CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5
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CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5 Activity Q.1. What was the impact of advertisement as printed material on the public mind? What were the reactions of different people to the printed material? Solution: Advertisement had a major impact on the public minds of the century urban populace. With the massive innovations in the printing technology from the late eighteenth century to early twentieth century, mass printing became a part of every business's selling point. Businesses introduced cheap ways of printing and brought out advertisements of all kinds to attract customers. Printed advertisements and notices were plastered all over street walls, railway platforms and public buildings. The reactions of different people about the printed material was that: Such advertisements impacted people's minds immensely. These printed advertisements excited people to purchase the item. These diverted people's considerations and provoked them to purchase the promoted products. 20 th India and the Contemporary World - 2.. Chapter 5 Print culture and the modern world Practice more on Print culture and the modern world Page 1 www.embibe.com
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Transcript of CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5
CBSENCERTSolutionsforClass10SocialScienceChapter5
Activity
Q.1. Whatwastheimpactofadvertisementasprintedmaterialonthepublicmind?Whatwerethereactionsofdifferentpeopletotheprintedmaterial?
Solution: Advertisementhadamajorimpactonthepublicmindsofthe centuryurbanpopulace.
Withthemassiveinnovationsintheprintingtechnologyfromthelateeighteenthcenturytoearlytwentiethcentury,massprintingbecameapartofeverybusiness'ssellingpoint.
Businessesintroducedcheapwaysofprintingandbroughtoutadvertisementsofallkindstoattractcustomers.
Printedadvertisementsandnoticeswereplasteredalloverstreetwalls,railwayplatformsandpublicbuildings.
Thereactionsofdifferentpeopleabouttheprintedmaterialwasthat:
Suchadvertisementsimpactedpeople'smindsimmensely.Theseprintedadvertisementsexcitedpeopletopurchasetheitem.Thesedivertedpeople'sconsiderationsandprovokedthemtopurchasethepromotedproducts.
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IndiaandtheContemporaryWorld-2.. Chapter5Printcultureandthemodernworld
PracticemoreonPrintcultureandthemodernworld Page1 www.embibe.com
Activity
Q.1. Lookatthegivenimagescarefullyandanswerthegivenquestions.
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IndiaandtheContemporaryWorld-2.. Chapter5Printcultureandthemodernworld
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1. Whatcommentaretheartistsmakingonthesocialchangestakingplaceinsocietythroughtheseimages?2. Whatchangesinsocietyweretakingplacetoprovokethisreaction?3. Doyouagreewiththeartist’sview?
Solution: (a)Inthefirstimage,amanisdominatedbyhiswife,andheisdominatinghismother.Artistcommentsthatthetraditionofmother-in-lawdominatingthedaughter-in-lawthroughhersonhasreversed,duetothenewsocialchangestakingplace.(b)Inthesecondimage,thepartbetweenmenandwomenhasturnedaroundaswomenappreciatehookahandamanplaystheveenainordertoentertainhiswife.(c)Inthethirdimage,theartistdepictsthatsocialchangesdonotaffectEnglishfamilies,anditshowstraditionalfamilyroles.
Thechangessuchasculturalupliftmentandempowermentofwomenthroughthewesternisedsystemsofeducationtakingplaceinthesociety.AllthesechangesprovokedartiststodepictsuchimagesoffamiliesspecificallyinIndia.
Theartist’sviewinthegivenimagesabouttheempowermentofwomeniswaymoreextremethantheactualsituation.Theimagesareoutoffocusoroverassumed.TheartistcouldhavetakenamoderatestandintheircommentsonthesocialchangestakingplaceinIndiansociety.
IndiaandtheContemporaryWorld-2.. Chapter5Printcultureandthemodernworld
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Writeinbrief
Q.1. Givereasonsforthefollowing:
a)WoodblockprintonlycametoEuropeafter .
Solution: WoodblockPrintscametoEuropein whenMarcoPolo,agreatexplorer,returnedtoItalyafteryearsofcompletingexplorationsinChina.
Hebroughtalotofinformationbackwithhim.ItaliansbegancreatingbookswithwoodblocksandbeganspreadingtootherpartsofEurope.Withthegrowingdemandforbooks,WoodblockprintingbecamepopularwiththegrowingdemandforbooksinEurope.WoodblockswereusedinEuropetoprinttextiles,playingcards,religiouspicturesandbrieftexts.
Q.2. GivereasonswhyMartinLutherwasinfavourofprintandspokeoutinpraiseofit.
Solution: MartinLutherwasinfavourofprintbecauseithelpedpopulariseandspreadhisideas.HewrotethesetocriticisethepracticesandritualsoftheRomanCatholicChurch.Thesewritingswerereproducedinlargenumbersandwerereadwidelybyalargepopulation.
HistranslationoftheNewTestamentwasacceptedandreadbythousandsofpeoplewhichbecamepossibleduetotheimprovementsinprinttechnologyallowingtheworkingclassesaswelltogainaccesstotheseinformativebooks.
Q.3. Givereasonforthefollowing:
TheRomanCatholicChurchbegankeepinganindexofprohibitedbooksfromthemid-sixteenthcentury.
Solution: TheRomanCatholicChurchhadtofacedissentsfromthemid-sixteenthcentury.PeoplewrotebooksthatinterpretedGodandtheircreationintheirownwaysorastheyliked.Duetothis,theinstitutionbannedsuchbooksandkepttherecordofallthesebannedbooksandwasnamedtheIndexofProhibitedBooks.
Q.4. Givereasonforthefollowing:
GandhisaidthefightforSwarajisafightforlibertyofspeech,libertyofthepress,andfreedomofassociation.
Solution: 1. Gandhiconsideredthatthelibertyofspeech,libertyofpress,andfreedomofassociationwerethethreemostpowerfulvehiclesofexpressingandcultivatingpublicopinion.
2. AccordingtoGandhi,hesaidSwarajisafightforthelibertyofthepressandfreedomofassociationbecausehebelievedthatthesearethepowerfulmodesofexpressionanddevelopmentofpublicopinion.
Q.5. Writeashortnote:
a)TheGutenbergPress
Solution: 1. TheGutenbergPress:Gutenbergwasthechildofamerchantandgrewuponalargeagriculturalestate.ThefirstprintingpresswascreatedbyJohanGutenbergin .
2. Itwasadevelopedformoftheoliveandwinepresses.By ,Gutenbergidealisedthisframework.Theleadmouldswereusedforcastingthemetaltypesforthelettersofthealphabet.
3. ThefirstbookheprintedwasBible.Heproduced copiesoftheBiblein years,whichwasmuchfasterbystandardsofthetime,atthetime.
Q.6. WriteashortnotetoshowwhatyouknowaboutErasmus'sideaoftheprintedbook.
Solution: Erasmus'sIdeaofthePrintedBook:
Erasmus,aLatinscholar,andaCatholicreformer,whocriticisedtheexcessesofCatholicismbutkepthisdistancefromMartinLuther,expresseddeepanxietyabouttheprintingofbooksbecausehewasanxiousthatthiswouldleadtothecirculationofbookswithrebelliousthoughts.Hefeltthatalthoughafewbooksmaygivevaluableinformation,themajorityofbooksmaybejustuselessorgivestupid,scandalousofirreligiousthoughtswhichmayleadtoincitementordisobedience.
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IndiaandtheContemporaryWorld-2.. Chapter5Printcultureandthemodernworld
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Q.7. WriteashortnotetoshowwhatyouknowaboutTheVernacularPressAct.
Solution: TheVernacularPressAct:
1. Aftertherevoltof ,theattitudetothefreedomofthepresschanged.EnragedEnglishmendemandedaclampdownonthe‘native’press.Asvernacularnewspapersbecamenationalist,thecolonialgovernmentstarteddebatingmeasuresofstringentcontrol.
2. TheVernacularPressActwaspassedin bytheBritishgovernmentinIndia.ThisactprovidedthegovernmentwithextensiverightstocensorreportsandpublicationsintheVernacularPress.
3. IfaVernacularPaperpublishedanyrebelliousmaterial,thepaperwasprohibitedanditsprintingmachinerywasseized.
Q.8. WhatdidthespreadofprintcultureinnineteenthcenturyIndiameantowomen?
Solution: Thespreadofprintculturein centuryIndiabenefitedIndianwomenthroughlearningandeducation.Theliberalfamiliessupportedtheeducationofwomentoconsiderorreadastheybelievededucationandreadingwouldmakewomencorrupt.Thisledtothecounter-reaction,asmostoftheoppressedwomenbegantostudyandreadbooksandlearnedtocomposeinsecrecy.
Someliteratewomenstartedtocomposebooksandtheirautobiographies.InEastBengal,intheearlynineteenthcentury,RashsundariDebi,amarriedyounggirlfromaveryorthodoxfamily,learnttoreadinthesecrecyofherkitchen.Later,shecomposedherautobiography“AmarJiban”whichwaspublishedin .Overall,theprintculturein centuryIndiahelpedinthespreadofthefeelingofself-relianceamongIndianwomen.
Q.9. WhatdidthespreadofprintcultureinnineteenthcenturyIndiameantothepoor?
Solution: Printcultureboughtcheapsmallbookstomarketsinthenineteenthcenturyandsoldthemonroads,allowingpoorpeopletobuythem.Publiclibrariesweresetuptoexpandaccesstobooks.
Fromthelatenineteenthcentury,issuesofcastediscriminationstartedshowingupinprintedtractsandessays.JyotibaPhulewroteabouttheinjusticesofthecastesysteminhisfamousbookGulamgiriwhichhelpedinbringingupissuestotheforefront.
Workersinfactorieslackedtheeducationtowritemuchabouttheirexperiences.ButsomemillworkerslikeKashibabawroteandpublished'ChhoteAurBadeKaSawal'toshowthelinksbetweenclassandcasteexploitation.
SudarshanChakra,thepoemsofaKanpurmillworkerwerebroughttogetherandpublishedinacollectioncalledSacchiKavitayen.
Q.10. Whatdidthespreadofprintcultureinnineteenth-centuryIndiameantoreformers?
Solution: Indianreformsof centuryutilisedprintcultureasthemostpotentmeansofspreadingtheirreformistthoughtsandhighlightingtheunethicalissues.
Theystarteddistributingindifferentvernacularlanguages,andinEnglishorHindinewspapersandbooks.Itisthroughwhichtheycouldspreadtheiropinionsagainstwidowimmolation,childmarriage,monotheism,Brahmanicalpriesthood.
Inthisway,thespreadofprintcultureinthe centuryprovidedreformerswithaspaceforattackingreligiousorthodoxyandtospreadnewersocialandpoliticalideastothepeopleofdifferentlanguagesoverthenation.
RajaRammohunRoypublishedSambadKaumudiin ,andtheHinduorthodoxycommissionedtheSamacharChandrikatocontradicthisopinions.
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IndiaandtheContemporaryWorld-2.. Chapter5Printcultureandthemodernworld
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Discuss
Q.1. Whydidsomepeopleineighteenth-centuryEuropethinkthatprintculturewouldbringenlightenmentandenddespotism?
Solution: Thepeoplein centuryEuropethoughtthatprintculturewouldbringenlightenmentandendtodespotismbecause:
Booksbecamecheaperandhelpedtheindividualstoreaddevelopingrationalthinking,scientificoutlook,anddemocraticideas.
ThewritingsofthegreatphilosopherslikeThomasPaine,Rousseau,andVoltairespreadtheidealsofdemocracyandexposedtheseidealstomonarchialandchurchpropagandawhichhelpedthemenddespotism.
Louise-SebastienMercierduringtheeighteenth-centuryinFrance,declared:‘Theprintingpressisthemostpowerfulengineofprogressandpublicopinionistheforcethatwillsweepdespotismaway.’
Peoplewerenotinfluenced.Theyacceptedsomeideasandrejectedsome.Theyinterpretedthingsintheirownway.Itdidnotdirectlyshapeminds,butitdidopenupthepossibilityofthinkingdifferently.
Q.2. Whydidsomepeoplefeartheeffectofeasilyavailableprintedbooks?ChooseoneexamplefromEuropeandonefromIndia.
Solution: Somepeopleespeciallyfromtheupperclassandpowerfulclassfearedtheimpactofeffectivelyaccessibleprintedbooksas:Theywereafraidofthespreadofeducationamongthecommonpeoplewhichwouldlowertheirpositionorauthority.Somepeoplethoughtthatthismayleadtothespreadofrebellionsandskepticalthoughts.
ExamplesfromEuropeandIndiaare:
(i)InEurope,theRomanCatholicChurchattemptedtocurbtheprintedbooksthroughtheIndexofProhibitedBooks.
(ii)InIndia,theVernacularPressActimposedrestrictionsontheIndianpressandvariouslocalnewspapers.
Q.3. Whatweretheeffectsofthespreadofprintcultureforpoorpeopleinnineteenth-centuryIndia?
Solution: Theeffectsofthespreadofprintcultureforpoorpeopleinnineteenth-centuryIndiawere:
Thepoorpeoplegotaccesstolow-pricedbooks.Socialreformerscomposedbooksandessaysilluminatingthecastediscriminationprevailinginthenation.JyotibaPhulein wroteaboutthepoorconditionofthelowcastepeople.Inthe thcentury,B.R.AmbedkarandPeriyarwroteagainstthecastesystem.
Q.4. ExplainhowprintcultureassistedthegrowthofnationalisminIndia.
Solution: ThecultureoftheprintingpressaidedthedevelopmentofIndianpatriotismbyprovidingeasyaccesstonationalisticstandardsandidealsoffreedomandequalityforthepublic.Socialreformerscannowpublishtheirfindingsinthenewspaperthatstartedthepublicdebate.
Commonpeoplecouldnowquestiontheauthorityofcolonialrule.WhentheBritishtriedtocensorandcontroltheprintmedia,nationalistnewspaperscontinuedtoincreaseacrossthecountry.Theyreportedoncolonialtyrannyandencouragedpeopletoparticipateinnationalistactivities.Attemptstocensoranti-colonialversionshavealsosparkedradicalprotests.
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