Zigzagged: Ripped to bits, torn to shreds

Zigzagged: Ripped to bits, torn to shreds

著者 Joff　Peter Norman　Bradleyjournal orpublication title

dialogos

number 14page range 83-106year 2014-02URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1060/00006639/

Creative Commons : 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.ja

83

Zigzagged:Rippedtobits,torntoshreds

JoffPeterNormanBradley

Abstract

Inthispaperlendeavourtoexplorethetropesof6tearing'andthe｡veil'.

Throughananalysisofmodemistliteratureandpoetry(D.H.Lawrence)and

philosophy(WilliamJames,DeleuzeandGuattari,HegelandHeidegger),this

paperexplorestheideasofripping,tearingandslittingtherent.Whilethisfbrthe

mostpartmayappeararatherstrangechoiceoftopic,itisintimatelyboundtothe

intellecmalhistoryoftheearlypartofthe20'hcenturyandtothenaturaldisasters

whichblighttheplanet.Atthecentreoftheanalysisisaconsiderationofchaosand

crisis.ThecruxofthematterpertainstothenotionoftheveilandZe〃j“e"he〃

ortearinginseveraloftheafbrementionedwriters.'hthefirstpartofthepaper,

thenotionoftearingisexplicateduponthroughaninitialexaminationof'Mlliam

JameyderivednotionofZe〃j”e"ﾙe"befbreconsideringD.H.Lawrence.The

paperconcludeswithanexaminationorHegelandHeideggerandadiscussionof

whythediscussionistimely.

Keywords:〃〃畑e"ﾙe",Hegel,D.H.Lawrence,literature,veil,poetry

Zigzagged

AwitnesstothementalanguishwhichbesetSanFranciscansafierthe

7.9-magnitudeearthquakedevastatedtheBayAreaonAprill8th,1906,William

84 JoffPeterNonnanBradley

James(1842-1910),inanalysingthepsychosocialeffectsoftheearthquake,

exploredmanisinnerfiagmentationinthewakeofsuchamomentousnatural

event.Inachapterentitled@OnSomeMentalEffectsoftheEarthquake'in

Mを加o"“α〃S"肋es(1911),2theAmericanpsychologistandphilosophernoted

akindofkineticempathyamongstthesurvivors,a@rapidityoftheimprovisation

oforderoutofchaos、tocreateorderoutofchao3.Amidstthedestructionthat

theearthquakeunleashed,JamesdetectedastrOngsenseofcamaraderieanda

renewedsenseofhope,auniversalequanimity,orwhathecalledakindofheroism

assurvivorsekedoutanewbeginningfromamidsttheruins.Inhimselfand

others,Jamesfbundnotraceoffearassuch,butonlyaGpuredelightandwelcome'

astheearthquakeunleasheditsalmightynaturalpower・Recordingasenseof

Gnervousexcitement'amongthosebearingwitnesstothetremor､hediscemed@the

passionatedesirefbrsympatheticcommunication'.Hediscernedauniversalsense

ofcheerfillness,a｡steadfastnessoftone',and廿omtheexperienceconcludedby

speakingupfbrthecommonestman,declaringthatsuchmenwillgoonthriving,

Gsinglyandcollectively',displayingan$admirablefbrtimdeoftemper'.Despitethe

gravityofthedevastation,James,accordingtohisbiographerRichardson(2006),

inthelatterdaysofhislife,learnedmuch廿omthisexperience,andadopted,in

thelastinstance,aphilosophyoflifethataffirmed｡chaos,cataclysm,change,

Zど〃畑e"ﾙe"(brokenness),impulse,andchance'.Moreover,inhisyouth,James,

likesomanyofusperllaps,wasaHlictedby@aconstimtionaldisease'fomwhich

hesufferedgreatly.Hecalledthis〃〃伽e"〃e"ortorn-to-pieces-hood,deriving

thetermfiomGermanphilosophyOnthematterofyouthandtorn-to-pieces-hood,

Jameswrites:

恥加veα〃た"ow"//iqrexpe"e"ce,./br/o6eル"mα〃/S/Oたe/α〃伽鄙成w庇臥

かαα"だα〃此α加α伽ze〃α"ec伽"s…α"droyeqr"/brsere"叩/b7so"7e

Zigzagged:Rippedtobits,tomtoshreds 85

'"e"戒"gQ/oz"'/or"-"p/eces-/7ooci'

Rippedtobits,torntoshreds,JameWsdaysarebroken｡inpurezigzagand

interruption'.Onthematterofthezigzag,thesenseofawildnightofideasor

rhapsodyofperceptionsinEFsc加加Ra成cQ/E'"p脚c畑"(1912/1990)isdescribed

as:@Mererestlesszigzagmovement,orawildMbe城"c/i/,orRﾙ叩sod/eder

〃b〃"eﾙm""ge".'3Hisearlylifeoneof<zigzagvoyages'-tornandsevered

throughout・Yet,itisthroughtheveryexperienceof〃〃応se"ﾙe"thatJameshnds

thepossibilityofmetamomhosis;fbritisinhopeandredemptionthatchaosand

despairare,ashesays6severedlikecobwebs,brokenlikebubbleg.

FantaSiaOftheunconsciouS:4""-0α加"sandD.H.Lawrence

777e/"kQ/SC/"zOα"αlysisgoeshywqyQMes""C"O〃‐αw/7o/esco"""gqﾊﾙe

""co"scjo"s,Qco'"p/e/eα"｡e"age.Des"･qyOedjp"s,//iei//"s/o"Q///'eego,

/ﾙe〃〃e/QMies"e'弓ego,g"/",/he/α州cas"α"o".〃js〃o/α'"α"erQ/p/o"s

火s""c伽"s,s"c/i"//iosepeﾉb""'edhy"yc/70α"α恥/s〃"娩旅hebe"evo/e"/

"e""α/eyeQf//7eα"αlys/.(DeleuzeandGuattari,1977/1983)

O2""Ws/o",o"'･"7α叩ﾉりﾉs/cWsweα""gwoe/iｨ"W〃",α〃/ﾙeα〃13weα""g

"6so/"/e/V/ﾙ'でα助α形.恥加ve"ojiｨ""℃.･"e"/ie'･jbroz〃/7叩es〃oro"rαﾉ脚s〃oγ

o"rα".〃ﾙ“α〃go"eg/Eyq"叩α9"e."e'vego//o"//7eo"'ﾉe//Q/qvMo"

qcmss,Q"万"dw加/oI"/7eα〃'でα"1'6e//evesj",q/iera"霞･q"dw/7q//ﾉ'eﾉ7eα〃

肥α"vwα"応/b'/〃e"ex/ji!""℃…Rjp//ieve"Q/r/7eo/dvMo〃αcmss,q"dwq/h

ﾉﾉ”"g伽ﾙeだ"/.(D.HLawrence,1922/2004)


IntheprefacetoR7"rasjaQMeU>7co"scjo"s,writmgmthemannerbefittmg

theroleofavisionary,ametaphysicalandiconoclasticthinker,amanatodds

withhisage,D.H・Lawrencebeseecheshisreaders･toriptheveiloftheoldvision

acrossandwalkthroughtherent'.Writingtosubvertthepetrifyingtendencies

ofmodemlife,DH.Lawrencefindsinheringinartananti-civilandbourgeois

impulse・Onthispoint,andbemoaningthelossofbeliefintheworld､hewritesin

thefbrwardtohis肋"/“jaQr/ﾉ?eU"co"scio"s(p.vii):

Mｾ"/舵α〃s“αCCC城"g/oso"feg""α"y"ve/叩/"gα"‘/〃α伽α/かw"〃e""9

V加o"・肋なv航o"exな応αなo“αの"α〃c枕αoγ碗α"/Wc-emな/肺jα”"c〃．

剛e〃〃js〃"/b/伽J伽o/旅α”α".O"′v航o",o"'･be//g/;o!〃碗e/"/iys/cis

weα""gwog/iM"W〃加α"伽〃eα〃Isweα""gq6so/"/ely/ﾙ花α肋α形.恥ルave〃o

ん/"7e,."e肋α/b'-oz"ル叩es〃o7oz〃αIms〃o7oz〃α".〃ル“α〃go"e〃叩aM

Opq9"e.

Readersareenticedtocasttheireyesbeyondfabricationandartifce,toripaway

theoldveil,tofind6whattheheartreallybelievesm'.Butmorethanhs,inanact

ofprovocation,theyarecalledupontoriptheveiloftheoldvision@completely'

andto@walkthroughtherent'.4Ranmgagamststasisandaffirmmgthecreativity

whichcanemerge廿omchaos,heasserts:

β"/"Or〃"gw///ever9"e"cルル"〃α"脚α"d/"加加α〃pore""α"〃rOeVOんe

so”e〃"g"Zag刀旅e"roz"qf"""e''ﾉeachαos.I伽刀a6e/伽e加evo/"伽",伽〃〃

r/ies"""ge"essα"〃α加加w‐c加"geqfeve"-'℃"ewedc形α"vecM/加"o"s.(1922,

p.9)

AfierremarksontheearlyreceptionofFreudinFql"""Q/､/〃e[/"co"sc肋ｲsand

Zigzagged:Rippedtobits,torntoshreds 87

PWc肋α"αん油α"d/ﾉ7eU"co"sc/o2/s(1922),Lawrencewrites@ChaosinPoetry'

in1928,publishedayearlaterinDecember..ChaosinPoetry'wasprintedin

GExchangeWasanintroductiontoAmericanHarryCrosby'svolumeofpoetry

Cﾙα"o/Q//ﾉ7eS"〃Crosby,aworkwhichdwelledonthesymbolismofthesun

andexploredthemesofdeathandsuicide.Inthiswork,theroleofthepoetand

hisrelationtotruthandchaosarediscussedindetail.Inlivingwithin.astrange

andfbrever-surgingchaod,Lawrenceinsistsmancomestoknowakeydifference

betweenhisownspeciesandtheanimals.MuchlikeRussianphilosopher

AlexandreKmeve'sview(1902-1968),whogavehisfamouslecturesonHegelin

thel930s,attendedbySartreandBatailleamongothernotaries,Lawrencestated

thatwhileanimalsarecontentwiththechaos,fbrtheyknownothingelse,man

cannotendureorabidebysuchastateofaffairs.Tosurvivethisanarchyman

wrapshimselfinvisions,moralcowardice,falsevisions;constructseverlasting

tales,simulacra,andmakes@ahouseofapparentfbrmandstability,fixity'.

Terrifiedofchaos,manerectsanumbrellabetweenhimselfand､theeverlasting

whirl'.ThisisnecessarylestthemadhousebeckonsorwedescendfUrtherintothe

lnlre・

Whatispaintedontheunder-sideofhisumbrellaisafirmament,the

archandexpanseofthesky.Blissfilllyignorantofthewildchaosbeyondthe

protectivedomeorvault,@manparadesaround,livesanddiesunderhisumbrella';

unconcemedwiththeother-worldlystrife.Forthepoetthiscannotlast､Thepoet

cannotabidebythishorrorastheunder-sideoftheparasol-withtime-eventually

mrnsbleachedandstified;thesmulacrumlosesitsbeautyandpoweroffalsity､n

turnsnihilistic.Theconsequence:lifebecomesstalewhenuntruthsmetamorphose

intoentrenchedfact.Facinguptotheterrorofthispossibility,andalwaysalready

6anenemyofconvention',thepoetmakesaslitintheumbrella.Hecallsfbranew

恥加祁c加"""g-anunprecedentedworldview,adifferingcomportmenttothe

88 JoffPeterNormanBradley

world,acommitmenttoman9"αmanorapeopleyettocome.

Thepoetagitates-ushersinalittlechaosintoman'sheartsandminds.

Consequently,fromthisbraveact,Lawrence's･commonplace'mancatches

aglimpseofchaos、through･awindowtothesun'、Yet,whencetumedintoa

genuinedraught,theglimpseprovestoomuchaschaospulverisesthesoulof

thecommonplaceman.A廿aidofthechaos,he｡daubsasimulacrum'overthe

windowthatsurveysthedisorder・Theumbrellaispatchedoverwith､thepainted

patchofthesimulacrum'.Thevisionbecomesahouse-decoration,@a廿esco

onavaultedroof'.Theglowingopenfirmament9"αsimulacrumisfbrmedin

cinnumerablepatcheg.Atthismoment,itappearsasifLawrence'svisionshares

aresemblancetoJeanBaudrillard'spostmodernnightmareoftheendofthereal

andthereignofthesimulacra.ButwhileBaudrillardbemoanstheimplosionof

therealinhisdarkermoments,Lawrencehasthepoetactasqge"rpmvocqre",

fbreverpreparedtoexposemantothechaosofthereal.Moreover,Lawrence

differscruciallyftomthenihilismofBaudrillardbyassertingthatthepoethas

accesstotherealandassuchhasarole,nayduty,tomakeslitsto｡theopenand

windychaoT.Inapemetualstateofunrest,theunbearablemustbecon廿onted

andexperiencedevenfbrthemostsatiated,commonplaceman.Confiontedwith

amechanisedandimpersonalmodernity,acivilisationfar廿omthe｡true'meaning

ofitsname,Lawrencebemoansthefactthatchaosisallbeshutout.5Thisconcern

alsoappearedinhisfirstnove1,77ie〃ﾙ"e〃αcock,inwhichLawrencehasthe

characterAnnabledescribecivilisationa;thepaintedfilngusofrottennes9.

AccordingtoHenlyMiller(1980,p､248),Annableisthe､filndamental,potential

ofLawrence,theideal-heroimageofhimself',anay-sayertoanysignofculmre.

LawrencespeaksthroughAnnable.

Theumbrellaunwielding,theumbrellaabsolute,thestorytooencompassing,

thevisiontooattractiveandseductive,thepatchesandplastertootightandhard-


theslitnomore.ChaosmbematesasnostalgiauntilsomeeterrificwindblowSthe

umbrellatoribbons,andmuchofmankindtooblivion'.Lawrencewrites(2005,

p.lll):"Therestwillshiverinthemidstofchaos.Forchaosisalwaysthere,and

alwayswillbe,nomatterhowweputupumbrellasofvisions.''1nsumma:Poets

renectandconveythisinwarddesireofmankind,thedesirefbrchaos,andin

themselvespossessthecouragetoembracetheirfears.Thedesirefbrchaosisthe

breathandlifeofpoetryandalltruepoetryi3mostsubtlyandsensitivelychaotic,

outlawed'(2005,p.lll),thusspokeLawrence.

6ChaosinPoetry'iscitedintheconcludingchapterofDeleuzeandGuattari's

〃ﾙα〃sPMos叩ﾉ城（1994).CommentingonLawrence's‘violentlypoetictext，

(1994,p.203),andusedprincipallyinadiscussionoverthedifferentiationofthe

threedomainsofthinking:philosophy,science,andart,Deleuze6andGuattari

agreewithLawrenceandfinditisartistsmdwriters,whommakmgslitsmthe

umbrella@tearopen'thefirmamentandexposethoseshelteringtothe@廿eeand

windychaos'.7YetDeleuzeandGuattariwamofthisover-exposuretochaosin

philosophy,science,andart,廿omthosewhoarebenton､violently'tearingopen

thefirmamentwithoutasecondthought.ForDeleuzeandGuattari,inorderto

extricateoneself廿omthenihilismofthisfbnnofchaos,oneneedsamodicum

ofconsistencytowardoffthedangers.Putanotherway,toavoid,accordingto

Hallward(2006,p.109),those@searingboltsofcreativitythattearthroughus,

throughanyoneandeveryone'.Oneneedsalittlelandtofallbackupon.With

Guattari,Deleuzeinsistsupon｡alittleordertoprotectusfiFomchaog.One

mustlearnhowtoenduretheemptinessofBlanchot'seSpqce〃〃”α〃eorthe

'exhaustion!thatDeleuzeattributestoBeckett.Artistsbecome.Thatistheirnature.

Theirwildnature.Chaosistheimpersonal.ItisAnglo-Americanwriterswho

knowhowtoescape,howtoexperimentwithchaos,tofindalittleshelter,toHee

廿omthequotidianandthedomestic・DeleuzeandGuattariwrite:

90 JofTPeterNonnanBradley

ルo胴〃と"てfyroLqwだ"Ce,/知"7Me/v///e/oA"/eK/"esα"7ecﾊﾉ〃"邸oz"..go

αc'りss,gero"6花α肺ﾉ”"g〃血w伽/〃ice？鮒/hep"ceqfq6eco〃"g-α"伽αノリ

q6eco""gr/7Owe7o7･roc応α"6eyo""'",q@g"α"gebeco"""g-i"ﾌe7cql肋ノセ…

Miller'sworkechoesmuchofthesamespiritofLawrence'sdefinitionoftheartist

Hewritesthattheartistisalwaysagainstfbnn(1980.p.242),adding:

/Hﾉe/sq/wqy8α〃jco"oc/"/becα"se/Iere9""esc"oso"/Qfw/7/c"oes"〃杣

oJttrα耐加『碗o岬一ル/so/て〃ルjs/jq/w70"yLMe〃"かc花α伽e加成v〃"αん,6e

//7GWﾌoe/s,/7emes,pﾉりp舵応,SqI"応,加veα/wqWbee"/"/-s"7"ﾉ7"s,α/wqysbee"

/h"α"cα〃"CO'"pmm伽"gα"α'℃ﾙﾉc,α伽o'mqﾉ;〃rﾙo/Ogic,ctge"em/ei/yo"/伽．

DiscussingLawrence'sparagonofthepoet-artist,Millerimpressivelydescribes

thevisionofwalkingthroughtherent,imaginingtheanteriorworldlefibehind.

Heisalone.Assuch,itisthisveilofillusionwhichmustbetomtobits,which

givestheartisthis""o""'e"e.Millercontinuesbysayingthattheveilsconceal

endlessothers:"[I]nsunderingtheveilhegivesushisart.Butwhenhehastom

theveilitisonlytodiscovernewveils.Thatishismissiontotearasundertheveils

inordertorevealnewveils.''Thereisnorespitefromtheendless,violent,task.

IntheprefacetoFannyDeleuze'sFrenchtranslationofLawrence's

4脚cα卯se,entitledGNietzscheandSaint-Paul､LawrenceandJohnofPatmo3,8

LawrenceisnamedbyDeleuzeinthesamebreathalongsideSpinozaand

Nietzsche,asawriterwhopeeksbeyondthefirmamem.AccordmgtoBuchanan

inhisessay<Deleuzeandhissources:ResponsetoAnneleenMasschelein'(Ross,

2009),thisisbecauseDeleuzetreatsLawrence,likeSpinozaandNietzsche,as

asymptomatologistoftheage・Asacriticofthemodemityofhisday,Lawrence

writesthenovelsofSpinozism-aconcernwiththecomoreal,withaffect,with


whatthebodycα"血withwhatproducessadnessandjoy.

ItisthroughDeleuze'sreadingofLawrence's｡unhinged'works,according

toMasschelein(Ross,p.24)thatthelatterisknittedwithinaharlequincanonof

uncannywriters,nestedalongsidenotonlyEnglishandAmericannovelistsbut

EuropeanwriterssuchasH61derlin,Kleist,Kafka.Intemaltothiscanon,thereis

muchcross-fertilisationbetweenphilosophyandart,philosophyandliteramre-a

becomingonefbrtheother.Detennineda､hybrid'genius-Lawrenceconiuresup

an@athleticism'andraisesMbだ"cetonewlevelsofexperimentation.Artistsand

poetsknowhowtoinstallthemselveswithinthisverydifferenceandchaos.Such

Ghybrid'geniusesarefimambulists-acrobats@tornapartinashowofstrength'-

throughanexcessofstrength(DeleuzeandGuattari,1994,p.67).

ReferencestoLawrencearescatteredthroughoutDeleuzeandGuattari's

oe"wne.Forexample,in"""-0edjp"s(1983)itisnotFreudwhoisconsidered

possessingan6accurateview'ofsexualitybutLawrenceandMiller.Thevision

(2004,p.l5)ofthetrueunconsciousinLawrence'swritingsisthesitethrough

which@lifebubblesupinus,priortoanymentality'.In@ToHaveDonewith

Judgment',Lawrence'smodelofthebodyiscomparedtoDeleuze'sownnotion

ofthe｡bodywithoutorgans'-derivedfieomAntoninArtaud-thatistosay,thesite

oftheafbrementioned｡affectiveAthleticism'.Indeed,DeleuzeandGuattariadopt

Lawrence'ssloganofthe&dirtylittlesecret'(1977/1983,p.49),tocritiquethe

rigidtriangulationandsuffbcationofdesireinpsychoanalysis.Lawrenceissingled

outasawriterwhothinksofthehealthofthesuMectwhoistorninalldirections,

throughsquaringuptothedeath-in-lifeofmodemcivilisation.Whatlittlehealth

ispossessedisofientoo廿agile,notbecauseofillnessesorneurosesp"sebut

becausesomethinginlifeprovestoomuchtobearwimessto,orhasembraced@the

quietmarkofdeath'(1996,p.172).

Tosummarise,inhiscritiqueofmoderncivilisation,ofwhichtheopposition


tothestraightiacketofFreudianconceptsfindsacentralplace,Lawrencewrites

agamstthemaladyofsuhjectivityofwhichmantoilsunderandwhichsmpefies

man,makes"smodemsa･ghastlysimulacrumoflife',whichshutsouteﾉ℃s.Such

acultureisalwaysalreadyonthevergeofselfdestruction.Thetychicpoetin

tearingatthefabricofthefalse,aHirmsanapocalypticvisionofchaos,tumultand

change.9Herestoresspontaneitytotheworld,howeverimpennanently.Thepoet

andtheartistseethatrealityitselfischaotic.Theproblemiscivilisationdisguises

suchchaos.Ultimatelylitbehovesthepoettotranscendthepresentstateofaffairs,

tospeakagainstthehorrorsoftheworldandtoimagineaworldyettocome.

Chaosmosis

htheirownway,Lawrence'stextsreHectthestruggleagamstopmionand

clich6;theyresistthesayablethatprotectsagainstthechaos.Itisperhapsbetter

putlikethis:ifpoetsandartistsarethoseenemiesofconventionwhotearopenthe

firmamem,itisthecrowdofimtatorsfomtheconnnlncationmdustrieswhich

patchovertherentwithhearsay,the｡clich63ofopinion,order-words(Deleuze

andGuattari,1996,p,204).IimagineLawrencesidingwithDeleuzeandGuattari

incondemningtheabuseofreasonandtruth加o""y.

Iftheunspeakableinnerchaoscanbemi汀oredinconsciousness,mind,and

evencivilisation,(Lawrence,1964,p.255),isthisnotthedescriptionofthestate

ofZE〃/”e""e〃pqr.exce此"Ce？Elsewhere,Deleuzesaysweneedcircuitbreakers，

vacuolesofnon-communicationtochallengetherisinghegemonyofcliche.Asa

philosopherand-Iwouldargue-himselfasymptamologistoftheage,Deleuze

isprimarilyconcernedwiththose廿ailsoulswhoexertastrangedespair,those

peoplebesetonapathofimmolationbutwhoareblessedwithapowerandspirit

thatconfbunds-thatresists-thatcallsfbrothers,fbrapeopleyetcome.The


BodywithoutOrgans(BwO)isconstructedusingLawrence'sliteraturebecauseit

ishewhoGpaintsthepictureofsuchabody,withthesunandthemoonasitspoles,

withitssections,anditsplexuser(Deleuzel997,p.131).Lawrence'scharacters

expressthisout-ofLsynchconnectiontotheworld.Deleuzewrites:

Lawre"ceceqse/ess/ydesc"bes伽αﾉ“／加／α'eo堰α"jca"yde/をα〃eor

""α"γαα加一ノル的ejbr"r舵伽oreα"oγoγ油esk加剛o〃Mex/cα"ge"eγαノー加r

r加rα”"o"αheﾉess""v"sedhW肋加e郷ev伽"〃r加M2/iesoﾉ君α妬α”""伽“

ﾉﾙe"．o堰α"jsα"o".(Deleuze,1997,p.131)

ItisherethatBuchanan(2006)makesastrongargumentthatDeleuzehimself

shouldbereadclinically,withsourcessuchasLawrence,WolfSon,Artaud,

readassymptomatologistsoftheage,specificallyofmentalillnesses,andof

modemity.TheretreattotheBwO,whenintensitiescongealand廿eezeover,isthe

〃〃畑e"he"ofsubjeCtivity,thetearingawayofthereal.HereLawrencehelpsus

tounderstandtheproductionoftheBwObecausehisfantasiasoftheunconscious

are(preciselyexamplesoftheworldseenthroughthelensoftheBwOratherthan

theego'(Ross,p.47)｡

4伽0/"花〃ZE〃応“"んe〃

Inhisdiscussionofselfalienatedspiritandcultureinhismajesticand

world-shatteringP/7e"o"7e"o/ogVQ/助"〃(1807/1977),HegelwritesofaSpirit

tomasunderandasumecttorntoshreds,sufferingatoilingandnaggingdespair:

Describedasthe､feelingthatithasbeenrolleduponthewheelthroughallV

thestagesofitsexistenceandthatitseverybonehasbeenshattered'(ZiZeke/

α/,2011,p.l42),HegelinthePreface(p.19)famouslydiscussesthissenseof


dismembennentorZe〃jsse"〃e".Hedescribesitthus

""oW/"/旋呼助"〃な〃o冗加//旅w"cﾉi耐かjg"e"edQf""ﾉ',α〃叩α'でs姉e〃

伽s""c伽",伽〃加//旅w"cルα”"mes""ﾉﾉα"d//vesw肋〃.助"〃α"α伽飾

〃"j〃o"bﾉ帥/加加g伽〃加α6so/"redな"e"16e7"1e"r.かな〃O//加/"of！igio"

pow"hyl)e加g/ﾉiePos"舵r〃α〃"'"sqwqy/加加/ﾙeJveg"ve,"w/ie"wes"Qf

”碗αﾙﾉ"9./ﾙなな〃o〃"goγ倣芯iWhkea凧ルαw"g伽"sﾉ的sposedq/必加”

/;℃加油e”/o”me伽"gelFe;"o,Sp"〃応r加/〃w〃o"か/o//iecたg′でe/"w/7jcル〃

CO"た"""esr/ieﾉv2gα"ve/bce/o/ZMce(""の〃we/ZFw"〃〃.Tﾙなpm/り"gedsqjow"

j”舵加qg/cαノル”ewﾙﾉc〃〃α"叩oses//ie"ega伽e加rogive"-Be加9.10

ForHegel,spiritwinsitstruthonlywhenitcountenancesthenegativeface-to-

face,andtaITyingwithit-andstayingput,convertsitintobeing・''ZE〃肺e"ﾙe〃

signifiesthesenseofinnerhagmemationandbewildermematatimeofpassage

fromoldtonew,atatimecon廿ontingdeathandnegativity,atthetimeofyouthin

thecaseofJames.Fromtheviolenceofdismembennentthereisaremembering・In

otherwords,itisthe@absoluteliquefactionofeverythingstable'ofwhichKQjeve

speaks.'2hthefightfbrrecognition,theslaveexperiencesatotaldissolmionof

idemityandasweknowmthePreface,Geistonlyfindstruthmabsolmelaceration

orutter晩〃伽e"ﾙe〃(伽eql)so/"/e"Zｾ〃畑e"ﾉie").46so/"re"ZE〃伽e"ﾙe"isthat

absolutetearing,disruptionandsplitting,withZｾ〃畑e"ﾉie"'3Signifyingatearing,

rending,breaking,laceration,rupture,mutilation,ofishredding'and1tearing'.

Originaldismemberment

Atfirstglanceandfbrthemostpart,thereisacleardifferencebetween

theutterdiSmembermentofHegelandBataille's"c〃〃"reo"g加e//e(inner


experience,originaldismemberment).WrittenwithKQieveinmind,theessay

GHegel,DeathandSacrifice'byBatailleclaimsthatHegel'snnnmationofdeath

hasanotherside;itunveilsanothertruth.ForBataille,itisinsacrificethatallows

onetomdoneselfmabsolutedismembennem・ContraHegel'ssenseofabsolute

dismembennent,Bataille'stakeonthe､intimatemovementofnegativity'canbe

seenasakindofjoyfillabandonment.Thisisajoythat&tearsoneapart'inanguish.

hsacdfice,ormanymtmateaH油,mdividualsmusttearopentheir､selves'and

annultheirSelfenclosureinordertofbnncommunity.Batailleclaimsthathuman

beingsareneverunitedwitheachother@exceptthroughtearsorwounds',or

nakedness・Heargues:

〃ﾙe〃e/eme"応α〃α"ger/7e"se/ves/ocreq/erﾉ7ew/io/e,/ﾙﾉs/se""yprod"ced

wﾙe〃eac/iqf//iem/oses,/"ozIgルareα〃〃施伽eg"軌α伽'伽〃Q/"s""/c"/”

舵/"g/b""ebe"e/i/q///ieco"'〃""α/be/"g･加加加"s,"c"ces,α〃たs"vqjs

jE"ese"""s/s"c〃〃o"ze""Q/7oss""dcom"7""/cα伽〃I)erwee"/"伽v肋ｲαIs.'4

Thel皿tyofthe･I'istomapartmthedesiretohndanotherbemgfbroneistom

apartbyloveandonlyfindsoneself@intheunityoflove'(seeSweedler,2009,

p.ll6).ForBataille,thereisnocommunicationmoreprofbund,thantwobeings

Iost･inaconvulsionthatbindsthemtogether'.Communicantstearthemselves

apartinordertocreateadifferentialrelationtobeing.Understanding("rs/α"庇s)

thuscarriesthe@tremendouspowerofthenegative'.Itisthroughafault,atear,

arip,orawoundthatone6communicategwithalterity.Loverscommunicate

throughwounds.Twobeingscommunicatewitheachotherthrough@hiddenrentg

[C/ec〃伽escac〃eex].InBataille'sL"era""eq"dEv//(1973),itisthissense

ofnakednessthatone伽dsmliterature.Ashesays,thepracticeofwritmgand

readingisakintoaneroticpractice:literatureanderoticismareutterlyinseparable.


Literatureiscommunicationwiththelattertennunderstoodas:feltasnakednesg

bybothwriterandreader,withthewriter'swoundexposedtothelatter.

OnecouldsayinthesameveinasJamesthat〃〃伽e"ﾙe"istheconditionin

whichtheyoungHegelwaslefidebilitated.InastatementaboutthegreatGennan

philosopherandhissystembuilding,BatailleclaimsHegeldescribesapersonal

momentofviolence.HesaysthatfbrtheyoungHegel,thethirstfbrclosureand

completenesstookhimtothebrinkofhimselfBatailleimaginestheyoungHegel

touchingtheextreme,theverysinewsandvisceraofthought.Madnessthen

mightbeconsideredacompletedismembennentoftheselfltisthetonnentof

beingtorn.ForBataille,Hegelgraspedtheimpossibilityofunity,sawthesubject

belabouredbyananoriginaltearbAndindeed,letusalsoremindourselvesthatat

theendofthelastlectureofhisl939course,KQjeve(1969,p.168),spokeofa

periodof@completedepression'inHegel'slifeinhislate20s,ofa6hypochondria'

sodebilitatingasto@paralyseallhispowerg.Thedepressionstemmed6precisely

廿omthefactthathecouldnotacceptthenecessaryabandonmentofindividuality

-thatis,acmally,0fhumanity-whichtheideaofabsoluteKnowledgedemanded'

(p.168).Inapassage廿omHegel'sessay肋肋α"K"owIe"e(1801),KQjeve

citesthefbllowing:"AllthegnatsofSubjectivityarebumedinthisdevouring

Hameandtheveryconsciousnessofhsgivmg-ofLoneselfandofthisaI血hilation

isannihilated."Finally,KQjeveremarksthatHegelsunnountshis.hypochondria'

-onecouldsayhisZど〃isse"んe"-andreconcileshimselfwithallthatisandhas

been;heclosesoffthesystem,annulsa城e伽"gandheraldingtheendofhistory

thesisinsists.therewillnevermorebeanythingnewonearth'.

AholeinHeidegger'ssocks

ContrathewilltofixtheremfbundmLawrence,Heideggermsiststhatthe


willtoclosethewound,patchoverthegapmgvoid､tofixtherentisdoomedto

failure.Tもaringremainsandmustremainasitisintheonlyinthetearingthatthe

unitycanappear.

Ze"/sse"舵〃,itcanbeassumed,signifiestheconveyingofasenseof

tomness,aripping,shredding,lacerating,breaking,廿agmentation,innerdivision.

Itsuggestsanacutestateofanxiety,despair,ascissionandhopelessness.

ZE〃℃なse"indicatesatearingapartasintotear,rend,dismember,ordisconnect・In

HegelandHeidegger,wefindtmssenseof$dismembennent'and@diSjointednes3,

somethingwhichismissinginBataille'stranslation(inKQieve)andabsentin

thetenn"c〃〃e碗e"rinFrench.WhileZEノァ伽e"力e"canalsobetakentomean

modemalienation,inthesenseofaninnerdivision,fiagmentationorafeelingof

selfestrangement,italsodescribestherentorlaceratedconsciousnessproduced

throughthispersonalandsocialalienation・InFrenchthetermα〃αcﾙeme"／

connotestotearawaysometimesexcessivelywhile"ec〃〃e胸e"/carriesthe

meaningsofshreddingandtearing.InGennan〃ﾉ"sse"舵〃isconsistentwith

asenseofchaos,disorder,cataclysm,impulseandchance.Wemightsaythat

thesenseoftornnessimpliesawrenchingandwrestingasunder,asplittingand

lacerating,arupturingandmilitating-orinothercontextstheterriblecurettagein

DeleuzeandGuattari.'5

肋花"""g,r"""峨""bse"Z,c""叩pe"r

Etymologically,innotingthatR",usedinaderivativesensefbrtear,cleft,

crack,etc,istherootofZE〃/”e"〃e",Heideggerindicatesapainfilloriginary

schism.RMisgraspedmthesenseofthatwhichtears(fission)aswellasmthe

senseofthefissure(rifi)thatthefissionopensup.R/ssdescribestherelation

betweenthinkingandpoetry.HeusesthetennR/ssishislecmre!Theoriginofthe

98 JofTPeterNonnanBradley

workofart',!6wherethewordisusedtodesignatethestrifebetweenworldand

earth.IntheessaycThewaytolanguage','7Heideggerdescribestheunityofthe

essenceoflanguageasthefissionthattearsopen("舵加e").Heidegger'sidea

ofcircumspectionaidstheunderstandingthatourrelationswith@material'arenot

mererelationsofmasterybutinvolveakindofresponsivenesstoandcarefbrtools

andmaterials,sothattheymayoperateandemergeintheirownway.Inthissense,

Heideggerwillinsistthatinkeepingopentherentortear,lifeissustainedinits

properunity.Thetearistheopeningoflife.Heideggerwrites:

4〃/ﾙeα"e"p"/os"〃形ssr/ie'/eα〃"g'(ZeﾉWsse"ﾙe/伽""s/l)eα加"伽"”

‐j"sq/Zxrqs//ie'/eα〃"g'iswﾙ“だ加α加sα祁加"Sr花加αJ〃α/r/Ie加川．〃ﾙy？

4"swe7.･"/so"ん加ﾉﾙe花α〃"g/伽〃〃e[ﾉ"/〃αsql)8e"fca刀叩peqK

Despitetheratherbannychoiceofexample,asockisusedtoexplicateuponhis

conceptoftearingapart.Ifthesockistom,thenitisnolongerpresent-at-hand

(1ﾉo油α"“")andpreciselynotsoasasock.Initsgoodstate,thesockonmyfbot,

fillfillingits"To"sope7α"戒,isnotgraspedassuchinitssockness.Itisjusta

sock.Itremainswithdrawnandhiddenassuch.Itisonlywhenitistom,thatthe

sockappearsinitstorn-to-pieces-hood・Theunityofthesockisconspicuously

absent(Heidegger,2003,p.ll).Thesock"essofthesock,asitwere,appears-

conspicuously-throughitstornness-itsnon-sockiness.AndtoremmtoHegel,

fbrwhomthepurposeofphenomenologyistheabolitionofZe"/sse"〃e〃，

Heidegger'sre-collectiondOesnotovercome〃〃伽e"he"byclosingeverywound

thatrends.Indeed,fbrBataille,theRMorrendthatfaultsthesubjectisdeepened

ratherthanhxed・Thisisthe@voyagetotheendofthepossibilityofman'(Bataille,

1988).Agam,contraHegel,mthemalinstance,Bataillemsistsm"cﾙ舵me"

q6so/〃onelosesoneselfabsolutely.@Spiritmovesinastrangeworldwhenanguish


andecstasycoexist'(Thylor,1987)

HeideggerandD・H.Lawrence

Inthethinkerpoets-exemplifiedinH61derlin,thatistosay,thosemost

susceptibletoBemgassuch,Heidegger(1968)findsmthese､anticipatoryescortr

thepassageto6anotherbeginning'.Thepoetthroughfimdamentalattunement

tohistime,sensestherifibetweenDaseinandbeings,thesourceofmanIsinner

廿agmentation,whichfbrHeidegger,remains｡shroudedintheshadowsofan

unearthlyworlddestiny'.In〃肋〃sCa"〃剛加〃"9?,Heidegger(1968,p.89)

sayssimplythatthethinkerthinksdeeply6toripawaythefbgthatconcealsbeings

assuch'-asensewhichresonateswithLawrence's℃haosinPoetry'essay.But

itwouldseemman'severydaynessoughtnottocoverovertherifithatimpedes

atrueengagementwithbeing.Thisisbecauseitisthroughtherifithatatorn

consciousnesscanultimatelyaccesstheAbsolute.'8ForHeideggerthenifself

consciousnessissplitasunderwhatemergesfiomthisplightisadiscemmentof

thewidercrisisoftheage.ForHeidegger,suMectivityinmodernphilosophyis

itselfpreciselysuhjectedtothetompredicamentastornconsciousness.Moreover,

thetornconditionofthinkingkeepsthewayopenfbrmetaphysics.Onthismatter,

albeitsomewhatcryptically,hewrites(1968,p.89)::6Betteramendedsockthana

tomone-notsowithselfLconsciousness.''Wecanreadtherifiortornconditionas

anopeningorwayintometaphysics.

ThedepictionbyLawrenceofthepoetastoilingtodisrupttheeveryday,

toinstilamomentof[/"ﾉ7e伽〃c賊e",canbereadintheHeideggerianlightof

thepoeticwordatonceveiling(unconcealmentorα〃ﾙe/q)andunveiling:it

bothrevealsandconcealsmeaningandunderstanding.Inthisway,thepoetis

sitedintersticiallybetweenthesensoryandimaginary,realandappearance,the


comorealandeternal;in-betweenshadowandlight,absenceandpresence,veiling

andunveiling,concealmentandunconcealment,shelteringandclearing,being

andbeings・Whatdifferentiatesthisreading廿omLawrence'sworkisthatchaosis

notjustvisible,butpartlyconcealedfi.omview.Thisisbecausefillltransparency

andexposuretochaosisthetruehorror.ContraLawrence,thepoet'sremitis

rathertoelicitchaosfromconcealment,廿omwithdrawal.WhilefbrLawrence,

poeticviolenceripsawaywhathasbeenpaperedover,"e"7ejqisadrawingoutof

somethingfromfbrgottenness.ForHeidegger,the"ofDaseinisthepossibility

ofanopening,anunveilingofthepossibilitytoexistasabeing-thereinbotha

temporalandspatialsense.Yetbecausethebeinglessofbeingsisveiled,hidden,

bytherationalisingspiritoftheage,therelationofDaseintotheearthisveiled.

Thedisclosureorunveilingispossibilisedbutalsothebringingtoquestionof

theverypossibilityofabeingbeing-thereisproblematised.Unveilingisalsoa

veiling.Thepoetunveilschaos,butitischaositselfwhichwithdraws.Onthis

lineofargument,Lawrencecan'tgetatthewildwindsofchaos.Theviolenceof

theLawrentianpoetisneedlessonthisaccountasthepoetmustbringfbrththose

latentmeaningshiddenbeneathandbeyondveilsofwords-cautiously,calmly,

deliberately,peacefillly.ForPhilippeLacoue-Labarthe,onthisaccount,truth

(unveiling)veilsitselfastheimpossibilityofveiling(Martis,2005,p.172).

ConclusionJapanandZE〃伽e"〃〃

Fromtheabove,wehavefbundZe"/sse"舵〃unveilsinsomewaythe

psychologicalcrisisamictingmanyphilosophersandwritersatsometimein

theirlives-theinnerdivisions,thebeingtornapart.Infiltureresearchitwould

beofvaluetointerrogatesuchanotionv/s-ti-W8BernardStiegler'sconception

ofthedisindividuatedself(2012),aselfwhichsufferspreciselyinthisprolonged


stateofZe"/sse"舵〃.Wemightalsoexaminethattheル加肋〃o"orsocial

reclusesmJapanaresimilarlydescribablemthosetennsastheyhndthemselves

inﾙｾ/isc/We"orwor/fﾉWea〃"e".Itisquiteclearthatifmoreandmoreyoung

peopleinJapanarelockedinthisstateof〃〃/”e"ﾉ7e",andunabletobreakfreeof

it,thensomethingmustbedone.

MightastartingpointbuttoconsiderD.H.Lawrence'sworkasacontribution

tothisprQjectbecausehisconceptionofpoetryasviolentandbrutalwouldconnect

withacritiqueofpsychoanalysis:contraFreud,schizoanalysisisde-familiarising,

de-oedipalising,。e-castrating？TheprescienceofLawrencemightcontributetothe

undoingoftheatre,dream,andfantasy.Writingagainstthetriangulationofdesire

andthestraightjacketofpsychoanalysis,Lawrencedecodesanddeterritorialises:

Hismachineshumalongtearingandlacerating.Theirjoyisamalevolentone.

… 鯉山y

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Notes

'TheparallelswithJapanareworthyofcloserinspection.Itiswithoutdoubt

thatthe2011TOhokuearthquakeandtsunamihashadandwillhaveadeepand

traumaticeffectontheJapanesenation.TheGreatEastJapanEarthquake(東日

本大震災)occurredonFridayllMarch2011.Themagnitude9.0earthquakeoff

thecoastofJapan,producedpowerfilltsunamiwavesthatreachedheightsofupto

133fimMiyakomTOhoku'slwatePrefecmre.ThequakeandfbUowingtsunami

claimed27,0001ivesandtriggeredlevel-7meltdownsatthreereactorsatthe

FukushimaDaiichiNuclearPowerPlantcomplex.Tbdate,severeradiationleak

problemscontinuetooccur.InaHegelianmanner,onemightsaythatJapanese

societyistomtoshredsandcanonlyfinditselfmtheconsciousnessofhsutter

dismemberment・Itfindsitselfindiremption[Ze"/sse"ﾙe"]:aschismatthe

heartofawounded,dismemberedsociety,reducedtouselesspartsincapableof

fbnningawhole.ThereisatearbetweensubjectandoMect:withnorelationor


mediationbetweenthetwo.Theyarebothtomhalvesofanintegral廿eedomto

whichtheydonotaddup,asAdornosays.Thediscussionistherefbretimelyasit

isarguedthatthereisasenseinwhichpost-FukushimaJapanisasocietyatroot

tom-to-pieces.Intheacademicyears2012-2013and2013-2014,3rdyearEnglish

communicationsmdentstakingmyWritinglllclassengagedwith,challengedand

critiquedaseriousanthropologicalstudyonaperceivedsenseofsocialprecarity

inJapan.Theirreactionsandideasgavemuchfbodfbrthoughttonotonlymyself

butalsoProfessorAnneAllison,thejoumal'sauthor.Allisonwasverygraciousin

respondingtomystudentscriticalquestionsandletters.SeeAllison,A.(January

01,2012).Ordinaryrefilgees:Socialprecarityandsoulin21stcenturyJapan.

A"油mpolOg/cα/Q"α"e『〃85,2,345-370.

2Accordingtohisbiographer,Richardson(2006),James,inthelastinstance,

havmgwitnessedthedevastationfbllowingtheqUake,affirmed6chaos,cataclysm,

change,Ze"/sse"舵〃(brokenness),impulse,andchance'.Confrontedwith

whatPeircecallsthe"c/ijs"7ofnature,thatistosaythatabsolutechance

orindeterminism,isafimdamentalstructureintheuniverse、Jamesmetthe

earthquakewith､awildOlympianjoy',accordingtoRichardson(2006),whoadds:

ccTherecanbenorealdoubtthatWilliamJames,inhisheartofhearts,embraced

andwelcomedchaos,cataclysm,change,ZE"isse"ﾙe"[tunnoil],impulse,and

chance.Hemayhavehadacertainfellowfeelingwiththequakefbrdisorder.''

3James,W.(1990).Essq)AW"γα伽cq/eW7耐醐加.Raleigh,N.C:AlexCatalogue,p.

94.

4Miller(1980,p.243)describesthepoetartistwalksthroughtherent,imagining

theworldisbehindhim.Heisalone.Assuch,itisthisveilofillusionwhichgives

theartisthisγα/so〃〃'e"e.Hecontinues:"[I]nsunderingtheveilhegivesus

hisart.Butwhenhehastorntheveilitisonlytodiscovernewveils.Thatishis

missiontotearasundertheveilsinordertorevealnewveilW


5HenryMillerin7>･op/cQfCa"cerdiscussestheroleoftheartistandthe

confiontationwiththechaos.Hewritesofimpersonaljoys,scrambledcodesas

akindofstuttering:.6Whenlrefiectthatthetaskwhichtheartistimplicitlysets

himselfistooverthrowexistingvalues,tomakeofthechaosabouthimanorder

whichishisown,tosowstrifeandfennentsothatbytheemotionalreleasethose

whoaredeadmayberestoredtolife,thenitisthatlrunwithjoytothegreat

imperfectones,theirconfUsionnourishesme,theirstutteringislikedivinemusic

tomyearWDifferentiatingcivilisation廿omculture,Millerwrites(Cowley,1967):

G6Iseecivilisationasacrippling,thwartingthingastultifyingthing.Civilisationis

thearteriosclerosisofculture.ラツ

6Deleuze'swifeFannywastheFrenchtranslatorofLawrence.

71ntheirownwaythethreedomains-art,scienceandphilosophy-eachenter

intoasingularstrugglewithchaos.Eachunfilrlsamapoverwhatiswildand

treacheroustotraceaterritory.Differentfbnnsofthoughtarecreated廿omchaos

asaresult.Inthecaseofphilosophywhatisnecessitatedisexteriority:philosophy

needsnonphilosophy.Herephilosophyembracestheprephilosophicalplaneof

chaosasimmanent.Itmanufacturesideasontheplaneofimmanencepopulated

bymaterialconcepts,whichbytheirnaturehavethecapacitytoproduceinfinite

variations.

8Lawrence,D.H(1978).,4pocα卯se.Paris:Balland.GillesDeleuzepennedthe

introductiontotheFrenchversionofDHLawrence's"po""se.

9MillerdescribesLawrence'sphilosophyofchaosthus(1980,p.243):"Chaos!

Hethrivesonchaos!Notonlytomakelifebearable,buttomakeitmoregrand,

nottomakelifemoreliveable,buttomakeitmorepotent,moredeath-dealing:

tocommunicatethegreatnamelessterrorwhichisinhissoul,thewild,primitive

fearwhichnatureinspiresherselfandwhichgivesthelietothefeebleillusionson

whichallcivilisationisnourished.''


loZe〃伽e"ﾙe"canbebetterappreciatedthroughthenotionoftaITying[ve"we//e"]

withthenegativeasitisthroughthistarryingwiththenegativethatnilis

convertedtobeing.

''Hegel,P舵"o碗e"o/ogy,p.19;20-30.

'2Gemerchak,C.M(2003)."eS""じ伽ﾉQ/.//ie"egq"ve.･此α"加gBqrα"/e,

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