New topic – Levers – THIS IS HARD!
Learning Objective – To be able to demonstrate understanding of 3 types of levers, sporting examples and mechanical advantage• 5: I know the 3 classes of lever and know the 3 labels
found on a lever• 6-7: I can give a sporting example for all 3 types of
lever• 8-9: I can explain my own sporting examples clearly
labelling diagrams
Lever Systems
Lever systems are important in movement because they allow efficiency and force to be applied to the body’s movement.
Bones and muscles act together to form levers.
A lever is a rigid structure that turns about a pivot.
There a four parts to a lever such as the following:1. Lever arm (Acted by the bones)2. Fulcrum/Pivot (Acted by the joints)3. Effort (Provided by the muscles to move the load)4. Load (Weight of the body parts that are moved or forces
needed to lift, push or pull things)
There are 3 types of lever which are made up of key symbols, each representing the four parts of the lever discussed in the previous slide.Match the symbols below to the key word and descriptions:
Match the symbol to the correct key word and descriptionSymbol Key Word Description
LoadThe muscles used to move the load
EffortThe length of bone that turns about a pivot (the joint)
Fulcrum/Pivot The body's own weight or a piece of sporting equipment
Lever Arm The pivot that is the point of movement
3 types of Lever Systems
Typically what a lever looks like:
The 3 Levers are the following:
• First Class Lever• Second Class Lever• Third Class Lever
A helpful way to remember the classes of levers…
F L E1 2 3
1ST class has the fulcrum in the middle
2nd class has the load in the middle
3rd class has the effort in the middle
Which one is which?
Using FLE 123, which image represents each class of lever:
First Class Lever• Can increase effects of the
effort and speed of the body
Second Class Lever• Tends only to increase the
effect of the effort force
Third Class Lever• Can increase the speed of a
body
New topic – Levers – THIS IS HARD!
Learning Objective – To be able to demonstrate understanding of 3 types of levers, sporting examples and mechanical advantage• 5: I know the 3 classes of lever and know the 3 labels
found on a lever• 6-7: I can give a sporting example for all 3 types of
lever• 8-9: I can explain my own sporting examples clearly
labelling diagrams
Practical Examples-Neck, ankle and elbow
Looking at the images on your desk discuss with the person next to you and write down which lever system you think each of them belong to.
Do Now:
• Keep your books closed and fill out your worksheet to consolidate what we have learnt so far regarding lever systems.
• Use the table below to guide you. Match the answers below to the correct lever. Extension-Label the symbols in the lever
Type of Lever Description of Lever Practical Example
• 1st class lever • 2nd class lever• 3rd class lever
• Tends only to increase the effect of the effort force
• Can increase effects of the effort and speed of the body
• Can increase the speed of a body
• Ankle-Calf Raises• Neck-Header in
Football• Elbow-Bicep Curls
Green Pens:Lever Type of Lever System Description of Lever Practical Example
1st class lever
Can increase effects of the effort and speed of the body
Neck-Header in Football
2nd class lever
Tends only to increase the effect of the effort force
Ankle-Calf Raises
3rd class lever
Can increase the speed of a body
Elbow-Bicep Curls
Red arrow=LoadGreen Arrow=EffortTriangle=Fulcrum
1st class lever - eg. neck
Fulcrum – the joint where the action occursTHE NECK (TOP OF VERTEBRAE)
Load – the weight that is being lifted / movedTHE CRANIUM
Effort – the muscle that causes movementTHE TRAPEZIUS
2nd class lever – calf raises
Fulcrum – the joint where the action occursTHE METATARSOPHALANGEAL
Load – the weightthat is being lifted / moved / hitTHE BODY Effort – the
muscle that causes the movementTHE GASTROCNEMIUS
3rd class lever – bicep curl
Fulcrum – the joint where the action occursTHE ELBOW
Load – the weightthat is being lifted / movedTHE FOREARM
Effort – the muscle that causes the movementTHE BICEP
New topic – Levers – THIS IS HARD!
Learning Objective – To be able to demonstrate understanding of 3 types of levers, sporting examples and mechanical advantage• 5: I know the 3 classes of lever and know the 3 labels
found on a lever• 6-7: I can give a sporting example for all 3 types of
lever• 8-9: I can explain my own sporting examples clearly
labelling diagrams
1st Class Lever Explained
• The effort arrow is going up because the Trapezius is pulling on the neck.
• The load arrow is going down to represent the weight of the head
2nd Class Lever Explained
• The effort arrow is going up because the Gastrocnemius is pulling on the leg.
• The fulcrum is the ball of the foot
• The load arrow is going down to represent the weight of the body
• The effort arrow is going up because the bicep is pulling on the forearm.
• The fulcrum is at the elbow joint
• The load arrow is going down to represent the weight of the dumbbell and forearm.
3rd Class Lever Explained
TASK 3 answersCan you name other sporting examples for the following types of lever.1st Class (neck):
2nd Class (metatarsophalangeal):
3rd Class (elbow):
Mechanical Advantage
Mechanical Advantage:• 1st and 2nd class provide mechanical
advantage. • This means they allow you to move a large
output load with a smaller effort.• Load and effort are measured in Newtons• It is calculated by:• MA = Load /effort
New topic – Levers – THIS IS HARD!
Learning Objective – To be able to demonstrate understanding of 3 types of levers, sporting examples and mechanical advantage• 5: I know the 3 classes of lever and know the 3 labels
found on a lever• 6-7: I can give a sporting example for all 3 types of
lever• 8-9: I can explain my own sporting examples clearly
labelling diagrams
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