Digital LiteratureBeyond Atoms and Bits
Lic. Mariana FerrarelliUniversidad Nacional del Litoral, June
2012
“Por lo tanto, la cultura digital y su entorno siempre fluctuante deben examinarse como un conjunto de prácticas discursivas que tienen sus propias normas y convenciones, que tienden a debilitar y a perturbar las categorías y los valores establecidos.” (Doueihi; 2010)
a. Contexts
a. Historical Context 1: Modernity/PostmodernityModernity Progress & RationalityHierarchyMetanarratives: Marxism; Structuralism
Universal Theory which provides a unified schema (Lyotard; 1984)
a. Historical Context 2: Modernity/PostmodernityPostmodernity IrrationalityMultilinearityDestruction of Metanarratives
FragmentationLiquid Modernity (Bauman; 2005)
“Nowherevilles”
a. Social Context:Information SocietyInformation Society
Information Anxiety (Hurst; 2007)Noisy media environment3 options: Stress
RejectionBit literacy
MEDIA DIETActive Portfolio
a. Technological Context:New Media & Digital Natives Traditional Media: Controlled by adultsUnidirectionalHierarchical / Inflexible / Centralised
New Media: Allow for autonomyInteractive / Flexible
Children can inquire, discuss, play, shop, ridicule, inform themselves, interact
b. Digital Literature“I recently visited the headquarters of one of America's top five integrated circuit manufacturers. I was asked to sign in and, in the process, was asked whether I had a laptop computer with me. Of course I did. The receptionist asked for the model and serial number and for its value. "Roughly, between one and two million dollars," I said. "Oh, that cannot be, sir," she replied. "What do you mean? Let me see it." I showed her my old PowerBook and she estimated its value at $2,000. She wrote down that amount and I was allowed to enter the premises. The point is that while the atoms were not worth that much, the bits were almost priceless.”(Negroponte; 1995)
b. Digital Literature:Towards a (re)definition Material Support:
ATOMSBITS (Negroponte;
1995) Structure:
LINEARNON-LINEAR
PRINT Stable: unified / fixed Linear: Aristotelian plot Predictable Writer-centred: tyrannical / individual
Broadcast-like: univocal
Born digital Interactive Multimedia Multisensorial Unstable: fragmented / in motion Multilinear: multidirectional Writer & reader –centred: democratic / collective / participatory
p2p: Multivocal / Maze-like Screen: note - link Unpredictable: Hypertext as Rhizome (Landow; 2006)
DIGITAL
Multiple layers of meaning:
Verbal Language Images (photographs & drawings)Use of colourLightCamera ShotsMovementAnimationSound (diegetic & non-diegetic)
DIGITAL
"Con la cibercultura el lugar de la obra se dispersa. Los roles se reconfiguran y ya no se puede hablar de un escritor y de un lector como entidades separadas, sino de un escrilector, alguien que despliega una inteligencia colectiva y produce sus propios textos en forma casi simultánea con su recepción". Jaime Alejandro Rodríguez Ruiz (2003)
c. Social Practices
“The medium is the message“Wheel CameraNew Technologies
Social PracticesWriting ReadingEducation
c. Social Practices
Transference of authorial power
Shared with Reader & Programmer
Eroded role
Collaborative Writing (Text, image, sound & animation)
c. Social Practices: Writing
Active / Intrusive role - PROSUMER
Merging with Writer’s role Personal & Individual
BUT ALSO Social & Collective Site of choice & empowerment
c. Social Practices: Reading
Learner-centred classroom
P Professions Teacher as facilitator & CURATOR
http://digilit-reflections.posterous.com/http://electronic-art-forms.posterous.com/
c. Social Practices: Education
d. Sample Texts Luke’s Message, by Kate Pullinger & Cris Joseph
Paths Crossing, by Kate Pullinger, Cris Joseph & participants
Entre Ville, by J. R. Carpenter These waves of girls, by Caitlin Fisher
Gone Fishing, by Paul Seymour & Noya Miller
Sources & CreditsBarthes, B. (1971), “From work to text” in Modern Literary Theory, Ed. Philip
Rice and P. Waugh. London, E Arnold.Bauman, Z. (2005), Modernidad Líquida, Bs. As. FCE.Foucault, M.(1979), “What Is an Author?”, en Textual Strategies: Perspectives in
Post-Structuralist Criticism, J.V. Harari(comp.), Ithaca, Nueva York, Cornell University Press, pp. 141-160.
Genette, G.(1989): Palimpsestos. La literatura en segundo grado, Madrid, Taurus.Hurst, M. (2007) Bit Literacy (Kindle Edition)Landow, G. (2006), Hypertext 3.0. Critical Theory and new media in an era of globalization,
Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.Lyotard, F. (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press. Negroponte, N. (1995) Being Digital.Piscitelli, A. (2001) El Paréntesis de Gutenberg. La religión digital en la era de las
pantallas ubicuas. Bs As. Santillana.Rodríguez Ruiz J. A. (2003) El Relato Digital. La escrilectura.
http://www.javeriana.edu.co/relato_digital Schreibman, S. & Siemens, R. (2008) A Companion to Digital Literary Studies,
Oxford: Blackwell.
www. urbagram.net ; www. theatlantic.com : www. futureofthebook.org www.flora.dempstercountry.org ; www. lordalford.com ;
www.ublawcso.wordpress.com www. rustyparts.com ; www. outandemployed.wordpress.com www. afamousartist.com
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