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Optimal Solutions for Water Crisis in Kopargoan Town

Presented byPal Ajay Singh

Jaan Mohammad Patel Vidya Sirsath Priya Nandurkar Vivek Bhatt

Under the Guidance of

Prof. V.V.Sasane

Organization of Report 1) INTRODUCTION

2) PRESENT SCENARION IN A NUT SHELL.

3)WHAT OUR ANALYSIS SAYS?

4)PLAN OF ACTION

5) FUTURE SCOPE

6)CONCLUSION

7) REFERENCESOptimal solution for water crisis in Kopargaon town 2

INTRODUCTION• “The unavailability of water sources to full fill the difference

between demand and supply of individual is termed as water crisis”- WHO

• Kopargaon is located some18 km from the holy town of Shirdi. It is situated at 19.88°N 74.48°E. It has an average elevation of 493 meters (1617 feet) from MSL.

• Kopargaon is a town which falls in Semi-critical region of Ahmednagar district of Maharastra state.

• Kopargaon is situated at left bank of Godavari river.

• Rain pattern in Kopargaon is unpredictable and undeterministic.

• 2012 received an annual rainfall of 384 mm as on 15 October 2012.

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Area of consideration

Present Scenario in a Nut Shell • Godavary river is non-perennial and get flooded during monsoon season only, that’s why Kopargaon town is not dependent on this sources.

• Avg. annual rainfall of last 30 years is 590mm and of last 5 years is 443mm.

• Present population of Kopargaon town is 76,739.

• Major source of water is Darna dam of Igatpuri of Nashik district.

• Intermittent type of water supply for domestic use.Optimal solution for water crisis in Kopargaon town 8

Source of water

Water from Nandur Madmeshwari weir is stored in four tanks with a total height of 35 feets

7 km stretch between Yesgaon and Kopargaon

Kopargaon water Filteration plant

Technical Aspect to be keenly observed were

• Kopargaon gets its water from Yesgaon storage tanks and filters it at Sai corner and distributes it to the existing 5 ESRs.

ESR Capacity (lac lit) WTP

campus 21

Khadki

5

Bet

15

Gorobanagar

10

Station road

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Total

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Usage in Two major field’s• Main source of water for Kopargaon : Canal carrying water from Darna dam.

Total quantity of water supplied for Kopargaon :• For irrigation purpose -1251.306 Million liters (Excluding Rains and Dug wells)

• For domestic purpose – 11.77 Million cubic meter. (excluding losses)

Water Required :• For irrigation purpose – Dug wells and rainfall full fill the crisis in irrigation

• For domestic purpose – 12.5 MLD 13

What our Analysis Says?

optimal solution for water crisis in Kopargaon town

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Ahmednagar district, water depth level, pre monsoon.

• Present water required along losses is 12.5 MLD where as only 6.5 MLD can be supplied.

• Daily demand in 2013 = 12.5 MLD

• Daily supply in 2013 = 6.5 MLD

• Present water shortage = 6.0 MLD

FOR 135 LPCD water supply Rate with 15 % losses



• The depth to water levels in the district during pre monsoon ranges between 1.44 to 30.00 m below ground level.

• The depth to water levels during post monsoon ranges between 0.30 to 16.10 m below ground level.

• The ground water quality is also non-potable at many places 50% of samples taken from different wells are having high nitrate concentration.

DECIPHERING THE PROBLEM

Uncertainty in Rainfall.

Rise of Population of Town.

Losses Through Water Supply Pipelines.

Unsynchronized use of Water in Agriculture.

optimal solution for water crisis in Kopargaon town18

Uncertainty in Rainfall

Optimal Solution for Water Crisis in Kopargaon Town19

High Rise of Population of Town


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Losses Through Water Supply Pipelines

• Large number of leakages are found from pipelines (450mm RCC) bringing water from Yesgaon to Kopargaon through gravity.

• On an avg. around 2.109 MLD out of total water which is supplied to Kopargaon municipal office is wasted in a form of leakages.

• Water cannot be stored at the 14 lac liters capacity RCC ESR located at sai corner for more than 4 hours only because its value is leaky and cannot hold water pressure

Optimal solution for water crisis in Kopargaon town

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Unsynchronized use of Water in Agriculture.

• Due to rapid increase in demand from the consumers end agro based industries (predominant in Kopargaon area) load on agriculture has increased drastically.

• From the above rainfall graph its evident that rainfall has decreased from the year 2009 onwards and hence more water is diverted towards irrigation from the dam which not only increases the cost per unit hector but also decreases the chances of mobilizing valuable water in other fields


Year wise Growth of sugarcane in Kopargaon Taluka

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Year wise Growth of Jowar in Kopargaon Taluka

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Spending per Hector of Water for Perennial Crops

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

350019

8919

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

12

Rs pe

r hec

tor

Years25

Our Plan of Action Reduction in losses due to leakage

•In Yesgaon the water stored in 4 balancing tanks which are feeded by canal coming from Darna dam is conveyed to Kopargaon through 450mm dia RCC P-1 class gravity main of length 7000m, which was laid in 1978. As these mains are outdated in 2006 so they are badly damaged and suffer from large no of leakages.•According to the survey directed by the Kopargaon Municipal Council in 2011, it was found that 2.109 MLD of water gets wasted due to leakage problems(technical) and 1-2 % (Non-technical problems)•Hence the various water auditing & leakage control models available are proving very useful for assessing and comparing leakage among water utilities around the world. Optimal solution for water crisis in

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There are a number of different techniques for repairing pipes that leak,

depend on the severity of leak, type of break in the pipe, the condition of the pipe and the

pipe material:-

•A repair clamp to cover the defect.

•A cut out of the defective section of pipe work/fittings & replacement with a short length of pipe.

•Relay/Renewal of the whole or section of the pipe.optimal solution for water crisis in Kopargaon town 27

Usage of strong Tarpaulin plastic to avoid percolation


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Pipeline system along with Contour map

Rain Water Harvesting

•As the quantity of rainfall is erratic, reduced and uncertain rain water harvesting is one of the best technique to avert water crisis in our area of consideration. It has been successfully implemented in many rapidly growing towns of Tamil Nadu.

•Depending upon design different runoff harvesting structures like contour bunding ,compartment bunding, nalah bunding, farm pound has been suggested.


Reuse of waste water

• Reuse of water is no new technique and has been successfully implemented in many countries facing acute shortage of Water.

• Kuwait is Re-using its W/water to irrigate its agricultural land ,the country uses Micro Filtration process after treating it to some extent.

• The Concept is Idealistic in Nature as research shows that irrigation from w/water is beneficial to crops.


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Tests carried out on waste water samples

Reuse of water has certain Standards certified by WHO ,the treated waste water must have all the values less then the below specified values (*Note Only major elements are determined after sampling at Khandak Naluh)


Parameter WHO standards (ppm)

Initial values (sample)

After treatment

Turbidity No recommendation ___ ___

Sodium 184 30 ___

Magnesium 200 113 ___

Calcium 200 25 ___

Salient features of waste water used

• Sodium Adsorption Ratio is very important factor influencing the use of w/water on fields, it is an indicator of total amount of sodium which adhere with the soil surface and hence clogs the soil.

SAR is calculated by the formulae SAR = Na+ (ppm)/square root of(ca+ +mg+ ) /2

Our samples yielded an SAR value of 3.55 which may lead to a little problem after prolonged usage of waste water on the fields, but the value is well within the permissible minimum criteria.

• No special treatment is required for Reuse of w/water for irrigation purpose(Kopargaon) basic treatments will be sufficient .


Selection of Micro Irrigation• Subsurface lateral drip irrigation is used to minimize the evaporation losses on field and avert factors like soil accumulation and leaf spoilage due to excess metals.

• Water required for irrigation purpose of whole taluka in two seasons (excluding monsoon) is 1600 Million liters and we can produce 1800 Million liters /year of treated waste water.

• Efficiency of this system ranges from 60 to 65 % in most of the conditions.

• Investment for micro-irrigation system50% by C.G, 40 % by S.G and only 10 % is being paid by the farmers.optimal solution for water crisis in

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What have we earned• Present water demand can be fulfill by reducing losses through water supply pipe lines.

• To increase ground water level rain water harvesting can be done at proposed locations.

• Future water demand can be fulfill by supply of treated waste water for irrigation purpose.


Future Scope• To consider economy of solutions.

• To check hydrogeology of proposed site.

• To determine the quantity of rain water, which can be harvested.

• To carry out Cost benefit analysis of Rain Water Harvesting system for opted site.

• Set guidelines and solution, which can be effectively implemented for the areas having similar situation.

Conclusion

• Water is a vital element for survival, as it is not in abundance we need to save and manage it properly.

• In upcoming years water scarcity is expected to grow considerably and hence as part of the global India its our duty to conserve and avert all the causes of the crisis.


References• P.K. Parchure et al (2010)“Ground Water Information Ahmadnagar District

Maharashtra By, 1645/DBR/2010.

• Nicole Glass, “The Water Crisis in Yemen: Causes, Consequences and Solutions”, Global Majority E-Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1 (June 2010), pp. 17-30.

• Sunita R.Dandwate (2012), “Study of Physicochemical Parameters of Groundwater Quality of Kopargaon Area, Maharashtra State, India during Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon Seasons”, Department of Engineering Science (Physics) Sanjivani Rural Education Society, ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO, E-Journal of Chemistry 2012, 9(1), 15-20.

• Michael Zaide (2007) "Druoght and Aride Land Water Management” Government Focal Points Strategic Planning Engineer, Planning Division, Water Authority, Ministry of National Infrastructure, Israel.


• Huseyin Husnu Kayikcioglu “Short-term effects of irrigation with treated domestic wastewater on microbiological activity of a Vertic xerofluvent soil under Mediterranean conditions”, Journal of Environmental Management 102 (2012) 108-114.

• S. S. Madaeni et al (2006) “Reuse as a Solution for Water Shortage in

Iran”, The 2nd International Conf. on Water Resources & Arid Environment (2006).

• Jeena T Srinivasan et al “Wastewater Irrigation in India”, Research Unit for Livelihoods and Natural Resources Centre for Economic and Social Studies Nizamiah Observatory Campus Begumpet, Hyderabad.

• P.K. Singh et al (12 December 2011) “Effects of sewage wastewater

irrigation on soil properties, crop yield an environment”, Agricultural Water Management 103 (2012) 100– 104

• Raffaella Reitano (2011)“Water harvesting and water collection systems in Mediterranean area, the case of Malta”, University IUAV of Venice, Faculty of Architecture, Italy.optimal solution for water crisis

in Kopargaon town 42

• M.Y. Abdulraheem “Health Consideration In Using Treated Industrial

and Municipal Effluent For Irrigation”, Environment Protection Department, Ministry of Public Health, Kuwait.

• Prof C.L.Jejurkar et al (2012) “Rainwater Harvesting Structures - A Case Study”, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research / ISSN: 2250–3005.

• J.Mwenge Kahinda et al (2011) “Rainwater harvesting in South Africa: Challenges and opportunities”, CSIR, Natural Resources and Environment, Water Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Africa.

• Ali Abdullah Alderfasi (2009)“Agronomic and Economic Impacts of Reuse Secondary Treated Wastewater in Irrigation under Arid and Semi-Arid Regions”, World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5 (3): 369-374.

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Thank You


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