ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
Compliance of Terms of Reference for the expansion of sugar mill from 2500 to 6000 TCD and molasses based distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd.
Village: Shreenathnagar Patethan, Post: Rahu, Tal: Daund, Dist: Pune
Maharashtra-412207
This project was submitted to MoEFCC (EAC) in Aug 2017 for ToR for preparation of EIA
report. The EAC considered the project and prescribed the standard ToR for undertaking
details EIA study. The pointwise compliance of compliance of ToRs is given in the table
below
A. Model TOR by MoEF&CC (April 2015)
# Points of TOR Compliance
1. Executive Summary Prepared, bound separately and
submitted along with EIA report
2. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET
accreditation
Vasantdada Sugar Institute
Manjari (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra-
412307
Accredited by QCI/NABET;
Certificate No.:
NABET/EIA/1417/SA 0014
3. Information about the project proponent Details are given in Chapter I, Point
1.3, Page 1-2
4. Importance and benefits of the project Details are given in Chapter I, Point
1.5, Page 1-3
5. Cost of project and time of completion Details are given in Chapter II, Point
2.16, Table 2.17 and 2.18 Page 2-46
6. Products with capacities for the
proposed project
Details are given in Chapter II, Table
2.2, Page 2-3
7. If expansion project, details of existing products
with capacities and whether adequate land is
available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if
any
This is expansion of sugar unit and
molasses based distillery project.
Earlier capacities given in Chapter II,
point 2.2 page 2-1
Land Breakup given in Chapter II,
Point 2.7.4, Table 2.5, Page 2-11
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
8. List of raw materials required and their
source along with mode of transportation
Details are given in Chapter II, Please
refer to Table 2.4, Page 2-10
9. Other chemicals and materials required
with quantities and storage capacities
Details are given in Chapter II, Please
refer to Table 2.4, Page 2-10
10. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous
waste generation and their management
Details are given in Chapter II, Point
2.13, Table 2.9, Page 2-21
11. Requirement of water, power, with source of
supply, status of approval, water balance
diagram, man-power requirement (regular and
contract)
Water requirement for the proposed
project will be met from Bhima River.
Water drawl permission is attached
as Annexure VI. Details are given in
Chapter II, Point 2.7.5, 2.7.7, Table
2.6 and 2.7, Page 2-12 to 2-14,
manpower requirement in Table 2.2
on page 2-5
12. Process description along with major
equipment’s and machineries, process flow
sheet (quantitative) from raw material to
products to be provided
Details are given in Chapter II, Point
2.8, Page 2-16 to 2-19
13. Hazard identification and details of proposed
safety systems
Please refer to Chapter VII, Point
7.2.1, Page 7-4
14. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s)
including Amendments thereto obtained for the
project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as
an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest
Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the
Ministry of Environment and Forests as per
circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of
compliance of conditions stipulated in all the
existing environmental clearances including
Amendments shall be provided. In addition,
status of compliance of Consent to Operate for
the ongoing /existing operation of the project
EC was applicable only to existing
distillery since existing sugar mill
capacity is 2500 TCD
EC of distillery is attached as
Annexure VIII- A
Consent for sugar mill & distillery is
attached as Annexure VII- A & B
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP
report
15. In case the existing project has not obtained
environmental clearance, reasons for not taking
EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification
1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be
provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No
Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in
case of units operating prior to EIA Notification
2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained
from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further,
compliance report to the conditions of consents
from the SPCB shall be submitted
Existing sugar mill capacity is 2500
TCD hence EC is not applicable
Consent for sugar mill is attached as
Annexure VII B
16. Location of the project site covering village,
Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification
for selecting the site, whether other sites were
considered
Details are given in Chapter I, Please
refer to Point 1.2, Figure 1.1 Page 1-1
and Point 2.4 Page 2-2
17. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km
and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on
an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive
areas and environmentally sensitive places)
Please refer to Annexure I (B) for
Toposheet
18. Details with respect to option analysis for
selection of site
Please refer to Chapter V, Point 5.1,
Page 5-1
19. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the
site
Please refer to Chapter III, Point
3.3.1, Page 3-1
20. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project
site
Please refer to Chapter III, Figure 3.1,
Page 3-3
21. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as
proposed unit indicating storage area, plant
area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located
within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex,
layout of Industrial area indicating location of
unit within the Industrial area/Estate
Please refer to Chapter I, Figure 1.1,
Page 1-3 and Chapter II, Figure 2.1,
Page 2-6
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
22. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if
applicable) plant site. If existing, show
photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in
particular
Please refer to Chapter II, Figure 2.20
A & Figure 2.20 B Page2-44 & 2-45
23. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site
(identified and acquired), government/private -
agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies,
settlements, etc shall be included. (not required
for industrial area)
Please refer to Chapter III, Point
3.3.2.2, Table 3.3 Page 3-6
24. A list of major industries with name and type
within study area (10km radius) shall be
incorporated. Land use details of the study area
Please refer to Chapter III, Table 3.16
25. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status
of the study area shall be included
Please refer to Chapter III, Point 3.4.4
Page 3-19 and Point 3.5.1 and 3.5.2
Page 3-24
26. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km
radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km
radius of any major river, peak and lean season
river discharge as well as flood occurrence
frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past
30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site
and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also
be provided (mega green field projects)
Please refer to Chapter III, Figure 3.6
Page 3-14, Table 3.1 and 3.2, Page 3-
2 to 3-3
27. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not
complete, stage of the acquisition process and
expected time of complete possession of the land
Land is already in possession of
factory. Please refer Chapter No. II,
Point No. 2.7.4, Page 2-11
28. R&R details in respect of land in line with state
Government policy
Not Applicable
29. Permission and approval for the use of forest
land (forestry clearance), if any, and
recommendations of the State Forest
Department (if applicable)
Not Applicable
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
30. Land use map based on High resolution satellite
imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating
the forestland (in case of projects involving
forest land more than 40 ha)
Please refer to Chapter III, Point
3.3.2.2, Figure 3.2 Page 3-6 & 3-7
31. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the
stage I forestry clearance along with latest status
shall be submitted
No forest land is used for the
proposed project
32. The projects to be located within 10 km of the
National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere
Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals,
the project proponent shall submit the map duly
authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing
these features vis-à-vis the project location and
the recommendations or comments of the Chief
Wildlife Warden thereon
Not Applicable.
No National Parks, Sanctuaries,
Biosphere Reserves, Migratory
Corridors of Wild Animals located
within 10 km radius of the project
site, Details are given in Chapter III
point 3.3.1 Table 3.1 Page 3-2
33. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated
by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State
Government for conservation of Schedule I
fauna, if any exists in the study area
Not Applicable
34. Copy of application submitted for clearance
under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the
Standing Committee of the National Board for
Wildlife
Not Applicable
35. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at
the project site and site-specific micro-
meteorological data using temperature, relative
humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and
rainfall
Please refer to Chapter III point
3.3.1.1 and Table 3.2 Page 3-3 and
Chapter IV, Point 4.3.2.1.1, Page 4-9
36. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters
relevant to the project shall be collected. The
monitoring stations shall be based CPCB
guidelines and take into account the pre-
Please refer to Annexure 10 and
Chapter III, Table 3.5 Page 3-11,
Point 3.4.5, Table 3.9 Page 3-21
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
dominant wind direction, population zone and
sensitive receptors including reserved forests
37. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks
of all stations as per frequency given in the
NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with -
min., max., average and 98% values for each of
the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ
stations should be provided as an annexure to
the EIA Report
Please refer to Annexure 10 and
Chapter III, Point 3.4.5, Table 3.9
Page 3-21
38. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m
upstream and downstream of discharge point)
and other surface drains at eight locations as per
CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines
Please refer to Chapter No. III, Table
3.5 Page 3-11 and Table 3.7 Page 3-
15
39. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of
river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes
give details
Not Applicable
Site does not fall near to polluted
stretch of river identified by the
CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details
40. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8
locations shall be included
Please refer to Chapter III, Table 3.8
Page 3-17
41. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the
study area
Please refer to Chapter III, Table 3.10
Page 3-24
42. Soil characteristic as per CPCB guidelines Please refer to Chapter III, Table 3.6
Page 3-13
43. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles,
frequency of vehicles for transportation of
materials, additional traffic due to proposed
project, parking arrangement etc.
Please refer to Chapter III, Point
3.8.1, Table 3.17
44. Detailed description of flora and fauna
(Terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study
area shall be given with special reference to rare,
endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I
fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife
Please refer Annexure-XII for list of
flora & fauna existing in the study
area.
No schedule-I fauna was found in the
study area.
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
Conservation Plan shall be prepared and
furnished
45. Socio-economic status of the study area Please refer to Chapter III, Point 3.7,
Page 3-28 to 3-30
46. Assessment of ground level concentration of
pollutants from the stack emission based on
site-specific meteorological features. In case the
project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP
Modeling shall be done using inputs of the
specific terrain characteristics for determining
the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ.
Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions
(including transportation) on the AAQ of the
area shall be assessed. Details of the model used
and the input data used for modeling shall also
be provided. The air quality contours shall be
plotted on a location map showing the location
of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive
receptors, if any.
Please refer to Chapter IV, Point
4.3.2.1.1 and 4.3.2.2, Page 4-9 to 4-14
47. Water Quality modeling - in case of discharge in
water body
No discharge in water body as ‘Zero
liquid discharge’ will be achieved
48. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and
end products on the surrounding environment
shall be assessed and provided. In this regard,
options for transport of raw materials and
finished products and wastes (large quantities)
by rail or rail-cum road transport or convey or
cum- rail transport shall be examined
Please refer to Chapter II and IV,
Point 4.3.1, Page 4-5
49. A note on treatment of wastewater from
different plant operations, extent recycled and
reused for different purposes shall be included.
Complete scheme of effluent treatment.
Characteristics of untreated and treated
Please refer to Chapter V, Point 5.3
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
effluent to meet the prescribed standards of
discharge under E(P) Rules
50. Details of stack emission and action plan for
control of emissions to meet standards
Please refer to Chapter IV, Point
4.3.2.1.1, Page 4-9
51. Measures for fugitive emission control Please refer to Chapter IV, Point
4.3.3, Page 4-12
52. Details of hazardous waste generation and their
storage, utilization and management. Copies of
MOU regarding utilization of solid and
hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be
included. EMP shall include the concept of
waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover
techniques, Energy conservation, and natural
resource conservation.
Please refer to Chapter IV, Point
4.5.1.1, Page 4-16
53. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as
per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of
action shall be provided
Please refer to Chapter IV, Point
4.3.2.1, Page 4-6
54. Action plan for the green belt development plan
in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500
trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of
plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be
included. The green belt shall be around the
project boundary and a scheme for greening of
the roads used for the project shall also be
incorporated.
Please refer to Chapter IX point 9.4
Page 9-11
55. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures
at plant site shall be submitted to harvest
rainwater from the roof tops and storm water
drains to recharge the ground water and also to
use for the various activities at the project site to
conserve fresh water and reduce the water
requirement from other sources
Please refer to Chapter IX, Point
9.3.3.2, Table 9.2 Page 9-10
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
56. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for
environmental pollution control measures shall
be included
Please refer to Chapter II, Point 2.16,
Page 2-46
Chapter IX, Point 9.8, Table 9.8 Page
9-18
57. Action plan for post-project environmental
monitoring shall be submitted
Please refer to Chapter VI
58. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and
Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency
Management Plan including Risk Assessment
and damage control. Disaster management plan
should be linked with District Disaster
Management Plan
Please refer to Chapter VII, Point 7.9
Page 7-20 and Point 7.11 Page 7-27
59. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the
occupational health & safety of all contract and
casual workers
Please refer to Chapter XI, Table 9.8
60. Details of exposure specific health status
evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is
being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x
rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing
(Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other
ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and
periodical examinations give the details of the
same. Details regarding last month analyzed
data of above mentioned parameters as per age,
sex, duration of exposure and department wise.
Please refer to Annexure No. XIII
61. Details of existing Occupational & Safety
Hazards. What are the exposure levels of
hazards and whether they are within
Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are
not within PEL, what measures the company has
adopted to keep them within PEL so that health
of the workers can be preserved
Please refer to Chapter VII and
Chapter IX Point 9.5 Page 9-14
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
62. Annual report of heath status of workers with
special reference to Occupational Health and
Safety.
Please refer to Chapter IX Point 9.5
Page 9-14
63. Does the company have a well laid down
Environment Policy approved by its Board of
Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA
report.
Not available
64. Does the Environment Policy prescribed for
standard operating process / procedures to
bring into focus any infringement / deviation /
violation of the environmental or forest norms
/conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA
Not available
65. What is the hierarchical system or
Administrative order of the company to deal
with the environmental issues and for ensuring
compliance with the environmental clearance
conditions? Details of this system may be given
Please refer to Chapter IX, Figure 9.5,
Page 9-20
66. Does the company have system of reporting of
non compliances / violations of environmental
norms to the Board of Directors of the company
and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large?
This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in
the EIA report
Please refer to Chapter VI, Table
6.5b and 6.6a Page 6-7
67. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such
as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided
to the labour force during construction as well
as to the casual workers including truck drivers
during operation phase.
Please refer to Chapter IX, Point 9.5
& 9.6 Table 9.7 Page 9-14 to 9-18
68. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project
cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise
Social Commitment based on Public Hearing
issues and item-wise details along with time
bound action plan shall be included. Socio-
Please refer to Chapter IX, Table 9.7,
Page 9-17
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
economic development activities need to be
elaborated upon
69. Any litigation pending against the project
and/or any direction/order passed by any Court
of Law against the project, if so, details thereof
shall also be included. Has the unit received any
notice under the Section 5 of Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of
Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and
compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present
status of the case
No litigation pending
F70. A tabular chart with index for point wise
compliance of above TOR
Given in EIA Report
B. Specific terms of reference for EIA studies for sugar industry
# Points of TOR Compliance
1 Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its
processes and operations in production of sugar, along
with material and energy inputs and outputs (material
and energy balance).
Please refer to Chapter II,
Point 2.8, Figure 2.3 Page 2-
16, 2-17
2 Details on water balance including quantity of effluent
generated, recycled & reused. Efforts to minimize
effluent is charge and to maintain quality of receiving
water body.
Please refer to Chapter II,
Point 2.7.5, Table 2.6 Page 2-
12, 2-13
3 Details of effluent treatment plant, inlet and treated
water quality with specific efficiency of each treatment
unit in reduction in respect to fall concerned / regulated
environmental parameters.
Please refer to Chapter II,
Point No 2.14.1, Figure No.
2.7 Page 2-22 to 2-25
4 Number of working days of the sugar production unit. Please refer to Chapter II,
Point 2.5, Table 2.2 Page 2-3
5 Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Please refer to Chapter II,
Point 2.7.6 Page 2-14
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
# Points of TOR Compliance
6 Details of proposed source-specific pollution control
schemes and equipment’s to meet the national
standards.
Please refer to Chapter II,
Point 2.14.1, Figure 2.7,
Page2-22 to 2-25, Point
2.14.4, 2.14.5 & 2.14.6 Page
2-38 to 2-40
7 Collection, storage, handling and transportation of
molasses
Please refer to Chapter II,
Point 2.7.2 table 2.4 Page 2-9
8 Collection, storage and handling of bagasse and press
mud.
Please refer to Chapter II,
Point 2.7.3 Page 2-10
9 Fly ash management plan for coal based and bagasse
and action plan
Please refer to Chapter IV,
Point 4.3.2.1.1, Page 4-9
10 Details on water quality parameters such as
Temperature, Colour, pH, BOD, COD, Total Kjeldhal
Nitrogen, Phosphates, Oil & Grease, Total Suspended
Solids, Total Coli form bacteria etc.
Please refer to Chapter III,
Table 3.5 Page 3-11 and
Table 3.7 Page 3-15
11 Details on existing ambient air quality and expected,
stack and fugitive emissions for PM10, PM2.5, SO2*,
NOx*, etc., and evaluation of the adequacy of the
proposed pollution control devices to meet standards
for point sources and to meet AAQ standards. (*-As
applicable)
Please refer to Annexure 10
and Chapter III, Point 3.4.5
Page 3-21, Table 3.5 Page 3-
11, Table 3.9 Page 3-21
C. Specific terms of reference for EIA studies for Distilleries
# Points of TOR Compliance
1 List of existing distillery units in the study area along
with their capacity and sourcing of raw material.
Please refer to Chapter III, Point
3.7.4.3 Table 3.16 Page 3-30
2 Number of working days of the distillery unit. Please refer to Chapter II, Point
2.5, Table 2.2 Page 2-3
3 Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains,
their source with availability.
Please refer to Chapter II, Table
2.4 Page 2-10
4 Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Please refer to Chapter II, Point
2.7.6 Page 2-14
ToR Compliance
ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
5 Surface and Ground water quality around proposed
spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard.
Please refer to Chapter III, Table
3.7 and 3.8 Page 3-15 to 3-18
6 Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8
KL/KL of alcohol produced.
Please refer to Chapter II, point
2.8 Page 2-16 and Figure 2.4
Page 2-19
7 Proposed effluent treatment system for
molasses/grain based distillery (spent wash, spent
lees, condensate and utilities) as well as domestic
sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent
discharge (ZLD).
Please refer to Chapter II, point
2.14.2 and Figure 2.8, 2.9 and
2.10 Page 2-27 to 2-30
8 Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption
within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production
Please refer to Chapter II, point
2.7.5 and Table 2.6 Page 2-12
9 Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank,
material used, design consideration. No. of
peizometers to be proposed around spent wash
holding tank.
Please refer to Chapter II, Figure
2.11 Page 2-34
10 Action plan to control ground water pollution Please refer to Chapter II, Figure
2.12, 2.13 and 2.14
11 Details of solid waste management including
management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of
incinerated spent wash ash generation and its
disposal.
Please refer to Chapter II, Point
2.14.6 Page 2-38
12 Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable). Please refer to Chapter II, Point
2.14.2.3 A Page 2-28
13 Action plan to control odour pollution. Please refer to Chapter II, Point
2.14.2.3 Figure 2.10, Page 2-27
and 2-28
14 Arrangements for installation of continuous online
monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device)
Please refer to Chapter IX, Table
9.8 & 9.9 Page 9-18
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CONTENTS OF REPORT
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1-1
1.2 Purpose of the report 1-1
1.3 Identification of project and project proponent 1-2
1.4 Preliminary project information 1-2
1.5 Importance of project to the country 1-3
1.6 Scope of the study 1-4
1.7 Environmental Legislation 1-4
1.8 Structure of the report 1-4
II PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Introduction 2-1
2.2 Type of project 2-1
2.3 Need for the project 2-1
2.4 Selection of site 2-2
2.5 Project highlights 2-3
2.6 Size or magnitude of operation 2-6
2.7 Infrastructure 2-9
2.7.1 Sugarcane 2-9
2.7.2 Molasses 2-9
2.7.3 Press mud 2-10
2.7.4 Land 2-11
2.7.5 Water 2-12
2.7.6 Steam 2-14
2.7.7 Power 2-14
2.7.8 Fuel 2-15
2.7.8.1 Fuel Composition 2-16
2.8 Process description 2-16
2.9 Fire protection system 2-20
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
2.10 Bagasse handling system 2-20
2.11 Ash handling system 2-20
2.12 Manpower 2-20
2.13 Environmental aspects 2-21
2.14 Pollution aspect 2-22
2.14.1 Sugar Unit 2-22
2.14.1.1 ETP; Primary treatment 2-25
2.14.1.2 Secondary treatment 2-26
2.14.2 Distillery Unit 2-27
2.14.2.1 Primary Treatment for Spentwash 2-27
2.14.2.2 Secondary treatment for Spentwash - MEE 2-30
2.14.2.3 Tertiary treatment for Spentwash 2-30
2.14.3 Sewage 2-38
2.14.4 Air emissions and Control measures 2-38
2.14.5 Noise Control 2-39
2.14.6 Solid waste generation and management 2-40
2.14.7 Hazardous waste 2-40
2.15 Greenbelt development 2-41
2.16 Cost of the project 2-46
III BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 3.1 Introduction 3-1
3.2 Methodology of Baseline Study 3-1
3.3 Description of Study Area 3-1
3.3.1 Description of Site and surrounding features 3-1
3.3.1.1 Access to the site 3-3
3.3.2 Land Use Pattern 3-4
3.3.2.1 Methodology 3-4
3.3.2.2 Land use/ land cover classes details 3-6
3.3.3 Climatic conditions of the Daund Taluka 3-7
3.3.3.1 Rainfall 3-7
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
3.3.3.2 Temperature 3-8
3.3.3.3 Relative humidity 3-8
3.3.3.4 Cloudiness 3-8
3.3.3.5 Winds 3-8
3.3.3.5.1 Wind speed and wind direction 3-9
3.4 Environment monitoring data on soil, water, air and noise aspects
3-10
3.4.1 Soil: general characteristics for the district 3-11
3.4.1.1 Soil characteristics 3-12
3.4.1.2 Observations 3-13
3.4.2 Hydrology 3-14
3.4.3. Physico-chemical characteristics of surface water 3-14
3.4.3.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water 3-19
3.4.4 Hydrogeology 3-19
3.4.4.1 Major ground water problems and issues 3-21
3.4.5 Air environment 3-21
3.4.5.1 Observations 3-23
3.4.6 Noise environment 3-23
3.4.6.1 Method of monitoring 3-24
3.4.6.2 Parameters measured 3-24
3.5 Geography and geology 3-24
3.5.1 Geography 3-24
3.5.2 Geology 3-25
3.5.2.1 Minerals 3-25
3.6. Biological environment 3-26
3.6.1 Methodology 3-26
3.6.2 Floral diversity of study area 3-27
3.6.3 Faunal diversity of study area 3-27
3.6.4 Observations within 10 km surrounding study area 3-27
3.7 Socio-economic environment 3-28
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
3.7.1 Introduction 3-28
3.7.2 Methodology 3-28
3.7.3 Sources of information 3-28
3.7.4 Social profile 3-28
3.7.4.1 Demography 3-29
3.7.4.2 Literacy levels 3-29
3.7.4.3 Occupation structure 3-30
3.7.4.4 Settlement details 3-30
3.7.4.5 Availability of infrastructure 3-30
3.7.5 Social activities initiated and implemented by SMSKL
3-32
3.8 Other aspects 3-33
3.8.1 Traffic details 3-33
IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 Construction phase 4-1
4.2.1 Land transformation 4-2
4.2.2 Air environment 4-2
4.2.3 Water environment 4-3
4.2.4 Ecology 4-4
4.2.5 Natural resources 4-4
4.2.6 Socio-economic aspects 4-4
4.3 Operation Phase : Air pollution 4-5
4.3.1 Transportation 4-5
4.3.1.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures 4-5
4.3.2 Manufacturing process 4-6
4.3.2.1 Emissions due to burning of fuel 4-6
4.3.2.1.1 Dispersion modeling for air pollutants 4-9
4.3.2.2 Prediction 4-11
4.3.3 Other sources of air pollution 4-12
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
4.3.4 Impact assessment 4-13
4.3.5 Noise 4-13
4.4 Water environment 4-14
4.4.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures 4-14
4.4.1.1 Reuse of water (after proper treatment) 4-14
4.4.1.2 Recycle of water 4-14
4.4.1.3 Conservation of water 4-14
4.4.2 Impact assessment 4-14
4.5 Soil environment 4-15
4.5.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures 4-16
4.5.1.1 Hazardous waste 4-16
4.5.2 Impact assessment 4-16
4.6 Ecology and biodiversity 4-16
4.7 Impact socio-economic environment 4-20
4.8 Impact on physiography, geology and hydro-geology (drainage)
4-21
4.9 Other impact: Traffic 4-21
4.10 Summary 4-21
V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Alternative Site 5-1
5.2 Manufacturing process 5-1
5.2.1 Effluent Treatment Technologies 5-1
VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6.1 Introduction 6-1
6.2 Environmental management cell 6-1
6.2.1 Monitoring Plan 6-3
6.2.1.1 Water Environment 6-3
6.2.1.2 Air Environment 6-3
6.2.1.3 Noise Environment 6-3
6.2.1.4 Soil Environment 6-3
6.2.1.5 Other Conditions 6-4
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
6.2.3 Flow measurement 6-5
VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT)
7.1 Safety 7-1
7.1.1 Goals or Targets of safety 7-1
7.1.2 Procedures in case of accidents 7-2
7.2 Risk assessment and risk management 7-3
7.2.1 Hazard identification 7-4
7.2.1.1 Broad Categories of hazard 7-4
7.3 Probable risk factors 7-6
7.3.1 Fire in fuel storage yard 7-6
7.3.2 Mechanical Injury to Body Parts 7-7
7.3.3 Mitigation measures for fire hazards 7-8
7.3.4 Boiler operations 7-10
7.4 Qualitative risk assessment 7-10
7.5 Mitigation 7-14
7.5.1 Basic Design of the Sugar Unit 7-14
7.5.2 Steam Generating System 7-14
7.5.3. Turbo Generator System 7-14
7.5.4 Bagasse Handling 7-14
7.5.5 Milling Section 7-15
7.5.6 Control and Instrumentation 7-15
7.6 Risk Mitigation Measures : Fire Hazard 7-15
7.6.1 Fire Fighting System 7-15
7.6.1.1 Fire Extinguisher 7-15
7.6.1.2 Classification of Fire 7-15
7.6.1.3 Use of Fire Fighting Equipment 7-16
7.6.1.4 Fire Evacuation 7-16
7.6.1.5 Procedure For In Case Of Fire 7-16
7.6.1.6 Ventilation 7-17
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
7.6.1.7 First Aid 7-17
7.7 Other Measures 7-18
7.8 Safety Organization 7-19
7.9 Onsite Emergency Plan 7-20
7.9.1 Introduction 7-20
7.9.2 Objectives 7-21
7.9.3 Identification and Assessment of Hazard 7-21
7.9.4 Emergency Control Centre 7-21
7.9.5 Responsibilities of Works Manager 7-22
7.9.6 Emergency Siren 7-22
7.9.7 Wind Direction 7-23
7.9.8 Organization Chart for Dealing Emergencies 7-23
7.9.9 First Information 7-24
7.9.10 Brief Responsibilities 7-24
7.9.10.1 Chief Incident Controller 7-24
7.9.10.2 Site Incident Controller 7-24
7.9.10.3 Safety and Engineering Team 7-24
7.9.10.4 First-Aid Team 7-24
7.9.10.5 Fire Team , Security Team 7-24
7.9.10.6 Liaison Team 7-25
7.10 Responsibity In Details 7-25
7.10.1 Chief Incident Controller 7-25
7.10.2 Site Incident Controller 7-25
7.10.3 Safety Team and Engineering Team 7-26
7.10.4 Fire Team and Security Team 7-26
7.10.5 First-Aid Team 7-27
7.10.6 Responsibility of Non-Emergency Employees and Visitors
7-27
7.10.7 Key Emergency Personnel 7-27
7.10.8 Emergency Staff 7-27
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
7.11 Off-site emergency plan 7-27
7.12 Public hearing minutes 7-32
VIII PROJECT BENEFITS ANALYSIS 8.1 Project Benefits – for the project proponent 8-1
8.2 Project Benefits – for the local society 8-1
8.3 Benefits to country – Alcohol as a fuel 8-2
8.4 Environmental Benefit Analysis 8-2
IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.1 Overview 9-1
9.1.1 Objectives of EMP 9-1
9.2 EMP for construction phase 9-1
9.3 EMP for operation phase 9-2
9.3.1 Air Environment 9-6
9.3.1.1 Others Emission 9-6
9.3.2 Noise environment 9-6
9.3.3 Water environment 9-7
9.3.3.1 CREP guidelines for molasses based distilleries 9-8
9.3.3.2 Rainwater Harvesting 9-10
9.3.4 Land environment 9-10
9.3.4.1 Hazardous waste management 9-11
9.4 Greenbelt development 9-11
9.5 Safety, occupational health management 9-14
9.6 EMP for Social Environment 9-16
9.7 Environmental Monitoring Programme 9-18
9.8 Budgetary Allocation And Decision Making 9-18
X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 10.1 Salient features of the project 10-1
10.2 Conclusion 10-2
XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT 11.1 Consultant - Vasantdada Sugar Institute 11-1
11.2 Project team of EIA study 11-2
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
I INTRODUCTION
II PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Table 2.1 Cane availability in the command area of the mill-
Data for last five years
2-2
Table 2.2 Highlights of the project 2-3
Table 2.3 Expected performance of the sugar mill for next
five years
2-9
Table 2.4 Availability of raw materials, finished good product
and mode of transport
2-10
Table 2.5 Land Breakup 2-11
Table 2.6 Water Balance 2-12
Table 2.7 Power requirement 2-14
Table 2.8 Bagasse generation and net consumption estimate
for the proposed project
2-15
Table 2.9 Overview of environment management processes 2-21
Table 2.10 Important characteristics of raw spentwash 2-27
Table 2.11 Desired characteristics of bio-compost 2-31
Table 2.12 Composting requirements 2-32
Table 2.13 Mass balance for compost 2-32
Table 2.14 Solid waste generation and disposal 2-38
Table 2.15 Solid waste generation and disposal 2-38
Table 2.16 Tree species in existing green belt 2-39
Table 2.17 Proposed project cost details 2-43
Table 2.18 Project implementation scheduled 2-43
III BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
Table 3.1 Important Features around the Project Site 3-2
Table 3.2 Summary of Environmental features of study area 3-3
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
Table 3.3 Land use/Land cover statistics of the ten square
km area
3-6
Table 3.4 Annual rainfall for Daund taluka 3-8
Table 3.5 Monitoring Locations 3-11
Table 3.6 Soil analysis results for samples collected from the
study area
3-13
Table 3.7 Analysis report - Surface water sources from the
study area
3-15
Table 3.8 Analysis report - Groundwater sources from the
study area
3-17
Table 3.9 Baseline Ambient Air Quality data 3-21
Table 3.10 Noise Monitoring Results in dB(A) 3-24
Table 3.11 Religious status of Daund Taluka 3-28
Table 3.12 Number and percentage of Scheduled Caste and
Scheduled Tribe population in Daund Taluka, 2011
3-29
Table 3.13 Sex ratio by sub district 3-29
Table 3.14 Demographic details with respect to SC and ST
Population
3-29
Table 3.15 Number of literates and illiterates, literacy rate by
sex in sub-Districts, 2011
3-30
Table 3.16 List of Industries in the surrounding area 3-30
Table 3.17 Average Traffic per day 3-33
IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION
MEASURES
Table 4.1 General characteristics of bagasse 4-6
Table 4.2 Dispersion Model Input Data 4-9
Table 4.3 Resultant Concentrations Due To Incremental GLC's 4-11
Table 4.4 Solid Waste and its Management 4-16
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
Table 4.5 Summary of Impact Assessment and Environment
management plan proposed for the respective
aspect
4-22
V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
Table 6.1 Composition of Environment Management Cell 6-2
Table 6.2 Analysis of environmental parameters and its
reporting schedule
6-4
Table 6.3 Suggested schedule for maintenance of waste water
treatment unit
6-4
Table 6.4a Format for Water Consumption Reporting
Schedule – Sugar mill
6-5
Table 6.4b Format for Water Consumption Reporting
Schedule - Distillery
6-6
Table 6.5a Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting
Schedule – Sugar mill
6-6
Table 6.5b Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting
Schedule - Distillery
6-7
Table 6.6a Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule –
Sugar Mill
6-7
Table 6.6b Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule 6-8
Table 6.7 Format for Biocompost Reporting Schedule 6-8
VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER
MANAGEMENT)
Table 7.1 NFPA (national fire protection association) rating 7-7
Table 7.2 Hazardous areas in a molasses based distillery
attached to sugar mill.
7-8
Table 7.3 Probability of occurrence of hazard 7-10
Table 7.4 Severity – Impact intensity 7-10
Table 7.5 Mitigation measures for identified hazards 7-11
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
VIII PROJECT BENEFITS ANALYSIS
IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 9.1 Environment management plan: Operation Phase 9-2
Table 9.2 Details of rainwater harvesting and storage 9-10
Table 9.3 Management of Solid Waste 9-11
Table 9.4 Tree Plantation Details 9-11
Table 9.5 List of recommended species for greenbelt
development
9-12
Table 9.6 Flowering and foliage shrubs proposed for
greenbelt
9-13
Table 9.7 Financial provision for ESC (CSR) activities
planned for next five years
9-17
Table 9.8 Budgetary allocations for environment
management (Sugar Unit)
9-18
Table 9.9 Budgetary allocations for environment
management (Distillery Unit)
9-19
X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Table 10.1 Salient features of Proposed Project 10-1
XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
I INTRODUCTION
Figure 1.1 Project site location map 1-3
II PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Figure 2.1 Satellite image showing location of proposed
sugar and distillery unit
2-6
Figure 2.2
(A)
Layout of proposed sugar unit 2-7
Figure 2.2
(B)
Layout of proposed distillery unit 2-8
Figure 2.3 Flow chart of sugar manufacturing process 2-17
Figure 2.4 Schematic of RS/ENA/AA manufacturing process 2-19
Figure 2.5 Existing Fire Fighting System 2-20
Figure 2.6 Flowchart of effluent generation and
management from Sugar unit
2-22
Figure 2.7 Schematics of Effluent treatment plant 2-23
Figure 2.8 Flowchart for Spent wash treatment and disposal 2-26
Figure2.9 Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE) System 2-27
Figure 2.10 Aero tiller/ mixing machine for mixing up the
windrow
2-28
Figure 2.11 Sectional view of Spentwash storage lagoon 2-34
Figure 2.12 Existing Compost yard with Leachate gutter 2-34
Figure 2.13 Sectional view of compost yard 2-35
Figure 2.14 Sectional view of Leachate Gutter 2-35
Figure 2.15 Existing HDPE pipelines for carrying Spentwash 2-36
Figure 2.16 Existing Spentwash storage lagoon 2-36
Figure 2.17 Existing Venturi Wet Scrubber With Chimney 2-37
Figure 2.18 DG set with acoustic enclosure 2-37
Figure 2.19 Existing Greenbelt 2-40
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
Figure 2.20
(A)
Layout of Existing Greenbelt (Sugar unit) 2-41
Figure 2.20
(B)
Layout of Existing Greenbelt (Distillery unit) 2-42
III BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
Figure 3.1 Satellite image showing site and surrounding
area
3-3
Figure 3.2 Land use/land cover map of the study area 3-7
Figure 3.3 Wind rose 3-9
Figure 3.4 Wind class frequency distribution 3-10
Figure 3.5 Monitoring location map 3-10
Figure 3.6 Drainage map of the study area 3-14
Figure 3.7 Hydrogeology of Pune district 3-20
Figure 3.8 Geological and mineral map of Maharashtra 3-26
IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION
MEASURES
Figure 4.1 Isopleths showing incremental ground level
concentration of particulate matter (Short Term
24 Hourly) during cane crushing season
4-10
Figure 4.2 Isopleths showing incremental ground level
concentration of SO2 (Short Term 24 Hourly)
during cane crushing season
4-10
Figure 4.3 Isopleths showing incremental ground level
concentration of SO2 (Short Term 24 Hourly)
during off-season – bagasse + biogas as a fuel
4-11
V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY
VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
Figure 6.1 Schematics of Environment Management Cell 6-2
Contents
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No.
VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES
(SAFETY, RISK &DISASTER MANAGEMENT)
Figure 7.1 Schematic of procedure in case of accident 7-2
Figure 7.2 Bagasse yard with fire fighting system 7-8
VIII PROJECT BENEFIT ANALYSIS
IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 9.1 Schematic of Water Management 9-7
Figure 9.2 Rain water harvesting and storm water drainage
layout
9-10
Figure 9.3 Schematics of waste Management 9-11
Figure 9.4 Schematics of greenbelt development 9-14
Figure 9.5 Decision making and its implementation
hierarchy (from top to bottom) and reporting
hierarchy (bottom to top ) for environmental
conditions/ Compliances
9-20
X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
Figure 11.1 Activities of Department of Environmental
Science
11-1
ABBREVIATIONS
EIA Report: M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Patethan, Pune Proposed Expansion of Sugar and Molasses Based Distillery unit i
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATION FULL FORM
AA Absolute alcohol/ anhydrous alcohol
ACF Activated charcoal filter
AP Air pollution
AAQ Ambient Air quality
AQ Air Quality
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CREP Corporate Responsibility For Environmental Protection
DG Diesel Generator
DO Dissolved Oxygen
EC Environmental Clearance
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environment Management Plan
ENA Extra Neutral Alcohol
EPA Environmental (Protection) Act
FAE Functional Area Expert
GLC Ground Level Concentration
SHE Safety, Health and Environment
HWMH Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules
ID Induced Draft
IMD Indian Meteorological Department
IMFL Indian Made Foreign Liquor
IS Indian Standard
KLPD or KLD Kilo Liter Per Day
MINAS Minimal National Standards
MOC Material of construction
MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
MS Mild steel
MSDS Material Safety Datasheet
ABBREVIATIONS
EIA Report: M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Patethan, Pune Proposed Expansion of Sugar and Molasses Based Distillery unit ii
ABBREVIATION FULL FORM
MTD Metric Ton Per Day
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard
NABET National Accreditation Board for Education & Training
OSHA Occupational Safety And Health Administration
PEL Permissible Exposure Limit
PM Particulate Matter
ppm Parts per million
PPE Personal Protective Equipments
RM Raw material
RO Reverse Osmosis
RS Rectified Spirit
SPCB State Pollution Control Board
SPL Sound Pressure Level
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
SS Suspended Solids
STG Steam Turbine Generator
TCD Ton Crush per Day
TDS Total Dissolved Solid
TLV Threshold Limit Value
TPH Tons Per Hour
TPD Tons Per Day
VSI Vasantdada Sugar Institute
Annexure
EIA Report Annexure: Proposed Expansion of Sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Molasses Based Distillery unit from 30 to 55 KLPD M/S. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Patethan, Pune
List of Annexure Annexure
Number Particulars
I A) Site Location Map
B) Toposheet
II Satellite image showing monitoring location within10km study area
III Layout of proposed sugar unit
IV Layout of proposed distillery unit
V NOC from village panchayat
VI Water drawl permission
VII A. Consent to operate (Distillery)
B. Consent to operate (Sugar unit)
VIII A. Environmental Clearance of Distillery
B. Certified Compliance report
IX Approved Terms of Reference (ToR) for the proposed project
X Monitoring Reports of :
A) Ambient Air Quality
B) Noise
C) Water
D) Soil
XI Socio-economic data: Demographic details of Daund Taluka
XII List of Flora & Fauna of the study area
XIII A. Sample copy of medical checkup report of employee
B. Safety Training Report
XIV A. Existing Greenbelt Layout of sugar unit
B. Existing Greenbelt Layout of distillery unit
XV A. Piezometric well
B. Groundwater analysis report
XVI
Continuous online monitoring system
A. For distillery unit
B. For sugar unit
Chapter I
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-1
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The sugar industry is the second largest agro-based industry in India and provides
direct/indirect livelihood to millions of people. India is the worlds second largest producer of
sugarcane and sugar with the state of Maharashtra being the top sugar producing state. The
growth of sugar industry in the state started prior to independence in the private sector and in
the co-operative sector since 1950. The growth of this industry has certainly helped to improve
socio-economic life of the rural parts of the state.
The industry is characterized by the phenomenon of cyclicality i.e. cycles of boom and bust. This
affects the financial viability of the industry. Sugar mills cannot maintain their financial health
on a single product i.e. sugar. Hence, it is necessary to develop a sugar mill into affiliated
chemical complex and use the valuable byproducts more profitably.
Molasses is a very important by-product of the sugar industry. The profit earned by conversion
of molasses to alcohol is much higher than the value realised by sale of molasses. There is a
good demand for alcohol in the country as production and consumption of alcohol in India is
quite balanced. Alcohol has assumed a very important place in the economy of the country after
the ethanol blending program started in the country. The importance and utility of alcohol is
well known as an industrial raw material for manufacturing of a variety of organic chemicals
including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, potable alcohol etc.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
The purpose of this report is to get an Environmental Clearance for expansion of sugar unit from
2,500 to 6,000 TCD and molasses based distillery unit from 30 to 55 KLPD of M/s. Shreenath
Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., at village Shreenathnagar Patethan, Taluka Daund, Dist-Pune
by carrying out EIA studies. The notification no. S.O. 1533 promulgated on 14th September 2006
has covered sugar and distillery industry under Section 5(j) and 5(g) respectively. Since the
project involves expansion of distillery project it is placed under category ‘A’. This report
presents the environmental impact analysis of the proposed sugar and distillery expansion
project. The adverse impacts can be minimized by using appropriate control or mitigation
measures. The structure of the EIA report is as per the guidelines of the EIA notification, 2006
(Appendix III).
Chapter I
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-2
1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT
Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., (SMSKL) is one of the progressive sugar
factories in Maharashtra, set up in the year 2002-03 and is registered under the Government of
Maharashtra, Registration no. 1622100210937 (Re-validation date 22/12/2016). Shri.
Pandurang Raut is Chairman and Managing Director of the factory. The present installed
capacity of the sugar mill is 2,500 TCD along with molasses-based distillery unit of 30 KLPD. The
Management of the factory has undertaken extensive cane development activities in its
command area (i.e. area of operations), hence sugarcane area has increased over a period of
time. Considering the increased availability of sugarcane, the factory has decided to expand its
crushing capacity from 2,500 TCD to 6,000 TCD (operating capacity). Because of increase in the
crushing capacity, the production of byproduct like molasses will also increase. Considering this,
the management of SMSKL has decided to enhance the capacity of existing distillery unit from
30 KLPD to 55 KLPD, to improve its financial viability.
1.4 PRELIMINARY PROJECT INFORMATION
Name of the Industry M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd.
Size of the project Expansion of sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and distillery
unit from 30 to 55 KLPD
Location of the project Shreenathnagar Patethan, Taluka Daund, Dist. Pune,
Maharashtra-412207
Geographical Location 18°36’20.38’’N and 74°13’39.60’’E
Altitude 551m above MSL
Nearest City/Town Patethan approx. 2.50 km from the project site
Nearest Railway station Yavat and Urali Kanchan railway station approx. 16 km and 20
km respectively from the project site
Nearest National/ State
Highway
NH-9 (Pune-Machilipatnam) approx. 16 km from project site
SH-27 (Pune-Ahmednagar) approx. 18 km from project site
Nearest Airport Pune, 35 km from the project site
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-3
Figure 1.1: Project Site Location Map
1.5 IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT TO THE COUNTRY
India is one of the largest producers of sugarcane as well as sugar in the world. The sugarcane
is a cash crop for farmers. There are about 564 installed sugar factories in India. Most of the
sugar industries are located in rural areas providing employment to rural masses. Sugar
factories from Maharashtra are the backbone of rural economy. These factories have
contributed for the development of economy as well as infrastructure in rural areas, generated
ample of employment opportunity to local people.
As an agro based industry, Sugar industry in India is dependent on monsoon. Its financial
viability drastically gets affected due to weather conditions as well as market. Therefore, it is
imperative to explore the alternative products from the available resources so as improve its
financial stability. The importance of alcohol especially for the ethanol blending program in the
the energy security of the country cannot be over empahsized. In addition to reducing the
petroleum imports and saving precious foreign exchange, the use of fuel ethanol also helps to
Chapter I
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-4
reduce air pollution. This is also a major achievement considering the status of air pollution in
most cities n India.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The notification SO-1533, issued by the Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change
(MoEF&CC), Government of India, in September 2006 and it amendments till date, specify
thatcane crushing capacity greater than 5,000 TCD are placed under category ‘B’.The distillery
project is placed under category ‘A’. As per the guidelines this project is appraised by the Expert
Appriasal Committee (EAC) at central level. Therefore, the application for ‘Environmental
Clearance’ (EC) was submitted to EAC at MoEF&CC.
In order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the proposed expansion project and having a
high degree of concern for the environment, M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd.,
(SMSKL) has taken services of Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI), Manjari (Bk.), Pune to carry out
the study on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). VSI is a renowned institute, providing
research, technical and consultancy services to the sugar and distillery industries, since 1975.
VSI is accredited by NABET for carrying out EIA studies for the sugar,distillery and thermal
power (biomass based) projects.
1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
The key environmental legislation relevant to the project are given below-
i) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
ii) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
iii) Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
iv) Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
v) Environment Protection Act, 1986
vi) Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
vii) Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rule, 2000
viii) Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rule, 2000
ix) Biological Diversity Act, 2002
x) Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006
xi) Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)
Rules, 2008
1.8 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
The entire report has been prepared, in line with the generic structure of the EIA report as per
the Appendix III of the EIA Notification,2006. The report comprises of 11 chapters and the
Chapter I
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-5
relevant supporting documents are in the form of annexures. Executive Summary in English &
Marathi is prepared and bound separately.
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter provides the purpose of the report, background information of the proposed
project, brief description of nature, size and location of the project, objectives of the project,
scope and organization of the study. The key environmental legislation and the standards
relevant to the project and the methodology have also been described in this chapter.
Chapter 2: Project Description
This chapter deals with the need of the project, location, environmental setting of the project,
details of project, other technical and design details and sources of pollution from the proposed
activity and measures proposed to control pollution.
Chapter 3: Baseline Environmetal Status
Thischapter presents the methodology and findings of field studies undertaken to establish the
environmental baseline conditions, which is also supplemented by secondary published
literature.
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment of the
proposed project during various phases of project advancement, such as design, location of
project, construction and regular operations. It also describes the overall impacts of the
proposed project activities and underscores the areas of concern, which need mitigation
measures.
Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
The technology and project site alternatives are discussed in the chapter.
Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation of mitigation measures
have been delineated in this chapter
Chapter 7: Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan)
The chapter describes public consultation issues & various risks associated during operational
stage of the project such as fuel storage, chemical storage fire etc. A disaster management plan
to minimize the risks or to combat the associated risks is also discussed.
Chapter 8: Project Benefits
This chapter describes various benefits of the project to the community in the vicinity and as
well as to the region on the whole.
Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Chapter I
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-6
This chapter provides recommendations/Environment Management Plan (EMP) including
mitigation measures for minimizing the negative environmental impacts of the project and
preparation of adequate Environmental Management Plan.
Chapter 10: Summary & Conclusion
This chapter highlights the expected benefits of the proposed project to the socio-economic
scenario in the study area and to the country as a whole.
Chapter 11: Disclosure of Consultant
This chapter provides the disclosure of consultants engaged to carry out the EIA study.
*Annexure
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-1
Chapter II
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Sugarcane is one of the important cash crops in India and the sugar industry contributes
significantly to Indian economy. With more than 45 million sugarcane growers in the country,
the bulk of the rural population in India depends on this industry. India ranks second in terms of
the World’s sugar production however most of the sugar produced is consumed in the country
itself. Maharashtra is a key player in the Indian sugar industry. The sugar industry is
characterized by cyclicality i.e. going through cycles of boom and bust which depends upon the
world sugar market and also various environmental factors. To keep this industry sustainable
on a long term, it is important to utilize the available resources efficiently and focus on the
byproducts by initiating allied activities such as cogeneration and distillery.
2.2 TYPE OF PROJECT
The sugar as well as molasses-based distillery unit are both agro-based industries. It is
proposed to enhance the capacity of sugar unit from 2,500 TCD to 6,000 TCD (operational
capacity) and of distillery from 30 KLPD to 55KLPD. A cogeneration unit of 10 MW also exists in
the same premises which is operational only during cane crushing season. In addition, the sugar
mill has an old idle steam turbine generator (STG) of 3 MW which will be brought in operation.
In case of proposed project, sugar industry is placed under 5 (j) – ‘B’ category and distillery is
placed in 5 (g) - as ‘A’ category as per EIA Notification, 2006 (as amended till the date). Both the
projects are clubbed/integrated for the environmental clearance process and therefore, the
proposed activity will be appraised at central (EAC) level.
2.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT
India is one of the largest producers of sugarcane as well as sugar in the world. The sugarcane is
a cash crop for farmers. There are about 564 installed sugar and about 400 distillery units in
India. Most of the sugar and distillery industries are located in rural areas providing
employment to rural masses. Sugar factories from Maharashtra are the backbone of rural
economy. The alcohol production in the year 2015-16 was 2,325 million liters and 2,125 million
liters for the year 2016-17. These factories have contributed for the development of economy as
well as infrastructure in rural areas.
The project proponent is a private sugar mill located in Pune district of Maharashtra. The
cultivation of sugarcane is increasing every year in the command area of the mill and it is
anticipated to grow gradually for next few seasons. In addition, the sugar mill is having plans to
promote and support the cane development programme, in its command area. The last five
years’ performance of the mill is given in Table 2.1.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-2
Table 2.1: Cane availability in the command area of the mill - data for last five years
Sr.
No. Particulars
Seasons
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
1. Sugarcane Area* (Ha) 7,769 8,164 8,701 8,341 9,448
2. Cane crushed (TPA) 373,196 524686 461,382 192,911 553,754
3. Bagasse production (% on
cane) 28.50 28.85 28.38 28.25 28.32
4. Molasses (TPA) 15,325 21,700 20,190 8015 2251
5. Press mud Production (TPA) 16,644 21,512 16,563 6616 20489
*includes cane area of non-member farmers
As an agro based industry, sugar industry in India is dependent on monsoon. Its financial
viability is strongly impacted by weather as well as market conditions. Therefore, it is
imperative for the industry to explore alternative products from the available resources to
buffer itself from the ups and downs of cyclicality. Molasses based distillery is one such
alternative as the raw material availability i.e. molasses is fulfilled in-house. SMSKL already has
a 30 KLPD distillery, however with capacity enhancement of sugar mill, the availability of
molasses will increase. This can be utilized onsite if the capacity of the existing distillery is
enhanced. Hence, for better utilization of molasses and for realization of higher revenue, the
management has decided to enhance the capacity of distillery to 55 KLPD.
In India, three types of alcohol are produced i.e. rectified spirit (RS), extra neutral alcohol (ENA)
and anhydrous alcohol (AA). Of these, RS is widely used for industrial, scientific and medical
applications. The demand for RS is high and ever increasing. ENA is used for making liquors and
other alcoholic beverages. The requirement for this is also increasing. AA is a fuel alcohol used
for blending with petrol in the ratio of maximum 9:1. The policy for ethanol blending with petrol
in the country has boosted the requirement for AA and has been a major thrust for this type of
alcohol.
2.4 SELECTION OF SITE
This is an expansion of existing sugar and distillery unit so there is no re-habilitation and
resettlement issue.
1. The present site fulfills the industrial site selection criteria of MoEFCC/CPCB/MPCB i.e. site is
>500 m away from high flood line (HFL) of nearby river, it is >500 m away from state/national
highway, railway line. There is no protected area such as sanctuary, national park, biosphere
reserve within25km radius of the proposed site. There is no defense installation, recreation site,
etc. within 25 km radius of the site. Bhima River is about 2.1 km away from the proposed
industrial site.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-3
2. Availability of raw material: The basic raw material for the proposed project is sugarcane,
bagasse and molasses. As per details given in Table 2.3, due to increase in cane availability in
the area, the cane crushing will increase and so will the availability of bagasse as well as
molasses for the proposed expansion project.
3. Availability of infrastructure/facilities: Proposed site is well connected by Pune-Solapur-
Hyderabad National Highway(NH.65), and Pune-Nagar-Aurangabad national highway (NH 27).
The nearest airport to the site is Pune which is about 40 km, whereas the nearest railway
station is Yawat and Urali-Kanchan, which are approx. 13 km and 16 km away from the site,
respectively. Apart from this, water and electricity is also available in the area. Reasonably good
infrastructure, support facilities and labor etc. are available in the vicinity.
2.5 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS
The mill already has the main infrastructure in the form of land, water, power and raw material.
Adequate land/space available with the mill to accommodate the proposed expansion. Water
drawl permission is available to lift water from the Bhima river. The satellite image of the
proposed project is shown in Fig. 2.1 and layout for sugar and distillery unit are shown in Fig.
2.2(A) and (B) respectively.
Table 2.2: Highlights of the Project
1. Project Proponent M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., (SMSKL)
2. Project Expansion of Sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and
Molasses based distillery unit from 30 to 55 KLPD
3. Location of the
project
Existing mill premises at Shreenathnagar, Patethan, Tal: Daund, Dist.:
Pune, Maharashtra-412207
PROJECT CONCEPT
4. Working days per
annum
Sugar: Average 180 days and maximum 220 days
Distillery: maximum 270 days
5. Product Sugar Unit
White Sugar (11.25% on cane) 675 TPD
Bagasse Generation (28.50% on cane) 1,710 TPD
Molasses (4% on cane) 240 TPD
Press mud (4% on cane) 240 TPD
Distillery Unit
Rectified spirit&
Impure spirit (5%) OR
55 KLPD
ENA&
Impure spirit (6 %) OR
55 KLPD
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-4
Fuel Alcohol&
Impure spirit (5%)
55 KLPD
Byproduct/s Fusel oil 110 L/day
Biogas 18,190 m3/day
Compost 10446.5 tons per annum
6. Effluent Treatment
System
For sugar effluent: Activated sludge process based having Primary
and Secondary treatment units.
For distillery Spentwash: Biomethanation followed by multi-effect
evaporation (MEE) followed by bio-composting
For Spent lees, condensate and other effluent: Primary treatment
followed by anaerobic and aerobic at secondary stage followed by
tertiary treatment
7. Air Pollution
Control Systems
Existing venturi wet scrubber will be used as air pollution control
device
INFRASTRUCTURE
8. Land Total land available with the mill = 77acres
Land allocated for proposed expansion = ~10.00 acre (Distillery 7.5 +
2.5 acres greenbelt)
Greenbelt: Existing 12 acres green belt will be increased by 2.5 acre
No need of acquisition of additional land as the proposed project will
be set up in existing mill premises only
9. Main Raw Material
Sugar Unit
Sugarcane 6,000 TPD
Lime (0.14 % on cane) 8.40 TPD
Sulphur (0.04 % on cane) 2.4 TPD
Distillery Unit
Molasses 205 TPD
Nutrient N,P 185 kg/d
Turkey Red Oil (TRO) 275 kg/d
10. Steam During season: 92 TPH for sugar and 08 TPH for distillery = 100 TPH
During off-season: 08 TPH for distillery unit
11. Fuel Bagasse: 1,091TPD (1,054 TPD with biogas)– during season Source:
Own sugar unit
Biogas: 18,190 m3/D Source: Own sugar mill, Biogas unit
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-5
Bagasse as a fuel: 87.37 TPD (50 TPD with biogas) – off during season
12. Boiler Existing two of bagasse fired boilers;72 TPH and 32 TPH @
temperature 440±10°C
These two boilers are adequate to generate required steam, for
proposed project.
During off-season, existing 32 TPH boiler will be used or a standalone
8 TPH biogas fired boiler will be used for distillery operations.
13. Stack height and
Inner diameter
Existing 65 m height and 2.9 m inner diameter
Distillery stack: 32 m for 8 TPH boiler (Standby if this boiler used)
14. Power and its
Source
During Season:
For Sugar + Distillery = 6.5 MW
Source: In-house (Captive) The mill is having STG of 10 MW capacity
During Off-Season:
For distillery and miscellaneous purpose (Sugar unit) = 1.5 MW
Source: Another STG of 3 MW cogeneration unit or State Electricity
Board
15. Total Water
Requirement and
its Source
Sugar unit
18,540 m3/season (103 m3/day x 180 days)
25 m3/day during off-season
Distillery unit
417 m3/day x 270 days = 1,12,590 cu.m.
Total 1,35,630 cum Permission available for 160,000 cum/ Year.
Source: Bhima river – with permission from Irrigation Dept.
16. Manpower Existing: Permanent 129 +Seasonal & daily wages 292 = 421
Proposed:164 (Including Permanent+ Seasonal& daily wage labour)
Total : 585
17. Green belt Existing 12 acres + Proposed ~2.5 acre = TOTAL 14.5 acres
FINANCIAL ASPECT
19. Project Cost (Rs. in
lakhs)
Rs. 5,669.10 (Sugar unit Rs. 2295.10 + Distillery Rs. 3374)
20. Capital expenses for
EMP (Rs. in lakhs)
Rs. 403.90 lakhs (Sugar unit Rs. 64.9 + Distillery Rs. 339)
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-6
2.6 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION
For sugar unit: Capacity enhancement of existing unit of 2,500 to 6,000 TCD
For distillery: Capacity enhancement from 30 to 55 KLPD.
Figure 2.1: Satellite image showing location of proposed Sugar and distillery unit
Distillery Unit
Sugar Unit
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-7
Figure 2.2(A): Layout of proposed Sugar unit
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-8
Figure 2.2(B): Layout of proposed distillery unit
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-9
2.7 INFRASTRUCTURE
The prime infrastructure required for the project is land. SMSKL is having adequate land/space
within the existing sugar mill for the expansion of proposed project.
2.7.1 Sugarcane
Sugarcane is an agro based product and the main raw material for the proposed project. The
viability of the proposed expansion of sugar and distillery unit depends on the availability of
sugarcane. Keeping this in view, the mill management has actively engaged in cane development
activities for enhanced sugarcane yield. The expected performance of sugar mill for the next five
years is given in Table2.4
Table 2.3: Expected performance of sugar mill for next four years
Sr.
No.
Particulars Seasons
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1. Overall cane availability (MT) 11,20,000 11,75,000 12,00,000 12,25,500
2. Cane crushing by the Mill (MT) 9,60,000 9,90,000 10,20,000 10,80,000
3. Expected Sugar Recovery (%) 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25
4. Molasses (T @04% on cane) 38,400 39,600 40,800 43,200
5. Press mud (MT) 38,400 39,600 40,800 43,200
2.7.2 Molasses
Molasses is a byproduct of sugar mill therefore; it will be easily available for the proposed
expansion of distillery unit as a raw material. It will be available from in-house only. The
requirement of molasses will be 205TPD or around 55,350 TPA and expected maximum
molasses production is around 43,200 TPA (considering average season of 180 days).
Therefore, deficit molasses of approx. 12,150 MT will be procured from nearby sugar mills. In
case of bumper season, the molasses generation will be 52,800 Tons. The product wise raw
material consumption is given in Table 2.2.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-10
Table 2.4: Availability of raw materials, finished good product and mode of transport
Transport mode
Estimated quantity
Source market
Final product Estimated quantity
By Road- through Tanker
205 TPD Own mill, Maharashtra, India
Rectified spirit + Impure spirit (5%)
55 KLPD
By road
OR ENA + Impure spirit (6 %)
55 KLPD
OR Fuel Alcohol + Impure spirit (5%)
55 KLPD
Press mud 23,760 TPA Own mill
Compost By Road- Truck/Tempo
Nutrients N, P 185 Kg/day Pune,
Ahmednagar,
Mumbai
- -
By Road- Truck/Tempo - 275 Kg/day
Utilities
Fuel:
Bagasse
Biogas
45.45 TPH
18,190
m3/day
Own Sugar
and distillery
unit
- - Bagasse by conveyor Biogas through closed pipeline
Water(daily)
Sugar unit
Distillery
103m3/d
417 m3/d
Bhima River - - Through closed pipeline
Steam Maximum
100 TPH
Sugar mill
already has
two boilers of
70 TPH and 32
TPH
- - -
Power ~6.5MW
(for Sugar &
distillery for
season) and
1.5 MW
(during off-
season for
distillery)
Captive –
from10 +3
MW TG set
during season
and external
during off-
season
- - -
2.7.3 Press mud
Considering expansion of sugar mill, estimated press mud generation will be around 43,200
tons per annum (Considering 180 days of crushing @04% on cane). It will be mixed with the
concentrated spentwash in the ratio of 1:1to produce biocompost.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-11
2.7.4 Land
The total land available with the mill is 77 acres so no need of acquisition of additional land and
the proposed project will be set up in existing mill premises only. Details of land breakup given
in the following table.
Table2.5: Land breakup
Description Existing Area
(in m2)
Provision for
Proposed Project
(In m2)
TOTAL
A) Sugar Unit
Cane yard 8,300 2,000 10,300
Mill and boiling Section 3,037 1,556 4,593
Office (Engg and Prod) 316 - 316
Boiler section (Boiler, Ash pit,
Chimney)
2,086 - 2,086
Bagasse yard and handling
equipment
3,348 - 3,348
Power house and Switch Yard 930 - 930
Water reservoir, Hot & Cold water
tank, RO & CT
415 100 515
Sugar godowns (three) 4,375 2,000 6,375
ETP, Spray pond and Molasses tanks 2,894 4,600 7,494
Main factory Building, Store Security
& Time office
609 200 809
Toilet Blocks 35 20 55
Parking 124 100 224
Roads 2,300 - 2,300
Total For Sugar Unit 26,469
(~6.62 acres)
10,576
(~2.64 acres)
37,045
(9.26 acres)
B) Distillery unit
Distillery, including product storage,
roads, CT, etc.
16,400 12,000 28,400
Storage lagoons and bio digesters 23,150 6,000 29,150
Compost yard, storage of PM and
Compost
30,600 1,400 32,000
R& D project 13,200 - 13,200
Total For Distillery Unit 83,350 19,400
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-12
Description Existing Area
(in m2)
Provision for
Proposed Project
(In m2)
TOTAL
(~20.84 acres) (4.85 acres) 25.75 acres
C) Greenbelt 48,000
(12 acres)
10,000
(2.5 acres)
58,000
(14.5 acres)
D) Agricultural land 28,000
(7 acres)
- 28,000
(7 acres)
E) Colony and other allied
activities
30,060
(7.52 acres
30,060
(7.52 acres)
F) Undeveloped land (for
future development)
92,100
(23.02 acres)
- 52,124
(~13.03
acres)
TOTAL LAND 308,000
77.00 acres
308,000
77.00
2.7.5 Water
Presently, the mill is having permission to draw water from Bhīma River. In the proposed
expansion, water requirement will get fulfilled from the same source. This requirement (given
in table 2.6) is estimated to be within the existing water drawl limit of 160,000 cubic meter per
annum. The mill doesn’t require any new permission to draw additional fresh water.
Table 2.6: Water Balance
A) Sugar unit at operational capacity of 6,000 TCD
A) WATER INPUT (Daily requirement) m3/day
RO Water For Boiler feed (@100 TPH) 2,400
Milling section (including washing@ 30% on cane crush) 1,800
Water For condenser/boiler parts cooling, Vacuum Pump & Others 900
Other Domestic Usage 43
Total Water Input 5,143
B) WATER OUTPUT
Steam Condensate 2,160
Cooling water from turbine and boiler parts pump and gland 900
Domestic Consumption 09
Excess condensate water from cane @70% on cane crushing 4,200
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-13
Effluent 600
Spray pond over flow water 600
Total Water Output 8,469
Domestic waste will not be available for recycle/reuse
Net water available for recycle
8,460
C) RECYCLE WATER STREAMS (FOR SUGAR AND COGENERATION UNIT)
Steam Condensate 2,160
Water For condenser/boiler parts cooling, Vacuum Pump & Others 900
TOTAL 3,060
Excess condensate water will be used to fulfil requirement of (8460 - 3060) 5,400
Water in product , by-product and effluent
Water loss in bagasse@ 50% moisture 855
Water loss in press mud @ 70% moisture on production @ 4% on cane crushed 168
Water loss in molasses @ 12% moisture on production @ 4% on cane crush 29
TOTAL 1,052
D) WATER RECYCLE STREAMS
Condensate water for imbibition (including washing @30% on cane crush) 1,800
Condensate water recycle for vacuumed filter @5% on cane crush 300
Molasses movement water @6% on cane crush 360
Milk of lime preparation @3% on cane crush 180
Centrifugal section for sugar washing @5% on cane crush 300
Excess condensate recycle to boiler make up water 240
TOTAL 3,180
Excess condensate available for proposed unit m3/day (5400 – 1052- 3180) 1,168
According to the above table, 1,168 cu.m. excess condensate water from sugar mill will be
available after recycling. It will be partially recycled in process of distillery unit and remaining
will be utilized for irrigation. Therefore, fresh water will be required mainly for drinking
purpose and in minor quantity for process, which is as follows.
For domestic purpose: 43m3/day
Overall for plant:60m3/day
TOTAL (day-to-day fresh water requirement) = 103 m3/day
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-14
B) Distillery unit
Distillery Water Requirement (in m3/day)
Particulars Intake Consumption
and Losses
Generated
Effluent
Recycle
and Reuse
Daily Net
Requirement
Industrial Process 550.0 55.0 160.0 335.0* 215.0
Cooling Purpose 192.0 100.0 92.0 00 192.0
Domestic 10.0 03.0 7.0 00 10.0
Total 752.0 158.0 259.0 335.0 417.0
Net fresh water requirement for distillery unit = 417 m3/day
*Condensate of MEE + treated water from CPU will be recycled
2.7.6 Steam In the proposed scheme maximum 100 TPH steam will be required. During seasonal operation,
the industry will fulfill its steam requirement from its own two (70 TPH + 32 TPH)102 TPH
capacity boilers. During off-season, 32 TPH boiler will be used for distillery unit.
Existing Steam balance
Sugar: 43 TPH = 1032 TPD
Distillery: 4 TPH = 96 TPD
Total:47 TPH =1128 TPD
Proposed steam balance
Sugar: 92 TPH =2208 TPD
Distillery: 8 TPH =192 TPD
Total: 100 TPH = 2400 TPD
2.7.7 Power
The power required for the proposed sugar and distillery unit will be 6.5 MW which will be met
through captive generation. SMSKL is having cogeneration unit of 10 MW and they have planned
to re-operate an idle STG of 3MW (total operating capacity will be 13 MW). Thus, the required
power will be sourced from this captive power station during cane crushing season. The surplus
power of 6.5 MW will be exported to state electricity board grid. During off-season, power
requirement will be 1.5 MW which will be purchased from state electricity board.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-15
Table 2.7: Power requirement
Sr. No. Particulars Requirement Source
During Season
1. Power (Sugar + Distillery) 6.5 MW In-house (Captive)
During Off-Season
2. Power (Distillery + Sugar unit – miscellaneous
purpose)
1.5 MW In-house
(Captive)/State
Electricity Board
2.7.8 Fuel
Bagasse and biogas will be used as fuel for the project, both of which are generated onsite. The
details of and biogas generation with consumption are given in following table.
Table 2.8: Bagasse generation and net consumption estimates for the proposed project
During crushing season (180 days)
Description TPD T/ season
Cane crushing rate @ 6000 TCD 6,000 10,80,000
Average bagasse production @ 28.5% on cane 1,710 3,07,800
Bagasse requirement for existing sugar, cogeneration and
distillery [email protected] (f:s = 1:2.2)
1,091 1,96,380
Bagasse saved (generation – consumption) 619 1,11,420
Bagasse saved during season due to use of biogas
Biogas generation 18,190m3 per day
1000m3 of biogas = 2.05tons of bagasse
bagasse saving for 120 days (60 days stabilization period)
37.3 4,476 (for 120 days)
Total bagasse saved during season for use in off season 1,15,896
During off season (off season 90 days)
Description TPD Total
Actual Bagasse requirement 87.27 7,854.3
Biogas generation (m3) 18,190 1,637100
Bagasse saved due to use of biogas as fuel
(1000m3 of biogas = 2.05mt of bagasse)
37.3 3,357
Bagasse saved due to use of biogas as fuel 50 4,500
In off-season, 32 TPH boiler and 3mw turbine of sugar unit will be used for generation of steam and
power for distillery operation.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-16
2.7.8.1 Fuel Composition
2.8 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
A) SUGAR UNIT
The major units of operations of sugar mill are given below-
Extraction of Juice
The sugarcane is passed through preparatory devices like knives for cutting the stalks into fine
chips before being subjected to crushing in a milling tandem comprising 5 Nos mill tandem of 3
and 2 TRPF each. In the best milling practice, more than 95% of the sugar of cane gets extracted
into the juice.
Clarification
The treated juice on boiling fed to continuous clarifier from which the clear juice is decanted
while the settled impurities known as mud is sent to rotary drum vacuum filter for removal of
unwanted stuff called filter cake. It is discarded or returned to the field as fertilizer.
Evaporation
Clear Juice is evaporated from 15o Bx. to 60o Bx. in evaporator
Pan boiling
The syrup is again treated with Sulphur dioxide before being sent to the pan station for
crystallization of sugar. Crystallization takes place in single-effect vacuum pans, where the
syrup is evaporated until saturated with sugar. At this point “seed grain” is added to serve as a
nucleus for the sugar crystals, and more syrup is added as water evaporates.
Centrifugation
The massecuite from crystallizer is drawn into revolving machines called centrifuges. The
perforated lining retains the sugar crystals, which may be washed with water, if desired. The
mother liquor “molasses” passes through the lining because of the centrifugal force exerted and
after the sugar is “purged” it is cut down leaving the centrifuge ready for another charge of
massecuite.
Composition of biogas (from spent wash) Composition of dry bagasse
Parameter Value (%) Parameter Value (%)
Methane 55-60 Cellulose 45-55
Carbon dioxide 35-40 Hemi cellulose 20-25
H2S 1-1.5 Lignin 18-24
Other Gases 0-0.5 Ash 1.5-2
Waxes <1
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-17
Gradation & Packing
The final product in the form of sugar crystal is dropped through pan section and this sugar is
graded and picked in 50 kg bags. The grade of the sugar depends on the size of the crystal viz.
Small (S), Medium (M) and Large (L).
Figure 2.3: Flowchart of Sugar Manufacturing Process
Cane Supply
Milling
Sulphitation
Clarification
Evaporation
Pan boiling
Crystallizer
Centrifugals
Sugar
Packing
Boiler
Lime & Sulphur House
Rotary vacuum filter
Bagasse
Press mud
Juice
Steam
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-18
B) DISTILLERY UNIT
SMSKLhasdecided to adopt Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) for the proposed 55KLPD distillery
unit. The characteristics of manufacturing process are given below and a schematic is shown in
Fig. 2.4.
Manufacturing Process: It involves fermentation and distillation
Fermentation
Molasses is the chief raw material used for production of alcohol. Molasses contains around
50% sugars, of which 30 to 33% are cane sugar and the rest are reducing sugars. Yeast strains
of the species Saccharomyces cerevisieae, convert sugars present in the molasses to alcohol. The
continuous fermentation process involves addition of fresh nutrients medium either
continuously or intermittent withdrawal of portion of nutrient for recovery of fermentation
products. In continuous process, fermenter is in constant use with little shut down and requires
only initial inoculation of yeast culture. Hence, continuous fermenation process will be adopted
in the proposed unit.
Distillation
After fermentation, the next stage in the manufacturing process is to separate alcohol from
fermented wash and to concentrate it to 95% through the process of distillation. This is called
Rectified Spirit (RS). After separation of alcohol, the remaining part is the effluents i.e.
spentwash and spent lees.
Re-distillation to manufacture Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA)
ENA is prepared by re-distillation of the rectified spirit (RS) for the removal of impurities like
higher alcohols, aldehydes and methyl alcohol. This is done by, remixing rectified spirit with soft
water and distilling it in the ENA column.
Anhydrous Alcohol (AA)
Anhydrous alcohol is an important product required by industry. As per IS specification it is
nearly 100% pure or water free alcohol. It is not possible to remove remaining water from
rectified spirit by straight distillation as ethyl alcohol forms a constant boiling mixture with
water at this concentration and is known as azeotrope. Therefore, special process for removal of
water is required for manufacture of anhydrous alcohol.
The various processes used for dehydration of alcohol are as follows-
i) Azeotropic Distillation
ii) Molecular Sieves
iii) Pervaporation / Vapour permeation system
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-19
Figure 2.4: Schematic of RS/ENA/AA manufacturing process
Storage of Raw materials/Product
The SMSKL has 03 godowns for storage of sugar each of 1.0 lakh quintal capacity. Construction
of2 additional godowns of 1.0 lakh capacity each is proposed. Two existing molasses storage
tank have capacities 3,000 MT and 4,000 MT respectively and additional tank of 8,500MT is
proposed. There are separate storage tanks for RS, ENA and ethanol. Details are given below-
Sr. No. Products Name Number of tank Total capacity in liters
1. Absolute Alcohol (Ethanol) 01 7,00,363
2. Impure Spirit 01 2,11,488
3. Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA) 02 14,00,512
4. Rectified Spirit (RS) 02 14,00,462
5. Fusel Oil 01 20,133
6 Proposed ethanol storage tank 01 20,00,000
Distillation
Analyzer column PR Column RE Column Exhaust column Reboiler
Fermentation
Yeast propagate with molasses in
sterilize separate vessel
Molasses Storage (MS) tank
Molasses weighed and diluted
Spentwash/ Spentlees
Yeast sludge to
bio-compost
CO2
Scrubber
RS/ENA/AA &Fusel
oil
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-20
2.9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
In distillery unit, fire protection system shall be provided in accordance to OISD-117 and LPA
regulations. The firefighting system will consist of a hydrant network, piping etc. Fire protection
system will also include one electric driven pump, one diesel engine driven pump, one jockey
pump, piping, basin etc. Water hydrants will be provided at all strategic points. A suitable Fire
ring system as per the guidelines of TAC will be incorporated. Non-flame proof and flame proof
area will be separated by minimum distance of 15 meters. Portable fire extinguishers will also
be provided in strategic locations viz., power house, control rooms, switch yard. SMSKL has fire-
fighting facility in the existing plant.
Figure 2.5: Existing Fire Fighting System
2.10 BAGASSEHANDLING SYSTEM
The bagasse generated is used as fuel in boiler. Hence, the bagasse will be supplied to boiler
from elevated carriers and belt conveyors. Provision will be made for conveying excess bagasse
(not used in the boiler) to a storage area by conveyor belt.
2.11 ASH HANDLING SYSTEM
Ash generation due to burning of bagasse will be around 21.82 TPD. Ash generated from
proposed project will be sold to the farmers to mix into soil as potash enriching material.
Alternatively, it may be sold to nearby brick manufacturers.
2.12 MANPOWER
Existing: permanent 129+ Seasonal 174 & daily wages 118 = 421
For Proposed expansion: 164 including permanent +Seasonal
Total = 511
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-21
2.13 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Table 2.9: Overview of Environment management processes
Sr.
No
Waste product and source Treatment and disposal
1. Effluent/Wastewater
Spentwash
Condensate + Spentlees
Biomethanation followed by multi effect
evaporation followed by bio-composting
CPU
Sugar effluent
Sewage: Domestic wastewater
Sugar ETP: Existing ETP will be upgraded; CPU is
proposed to treat excess condensate of sugar unit
septic tank and soak pit system
2. Gaseous emission
Flue gasses from boilers
Due to burning of bagasse,
biogas
Particulate emissions will be controlled by Venturi
wet scrubber and then vented through a chimney of
height 65m
Bagasse as well as biogas are renewable energy
sources
Bagasse transfer will be through closed conveyers
hence fugitive dust will get controlled
Handling and transportation of various materials
will be minimal.
Greenbelt expansion by 2.5 acres
Bio-composting (CH4) Fully auto spraying and aerobic composting
Diesel generators It will be operational only when captive power
supply failure, hence emissions anticipated to be
less frequent and minor
Fermentation unit: (CO2) Fermenters will be covered, CO2 scrubbed in water
3. Solid waste
Boiler ash Bagasse ash contains soil nutrients such as potash
and phosphates. It will be mixed with bio-compost
and sold to farmers (for use in agriculture lands) or
to brick manufacturer.
Fermented sludge: Yeast
sludge, bio digester sludge
Sludge from ETP and CPU
The sludge from fermenter will be degradable,
containing organic nutrient and micro elements. It
will be mixed with bio-compost.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-22
2.14 POLLUTION ASPECT
2.14.1 SUGAR UNIT
In sugar unit, wastewater discharges arise from number of sources. These include -
Effluent from water treatment plants
Effluent from milling house
Boiling house
Blow down from the fan less cooling tower
Blow down from boilers
Excess Condensate
Condenser Cooling water
Soda and Acid Wastes
Effluent from ion-exchange
Sulphur burner, lime house, Oliver filter, compressor section
Sewage
Effluent from water treatment plant: Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide will be used as
regenerate in the proposed demineralizing water plant. The acid and alkali effluents generated
during the regeneration process of the ion-exchangers would be drained into an epoxy lined
underground neutralizing pit. Generally these effluents are self-neutralizing. However
provisions will be made such that the effluents will be neutralized by addition of either acid or
alkali to achieve the required pH of about 7.0. The effluent will then be pumped into the effluent
treatment ponds which form part of the sugar plant's effluent disposal system.
Chlorine in cooling water: In the auxiliary cooling water, residual chlorine of about 0.2 ppm.
This chlorine dosing is done mainly to prevent biological growth in the fan less cooling tower
system. This value would not result in any chemical pollution of water and also meets the
national standards for the liquid effluent.
Effluent from mill house: It consists of water used for cleaning the floor of mill house, which is
likely to get contaminated by spilled and splashed sugar juice. (This cleaning-up operation will,
incidentally prevent growth of bacteria on the juice covered floor).
Water used for cooling of mill bearings also forms part of the waste water from this source.
Basically, this water contains organic matter like sucrose, bagacillo, oil and grease from the
bearings fitted into the mills. BOD of this effluent is around 900 to 1,000 mg/L, oil and grease
around 150 to 200 mg/L, and COD around 2,500 mg/L. An estimated volume of effluent from
mill house is 300 - 350 m3/day
Wastewater from boiling house: The wastewater from boiling house results from leakages
through pumps, pipelines and the washings of various sections such as evaporators, juice
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-23
heaters, clarification, pans, crystallization and centrifugation etc. The cooling water from
various pumps also forms part of the wastewater. The BOD of this stream is about 800 to 1,000
mg/L and COD is about 2000 to 2500 mg/L. The estimated volume of effluent from this house is
140 -150m3/day
Boiler blow down: The salient characteristics of blow down water from the point of view of
pollution are, the pH, temperature of water and dissolved solids. The pH would be in the range
of 9.8 to 10.3 and the temperature of blow down water will be about 100oC. The water used in
boiler contains suspended solids, dissolved solids like Ca-salts, Mg-salts, Na-salts, Fe-salts etc.
These salts get concentrated after generation steam from the original water volume. These
solids have to be expelled from time to time to save the boiler being covered up by scales.
General characteristics observed for this wastewater are -
BOD - 60 to 70 mg/L
SS - 800 to 1500 mg/L
TDS - 1,500 to 3,500 mg/L
Temperature - 90 to 100oC
The quantity of blow down water will be about 2 TPH i.e. 48 TPD which is very small. It will be
treated before its reuse.
Excess Condensate -The excess condensate does not normally contain any pollutant and is
used as boiler feed water and for washing operations. Sometimes, it gets contaminated with
juice due to entrainment of carryover of solids with the vapours being condensed in which case
it goes into the waste water drain. The treatment required in this case is almost negligible and
it can be used in place of fresh water or it can be let out directly as irrigation water after cooling
it to ambient temperature. The estimated excess condensate available is approx. 1150 m3/day,
after recycle or reuse in the process.
As per the CPCB norms, it should be treated through Condensing Policing Unit. Hence, for
treating surplus condensate coming from the sugar plant new CPU unit is proposed. This will
have equalizing tank, anoxic tank, aeration tank, clarifier and media filter. Schematic of which is
given in figure 2.8.CPU will deliver industrial utilizable water such as sugar factory cleaning
washing, cooling water make up and distillery process etc. Therefore, the mill has a plan to use
excess condensate to a maximum extent. It will solve its disposal problem and most importantly
it will conserve the fresh water.
Spray pond over flow -The auxiliaries of the turbo generators like oil cooler and generator air
cooler use cooling water. In addition, the steam gets condensed in the condenser, which
requires large quantity of water. Spray type cooling, cools the water and the cooling water
consequently gets concentrated with the chemical in the water, this concentration is generally
limited by the raw water quality and by the blow-down of water concentration. This value
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-24
would not result in any pollution of water and also meets the national standards for the liquid
effluent. Expected quantity of spray pond over flow will be the 600 m3/day and its important
characteristics are given below. This water will be used for irrigation directly.
# Parameter Value
1. Quantity 600 m3/day
2. Total Dissolved Solids <2,000 ppm
3. pH 8-9
Floor washing
The quantity of floor washing assumed to be about 10 m3/day. It will be treated in ETP and
treated water will be sent for irrigation purpose.
The flowchart for generation of effluent from sugar unit is shown below (Fig2.6).
Figure 2.6: Flowchart of effluent generation and management from Sugar unit
Sugarcane
Mill House
Boiling House
Boiler Blowdown
Boiler/Furnac
e
Bagasse
Treated water will be used
for industrial cooling and/or
gardening/irrigation
purpose
ETP – Sugar Mill
Sluice water from the bottom ash handling
system, boiler, chemical cleaning water
Effluent
Cooling &
Neutralization
Reused mainly for
cooling purpose
Steam
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-25
Figure 2.7: Schematics of Effluent Treatment Plant
Sr. No. Name of tank Dimension ( L x W x H) in meter 1. Switch yard E.T.P. 10 x 5.8 x 2 2. Oil & Grease chamber 13.0 x 2.0 x 1.2 3. Equalization Tank 8.0 x 15.0 x 1.5 4. Balancing Tank 11.0 x 15.0 x 1.4 5. Neutralization tank 2.0 x 2.0 x 1.4 6. Primary Clarifier 6.0 x 6.0 x 2.5 7. Aeration Tank 11.0 x 8.0 x 3.5 8. Secondary Clarifier 8.0 x 2.5 9. Holding Tank 7.0 x 4.0 x 1.2
10. Multi Media Filter --------- 11. Storage Tank 15.0 x 12.0 x 2.5 12. Sludge Drying Beds 4.0 x 3.0 x 1.2 13. Air Blower Capacity 800 cum/Hrs. 14. Oil Skimmer 15. Sludge recirculation 16. Waste/ excess sludge to sludge beds
2.14.1.1 ETP
Effluent generated from sugar unit will be sent to ETP for treatment. The treated water will be
utilized for gardening/irrigation purpose. Hot water from various sources will be cooled in
cooling pond and recycled to respective activities after attaining ambient temperature.
3 4
5
6
7 8
9
12 11
10
1
2
13
Effluent from
sugar mill
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-26
Primary Treatment
i. Oil & Grease chamber
ii. Primary clarifier: To remove solids from effluent
iii. Equalization Tank: Hot process condensate and other wastewater stream from the
evaporation section are collected in a equalization tank where the stream are mixed
well.
iv. Neutralization Tank: The effluent is neutralized by using caustic solution. Depending
on caustic solution is dosed using a dosing system consisting of dosing tank and dosing
pumps. Dosing is controlled using pH sensor attached on downstream of the static
mixer.
2.14.1.2 Secondary Treatment
i. Activated Sludge Process (ASP): This is the main section where degradation of organic
pollutants with the help of aerobic micro-organism takes place. In aeration tank, activated
biomass is developed in such a way that certain MLSS is maintained for continuous
condensate flow which comes to aeration basin. Effluent is degraded in given retention
time and activated sludge is further passed to clarifier and recycled as per requirement.
The remaining sludge is passed to sludge drying bed. Air supply is provided by means of
aeration equipment which has high oxygen transfer efficiency.
ii. Secondary Clarifier: In secondary clarifier, effluent passed from aeration tank along with
biomass (MLSS) gets settled here. The settled biomass recycled back to aeration tank as
per requirement and excess biomass transfer to sludge drying bed.
iii. Sludge disposal system: Settled sludge from tube settler will be removed by pumping to
the sludge drying bed.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-27
Figure 2.8: Layout for proposed condensate polishing unit (CPU) for sugar unit
2.14.2 DISTILLERY UNIT
Effluent Treatment
The raw spent wash generated in the distillery will be sent to biomethanation unit. After
treatment, this biomethanated spent wash will be concentrated through standalone multi-effect
evaporation system. The concentrated spent wash will be in the range of 1.6 – 1.7 liters per liter
of total alcohol produced. The dissolved solid content in concentrated spentwash will be 30%.
The concentrated spent wash will be treated through bio-composting. The spentwash
evaporation condensate, spent lees and other waste will be treated in Condensate Polishing Unit
(CPU) and treated water will be reused for distillery cooling tower make up or for fermentation
process and for greenbelt. In this way, Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) will be achieved as per CREP
norms prescribed by CPCB. The flowchart for spent wash treatment and disposal is shown in
Fig.2.9.
2.14.2.1 Primary Treatment for Spentwash
The general characteristics of raw spentwash are given in Table 2.10. The raw spentwash
coming from the multi-pressure distillation system at the rate of 8 liters per liter of alcohol
produced (i.e. approx440 m3/day at about 12% total solids) will be taken to the bio digester for
primary treatment. During the biomethanation process, the COD will be reduced by about 65%
and biogas will be produced at the rate of about 0.53 Nm3/Kg of COD consumed. Total volume of
biomethanated spentwash generated will be 440m3/day containing approximately, 5 to 6%
solids.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-28
In recent years, due to escalation of energy costs and environmental concerns have increased
the interest in direct anaerobic treatment of distillery spentwash. The anaerobic method of
waste treatment offers a number of significant advantages with little serious or inseparable
drawbacks over other treatment methods. Anaerobic degradation is performed by two groups
of bacteria.
1. Acid producing bacteria: Acid forming bacteria (butyric & propionic acid) Acetogenic
bacteria (acetic acid & hydrogen)
2. Methane producing bacteria: Acetoacetic methane bacteria (acetophilic) Methane
bacteria (hydrogenophilic)
Steps of Reaction
The anaerobic metabolism of a complex substrate, including suspended organic matter, can be
regarded as a three-step process:
1. Hydrolysis of suspended organic and soluble organic of high molecular weight
2. Degradation of organic molecules to various volatile fatty acids, ultimately acetic acid
3. Production of methane, primarily from acetic acid, also from hydrogen and carbon dioxide
Amongst these three steps, the second one is fast, while the two others are slow. This accounts
for many instability problems encountered in anaerobic processes. Hydrolysis of organic
matter is a rather slow process carried out by extra cellular enzymes. Factors like pH and cell
residence time play an important role with respect to reaction rate. Lipids are hydrolyzed very
slowly, therefore the hydrolysis step might be overall rate limiting for wastes containing
considerable amount of lipids. The types of lipid apparently play a role, as the degradation of
non-polar lipids in anaerobic processes seems to be considerably slower than the degradation
of polar substances.
Acid production results in formation of acetic acid or in case of instability, the higher fatty acids
such as propionic, butyric, iso-butyric, valeric and iso-valeric acid. The acid production rate is
high as compared to the methane production rate, which means that a sudden increase in easily
degradable (soluble) organic will result in increased acid production with subsequent
accumulation of the acids. This might inhibit the next step of the process the methane step.
Methane production is a slow process, in general the rate-limiting step of anaerobic
degradation. Methane is produced from acetic acid or from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
About one third of the methane has its origin in molecular hydrogen. The bacteria producing
methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide are fast growing ones as compared with the acetic
acid utilizing bacteria. Environmental factors of primary importance to anaerobic processes are-
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-29
Temperature
Nutrients
Toxic substances
The loading rates permissible in an anaerobic waste treatment process are primarily dictated by
the sludge retention in the anaerobic reactor. The solution for the biomass retention problem
resulted in the development of different anaerobic processes.
Figure 2.9: Flowchart for spent wash treatment and disposal
Table 2.10: Important Characteristics of Raw Spentwash
Sr. No. Parameter Value
1. Colour Dark brown
2. pH 3.5 – 4.5
3. COD (mg/l) 1,00,000 – 1,40,000
4. BOD (mg/l) 40,000 – 60,000
5. Total Solids (mg/l) 1,10,000 – 1,25,000
6. Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) Below 5,000
7. Chlorides (mg/l) 7,000 – 10,000
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-30
2.14.2.2 Secondary Treatment for Spentwash - Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE) system
Biomethanated spentwash of 440 m3/day containing about 5% total solids will be evaporated in
a standalone falling film multiple effect (five stage) evaporator (MEE) to 25% total solids
(approx. 88 m3/day). The evaporation condensate (approx. 352 m3/day) after treatment in CPU
will be reused for distillery cooling tower make up or for fermentation process (molasses
dilution as make-up water).
Figure 2.10: Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE) System
2.14.2.3 Tertiary Effluent Treatment for Spentwash
Concentrated biomethanated spentwash (88m3/day) and press mud will be used for making
biocompost as a tertiary treatment to achieve “Zero Spentwash Discharge” as per CPCB norms.
Bio composting is a biological process in which organic matter is degraded under controlled
conditions. It involves microbial mineralization.
The mixing of spentwash and press-mud in 1:1 proportion (50-70 % moisture) will be carried
out in trenches with the help of homogenizing/aerotiller (Self propelling) machine for spraying,
mixing, turning, loading and unloading of compost material. Addition of decomposing
culture/cow dung will provide microbes required for bio-composting. It is observed that in the
first five days, fungal activity is predominant and in subsequent days bacterial activity continues
until stabilization of organic matter into humus is accomplished.
Existing five acres of land is allotted to composting and axillary activities. The process will use a
composting machine having automatic spentwash spraying system.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-31
Figure 2.11: Aerotiller/ mixing machine for mixing up the windrow
A. Bio composting Process Operational details
A bio-composting cycle can be divided into two stages i.e. 50 days of windrow composting
(Aerobic process) and 5-10 days for curing in heaps (anaerobic process). The degradation
should get completed in 60 days. Bio composting process can be divided into the following
stages.
Active Stage: After formation of windrows and spraying of inoculums active stage
starts. During this stage rise in temperature takes place. This phase lasts for first 10-15
days.
Maturation Stage: Includes the greater part of maturation and extends to and beyond
the period of temperature decline, which consists of the next 14 days when the
temperature is maintained and the next 10 days when the temperature starts to
decline.
Ripening or Curing Stage: Allow the compost to age for 4 weeks, until the moisture
stabilizes at 30% to 35%.
a. Formation of windrows: Press-mud will be formed in windrow size of 3.5 x 1.5m.
The windrows will be straight having correct size.
Windrow Size – 3.5 m Width x 1.5 m Height
Distance between two windrows – 1m (by using self-propelling machine)
b. Inoculum application: Inoculum act as an odor reducing agent as well as an
activator to hasten the process of raising the temperature. Normally for every MT of
press mud 0.5 to 1.0 kg of inoculum is applied. It is diluted 100 times with effluent
and sprayed on the windrows spreading over 3 days for effective results (in the 3rd,
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-32
5th and 10thday) immediately after the application of inoculum, windrow should be
aerated with mixing machine to spread the inoculum uniformly to all parts of
windrow.
c. Aeration: Normally aerotiller/ mixing machine is used for mixing up the windrow,
loosen the same and create a situation congenial for natural aeration. When the
moisture content reduces below 40% an addition of effluent should restore it to
65%. If the press-mud is wet (more than 70% moisture) there is lower supply of
oxygen. Moisture content should be brought down to about 40 % by giving proper
aeration. Microorganisms make use of nitrogen and carbon for their metabolic
activities. The energy required for this process is derived by aerobic decomposition.
Aeration should be given to raise the biocompost temperature and establish an
aerobic condition. The temperature should be 60-650C in the windrow. Continue
spraying and aeration till the completion of bio composting cycle.
d. Effluent Spraying: Spraying is done either before aeration or during the mixing/
aeration process. The quantity of effluent to be applied should be strictly controlled
so that the windrows always have proper moisture content, which is optimum for
aerobic composting.
e. Merge Windrows: Proper degradation of organic matter of windrow reduces its
height; hence, after about 15 days of initial composting the windrow height is likely
to be reduced to about 0.5 meter. Therefore, it may be required to merge 2
windrows into one and continue further processing.
f. Compost Curing: After completion of spraying of spentwash, aerate the windrow
for 2 to 3 days. After reducing the moisture to about 30 % to 35 % heap the compost
in the corner to a height of about 2 meter to have anaerobic process for about 15
days and also to make the space free for fresh windrow formation. A distinctive
black loamy, free flowing and ready to pack compost, which has a pleasant earthy
smell and moisture content of 30-35%, should be produced.
B. Salient features of the process
Zero Pollution
No odour or fly nuisance. The finished product is entirely free from any
repulsive odour
Destruction of BOD of the effluent
High product value – quick payback
Dry product - easy to bag, handle and transport
Negligible power/energy requirement
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-33
Zero effluent discharge to inland or any of the watercourses
Biocompost is rich in micronutrients (with organic and inorganic)
Biocompost can be sold to farmers to recover the expenditure.
C. Compost Monitoring Parameters
The desired characteristics of compost are given in Table 2.11. The following parameters
should be monitored for compost.
a. pH: Biocompost microorganisms operate best under pH is in the range of 5.0 to 8.5.
During the initial stages of decomposition- organic acids are formed. The acidic
conditions are favorable for growth of fungi and breakdown of lignin and cellulose. As
composting proceeds, the organic acids gets neutralized, mature compost generally has
a pH in the range of 6 to 8.
b. Temperature: As organisms decompose waste, they generate heat. Decomposition is
most rapid when the temperature is between 60 –700C. Bio-compost pile temperature
depends on how the heat produced by microorganisms is offset by the heat lost through
evaporating the effluent. After an initial high temperature period, compost pile
temperatures will gradually drop. Turning the compost rejuvenates the oxygen supply
and exposes new surface to decomposition, causing temperature to rise. When the
temperature drops down below 400C, the composting process is nearly complete.
c. Moisture: Active microorganisms need a moist environment. Microorganisms can use
organic molecules only if they are dissolved in water. Ideally, composting materials
should have between 50 and 70 percent water. When conditions are too wet, water will
fill the pore space needed for air movement and anaerobic conditions can result. If
conditions are too dry, the decomposition rate will slow down.
d. Carbon to nitrogen (C: N) ratio: Microorganisms require a balance of carbon and
nitrogen for healthy cell growth. Initially, the press mud C:N ratio is 30:1. After
composting, C:N ratio break down to 14:1.
Table 2.11: Desired Characteristics of Bio-compost
Parameters Value
Organic carbon 20 -25 %
Nitrogen 1.5 – 2.5 %
Phosphorous 1.0 – 1.7%
Potassium 1.5 – 2.85 %
Organic matter 38 – 42 %
pH 6-8
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-34
Performance
1. Average Press mud to spentwash ratio: 1:1
2. Biocompost cycle duration: 60 days/ five cycles
3. Culture required for bio-composting: 1 Kg/MT (culture in solid form) or 250 ml /MT (Culture
in liquid form) of press mud
D. Material balance for bio composting
The bio-composting requirements are given in Table 2.12 and mass balance for biocompost is
given in Table 2.13.
Total concentrated spentwash generation = -23,760 m3per annum
Press mud required to achieve SW: Press Mud Cake (PMC) mixing ratio at 1:1 = -23,760MT
PMC production: 43,200 MT per annum
Table 2.12: Composting Requirements
Sugar Mill
1. Crushing rate (Capacity – -250TCH) Average rate 6000 TCD
2. Projected Crushing rate @ 180 days /annum 10,80,000
3. Annual Press mud production @4% 43,200
4. Moisture content of Press mud 70 %
Distillery
5. Capacity (liter/day) 55 KLPD
6. Days of operation 270
7. Spent wash production/annum
8. Spent wash production after evaporation (@ 88 m3/day)
/annum
23,760
9. Ratio Press mud: Spentwash, (60 days cycle) (w/v) 1:1
10. Press mud requirement (in MT per annum)
11. Culture Required prescribed proportion
Quantity required/year (270days)
1Kg/MT of press mud
23,760 Kg
12. Yard requirement (Maximum) 4.6 acres
13. Land provision for compost yard (including green belt) 7.65 acres
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-35
Table 2.13: Mass balance: Compost
Sr. No. Description Solids Content % Quantity MT Total Solids MT
1. Annual Raw Material
a) Press mud*
b) Spentwash
30
25
23760
23760
7128
5940
Total 47520 13060
2. Annual Compost considering 20% loss during process as a CO2 10446.5 MT along with
30-35% moisture
D. Operations & maintenance guidelines for bio-composting
a. Rainy season
It is not possible to run the aerobic bio-composting process for three months during rainy
season. The reasons for stoppage of process during rains are:
It is not possible to run the bio-composting machine during rainy season
Freshly sprayed spentwash that is yet to be decomposed may give some colored
leachate after rain and will contaminate the soil
Due to rain, the bio-composting material in windrows may have moisture content of
more than 70%, which can result in anaerobiosis
Heavy rains can wash off the press mud
b. Precautions to be taken before on set of rainy season
The bio composting area will be vacated before start of rain
As far as possible all, the compost on the site will be sold out before start of rain. The
compost, which remains unsold, will be bagged and kept in stores / godown.
After harvesting the last batch of compost a 2 cm surface layer of press mud over the
brick on edge layer will be scrapped and this scrapped material shall be kept covered for
blending with compost.
The windrow of fresh press-mud will be formed after cleaning the scrapped area after
rainy season.
c. Un-seasonal rains
Precaution to be taken if there is an un-seasonal rain during bio-composting cycle.
In order to avoid the leaching of spentwash, the windrows on the area will be covered
with polyethylene sheets/pullover cover
Stop spraying spent-wash, temporarily when it is raining. Spraying will be resumed
when the sky is clear once again.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-36
The provision of the trenches towards slopping side will be made to collect the run off
from windrow area. This run off will be collected in leachate collection pit. If necessary,
it will be pumped back to 30 days storage lagoon.
The run off outside compost yard should be suitably diverted so that it does not enter
the compost yard
Holding Tank for Spentwash
Since the project is an expansion of existing 30 KLPD distillery unit, the mill has already
constructed three spentwash holding tanks i.e. for raw spentwash 1500 M3 capacity, for
anaerobically digested spentwash1500 M3 and after MEE 3000 M3 capacity, as per CREP
guidelines.
Spentwash will be transported through closed conduct, HDPE/RCC pipes and stored in
impervious tank/lagoons. An impervious storage tank of maximum 30 days and minimum 05
days holding capacities are constructed to store spentwash. Spentwash storage tanks are duly
lined with 200 mm thick black cotton soil (40%) + murum (60%), 250 micron HDPE sheet,
pitched by stone/bricks with SRC mortar and SRC plaster 50 mm thick to prevent leachate.
Figure 2.12: Sectional view of Spent wash storage lagoon
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-37
Figure 2.13: Existing Compost yard with leachate gutter
Figure 2.14: Sectional view of compost yard
Figure 2.15: Sectional view of Leachate Gutter
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-38
Fig.2.16: Existing HDPE pipelines for
carrying Spentwash
Fig. 2.17: Existing Spentwash storage lagoon
Process condensate treatment plant (Condensate polishing unit - CPU)
Condensate from MEE, spent lees and other low strength waste streams such as cleaning in
place will be sent to this unit where it will be treated in three stages namely – primary,
secondary and tertiary. The details are given below-
i) Spent lees : ~110 m3/d
ii) Evaporation plant process condensate : 352m3/d
iii) Other low strength effluent : 40-50 m3/d
Total : ~512 m3/d
Condensate from MEE plant cooled in cooling tank and introduced to enzymatic treatment. This
treated condensate is recycle back as a cooling tower make up water
2.14.3 Sewage
Estimated domestic effluent will be 43 m3/d, which will be treated separately in septic tank and
soak pit.
2.14.4 Air Emissions and control measures
The sources of air pollution are emissions due to combustion of fuel i.e. bagasse, biogas the
boiler furnace, fugitive dust due to handling of bagasse, processes such as fermentation, bio-
composting etc. Emissions from diesel generator and vehicles are anticipated as a minor source.
Bagasse contains traces of Sulphur and Nitrogen, hence generation of SO2 and NOX anticipated
being limited. Venturi wet scrubber is already installed as air pollution control equipment
(PCE), to arrest fly ash emissions. It is attached to existing boilers of 70 TPH and 32 TPH. It is
connected to a stack of 65m height with 2.9 m inner diameter. The same will be used even after
expansion, after modifying it suitably as per requirement. An independent 8 TPH biogas fired
boiler will be installed for distillery to meet off season steam requirement. Emission rate of PM
and SO2 from flue gases is provided in chapter IV, table 4.2 at dispersion modeling study.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-39
Enhancement of greenbelt by 2.5 acres is an additional measures for control of air emissions.
Area provided for the parking of vehicles is adequate. There is separate parking area for
vehicles carrying goods, products and private vehicles.
In general, if bio composting is not done under aerobic conditions CO2 and CH4are likely to get
generated. But with proper handling and supervision these emissions are minimized, as the bio
composting process is carried out in fully aerobic condition. Hence, there is negligible emission
from bio composting process.
Figure 2.18: Existing Venturi Wet Scrubber With Chimney
2.14.5 Noise Control
Steam turbine generator will be a major noise source from the existing project. Apart from that,
noise is anticipated from boiler, cane crusher, mill house, pumps, motor drives, utilities,
transportation etc. The plant and equipment will be specified and designed with a view to
minimize noise pollution. The major noise producing equipment will be provided with
soundproof devices and silencers. DG set will be provided with acoustic enclosures. Ear Plugs
and ear muffs will be provided to the workers in utility section. Greenbelt will be developed.
Figure 2.19: DG set with acoustic enclosure
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-40
2.14.6 Solid waste generation and management: Sugar Unit
The proposed industrial activity could generate solid waste in the form of ETP sludge and boiler
ash. The quantity and disposal technique is given briefly in the following Table2.4
Table 2.14: Solid waste generation and disposal (Considering 180 days season)
# Waste Quantity (tons per season)
Treatment Disposal Remark
1. Sugar ETP Sludge 35 Disposal into land/soil
Sold to the member farmers/or used on own plot
Organic
2. Ash
3,927 Mixed with bio-compost Disposal into land/soil
Used as manure/soil enriching material
Inorganic
3 PMC 43,200 Composting Soil conditioner Organic
4. Oil & Grease 4-5 KL Remove by oil skimmer
Use for boiler -
Distillery Unit
The proposed industrial activity will generate solid waste in the form of fermentation sludge
which is biodegradable and boiler ash. The quantity and disposal technique is given briefly in
the following Table 2.15.
Table 2.15: Solid waste generation and disposal
# Waste Quantity (MT/Annum)
Treatment Disposal Remark
1. Yeast Sludge 50 Composting Used as manure/soil enriching material
Organic
2. Boiler Ash (off season of sugar)
157 --- Sold to the brick manufacturing unit
Inorganic
3. Sludge from bio-digesters,
70-80 Mixed with bio-compost
4. Distillery CPU Sludge
20 Composting Used as manure/soil enriching material
Organic
5. Spent oil from DG set
0.1-0.2 KL - Spent oil will be burnt in boiler
-
2.14.7 Hazardous Waste
The only hazardous waste likely to be generated will be scrap oil from DG set, automobiles,
gears etc. Since the DG set will run only in case of failure of regular power supply. Thus, the
quantity of used or scrap oil will be low and has been assumed to be very minor. This will be
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-41
stored in leak proof drums in storage yard. This will be disposed off periodically by burning in
boiler furnace along with fuel.
2.15 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT
The main objective of greenbelt development in and around the proposed unit will be to –
Mitigate impacts due to fugitive emissions
Create an aesthetic environment
Create a complex bio-diverse ecology
SMSKL has already developed an greenbelt which is spread over an area of approx. 12 acres.
The trees are planted in the periphery, along the internal roads and in the open areas between
various units of the industry. The mill has planted ornamental plants near the guest house, in
front of office and open areas. The details of tree species in the existing greenbelt are given in
Table 2.16.The layout of existing green belt in sugar and distillery unit is shown in Fig. 2.20 (A)
and (B) respectively. In the proposed activity, land allocated for greenbelt development is
approximately 2.5 acres. Greenbelt consisting of small and medium size trees and will be
planted around the waste disposal areas, such as ETP, compost yard, spentwash storage lagoon,
etc. Treated effluent from sugar mill/distillery will be used for gardening purpose. The list of
species recommended for proposed green belt development is given in Chapter IX.
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-42
Table 2.16: Existing greenbelt (Including trees along the road)
Plant # Plant # Plant # Plant #
Mangifera indica
(Mango)
1045
Cassia fistula (Bahava)
75 Terminalia
belerica (Hirda)
110 Thevatia
species (Bitti) 320
Tamarind (Chinch)
70
Bauhinia racemosa (Apta)
& B. Verigata (Kanchan)
135+
30
Millingtonia (Indian Cork
Tree) 145
Thespesia populnea
(Jungli Bhendi)
325
Aegle marmelos
(Bel) 25
Mimusopselengi(Bakul)
80 Nerium indicum (Kaner)
470 Pterocarpus
marsupium(Biwla tree)
40
Sapota species
(Chikku) 125
Delonix regia (Gulmohar)
235 Tekoma 120
Adonsonia digitata (Gorakh Chinch)
10
Syzygium cumini
(Jamun) 40 Subabhul 180
Christmas tree
5 Dalbergia
Sisso(Sisum) 270
Phyllanthus emblica (Amla)
80 Polyakthia
longifolia (Ashok) 106
0
Thespesia species (Ran
Kapasi) 20
Terminalia arjuna (Arjun)
40
Bottle brush 90 Plumeria alba
(Chafa) 350 Eucalyptus 130
Acacia nilotica
(Babhul) 570
Pongamiapinnata (Karanj)
190 Terminalia
chebula 35
Acacia species Ram khathi
Babhul 135
Ficus racemosa (Umbar)
82
Azadirachta indica (neem)
665 Ficus religiosa
(Pimpal) 75 Bottle Palm 185
Anthociphalous (Kadamb)
40
Jackranda (Nilmohor)
40 Acacia
leucocephala (Babhul)
260 Ficus panda 130 Albizia spp.
(Shiras) 40
Bamboo 360 Terminalia catapa 35 Jackfruit 10 Guava (Peru) 80 Anogeissus
latifolia (Dhawada)
235 Coconut 152
0
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Parijatak 25
Lagerstromia specioca (Taman)
20
Borassus flabellifer(To
ddy Palm) 80
Annona reticulate (Ram Phal)
50 Caesalpinnia (Shankasur)
350 Tectona grandis (Teak)
210
Phoenix Palm 350 Putranjiva roxburghai (Putranjiva)
70 Rubber tree 30 Moringa Species
35
Samania saman (Rain
tree) 115
Alstonia scholaris (Saptaparni)
65 Casuarina
equisetifolia(Suru)
260 Ficus
benghalensis (Banyan tree)
75
Total 351
0 Total
4255
Total 212
5 Total 2157
Grand Total 12,047
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-43
Figure 2.20: Existing Green belt
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-44
Fig. 2.20 (A): Layout of Existing Greenbelt (Sugar unit)
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-45
Fig. 2.20 (B):Layout of Existing Greenbelt (Distillery unit)
Chapter II
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-46
2.16 COST OF THE PROJECT
The total cost of proposed activity of sugar and distillery unit will be about Rs. 5,669.1lakhs out
of which investments of approx. Rs.404.00 lakhs will be for Environment management.
Estimated cost of the proposed activity including capital expenditure on environment
management is mentioned in Table 2.17.
Table 2.17: Proposed Project Cost Details
# Particulars Amount (Rs. in Lakhs)
A Sugar Unit
1. Plant and machinery 2076.80
2. Machinery foundation 153.4
3. EMP (sugar) 64.90
Total 2,295.1
B Distillery Unit
4. Molasses handling, fermentation and distillation
units,
1,115
5. MEE, WWTP section, Biomethanation section 975
6. Cooling tower, Air compressors, Pumps etc. 150
7. Storage and electrical work 670
8. WTP section 125
9. Environment Management Cost 339
Total 3,374
Total (A+B) 5,669.1
Table 2.18: Project Implementation Schedule
# Project Activity Proposed time
1. Application to MoEFCC New Delhi for TOR 8th Aug. 2017
2. Meeting with MoEFCC for award of TOR for undertaking detailed
EIA studies
NA (ToR granted
on 29th Sep. 2017)
3. Draft EIA report submission for public hearing May 2018
4. Conducting public hearing Aug 2018
5. Preparation of final EIA report Sep 2018
6. EC presentation at MoEFCC Nov. 2018
7. Environmental clearance for project Dec. 2018
8. Start date for commission of the project Jan. 2019
9. Completion of the project May- June 2019
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-1
CHAPTER III
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The baseline environmental and socio-economic study of the project and project area was done to -
Understand existing environmental characteristics of the area and the project need
Assess the existing environmental quality and on the basis of that identify the
environmental impacts of the proposed project/future developments.
Identify environmental or geographical factors that could preclude any future
development
3.2 METHODOLOGY OF BASELINE STUDY
The baseline study and primary data collection was primarily carried outin the 10 km radius of the
project during summer i.e. October 2017 to January 2018.
The data used categorized as
Primary data i.e. the data collected by conducting field monitoring, sampling and
survey. Parameters such as air, meteorology, noise, water, soil, land use, geology, socio-
economic & biological environment, mainly studied with the help of primary data.
The data related land use, meteorology, geology, hydrogeology and socio-economic
environment, etc. collected from authentic sources, such as Govt. Publications, official
websites of various government departments, etc.
The baseline study began with site visits and reconnaissance survey in the study area, during which
the locationsfor monitoring and collection of primary data we decided.
3.3 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
3.3.1 Description of Site and Surrounding Features
The project site is located near the existing sugar factory premises at village Patethan, Taluka
Daund of Pune district. The proposed site lies between following geographical coordinates: -
1) 18°36'18.74"N, 74°13'34.87"E.
2) 18°36'29.87"N, 74°13'40.25"E.
3) 18°36'26.31"N, 74°13'52.02"E.
4) 18°36'14.44"N, 74°13'52.69"E.
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-2
The proposed site is at elevation of 551m above the mean sea level. River Bhima is approx. 2.20 km
away from the project site.
Table 3.1: Important Features around the Project Site
# Important Geographical Features Direction Distance (km)
1. Nearest Water Bodies
River Bhima SE 2.20
River Mula-Mutha NW 6.0
2. Nearest National Park/ Sanctuary
Chandoli National Park SW 170
Mayureshwar wildlife sanctuary SE 32
3. Religiously Important places
Bhuleshwar S 20
4. Historic Monuments
Malthan-DadojiKondhdev Palace N 26
5. Nearest Settlements
Patethan NW 2.54
*Note: All distance are approximate aerial distances from the project site
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-3
Figure 3.1: Satellite image showing site and surrounding area
3.3.1.1 Access to the site
The site is well connected by road, railway as well as air network. It is approx.18 km away from
thestate highway no. 27 (Pune-Ahmednagar) and ~16 km away from the national highway no. 9.
Yavatrailway station (on Pune-Solapur route) is approx. 16 km from the project site. The
internationalAirport of Pune (approx. 45 km) is the nearest airport to the site.
Table 3.2: Summary of Environmental features of study area
# Facet In brief
1. General characteristics Mostly hot and dry
2. Rainfall An average annual rainfall of 400-600 mm
Most of the rains received from June to September months,
July being the month with highest rainfall
3. Temperature Average maximum temperature in summer is around 31.5°C
and average minimum temperature in winter is around 17.7°C.
4. Humidity Minimum 17% and maximum 74%
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-4
5. Wind The predominance wind is blowing from W and NW in
summer months, SW and W in monsoon whereas in winter
months from N
6. Land use Crop land 83.62 %, scrub land 6.76 %,barren rocky land
2.11%, Dense forest 2.0%, open forest 1.18% and others
7. Air Quality Complies NAAQ standards of Nov., 2009 at all monitored
locations
8. Noise Quality Complies the standards of CPCB
9. Ground water Quality As per Central Ground Water Board report 2014,
10. Soil Quality Black cotton soil
3.3.2 Land Use Pattern
Satellite remote sensing, in conjunction with geographic information systems, has been widely
applied and recognized as an effective tool in analyzing land cover/use categories. This study
evaluates qualitative and quantitative outcome of land cover/use distribution using remote sensing
data and GIS technologies.
3.3.2.1 Methodology
General Description of the Area
Geographically, the site is located between 19°34'10.74"N and 74°30'10.00"E. The 10 km radius
area around project site is having latitudes 10° 67’ 64.59’’ N to 10° 87’ 97.62’’N and longitudes 76°
41’ 60.29’’E to 76° 44’ 35.42’’E. The site area falls in the SOI Toposheet No. E43I2, E43I6
Remote sensing and Collateral data used
Remote Sensing Data-Following remote sensing satellite data were used in the study.
Satellite data: LANDSAT_147_46, cloud free data has been used for land use/land cover analysis
Satellite Sensor – LANDSAT_147_46,OLI_TIRS
Spatial Resolution – 30 m
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-5
Ancillary data
PC based GIS and image processing Arc GIS 10.4 ver. software are used for the purpose of image
classification and for delineating drainage and other features in the study area. Number of
peripheral devices such as scanner, plotter, printer etc. has also been interfaced with the system.
Objectives:
Delineation of Landuse/ Landcover categories on the 1:50000 scale for the whole study
area.
Generation of digital cartographic database using secondary data sources.
Collateral Data
Survey of India (SOI) Toposheet No. E43I2, E43I6 on 1:50000 scale were used to collect
topographic and location information. The toposheetwas used to prepare base map, identification
of sample areas and drainage maps and for planning the traverse route for ground truth collection.
Remote Sensing Data Interpretation
The methodology followed for the interpretation of the resourcesat data. Data was interpreted
using digital image interpretation technique by supervised classification using Arc GIS 10.4 ver.
The other ancillary data such as toposheet and other available information (reports, maps etc.)
were used for preparation of land use/ land cover map.
Geo-referencing of imagery with reference to SOI toposheet using Tie Point Editor of ILWIS
software
Demarcation of 10 km radius around the site area and drainage lines available on SOI
toposheet
Interpretation of false colour composite (FCC) using digital image interpretation technique
of land use/land cover to generate pre-field image interpreted base map.
For land use/land cover mapping, the boundaries of notified forests were digitized using
SOI toposheet. Satellite data were interpreted for various land use classes like notified
forest, agricultural land, wasteland, habitation and water bodies.
Field work was carried out for collection of ground truth from each image interpretation
unit viz. land use.
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-6
Correlation of image interpretation units with the ground truth observations
Random field checks to verify and validate the land use units and their boundaries.
Finalization of land use/land cover maps after field verification.
The final output of land use/land cover was prepared using Arc GIS 10.4 ver. Software.
Results
Topobase
Topobase is prepared on the base of toposheet no. E43I2, E43I6. First toposheetwas scanned and
georeferenced based on the four ground control points (GCP) and projected in UTM projection
system with datum WGS84. The 10 km radius area around the site was delineated and prepare base
map. Further base map boundary is used to extract information from the georeferenced toposheet.
3.3.2.2 Land use/ Land cover Classes Details
Land use is the man’s activities on and in relation to the land, while land covers describes the
natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil and artificial constructions covering land surface
(Burley, 1961). Land use/ land cover map is an indicator of ecological and overall socio-economic
status of the area. Land use is a product of interaction between a society’s cultural background skill
and its physical needs on the one hand, and the natural potential of the land on the other. Thus, the
land use data and its spatial distribution are very useful for analyzing and preparing the land use
plan of the area
Image characteristics of different land utilization types identified on Landsat data have been given
in table 3.3. Nine land use/land cover classes identified in total 10 km radius area around project
site. The land use/land cover classes identified are crop land, scrub land, barren rocky land, dense
forest, open forest, industrial area, lake/ponds, river/stream, and settlement. The land use/land
cover map of the operational area is shown in fig.1 and the area under different land utilization type
is given in table no. 3.3.
Table 3.3: Land use/Land cover statistics of the ten square km area
Sr. No. Class Name Area (Ha) Area (%)
1. Crop land 26270.97 83.62
2. Scrub land 2123.26 6.76
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-7
3. Barren rocky land 661.65 2.11
4. Dense forest 628.32 2.00
5. Open forest 369.7 1.18
6. Industrial area 3.83 0.01
7. Lake/ ponds 37.09 0.12
8. River/stream 1031.97 3.28
9. Settlement 288.73 0.92
Figure 3.2: Land use/land cover map of the study area
3.3.3 Climatic Conditions of Daundtaluka
The information presented below gives detailed historical monthly or yearly average weather
conditions along with exceptional weather occurrences.
3.3.3.1 Rainfall
The annual rainfall received during the southwest monsoon season i.e. from June toSeptember, July
being the month with highest rainfall. The average data for the last ten years given in the Table 3.4.
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-8
Table 3.4: Annual rainfall for Daundtaluka
Last ten year annual rainfall in mm
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Avg.
Annual rainfall
594 604 326 474 639 347 337 402 450 460 620 525
3.3.3.2 Temperature
The summer season from March to May is one with continuous increase in temperatures,
whichdecreases during monsoon, increases slightly during the post monsoon season and
againdecreases during the winter. The average maximum temperature is 31.5 °C and average
minimum temperature is 17.7 °C.
Temperature data for Pune District
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
Maximum temp °C
29.9 31.9 35.4 37.7 36.9 31.7 28.4 27.4 29.4 31.4 30.1 28.9 31.5
Minimum temp °C
11.0 12.1 15.8 19.9 22.4 22.9 22.2 21.6 20.8 18.5 14.4 11.5 17.7
3.3.3.3 Relative Humidity
The climate of the region is characterized by a dry summer. Humidity is usually high during
themonsoon months, decreasesgradually during the post monsoon months and for rest of the year,
the average relativehumidity ranges around minimum16% and maximum 74%.
3.3.3.4 Cloudiness
The skies are heavily clouded to overcast during the south-west monsoon season. In the rest of the
year skies are mostly clear or lightly clouded.
3.3.3.5 Winds
Winds are generally light to moderate with increase in speed during half of summer and in
monsoon season. The predominance is W and NW in summer months, SW and W in monsoon
whereas in winter months from N.
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-9
3.3.3.5.1 Wind Speed and Wind Direction
The windrose diagram was prepared from site meteorological data in order to assess the wind
pattern i.e. direction, speed and frequency. The windrose diagram for the proposed site shows
following features. The predominant wind direction during Post-monsoon season was from North
East to East. Calm conditions subsist for 33.61%. The analysis of the recorded site data revealed
that the prevailing wind velocity is between 0.50 – 2.10 m/s throughout the study period. A wind
rose diagram (Fig. 3.3) shows the wind pattern for the site and wind class frequency distribution is
shown in Fig. 3.4.
Figure 3.3: Wind Rose
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-10
Figure 3.4: Wind class frequency distribution
3.4 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING DATA ON SOIL, WATER, AIR AND NOISE ASPECTS
Figure 3.5: Monitoring Location Map
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-11
Table 3.5: Monitoring Locations
# Location Direction Distance (km) Parameters (Sample collected for)
1. Factory Site - - Air, Ground Water, Soil
2. Patethan NW 2.54 Air, Ground Water, Water (River Bhima
Surface), Soil
3. Devkarwadi SW 3.57 Air, Ground Water, Soil
4. Pilanwadi S 4.22 Air, Ground Water, Soil
5. Rahu SE 5.7 Air, Ground Water, Soil
6. Telewadi E 3.75 Air, Ground Water, Soil
7. Arangaon NW 5.63 Air
8. Takali-Bhima N 4.01 Air, Ground Water, Water (River Bhima
Surface), Soil
9. Vadgaon-Bande NE 4.24 Ground Water, Soil
10. Vitthalwadi NW 6.45 Water (River Bhima Surface)
11. Nhavi-Sandas NW 7.80 Water (River Bhima Surface)
12. Mirawadi SW 9.09 Water (River Mula Surface)
13. Dahitane SW 6.94 Water (River Mula Surface)
14. Walki NE 8.39 Water (River Mula Surface)
15. Rahu SE 5.69 Water (River Mula Surface)
3.4.1 Soil: General characteristics for the district
The soils of Punedistrict are lighter in the West than in the East and belong broadly to three
mainclasses, viz., black, red and brown. In some places one class of soil blends with another in
varyingproportions and is in turn modified by sand, gravel, lime salts and other ingredients. Kali or
Black soils are nearly black in colour and sometimes have a grayish or bluish tinge. It is commonly
found in layers several feet deep and occurs mostly in the Eastern portion of Khed, Shirur, Daund
and Purandhar Tahsils and the whole of Baramati and Indapur Tahsils. Black soils are richer than
either red or coarse grey soils and are particularly suited for rabi crops because of their quality
ofretaining moisture for a longer time and crumbling instead of becoming hard due to the sun.
Wheat, gram, rabi jowar and sugarcane are amongst the important crops grown in these soils.
Brown or copper coloured soils, commonly known as tambvat are found in the transition tractviz.,
the Eastern parts of Khed and Haveli Tahsils and the Western parts of Shirur, Daundand Purandhar
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-12
Tahsils. These soils are shallower and coarser than the black soils. They are often impaired by
mixture of gravel but when watered by frequent showers, are generally well suited for wheat and
kharif crops particularly jowar and bajra.
3.4.1.1 Soil characteristics
Soil is a dynamic natural body on the surface of the earth in which plants grow, composed of
mineral and organic materials and living forms. Soil is an essential component of the terrestrial
ecosystem. Soil also acts as a medium of transport of various dissolved materials to the underlying
ground water. Hence the impact of the proposed activities on soil needs to be understood for
proper mitigation measure whenever required.
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the study area. Hence it is necessary to identify
the impacts in the study area on the soil characteristics, which would affect the agricultural and a
forestation potential.
Ground truth collection and soil analysis
Using the available base map and land use land cover map, the area was traversed for identification
of present land use/land cover classes. To understand the soil variability based on land use map,
eleven locations were selected for soil sampling within the 10 km radius of the study area. Nearly
2.0 kg of representative soil samples collected from each location at a depth of 30 cm.
Soil analysis
The bulk soil samples collected during the field work were initially air dried in laboratory at room
temperature, ground using wooden mortar and pestle, screened through 2 mm sieve, properly
labeled and stored in cloth bags for laboratory analysis. Soils were analyzed for texture, pH and
electrical conductivity (1:2.5 H2O), organic carbon, calcium carbonate, available nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium and DTPA extractable micronutrient like iron, manganese, zinc and copper
and heavy metals like chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel using standard methods.
The data pertaining to soil analysis have been presented in Table 3.6 and salient chemical
characteristics of the soils have been discussed below.
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-13
Table 3.6: Soil analysis results for samples collected from the study area
Ch
ara
cte
rist
ics
pH
EC
(M
illi
mh
os/
cm)
Mo
istu
re
(%)
Te
xtu
re
Org
an
ic
ma
tte
r (%
)
Org
an
ic
Ca
rbo
n (
%)
Av
ail
ab
le
Nit
rog
en
(K
g/
ha
)
Av
ail
ab
le
Ph
osp
ho
rou
s (P
2O
5)
(Kg
/h
a)
Av
ail
ab
le
Po
tass
ium
(K
g/
ha
)
Project Site
8.1 0.263 18.73 Clay 0.55 0.32 344.96 18.11 188
Pilanwadi 7.9 0.083 14.16 Clay 0.89 0.51 330.84 17.47 214
Takali-
Bhima
8.5 0.310 19.62 Silt 0.94 0.54 316.73 18.39 110
Patethan 8.2 0.293 17.95 Silt-clay
0.82 0.47 354.36 19.97 182
Devkarwad
i
8.8 0.343 16.82 Silt-loam
0.52 0.30 238.33 26.62 177
Wadgaon-
Bande
8.0 0.089 18.38 Clay 0.40 0.23 211.68 15.81 203
Telewadi 8.3 0.401 16.27 Sandy 0.67 0.39 227.36 22.46 223
Rahu 8.1 0.321 12.26 Clay-loamy
0.31 0.18 338.68 16.64 198
3.4.1.2 Observations
The pH indicates the potential of ionizable hydrogen ion and represents the degree of acidity or
alkalinity in soils. Based on pH (soil reaction), the soils are grouped as acidic, alkaline or neutral.
The pH of the soils ranged from 7.9 to 8.8 (moderately alkaline to alkaline). The electrical
conductivity is a measure of soluble salt concentration in the soils. The EC (< 0.40Milli mhos/cm) of
all the soils are within the acceptable limitand not of much consequence for growing a range of
crops.
Organic carbon is an indicator of organic fraction in soils formed from microbial decomposition of
organic residues. It acts as a major factor regulating the organic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus,
sulphur and trace elements in the soils. It also improves the soil structure, infiltration rate, nutrient
retention and reduces soil erosion. The organic carbon content in the soils varies from 0.18 to
0.54per cent.
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-14
3.4.2 Hydrology
The entire area of the district is underlain by the basaltic lava flows of upper Cretaceous to lower
Eocene age. The shallow alluvial formation of Recent age also occurs as narrow stretch along the
major rivers flowing in the area. A map depicting the drainage pattern of study area is shown in
Figure–3.6.
Figure 3.6: Drainage map of the study area
3.4.3 Physico-chemical characteristics of surface water
The surface water samples collected during summerseason and analyzed for Physico-chemical
characteristics and the corresponding results interpreted in Table 3.7. The same were compared
with drinking water standard IS 10500:2012.The Physico-chemical parameters of river Bhima and
river Mula-mutha showed moderate water quality in terms of Total suspended solids: 54-66 mg/l.
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-15
Table 3.7: Analysis report - Surface water sources from the study area
Characteristics
Unit
Vit
tha
lwa
di
(Bh
ima
Riv
er)
Nh
av
i-S
an
da
s
(Bh
ima
Riv
er)
Mir
a W
ad
i
(Mu
la R
ive
r)
Da
hit
an
e
(Mu
la R
ive
r)
Ta
ka
li-
Bh
ima
(Bh
ima
Riv
er)
Ra
hu
(Mu
la
Riv
er)
Wa
lki
(Mu
la R
ive
r)
Pa
teth
an
(Bh
ima
Riv
er)
DW
sta
nd
ard
–
IS 1
05
00
:20
12
pH -- 7.6 7.5 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.8 7.9 7.9 6.5 to 8.5
Conductivity at 25°C mmhos
/cm
0.485 0.611 0.883 0.695 0.673 0.541 0.46 0.46 --
Total Suspended Solids mg/l 58 62 58 54 64 58 56 66
Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 300 286 268 324 250 270 304 232 <500
Total Alkalinity mg/l 47.5 55 95 97.5 85 77.5 75 90 <200
Total Hardness as
CaCO3
mg/l 115 135 145 120 195 125 135 135 <200
Calcium as Ca2+ mg/l 23.04 18.03 30.06 38.07 38.07 27.05 27.05 42.08 <75
Magnesium as Mg2+ mg/l 13.97 21.87 17.01 13.97 21.87 13.97 16.40 7.29 <30
Chlorides as Cl mg/l 49.98 46.23 41.23 31.24 27.49 59.98 29.99 49.98 <200
Residual chlorine mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL >0.20
Sodium mg/l 60 50 55 60 95 50 30 40 --
Potassium mg/l 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.5 3 02 03 --
Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 43.88 37.76 60.19 44.27 32.03 40.77 31.55 42.52 <250
Phosphate mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL --
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-16
Silica mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.26 0.52 --
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.6 4.7 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.9 --
Biochemical Oxygen
Demand at 27°C for 3
days
mg/l 6.76 6.2 6.76 7.59 6.76 6.2 8.33 6.2 --
Chemical Oxygen
Demand
mg/l 16 16 16 18 16 16 20 16 --
Heavy Metals
Iron mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.3
Manganese mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1
Copper mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL --
Cadmium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.003
Chromium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05
Nickel mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.02
Lead mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01
Zinc mg/l 0.126 0.111 BDL 0.226 0.221 BDL BDL BDL 5
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-17
Table 3.8: Analysis report - Groundwater sources from the study area
Characteristics
Unit Pil
an
wa
di
(We
ll w
ate
r)
Ta
ka
liB
him
a
(Bo
re W
ell
wa
ter)
Pa
teth
an
(B
ore
We
ll w
ate
r)
Va
dg
ao
nB
an
de
(We
ll w
ate
r)
Fa
cto
ry S
ite
(Bo
re W
ell
wa
ter)
De
ok
arw
ad
i
(Bo
re W
ell
wa
ter)
Ra
hu
(B
ore
We
ll w
ate
r)
Te
Le
wa
di(
Bo
re
We
ll w
ate
r)
DW
Sta
nd
ard
- I
S 1
05
00
:
20
12
pH -- 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.5 6.5 to 8.5
Conductivity mmhos
/cm
0.670 0.243 0.33 0.371 0.822 0.47 1.45 1.373 -
Chemical Oxygen
Demand
mg/l 12 16 12 16 24 16 12 16 -
Biochemical Oxygen
Demand
mg/l 5.4 6.76 5.1 5.63 8.9 6.2 5.4 6.2 -
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.8 -
Total Solids mg/l 548 310 224 398 548 692 670 620 -
Total Dissolved
Solids
mg/l 292 202 148 318 472 520 438 472 <500
Total Suspended
Solids
mg/l 78 84 68 76 70 66 78 72 -
Total Hardness as
CaCO3
mg/l 140 135 110 205 205 145 115 130 <200
Calcium mg/l 35.07 30.06 26.05 50.1 30.06 36.07 62.12 26.05 75
Magnesium mg/l 12.75 14.58 10.93 12.15 24.3 13.36 4.86 15.79 30
Chlorides as Cl mg/l 44.98 34.98 31.24 6.24 29.99 24.99 39.98 34.98 <200
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-18
Characteristics
Unit Pil
an
wa
di
(We
ll w
ate
r)
Ta
ka
liB
him
a
(Bo
re W
ell
wa
ter)
Pa
teth
an
(B
ore
We
ll w
ate
r)
Va
dg
ao
nB
an
de
(We
ll w
ate
r)
Fa
cto
ry S
ite
(Bo
re W
ell
wa
ter)
De
ok
arw
ad
i
(Bo
re W
ell
wa
ter)
Ra
hu
(B
ore
We
ll w
ate
r)
Te
Le
wa
di(
Bo
re
We
ll w
ate
r)
DW
Sta
nd
ard
- I
S 1
05
00
:
20
12
Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 54.85 25.33 56.79 74.75 49.02 79.61 50 48.54 <250
Phosphate mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -
Total Alkalinity as
CaCO3
mg/l 75 20 50 75 70 85 95 60 <200
Silica mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -
Sodium mg/l 70 30 75 30 50 80 75 95 -
Potassium mg/l 0.3 2 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 1.0 -
Residual chlorine mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL >0.20
Nitrates mg/l 2.6 BDL 2.44 1.71 2.01 2.65 2.56 2.59 <45
Copper mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -
Cadmium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.003
Chromium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05
Nickel mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.02
Iron mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.3
Zinc mg/l BDL BDL BDL 0.121 0.105 BDL BDL BDL 5
Manganese mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1
Lead mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-19
Buffering capacity in terms of alkalinity found to be in the range of 47.5-97.5 mg/l, whereas pH
was in the range of 6.6-7.9. Nutrient load in terms total phosphates found to be BDL. Levels of
DO and COD observed to be in the range of 3.6-4.7 mg/l and 16-20 mg/l respectively. Heavy
metals like nickel, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, iron, manganese are found below
detectable limits and zinc found in the range of 0.111-0.226 mg/l.
3.4.3.1. Physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water
The sampling locations of 08 groundwater resources (from bore well) are studied during winter
season. The results obtained for physico-chemical, inorganic parameters, nutrient demand and
organic parameters, heavy metals, characteristics of groundwater samples collected are
presented in Table 3.8. In groundwater, total suspended solids were found to be in the range of
66-84 mg/l. The alkalinity as CaCO3, was found to be in the range of 20 - 95 mg/l which is lower
than the prescribed standard (IS: 10500-2012) limit whereas pH was in the range of 7.3-7.7.
Concentration of nitrate and sulphate were found to be in the range of BDL1.71-2.65 mg/l and
25.33-79.61 mg/l respectively.
3.4.4 Hydrogeology
The entire area of the district is underlain by the basaltic lava flows of upper Cretaceous to
lower Eocene age. The shallow alluvial formation of recent age also occurs as narrow stretch
along the major rivers in the area. A map depicting the hydrogeological features is shown in
Figure–3.7.
Hard Rock (Deccan Trap Basalt)
Basaltic lava flows occupies more than 95% of the area of the district. These flows are normally
horizontally disposed over a wide stretch and give rise to table land type of topography also
known a plateau. These flows occur in layered sequences ranging in thickness from 7 to 45 m
and represented by massive unit at the bottom and vesicular unit at the top of the flow. These
flows are separated from each other by marker bed known as ‘bole bed’.
The water bearing properties of these flows depend upon the intensity of weathering, fracturing
and jointing which provides availability of open space within therock for storage and movement
of ground water. The thickness of weathering in the district various widely up to 20 m bgl.
However, the weathered and fractured trap occurring in topographic lows forms the potential
aquifer in the district.
The ground water in the district occurs under phreatic, semi – confined and confined conditions.
Generally, the shallower zones down to the depth of 20 to 22 m bgl form the phreatic aquifer.
The water bearing zones occurring between the depth 20 and 40 m bgl when weathered or
having shear zones yield water under semi-confined condition. The deep confined aquifers
generally occur below the depth of 40 m bgl.
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-20
The vesicular unit of lava flow when exposed or lying just few meter below the surface forms a
potential aquifer in the district. However, the vesicular portion of different lava flows varies in
thickness from few m to 10 m and nature and density of vesicles, their distribution,
interconnection, weathering are the decisive factors for occurrence and movement of water in
these units. The massive portions of basaltic flows are normally devoid of water, but when it is
weathered, fractured and jointed forms potential aquifer. In Deccan Trap Basalt, the yield of the
dugwells in different formations ranges from 30 to 150 lpm/day depending upon the local
hydrogeological conditions. The yields of borewells also show wide variations and it ranges
from traces to 30.62 lps (Lavle) a seen from CGWB exploration data.
Soft Rock (Alluvium)
Alluvium occurs in small areas along banks and flood plains of major rivers like Bhima, Ghod,
Mula, Mutha and their tributaries. In alluvium the granular detrital material like sand and gravel
usually occurring as thin layer in the district yields water. But due to its limited extent the
ground water potential in this formation is negligible
Figure 3.7: Hydrogeology of Pune District
(Source: Ministry of Water Resources Central Ground Water Board, Ground Water Information Pune
District Maharashtra, 2009)
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-21
3.4.4.1 Major Ground Water Problems and Issues
About 50 % area of Pune district falls under Rain Shadow zone of Maharashtra state. Long term rain fall
data analysis reveals that eastern, southern, south-eastern, central and north-central part area of district
around Indapur, Baramati, Jejuri, Daund, Talegaon, Dhamdhare, Alandi, Shirur and Bhor are classified as
drought areas. Decadal pre-monsoon water level trend (2002-11) shows fall in water levels up to 0.56
m/year in 30% of the GWMW of the district, whereas in postmonsoon season fall is observed upto 0.27
m/year in 37% of GWMW. The stage of ground water development has reached up to 96.13% in two
talukas of the district namely Baramati and Purandhar and are categorized under “Semi-Critical”
category. In 17% water samples collected from CGWB Ground Water Monitoring Wells, excessive nitrate
content (> 45 mg/L) was recorded during year 2011.
(Source: Ministry of Water Resources Central Ground Water Board, Ground Water Information Pune
District Maharashtra, 2009)
3.4.5 Air Environment
The baseline ambient air quality data is given in table 3.9.
Table 3.9: Baseline Ambient Air Quality data
Sr. No.
Location Ambient Air Parameters
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3)
1. Factory Site
Minimum 40.17 19.67 15.19 20.01
Maximum 58.28 37.04 20.28 32.16
Average 50.60 28.85 18.59 27.07
98th Percentile 55.84 36.61 20.25 32.12
2. Patethan
Minimum 41.00 21.29 12.24 15.73
Maximum 53.23 32.69 18.93 31.03
Average 48.80 27.39 17.31 25.43
98th Percentile 53.02 32.57 18.91 30.91
3. Devkarwadi
Minimum 36.34 19.48 13.08 15.34
Maximum 52.45 32.66 19.35 30.06
Average 46.85 24.48 16.89 23.68
98th Percentile 52.42 32.24 19.14 29.93
4. Pilanwadi
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-22
Sr. No.
Location Ambient Air Parameters
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3)
Minimum 40.48 18.78 13.5 14.96
Maximum 54.81 29.51 18.93 28.77
Average 44.7 22.57 16.63 22.78
98th Percentile 53.73 29.45 18.77 28.3
5. Rahu
Minimum 39.92 18.47 12.66 15.15
Maximum 53.18 33.46 18.71 29.9
Average 46.75 24.74 16.48 23.8
98th Percentile 52.86 32.66 18.67 29.4
6. Telewadi
Minimum 35.47 18.8 12.5 16.66
Maximum 52.21 28.28 19.36 26.57
Average 44.57 22.27 17.09 22.74
98th Percentile 51.73 28.02 19.27 26.55
7. Arangaon
Minimum 36.78 18.88 11.79 15.65
Maximum 49.89 26.93 19.77 28.55
Average 44.89 22.34 16.82 22.28
98th Percentile 49.86 26.87 19.53 28.26
8. TakaliBhima
Minimum 34.63 20.02 13.3 17.38
Maximum 50.27 30.13 19.57 29.61
Average 44.75 23.68 17.18 23.82
98th Percentile 49.87 29.42 19.47 29.61
NAAQS (24 hour) 100 60 80 80
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-23
3.4.5.1 Observations
Particulate Matter
PM10
The average PM10 concentration varied in the range from 44.57 - 50.60µg/m3. The highest
concentration among the locations observed at Factory site and lowest at Telewadi among the
locations monitored which may be due to windblown dust, unpaved roads etc. The PM10 for all
locations were observed to be below stipulated standards for NAAQS (24 hourly PM10 = 100
µg/m3).
PM2.5
The average PM2.5 concentration varied in the range from 22.27 – 28.85 µg/m3. The highest
concentration among the locations observed at Factory site and lowest at Telewadi among the
locations monitored which may be due to windblown dust, unpaved roads etc. The PM2.5 for all
other locations were observed to be below stipulated standards for NAAQS (24 hourly PM2.5 =
60 µg/m3).
Gaseous Pollutant
The average concentration of SO2 ranged between 16.48 – 18.59 µg/m3 and the average
concentration of NOx ranged between 22.28 – 27.07µg/m3. The highest and lowest
concentration of SO2 observed at project site and Rahu respectively. The highest and lowest
concentration of NOx observed at project site and Arangaon respectively. The SO2 and NOx
concentrations for all other locations were observed to be below stipulated standards for
NAAQS (24 hourly SO2 and NOx= 80 µg/m3).
The 98th percentile values of 24 hourly concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx ranged from
55.84-49.86µg/m3, 26.87-36.61µg/m3, 18.67 -20.25µg/m3 and 26.55-32.12µg/m3 respectively.
3.4.6 Noise Environment
Noise, in general, is sound which is composed of many frequency components of various
loudness, which are distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and
universally accepted scale is the weighted scale which is measured as decibel or dB. This is
more suitable for audible range of 20-20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various
components of noise according to the response of a human ear. The environmental impact
assessment of a noise from the industrial activity, vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking
into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses,
annoyance and general community responses which have several effects varying from rise
Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) etc. Noise survey had been conducted in the study area to
assess the background noise levels in different zones viz. Industrial, commercial and residential
zones. Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. Eight locations were identified for
the monitoring of noise levels (Table 3.10).
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-24
3.4.6.1 Method of Monitoring
Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were undertaken at all locations, with an interval of
10second over a periodicity of 15 minutes for 24 hours. As per the CPCB guidelines, 6 am to 10
pm considered as daytime and 10 pm to 6 am is considered as nighttime.
3.4.6.2 Parameters Measured
It was observed that both the day time and night time noise levels were observed within the
national standards limits. The results of the noise monitoring at the location monitored are
given in Table 3.10.
Table 3.10: Noise Monitoring Results in dB(A)
#. Location Avg. Leq in dB (A)
Day time
(6 am to 10 pm)
Night time (10 pm to 6 am)
Industrial Area
1. Factory site
(Industrial Area)
54.4 49
Residential area (Rural)
2. Patethan 47.4 41.6
3. Devkarwadi 51.7 40.2
4. Pilanwadi 49.6 39.1
5. Rahu 52.9 43.2
6. Telewadi 49.8 39.8
7. Arangaon 50.1 41.8
8. TakaliBhima 42.5 40.5
Noise Standard Limits
Area
Code
Category of Area / Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq
Day Time Night Time
A Industrial Area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55
C Residential Area 55 45
D Silence Area 50 40
As per The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000
3.5 GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
3.5.1 Geography
The district of Pune, located in the state of Maharashtra, covers a total geographical area of
15.642 square kms. Being the second largest district in the state, it covers 5.10 percent of the
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-25
total geographical area of the state. The district is bordered by Ahmednagar district on the
north-east, Solapur district on the south-east, Satara district on south, Raigad district on the
west and Thane district on the north-west. The landscape of Pune district is distributed
triangularly in western Maharashtra at the foothills of the Sahyadri Mountains and is divided
into three parts: Ghatmatha, Maval and Desh.
3.5.2 Geology
Geologically, the entire District is consisted of Deccan traps. These volcanic lava flows arespread
out in the form of horizontal sheets or beds. However, laterite caps the summit of some of
thehills of high altitudes in the District. Laterite rock is ferruginous hard and massive and
generallyvaries in colour from dark red to yellowish and dark brown to dirty brown. A fresh cut
surface of thelaterite bed is usually soft but becomes very hard and tough on exposure to the
atmosphere.Trap rocks are generally barren of any economically useful and important minerals
but beinghard, dense and durable are most suitable for building purposes. These rocks are
generally used asroad metal, railway ballast and as an aggregate for concrete mixtures.Irregular
nodules of kankar and gypsum occur in the soil at a number of places especially in the
Eastern parts of the District. Kankar on burning yields good lime and is locally used for the
manufacture of lime for use in construction purposes.
3.5.2.1 Minerals
There are no major mineral deposits in the district. However, Sand, Murum, Stone and clay are
available in abundance, which can be suitably used for construction of roads and building.The
geological and mineral map of Maharashtra is given in Fig. 3.8.
Chapter III
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-26
(Source:http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/MP30_GM_Maharashtra.pdf)
Figure 3.8: Geological and Mineral Map of Maharashtra
3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
3.6.1 Methodology
Ecological study of the area was comprised of conducting survey of the study area, noting
important ecosystems and habitat therein, diversity of floral and faunal elements by listing of
species and assessment of their existing baseline ecological condition.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-27
Study area was comprised of 10 km radius considering proposed unit at the centre
Primary data was collected on floral aspects as well as on avifauna by visiting the study
area,
Data on different type of animals, including mammals, amphibians, reptiles, insects, etc,
have been obtained from secondary sources
Secondary data was collected from literature, forest department’s web sites and
discussion with local people/ NGO
3.6.2 Floral diversity of study area
Field survey was carried out during October 2017 to January 2018at and around 10 km area of
the site, data on floral distribution was collected mainly by field observation and collection of
specimens, interview with local people & literature available. Plants characters were noted in
the field. Collected plant specimens were identified with the help of keys to the families, genera
and species provided in the field guides and floras.
The project site is predominantly covered by cultivated species that includes large number of
mango (Mangiferaindica), coconut (Cocos nucifera), Gulmohar (Delonixregia), Amla, Banana,
Drum stick, etc. Acacia, neem, shirish, Palas, members of Ficusgrown naturally observed along the
road as well as in the open spaces and to some extent on the boundaries of farms. Wild shrubs
such as Lantana, Jatropha,Calatropis, Cassia, Ricinus, Salvadorawere observed. Within the
project site, there is no aquatic body.
3.6.3 Faunal diversity of study area
Survey was carried out at site & around 10 km area of the site, data on faunal distribution was
recorded mainly through information gathered from local people, literature available about the
area and from official sources such as forest department, district gazetteer, zoological survey of
India, etc.
Study of birds was conducted early in the morning when birds vocalize most, which in known as
the dawn chorus. It is time of maximum bird movement. Direct observation was carried out
with the help of binocular. Existences of birds are recorded by collecting their fallen feathers, by
listening/recording bird’s calls, by observing nest, etc. Field guides were used for identification
of birds. Common birds like little egret, common babbler, Indian myna, Indian robin, jungle
crow, purple sunbird, small green bee eater, house crow etc. were common and dominant. A
detailed list of the same is enclosed as annexure XII.
3.6.4 Observations within 10 km surrounding study area:
There are no threatened species of plants or animals reported from the said area. The area is
predominantly under agriculture. The species observed are matching to the habitat. Wildlife as
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-28
such is negligible and common to this region. River Mula and Bhima are two important aquatic
ecosystems of this area. However, the aquatic life is very minor (Due to constructions of dam in
the upper region, fresh water flow is very poor and mainly treated sewage from Pune and
adjoining sub-urban area is released into the same). Fishes are generally collected from artificial
ponds/lakes or imported from some other areas. Any national park or sanctuary is not situated
in 10 or 25 km radius of the project. Hence, ecology-biodiversity aspect is not very sensitive for
the said project.
3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
3.7.1 Introduction
In general, while studying development of any geographical area or regions, socio- economic
status of the population residing in that area, is considered as one of the prime indicators.
Developmental project of any magnitude will have some bearing on the living conditions and on
the economics of the local population. Similarly, the proposed unit will have its share of socio-
economic influence in the study area.
3.7.2 Methodology
Data collection on Demography of the area, infrastructure available, etc. through site visit, a
questionnaire, official web site of the district, district gazetteer, census of India and other
government offices.
3.7.3 Sources of Information
As per the scope of this study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been gathered and
compiled from several secondary sources. These include block office, Collectorate office,
Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central/state Ground Water Board, Department
of Mines and Geology etc. The demographic data has mainly been compiled from the website of
Census of India 2011. The socio-economic details are briefly described in following sections.
3.7.4 Social Profile
Hinduism is the majority religion in Daund taluka with 82.22% followers. Islam (Muslim) is
second most popular religion with approximately 9.94% and Jain is 1.73 % presented in below
table
Table 3.11: Religious status of Daund taluka
# Hindu Muslim Jain
Daund (%) 82.22 9.94 1.73
(Source: Census Book, 2011)
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-29
3.7.4.1 Demography
Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. It encompasses the
study of size, structure and distribution of these populations and spatial or temporal changes in
them in response to birth, migration, ageingand death. Demographics are quantifiable
characteristics of a given population. The demographic details of Daund talukaand number and
percentage of SC, ST population is given in Table 3.12.
Table 3.12:Number and percentage of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population in
Daund Taluka, 2011
# Total
population
Total Scheduled
Caste
population
Total
Scheduled
Tribe
population
Percentage of
Scheduled Caste
population to
total population
Percentage of
Scheduled Tribe
population to
total population
Total 331,046 45,819 8,434 13.84 2.54
Rural 324,183 42,226 8,059 13.02 2.48
Urban 6,863 3,593 375 52.35 5.46
Table 3.13: Sex ratio by sub district
# Total Urban Rural
Daund 939 933 971
The population with respect to Schedule caste and schedule tribes in Daund taluka is given
below-
Table 3.14: Demographic details with respect to SC and ST Population
# Total SC ST
Total 3,31,046 49,450 8,434
Male 1,71,166 23,259 4,306
Female 1,59,880 22,560 4,128
(Source: District Census Handbook, 2011)
3.7.4.2 Literacy Levels
Literacy is very important for overall development of the region. It improves the quality of
human resources. Literacy brings about fundamental changes in socio-economic development
of any area. The literacy rate was found to be 85.70% within 10km of study area. The literacy
details of villages in Daund tehsil is given below (Table 3.15).
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-30
Table 3.15:Number of literates and illiterates, literacy rate by sex in sub-Districts, 2011
# Number of literates and illiterates Gap in
Male
female
Literacy
rate
Number of literates Number of illiterates Literacy rate
Persons Male Female Persons Males Females Persons Males Females
Total 263,989 146,684 117,305 116,507 49,599 66,908 79.09 85.70 72.13 13.97
Rural 220,410 123,593 96,817 103,773 44,124 59,649 77.64 84.67 70.20 14.47
Urban 43,579 23091 20,488 12,734 5475 7259 87.32 91.66 82.89 8.77
(Source: District Census Handbook, 2011)
3.7.4.3 Occupation structure
Agriculture and related activities provide major employment opportunities for the locals.The
list of few industries in Daund taluka is given in Table 3.16.
Table 3.16: List of Industries& Sugar mill/ distilleries in the surrounding area
List of Industries Distance,
km
List of sugar mills/distilleries
With capacities
Distance,
km
Neosym Industries
Ltd
14.00 RaosahebPawarGhodganaga SSK
(2500TCD/30KLPD)
35
Mahesh Industries 14.50 Venkateshkrupa Sugar (2500TCD) 30
Auto Point
Industries
14.30 Anuraj Sugar (2500TCD) 30
Mutual Industries 14.50 Bhima Patas (5000TCD/45KLPD) 35
Praj Industries 15.50 Daund Sugar (3500TCD/90KLPD) 65
3.7.4.4 Settlement Details
There are few settlements in the 10km proximity of the site viz., Patethan, Takli-Bhima, Nhavi
Sandas, Rahu, Pimpalgaon, Khamgaon, Dahitane, Valaki, etc. and Daund tehsil has 23 villages
within 10 km study area.
3.7.4.5 Availability of Infrastructure
Availability of infrastructure and facilities denote the level of overall development in the study
area. The availability of facilities with regard to education, health, transport and
communication, water supply and availability of electricity are dealt with in the following.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-31
Road and railway network
The site is well connected by road, railway as well as air network. It is approx.13.3 km away
from the state highway no. 27 and 13.27 km away from the national highway no. 9. Yavat
railway station is approx. 13 km from the project site. The international Airport of Pune
(approx. 35 km) is the nearest airport to the site.
Education facilities
The overall educational facilities available in Daundtaluka. Primary school, Degree colleges in
Daund taluka are available at a distance of approx. 07km from the factory site.
c. Health Services
Primary health centre (PHC) is available in village KoregaonBhivar and Shindewadi.Apart from
government medical facility, many dispensaries are available in nearby areas/villages.
d. Drinking Water Supply
Drinking water facility is available in almost all the villages in the study area. Groundwater
sources namely, well and hand pump are used as drinking water sources. This reduces water
borne diseases to certain extent but may cause problems if ground water quality degrades.
e. Crops
The district and this region is well known for vegetables such as tomato, brinjal and Ladies
finger. Amongst cereals wheat, gram, rabi, jowar and sugarcane are cultivated. Other crops
include cotton, Soybeans, Sunflower and Sesame.
g. Communication facilities
The district is also well connected by telecommunication and postal facilities to the rest of the
country. The telecommunication facilities are provided by private leading operators like Idea,
Airtel, Vodafone etc. There are various newspapers like Pudhari, Sakal, Loksatta, Maharashtra
times, Lokmat etc. getting circulated in the district, which includes national level, state level as
well as local level newspaper. Pune has efficient telecom and internet services. Aakashvani is
operating its transmission station from Pune. Doordarshan has a very widespread in the
district. Now a days, direct to home services of private operators are also becoming popular.
h. Post and Courier
Modernization has changed lifestyle of people and nowadays e-mails are preferred for
communication in the urban areas but importance of postal services cannot be neglected when
it comes to send letters, mails and parcels to the distant places.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-32
i. Power Supply
Mahato (1982) has stated that, when the economic prosperity rises, the per capita electric
power consumption generally increases. Hence, progress of electricity can be a good indicator of
socio-economic development and they were by human resource development. Electricity is
available in all villages coming under study area.
j. Banking Services
Many of the leading banks such as Bank of Maharashtra, Kotak Mahindra, Dena Bank, and Co-
operative Banks are present in the study area. They are also providing ATM facilities.
3.7.5 Social activities initiated and implemented by SMSKL
Since its establishment the factory has shown concern about the social development of the
region. As a part of its social commitment, it has initiated and implemented many activities in
the region. Some of them are highlighted below
A. Cane Development Scheme:
Distribution of organic and chemical fertilizers for farmers in command area and
establishment of “ShrinathMhaskobaAgri Services” for guidance to the farmers
The soil testing laboratory has been set up for the farmers at factory premises, the
soil testing is provided free of charge. Ever year 4500 to 5000 samples were
analyzed
The independent sugarcane development department has been established in the
factory and it provides guidance to farmers about the sugarcane
Technical group is set up in Agricultural department to provide knowledge from
planting to Harvesting of sugarcane crop
Technical knowledge is being provided to farmers for implementation of 100% drip
irrigation into the farms
B. The factory operates a school i.e. “SakharShala” for cane harvesting labour during
crushing season. All expenses towards this activity is borne by the factory, including
fees, stationery, uniform, etc. It also provides mid-day meals to the students.
C. Establishment of “Shree JansevaPratishthanSanstha” at Shikrapur in 2014. Following
activities are implemented
“Late SambhajiraoKarpe” Ayurvedic Clinic
From the perspective of women empowerment, “Late KalavatiRaut” women training
center was established
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-33
Hostel facility for the economically backward people and cane harvesting farmers is
being running in the name of “Late Sambhaji Bhujbal”
D. Financial Assistance is provided by the factory to improve educational level of the Zila
Parishad schools in factory operation area. About 15 schools and 4500 students
benefitted by this.
E. Tree plantation is done by the mill every year, about 12,296 number of trees are planted
in the surrounding villages and 11,770 number of saplings are distributed among the
farmers at free of cost.
F. The factory is operating indigenous cattle rearing center at site for farmers to
understand the importance of indigenous cattle for agriculture
G. Health and medical checkup facilities for workers and their families
H. Construction of tar roads in the factory premises and surrounding villages by the factory
for better transportation
I. Participation in various schemes implemented by the central as well as state
government. Participated in “Jalyukta Shivar” scheme implemented by Maharashtra
government. Under this scheme, water conservation work has been done by the factroy
in Rahu, Kondhapuri and other surrounding villages. Four ponds have been constructed
having 7.5 Cr. Liters storage capacity and about 3500 farmers are benefitted by this
work. Total expenses for this work is about 7.63 Lakhs in year 2016-17
J. Under ‘Swach Bharat Abhiyan’, construction of toilets for cane harvesting labours and
for residential lobours
K. A clean campaign has been implemented by the factory on quarterly basis
3.8 OTHER ASPECTS
3.8.1 Traffic Details
The average traffic per day during season and off season is given in Table 3.17.
Table 3.17: Average Traffic per day
# Type of Vehicle During Season During Off- Season
1. HMV (Trucks, Tankers, Tractors 124 23
2. LMV (Car, Jeep) 04 01
3. Four wheelers 01 00
4. Two wheelers 325 25
Total 454 50
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-34
From Seismic Zone map (Fig. 3.9), it appears that, the proposed site is in earthquake zone III. In
this zone, the probable earthquake intensity of >5 Richter scale could be observed.
No defense installations or recreational sites, historically or archeologically important/ notified
sites, ecologically sensitive sites, national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves present in
study area of 10km radius.
Figure 3.9: Seismic Zone Map of Maharashtra
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-1
Chapter IV
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
It is a foregone conclusion that any industrial projects or developmental activity will have
positive and negative impacts. This project i.e. expansion of sugar and distillery unit is also
anticipated to have environmental and social impacts. This chapter focuses on identification of
these impacts to the maximum possible extent. These impacts are identified based on the
activities involved in the project, site specific physical as well as environmental conditions,
quantities and/or characteristics of various pollutants, factors responsible for the impact and
direct/secondary sources of impact. The project activities are divided into two parts viz.
construction phase including erection & commissioning; and operation phase i.e. actual
production. Impact assessment is done for both the phases.
4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Presently, the project has following infrastructure.
Existing sugar unit with cane yard, milling, boiling and processing units, boiler with
stack and wet scrubber, spray pond, bagasse yard, sugar godown, molasses storage
tanks, ETP, etc.
Distillery unit including fermentation, distillation, bio-digester, MEE, cooling towers,
compost yard, spentwash storage lagoons, ETP/CPU, storage tanks for raw material and
finished products
Existing greenbelt of approximately12 acres
Raw water reservoir, DM plant
Other – such as asphalted internal roads, firefighting system, captive power source
Since it is an expansion project, the major activities during the construction phase of the
project will be:
Installation of various machineries in the existing sugar and distillery unit
Enhancing capacities of units such as storage of raw material and finished products, ETP
and CPU, spent wash storage lagoons, etc. as per requirement
Preparation / processing of construction material
Loading / unloading of construction material
Transportation of material
To & fro transportation of workers
Disposal of the liquid and solid waste generated by the temporary work force employed
for the construction
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-2
4.2.1 Land Transformation
The proposed project will be within the existing sugar complex. The land is under the
possession of the project proponent. The management has made provision of 7.5 acres of land
for the expansion of sugar and distillery units. Out of which, it is estimated that 20,000 sq.m
(5.0 acres) will be built-up area where expansion units, internal roads, and other setup will be
installed/developed. Since, the existing land (allocated for the said activity) is flat, barren and
therefore, construction will take place with just minor leveling activity. It is anticipated that
approximately 3,000 tons of top fertile soil layer (Considering 15 cm layer) will get removed
due to this construction. In addition, it will generate excavated material such as murum and
stones in moderate quantities. Following measures will be adopted to minimize the potential
impact.
Upper fertile layer of soil will be kept separately and reused for the development of
greenbelt, mainly along the boundary of the unit and in areas where soil strata is very
poor.
The excess of excavated soil, stones and other earth material will be used within the
project site, mainly for foundation of various structures and for expansion of internal
roads (As per requirement)
Construction waste, debris will be disposed off according to their characteristics;
recyclable material will be sold to recycling agents; in any case construction waste will
not be dumped outside the factory premises, particularly into any water body, wetland,
community land etc.
The runoff from the construction site will be controlled by ditches and will not allowed
to runoff into any water bodies or percolate in the surrounding soils
Due to minor construction and erection of structures, a permanent change will take place in the
topography of the respective areas. However, construction activity will be carried out in
planned manner and thus any negative impact on the site specific drainage (if any) will be
avoided.
4.2.2 Air Environment
Construction equipment such as RCC machines, cranes, road rollers, water tankers, etc will be
used for proposed construction work. These all produce noise and often generate dust. Thus,
noise and dust are anticipated as a major impact causing factors.
Following measures are proposed to minimize/control dust
Barricading the dust generating or high noise generating areas
Sprinkling of water while loading/unloading the dust generating material
Sprinkling of water on open, dust generating plots
Storage of cement bags in covered area
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-3
Use of electrically operated machinery instead of diesel operated wherever
feasible to reduce air and noise emissions,
Existing internal roads are asphalted, these roads will be extended as per
requirements. Thus, dust generation from roads due to vehicles will be negligible.
Some administrative controls, such as a) permitting only maintained machineries for
construction work b) developing code for the civil and engineering contractors to follow the
environment management plan c) work permit for noise producing activities only during day
time d) engaging authorized suppliers and contractors which follow the laws and rules related
to safety, health and environment e) allowing vehicles which are well maintained and having
valid PUC certificates
Considering overall volume of the construction activity, it will last for short period of about six
months. Dust (particulate matter) and noise are anticipated to cause negative impact
particularly near the construction areas and along the transportation route. There are no
residential areas or other sensitive receptors in 500 m radius of the proposed site. Moreover,
the area allocated for the proposed project is sizable and the construction work will take place
smoothly without any congestion.
The impact due to dust and noise will be temporary and localized. Further, it will be
reduced/controlled by adopting above mentioned mitigation measures. Thus, localized and
short term minor negative impact is anticipated on ambient air quality as well as noise due to
construction activity.
4.2.3 Water Environment
The sugar complex is having ample open space to accommodate construction labour. Good
quality drinking water facility is available at existing sugar as well as distillery unit. Similarly,
toilet blocks are also available at various locations in these units. The same will be used by the
construction labour and workers. Thus, one of major source of surface water contamination will
be eliminated due to availability of such infrastructure at site. Run-off from construction site is
generally acts as a major source of surface water pollution.
Mitigation Measures: Based on the infrastructure available and site specific situations
following measures are proposed.
Use fresh water with utmost care, use spray pond overflow and sugar ETP treated water
for construction and dust suppression activities. It will help to reduce freshwater
requirement
Minimize wastage of water. Usually, it becomes run-off
Proper precaution to prevent the runoff from construction site from mixing into the
nearby surface and/or ground water resource
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-4
Allow and insist construction labour to use toilet blocks available in the existing factory
premises
Total prohibition on dumping/throwing any solid waste, excavated material from
construction activity into any of the nearby water bodies
By implementing these measures, it is anticipated that overall impact of construction activity on
water environment will be negligible and short term.
4.2.4 Ecology
As mentioned earlier, in the present expansion case, the machinery will be installed in the
existing industrial sheds, Therefore, actual construction activity will take place on site without
cutting of any tree. Thus, construction activity is anticipated to cause no negative impact in the
form of loss of existing space (habitat), permanently. Runoff from construction site will be
managed properly to prevent contamination of nearby surface and/or ground water resource.
Hence, probability of disturbance of surface aquatic ecosystem is anticipated only in accidental
case. Construction activity is anticipated to cause negative impact on soil micro-fauna.
Construction vehicles are anticipated to disturb fauna dwelling along the roads. It will cause
short term, localized negative impact.
4.2.5 Natural Resources
The proposed activity will require natural resources such as minerals e.g. metals, mainly steel
for construction and copper for distillation towers. Glass and aluminum will be required in
minor quantities. Lime-stone will be used indirectly, in the form of cement. Stones and soil
excavated during the construction will also be utilized within the premises for various activities
such as leveling, internal roads, etc.
4.2.6 Socio-Economic aspects
Since, the project doesn’t require any new land and purchase thereof. Therefore, there are no
rehabilitation and restoration issues involved in the project. In the present case, construction
activity will require limited unskilled and skilled workers. Workers employed will be mainly
from nearby areas only. Thus, it will generate employment opportunities to approx. 364 skilled
and unskilled persons. Additionally, activities such as transportation, fabrication, installation of
machinery, etc. are anticipated to provide employment to local contractors, as well as vendor,
material suppliers, etc. Therefore, positive impact anticipated on the socio-economic
environment during the construction phase of the project.
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-5
4.3 OPERATION PHASE: AIR POLLUTION
4.3.1 Transportation
Transportation activities cause air pollution through vehicular exhaust, dust from roads,
loading-unloading of material, etc. In present case, raw material transport such as sugar cane is
done through bullock cart and tractors. Bagasse will be used as a fuel and will be from captive
(sugar mill) source. Molasses will be raw material for distillery and it will be made available
from the sugar mill. Other raw material such as urea, de-foaming chemicals, sulfur, etc. will be
purchased in bulk and thereby daily transportation will be avoided. Therefore, transportation of
raw material anticipated to have minor negative impact on air quality.
Transportation of finished products i.e. sugar as well as RS/ENA or AA usually takes place in
bulk. Considering the gross collective capacity of storage tanks (12 numbers) 6,000m3 it will
require about 400 tankers (considering each tanker of 15m3 capacity). In addition, the
pressmud will be transported in bulk through tractors and dumpers up to compost yard. Sugar
is also sold in auction at periodical interval. Therefore, transportation of the same will also be in
bulk (not on daily basis). Hence, this is anticipated to cause increase in particulate matter and
NOx, particularly during the period/days of transportation. Vehicles of employees and visitors
will be a regular source of emissions. The project is going to provide new employment to
approximately164 persons, in addition there will be some contractual or seasonal employees.
The project is located in rural area, where people prefer two wheelers (motor cycles, scooters,
etc) to commute. Hence, about 95% of such vehicular emissions are anticipated from two
wheelers (~350 per day) and remaining 5% due to passenger cars and other types of vehicles
(~4-5 per day).
Therefore, transportation activity of the proposed project is anticipated to cause increase in
vehicular emissions. The impact will be at periodic interval for short term and beyond 10 km
study zone.
4.3.1.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures
Asphalted roads are provided inside the premises, which will be extended as per the
requirement (in proposed expansion)
Provision of adequate parking space for goods as well as staff vehicles
Engage authorized transport agency for goods transport on the term to use well
maintained vehicles for all transportation activities
While bulk transportation of raw material/finished product, manage the vehicles in
such a way that on-site waiting period for vehicles will be minimum. This will help
in reducing the risks of traffic congestion, minor accidents and overall air pollution.
Provision of separate entrance and exit lanes/gates for vehicles
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-6
Strict prohibition on washing and maintenance of vehicles on site or in parking area
All roads with street light and proper signage at strategic locations
Main gate/s with 24x7 security arrangements
4.3.2 Manufacturing process
The manufacturing process is likely to generate two forms of air pollutants i) from burning of
fuel to generate steam and ii) from processes
4.3.2.1 Emissions due to burning of fuel
Bagasse will be the main fuel and biogas from primary treatment of distillery spentwash will be
theauxiliary fuel. Bagasse is a byproduct of sugar unit. Both bagasse as well as biogas are
renewable energy sources. Use of renewable energy sources over fossil fuels is encouraged all
over the world. Biomass energy is carbon neutral. The analysis of bagasse is given as bellow.
Table 4.1: General characteristics of bagasse
Parameter Value (in %)
Carbon 40-45
Hydrogen 2-6
Oxygen 40-45
Nitrogen 0.15-0.20
Moisture content 50%
Ash content 1.5 - 2.00%
Sulphur <0. 02
Calorific value 2,250 kcal/kg
Bagasse analysis report shows that the elements such as nitrogen and sulfur are present in trace
quantities. Thus, the generation of sulfur-dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen due to
combustion of bagasse are anticipated to be very low. Flue gasses generated due to burning of
bagasse will produce ash. Therefore, particulate matter is considered as the main source of air
pollution.
Estimated ash generation from the project is as follows.
Sugar cane crushing season 6,000 TCD
Bagasse required to generate 2400MT steam per day
(generally observed bagasse to steam ratio 1:2.2)
1091 TPD
Total Ash generated @2% 21.82 TPD
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-7
In case of fuel bagasse, fly ash generation is usually 70% of total ash generated. Venturi
wet scrubber is installed to control fly ash, which will be entrapped and collected as
slurry.
Bottom ash 6.546 TPD
Fly ash generation 15.274 TPD
Fly ash controlled by wet scrubber @95 % 14.51 TPD
Fly Ash emission 0.763 TPD (8.83g/s)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): (Only bagasse used as fuel)
Bagasse required to generate 2400MT steam per day 1091TPD
Sulphur dioxide emissions
(Sulfur content in bagasse 0.02%)
0.4364 TPD (5.05g/s)
Apart from this, trifling fugitive dust emission due to opening and leaks in duct and
manholes and also from ash handling operation at unloading and transfer point are the
minor pollution sources.
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): Another source of air pollution could be the SO2 formed due to burning
of biogas in the sugar factory boiler. The H2S present in the biogas will release the sulphur; that
will react with the oxygen present in the air to form SO2 the reaction will be as follows.
2H2S + 2O2 SO2 + 2H2O + S ------------------ (Equation 1)
2(2+32) + 2(16) (32+32) + 32 + 2(2+16)
68 + 64 64 + 32 + 36
Estimated Biogas production (Considering COD 1,20,000 mg/liters) = 11,700 m3/day
General composition of biogas produced from distillery spentwashis Methane (CH4)-
64%, Carbon dioxide CO2-34%, Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)Max- 02%
Amount of H2S from 18,190 m3 Biogas = 363.8 m3/day OR
(Considering the density of H2S =1.539kg/m3) = 559.9kg/day
As per equation I – 68 gm of H2S combustion required 64gm of oxygen i.e. 94% of total
volume.
559.9 x 0.94 = 526.3 kg oxygen required
Since the amount of Oxygen required = amount of SO2 generated
Total SO2produced = 526.3 kg/day = 21.92 Kg/h
Thus, SO2 Emission will be 6.09 g/seconds
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-8
The quantity of ash generation, particulate matter and SO2 emission during off-season –
considering bagasse along with biogas (subsidiary) as a fuel.
Bagasse requirement for distillery to produce 8TPH steam 87.27 TPD
Bagasse saved during off season due to use of biogas
Biogas generation 18,190 m3 per day
1000m3 of biogas = 2.05MT of bagasse
37.3 TPD
Total bagasse required 50 TPD
Ash content @2% 1 TPD
Bottom ash 0.3 TPD
Fly ash generation 0.7 TPD
Fly ash controlled by wet scrubber (considering efficiency 95%) 0.665 TPD
Fly Ash emission 0.035 TPD (0.4g/s)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2):
Bagasse required 50 TPD
Sulfur content in bagasse 0.02% 0.01 TPD
Sulphur dioxide emissions from burning of bagasse
Sulphur dioxide emissions from burning of biogas
Max. Total SO2 emissions
0.23 g/s
6.09 g/s
6.32 g/s
In case of NOx, there are mainly two opportunities for NOx formation. They are:
1. Thermal NOx - The concentration of “thermal NOx” is controlled by the nitrogen and
oxygen molar concentrations and the temperature of combustion. Combustion at
temperatures well below 1,300(C (2,370(F) forms much smaller concentrations of
thermal NOx
2. Fuel NOx - Fuels that contain nitrogen (e.g. coal) create “fuel NOx” that results from
oxidation of the already-ionized nitrogen contained in the fuel.
Theoretically, Nitric oxide (NO) is generated to the limit of available oxygen (about 200,000
ppm) in air at temperatures above 1,300°C (2,370°F). At temperatures below 760°C (1,400°F),
NO is either generated in much lower concentrations or not at all. In case of bagasse fired
boilers, the temperature usually observed is around 850-10000C, mainly due to high moisture
content of bagasse (~50% moisture). This temperature is much lower for formation of NO,
which is usually formed above 13000C. However, as a worst case scenario it is assumed that the
NO formation may take place at 50% rate. Secondly the bagasse analysis data shows that, the N
percentage is less than 0% which is in the range of 0.10 to 0.20%. Therefore, an average of
0.15% of N content is considered while calculating NO emissions in the present case. Thus, the
second probability of fuel NOx becomes insignificant.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-9
4.3.2.1.1 Dispersion modeling for air pollutants
The impact of proposed project on ambient air quality of the study zone was studied with the
help of simulation studies. This helped to understand probable incremental concentration of
particulate matter (PM10) and Sox generated from burning of bagasse and biogas. Presently the
sugar mill is operating two boilers (72 + 32 TPH) of total capacity of104TPHwith wet-scrubber
as air pollution control equipment and 65-mtr height stack. The same will be used for proposed
expansion. During cane crushing season, the distillery unit will use low pressure exhaust steam
from the captive steam turbine generator unit of the sugar mill. No additional fuel will be burnt
for steam generation during season. Flue gases will be released through stack of 65 m height.
Wet scrubber is installed on existing boilers, which is >96% efficient to trap particulate matter.
During off-season, the steam requirement (8TPH) will be fulfilled from existing 32TPH boiler.
Therefore, during cane crushing season emissions of pollutant will be almost same for
particulate matter, as in the existing situation. The baseline air quality data presented in chapter
III (Table 3.9) reveals that PM10 values observed at all locations were within NAAQS. However,
increase in SO2 emissions is anticipated due to use of biogas.
Prediction of impacts on air environment was carried out employing mathematical model -
AERMOD view dispersion model 9.2 software developed by Lakes Environment Software, Canada.
This model was used for simulations from point sources. Modeling has been done considering
boiler as source and it is at center of grid for prediction of pollutant. The micrometeorological
data collected from site during summer season, used as input data. For the site-specific mixing
heights, CPCB document PROBES/88/2002-2003 referred. The dispersion model input data is
given in table 4.2
Table 4.2: Dispersion Model Input Data
Parameters Unit Stack Attached to Boiler
Stack height m 65
Stack diameter at exit/top m 3
Stack exit gas velocity m/s 8
Stack gas temperature at exit Deg. C 140
Fuel (Bagasse) requirement TPH 45.45
Ash content of bagasse % 2
Emission rate of SPM* g/s 8.83
Emission rate of SO2# g/s 5.05
Emission rate of SO2## g/s 6.32
* After fly ash removal efficiency of pollution control equipment (wet-scrubber) 95%
# Sulphur, considered 0.02% in bagasse
## SO2 emissions from burning of biogas and bagasse during off-season
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-10
Figure 4.1: Isopleths showing incremental ground level concentration of particulate matter
(Short Term 24 Hourly) during cane crushing season
Figure 4.2: Isopleths showing incremental ground level concentration of SO2 (Short Term
24 Hourly) during cane crushing season
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-11
Figure 4.3: Isopleths showing incremental ground level concentration of SO2 (Short Term
24 Hourly) during off-season – bagasse + biogas as a fuel
4.3.2.2 Prediction
The predicted results with baseline concentrations are given below in Table 4.3 while
incremental dispersion trend is shown as isopleths in Figure 4.1, 4.2& 4.3.
Table 4.3: Resultant Concentrations Due To Incremental GLC's
Description Concentration µg/m3
PM SO2
Maximum rise in GLC During season 1.48 0.84
During off-season Minor 1.24
Direction of Occurrence and distance W (0.8 Km)* W (0.8 Km)*
Coordinates of maximum GLC 180 36’ 20”N
740 43’ 06” E
180 36’ 20”N
740 43’ 06” E
Baseline Concentration reported nearby GLC
(at 0.5 km NW)
53.02
(Patethan)
19.91
(Patethan)
Total Concentration (Post project scenario) 54.50 21.15
NAAQS PM10 100 80
*The distance is measured from stack to the receptor of maximum GLC
* The baseline concentration (98th percentile) recorded at station Patethan at 0.4 km, is the nearest to the incremental GLC site
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-12
a. Observation
The results of mathematical modeling of air pollutant dispersion (for particulate matter and
SO2) indicate that incremental concentration at ground level of these pollutants will be within
the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for residential & rural areas. Other
major observations of dispersion modeling study are as follows.
Maximum increase in the concentration of PM will be 1.48g/m3 and SOx by
1.24g/m3towards west at approx.0.8 km distance from stack; This area is
predominantly occupied by agricultural vegetation
Nearest residential area is village Patethan towards NW at ~2 km from site
From the results derived from the mathematical modeling study, it is observed that
resultant concentration of these air pollutants in downwind direction will be well within
the national ambient air quality standards prescribed by CPCB in Nov. 2009.
4.3.3 Other sources of air pollution
Processes: Fermentation process produces carbon dioxide (CO2). It is anticipated that, 42 TPD
of CO2 will get produced from the distillery unit (@ 55 KLPD capacity). This CO2, will be of
biological origin, i.e. liberated from an agro-based waste material. Hence, it is assumed to be
neutral for GHG and therefore a minor source. In addition to this, composting process for the
disposal of spentwash and ETP process will produce CO2 and methane. Therefore, these
processes will be carried out in aerobic conditions to maximum extent. This will help in
reducing generation of methane and CO2.
Biomethanation process of spent wash disposal will produce, methane along with carbon
dioxide. This methane (biogas) will used as a fuel for boiler. Sulphitation process generates
sulfur dioxide in minor quantities.
Fugitive dust/particulate matter: Fugitive sources will be mainly, from vehicular movement and
bagasse storage. Bagasse will be transported to boiler through closed conveyers, hence fugitive
dust will be negligible. Bagasse will be utilized immediately and thus minimum stock will be
maintained. Towards end of the crushing season, all bagasse will be properly bailed and
stacked.
Odor is anticipated mainly due to storage of spentwash and partly from composting activity
Preventive, control and mitigation measures
Use of bagasse and biogas as a fuel which is renewable energy sources
Increasing green belt by 2.5 acres around the process unit
Methane produced from biodigester will be used as a fuel; flare unit is an alternate
arrangement when it will not be used as a fuel; in any case, methane will not be released
directly into the atmosphere
Fermenters will be closed
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-13
Composting will be done aerobically using turning machines
Ash slurry as well as bottom ash will be used to mix in compost since bagasse ash is rich
in potash or will sold to bricks manufacturer
4.3.4 Impact assessment
Air quality: Air dispersion modeling study shows that, there PM concentration will increase by
1.48g/m3 and SO2 concentration by 1.24g/m3 near the project site. The resultant ground
level concentration (after adding incremental load) anticipated to be within NAAQS. Minor
negative impact is anticipated due to stack gas emissions and transportation activities of the
proposed project.
Ecology and biodiversity: Minor negative impact is anticipated on avi-fauna due to stack gas
temperature (approx 90oC), and on flora/plants in close vicinity of the project due to dust
(particulate matter).
Human health: Probability of respiratory or similar disease due to proposed increase in air
pollutant is very rare, unless the person/s get exposed, beyond TLV.
Manmade environment: Dispersion modeling study indicates that pollutant levels will be within
NAAQS during operation phase of the project. Thus, impact on manmade environment is
presumed to be negligible.
4.3.5 Noise
The principle sources of noise are boiler, STG and machinery (mainly motors and pumps).
Additionally, handling of bagasse is also considered as a noise source. Noise generated in the
boiler and STG section will be localized & confined because it will be under shed/covered area.
Thus, generated noise will be localized. Control measures to maintain noise level within the
standard limit (of 75dB (A) for day time and 70 dB(A) for night time) are as follows.
The rotating equipment to be maintained by periodical oiling and/or greasing
Installing machines and equipment of standard make as well as using spare parts of
standard make (complying with IS or other international standard)
DG set from a manufacturer that meets CPCB’s criteria for noise
Developing greenbelt or barriers to reduce noise levels
The project involves transportation of raw material (sugar cane) finished products (Sugar and
alcohol) and to some extent press mud, which is likely to increase daily vehicle density by 30-
40% in the existing load. It was observed that, during peak period, the vehicle density on main
road i.e. is around 450 vehicles per day. This road connects to Pune- Hyderabad national
highway on one side and Pune-Aurangabad state highway on the other side. Therefore, this
minor increase will easily get accommodated. Thus, this additional load of transportation will
not cause any traffic congestion. Considering this, it is anticipated that the project will cause
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-14
minor negative impact due to noise, particularly during bulk transportation of products along
the transport routes and in the work premises.
4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT
4.4.1. Preventive, control and mitigation measures
Spentwash of 440 m3/day (8 L/L of alcohol) will first treated in bio-digester to produce biogas
from this organic rich wastewater followed by this it will be sent to multi effect evaporation unit
to reduce its volume from 440m3 to 88 m3. Then it will be sent to bio-composting process where
it will be mixed with pressmud (a solid waste from sugar mill) to produce compost; thus
achieving ‘zero liquid discharge’ for this highly polluted entity. Spentwash storage lagoons and
the compost yard will be constructed as per CREP guidelines (Refer figure 2.11 to 2.14 of
chapter II pp. 2.37 to 2.39)
CPU Treatment as per following: About 350 m3/ day of condensate will generated from MEE
unit. The condensate will be cooling through sprinkling in 150 M3 capacity tank. Followed by
enzymatic reaction. Treated condensate will be utilized for cooling tower makeup and molasses
dilution.
4.4.1.1 Reuse of water (after proper treatment)
Wastewater due to cleaning and washing, spentlees and condensate water will be treated in
CPU. This unit will comprised of cooling followed by enzymatic reaction. Treated water of 352
m3 per day will be used for dilution of molasses, cooling tower make up, irrigation, or cleaning
activities, etc.
4.4.1.2 Recycle of water: Blow down water from boiler and cooling tower will be cooled in
ponds and recycled thereafter.
4.4.1.3 Conservation of water: Rainwater harvesting practice is accepted by industry to
improve the ground water aquifer and partly fulfill the requirement during startup of industry.
4.4.2 Impact assessment
Water availability: Permission is available with the factory to draw water from Bhima river. This
water is reserved for industrial activities. Hence, no negative impact on demand of other users
in normal situation. Further, reuse and recycle of water will save significant amount of
freshwater intake.
Water/aquatic environment: No negative impact is envisaged on water environment as well as
aquatic ecosystems of the surrounding area due to achieving ‘zero liquid discharge’ for distillery
unit as well as for sugar unit (by use of ETP treated water for own agricultural plots and
gardening). Negative impact is envisaged in case of accidental leakages and spillages of
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-15
spentwash. In such circumstances, severity of impact depends upon nature and magnitude of
the accident.
Air environment: minor negative impact due to odour of spentwash and due to generation of
methane and CO2 from composting process
Soil Environment: Due to impervious lagoon and compost yard, probability of soil
pollution/ground water contamination due to percolation of spentwash is negligible. Hence, no
negative impact is anticipated. The compost prepared from spentwash, pressmud and solid
waste filler material will help to recycle soil nutrients, thus positive impact is anticipated.
Sugar mill effluent will also be treated properly in ETP and reused mainly for irrigating own
agricultural plots and watering the greenbelt. All effluents will be transferred through proper
drainages or impervious pipelines. Therefore, probability of soil contamination due to
effluent/wastewater from the project is negligible.
Ecology and biodiversity: No negative impact is anticipated, composting process usually attracts
avi fauna due to availability of micro-organisms as a food, thus increase in bird diversity is
anticipated from composting process for spentwash disposal.
4.5 SOIL ENVIRONMENT
Table 4.4: Solid Waste and its Management
# Waste Quantity (tons per season)
Treatment Disposal Remark
1. Sugar ETP Sludge 35 Disposal into land/soil
Sold to the member farmers/or used on own plot
Organic
2. Ash
3,927 Mixed with bio-compost Disposal into land/soil
Used as manure/soil enriching material
Inorganic
3 PMC 43,200 Composting Soil conditioner Organic
4. Oil & Grease 4-5 KL Remove by oil skimmer
Use for boiler -
Distillery Unit
1. Yeast Sludge 50 Composting Used as manure/soil enriching material
Organic
2. Boiler Ash (off season of sugar)
157 --- Sold to the brick manufacturing unit
Inorganic
3. Sludge from bio-digestors,
70-80 Mixed with bio-compost
4. Distillery CPU 20 Composting Used as manure/soil Organic
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-16
Sludge enriching material
5. Spent oil from DG set
0.1-0.2 KL - Spent oil will be burnt in boiler
-
4.5.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures
Press mud cake (filter cake) generated in the sugar unit will be used in the composting process
of distillery, hence it is not considered as a waste but a by-product. Therefore, main solid waste
from the project will be ash generated due to burning of bagasse, sludge from fermentation unit,
biodigester, ETP/CPU. Of these material, ash from bagasse is usually rich in potash and hence, it
will be mixed with compost for disposal. Sludge generated from various above mentioned units
will be organic in nature and therefore, it will also mixed with compost for safe disposal.
Packaging material and similar type of waste will be given to recyclers, according to its nature.
Such material will not be burnt in open or disposed off anywhere on land.
4.5.1.1 Hazardous Waste
The only hazardous waste likely to be generated in the project will be the scrap oil from DG set.
However, the DG set will be used only in case of total power failure i.e. captive as well as failure
of power supply from Electricity board. Thus, the quantity of used or scrap oil is assumed to be
very minor. This waste oil can be disposed off safely by giving it to authorized hazardous waste
oil dealer. Alternatively, it can be used as a fuel for the boiler along with bagasse during startup
phase.
4.5.2 Impact Assessment
Soil Environment: no negative impact is envisaged on soil due to solid waste. Bio-compost
produced from spentwash-pressmud and mixing of degradable solid waste will have positive
impact on soil. Organic carbon and soil nutrients will get recycled by the process.
Ecology and Biodiversity:No negative impact envisaged due to safe disposal of solid waste;
enhancement in micro-flora due to compost is anticipated.
Water environment:No negative impact envisaged due to safe disposal of solid waste.
4.6 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY
Generally, an impact of industrial activity on ecology and biodiversity is observed due to
following major reasons.
Tree cutting/ removal of vegetation
Habitat destruction/disturbance
Disturbance to wild life and threat to rare, endangered flora and/or fauna
Pollution
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-17
In case of proposed project, no tree cutting or habitat destruction is involved. There is no
national park or sanctuary or biosphere reserve in 10km as well as 25km radius of the site.
Rare, endangered species of plants or animals are not recorded from the region.
In the following part, likely impact or cause of impact is discussed considering the site specific
conditions and facts.
1. Impact on terrestrial ecosystem
a. Habitat alteration
Proposed project is dependent upon agriculture for raw material i.e. sugar cane. Molasses,
bagasse and pressmudare by-products of sugar mill which directly depends on cane availability.
With reference to Table 2.1 and 2.2 (Chapter II)it is observed that in normal rainfall situation,
adequate amount of cane is available to sugar mill. The management of SMSKL is encouraging
local farmers to increase yield and thus, achieve sustainable cane availability. Therefore, there is
no need of converting other land (pasture, grassland, fallow, etc.) into agricultural land. The
only possibility is that, the area under cane may get increased or decreased depending upon the
rainfall and water availability through irrigation schemes. Thus, issue of wild habitat alteration
is envisaged to be insignificant.
Proposed project involves installation of few types of machinery in sugar and distillery unit as
well as modify the ancillary setup as per the requirement. This will be done on an open land
available within the existing sugar factory premises. Thus, habitat alteration is also anticipated
to be negligible and its impact on the ecosystem at site and surrounding will be insignificant.
b. Habitat disturbance
i) Transportation- Wildlife as such is very limited and it comprised of common species which
are usually observed in the vicinity of residential area(Refer annexure for details of flora and
fauna). Traffic density in this area is also very limited.Thus, minor negative impact is envisaged
in the form of disturbance due to increase in the transportation (and noise associated with it).
This impact will be localized. It will be comparatively high during cane crushing season.
ii) Odour- Odour is anticipated mainly from spentwash storage. Spentwash is having sweet
odour, which is not obnoxious or repellent as such. This odour may be sensed in roughly 4-5 km
radius. Village and population density in this area is limited and hence, disturbance due to
odour is envisaged to be minor.
Preventive measure: Use only existing road network. Don’t construct any new road/s. This will
help in preventing ecological disturbances in the area.
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-18
2. Impact on aquatic environment
a. Due to water drawl-SMSKL has permission of Irrigation Department to lift the water
from Bhima river.Due to recycling of water and use of ETP/CPU treated water, fresh water
requirement of the proposed project will be reduced to maximum possible extent. Thus, existing
permission is adequate to fulfill the requirements of proposed project. It will not draw any
additional fresh water from any other source/s. Therefore, negative impact on aquatic and
terrestrial fauna due to water drawal by the project is envisaged to be insignificant.
b. Due to discharge of pollutants-Generally, air, water pollutants and solid waste are the
major causes of ecosystem degradation and/or disturbance due to an industry. In case of air
pollution, fly ash gets released through stack gases is likely to get settled mainly in 2-3km radius
area and this may cause adverse impact on flora. In this case, the air dispersion modeling study
reveals that the ground level concentration of PM (during operation phase) in ambient air will
remain within the NAAQ standard limits(Refer fig. 4.1-4.3 and table 4.3).Dispersion modeling
study concludes that the maximum increase in particulate matter after proposed expansion will
be of 1.48µg/m3. This increase is very negligible. The factory maintains its air pollution control
system regularly. Therefore, there were no complaints from farmers of the neighboring areas
for falling of ash. Hence, this micro increase in the concentration of suspended particles is
envisaged to have no negative impact on the health of human, vegetation as well as animals.
In the existing distillery unit, spentwash - highly polluted wastewater - is treated by
biomethanation followed by multi-effect evaporation process and finally disposed-off through
composting process. Other wastewater from distillery such as spentlees and condensate are
treated in existing ETP/CPU. Treated water is reused in the process or cooling purpose to
maximum extent and remaining water is used for greenbelt. Treatment facility will be modified
suitably for the proposed expansion. Similarly, in case of sugar unit, effluent generated is mild in
nature as compared to distillery. This effluent is gets treated in the sugar ETP. Treated water as
well as spray pond overflow are used for irrigation purpose (own plots). Considering these
existing practices, wastewater will not be released into any of the ground or surface water
bodies. Hence, it is envisaged that, air and water pollutants from the proposed project will have
no negative impact on surrounding ecosystem.
The wastewater generated will be treated and recycled/reused for greenbelt, which is
anticipated as positive impact for the conservation of resource as well as efficient utilization of
it. Solid waste generated in the project i.e. bagasse ash, sludge from ETP, fermentation unit and
biodigester are organic in nature and ash is rich in potash. It will be mixed with biocompost and
added to soil. Thus, nutrients will get recycled and soil enrichment will take place. This is
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-19
anticipated as another positive impact on the land and surrounding eco-system. Large numbers
of microorganisms, worms and insects gets developed during composting process. These
elements attract birds and reptiles. Thus food chain/web gets strengthen due to the process,
which will be another positive impact.
The factory has developed greenbelt for existing unit and thus, biodiversity is established in the
premises. This greenbelt will be enhanced by 2.5 acres in proposed expansion project. Thus, it
will provide food and shelter to many faunal elements. It will also help in improving the
aesthetics. This is another positive impact anticipated due to the project.
3. Impact Due to Project Lighting
The project is expansion of existing sugar and distillery units. These units are operated under a
covered area similar to workshop. Therefore, lighting arrangements are simple and light
penetration is mainly confined to industrial premises. The road lights and lighting near
ancillary units is mainly to avoid accidents but it is normal and not glaring or intense. There are
plenty of open spaces and tree barriers in the surrounding. These precautions will help in
reducing adverse impact.
In the study area, wildlife is very limited. According to local villagers, there is no sighting of apex
carnivores such as leopard, hyena, fox, jackal, etc. Amongst herbivores domestic animals and
wild hares are common. Presence of deer and antelope family members is not reported in the
study zone. It is envisaged that the light arrangements of the proposed project will have minor
impact on the movements of nocturnal animals as well as on plants in the close vicinity of the
project.
Overall Preventive, control and mitigation measures
Greenbelt development
Adherence to zero liquid discharge and safe disposal of solid waste
Adequate measures to prevent, control and mitigate air, noise pollution
Impact Assessment
Minor negative impact is anticipated from following activities.
Due to particulate matter emissions from stack and vehicles, impact on flora in the close
vicinity of the site and along the transportation route
due to thermal pollution from flue gases, localized impact on avian fauna
Positive impact is anticipated from following activities.
Increase in the greenbelt - helpful to maintain and enhance the biodiversity
Composting process, for enhancing soil micro flora as well as supporting food chain
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-20
4.7 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The proposed project is going to be beneficial in following ways
The project is agro-based.Sugar cane is cultivated and supplied to the mill by approx.
3,500-4,000 farmers; these families will be directly benefitted due to the project.
These farmers will get more value per ton of cane, which is a direct monetary benefit.
Approximately1200-1500 laborers involved in cane cultivation, will be indirectly
benefitted through the project.
These farmers will receive the bio-compost produced in the distillery at concessional
rate.
The project is going to generate about 164 direct employments for skilled and semi-
skilled workforce available locally.
The proposed project will preferably employ local labor for various works during
construction as well as operational phase. It is expected that about 40-50 labour will
be get employment during construction phase and nearly 100 labour will get
contractual/seasonal employment in the sugar and distillery (after expansion) during
operational stages.
These employees as well as cane harvesting labour receive insurance cover for medi-
claim and accident
Thus, roughly 6,000 families will be directly benefited due to the proposed project
By utilizing the available resource i.e. land, water, molasses and bagasse, the sugar
factory will generate additional revenue.
Proposed project will help to improve financial stability for the factory, which will be a
‘win-win’ situation for both, local cane growers as well as the management
As a policy the factory will preferentially select local candidates for permanent
employment. Therefore, it is anticipated that number of persons likely to migrate to
this place will be very limited. Available infrastructure is adequate to accommodate
this minor increase in the population due to the project. Thus, it is presumed that local
existing infrastructure and natural resources won’t be under stress due to such
increase in population.
The factory has made adequate provision of land for the proposed project. The site is
within the existing factory premises, no rehabilitation or restoration issues involved.
Since establishment of the sugar mill and distillery, there is a tremendous
improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the locals. Major activities
implemented by factory are mentioned in chapter III. According to which the mill has
paid more attention on developmental activities that directly beneficial to all farmers
and sustainable agriculture in the area. The mill has shown equal seriousness in
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-21
careful utilization of available water resource. All these activities indicates factory’s
commitment for social and economic sustainable development of the region.
Considering the long term benefits to the locals and no issues of rehabilitation or restoration
involved with the project, it is anticipated that project will have immense positive impact on
socio-economic environment of the region.
4.8 IMPACT ON PHYSIOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND HYDRO-GEOLOGY (DRAINAGE)
The land is already under the possession of the sugar mill. As mentioned earlier, no draining is
passing through existing or proposed site. Therefore, construction will take place without
disturbing or altering any natural drainage. Proper storm water drainage system is in place and
the same will be extended for the proposed expansion. Hence, the project will not contribute for
water logging or flooding in rainy season.
The project doesn’t involve any blasting or deep excavation work or mining of any minerals.
Therefore, it is envisaged to have practically no negative impact on geology of the region. Minor
negative impact is envisaged due to change in physiography of the site.
4.9 OTHER IMPACT: TRAFFIC
During operation phase, the transportation activity is likely to get increased. However,
availability of adequate and proper road infrastructure in the area, this increase is anticipated to
have any impact leading to long term traffic congestion. Details of peak hours traffic at project
site is explained in Table 3.21 of Chapter III.
4.10 SUMMARY
Minor negative impact on air environment and ecosystem of the surrounding region is
envisaged due to the proposed activity. Also, negligible impact on physiography of the site is
envisaged.
At the same time, the major positive impact of the project is generation of employment and
social development in this region. Ethanol (fuel alcohol) is important for nation to reduce
import of crude oil. Important negative as well as beneficial impacts of the project are
summarized in Table 4.5.
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-22
Table 4.5: Summary of Impact Assessment and Environment management plan proposed for the respective aspect
Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legislative concern (Y/N)
Concern of interested parties (Y/N)
Business opportunity (Y/N)
Significance Assessment
X Y Z F Total#
Burning of fuel – bagasse and biogas – for generate process steam
Air pollution: Contamination of ambient air due to emission of Particulate matter (PM), SOx and NOx through stack
Normal (in a situation when APC system works properly)
Levels of PM, SOx and NOx anticipated to increase marginally but will be within NAAQS – minor impact on workers health if continuously get exposed to PM
Workers, villagers, agricultural and wild vegetation, domestic and wild animals
Yes No No 2 2 4 5 80
Abnormal
Level of PM anticipated to be high – moderate impact on human health till the situation returns to normal; significant impact on plants; minor impact on terrestrial fauna
Workers, villagers, agricultural and wild vegetation, domestic and wild animals
Yes No No 4 4 2 3 96
Emergency
Level of PM anticipated to be
Workers, villagers,
Yes Yes No 5 5 2 2 100
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-23
Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legislative concern (Y/N)
Concern of interested parties (Y/N)
Business opportunity (Y/N)
Significance Assessment
X Y Z F Total#
very high Significant impact on human health as well as plant (particularly crops)
agricultural and wild vegetation, domestic and wild animals
Handling of bagasseand ash
Air pollution: increase in particulate matter due to fugitive emissions
Normal Levels of PM anticipated to increase, mainly at workplace
Workers within premises
Yes No No 3 2 4 5 120
Vehicular emissions
Air pollution: Due to vehicular emissions mainly of Particulate matter (PM), NOx, HC
Normal Increase in air pollution due to increase in the vehicle number plying on the roads
Residents along the roads, workers within the factory premises, and vegetation along the road
Yes Yes Yes 3 5 4 4 240
Pollution due to odour
Odour of spentwash from storage lagoons
Normal Nuisance -mainly disturbance
workers within the factory premises, villagers and
Yes Yes No 3 4 4 5 240
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-24
Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legislative concern (Y/N)
Concern of interested parties (Y/N)
Business opportunity (Y/N)
Significance Assessment
X Y Z F Total#
animals in the close vicinity
Operation of machineries and equipments for process
Noise and vibration: mainly noise generation due operationsof machinery
Normal Impact on health of workers due to continuous exposure to different levels of noise
Mainly workers of the factory
Yes No No 4 1 4 5 80
Transportation Noise and vibration– Mainly noise from vehicles
Normal Impact on health of workers and residents along the road due to exposure to noise
Mainly workers and the residents along the roads
Yes No No 3 5 4 4 240
Fresh water utilized for process
Fresh water availability for other users from the existing water source
Normal No impact envisaged as the water drawl will be from Bhima river- with permission
Villagers in the vicinity, domestic animals
Yes Yes No 2 5 3 3 90
Abnormal
Other users may get affected in water scarcity situation (drought condition)
Villagers in the vicinity and domestic animals
Yes Yes No 5 5 3 3 225
Wastewater/effluent generation
Water and soil
Normal No negative impact is
Waterbodies in the nearby
Yes Yes No 2 3 3 4 72
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-25
Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legislative concern (Y/N)
Concern of interested parties (Y/N)
Business opportunity (Y/N)
Significance Assessment
X Y Z F Total#
from various project activities, its handling, treatment and disposal
pollution: Contamination of surface or ground water, Contamination of soil
envisaged on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and soil health; as measuresin practice and proposed are adequate
areas, residents, domestic and wild animals
Emergency
Probability of contamination will be and impact on aquatic and/or ground water and/or terrestrial ecosystem would depend upon the degree of contamination
Villagers in the vicinity, domestic animals, water bodies in the vicinity
Yes Yes No 5 5 3 2 150
Construction of various units
change in land use
Normal Change in topography of the site,
Vegetation existing on the site, birds and animals, villagers in the vicinity
No No No 4 1 5 5 100
Solid waste generation from process
Water and soil pollution:
Normal In normal situation, no negative impact is
Waterbodies and soil in the nearby areas,
Yes No Yes 2 3 3 5 90
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-26
Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legislative concern (Y/N)
Concern of interested parties (Y/N)
Business opportunity (Y/N)
Significance Assessment
X Y Z F Total#
Contamination of surface water, Contamination of soil
envisaged on surrounding ecosystems; as measures practiced and proposed are adequate
residents, domestic and wild animals
Process and allied activities such as transportation, storage, treatment and disposal
Risk and Hazard
Emergency
Negative impact envisaged
Workers, villagers, vegetation at site and surroundings, wild fauna
Yes Yes No 5 3 2 3 60
Socio-economy
Normal Positive impact is envisaged due to employment generation, recycling of nutrients from waste
No Yes Yes 4 5 4 5 400
X= severity (very low (1), low (2), moderate (3), high (4), very high (5);
Y = area – coverage within premises (1), close vicinity outside premises (2), up to 3 from project boundary (3), 3-5km from project boundary (4),
and >5km from project boundary (5)
Chapter IV
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-27
Z = Duration (very short (1), short (2), medium(3), medium to long (4), prolong periods (5);
F = Frequency -remote(1), rare (2), intermittently (3), frequently (4), daily (5)
Highest score = 625; considerable impact score: >310 (considering 50% of highest score)
Chapter V
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 5-1
Chapter V
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 ALTERNATIVE SITE
The proposed project is expansion of sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and distillery unit from
30 to 55 KLPD. The mill already possesses adequate land i.e. 77 acres of which 7.5 acres is
allocated for the new set up as well as its ancillary units such as pollution control system,
greenbelt, etc. Considering this fact, the point of alternative site search becomes insignificant.
5.2 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The process of manufacturing sugar from sugarcane and alcohol from molasses is almost a set
process; there are no major alternative technologies available at present in this sector. Hence
alternative technology for manufacturing is not discussed.
5.3 EFFLUENT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The main area where alternative technologies are available is the effluent treatment. Sugar and
allied distillery industry is an agro based industry that generate effluent (wastewater) loaded
with organic matter. If this effluent discharged in the environment without any treatment or
insufficient treatment, it causes soil pollution as well as ground/surface water pollution. Since
this is an expansion project, the existing effluent treatment plant for sugar effluent will be
upgraded to make it suitable for the additional effluent generation hence alternatives for sugar
effluent treatment are not necessary.
The distillery effluent is presently treated by biomethantion followed by evaporation followed
composting. It is planned to use the same technology for additional spentwash generated. The
distillery has compost yard of 5 acres which is sufficient to treat the effluent generated. Hence,
discussion of alternative in this case is also not necessary
Chapter VI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-1
Chapter VI
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Environmental monitoring helps to create a baseline for the impact of industrial pollutants in
the air, land and water. Significant short and long-term impacts of industrial projects and the
effect they may have on a given area can be determined through regular sampling and analysis
of air, water & soil samples. Monitoring is important for the control of pollution since the
efficiency of control measure can only be determined by monitoring. The regular monitoring of
environmental parameters is essential to assess the status of environment during project
operations. Regular monitoring network will be implemented to maintain the environmental
quality within the standards. SMSKL already has a full-fledged laboratory and technical
manpower for this purpose. The same can be extended to the proposed expansion project since
all activities are within the existing premises.
6.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL
In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring of air,
water/wastewater, soil, noise etc. is essential. A separate Environment Management Cell
under the direct control of the Chairman and Managing Director will look after the effluent
treatment facility to monitor and control the environmental quality. The composition of the
environment management cell is given in Table 6.1. Members of the cell should be well
qualified and experienced in the concerned field. Presently, the environmental cell has 2
persons in the sugar mill and 2 persons in the distillery who look after the effluent treatment
plant/effluent treatment system and related issues. Some experienced people from the existing
staff as well as appointment of a few new people will be made to take care of the additional
burden expected due to the proposed expansion of both sugar and distillery units. Routine
tests of wastewater such as pH, solids, temperature, etc. will be carried out in the laboratory
of sugar mill. However, for additional tests of water, wastewater, soil, air etc. services of
MoEFCC approved or NABL accredited laboratories can be hired.
Chapter VI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-2
Table 6.1: Composition of Environment Management Cell
Particular Number
Chairman/Managing Director One
Chief Executive Officer One
Environment Officer Two
Environment Chemist One
Monitoring Staff One
ETP/biogas Lab Chemist Two
ETP Operators Six
Safety Officer One
Supporting Staff Two
Figure 6.1: Schematics of Environment Management Cell
Chairman & Managing Director
Chief Executive Officer
Process Manager Distillery Manager Work Manager General Manager
Environment Officer
Environment Chemist Monitoring Staff
ETP Lab Chemist
ETP Operators
Chapter VI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-3
6.2.1 Monitoring Plan
6.2.1.1 Water Environment
Water samples from bore well/s located towards downstream of compost yard should
be collected and analyzed periodically
Spentwash as well as compost samples should be analyzed periodically
Characteristics of inlet and outlet of ETP, should be collected and analyzed as mentioned
frequency in Table 6.2
Water Cess should be submitted to Pollution Control Board as per the schedule
Environment Statement Reports also to be filed as per the schedule prescribed by
Pollution Control Board
For some of the routine tests of wastewater such as pH, solids, temperature, etc. and for
additional tests of water, wastewater, soil, air etc. services of reputed laboratories
approved by NABL or MoEF&CC New Delhi - under EPA 1986, could be hired.
6.2.1.2 Air Environment
Stack monitoring, Ambient air monitoring to be done from NABL/MoEF&CC approved
laboratory as per CPCB guidelines
In addition, ambient air quality to be tested in upwind and down wind direction/near
max GLC once in a quarter
6.2.1.3 Noise Environment
Noise measurement should be done within factory premises and if required at location
such as nearby residential area, school, dispensary etc. as per the frequency mentioned
in Table 6.2
Noise should be monitored at free field at 10 m from the equipments whose noise level
are being determined
In case of noise levels causing disturbance to the sensitive receptors, control measures
should be followed as suggested in EMP
6.2.1.4 Soil Environment
Soil should be monitored at areas where treated water is used for irrigation as well as at
where compost applied for soil conditioning
Soil should be analyzed for parameters such as pH, alkalinity, organic carbon, available
N,P,K etc during the pre-monsoon and post monsoon season each as per standards for
agriculture
Control Measure: At location of increased pollution levels; source shall be identified and
shall be diverted from future disposal
Chapter VI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-4
6.2.1.5 Other Conditions
Table 6.2: Analysis of environmental parameters and its reporting schedule
# Particulars Parameter Frequency#
1. Stack Emissions Particulate matter, SO2 Monthly
2. Ambient Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx Monthly
3. Inlet and outlet of
polishing unit
pH, BOD, COD, SS, TDS, Oil &
Grease etc.
Monthly
4. Bore well /ground
water sample nearer to
compost yard
pH, COD, BOD, Total solids,
Chlorides, Sulphate, Phosphates,
and Calcium
Quarterly/Monthly
5. Noise monitoring Noise levels measurement at high
noise generating places as well as
sensitive receptors in the vicinity
Monthly
6. Analysis of ready bio-
compost
Moisture, Organic Carbon, and C:N
ratio, Nitrogen, Phosphorous,
Potassium, etc.
Each batch of compost
7. Occupational health Health and fitness checkup of
employees get exposed to various
hazards
All other staff (except above)
including contract and casual
labours
Quarterly
Once a year
# Follow the consent condition, if consent conditions are different from recommended frequency
Periodical analysis of raw and bio-methanated spentwash
Table 6.3: Suggested schedule for maintenance of wastewater treatment unit
# Part See (*) Frequency
1. Bearings See temperature Daily
Change grease Bi-monthly
2. Gland Change packing Bi-monthly/as required
3. Indicators Pressure gauge, vacuum gauge Tri-monthly
4. All type valves Change packing Six-monthly
5. Impellor Check all blades, sleeves,
bearing, impel nut check
Yearly, change if required
6. Electric motor Open side doors, blow dust,
check air gap
Monthly
7. Motor winding Blow off dust, test insulation Bi- Yearly
8. All hand carts, wheel
barrows
Grease wheels Monthly
Change rubber tyres Six-monthly if required
Chapter VI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-5
9. Gear box Oil level Check every week,
replenish tri-monthly
10. Scraper shoe Tighten nut bolts, change
broken-bent members, change
leather-rubber shoes
Tri-monthly
11. Central turn table See oil level Weekly
Check chain of sprocket, steel
balls, gear
Yearly
12. Aerator See oil and grease Weekly
Painting-coating blades Yearly
(*)As applicable to the unit
6.2.3 Flow Measurement
Water required for process, boiler, cooling, molasses dilution cleaning and domestic purpose
needs to be measured by installing flow meter at source. Quantity of sugar effluents, spentwash,
minor or moderately polluted effluents generated also need to be measured with the help of V-
notch or flow meter.
Table 6.4a: Format for Water Consumption Reporting Schedule- Sugar mill
# Particulars m3/hr m3/D m3/A
1. Boiler makeup
2. Injection channel / spray pond makeup
3. All water cooling system makeup
4. Body cleaning
5. Floor washing
6. Laboratory use
7. Sanitary Requirement
8. Domestic Use for Colony
Total
9. Water consumption per ton of sugar production
10. Power consumption for water lifting, KWH
11. Expenses for
Electricity (Rs.)
Water Cess (Rs.)
Water Bills (Rs.)
13. Expenses on water per ton of sugar
Chapter VI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-6
Table 6.4b: Format for Water Consumption Reporting Schedule- Distillery
# Particulars m3/hr m3/D m3/A
1. Dilution of Molasses
2. Distillation process, dilution for ENA
3. Cooling tower (CT) make-up for distillery
4. CT make-up for cooling spentwash for biogas plant
5. Boiler make-up
6. Floor washings sterilize
7. Sanitary Requirement
8. Domestic Use for Colony
Total
9. Water consumption per KL of alcohol production
10. Power consumption for water lifting, KWH
11. Expenses for
Electricity (Rs.)
Water Cess (Rs.)
Water Bills (Rs.)
13. Expenses on water per liter of alcohol
Table 6.5a: Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting Schedule- Sugar Mill
# Particulars Today (m3) To date (m3)
A. Liquid Waste
1. Effluent generation
2. Spray pond overflow
3. Process condensate
4. Any other
B. Solid Waste
5. Sludge from ETP
6. Ash
7. Any other
C. Hazardous Waste
8. Hazardous waste from process
9. Hazardous waste from ETP
10. Any other
Chapter VI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-7
Table 6.5b: Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting Schedule- Distillery
# Particulars Today (m3) To date (m3)
A. Liquid Waste
1. Spentwash generation
2. Spent lees generation
3. Process condensate
4. Any other
B. Solid Waste
4. Bio-methanated sludge
5. Sludge from CPU
6. Ash
7. Any other
C. Hazardous Waste
8. Hazardous waste from process
9. Hazardous waste from ETP
10. Any other
Table 6.6a: Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule- Sugar Mill
# Particulars Disposal method Today (m3) To date (m3)
A. Liquid Waste
1. Effluent
2. Spray pond overflow
3. Any other
B. Solid Waste
4. Sludge from ETP
5. Ash
C. Hazardous Waste
8. From process
9. From ETP
10. Any other
Chapter VI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-8
Table 6.6b: Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule
# Particulars Disposal method Today (m3) To date (m3)
A. Liquid Waste
1. Spentwash Disposal
2. Treated effluent from CPU
3. Any other
B. Solid Waste
4. Bio-methanated sludge
5. Sludge from CPU
6. Ash
7. Any other
C. Hazardous Waste
8. From process
9. From ETP
10. Any other
Table 6.7: Format for Biocompost Reporting Schedule
# Particulars Opening
balance
Received
today
Received to-
date
Consumption
/ Sale
Closing
balance
1. Spentwash
2. Press mud
3. Culture
4. Ash
5. Bio-sludge
6. Biocompost
7. Any other
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-1
Chapter VII
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
(SAFETY, RISK, DISASTER MANAGEMENT& PUBLIC HEARING)
7.1 SAFETY
Definition: Safety is the state of being “safe”, the condition of being protected against physical,
social, spiritual, financial, or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents,
harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable.
The factory is proposing the following safety policy, which indicates the sincere commitment of
the factory towards safety at work place.
We have an idea that human life is precious
We give priority to our production process as a safety, health and pollution free
environment
In our opinion, the accident is an avoidable event
We are always careful to avoid accidents
We are committed to covering the safety in the factory carefully
We have made adequate organization to carry out all the above responsibilities
7.1.1 Goals/Targets of Safety
Accident prevention
Accident control
Protection of human health/life
Protection of material and property
Protection of environment
All workmen as well as staff of the factory are committed to safe work environment and
hence they follow the basic principle of ‘safety first’.
The safety department of the factory is responsible for creating safe environment at workplace.
They are also responsible for creating and maintaining awareness on safety aspects at factory
premises. This is achieved by regular training programmes, display of posters and notices at
strategic locations, arranging documentary film shows related to safety, on job training, daily
safety round, recommendation for corrective action, etc. The Department has formulated safety
procedures and rules, depending upon the nature of work carried out at respective location.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-2
These procedures allow the safety personnel to periodically inspect equipments such as safety
guards, cranes, lifting tackles, etc. He also inspects the certificates of fitness of the equipment. In
addition to this, each year employees has been rewarded for best safety suggestion.
As a result of excellent housekeeping and safety practices, the factory could able to achieve, zero
fetal as well as near miss accidents for last five years and has not lost a single hour due to
accidents. However, the factory has well laid procedure for accidents, which is as follows.
7.1.2 Procedures in case of accident
According to the procedures, when an accident occurs at any place of the factory, respective
shift in-charge immediately fills the accident report form. In the next step, this form is sent
to respective Head of the Department who signs the form and submits it to Managing
Director (MD), who communicate it to the Government Authority/ies. MD also initiates the
process of investigation under the supervision of safety officer. Root cause of accident is
determined and suitable preventive/corrective action is drawn. MD approves the findings of
the investigations and corrective/preventive action plan is submitted to respective Head for
implementation.
Figure 7.1: Schematic of procedure in case of accident
Accident Shift in-charge
Head of the Department
Managing Director
Safety Officer
Government Authorities
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-3
7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Generally, risk associated with industrial processes can be defined as a measure of probability
of harmful event such as death, injury, loss, etc. arising from exposure to chemical or physical
agent may occur under the specific conditions of manufacture, use or disposal. Risk is a
mathematical product of hazard and exposure. This relationship can, be expressed in the
following simple formula.
Multiplying any number by zero results in a product of zero, which means that an extremely
hazardous substance can be present with little risk of adverse effect, if handled safely under
proper conditions then the ‘exposure’ component of the risk equation is driven towards zero.
Similarly, the hazard component can be reduced to zero even if there is a high probability of
exposure, by changing the process design, substituting less hazardous commodity, using a lesser
amount of a chemical, etc. and the recognition of vulnerability as a key element in the risk
equation has also been accompanied by a growing interest in linking the positive capacities of
people to cope, withstand and recover from the impact of hazards. It conveys a sense of the
potential for managerial and operational capabilities to reduce the extent of hazards and the
degree of vulnerability, which derives the total equation of risk towards zero.
Risk assessment is concerned with determining those factors which are especially dangerous
and determining the likelihood of unacceptable toxic exposure. Risk should be assessed against
defined limits of exposure, established on the basis of tests under appropriate conditions. Risk
Management – a decision - making process to select the optimal steps for reducing a risk to an
acceptable level. In the industrial context, it consists of 3 steps: risk assessment (evaluation),
emission and exposure control, and risk monitoring.
Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-4
7.2.1 Hazard Identification
7.2.1.1 Broad Categories of Hazard
To help with the process of identifying hazards it is useful to categorize hazards in different
ways like by topic, for example:
a. Mechanical
b. Electrical
c. Thermal
d. Noise and vibration
e. Material/Substances
f. Fire and explosion
a. Mechanical Hazard
It mainly involves properties of machine parts or work pieces, such as:
a. Faulty design (Shape): It may cause injury to workman
b. Relative location: Confined location during repairs & maintenance
c. Mass and stability: May cause physical injury
d. Inadequacy of mechanical strength
e. Accumulation of energy inside the equipment: steam/ air /water pressure cause injury
to workman
f. During commissioning, operation and maintenance following hazards are anticipated.
Crushing hazard, shearing hazard, cutting or severing hazard, entangling hazard, friction
or abrasion hazard and high pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard.
b. Electrical Hazard
Probable incidences for electrical hazards, could be
a. Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact),
b. Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect
contact)
c. Approach to live parts under high voltage
d. Electrostatic phenomena
e. Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection of molten particles and
chemical
f. Effect of short circuits, overloads, etc identified during construction, production and
maintenance.
c. Thermal Hazard
Probable causes of thermal hazards are -
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-5
a. Burns, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of persons with objects or
materials with an extremely high or low temperature, by flames or explosions and also
by radiation of heat sources
b. Damage to health by hot or cold working environment
c. Thermodynamic hazard such as overpressure, under pressure, over-temperature,
under-temperature need to be avoided by providing system management
d. Hazard generated by noise & vibration
In the proposed project, probable source of noise are – boilers, steam turbine generators and
transportation of bagasse on conveyer belts, motors, loading of bagasse, etc. Usually prolong
exposure to high noise level, results into
1. hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorder (e.g., loss of balance, loss of
awareness)
2. Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc.
In the proposed project the hazard due to vibrations could be due to -
1. Use of hand-held machines resulting in a variety of neurological and vascular disorders
2. Whole body vibration, particularly when combined with poor postures
e. Hazards generated by materials/substances
1. Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids such as: anti rusting
chemicals, cleaning agents/acids/organic solvents gases, superheated steam through
leaks and bagasse dusts
2. Fire or explosion hazard—dry bagasse
3. Biological or microbiological (viral or bacterial) hazards: -Workplace exposure to dusts
from the processing of bagasse can cause the chronic lung condition pulmonary fibrosis.
During work activities following hazards could occur -
i. Slips/falls on the floor level
ii. Fall of persons from height
iii. Fall of tools, materials, etc. from height
iv. Inadequate headroom
v. Hazards associated with manual lifting/handling of tools, material, etc
vi. Hazards from plant and machinery associated with assembly, commissioning,
operation, maintenance, modification, repair and dismantling
vii. Vehicle hazards, covering both on-site transport and off-site travel by road
viii. Fire and explosion
ix. Violence to staff
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-6
x. Substances that may be inhaled
xi. Substances or agents that may damage the eye
xii. Substances that may cause harm by coming into contact with, or being absorbed
through the skin
xiii. Substances that may cause harm by being ingested (Entering the body via
mouth)
xiv. Harmful energies (for example, electricity, radiation, noise, vibration, etc.)
xv. Non-compliance of regulation
xvi. Inadequate thermal environment (for example too hot temperature)
xvii. Lighting levels
xviii. Inadequate guard rails or hand rails on stairs
xix. Subcontractors’ Activities
7.3 Probable Risk Factors (Associate with the Industry)
Following scenarios fall under maximum credible accident scenario
• Fire in fuel storage yard (bagasse yard)
• Fire and explosion at storage yard (molasses and alcohol storage tanks)
• Fire due to short circuits
• Injury to body and body parts (mechanical)
7.3.1 Fire in fuel storage yard
This is the most common accident known to occur in any plant, while storing and handling fuel.
Usually, such incident takes sufficient time to get widespread. Enough response time is available
for plant personnel to get away to safer distance. An elaborate fire hydrant network and
firefighting system comprising of trained crew and facilities will mitigate the risk of such
incidents. In addition, as per requirement fire alarm system and smoke detectors have been
installed (in the existing unit).
The storage area is most vulnerable for fire and includes storage tanks of alcohol and molasses.
This is the most common accident known to occur in any plant, while storing and handling fuel.
Since such incident takes sufficient time to spread, enough response time is available for plant
personnel to get away to safer distance. An elaborate fire hydrant network and firefighting
system including trained crew and facilities will be provided to mitigate the risk of such
incidents. In addition, as per requirement fire alarm system and smoke detectors will be
installed.
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-7
Table 7.1NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION) Rating
Chemical NFPA Ratings
Health Hazard Fire Reactivity
Ethanol 2 3 0
(Least-0, Slight-1, Moderate-2, High-3, Extreme-4)
Gas holder
Pressure in gas holder should be always more than 100 mm.wg. If pressure falls below
the biogas blower should be switched off and isolating valve in flare line should be
closed.
Moisture eliminator is provided at inlet & outlet of gas holder. These should be drained
at least once in a day to drain the water.Drain valve should be operated such that it is
closed tightly before gas can escape.
In case of maintenance of gas holder, on roof top should be opened and gas holder
should be properly purged before starting maintenance. Gas mask should be used for
entering the gas holder.
Continuous water supply to gas holder should be maintain for providing water seal.
Gas Handling System
Gas Blower is provided with flame proof motor, cable connection should be maintained
accordingly
Safety valve on blower discharge side should be properly adjusted to provide desired
gas
Moisture is likely to collect in the gas pipe line to Boiler. Drain points should be provided
at interval and drained at least once in a day. Precaution should be taken while
operating drain valve so that gas does not escape while draining water
Flame arresters provided in the gas line should be cleaned periodically so that gas
pressure at boiler end is maintained
At the time of lighting the burner, if burner does not light up within 15 to 20 sec. close
the shut off valve in gas line, and purge the furnace before trying to light up burner again
Do not light up burner from hot brick work.
7.3.2 Mechanical injury to body parts
In a plant, there are several places where workers are likely to be involved with accidents
resulting in injury to body parts. The places are workshop, during mechanical repair work in
different units, during construction work, road accidents due to vehicular movement, etc.
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-8
Workers exposed to mechanical accident-prone areas are using personal protective
equipment. The non-respiratory PPE includes tight rubber goggles, safety helmets,
welders hand shields and welding helmets, plastic face shields, ear plugs, ear muffs,
rubber aprons, rubber gloves, shoes with non-skid soles, gum boots, safety shoe with toe
protection. All safety and health codes prescribed by the BIS will be implemented.
Table 7.2: Hazardous areas in a molasses based distillery attached to sugar mill.
# Hazardous Area Likely Accident
1 Boiler Explosion
2 Turbine room Explosion
3 Electrical room Fire and electrocution
4 Bagasse yard Fire
5 Alcohol storage tank Fire
6 Biogas holding tank Fire
Figure 7.2: Bagasse yard with fire extinguishing system
7.3.3 Mitigation Measures for Fire Hazards
A. Storage
Alcohol (RS, ENA or AA) and molasses will be stored in leak-proof MS tanks, gauges
of MOC will be strictly as per IS or relevant standards
Storage area will be well ventilated with adequate spacing between units
Lightening arresting system
Provision of alcohol vapor condensation system
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-9
Strictly declared ‘No Smoking Zone’ and prohibition of use of any ignitable material
(e.g. even cell phones, etc.)
Electrical fittings of good quality that comply national or international standards
B. Firefighting system
The mill management is vigilant on the issues of safety of workers and plant. It has planned
following firefighting system for the proposed distillery unit
a. Guidelines ofOISD-STD-117 will be implemented
b. Lightening arresting system for the plant as well as storage
c. Alcohol vapors condensing system for storage tanks
d. The fixed water spray system will be provided on all tanks; fire water flow rate will be
calculated at a rate of 25 lpm/m2 as per OISD-STD-117
e. Fire water system will be designed for a minimum residual pressure of 7 kg/cm2(g) at
hydraulically remotest point in the installation considering single largest risk scenario
f. Water for the firefighting will be stored in easily accessible surface or underground
tanks of RCC/steel with minimum four hours aggregate rated capacity of pumps.There
will be one or two standby diesel engine driven pumps of the same type, capacity &
head as the main pumps will be provided; Jockey pump (one in number -AC motor
driven) for maintaining pressure
g. Hydrant system covering the entire plant including all important auxiliaries and
buildings is proposed. The system will be complete with piping, valves
instrumentation, hoses, nozzles and hydrants, valves etc.
h. High velocity water spray system near storage tanks
i. Portable extinguisher such as pressurized water type, carbon dioxide type and foam
type will be located at strategic locations throughout the plant
j. The diesel engines will be quick starting type with the help of push buttons located on
or near the pumps or located at a remote location.
k. Portable foam and/or water-cum-foam monitors will be provided for suppression of
pool fire in tank farm area.
l. Fire water pumps & storage will be located at 30 m (minimum) away from equipment
or where hydrocarbons are handled or stored.
m. Fire water pumps will be exclusively used for firefighting purpose only
n. Fire water mains, hydrant & monitor stand posts, risers of water spray system will be
painted with “Fire Red” paint as per IS: 5.
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-10
o. Hose boxes, water monitors and hydrant outlets will be painted with “Luminous
Yellow” paint as per IS: 5
p. Electric audible fire siren will be to the farthest distance in the installation and also in
the surrounding area up to 1 km from the periphery of the installation that will sound
differently with respect to shift alarm with continuous power supply
q. Communication system like Telephone, Public Address System, etc. to be provided in
non-hazardous areas of the installation
r. Concerned officer/employees will be trained to handle the firefighting system
7.3.4 Boiler Operations
1. Provision of adequate sets of Personnel protective equipment's
2. Pilot lights will be provided on electrical panel boards
3. Provision of hand operable firefighting cylinders at strategic locations
7.4 QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Table 7.3 Probability of occurrence of hazard
Probability Number Causes/ Incident
1 Very unlikely (e.g. once in 10 yrs)
2 Remote (e.g. once in 5 years)
3 Occasional (e.g. once in a year)
4 Probable (e.g. once in a month)
5 Frequent or more often
Table 7.4: Severity - Impact Intensity
1 Minor Failure results in minor system damage but does not cause injury to
personnel, allow any kind of exposure to operational or service personnel
or allow any release of chemicals into the environment
2 Major Failure results in a low level of exposure to personnel, or activates facility
alarm system
3 Critical Failure results in minor injury to personnel exposure to harmful chemicals
or radiation, or fire or a release of chemical to the environment
4 Catastrophic Failure results in major injury or death of personnel
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-11
Calculation of Risk assessment and mitigation measures
Risk = Probability x severity
If, there is a probability number of any particular cause/incident is 1 and its severity is minor
then,
Risk involved in the hazard is 1x1 = 1
Whereas,
If, there is a probability number of any particular cause/incident is 5 and its severity is
catastrophic then, Risk involved in the hazard is 5x4 = 20
Thus, the Risk of those hazards scoring 20 are defined and considered as ‘Non-acceptable Risk’.
Mitigation measures or operational control procedures required for such hazards identified is
given below in Table 7.5.
Table 7.5: Mitigation measures for identified hazards
# Hazard Probability Severity Mitigation Measure
Mechanical Hazard
1. Physical injury to
hand/legs, body
parts
during process
Frequent
Once per month
or more often
Minor
Use PPE/PPA
2. Burst of molasses
tank
Remote
Catastrophic
Layers of Protection
area (LOPA)
3. Boiler Explosion Remote Catastrophic Layers of Protection
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-12
# Hazard Probability Severity Mitigation Measure
area (LOPA)
4. Fingers nipping in
between moving
part. Eg. Belt
Probable
Once per year
Major
Fixed /Movable
Guards at probable
sites
5. Steam pipe leakages
Frequent
Once per month
or more often
Major
Proactive
Maintenance/PPE
6. Working on height
Impact /falling down
Probable
Once per year
Critical Work permit system
Life belts/Helmet
7. Water feeder pump
failure
Occasional
Once per 10
years
Critical
Alarming/communica
tion arrangements
Electrical Hazard
8. Contact of persons
with parts which
have become live
under faulty
conditions (indirect
contact)
Occasional
Once per 10
years
Major PPE/PPA/Permits
9. Approach to live
parts under high
voltage
Occasional
Once per 10
years
Catastrophic
Guards/
authorization
Enter Restriction
10. Electrostatic
phenomena
Remote
Major Earthling, avoid Dust
Explosion
11.
Thermal radiation or
other Short circuits,
overloads, etc.
Probable
Once per year
Major
PPE/Checking
/Inspection
Thermal Hazard
12.
Burns, scalds and
other injuries by
steam
Occasional
Once per 10
years
Major
Safe working
distance/PPA/protect
ive dress code
12.
Damage to health by
hot working
environment
Frequent
Once per month
or more often
Critical
Minimum exposure
Ventilation/Humidity
control
Hazard generated by Noise
13.
Belt movement,
Pump/Motor, Turbo
generator
Frequent Critical Confinement of
source,
Use Ear Muff/Plugs
Hazard generated by Vibration
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-13
# Hazard Probability Severity Mitigation Measure
14.
Whole body
vibration, during
working on feeder
platform
Remote
Major
Engineering solutions
Number of Accidents *Reportable* under the Factories Act,
1948(Including accidents to workers employed by
Contractors, Vendors, Transporters and Visitors)
Assessment Period
2016 2015 2014
1 Fatal000 Nil Nil Nil
2 Total Permanent Disability 000 Nil Nil Nil
3 Non-Fatal (Excluding item #5.2) 000 Nil Nil Nil
4 Weighted Accident Frequency Rate (WAFR)
[{10(Item #5.1 + 5.2)+ Item #5.3}] × 108
= Number of Total man-hours worked (as in item #3.2C)000
Nil Nil Nil
Hazard Warning Information for Ethyl Alcohol
SECTION I
Product Name Ethyl Alcohol
Synonyms Anhydrous Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol
Chemical Family Alcohol
Molecular Weight 46.07
Formula C2H5OH
Health Fire Reactive Other Degree of
Hazard
Colour Coding Other Codes
0 3 0 - 0 = Minimum
1 = Slight
2 = Moderate
3 = Serious
4 = severe
Health = Blue
Fire = Red
Reactivity =
Yellow
Other = White
Ox = Oxidizer
Acid = Acid
Alk = Alkaline
COR = Corrosive
W = No use water
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-14
SECTION II – INGREDIENTS
Composition Cas Rn. Nominal
Wt/Wt%
PEL/TLV Hazard
Ethyl Alcohol 64-17-5 100.0 1000 ppm Flammable/Nervous
System Depressant
PEL = Personal Exposure Limit
TLV = Threshold Limit Value
7.5 MITIGATION
7.5.1 Basic Design of The Sugar Unit
While designing the plant, ensure maximum plant load factors. The plant cycle should be
optimized to give the best efficiency. The success of the sugar & cogeneration plant depends on
this "basic design". Plant layout is a part of the basic design and is very important from the point
of view of operability and maintainability of the plant.
The plant and equipment should be so laid out that there is optimum routing of piping, cables
and conveyors. New boilers will be designed as per IS standard. Pilot lights will be provided on
electrical panel boards. SMSKL will provide hand operable firefighting cylinder at strategic
location viz. power house, control panel room, PRDS section etc.
7.5.2 Steam Generating System
Some fine tuning is required in the areas of excess air control and un-burnt carbon loss control.
Feed water quality control is an area needing attention and this is separately dealt in the
detailed project report (technical report).
7.5.3 Turbo Generator System
Problems in maintaining the steam purity in the boilers affect the turbine with deposits on the
blades. The major contaminant is silica that gets carried over as vapor as the operating pressure
of the boiler increases.
There could be some problems of vibration and failure of bearings. These could be due to-initial
problems in the lube oil system, and these could be resolved by having proper pre-
commissioning checks. Another problem observed usually in some industries is of exhaust hood
spray falling on the blades and causing vibration. This is mainly due to a misdirected spray
nozzle in the exhaust hood. Proper designing will resolve such problems.
7.5.4 Bagasse Handling
During the cane crushing season, the plant receives bagasse directly from the mill, and the
surplus bagasse is taken to the yard. The bagasse thus saved will be used for the off-season
operation of the cogeneration plant, or could be used to run the cogeneration plant on the
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-15
cleaning days or when the mill is not running due to some other reasons. Under such
circumstances, back feeding of the bagasse from the yard to the boiler has been provided.
7.5.5 Milling Section
Milling section, where the juice is extracted from the cane, is the most important section of
sugar mill. This is where the bagasse is prepared as a fuel, and the moisture in the bagasse
controlled to a value of around 50%. If there are problems with this section, the moisture
content in the bagasse could go high and the bagasse will not be prepared well for handling and
combustion. Other points related to milling section are the use of optimum imbibition’s and the
use of electric or hydraulic drives for the mills.
7.5.6 Controls & Instrumentation
Being the most important subject from the point of view of operation and maintenance of the
sugar &distillery plant, this subject deserves a lot of attention. Distributed Control System (DCS)
is the order of the day.
7.6 RISK MITIGATION MEASURES: FIRE HAZARD
In view of vulnerability to fire, effective measures have been considered to minimize fire hazard.
Fire protection is envisaged through hydrant and sprinkler system, designed as per the
recommendation of Tariff Advisory Committee of Insurance Association of India / Loss
Prevention Association of India. For detection and protection of the plant against fire hazard,
any one or a combination of the following systems will protect susceptible areas:
a. Hydrant system
b. High velocity spray system
c. Portable fire extinguishers
d. Fire alarm system
The existing firefighting system is as per National Code/standards (for Factories), the details of
which are as follows.
7.6.1 Fire Fighting System
While designing, the firefighting system, various vulnerable locations in the Unit, probable
causes & chances of occurrence of fire, its class etc. has been considered in-depth.
The sugar factory has developed an excellent set up for firefighting. It is having a dedicated fire
fighting vehicle and operating staff in all shifts.
7.6.1.1 Fire Extinguisher
7.6.1.2 Classification of Fire
Class (A): Fire involving combustible materials like wood, paper, cloth and bagasse etc.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-16
Class (B): Fire due to liquid materials like oil, diesel, petroleum products and all inflammables.
Class (C): Fires involving domestic and industrial gases like butane and propane etc.
Class (D): Metal fires, etc.
Class (E): Electrical fires due to short circuiting, etc.
The factory has installed fire extinguishers, in the entire premises. Each extinguisher is properly
numbered and placed at required location according to its type. These locations are painted
with yellow and white bands, for an easier identification. These extinguishers are checked
periodically and sent for refilling immediately after its expiry. In order to know which type of
cylinder to be used in respective fire, boards have been displayed at several locations in the
factory.
7.6.1.3 Use of Fire Fighting Equipment
Most of the workers have been trained with respect to nature and utility of firefighting
equipment, its type and class of fire for which it is to be used. They also perform mock drills to
handle disaster situation such as fire.
7.6.1.4 Fire Evacuation
The factory has provided multiple exits to main building for easy and fast evacuation in case of
emergency. These exists are properly displayed using glow signs. Fire doors have been provided
in the corridors of buildings. Contact numbers in case of emergency are displayed at various
locations. In case of fire, a control room has been provided at ground floor at safe locations.
Provision has been made for alternate power supply for pumps, lights and other emergency
machineries. As described earlier, a dedicated tank has been provided which is available around
the year. Fire alarm, fire extinguishers, hydrant and pumps are properly maintained. Pumps and
extinguishers are checked for desired pressure.
The entire factory premises have been declared as ‘No smoking zone’ and this is strictly
implemented. All lobbies, staircases and open spaces are kept free from scrapped material such
as packaging boxes, used files, waste papers, and broken furniture such as chairs, tables and
cupboards as well as similar fire catching material. Office buildings, work places, storage areas
as well as parking places have been designed thoughtfully, so as to use natural light and
ventilation to maximum extent. The factory follows best housekeeping practices to keep
workplace neat and clean.
7.6.1.5 Procedure For In Case Of Fire
In case of fire, an alarm is pressed that gives signal to all staff as well as workers. It is advised,
not to be panic in such situation and follow the procedure as laid down and for which they have
been trained. In brief, the procedure is as follows -
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-17
All the machineries located near fire place are shut downed immediately including EOT cranes.
The workers are suggested to vacate the area immediately. While vacating the area, it is advised
to walk and not to run (specially using staircases) and not to push each other. Vacate the
premises through safe exits which are away from fire and assemble at the place defined as
‘assembly point’.
7.6.1.6 Ventilation
Proper ventilation must be provided both in sugar and distillery unit. Since, adequate natural
ventilation is available at site, the mechanical ventilation is presumed to be minor or less
significant. However, if mechanical exhaust ventilation needs to be provided, it should be to the
order of 1 cfm/sq.ft. or floor area (0.3 m3/min.m2) by fans of adequate capacity having their
suction intake located near floor level to ensure a sweep of air across the entire area.
7.6.1.7 First Aid
A first aid center with adequate facilities should be provided at the site. It should be maintained
round the clock by trained personnel.
Important standards to be followed are -
1. Fire Protection
IS 2189: Standard for automatic fire detection and alarm system
IS 2190: Code of practice for selection and maintenance of first aid fire extinguishers
IS 3844: Code of practice for installation and maintenance of internal fire hydrants
and hose reels
IS 6382: Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system – fixed, design and installation
2. Occupational Health And Safety
IS 4489: Code of practice for occupational safety and health audit
3. Electrical Risk
Hazardous area classification based on IS 5572
Selection of electrical equipment for hazardous area based on IS 5571
Lightning protection system based on IS 2309
NFPA 70 B Recommended practice for electrical equipment maintenance
NFPA 70 E Standard for electrical safety in employee work places
4. Process Safety Management
Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP)
Failure Tree Analysis (FTA)
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-18
Event Tree Analysis (ETA)
Primary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
Risk Assessment with risk ranking technique
5. Electrical Risk Assessment
Review of Hazardous area classification
Lightning protection risk assessment
Identification and control of electro-static hazards
Review of electrical preventive maintenance system
Electrical risk assessment (Fire, shock, explosion) using semi-quantitative risk
ranking (SQRR) technique
6. Fire Risk Assessment
Identification and assessment of fire risks at receiving station/s, storage, transfer and
handling of materials such as raw material, fuel, finished products
Identification and control of ignition sources in areas where flammable materials are
stored/handled/transferred
Review of fire detection measures adopted in the plant and to suggest suitable
improvement measures
Review of various active (fire hydrant, sprinkler, portable fire extinguishers) and
passive fire protection requirements for all work places and suggest improvements as
necessary
Review of contractor safety awareness (firefighting, emergency communication,
knowledge of plant hazards and safety regulations) and to recommend suitable
improvement measures to enhance safety
Review of safety awareness and safety training requirements (training identification
and efficacy) of employees with respect to hazards
The consequences, likelihood and exposure of each hazard are arrived using a systematic
approach and will help to determine the relative importance of hazard and focus on significant
risks.
7.7 Other Measures
Other mitigation measures include:
Emergency shutdown system
Pumps of reliable quality will be installed
Lightening protecting system as per Indian Electricity Rules
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-19
Power cables, control cables, instrumentation cable, thermocouple extension wire will
be complying IEEE fire tests as defined in IEEE 422
Keeping safe distance between fuel storage area and main unit
Corrosion protection methods for pipelines
All locations where the above pipelines are close to traffic movement, protection like
crash guards should be provided
7.8 SAFETY ORGANIZATION
The organizational set-up to carry out the declared policy for Health, Safety & Environment
matters and in particular, the arrangements which have been made to implement the policy will
be as follows: -
The overall responsibility for Health, Safety & Environment will be that of a "Occupier”
The Works Manager will have the overall responsibility for the operations in the factory.
All the Department Heads will be responsible for implementation of this policy in their
respective areas of the operations. They will be accountable for the safety performance
in their area and due weightage will be given to this performance in their career
planning appraisal.
Safety Department will plan and administer the Safety Programme and Activities and
assist and advice on implementation of the Programme. The implementation will be
through Line Management.
Maintenance Department will be responsible for maintenance of machines and
equipment, inspection and testing of various equipment, guards, operation and
Maintenance of Effluent Treatment Plant and Pollution Control Equipment as
prescribed. Proper record of these activities will be maintained. Proper intenance
schedule will be drawn and strictly followed.
All employees have the responsibility and obligation to co-operate with Supervisors and
Managers to achieve the Safe and Healthy Working Environment, and to follow all Safety
Rules, Procedures, Systems and Practices including use of Safety Equipment and to take
reasonable care for the Safety and Health of themselves and their colleagues. These have
been enumerated in the Safety Manual of the Company.
In order to ensure that all Safety Rules, Procedures, Systems and Practicesincluding use
of Safety Equipment are followed. Regular Safety Audits either internally or through
external experts will be carried out.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-20
Communication between Management and Employees will be provided throughSafety
Committees which will assist in propagating Safety and motivatingEmployees to achieve
the objectives set-out in the Safety Policy.
Chief Security Officer/Fire Officer will be responsible for Inspection, Testing
andMaintenance of all Fire Extinguishing Appliances and Fire Hydrant
installationincluding record of such maintenance and for dealing with any fire
emergencies.He will also be responsible for organizing Fire Drills and Emergency"
Drillsparticularly for Security Personnel and selected persons from
MaintenanceDepartment.
The Doctor will be responsible forOccupational Health & Medical Checksof Employees
and remedial measures, as required statutorily and maintain up-to-date health record of
such employees.
The Purchase Department will consider the safety aspect while purchasing
plantmachine, equipment, material, etc. They will obtain and provide to the user
plant,Material Safety Data Sheets while purchasing any chemicals. While
procuringmaterial handling equipment, the Purchase Department will ensure that the
necessary certificates regarding safe working load, etc, are made available.
The Contractors will be responsible for all safety measures related to their
work.Contracting Departments will ensure compliance and supervision. It will
beobligatory on all Contractors and Visitors to follow the existing Plant Safety
Rules,Procedures, Systemsand Practices. They must start their work only afterreceiving
proper instructions and permission.
7.9 ON - SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
7.9.1 Introduction
A major emergency in a work place is one, which has the potential to cause serious injury and or
loss of life. In addition it may cause extensive damage to property and environment. The rapid
growth in the use of hazardous chemicals in industry and trade has brought about a very
significant increase in the number of people, both workers and members of general public,
whose life could be endangered at any one time by an accident involving these chemicals. In
addition, it causes serious disruption of activities both inside and outside the works. It would
normally require the assistance of outside emergency services to handle it effectively. Although
emergency may be caused by a number of different factors like, earthquake, vehicles crash,
sabotage, it will normally be manifested itself in two basic forms, fire and explosions
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-21
Scope
Prevention of accidents is possible to a large extent through good design, correct operation,
periodic maintenance and routine inspection. Achieving all these will reduce the risk of an
accident, but it will not eliminate it altogether absolute safety is not achievable, and an essential
part of major hazard control, is concerned with mitigating the effects of a major accident. An
important element of mitigation is emergency planning, i.e. recognizing that accidents are
possible, assessing the consequences of such accidents and deciding on the emergency
procedures, both on- site and off-site, that would need to be implemented in the event of an
emergency.
7.9.2 Objectives
The overall objectives of an emergency plan are to
(1) Locate the emergency, if possible and eliminate it.
(2) Minimize the effects of the accident on the people and property.
Elimination: It requires prompt action by operators / works, emergency staff, e.g. firefighting
equipment, emergency shut off valves, water sprays. Minimizing the effects may include rescue,
first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and giving information promptly to people being nearby.
7.9.3 Identification And Assessment Of Hazards
• Fire & Explosion possibilities in Storage and Handling of fuel, Sugar Godown,
Molasses Tank, Bagasse yard and Sulphur Godown, and alcohol storage area
Statutory Requirement: Section 41-B (4) of the Factories Act 1948 stipulates that the occupier of
the Factory engaged in a hazardous process shall draw up an on—site emergency plan and
detailed disaster control measures for the factory and more known to the workers and the
general public in the vicinity. This includes the safe measures required to be taken in the event
of a major emergency taking place. Further an occupier of hazardous chemicals storage plant is
to prepare an emergency plan as per Rule 13 of the Manufacture, Storage and Import of
Hazardous Chemical Rules 1989. This plan shall incorporate the guidelines given by office of the
Chief Inspector of Factories, and to be revised every 6 months to keep it in the latest form.
7.9.4 Emergency Control Centre
Security Main Gate Office is chosen as the “EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE”. The emergency
control center is the place from where the operations related to emergency are coordinated.
The Emergency control center is suitably equipped to receive and transmit information and
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-22
directions from the incident site and furnish useful data to other affected areas inside & outside
works. The center shall contain the following information and facilities.
1) An updated copy of the ON—SITE EMERGENCY PLAN which gives the following information.
Master plan of the works showing different locations, where hazardous materials are
stored/ processed.
Sources of Personal Protection Equipment, portable fire extinguishers, and other safety
material.
Fire fighting system and sources of water. Mutual Aid system with other industries.
Plan of the works with safe distance areas, escape routes, assembly points.
Vicinity Plan of the area in which the industry is located.
List of key personnel and their telephone numbers.
List of Government officials, other areas of help — their telephone numbers
2) Updated Nominal roll of the employees and other visitors
3) Communication facilities like phones, mobile phones, walkie-talkie sets etc.
4) Standby power arrangements like— Generator –sets
7.9.5 Responsibilities of Works Manager
1. Prepare on—site emergency plan and revise it from time to time (once in 6 months)
2. Conduct regular mock drills
3. Educate / train all the employees regarding on-site emergency plan
4. Submit copy of “on—site emergency plan” and mock drill to Chairman / District Disaster Plan,
Deputy Chief Inspector of factories Office.
5. Stock necessary PPE for firefighting.
6. Device data collection forms for collecting data during emergency.
7.9.6 Emergency Siren
An emergency siren of minimum 500 Meter Capacity is installed for the purpose of alarming
employees on emergency. It is located near the Security Main Gate or Emergency Control Room.
The “CHIEF INCIDENT CONTROLLER” will decide the operating controls at appropriate time.
The following information is given for the identification of various signals of the siren to the
employees.
Sr. No. Type of Siren Duration
1 Factory shift siren continuous for 30 seconds
2 In case of fire Special Hooter Siren
3 Emergency Siren for other Emergency Special Hooter Siren repeating TWICE
4 All Clear siren Continuous Siren for three minutes
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-23
7.9.7 Wind Direction:
For the purpose of identifying the wind direction WINDSOCKS are installed at company. The
windsock is located on the roof of workshop. The WINDSOCKS bore distinct white & red stripes
to attract immediate attention.
All the employees and visitors are requested to note the wind direction at the time of major
incidents.
Recommended Practice During Emergencies
There is an Assembly point located at Security Main gate for the purpose of assembly of the
Non-Emergency employees and visitors in case of emergency. However, the KEY Emergency
personnel will give appropriate guidance as and when situation warrants.
7.9.8 Organization Chart for Dealing Emergencies
Note: Each team will have a list of emergency personnel for dealing with the Emergency in their
respective specialization
CHIEF INCIDENT CONTROLLER
Managing Director SITE INCIDENT CONTROLLER
Safety Officer
LIAISON TEAM
Manager Personnel SAFETY & ENGINEERING TEAM
Works Manager/Safety Officer
FIRST-AID TEAM
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
FIRE & SECURITY/TRANSPORT
Security Officer/Security Supervisors
FIRST INFORMER
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-24
7.9.9 First Information
Any person, who notices an abnormality like fuming, fire in shall phone to the security / inform
the security guard. He shall give his identity in case he contacts the security Main gate directly.
7.9.10 Brief Responsibilities
7.9.10.1 Chief Incident Controller
Declares emergency
Rushes to emergency control centre
Controls emergency by coordinating with site-incident controller
Communicates to external agencies through liaison team
Declares lifting of emergency
7.9.10.2 Site Incident Controller
Receives a call from security supervisor
After a brief visit to incident site, decides and advises chief incident controller to declare
emergency.
Controls the emergency by coordinating various activities through his teams '
Advises to chief incident controller lifting of emergency
Reviews and prepares a detailed report on the incident and submits to “Chief Incident
Controller”
7.9.10.3 Safety And Engineering Team
Device methods to isolate emergency and movement of people.
Provide necessary safety data to site controller
Provide required PPE.
Provide time to time information to site incident controller
7.9.10.4 First-Aid Team
Provide First-and /medical care to persons injured inside factory
Keep a lust of people sent for outside treatment and other welfare measures undertaken
Maintain the list of people inside premises and sent out including visitors
Provide time to time information to site incident controller
7.9.10.5 Fire Team, Security Team
Control the emergency by firefighting.Give a call tomutual aid if required.
Move people to safe areas specified by safety andengineering teams
Control the movement o‘ traffic at Gate
Provide time to tame information to siteincident controller
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-25
7.9.10.6 Liaison Team
Provide important information to external agencies
(Government Officials Press and Public) Take necessary guidelines from Chief Incident
Controller
7.10 RESPONSIBILITY IN DETAILS
7.10.1 Chief Incident Controller
He will decide and declare emergency on the advice of ‘Site Incident Controller’.
He will advise to raise the emergency Siren to draw the attention of employees and
contract workmen to follow emergency regulations
He will rush to emergency control center. (SECURITY MAINGATE)
He will decide calling off emergency on the advice of ‘siteincident controller’.
He will instruct to raise all clear siren to mark calling offemergency.
He will give guidelines to liaison team on sharing information togovernment officials**,
press and general public.
He will have Time to Time interaction with site incident controller on dealing of
emergency.
He will call a meeting of the Site incident controller andemergency teams to discuss and
decide steps to restore normal working in the area of incident. He will also discuss on
theincident report and decide remedies to be implemented to avoid its recurrence.
Instructions given by Site incident controller and respective teams.
**District collector, deputy. Directors of factories, Municipal commissioner, Police
commissioner, chief Officer Fire brigade.
7.10.2 Site Incident Controller
On receipt of information from security office, he will rush to the site of incident /
accident.
After assessing the situation, he will advice ‘Chief Incident Controller’ to declare
emergency.
Coordinate the activities of various teams.
Give time to time feedback to ‘Chief Incident Controller’.
Formulate systems to collect data during emergency.
Isolate and take non-emergency employees to assembly point (safe location) through
security team.
Cordon off the area through security team.
Regulate the traffic in main gate through security team.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-26
Keep the escape routes clear through security team.
Fight and control the emergency through fire team.
Discuss and decide measures to control / isolate appliances and power through safety
and engineering teams.
Review at regular intervals on the availability of required PPE, Medicine and water for
firefighting.
Record the directions given in specified formats.
Collect filled in formats from respective teams, prepare a detailed ‘incident report’ and
submit the report to Chief incident controller.
To draw plans and assist Chief incident controller to restore normal working conditions.
7.10.3 Safety Team & Engineering Team
Act as per the directive of ‘site controller’.
Check direction of wind and decide assembly points for non-emergency employees.
Check availability of water, fire extinguishers and make arrangements for replenishing
theme.
Discuss and execute isolation of equipment for localizing emergency i.e. combustibles
storage locations.
Shift/cordon off flammable materials from the danger zone.
Put off power supply wherever not required.
Provide necessary personal Protective equipment like firefighting suits, gas masks, hand
gloves, helmets, etc.
Keep a list of essential staff needed during emergency.
Record the activities in a specified format
7.10.4 Fire Team & Security Team
Inform site incident controller the incident and call him to site ofIncident
Act as per the directive of Site incident controller.
Rush fire—fighting team to site of incident and start fire-fightingoperation.
Rush security team to cordon off the incident site.
Move nonessential employees to assembly point.
Regulate the traffic at gates.
Keep the escape routes and roads free from obstruction.
Make transport facilities for transporting nonessential employees.
Keep list of essential staff needed during emergency
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-27
7.10.5 First-Aid Team
• Keep a detailed list of employees and contract workmen present in the premises for the
day. Make arrangements for head count.
• Offer first aid facilities to the injured and send to assembly point.
• Recommend hospital treatment to the injured and inform the hospital authorities in
advance.
• Keep enough stock of medical equipment, drugs, and antidotes.
• Give information to the families of the injured.
• Make ambulance facilities for the injured persons and transport facilities to non—
emergency persons.
• Inform government authorities and fulfill statutory regulations.
• Record the activities in a specified format.
• Act as per the instructions of site incident controller.
• Keep a list of essential staff required to assist during emergency.
7.10.6 Responsibility Of Non-Emergency Employees And Visitors
• On hearing the emergency siren stop the work, put off the equipment wait for the
instruction of shop in charge / supervisor
• Leave calmly to the specified assembly point.
• Don't block the emergency escape routes.
• Don't spread rumors/ unnecessary information to public.
7.10.7 Key Emergency Personnel: Respective group leaders of the teams in the ON—SITE
EMERGENCY organization chart.
7.11 OFF - SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
Since the only hazard that expected in the distillery is fire and normally contained within the
premises. In rare case if the fire hazard spreads out-side the premises respective group leaders
shall communicate to the District Magistrate, Commissioner of the Police, Control Room and
inform the situation as Off- Site Emergency. It shall be the responsibility of the Police Personnel
to look after the law and order, traffic control, evacuation of workers and other personnel. They
should also advise, through public address system, the localities that are likely to get affected
and the steps to be taken.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-28
Emergency Response Flow Chart
Major Spills
Yes
Major Spill Occurs
Initiate emergency
response action
Notify area
supervisor
Notify emergency
Coordinator
Notify employees
Evacuate hazard
area
Obtain emergency
medical assistance
Summon On-Site
Emergency Team
Can On-Site
Emergency Team
contain emergency
Summon off site
assistance
Notify appropriate
agencies
Verify identity of spilled material
Use appropriate
personal protective &
emergency equipment
Contain Spills
Determine quantity &
notify appropriate
agencies
Transfer to recovery
containers
Decontaminate spill
area
Label, store, dispose
of containers
Signal end of
emergency
Restock emergency
suppliers
Follow-up
notifications
Assess incident/
revise plans
No
Flammable
Remove sources
of ignition and
incompatibles
Corrosive
Use appropriate
personal protective &
emergency equipment
Contain Spills
Neutralize with
appropriate agent
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-29
Emergency Response Flow Chart
Major Fire
Fire Occurs Is there
large quantities of materials, or
difficulty in containment, or
a threat to the environment or
panic among employees
Evacuate Area
Shut Down Equipment
Are people injured?
Summon On-site Response Team
Can On-site response team contain fire?
Use correct protective equipment
Remove ignitable substance and those
could cause heat-induces explosion
Initiate fire fighting
Containerizes fire debris
Label, store, dispose of containers
File written report with appropriate
agencies
Assess incident and revise contingency
plan
Contact medical personnel
Summon off-site assistance
Minor fire
Flowchart
Was hazardous substance
involved?
Risk of fire spreading to
areas where hazardous
materials are located
Risk of generating toxic
fumes/or contaminated
runoff?
Hazardous material
response not required
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-30
Emergency Guidelines for teams
Emergency
Welfare Team Rescue/ evacuation team Engineering team Security fire team
Accompany injured to medical centre Establish communication with chief
coordinator emergency coordinators
Take instruction from chief controller Assist the site controller in carrying
out his duties
Assist the liaison /medical officer in
his duties
Cordon of the area with the help of
security team
Ensure safety of the remaining part
of the plant
Provide security coverage and
cordon off the emergency area
Continues communication with
emergency coordinators
Start search/ rescue operation Plant shut down on advice from the
emergency coordinators
Control and prevent the fire from
spreading
Give appropriate first-aid Ensure use of necessary personal
protective for search operation
Undertake any repair work on an
emergency basis
Identify fire and use appropriate fire
extinguisher
Inform hospital in advance so that
they are prepared
Ensure that emergency does not
escalate
Arrange to carry out civil work in the
course of emergency operation Transfer material to safer place
Direct injured to hospital Arrange to supply water under maximum
pressure for fire/emergency Arrange transport for victims
Miscellaneous duties regarding mechanical/
electrical/ electronic assistance
Direct the fire and rescue team
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-31
EMERGENCY GUIDE
EMERGENCY
Confirm the message
No Emergency
Chief Controller / Dy. Chief
Controller
Proceed to emergency control
center & remain there
Coordinate and communicate from
emergency control center
Chief Coordinator
Coordinate all the team actives under
instruction from chief controller
Evaluate safety and health hazard
Coordinate transport services
Liaison officer
Undertake instructions from
Chief Controller
Direct injured to hospitals
Arrange for hospital
accommodations, canteen etc.
Liaison with press, Govt. agencies,
neighboring factories
Disclose all necessary information
so as to avoid rumors & confusion
Arrange for safe and temporary
shelter in consultation with site
Controller & liaison officer
Emergency Coordinators Site controller
Message to chief Controller/ Dy.
Chief Controller
Confirm the message
Undertake all rescue operation
under instructions from Chief
Controller
Arrange assistance from production
& maintenance in the course of
emergency operation
Inform medical center
Miscellaneous duties regarding
mechanical/ electrical/ electronic
assistance
Coordinate with security personnel
&maintains law and order
Regulate & restrict entry & exit of persons
Take all possible steps to control
emergency
Call local brigade in consultation with chief
controller
Take command of fire/ security team &
arrange to supply water under maximum
pressure for fire/ emergency operation
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-32
PUBLIC HEARING
7.12 PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-34
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-35
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-36
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-37
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-38
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-39
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-40
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-41
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-42
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-43
Point-wise reply to the queries of Public hearing
1) Queries raised by The Convener of Public hearing
a. Disposal of catalyst from distillery material is not mentioned
Reply: In the molasses based distilleries catalysts are not used for distillation
process. Therefore, there will not be any issue of disposal of such catalyst.
b. Piezometric well under CREP guidelines is not mentioned
Reply: Photographs of Piezometric well and monitoring report of ground water
near to the compost site is enclosed as annexure XV to this report
c. GSDA guidelines are not mentioned if the project proponent is using bore
well water;
The project is not using any ground water resource. Hence, these guidelines are
not applicable in the present project.
d. To install Continuous Online Monitoring System period is not mentioned
which is indispensable to project proponent;
Photographs of the same are enclosed as annexure XVI to this report
Online Monitoring System Details for Sugar Unit
Sr.No Particulars Parameters Vender Name Online monitoring started
1. Online multi parameter Analyser
pH, BOD,COD, TSS
M/s. Forbes Marshall Pvt, Ltd, Plot No. B-85, Phase-II, Chakan Industrial Area, Village Savardari-Chakan, Taluka- Khed, Pune
Season 2016-17
2. Dust Monitor Particulate Matter
3 Electromagnetic flow meter
Flow M/s. Krohne Marshall Pvt, Ltd, A-34/35, MIDC Industrial Estate H-Block, pimpri, Pune
Season 2016-17
Online Monitoring System Details for Distillery Unit
Sr.No Particulars Parameters Vender Name Online monitoring started
1. Online electromagnetic flow meter
Effluent outlet flow measurement
M/s. Krohne Marshall Pvt, Ltd, A-34/35, MIDC Industrial Estate H-Block, pimpri, Pune
Season 2016-17
3 Online web camera
Compost yard observation
M/s. Forbes Marshall Pvt, Ltd, Plot No. B-85, Phase-II, Chakan Industrial Area, Village Savardari-Chakan, Taluka- Khed, Pune
Season 2016-17
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-44
2. Queries raised by Chairman of the Public Hearing Committee and Honorable ADM,
Shri Vijaysinh Deshmukh
1. As per the analytical studies of the soil of the area, it is observed that carbon
quantity is very meager. Hence quantity of organic carbon should be increased;
Reply: The factory has taken following measures to improve soil organic carbon
It is supplying press mud, Bio-earth compost on subsidized rate to farmers
also implementing sugarcane trash mulching program after harvesting cane
at farmers field
Under green manure program supplying seeds of sun hemp & Dhencha which
are helpful for increasing organic matter
The Management assures that it will continues its efforts as well as add new
programmes to increase soil organic carbon.
2. The pH of the soil is 8.8, which is at the higher side. This is due to excess use of
chemical fertilizers. It affects eco-system as well as our body system. As per the
report, it is concluded that the soil of Punjab is totally spoiled due to excess use of
fertilizers, hence there is rise of cancer patients of all age groups in Punjab. The
awareness program for the same should be carried in the local area.
Reply: The factory has established soil testing lab. It is recommending fertilizer as per
soil testing report, which will helpful for maintaining soil pH.
As suggested by Honorable ADM, we have made provision for such awareness
programme. It is mentioned in table 9.7 under point D Education – please refer chapter
IX, page 9-17 & 9-18 of EIA report.
3. The objections raised during the meeting should be solved immediately. The issue
of release of Soot/carbon particles in the environment should be solved
immediately;
Reply: Existing wet scrubber are suitable for our present crushing, It is also suitable for
proposed expanded capacity of 6000 TCD.
However, we have contacted to our wet scrubber supplier for its design suitability or
required any modification of it.
4. From the CER (Corporate Environment Responsibility) Fund, previously which is
used to be called as CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) Fund, green belt should
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-45
be developed in the area. It is appealed to the project proponent to extend the
financial aid to the nearby villages for the construction and maintenance of
Jalyukta Shivar;
Reply: As suggested by Honorable ADM, we have made provision for this activity under
watershed development programme of CSR. Please refer chapter IX, table 9.7 page 9-17
& 9-18 of EIA report for details of fund provision.
5. It is observed during the presentation that the bagasse remains in large quantity.
It should be used for co-generation project.
Reply: We are installing another turbine for running co-generation in off season. Saved
bagasse will be utilized for this project. The work is already started.
6. The local farmers should be made aware to use organic fertilizers for production
of sugarcane.
Reply: Cane development department of the factory is regularly providing guidance for
use of organic & bio-fertilizers for improving soil fertility & soil health.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-46
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-47
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-48
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-49
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-50
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-51
Reply to the above letters is as follows.
We have received a letter through an email from Mr. H. Madhubabu, President (REEHAS, Rural
Environment Education and Health Awareness Society) on July 29, 2018. We appreciate his
observation and suggestion. In response to the same, this point-wise response is prepared.
1. The Proponent of M/s Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd proposed to Expansion of
Sugar Unit & Distillery Unit as mentioned above
Reply: Yes, Noted
2. The Environment consultant Vasantdada Sugar Institute of this project study area covered
10 k.m radius around the proposed Project area, they studied locations of air ambient
quality , noise levels recorded , water samples collected, soil samples also collected these all
are in norms of CPCB. This is satisfactory.
Reply: Monitoring results given in Chapter-III of EIA reports. Thanking you for your perusal of
monitoring results and comment of satisfaction.
3. The consultant, please take health states of village people in 10 km radius around is must,
why because it is very useful in future.
Reply: Provision is made in the CER/CSR budget for medical camp in the project area.
4. Please take Crop production details from near Agriculture lands also.
Reply: Major crops of the area, is given in Chapter-III. Regarding crop production i.e. yield data
is collected by Government authority. It is not possible to collect the primary data on yield in
three months monitoring period. Also, it is not included in the monitoring guidelines or terms of
reference.
5. For operation of the project water requirement is 520 m3/Day It is taking from Bhima river
, in summer season chance to down fall water level so please arrange rain water harvesting
system.
Reply: Factory has already made facility for rainwater harvesting. This will be improved,
budgetary allocation for the same is made under EMP. Details are given in Chapter- IX of EIA
report. Factory will recycle the water to fullest extent and also use treated water to reduce fresh
water requirement.
6. Please utilize waste water to plantation, sprinkling on roads. It controls Dust Pollution when
your vehicles transport time
Reply: This suggestion is already in practice.
7. Your taking 14.5 Acres (33%) plantation for Green belt is good, it is CPCB norms, but I am
requesting to increase if any possible.
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-52
Reply: The factory is already maintaining 12.5 acres of greenbelt. This will be enhanced in the
proposed project. We have noted your suggestion and we will try to implement.
8. You take avenue plantation to near villages, road side, it is useful to save environment.
Plant fruit baring and medicinal value trees.
Reply: Such activities are already in practice. In addition, financial provision for the same is
made in CER plan, that assures its implementation in future also.
9. Please give employment opportunities to local people first. And conduct skilled programs
for local youth like ITI, Diploma. They will get job opportunities other industries also
Reply: As a policy, the management of the factory has always given preference to the local
youth for permanent as well as contractual employment. The same policy will be continued
even after expansion.
10. Give medical facilities to near villages, Conduct Medical Camps Regularly.
Reply: Budgetary provision for these activities is already made in CER/CSR budget. Please refer
chapter-IX of EIA report.
11. Give drinking water facility to near villages.
Reply: Budgetary provision for such activities is already made in CER/CSR budget. Please refer
chapter-IX of EIA report
12. Give good education to near village children.
Reply: The factory is working on these lines for last several years. It has undertaken many
activities for education of children of harvesting labour, employees as well as children from
nearby areas. In continuation with the same, budgetary provision for such activities is already
made in CER/CSR budget. Please refer chapter-IX of EIA report
13. Develop all main roads and street roads of near villages.
Reply: Noted. The factory supports such type of developmental activities.
14. The project will contribute additional revenue to the State & Central Govt.
Reply: Thanking you for the keen perusal and remark
15. For using of CSR budget please form a Co-ordination committee with village people, Govt.
officials and company people, and find necessary works for villages not target oriented
works.
Reply: Thanking you for your suggestion. It is noted.
Once again, we thank Mr. H. Madhubabu, President (REEHAS, Rural Environment Education and
Health Awareness Society) for his suggestions and support to this project.
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-53
We have received a letter through an email from Mr. S. Venkateshwarlu, Chief Functionary
(NEETHA Swachanda Seva Society, Environmental management Development Organization) on
August 2nd, 2018. We appreciate his observation and suggestion. In response to the same, this
point-wise reply is prepared.
1. To take up plantation in the surrounding villages with variety of trees, species and herbal,
fruit bearing types and to develop avenue plantation
Reply: Such activities are already in practice. In addition, financial provision for the same is
made in CER/CSR plan, which assures its implementation in future also.
2. Greenbelt will be developed within the premises of the project.
Reply: The factory is already maintaining 12.5 acres of greenbelt. This will be enhanced in the
proposed project. We have noted your suggestion and we will try to implement.
3. To take Water sprinkling to reduce the PM emission level.
Reply: This suggestion is already in practice.
4. To take CPCB & CREP guidelines will be followed.
Reply: Factory is following CPCB & CREP guideline. Implementation of the same e.g. impervious
lagoons for spent wash storage, impervious compost yard, etc. are discussed in chapter II of
the EIA report.
5. To incorporate public health status and ground water status of the area.
Reply: Provision is made in the CER/CSR budget for medical camp in the project area. Ground
water monitoring results and status given in Chapter-III of EIA reports.
6. To providing the nearby villages in the employment.
Reply: As a policy, the management of the factory has always given preference to the local
youth for permanent as well as contractual employment. The same policy will be continued
even after expansion.
7. To take CSR Activities will be carried out in the local area which will improve the social-
economic status of the local people.
Reply: This suggestion is already in practice.
8. Welcome to the proposed project to issue environmental clearance (EC) by MOEF&CC.
Reply: Thanking You
Once again, we thank Mr. S. Venkateshwarlu, Chief Functionary (NEETHA Swachanda Seva
Society, Environmental management Development Organization) for his suggestions and
support to this project. We have received a letter through an email from Mr. Vootkuri S. Reddy,
President (Dharithri Paryavarana Parirakshana Samstha) on July 07, 2018. We appreciate his
observation and suggestion. In response to the same, this point-wise response is prepared.
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-54
1. You consultancy have already conducted baseline survey of air, water, land it is very good. My
request is please collect the data of the health status of the people, Data of Crop production
status and ground water availability status within 10Kms radius. It is very useful in future
and utilize as a parameter to take precautionary affective measure to maintain ecological
balance.
Reply: Monitoring results given in Chapter-III of EIA reports. Thanking you for your perusal of
monitoring results and comment of satisfaction. For health status of the people, provision is
made in the CER/CSR budget for medical camp in the project area. Major crops of the area, is
given in Chapter-III. Regarding crop production i.e. yield data is collected by Government
authority. It is not possible to collect the primary data on yield in three months monitoring
period. Also, it is not included in the monitoring guidelines or terms of reference. Ground
water monitoring results and status given in Chapter-III of EIA report.
2. My request and suggestion you take up industry proposed expansion of sugar unit form 2500
TCD to 6000 TCD and Molasses based distillery unit from 30 KLPD to 55 KLPD. Whatever you
draw river water. The water is not flowing throughout the year. The excess water flowing is
rain season only. It is beneficial to construct storage tanks for collecting overflowing water in
rainy season.
Reply: Factory has developed facility for rainwater harvesting. This will be improved,
budgetary allocation for the same is made under EMP. Details are given in Chapter- IX of EIA
report. Factory will recycle the water to fullest extent and also use treated water to reduce
fresh water requirement. Factory is storing the harvested rain water, in the ground reservoir
(after filtration and required precautions).
3. My request and suggestion to you to take up proposed industry of land, whatever you draw
water it is a limited natural resources. But the water is not sufficiently available throughout
the year it is a limited sources. The excess water is available in rainy season only. My
suggestion is please make special efforts to collect rain water to store construct storage tanks
for storage rain water. It is very useful to use the rainy water in non rainy days to your
industry. It is very beneficial to maintain ecological balance.
Reply: Factory has made facility for rainwater harvesting. This will be improved, budgetary
allocation for the same is made under EMP. Details are given in Chapter- IX of EIA report.
Factory will recycle the water to fullest extent and also use treated water to reduce fresh
water requirement. Factory is storing the harvested rain water, in the ground reservoir (after
filtration and required precautions).
Chapter VII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-55
4. Please take up village plantation in nearby villages and also avenue plantation for internal
roads on which roads your vehicles transport the materials to control dust pollution. My
request is you should give priority to fruit baring plants and medicinal value plants instead of
normal plants it is useful to control dust pollution and available fruits in nearby villages.
Reply: Such activities are already in practice. In addition, financial provision for the same is
made in CER plan, that assures its implementation in future also.
5. Please give priorities to local educated unemployed youth for employment in your industry.
Reply: As a policy, the management of the factory has always given preference to the local
youth for permanent as well as contractual employment. The same policy will be continued
even after expansion.
6. My humble request is to promote skill development training to unemployed youth to better
skills useful to get employment chances in your industry remaining youth to get jobs in other
places. Countries like Japan and Korea 95% of youth they got skill development in India only
5 to 6 percent youth skilled persons.
Reply: The factory has made provision in CER/CSR budget for training of factory workers as
well as farmers. Please refer chapter IX, table 9.7 for the details.
7. My request is to form co-ordination committees with you company officials, Govt. officials and
PCB officials and villages to take up plan of action of CSR budget it is very useful and
meaningful to take up demand oriented works. This is very essential to village development.
Please discourage target oriented works. With this activity a great credibility comes to you.
Reply: Thanking you for your suggestion. As mentioned in chapter III of EIA report, the factory
is always undertaking the activities which are of local relevance and useful to local residents.
Thus, now as well as in near future the factory will implement social activities which are
beneficial to locals.
8. My suggestion please include promote the farmers planting of sugar cane to cutting it will
take 15 months approximately. The water used by farmers is 3 Crore liters in a crop year,
please encourage the farmers to minimum utilization of water either by drip irrigation or by
sprinkler so that, it will promote the farmers growing sugar cane in only one crore liters. To
take the better environment.
Reply: The factory is already working in this direction and supporting farmers who are willing
to install drip.
Once again, we thank Mr. Vootkuri S. Reddy, President (Dharithri Paryavarana Parirakshana
Samstha) for his suggestions and support to this project.
Chapter VIII
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 8-1
Chapter VIII
PROJECT BENEFIT ANALYSIS
8.1 PROJECT BENEFITS: FOR THE PROJECT PROPONENT
Sensible utilization of available resources such as land, boiler (steam), bagasse, molasses
and human resources
Cheap labour pool, since employment in rural area is agro-based and seasonal
The products have continuous market demand
Markets are located within state as well as at national/international levels and there is
very good connectivity of road, rail & air to the site
Generation of value added product from sugar mill by-product/waste
Similarly, spent wash (highly polluted wastewater) generated in the unit will get
converted into a good quality manure by mixing it with pressmud
Overall improving profitability of the business and ensuring long term sustenance in the
scenario of volatile sugar prices through byproduct generation
Ease to control both the units
8.2 PROJECT BENEFITS: FOR THE LOCAL SOCIETY
Sugarcane grower farmers and workers will be benefited, since distillery is an ancillary
unit of sugar mill
Generation of additional 364 direct employment
Indirect employment in various forms e.g. transportation, refreshment stalls,
workshops, daily commodity shops, etc. People will be benefitted by these services
Improvement will take place in infrastructures such as schools, medical facilities,
transportation, etc.
Revenue for the local authorities as well as state government
The benefits of following activities initiated by sugar mill will be continued.
Implementing various labour welfare activities such as health checkup camps, rewards,
celebration of various festivals, providing housing facility etc.
Providing cane seed of improved varieties to cane growers at concessional rate
Encouraging the farmers for lift/drip irrigation schemes, soil testing and other improved
farm management practices
Operating “Sakhar shala” for the children of cane harvesting workers
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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 8-2
8.3 BENEFITS TO COUNTRY: ALCOHOL AS A FUEL
Ethanol is mainly produced from sugarcane molasses. Sugarcane is a renewable source of
energy. Sugarcane cultivation is an efficient method of converting ‘solar energy’ into ‘stored
energy’. Thus, use of ethanol as oxygenating agent or fuel-extender helps reduce the usage and
dependence on fossil fuels.
Ethanol is made from renewable sources of energy i.e. based on agricultural products. Thus, it is
not a depleting resource like petrol. Use of ethanol is also carbon neutral as compared to use of
fossil fuels.
Blending of petrol using ethanol even at 5% directly saves that much petrol. This quantity is
huge at national level. This helps to save valuable foreign exchange and strengthen the
economy. This could also help in controlling/regulating the prices of petrol in the market, since
ethanol is cheaper compared to petrol. Overall, it could have manifold effect on economy.
8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Agro based industry and raw material is renewable
No rehabilitation, restoration issues involved
Saving on transportation of raw material and filler materials, as well as fuel cost
Exhaust steam from captive power/cogeneration unit will be used for distillery
operations, hence it will save energy (fuel) as well as water
Captive power – generated on renewable energy
Disposal of molasses, press mud and ash will get solved due to the proposed unit
Generation of energy (biogas) from wastewater i.e. spentwash; thereby, direct emission
of methane will be avoided. Methane is a greenhouse gas having 23-time higher global
warming potential than carbon dioxide
Recycling of soil nutrients by bio-compost; thus, increasing soil fertility
Recycling/reuse of treated water will save fresh water intake
Solid waste generated from sugar factory like press mud, ash and ETP sludge can be
converted to bio-manure
No wildlife sanctuary, national park within 10km radius of study area; no disturbance to
wildlife
Overall, pollution control at all possible extent, enhancing the environmental benefits
Thus, project is anticipated to be beneficial for sustainable development of the region.
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-1
Chapter IX
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
9.1 OVERVIEW
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed for preventing, controlling, and/or
mitigating the likely adverse/negative environmental impacts of the project on surrounding
environment. EMP framework is a site specific document for the project, to ensure that the
project can be implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner and where all concerned
persons of the industry as well as contractors, understand the potential environmental impact
arising from the proposed project and take appropriate actions for proper management.
9.1.1 Objectives of EMP
Minimization of waste generation and pollution
Judicious use of available resources
Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace
Ensure effective operation of all control measures
Vigilance against probable accidents and disasters
Monitoring of cumulative and longtime impacts
Ensure effective operation of all control measures
Overall conservation of natural resources and environment
9.2 EMP FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The project activity comprises of expansion of existing sugar and distillery units. As the
construction activity will take place in already developed industrial premises, many issues such
as water supply for drinking and domestic activities, sanitation facilities for labour at site,
electricity availability, safety and health facilities for labour, etc. become less significant. Labour
from neighboring areas is easily available. All these aspects were considered while anticipating
environmental impacts of construction phase. The construction activity involves installation of
various units of sugar and distillery such as storage tanks for raw material as well as finished
products, distillation towers, installation of mill, sugar godown, enhancement of spray pond and
compost yard, etc. Thus, the major activities involved for construction phase are
Loading / unloading of construction material
Excavation work (as per requirement) for the various buildings and structures
Transportation of the material and workers to & from the project location
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-2
Modernization of existing various machineries/units
Disposal of the liquid and solid waste generated by the temporary work force
employed for construction
Considering the types of activities associated with the project and sources of pollution,
following mitigation measures are recommended.
Fugitive dust emission due to transportation activities as well as loading/unloading of
material will be controlled by water sprinkling on dust generative sources
The activities generating noise to be carried out within daytime only and prohibit all
such activities for night time
Run-off of loose soil to be prevented by means of compacting the soil
Transport contractors must be instructed to maintain their vehicles properly, so as to
minimize the exhaust emissions, reduce the noise and prevent the oil leakages from
vehicles
Labourers to be advised to use toilet blocks available in the existing mill premises
Solid waste material to be segregated properly and its further treatment/disposal to be
carried out according to the nature of the waste, under the supervision and guidance of
environment officer/chemist available in the existing sugar unit
Greenbelt enhancement/developmental activities to commence in the surrounding
zone of the construction site
9.3 EMP: OPERATION PHASE
Table 9.1: Environment management plan: operation phase
Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures
AIR ENVIRONMENT
Air Environment
Particulate Matter (PM)
Formation of SO2, NOx
H2S from Biogas
Carbon dioxide due to
fermentation, Odour
due to composting
process
• Existing Stack 65 m height is adequate
• Wet scrubber to control ash emission through
stack
• Existing Greenbelt 12 acre and proposed 2.5
acre Total 14.5acres
Covered fermenters
Bagasse contains traces of S & N, hence
generation of SO2 and NOX anticipated to be
limited
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-3
Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures
Proper ash and bagasse handling system
Use of biogas as fuel
Provision of flare unit
Aerobic composting by using aero-tiller
machines
Storage of spentwash as per CREP guidelines
Fugitive dust from
Handling and transport
of bagasse and ash;
dust generated from
roads, etc.
Mechanized system for handling of bagasse as
well as ash
Asphalted internal roads,
Adequate parking places for goods and private
vehicles
WATER ENVIRONMENT
Water
Environment
Major source – effluent
from milling section,
boiling house,
centrifugal house,
boiler blow down,
cleaning & condensate.
Storage of spentwash,
its treatment and
disposal
Existing sugar ETP will be upgraded to treat
effluent of600m3/day from proposed units
(after expansion)
Currently, spray pond over flow is collected
separately and sent for irrigation after
proper treatment. Same will be followed after
expansion (quantity 600 m3/day)
ETP treated water will be reused for
greenbelt/irrigation (within the premises)
Process condensate from sugar unit will be
recycled (partially); reducing the fresh water
requirement considerably
Rain water harvesting
Bio-methanation as primary treatment for
spentwash
Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE)-secondary
treatment to reduce spentwash volume
Concentrated spentwash will be mixed with
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-4
Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures
press mud cake to produce bio-compost
Spentlees, condensate of MEE and other
effluents will be treated in condensate
polishing unit and reused for distillery
activities
All effluent will be properly treated and
utilized/disposed within the premises
Storage of spentwash in 30 days and five day
impervious lagoons as per CREP guidelines
Enhancement of existing impervious
compost yard with leachate collection
drainage and other facilities - strictly as per
CREP guidelines
Fresh water requirement will be reduced by
recycling of water, using rain water during
startup period
Bore well, in downstream area of bio-
compost to monitor ground water quality
SOLID WASTE
Boiler
Ash Bagasse ash is rich in potash, thus used to enrich
the soil or sold for bricks manufacturing Provision
of greenbelt for natural control
ETP (Sugar unit) Sludge Organic and degradable hence, mixed with bio
compost Fermentation Sludge
Bio digester Sludge
NOISE
Process
machineries
Mainly Boiler, STG,
pumps and motors
Noise sources/ noise generating activities will be
under roof/in covered area
Regular maintenance of machinery
Provisions of personal protective equipment
Job rotation at high noise work places
Regular health check up
Walls and trees will help to attenuate noise
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-5
Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures
Greenbelt development
Transportation Regular maintenance of vehicles
Well maintained internal roads and adequate
parking will reduce traffic congestion and noise
due to it
Ecology and
Biodiversity
Air, water, soil and
noise pollution
Tree cutting failing,
disturbance to wildlife
due to project
Adequate preventive, control and mitigation
measures for air, water and soil pollutants
No tree cutting failing involved since project
is on flat, barren land
No wildlife sanctuary, national park or
biosphere reserve within 10km radius, site is
not in migratory route of any wildlife, no rare
and endangered species of plants/animals
reported from the region
Development of greenbelt will help to
enhance the biodiversity and may provide
habitat to many species
Socio-economic
Environment
Rehabilitation and
Restoration (RR),
pressure on available
manmade
infrastructure/resource
due to population flux
No rehabilitation and restoration issue
involved since site is already under the
possession of project proponent
Local candidates will be preferred for
employment. Skilled work force is available
at nearby towns and cities
Safety and
Occupational
health
Accidents, improper
work practices
Safety officer and safety committee will be
formulated
Provision of adequate safety gears
Other safety measures as per the norms
Insurance policy for workers
Regular health check-up
Risk and disaster
management
Fire, accidents,
earthquake, etc.
The entire premises is no smoking zone
Lightening arresting system will be in place
Ethanol vapor condensing system will be
installed at storage area
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-6
Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures
Proper storage of molasses, ethanol, bagasse
Firefighting system as per OISD guidelines
Earthquake resistant construction
9.3.1 Air environment
Measures in addition to above are as follows.
Greenbelt of minimum three tiers in the periphery of the project
While improving the greenbelt local/native species will be preferred in addition to the
species helpful in controlling pollution. It will help in attenuating dust and to some
extent SO2 pollution
Development of lawn on open areas with plantation of ornamental shrubs/trees in
between so as to reduce the dust generation from open areas and improve aesthetics
Preventive maintenance and regular checking of pollution control devices
Continuous emission monitoring system for stack
Monitoring of ambient air quality at regular interval within & outside the project
premises
Proper maintenance of internal roads
Compliance of other regulatory norms such as health, safety, etc.
All these measures will help in reducing and/or mitigating the potential negative impact of the
proposed activity on surrounding environment.
9.3.1.1 Other emissions
From Diesel Generator (DG): DGs are usually used as a backup provision for power. However,
in proposed project, the captive power will be available for season. Hence, operation of DG will
be very limited. Thus, emissions from DG sets assumed to be less significant. Stack height of DG
set- as per the guidelines of CPCB. However, DG sets need to be maintained regularly.
9.3.2 Noise environment
The noise management practices will be in following sequence
Prevent generation of noise at source by good design and maintenance of equipment
Minimize or contain noise at source by observing good operational techniques and
management practice
Use physical barriers or enclosures to prevent transmission to other media e.g. for
boiler, STG, DG room
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-7
Increase the distance between the source and receptor
Sympathetic timing and control of unavoidably noisy operations
Job rotation for workers placed at high noise areas
Greenbelt development with suitable species for noise attenuation
9.3.3 Water environment
Figure 9.1: Schematic of water management
ETP of existing sugar unit is already described in chapter II with schematic (Refer Figure
2.7page 2-27 of Chapter II). This ETP will be modified suitably to treat effluent of 600 m3 per
day. Presently the mill is segregating the mildly polluted streams such as spray pond overflow
and excess condensate. It is sent for irrigation.
For molasses based distilleries, spentwash is a highly polluting element, which is potentially the
major threat to environment. Thus, it is imperative to manage it properly. Considering the
pollution potential of spentwash, the Ministry of Environment Forest& Climate Change
(MoEF&CC), has recommended a guideline through Corporate Responsibility for Environment
Protection (CREP), charter in 2003. According to these guidelines, it is mandatory for the
distillery to achieve ‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ (ZLD). The project proponent has developed
following scheme to achieve ZLD and has made necessary financial provisions towards the
planned activities.
For spentwash, bio-methanation as primary treatment to convert organic matter
into biogas – an energy source
In the secondary treatment stage, biomethanated spentwash will be sent to Multi-
Effect Evaporation (MEE) unit to reduce its volume from 440 to 88cu.m.
Reducing fresh water intake by
Efficient use of water/steam
Recycling of non or less
polluted streams
Recycling of cendensate
Waste generation
Minimized to all possible
extent
Proper treatment to all
effluent streams
Reusing treated water
Rain water harvesting
From roof top areas
Mainly by recharge sump
wells
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-8
Following evaporation, concentrated spentwash will be mixed with press mud
cake (PMC - generated in the sugar mill) to produce bio-compost
Spentlees, condensate of MEE and other effluents will be treated in condensate
polishing unit (CPU); treated water will be reused for other activities of distillery
Steam condensate will be recycled back as a boiler feed water. Thus, the industry is
determined to put all its efforts for the recycle/reuse of water.
9.3.3.1 CREP guidelines for molasses based distilleries
The industry has opted for bio-methanation as primary treatment followed by bio-composting
for the safe disposal of spentwash. The guidelines recommended through CREP, which will be
implemented by the project proponent, are as follows-
Spentwash storage lagoon not >30 days’ capacity
The lagoons must be impervious, constructed leak-proof, lined with HDPE sheets and
protected by brick lining
The compost yard lined with HDPE sheets and protected with
brick/concrete/Bituminous Macadam
Provisions for leachate collection i.e. gutter and sump well
A) Land Preparation for Compost Yard
1. While designing and preparing compost yard, its foundation need to be constructed
with utmost care. Therefore, preparation of the ground & proper compaction plays very
important role in the development of compost yard.
2. Therefore, it needs to be ensured that-
The land is leveled and compacted properly
Soft soil cushion is essential to lay a 250 micron thick HDPE sheet
Further, another layer of soft soil/sand needs to be provided over the 250 micron
thick HDPE sheet before proceeding with the top finish
Provision of underground spentwash spraying network for auto spraying
Provision of leachate management system as per guidelines
There are few options for top finish of compost yard, they are -
Brick on-edge gaps filled with dry sand/soft local soil
Providing Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) 1:3:6 in bays & scaling the joints with
bitumen
Bituminous asphalting
Providing and laying interlocking concrete paving blocks
B) Operations & maintenance guidelines for composting
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-9
i) Rainy season
It is not possible to run the aerobic composting process in rainy season. The reasons are:
Freshly sprayed spent wash that is yet to be decomposed may give some colored
leachate after rain and will contaminate the soil
Due to rain, the composting material in windrows may have moisture content of
70%, which can result in anaerobiosis
It is not possible to run the composting machine during rainy season
Heavy rains can wash off the press mud
Precautions to be taken before onset of rainy season
The composting area must be vacated before start of rains
As far as possible, all the compost on the site should be sold out before start of
rain. The compost, which remains unsold, should be properly bagged and kept in
godown/covered area
After harvesting the last batch of compost, a 2 cm layer of press mud should be
scrapped over the surface layer of compost yard and this scrapped material shall
be kept covered for blending with compost. After cleaning the scrapped area,
fresh windrow of press mud shall be formed only after rainy season.
ii) Unseasonal rains
Precaution to be taken, if there is unseasonal rain during composting cycle
In order to avoid the leaching of spentwash, which is yet to decompose all the
windrow on the yard should be covered with polyethylene sheets/pullover
covers
Stop spraying spentwash, temporarily when it is raining. Spraying can be
resumed when the sky becomes clear.
The provision of the trenches towards slopping side should be made to collect
the runoff from windrow area. This runoff should be collected in leachate
collection pit. It should be pumped back to 30 days storage lagoon.
The run off of outside compost yard should be suitably diverted so that it does
not enter the compost yard.
In order to achieve ‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ the industry will be adopting biomethanation
followed by MEE followed by Biocomposting process. Impervious lagoons will be constructed
for storage of spentwash and impervious compost yard (1:3:6 PCC) with HDPE lining as per
CREP norms.
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-10
9.3.3.2 Rainwater harvesting
The industry has implemented the rainwater-harvesting project. Presently, it is harvesting
water mainly from roof top areas of mill shed, building. The rooftop area available for rain water
harvesting is 10,190sq.m. (sugar unit 8,910 sq.m and distillery unit 1,280 sq.m) All water is
collected and channelized to sump wells
Table 9.2: Details of rainwater harvesting and storage
DESCRIPTION OF
CATCHMENT AREA
AREA AVG RAIN-
FALL PER
YEAR
RUN
OFF
WATER AVAILABLE
(Per annum)
m2 m % CUM
Roof top area
(available building
and structures)
10,190 0.6 70 4280
Figure 9.2: Rain Water harvesting and storm water drainage Layout
9.3.4 Land environment
Effluent will be properly treated in ETP and treated water will be reused/recycled. Thus, the
probability of soil pollution in the surrounding area (outside the premises), is very remote. In
addition, effluent will be transported to ETP through well-constructed drainages/pipe system
which will prevent its percolation into the soil and mixing it with ground water. Thus, the soil
pollution shall be effectively prevented and controlled by the provision of ETP.
RWH Sump Well:
RWH Drain Line:
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-11
Solid wastes from the proposed unit will be boiler ash and sludge from effluent treatment plant.
Table 9.3: Management of solid waste
Waste Material Nature Upshot
Ash(from bagasse) Solid Mixed with bio-compost which will be mixed into soil
Sludge from ETP Dry-
solid
Mixed with bio-compost which will be mixed into soil
Yeast Sludge Organic Mixed with bio-compost which will be mixed into soil
Sludge from Distillery
Polishing unit
Organic Mixed with bio-compost which will be mixed into soil
Figure9.3: Schematic of waste management
9.3.4.1 Hazardous waste management
Spent oil from the gear boxes and automobile batteries will be disposed as per the Hazardous
and Other Waste (Management and Transboundary Movement)Rules, 2016.
9.4 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT
In the existing scenario, the mill has developed greenbelt on 32 acres of the land and 3 acres of
land is proposed for greenbelt development which is 33% of the industrial plot area.
Table 9.4: Tree plantation details
Tree
interspacing
Tree density
per 100m2
Size/type Location
3 x 3m 25 Shrubs and small trees Boundary of sugar and cogeneration,
Added
to soil
Bottom ash from furnace
Sludge
fly ash
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-12
Garden/landscape areas
5 x 5m 09 medium to large size
trees
Boundary of plot area
10 x 10m 04 Large size trees Mainly along road side and on the
periphery of the unit
It is advised to undertake plantation during monsoon of 2018, by planting tree along the
boundary of the unit. The tree species must be healthy, preferably of few months old, so as to
improve its survival probabilities. Provide fencing to all the plants, which are vulnerable to stray
animals. It is also advised to plant ornamental trees, flowering plants, shrubs in the premises of
respective production, waste treatment units, once the major construction work of respective
site gets over. Table 9.5 and 9.6 give the list of recommended plant species for greenbelt.
Table9.5: List of recommended species for greenbelt
* T=Tall, M=Medium, S=Small
Name Size* Climate(Rainfall) Feature/remark
1. Aegalmarmalose(Bel) M/T 500-1000 mm Tolerant to air pollution,
common in the region
2. Albiziasaman (Shirish) M 500-1000 mm Tolerant of CO2
3. Anthocephaluskadamba
(Kadamba)
T 500-1000 mm Dust tolerant
4. Azadiractaindica (Neem) T 500-1000 mm Fly ash tolerant ,Tolerant of
alkaline and Saline soil,
common in the area
5. Bauhinia purpurea
(kanchan)
T 500-1000 mm Dust tolerant, cultivated near
residential areas
6. Butea
monosperma(Palas)
T 500-1000 mm -
7. Cassia fistula (Bahava) M 500-1000 mm pH 7.5 to 8.4, cultivated near
residential areas
8. Cordia spp.(Bhokar) M 500-1000mm Dust tolerant
9. Erythrinaindica
(Pangara)
T 500-1000 mm Tolerant of CO2
10. Ficusbengalensis(Wad) T 500-1000 mm Fluoride tolerant, common
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-13
Name Size* Climate(Rainfall) Feature/remark
11. Ficusglomerata (Umber) T 500-1000 mm Tolerant of CO2 common
12. Ficusreligiosa (Pimpal) T 500-1000 mm Tolerant of CO2 common
13. Neriumodoratum(Kaner) S 500-1000 mm Tolerant of SO2 common
14. Tamarindusindica
(Chinch)
T 250-500 mm Tolerant of acidic soil
15. Eucalyptus species T 500-1000mm Tolerant of alkaline/Saline soil
16. Derris indica(Karanj) M/T 500-1000mm Tolerant to air pollution,
common in the region
Table 9.6: Flowering and foliage shrubs proposed for greenbelt
# Flowering plant (Shrubs) # Foliage plant (Shrubs/Under tree)
1 Hibiscus 1 Duranta species
2 Shankasur (Ceasalpinia spp.) 2 Dracena
3 Ixora 3 Euphorbia pulcherima
4 Tagar 4 Muscanda
5 Cassia biflora 5 Maranta bicolor
6 Powder puff 6 Agave
7 Alamanda 7 Palm spp.
8 Hemaliapetans 8 Croton
9 Chitrak (Plumbago)
10 Gardenia lucida
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-14
Figure 9.4: Schematic of Greenbelt Development
9.5 SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Health and safety are important aspects of an organization’s smooth and effective functioning.
Good health and safety performance ensures an accident-free industrial environment.
Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,
health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all occupational
health and safety programs is to foster a safe work environment. In this project, aspects of
Safety and Occupational Health are given with the due consideration, over and above applicable
legislations such as Factories Act 1948. Extra attention will be paid to provide measures for
ensuring safety and health of workers and as well integrity of plant. This will be done by
applying following national or international standards.
Use of flameproof electrics
Suitable operating procedures shall be adhered for overall safety and health
DG sets of appropriate ratings and as per the CPCB guidelines will be provided to ensure the
uninterrupted supply of power and thus for safety of plants and workers
Smoking and igniting activities are strictly prohibited in the entire unit
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-15
Existing Firefighting system should be modified suitably so as to make it suitable for
proposed project (as per the statutory guidelines)
Regular medical checkup of workers, contractual workers and employees
Group insurance and medical insurance facilities provided in the existing setup should be
extended after proposed expansion.
Following standards will be adopted/implemented for the safety of plant, machinery as well
as human resources
IS :11592 Code of practice for selection and design of conveyors
IS:1891 Specification for rubber conveyor
IS:4776 Specification for troughed belt conveyors
IS :7155 Code of practice for conveyor safety
IS :8466 Bagasse carrier chains
IS :8531 Specification for pulleys for belt conveyors
IS : 8598 Specification for idlers for belt conveyors
IS 800 Code of practice for General Construction in Steel
IS 1893 Criteria for Earthquake Resistance, Design of Structures
IS: 325 Three phase induction motors
IS 7403 Code of practice for selection of Worm & helical gear box
IS:1554 P V C insulated (heavy duty) electric cables
IS:2705 Current transformers
IS:3043 Code of practice of Earthing
IS :8623 Low voltages switch gear & control gear
Facilities provided by the Management to workers and employees at existing unit
Separate parking facility for private vehicles (non-goods)
Drinking water facility
Canteen
Toilet and bathrooms
Firefighting system (vehicle)
Ambulance
First aid facility
Safety gears and PPE
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-16
The abovementioned facilities will be made available to workers, as well as to the visitors and
transporters.
Plan of evaluation of health of workers
The mill is monitoring the health of its worker before placement and periodically
examines during the employment
Proper schedule is in place which will be modified suitably if required and followed with
help of occupational health experts and doctors
Health effects of various activities and health hazard, if any observed will be recorded
and discussed with the health experts for corrective and preventive actions need to be
taken by the industry
Schedule of medical check-up during operational phase
Comprehensive pre-employment medical checkup for all employees
General checkup of all employees (including contractual employees and casual labour)
once every year (the industry is doing it for existing unit)
Local hospitals and Govt. health monitoring system will be engaged
Dispensary and ESI facility will be provided to all workers as applicable
9.6 EMP FOR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Many of the social activities initiated and implemented bythe mill has been described in chapter
III.In addition to that, the existing sugar unit is providing large number of seasonal
employment(>5000 families will be engaged in cane harvesting) to labour mainly from drought
prone areas of Marathwada region of Maharashtra. The mill operates a primary school for the
children of cane harvesters. It also provides educational aid such as books, stationery, etc. to
these students.Many of the social activities initiated and implemented by the factory have been
described earlier. The management is committed to continue these activities. In addition,
following plan is advised.
Provision of insurance coverage to cane harvesting labour as well as seasonal and daily
wage labour for medical and accidental cause
Provision of insurance as well as medicines for animals involved in cane transportation
Undertake activities for safe drinking water in nearby schools and educational
institutions
Provision of drinking water, electricity and basic sanitation for harvesting labour and
transporters
Financial assistant to nearby government schools
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-17
The mill operatesindigenous cattle rearing center at site for farmers tounderstand the
importance of indigenous cattle for agriculture and they are also given cows free of cost
as per the demand of the farmers
Health Camp for farmers, workers and theirfamily members every year
School bus Facility for farmer & EmployeesChildren
Participation in “Jalyukt Shivar” Schemes of Maharashtra Govt.
Some of the social activities and budgetary allocation for the same are highlighted in the
following table.
Table 9.7: Financial provision for ESC (CSR) and CER activities planned for next five years
CSR activity head Year TOTAL
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Budgetary provision (Rs. in lakhs)
A. Drinking Water
Provision of drinking water to harvesting
labours and transporters
0.5 0.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 2.75
Watershed Management Work (Jalyukt Shivar)
Construction of water storage tanks/repair or
maintenance
11 11 12 12 15 61
Sub-Total for A 10.5 10.5 12.75 12.75 16.0 63.75
B. Health facilities
Health check-up of workers and their family
members and farmers
2 2 2.5 2.5 3 12
Organizing medical camps 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 07
Medical aid to needy people, etc. 5 5 5 5 5 25
Sub-Total for B 8 8 9 9 10 44
C. Education
Training to staff 1.5 1.5 2 2 3 10
Awareness programme for farmers 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 07
Training to local farmers 2 2 2.5 2.5 3 12
Educational facilities for orphans, children of
labours and women through NGO – Jan Seva
Prathisthan – supported by the factory
12 12 13 13 14 64
Educational aid to local schools, colleges, etc 2 2 3 3 3 13
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-18
CSR activity head Year TOTAL
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Budgetary provision (Rs. in lakhs)
School ‘Sakhar Shala’ for children of cane
harvesting labour including midday meals
2 2 3 3 3 13
Sub-Total for C 20.5 20.5 25 25 28 119
D. Livestock care: Maintaining ‘Go-shala’
and providing related facilities for local
farmers
02 02 03 03 04 14
E. Tree plantation in neighboring villages 05 05 06 06 07 29
F. Other activities for maintaining social,
cultural and religious harmony
02 02 03 03 04 14
TOTAL BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR NEXT FIVE YEARS 283.75
9.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring
network to maintain environmental quality will be implemented. Details of the environmental
monitoring programme have already been given in Chapter VI.
9.8 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION AND DECISION MAKING
Environmental management and monitoring require resources and support from the
management. To ensure smooth functioning of the EMP, budgetary provision should be made
for capital as well as recurring expenditure. The budgetary allocations for environmental
management are given in table 9.8 and table 9.9. The decision making and reporting hierarchy
also plays an important role and its details are given in figure 9.5.
Table 9.8: Budgetary allocations for environment management (Sugar Unit)
Sr.
No.
Particular Recurring cost
(Rs. In Lakhs )
Capital Cost (Rs. in
lakhs)
1 Air pollution control equipment
(venturi wet-scrubber)
6.00 --
2. Noise pollution control 0.10 0.10
3. Greenbelt 8.00 7.00
4. Occupational health, training and
community development
19.50 32.50
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-19
Sr.
No.
Particular Recurring cost
(Rs. In Lakhs )
Capital Cost (Rs. in
lakhs)
5. Fire protection 1.50 2.00
6. Water pollution control and ETP 7.75 11.80
7. Environmental monitoring system 4.50 4.50
8 Rain water harvesting and storm water
management
0.40 7.00
Total 47.75 64.90
Table 9.9: Budgetary allocations for environment management (Distillery Unit)
Sr.
No.
Particular Recurring cost
(Rs. In Lakhs )
Capital Cost (Rs. in
lakhs)
1 Solid waste
management/Composting
30.00 60.00
2. Noise pollution control 0.10 1.00
3. Greenbelt 8.00 7.00
4. Occupational health, training and
community development
15.50 16.50
5. Fire protection 1.40 1.50
6. Water pollution control 100.00 250.00
7. Environmental monitoring system 01.00 01.00
8 Rain water harvesting and storm
water management
0.30 2.00
Total 156.30 339.00
Chapter IX
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-20
Figure 9.5: Decision making and its implementation hierarchy (from top to bottom) and
reporting hierarchy (from bottom to top) for environmental conditions/compliances
Chairman and Managing Director
Process Manager
Environmental Officer
Env Chemist and Monitoring Staff
ETP Lab chemist and ETP
Operators
Distillery Manager
Works Manager General Manger
Chief Executive Officer
Chapter X
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 10-1
Chapter X
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., (SKL) at village Patethan, Tal-Daund Dist-
Pune has proposed an expansion of sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and molasses based
distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD. Baseline environmental quality data was collected for winter season
during October 2017 to January 2018. Identification and prediction of significant environmental
impacts due to proposed activity has been given in details (Chapter IV).
10.1. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT
The salient features of the proposed project are given in Table 10.1
Table 10.1: Salient features of Proposed Project
1. Project Proposed expansion of sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and
molasses based distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
2. Land Total land available with the factory = 77 acres
Of which ~50 to 55 acres is allocated/reserved for industrial activities
Land allocated for proposed Sugar unit ~1.50 acres
distillery unit ~6.00 acre (Considering all the requirements)
3. Green belt Existing 12 acres green belt will be increased by 2.5 acre
4. Operation Days Sugar: Average 180 days and Maximum 220 days
Distillery: Maximum 270 days
5. Total Water
Requirement
Sugar unit
Total 103 m3/day = 60 m3/day for process and 43 m3/day for
domestic activities
25 m3/day during off-season (for domestic purpose)
Distillery unit
417 m3/day
10 m3/day during off-season
6. Water Source Bhima river reservoir – with permission from Irrigation Dept.
7. Effluent
Treatment System
Sugar unit
Effluent will be sent to ETP and utilized for gardening/irrigation after
treatment
Distillery unit
Spentwash will be treated through Biomethanation followed by
multi-effect evaporation (MEE) followed by bio-composting. Zero
liquid discharge will be achieved.
Spentlees, cleaning water and condensate will be treated in
Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU)
Chapter X
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 10-2
8. Air Pollution
Control device for
flue gases
Existing Venturi Wet Scrubber will be used as air pollution control
device
9. Power and its
Source
During Season
Sugar+ Distillery = 6.5 MW
Source: Captive
During off-Season
Distillery + misc. for sugar = 1.5 MW
Source: Captive or State Electricity Board
10. Fuel Bagasse: ~1091 TPD (45.45 TPH)
Source: Own sugar factory
11. Steam Maximum 100 TPH
12. Manpower Total: 711 (Existing 347 + Proposed 364)
13. Total Project Cost Rs. 5,669.1 (Sugar unit Rs. 2295.1 + Distillery Rs. 3374)
14. Capital expenses
for Environment
management
Rs. 403.90 lakhs(Sugar unit Rs. 64.9 + Distillery Rs. 339)
10.2 CONCLUSION
During environmental impact assessment study, the potential environmental, social and economic
impacts of the above project have been assessed and given in EIA report. The proposed expansion
of sugar and distillery unit will have certain levels of marginal impacts on the local environment. It
has been endeavored to minimize the negative impacts by addressing them through environmental
management plan. Necessary control measures have been suggested to meet with the norms and
safeguard the environment. This expansion project will definitely improve the physical and social
infrastructure of the surrounding area. Adequate financial provision is made by management of
SMSKL for EMP and CSR activities (i.e. for upliftment of the local people). The proposed expansion
project will contribute to economic growth and helps in generating Government revenue.
Chapter XI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 11-1
Chapter XI
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
11.1 CONSULTANT
Vasantdada Sugar Institute
Manjari (Bk), Pune – 412307, Maharashtra
Phone: (020) 26902100, 26902343/7/6
Fax: (020) 26902244
The Institute has received accreditation from Quality Council of India (QCI)/National Accreditation
Board for Education and Training (NABET) for EIA consultancy services. It is also a recognized
Research and Development center of Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR),
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.
The EIA report has been prepared by, the Department of Environmental Sciences of VSI, which is
affiliated with ‘Savitribai Phule Pune University ’, as Post Graduate and Doctoral course center (i.e.
M.Sc. & Ph.D) in the said subject.
The activities of the department are represented in the following chart.
Figure 11.1: Activities of Department of Environmental Sciences
Vasantdada Sugar Institute
Department of Environmental Sciences
Teaching and Training Research and Development
Extension and Consultancy Services
Chapter XI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 11-2
11.2 The project team of EIA study
Expert Designation Role / Expertise
Dr. Deepali
Nimbalkar
Senior Scientist and Head
Department of
Environmental Sciences,
VSI
EIA coordinator and FAE: ISW, SHW, N
Overall coordination of project; impact
evaluation/assessment; formulation of EMP,
and preparation of EIA report
Mr. Shivajirao
Deshmukh
Director General
Vasantdada Sugar Institute
FAE: SE
Guidance for data collection and analysis;
impact assessment; formulation of EMP
Dr. Sanjay V Patil Head and Technical Advisor
Department of Alcohol
Technology, VSI
FAE: RH
Risk analysis and management , impact
assessment and formulation of EMP
Dr. Amol B
Deshmane
Scientist
Department of
Environmental Sciences,
VSI
FAE: EB
Data and sample collection; interpretation;
impact assessment, formulation of EMP;
Assistance to EC in coordinating all project
activities, Preparation of EIA report
Dr. Eknath P
Alhat
Scientific Officer
Department of
Environmental Sciences,
VSI
FAE: WP
Study of project processes and sources of
wastewater generation, data interpretation,
assistance in coordinating environmental
monitoring
Dr. D B Phonde Senior Scientist and Head,
Soil Sciences section, VSI
FAE: SC
Guidance for sample collection;
interpretation; impact assessment,
formulation of EMP
Dr. Preeti
Deshmukh
Scientist,
Soil Sciences section, VSI
Dr. Nitin
Karmalkar
(Empanelled)
Vice Chancellor, Savitribai
Phule Pune University
FAE: Geology and Hydro-geology
Data interpretation , impact assessment, and
preparation of EMP
Chapter XI
EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD
M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 11-3
Dr. Preeti
Deshmukh
Scientist,
Soil Science section, VSI
FAE: LU
Interpretation of land use data and local
topographical information, impact
assessment and formulation of EMP for the
same
Mr. Vivek P. Patil Research Assistant (EIA) Department of Environmental Sciences, VSI
FAE : AP, AQ
Monitoring of air, Interpretation of
monitoring results, AQ modeling, impact
assessment and formulation of EMP
Ms. Sharada
Rajiwade
Research Assistant Department of Environmental Sciences, VSI
AFAE : WP
Study of project processes and sources of
wastewater; data interpretation
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