New topic – Levers – THIS IS HARD!

Learning Objective – To be able to demonstrate understanding of 3 types of levers, sporting examples and mechanical advantage• 5: I know the 3 classes of lever and know the 3 labels

found on a lever• 6-7: I can give a sporting example for all 3 types of

lever• 8-9: I can explain my own sporting examples clearly

labelling diagrams

Lever Systems

Lever systems are important in movement because they allow efficiency and force to be applied to the body’s movement.

Bones and muscles act together to form levers.

A lever is a rigid structure that turns about a pivot.

There a four parts to a lever such as the following:1. Lever arm (Acted by the bones)2. Fulcrum/Pivot (Acted by the joints)3. Effort (Provided by the muscles to move the load)4. Load (Weight of the body parts that are moved or forces

needed to lift, push or pull things)

There are 3 types of lever which are made up of key symbols, each representing the four parts of the lever discussed in the previous slide.Match the symbols below to the key word and descriptions:

Match the symbol to the correct key word and descriptionSymbol Key Word Description

LoadThe muscles used to move the load

EffortThe length of bone that turns about a pivot (the joint)

Fulcrum/Pivot The body's own weight or a piece of sporting equipment

Lever Arm The pivot that is the point of movement

3 types of Lever Systems

Typically what a lever looks like:

The 3 Levers are the following:

• First Class Lever• Second Class Lever• Third Class Lever

A helpful way to remember the classes of levers…

F L E1 2 3

1ST class has the fulcrum in the middle

2nd class has the load in the middle

3rd class has the effort in the middle

Which one is which?

Using FLE 123, which image represents each class of lever:

First Class Lever• Can increase effects of the

effort and speed of the body

Second Class Lever• Tends only to increase the

effect of the effort force

Third Class Lever• Can increase the speed of a

body

New topic – Levers – THIS IS HARD!

Learning Objective – To be able to demonstrate understanding of 3 types of levers, sporting examples and mechanical advantage• 5: I know the 3 classes of lever and know the 3 labels

found on a lever• 6-7: I can give a sporting example for all 3 types of

lever• 8-9: I can explain my own sporting examples clearly

labelling diagrams

Practical Examples-Neck, ankle and elbow

Looking at the images on your desk discuss with the person next to you and write down which lever system you think each of them belong to.

Do Now:

• Keep your books closed and fill out your worksheet to consolidate what we have learnt so far regarding lever systems.

• Use the table below to guide you. Match the answers below to the correct lever. Extension-Label the symbols in the lever

Type of Lever Description of Lever Practical Example

• 1st class lever • 2nd class lever• 3rd class lever

• Tends only to increase the effect of the effort force

• Can increase effects of the effort and speed of the body

• Can increase the speed of a body

• Ankle-Calf Raises• Neck-Header in

Football• Elbow-Bicep Curls

Green Pens:Lever Type of Lever System Description of Lever Practical Example

1st class lever

Can increase effects of the effort and speed of the body

Neck-Header in Football

2nd class lever

Tends only to increase the effect of the effort force

Ankle-Calf Raises

3rd class lever

Can increase the speed of a body

Elbow-Bicep Curls

Red arrow=LoadGreen Arrow=EffortTriangle=Fulcrum

1st class lever - eg. neck

Fulcrum – the joint where the action occursTHE NECK (TOP OF VERTEBRAE)

Load – the weight that is being lifted / movedTHE CRANIUM

Effort – the muscle that causes movementTHE TRAPEZIUS

2nd class lever – calf raises

Fulcrum – the joint where the action occursTHE METATARSOPHALANGEAL

Load – the weightthat is being lifted / moved / hitTHE BODY Effort – the

muscle that causes the movementTHE GASTROCNEMIUS

3rd class lever – bicep curl

Fulcrum – the joint where the action occursTHE ELBOW

Load – the weightthat is being lifted / movedTHE FOREARM

Effort – the muscle that causes the movementTHE BICEP

New topic – Levers – THIS IS HARD!

Learning Objective – To be able to demonstrate understanding of 3 types of levers, sporting examples and mechanical advantage• 5: I know the 3 classes of lever and know the 3 labels

found on a lever• 6-7: I can give a sporting example for all 3 types of

lever• 8-9: I can explain my own sporting examples clearly

labelling diagrams

1st Class Lever Explained

• The effort arrow is going up because the Trapezius is pulling on the neck.

• The load arrow is going down to represent the weight of the head

2nd Class Lever Explained

• The effort arrow is going up because the Gastrocnemius is pulling on the leg.

• The fulcrum is the ball of the foot

• The load arrow is going down to represent the weight of the body

• The effort arrow is going up because the bicep is pulling on the forearm.

• The fulcrum is at the elbow joint

• The load arrow is going down to represent the weight of the dumbbell and forearm.

3rd Class Lever Explained

TASK 3 answersCan you name other sporting examples for the following types of lever.1st Class (neck):

2nd Class (metatarsophalangeal):

3rd Class (elbow):

Mechanical Advantage

Mechanical Advantage:• 1st and 2nd class provide mechanical

advantage. • This means they allow you to move a large

output load with a smaller effort.• Load and effort are measured in Newtons• It is calculated by:• MA = Load /effort

New topic – Levers – THIS IS HARD!

Learning Objective – To be able to demonstrate understanding of 3 types of levers, sporting examples and mechanical advantage• 5: I know the 3 classes of lever and know the 3 labels

found on a lever• 6-7: I can give a sporting example for all 3 types of

lever• 8-9: I can explain my own sporting examples clearly

labelling diagrams