNyD; EAFM tzGJUodkYvnf; yHkrSeftpD&ifcHpmydkY&rnf/

a&wdkjyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm;/ Oyrm - ESpfywfvnftpdwfydkif;wpfck (vrsm;) rS oHk;oyf&&Sdonhf &v'frsm;udk

ESpfywfvnf tpD&ifcHpmwGif tusOf;csHK;azmfjyoihfNyD;? em;vnf&efvG,fNyD;? ig;vkyfief; yl;aygif;pDrHcefYcGJa&;

jzpfpOfESihf csdwfqufonf/ a,bl,stm;jzihf tpD&ifcHpmwGif atmufygwdkYyg0ifrnf-

• vkyfaqmifcsufukd tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;?

• ig;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcGJrSKwHkYjyefcsufrsm;/

txufwGif&Sif;vif;azmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; ]],mOftcsufjyrD;}} yHkpH(okdkU) tjcm;aom *&yfrsm;? Z,m;rsm;?

yHk&dyfrsm;? toHk;jyKí owif;tcsuftvufrsm;azmfjyekdifygonf/ owdjyK&rnfrSm yHk&dyfrsm;onf jzpfpOf

wpfckvHk;ukd rodekdifaomaMumifh tcsdKUaom t"duawGU&Sdcsufrsm;ukd &Sif;vif;&efESifh bmomjyefqkd&ef vkdtyf

ygonf/

tu,fí pDrHcsufvkyfaqmifaejcif;onf atmifjrifrIjzpfvm&ef taMumif;w&m;wpfckjzpfonf/ pDrHcsuf\

rnfonfae&mrsm;rS vkyfaqmifaeonfukd qHk;jzwf&rnf/ tu,f* tcsdKUaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;r&Sdygu rnf

onfh twGufaMumifh xkdt&mukd taumiftxnfazmf&efvkdtyfaMumif; qHk;jzwf&rnfjzpfonf/ 4if;aemuf

pDrHcsuftm; vkdufavsmnDaxG&Sdatmif jyifqifnSdeIdkdif;&efvkdtyfonf/ txll;ojzifh od&Sd&rnfhtcsufrsm;rSm

• pDrHcefUcGJrI vkyfaqmif&ef

• vkdufemusifhoHk;aqmif&Guf&ef

• tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&m pDpOfaqmif&Guf&ef

jzpfEdkifacswpfckrSm vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf pDrHcsuftwdkif;oGm;aeNyD; tenf;I,fajymif;vJ&ef vkdtyfonf/

odkY&mwGif arQmfrSef;xm;ouJhodkY jzpfvmjcif;r&Sdygu odomaomtajymif;tvJvkyf&efvdkonf/ þodkY aqmif&Guf

Edkif&ef pDrHcsufESihf pDrHcsufyg tpdwftydkif;rsm;odkY jyefoHk;oyfí xl;uJjyKjyifrSKrsm;vkyfNyD; a&SUqufoGm;&efvdkonf/

yHkrSefjyefvnf oHk;oyfjcif;onf EAFM vkyfief;jzpfpOf\ ta&;BuD;aom tpdwfydkif;wpfckjzpfonf/ tqufrjywf

qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;jzihf jyKvG,fjzpfvG,faom xyfwvJvJjzpfaom csOf;uyfrSK rsm;udkd taxmufuljyKonf/

tu,fí pDrHcefYcGJrSKonf &nfrSef;csufrsm;twdkif; raygufajrmufygu ig;vkyfief;&yfeSD;eG,foltm;vHk;onf

rnfodkYta&;,laqmif&Guf&rnfudk od&efvdktyfonf/ pDrHcsufonf tvkyfrjzpfygu EAFM tzGJUonf

pDrHcsufudk jyKjyifEdkif&ef tqifoihf&Sdae&rnf/ þudp öonf &nfrSef;csufrsm;? tñ Tef;rsm;? pHcsdefpHñ Tef;rsm;udk

ajymif;vJjyKjyif&ouJhodkY tvGefta&;ygonf/ odkYr[kwf pDrHcefYcGJrSKvkyfief;rsm;ESihf pnf;urf;vdkufemrSK

tpDtpOfrsm;udk ajymif;vJjyKjyif&ouJhodkY ta&;BuD;rIenf;yg;onf/ (qdkvdkonfrSm pnf;urf;vdkufema&;udpörSm

Oya'? pnf;urf;xJwGif yg0ifcsrSwfxm;NyD;jzpfí pDrHcsuf a&;qGJ&mESihf oD;jcm;jzpfonf/ qHk;jzwf&rnhf

udpötm;vHk;wGif tajccHvkyfief;pOfrSm ]]jyóemubmvJ}} udk yxrqHk; azmfxkwfowfrSwf&NyD;? bmaMumihf

jyóemjzpfvmovJudk qufíazmfxkwfowfrSwf&rnf/ zGHUNzdK;qJEdkifiHtrsm;wGif tm;enf;aom tpdk;&ESihf

pnf;urf;vdkufemrSKtm;enf;jcif;wdkYrSm jyóemjzpfEdkifonf/ þudpörsdK;wGif EAFM pDrHcsufudk ajymif;vJ&ef

rvdktyfaMumif; xif&Sm;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif tvkyfpDrHcsuf taumiftxnf azmfonhfudpöudkajymif;vJ&ef

vdkrnf/ odkYrSom pnf;urf;vdkufemrSKudk tm;jznfhay;rnf/ (tcef; 15? tqifY 4.1)

tnTef;onf ol\ pHcsddeffpHnTef;rsm;ukd qefUusifí jzpfaeonfh tajctae wpfckwGif jynfhpHkaom tcsuf

tvuf rsm;onf tajccH w&m;0ifqHk;jzwfcsufeSifh pnf;urf;rsm;udkcsrSwf&eftwGufjzpfEdkifonf/ Oyrm -

OD;wnfzrf;rnhf ig;tkyfpktqihf (yrmP) onf uefYowftrSwfatmufa&mufaeygu ig;zrf;jcif;udk

&yfqdkif;rnf/ ig;tkyfpk yHkrSeftajctaejyefa&mufonhftxd apmihfrnf/ þpnf;urf;rsdK;udk ]]qHk;jzwfcsuf

pnf;urf;rsm;}} (decision rules) [kac:í ig;vkyfief;rdk',fykHpHwGif xnhfoGif;wnfaqmufEdkifonf/

vkyfief;rdk',fyHkpHudk biological operating model ESihf economic operating model [lí 2 ck cGJjcm;Edkifonf/

Biological operating Model (ZD0vkyfief;rdk',f) rSm rdk',fyHkpH wnfaqmufrnhf pepfwpfck\ ZD0aA'qdkif&m

tcsuftvuf oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;onf/ Economic Operating Model (pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rdk',f) rSm ig;zrf;pnf;urf;rsm;csrSwfrSKaMumihf a&vkyfom;wdkY\ wHkYjyeftjyKrlrsm;ESihf

a&vkyfom;wdkY\ tjyKrlrsm;ay: oufa&muftajctaersm;udk &Sif;vif;azmfjyonf/ þ decision rules rsm;onf tpm;xdk;pDrHcefYcGJrSK pepfESihf ,cifuusifhoHk;cJhaom aemufcHpepfudk ESKdif;,SOf oHk;oyfEdkif&ef

taxmufuljyKonf/

a&&SnfjyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufrsm; udkvnf; yHkrSef (3-5 ESpf wpfBudrf) aqmif&Gufoihfonf/ trSDcdkuif;

vGwfvyfaom wwd,tkyfpkpm&if;ppftzGJUjzihf qdkygu ydkívdkvm;tyfonf/ taumif;qHk;rSm þjyefvnf

oHk;oyfcsuf rsm;udk ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom r[mAsL[mvkyfief;pOfrsm;txd a&muf&Sdap&ef pDpOfoihfonf/ (tcef; 6?

pDrHcsufrsm; – The link between policy and action Munhf)

þoHk;oyfcsufrsm;wGif NyD;jynhfpHkaom pDrHcefYcGJa&;tpDtpOfrsm; xnhfoGif;oihfouJhodkY OD;pm;ay;

ajz&Sif;&rnfh jyóemrsm;udkvnf; xnhfoGif; oihfonf/ tcsdefMumjrifhpGmjyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufrsm; aMumihf

,cifu owfrSwfcJhaom OD;pm;ay;jyóemrsm; ,cktcg roihfavsmfawmhaMumif; taxmuftxm;&&Sd

Edkifonf/

tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmifjcif;? apmihfMuyfMunhf½SKjcif;? qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;?

tm;vHk;wdkYtwGuf bwf*sufqGJay;&ef vdktyfonf/ tcef; 14? tqifY 3.4 wGif azmfjycJhaom EAFM twGuf

aiGaMu;axmufyHhrSKenf;vrf;udk &SmazG&mwGif M&E vkyfief;pOf rsm;twGuf budget owfrSwfay;&ef r&Sdrjzpf

ta&;BuD;onf/ txl;ojzihf tuJjzwfjcif;ESihf jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;udpörsm;twGuf budget xnfhqGJ&efjzpfonf/

xkdodkY r[kwfygu taumiftxnfazmfjzpfvm&ef tajctaer&Sdyg/

tusOf;csHK;&vQif qef;ppf tuJjzwfjcif;udk tenf;qHk; wpfESpfwpfBudrf vkyfoifhfonf/ ESpfpOf ESpftvdkuf

tuJjzwfjcif;aMumihf pDrHcefYcGJa&;udk jyefoHk;oyf&ef? oihfavsmfovdkwkHYjyef&ef tajctaersdK; a&mufvmEdkifonf/

(tu,fí aumif;pGmtvkyfrjzpfygu)? xdkYtwl pnf;urf;vdkufemusifYoHk;a&;ESihf pnf;urf; xdef;odrf;a&;

udpöwGif jyefvnfoHk;oyf&ef? oihfavsmfovdk wHkYjyef jyKjyif&ef tajcaersdK; a&mufvmEdkifonf/ ig;ESpfwpfBudrfcefY

t"duusaom qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;ESihf jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;udk vkyfoihfonf/ tu,fíoihfavsmfygu

jyóemrsm;? yef;wdkifrsm;ESihf &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk ppfaq;oihfonf/ (yHk-17.4)

yHk-17.4/ M&E vkyfief;pOfrsm;/ pDrHcsufudka&wdk? a&&SnfjyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/

vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsuf - EAFM ÓPfprf;ar;cGef;

tdrfavhusifhcef; (tdrfpm) / EAFM vkyfief;jzpfpOftqihfrsm; tzGJUvdkufxkwfvkyfrSK yrmP (tajz&v'f)

udk jyefoHk;oyfí EAFM pDrHcsufyHkpHcGuf (template) xJ0ifap&efpOf;pm;yg/ oifonf yOöraeYwGif EAFM

pDrHcsufudk wifjyedkif&ef pDpOfyg/ oauFw? wifjy&rnhfyHkpH (format) onf power point r[kwfyg/

zwf&SKavYvm&ef tBuHjyKwdkufwGef;aom pmtkyfrsm;

Websites

Australian National Fisheries ESD website: http://www.eafm.com.au

Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project: http://www.boblme.org

Coral Triangle Initiative: http://www.coraltriangleinitiative.org/

EAFnet: http://www.fao.org/fishery/eaf-net/en

EBM Tools Network: http://www.ebmtools.org/

International Institute for Sustainable Development: http://www.iisd.org

Knowledge Management Toolkit: http://www.kstoolkit.org

NOAA Fisheries Tools Website: http://nft.nefsc.noaa.gov/index.html

NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program: http://coralreef.noaa.gov/aboutcrcp/international/ctr/

Other web-based resources and literature Agardy, T. 2010. Ocean zoning: making marine management more effective. Earthscan, Rutledge. 240pp

APFIC. 2009. APFIC/FAO Regional consultative workshop “Practical implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture”, 18-22 May 2009, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RAP Publication 2009/10. Bangkok, Thailand. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. 96pp

AusAID. 2000. Good governance – guiding principles for implementation. Canberra, Australia. The Australian Agency for International Development.

Bell, J.D.; Johnson, J.E. & Hobday, A.J., eds. 2011. Vulnerability of tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia. 925p

Christie, P.; Fluharty, D.L.; White, A.T.; Eisma-Osorio, L. & Jatulan, W. 2007. Assessing the feasibility of Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management in tropical contexts. Marine Policy 31: 239-250

Chua, T-E. 2006. The dynamics of integrated coastal management (practical applications in the sustainable coastal development in East Asia). In: Regional programme on building partnerships in environmental management for the seas of East Asia (PEMSEA). Quezon City, Philippines.

Clarke, P & Jupiter, S. 2010. Principles and practice of Ecosystem-Based Management: a guide for conservation practitioners in the tropical Western Pacific. Suva, Fiji.Wildlife Conservation Society.

Coffey, C. Undated. Good governance and the Common Fisheries Policy: an environmental perspective. London, UK. Institute for European Environmental Policy.

Daw, T.; Adger, W.; Brown, K. & Badjeck, M-C. 2009. Climate change and capture fisheries: potential impacts, adaptation and mitigation. In: K. Cochrane, C. De Young & T. Bahri, eds. Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture: overview of current scientific knowledge. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 530. Rome, Italy. FAO.

De Young, C.; Charles, A. & Hjort, A. 2008. Human dimensions of the ecosystem approach to fisheries: an overview of context, concepts, tools and methods. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 489. Rome, Italy. FAO. 152pp

Ehler, C. & Douvere, F. 2009. Marine Spatial Planning: a step-by-step approach toward Ecosystem- Based Management. UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and Man and the Biosphere Programme. IOC Manuals and Guides No. 53, ICAM Dossier No. 6. 99pp

FAO. 2003. The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries No. 4 Suppl. 2. Rome, Italy. FAO. 112pp

FAO. 2005. Putting into practice the ecosystem approach to fisheries. Rome, Italy. FAO. 76pp

http://coralreef.noaa.gov/aboutcrcp/international/ctr/

FAO. 2008. The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries. G. Bianchi & H.R. Skjoldal, eds. CABI Publishing and FAO. 363pp

FAO. 2009. Fisheries management. 2. The ecosystem approach to fisheries. 2.2 Human dimensions of the ecosystem approach to fisheries. FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. No. 4, Suppl. 2, Add. 2. Rome, Italy. FAO. 88pp

FAO. 2011. Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. No.4, Suppl. 4. Marine Protected Areas and Fisheries. Rome, Italy. FAO. 198pp

FAO. 2012. EAF Toolbox: the ecosystem approach to fisheries. Rome, Italy. FAO. 172pp

Fernandes, L.; Green, A.; Tanzer, J.; White, A.; Alino, P.M.; Jompa, J.; Lokani, P.; Soemodinoto, A.; Knight, M.; Pomeroy, B.; Possingham, H. & Pressey, B. 2012. Biophysical principles for designing resilient networks of marine protected areas to integrate fisheries, biodiversity and climate change objectives in the Coral Triangle. Report prepared by The Nature Conservancy for the Coral Triangle Support Partnership. 152pp

Fletcher W.J. 2008. A guide to implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) within the western and central Pacific Region - version 5 (March 2008). Honiara, Solomon Islands. Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency.

Available at: http://www.fisheries-esd.com/a/pdf/EAFM%20GUIDE%20Version%205.pdf Fulton, E.A.; Smith, A.D.M. & Johnson C.R. 2003. Effect of complexity on marine ecosystem models. Marine Ecology Progress Series 253: 1-16

Fulton E.A.; Smith, A.D.M.; & Punt, A.E. 2005. Which ecological indicators can robustly detect effects of fishing? ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 540-551

Fulton, E.A.; Smith A.D.M.; Smith D.C. & van Putten, I.E. 2010. Human behaviour - the neglected source of uncertainty in fisheries management. Fish and Fisheries. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979. 2010.00371.

Fulton, E.A. 2010. Approaches to end-to-end ecosystem models. Journal of Marine Systems 81 (1-2). doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.12.012

Garcia, S.M.; Zerbi, A.; Aliaume, C.; Do Chi, T. & Lasserre, G. 2003. The ecosystem approach to fisheries. Issues, terminology, principles, institutional foundations, implementation and outlook. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 443. Rome, Italy. FAO. 71pp

Green, S.J.; White, A. & Kilarski, S., eds. 2013. Designing marine protected area networks to achieve fisheries, biodiversity, and climate change objectives in tropical ecosystems: a practitioners guide. Cebu City, Philippines. The Nature Conservancy and the Coral Triangle Support Partnership. viii + 35p

ICSFW

Katsanevakis, S.; Stelzenmüller, V.; South, A.; Sørensen, T.K.; Jones, P.J.S.; Kerr, S.; Badalamenti, F.; Anagnostou, C.; Breen, P.; Chust, G.; D'Anna, G.; Duijn, M.; Filatova, T.; Fiorentino, F.; Hulsman, H.; Johnson, K.; Karageorgis, A.P.; Kröncke, I.; Mirto, S.; Pipitone, C.; Portelli, S.; Qiu, W.; Reiss, H.; Sakellariou, D.; Salomidi, M.; van Hoof, L.; Vassilopoulou, V.; Fernández, T.V.; Vöge, S.; Weber, A.; Zenetos, A. & ter Hofstede, R. 2011. Ecosystem-based marine spatial management: review of concepts, policies, tools, and critical issues. Ocean and Coastal Management 54 (11): 807–820

McLeod, K. & Leslie, H., eds. 2009. Ecosystem-Based Management for the oceans. Island Press. 392pp

Mengerink, K.; Schempp, A. & Austin, J. 2009. Ocean and coastal Ecosystem-Based Management: Implementation Handbook. Environmental Law Institute. 158pp

OECD. 2007. Principle elements of good governance. Paris, France. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/

Plagányi, É.E. 2007. Models for an ecosystem approach to fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 477. Rome, Italy. FAO. 108p.

Pomeroy, R & Rivera-Guieb, R. 2006. Fisheries co-management: a practical handbook. Ottawa, Canada. CABI Publishing and International Development Research Centre. 264pp

Pomeroy, R.; Garces, L.; Pido, M. & Silvestre, G. 2010. Ecosystem-based fisheries management in small-scale tropical fisheries: emerging models of governance arrangements in the Philippines. Marine Policy. 34: 298-308

Rice J. 2007. Investigating the roots of confusion. Marine Ecosystems and Management.1:1 SEAFDEC. 2003. Regional guidelines for responsible fisheries in Southeast Asia: fisheries management. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center MFRDMD/SP/3. 69pp

Sen, A., Stiglitz, J. E., & Fitoussi, J-P. (2009). Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. Paris, France: The Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. 292pp.

SPC. 2010. A community-based ecosystem approach to fisheries management: guidelines for Pacific Island Countries. Compiled by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. 65pp

Staples, D. & Funge-Smith, S. 2009. Ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture: implementing the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. RAP Publication 2009/11. Bangkok, Thailand. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. 48pp

UNESCAP. 2007. What is good governance? United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Available at:

http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/gg/governance.pdf

http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/gg/governance.pdf