Download - CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5

CBSENCERTSolutionsforClass10SocialScienceChapter5

Activity

Q.1. Whatwastheimpactofadvertisementasprintedmaterialonthepublicmind?Whatwerethereactionsofdifferentpeopletotheprintedmaterial?

Solution: Advertisementhadamajorimpactonthepublicmindsofthe centuryurbanpopulace.

Withthemassiveinnovationsintheprintingtechnologyfromthelateeighteenthcenturytoearlytwentiethcentury,massprintingbecameapartofeverybusiness'ssellingpoint.

Businessesintroducedcheapwaysofprintingandbroughtoutadvertisementsofallkindstoattractcustomers.

Printedadvertisementsandnoticeswereplasteredalloverstreetwalls,railwayplatformsandpublicbuildings.

Thereactionsofdifferentpeopleabouttheprintedmaterialwasthat:

Suchadvertisementsimpactedpeople'smindsimmensely.Theseprintedadvertisementsexcitedpeopletopurchasetheitem.Thesedivertedpeople'sconsiderationsandprovokedthemtopurchasethepromotedproducts.

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IndiaandtheContemporaryWorld-2.. Chapter5Printcultureandthemodernworld

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Activity

Q.1. Lookatthegivenimagescarefullyandanswerthegivenquestions.

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1. Whatcommentaretheartistsmakingonthesocialchangestakingplaceinsocietythroughtheseimages?2. Whatchangesinsocietyweretakingplacetoprovokethisreaction?3. Doyouagreewiththeartist’sview?

Solution: (a)Inthefirstimage,amanisdominatedbyhiswife,andheisdominatinghismother.Artistcommentsthatthetraditionofmother-in-lawdominatingthedaughter-in-lawthroughhersonhasreversed,duetothenewsocialchangestakingplace.(b)Inthesecondimage,thepartbetweenmenandwomenhasturnedaroundaswomenappreciatehookahandamanplaystheveenainordertoentertainhiswife.(c)Inthethirdimage,theartistdepictsthatsocialchangesdonotaffectEnglishfamilies,anditshowstraditionalfamilyroles.

Thechangessuchasculturalupliftmentandempowermentofwomenthroughthewesternisedsystemsofeducationtakingplaceinthesociety.AllthesechangesprovokedartiststodepictsuchimagesoffamiliesspecificallyinIndia.

Theartist’sviewinthegivenimagesabouttheempowermentofwomeniswaymoreextremethantheactualsituation.Theimagesareoutoffocusoroverassumed.TheartistcouldhavetakenamoderatestandintheircommentsonthesocialchangestakingplaceinIndiansociety.




Writeinbrief

Q.1. Givereasonsforthefollowing:

a)WoodblockprintonlycametoEuropeafter .

Solution: WoodblockPrintscametoEuropein whenMarcoPolo,agreatexplorer,returnedtoItalyafteryearsofcompletingexplorationsinChina.

Hebroughtalotofinformationbackwithhim.ItaliansbegancreatingbookswithwoodblocksandbeganspreadingtootherpartsofEurope.Withthegrowingdemandforbooks,WoodblockprintingbecamepopularwiththegrowingdemandforbooksinEurope.WoodblockswereusedinEuropetoprinttextiles,playingcards,religiouspicturesandbrieftexts.

Q.2. GivereasonswhyMartinLutherwasinfavourofprintandspokeoutinpraiseofit.

Solution: MartinLutherwasinfavourofprintbecauseithelpedpopulariseandspreadhisideas.HewrotethesetocriticisethepracticesandritualsoftheRomanCatholicChurch.Thesewritingswerereproducedinlargenumbersandwerereadwidelybyalargepopulation.

HistranslationoftheNewTestamentwasacceptedandreadbythousandsofpeoplewhichbecamepossibleduetotheimprovementsinprinttechnologyallowingtheworkingclassesaswelltogainaccesstotheseinformativebooks.

Q.3. Givereasonforthefollowing:

TheRomanCatholicChurchbegankeepinganindexofprohibitedbooksfromthemid-sixteenthcentury.

Solution: TheRomanCatholicChurchhadtofacedissentsfromthemid-sixteenthcentury.PeoplewrotebooksthatinterpretedGodandtheircreationintheirownwaysorastheyliked.Duetothis,theinstitutionbannedsuchbooksandkepttherecordofallthesebannedbooksandwasnamedtheIndexofProhibitedBooks.

Q.4. Givereasonforthefollowing:

GandhisaidthefightforSwarajisafightforlibertyofspeech,libertyofthepress,andfreedomofassociation.

Solution: 1. Gandhiconsideredthatthelibertyofspeech,libertyofpress,andfreedomofassociationwerethethreemostpowerfulvehiclesofexpressingandcultivatingpublicopinion.

2. AccordingtoGandhi,hesaidSwarajisafightforthelibertyofthepressandfreedomofassociationbecausehebelievedthatthesearethepowerfulmodesofexpressionanddevelopmentofpublicopinion.

Q.5. Writeashortnote:

a)TheGutenbergPress

Solution: 1. TheGutenbergPress:Gutenbergwasthechildofamerchantandgrewuponalargeagriculturalestate.ThefirstprintingpresswascreatedbyJohanGutenbergin .

2. Itwasadevelopedformoftheoliveandwinepresses.By ,Gutenbergidealisedthisframework.Theleadmouldswereusedforcastingthemetaltypesforthelettersofthealphabet.

3. ThefirstbookheprintedwasBible.Heproduced copiesoftheBiblein years,whichwasmuchfasterbystandardsofthetime,atthetime.

Q.6. WriteashortnotetoshowwhatyouknowaboutErasmus'sideaoftheprintedbook.

Solution: Erasmus'sIdeaofthePrintedBook:

Erasmus,aLatinscholar,andaCatholicreformer,whocriticisedtheexcessesofCatholicismbutkepthisdistancefromMartinLuther,expresseddeepanxietyabouttheprintingofbooksbecausehewasanxiousthatthiswouldleadtothecirculationofbookswithrebelliousthoughts.Hefeltthatalthoughafewbooksmaygivevaluableinformation,themajorityofbooksmaybejustuselessorgivestupid,scandalousofirreligiousthoughtswhichmayleadtoincitementordisobedience.

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Q.7. WriteashortnotetoshowwhatyouknowaboutTheVernacularPressAct.

Solution: TheVernacularPressAct:

1. Aftertherevoltof ,theattitudetothefreedomofthepresschanged.EnragedEnglishmendemandedaclampdownonthe‘native’press.Asvernacularnewspapersbecamenationalist,thecolonialgovernmentstarteddebatingmeasuresofstringentcontrol.

2. TheVernacularPressActwaspassedin bytheBritishgovernmentinIndia.ThisactprovidedthegovernmentwithextensiverightstocensorreportsandpublicationsintheVernacularPress.

3. IfaVernacularPaperpublishedanyrebelliousmaterial,thepaperwasprohibitedanditsprintingmachinerywasseized.

Q.8. WhatdidthespreadofprintcultureinnineteenthcenturyIndiameantowomen?

Solution: Thespreadofprintculturein centuryIndiabenefitedIndianwomenthroughlearningandeducation.Theliberalfamiliessupportedtheeducationofwomentoconsiderorreadastheybelievededucationandreadingwouldmakewomencorrupt.Thisledtothecounter-reaction,asmostoftheoppressedwomenbegantostudyandreadbooksandlearnedtocomposeinsecrecy.

Someliteratewomenstartedtocomposebooksandtheirautobiographies.InEastBengal,intheearlynineteenthcentury,RashsundariDebi,amarriedyounggirlfromaveryorthodoxfamily,learnttoreadinthesecrecyofherkitchen.Later,shecomposedherautobiography“AmarJiban”whichwaspublishedin .Overall,theprintculturein centuryIndiahelpedinthespreadofthefeelingofself-relianceamongIndianwomen.

Q.9. WhatdidthespreadofprintcultureinnineteenthcenturyIndiameantothepoor?

Solution: Printcultureboughtcheapsmallbookstomarketsinthenineteenthcenturyandsoldthemonroads,allowingpoorpeopletobuythem.Publiclibrariesweresetuptoexpandaccesstobooks.

Fromthelatenineteenthcentury,issuesofcastediscriminationstartedshowingupinprintedtractsandessays.JyotibaPhulewroteabouttheinjusticesofthecastesysteminhisfamousbookGulamgiriwhichhelpedinbringingupissuestotheforefront.

Workersinfactorieslackedtheeducationtowritemuchabouttheirexperiences.ButsomemillworkerslikeKashibabawroteandpublished'ChhoteAurBadeKaSawal'toshowthelinksbetweenclassandcasteexploitation.

SudarshanChakra,thepoemsofaKanpurmillworkerwerebroughttogetherandpublishedinacollectioncalledSacchiKavitayen.

Q.10. Whatdidthespreadofprintcultureinnineteenth-centuryIndiameantoreformers?

Solution: Indianreformsof centuryutilisedprintcultureasthemostpotentmeansofspreadingtheirreformistthoughtsandhighlightingtheunethicalissues.

Theystarteddistributingindifferentvernacularlanguages,andinEnglishorHindinewspapersandbooks.Itisthroughwhichtheycouldspreadtheiropinionsagainstwidowimmolation,childmarriage,monotheism,Brahmanicalpriesthood.

Inthisway,thespreadofprintcultureinthe centuryprovidedreformerswithaspaceforattackingreligiousorthodoxyandtospreadnewersocialandpoliticalideastothepeopleofdifferentlanguagesoverthenation.

RajaRammohunRoypublishedSambadKaumudiin ,andtheHinduorthodoxycommissionedtheSamacharChandrikatocontradicthisopinions.

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Discuss

Q.1. Whydidsomepeopleineighteenth-centuryEuropethinkthatprintculturewouldbringenlightenmentandenddespotism?

Solution: Thepeoplein centuryEuropethoughtthatprintculturewouldbringenlightenmentandendtodespotismbecause:

Booksbecamecheaperandhelpedtheindividualstoreaddevelopingrationalthinking,scientificoutlook,anddemocraticideas.

ThewritingsofthegreatphilosopherslikeThomasPaine,Rousseau,andVoltairespreadtheidealsofdemocracyandexposedtheseidealstomonarchialandchurchpropagandawhichhelpedthemenddespotism.

Louise-SebastienMercierduringtheeighteenth-centuryinFrance,declared:‘Theprintingpressisthemostpowerfulengineofprogressandpublicopinionistheforcethatwillsweepdespotismaway.’

Peoplewerenotinfluenced.Theyacceptedsomeideasandrejectedsome.Theyinterpretedthingsintheirownway.Itdidnotdirectlyshapeminds,butitdidopenupthepossibilityofthinkingdifferently.

Q.2. Whydidsomepeoplefeartheeffectofeasilyavailableprintedbooks?ChooseoneexamplefromEuropeandonefromIndia.

Solution: Somepeopleespeciallyfromtheupperclassandpowerfulclassfearedtheimpactofeffectivelyaccessibleprintedbooksas:Theywereafraidofthespreadofeducationamongthecommonpeoplewhichwouldlowertheirpositionorauthority.Somepeoplethoughtthatthismayleadtothespreadofrebellionsandskepticalthoughts.

ExamplesfromEuropeandIndiaare:

(i)InEurope,theRomanCatholicChurchattemptedtocurbtheprintedbooksthroughtheIndexofProhibitedBooks.

(ii)InIndia,theVernacularPressActimposedrestrictionsontheIndianpressandvariouslocalnewspapers.

Q.3. Whatweretheeffectsofthespreadofprintcultureforpoorpeopleinnineteenth-centuryIndia?

Solution: Theeffectsofthespreadofprintcultureforpoorpeopleinnineteenth-centuryIndiawere:

Thepoorpeoplegotaccesstolow-pricedbooks.Socialreformerscomposedbooksandessaysilluminatingthecastediscriminationprevailinginthenation.JyotibaPhulein wroteaboutthepoorconditionofthelowcastepeople.Inthe thcentury,B.R.AmbedkarandPeriyarwroteagainstthecastesystem.

Q.4. ExplainhowprintcultureassistedthegrowthofnationalisminIndia.

Solution: ThecultureoftheprintingpressaidedthedevelopmentofIndianpatriotismbyprovidingeasyaccesstonationalisticstandardsandidealsoffreedomandequalityforthepublic.Socialreformerscannowpublishtheirfindingsinthenewspaperthatstartedthepublicdebate.

Commonpeoplecouldnowquestiontheauthorityofcolonialrule.WhentheBritishtriedtocensorandcontroltheprintmedia,nationalistnewspaperscontinuedtoincreaseacrossthecountry.Theyreportedoncolonialtyrannyandencouragedpeopletoparticipateinnationalistactivities.Attemptstocensoranti-colonialversionshavealsosparkedradicalprotests.

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