2nd

ABSTRACT BOOK AND FIELD GUIDE

Geoarchaeology

of river valleys Ed. Tomasz Kalicki, Joanna Krupa

13-15 May 2013 Kielce-Suchedniów (Poland)

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2nd

Department of Geomorphology, Geoarchaeology and Environmental Management, Institute of Geography, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce

Polish Association for Environmental Archaeology

Voyevodship Office of National Heritage in Kielce

ABSTRACT BOOKAND FIELD GUIDE

Ed. Tomasz Kalicki, Joanna Krupa

“Geoarchaeology of river valleys”

and workshop/round table of

Euro Geoarcheo Panel

Kielce 2013

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Scientific committeeDr Halina Dobrza ska (PAN)

Dr Katarzyna Issmer Prof. UJK dr hab. Tomasz Kalicki (UJK)

Dr Piotr Kittel (UŁ) Prof. dr hab. Janusz K. Kozłowski (UJ)

Prof. UAM dr hab. Mirosław Makohonienko (UAM)

Organizing committeeProf. UJK dr hab. Tomasz Kalicki

(Chairman) Mgr Marcin Fr czek

Mgr in . Joanna Krupa Mgr Paweł Przepióra

Mgr in . Iwona Wójcik

The abstracts were reviewed and accpeted by the Scientific Committee of the symposium

Cover photo (by Tomasz Kalicki) Inka ruins of Machu Picchu on slopes Huayna Capac in Urubamba river valley (Peru)

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CONTENTS

Pierre Antoine, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Marie-Hélène Monce, Jean-Luc

Locht, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Pierre Voinchet, Patrick Auguste - Dating the

earliest human occupation of western Europe: new evidences from the fluvial

terraces system of the Somme basin (north France)……………………………..……. 8

Janusz Badura - Odra - big river on the European Plain in the Late Pleistocene……. 11

Emilia Bala - Development of settlement in Liwiec valley during Prehistoric times -

preliminary results……………………………………….………………………………... 14

Jean-Francois Berger, Tomasz Kalicki, Valentina P. Zernitskaya, Pierre Gil

Salvador, Adrien Barra, Gourguen Davtian, Damien Ertlen, Jean-Pierre

Bocquet-Appel - The OBRESOC Project and the central-Europe floodplains

palaeodynamic during the LBK period : the case of upper Vistula river……………. 18

Dariusz Bobak, Marta Połtowicz-Bobak, Janusz Badura, Zdzisław Jary,

Agnieszka Wacnik, Katarzyna Cywa - The early Upper Paleolithic site Luboty

11 in the Głubczyce Plateau, southern Poland ......................................................... 21

Dariusz Bobak, Maria Łanczont, Jarosław Kusiak, Przemysław Mroczek, Adam

Nowak, Marta Połtowicz-Bobak - Late Pleistocene settlement in the river

valleys: a case study of the Magdalenian site Wierzawice 31……….…………...…... 24

Eva B ízová - Human impact and alluvial soils in the Žitný Ostrov island (Slovakia).. 26

Artur Buszek, Tomasz Kalicki, Kamila Peschel - A natural or an archaeological

object? Geomagnetic research and excavations on the Wielka Wie site 25 near

Wojnicz in the Dunajec river valley (southern Poland)……………………………….. 27

Arnaud Campaner, N. Schneider-Schwien, Luc Vergnaud - Reconstructing local

environment in Bischwihr helped by geoarchaeological investigations in the

Colmar region (FR-Alsace - Rhine valley)………………………………………………. 31

Halina Dobrza ska, Tomasz Kalicki - Morphology and land use of flood plains in

western part of Sandomierz Basin (southern Poland) from the Roman to the

beginning of the Early Medieval periods………………………………………………… 32

Olgierd Felczak, Ireneusz J. Olszak - Natural factors of location of the Neolithic

settlements in lower part of Wierzyca valley (Pomerania region, north Poland)….. 38

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Marcin Fr czek - Method of channel mapping as a source of information about

human impact and possibilities for geoarchaeological interpretation: case study

from Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Carpathians)……...………………………..……. 39

Marcin Fr czek - Historical human activity in river valleys. Case study from

Bieszczady Mountains……………………………………………………………..………. 41

Markus Fuchs, M. Will, S. Kreutzer - The temporal and spatial quantification of

Holocene sediment dynamics in a meso-scale catchment in northern

Bavaria/Germany…………………………………………………..…………………….… 43

Salom Granai, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet - Mid-Holocene alluvial records in the

Paris Basin (France): malacological contribution to palaeoenvironmental

reconstructions…………………………………………………..……………………….… 44

Pavel Havlí ek - Geology of the confluence of the Dyje (Thaya) and Morava (March)

rivers……………………………………………………….…………………………………. 46

Iwona Hildebrandt-Radke, Jarosław Jasiewicz - Prehistoric and early historic

settlement in the context river valleys – middle Obra region (Wielkopolska).

Spatial analysis with GIS…………………………………………………………………... 48

Jan Horák - Floodplain dynamics and heavy metal contamination……………….…….. 54

Katarzyna Issmer - Ice-marginal valley as a potential migrations corridors at

Central Europe……………………………………….………………………..…………… 56

Jaroslav Kadlec, Filip Stehlík, Tomasz Kalicki, Joanna Krupa, Helena

Svitavská-Svobodová, Vojt ch Beneš, Ivo Sv tlík, Michal Rybní ek - Late

Holocene human impacts to the Morava river floodplain development…………….. 61

Piotr Kalicki, Tomasz Kalicki, Piotr Kittel - Role of river valleys in Prehistoric

contacts between highland and coastal populations of the Central Andes………….. 63

Szymon Kalicki, Tomasz Kalicki - Man, river and flint mines. Some aspects of using

Open Source GIS programs in archaeological analysis………………………...…….. 70

Tomasz Kalicki, Marek Nowak - Natural and anthropogenic changes of

environment in the middle Ondava basin (eastern Slovakia) during the Neolithic

period…………………………………………………………………………………………. 74

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Tomasz Kalicki, Joanna Krupa, Józef Kukulak – Volcanism and Prehistoric

settlement in Rio Colca basin southern Peru……………………………………...… 78

Piotr Kittel - From the geoarchaeology of river valleys in Central Poland - research

potential and problems………………………………………………………………….… 81

Kazimierz Klimek, Wioleta Górska, Beata Woskowicz- l zak - Bierawka-Odra

confluence: a record of sandy-bed river transformation under human impact…….. 85

Kazimierz Klimek - The geomorphic and sedimentological record of local historic

human impact: a case study from valleys of Easter Sudetes loess foreland……..…. 90

Lenka Lisá, Miriam Fišáková-Nývltová, Libor Petr - Horse stable in Medieval

Central Europe; reconstruction of Medieval maintenance practices……………….. 95

Lenka Lisa, Libor Petr - Recognition of agricultural practices in Nile slag water

deposits: the case study from Jebel Sabaloka, 6th Nile Cataract, northern Sudan… 96

Mirosław Makohonienko - Settlement of Wielbark culture from Roman Period on

Drawa river valley in northern Poland. Environmental and economical

considerations……………………………………………………………………………….. 98

Dominik Pawłowski, Krystyna Milecka, Piotr Kittel - Traces of human impact on

selected mires in the Grabia river valley, Łód region………………………………… 99

Libor Petr, Jan Pet ík, Michal Horsák, Maria Hajnalová, Petra Hájková -

Paleoecological record of Early Holocene and Neolithic impact in travertine

valley environment, Santovka site, western Slovakia ……………………………… 101

Dominik K. Płaza, Danuta Dzieduszy ska, Piotr Kittel, Joanna Petera-Zganiacz,

Juliusz Twardy - Late Palaeolithic settlement on the background of

palaeogeography of the Warta river valley in the Koło Basin……………..………… 103

Paweł Przepióra, Marcin Fr czek, Grzegorz Król - Anthropogenic changes of

Kamionka valley based on cartographic and historical sources………………..…… 108

Pierre Gil Salvador, Jean-Francois Berger, S. Bleu, G. Gaucher - Holocene

palaeodynamic of the Rhone river and land use in the Basses Terres floodplain

(France)……………………………………………………………………………………… 110

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Ronny Schmidt, Piotr Wroniecki, Joanna Zagórska-Telega, Jacek Pikulski, Marcin Jaworski - Remote sensing and geophysical studies for discovering and interpreting anthropogenic and natural structures: a case study from Michałowice (Nida Basin, wi tokrzyskie voivodeship, Poland)…………………………………..… 113

Łukasz Sobel, Marcin Korna , Paweł Kajfasz - Environmental conditioning location of the Lusatian culture settlement at Biała (site 9)…………………..……… 116

Monika Tabisz, Marcin Korna , Paweł Kajfasz - Zubrzyce Sites “U” and “W” –

Newly discovered Funnel Beaker Culture settlements at the Głubczyce Plateau….. 118

Jef Vandenberghe - River terraces: processes of development, sedimentary

characteristics, response to climatic forcing and preferred sites for human

occupation……………………………………………………………………………………. 122

Jarosław Wilczy ski, Piotr Wojtal, Krzysztof Sobczyk - River, man and

mammoths - the Upper Palaeolithic settlements in the upper Vistula basin………... 123

M. Will, R. Aalto, Markus Fuchs - Floodplains of large river systems - homogenous

or heterogeneous deposition environments? Lessons learned from high-resolution

Xs210Pb analyses…………………………………………………………………………….. 125

Field Guide

“IMPACT OF PREHISTORIC MINNING AND METALLURGY ON FLUVIAL

SYSTEMS”

Krzemionki Opatowskie (Archaeological Museum of Prehistoric Mine)………………. 127

Ancient metallurgy on the Nida river as a potential enclave of bloomery centre in the wietokrzyskie mountains (Holly Cross Mountains)…………………………………… 130

Czarna Nida valley downstream of Morawica (Late Glacial and Holocene evolution; reflection and role of natural and anthropogenic factors)……………………………… 133

List of participants……………………………………………………………………... 148

Sponsors………………………………………………………………………………… 153

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ZUBRZYCE SITES “U” AND “W” – NEWLY DISCOVERED FUNNEL BEAKER CULTURE SETTLEMENTS AT THE GŁUBCZYCE PLATEAU

Monika Tabisz1, Marcin Korna 1, Paweł Kajfasz1

1 Atlantyda Foundation, Kraków, Poland, fundacja_atlantyda@wp.pl

The Głubczyce Plateau is a moraine upland located (235-260 meters, up to 315 meters

on the Czech side) in the confines of Przedgórze Sudeckie, through which the Osobloga river

flows. It is covered with loess, on which chernozems were mainly formed during the

Holocene period, indicating the fertile agricultural health of the land (Abłamowicz 2004,

Kondracki 2011,). Zubrzyce is found in a location, where the source section of the river Troja,

which is powered by smaller rivers of water that flow into it. Thanks to this, the terrains

agricultural development remains a very positive characteristic of the settlement. During the

Fig. 1. Location of the sites and the route construction area

Atlantic and Subboreal periods, the land was overgrown with both deciduous and mixed

forests (Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa 2004). At the same time, it was an area of an intense and

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close-knit settlement, which also encompassed the terrain near the Odra, from the Racibórz

Basin, going northwest (Abłamowicz 2004).

Archeological supervision and rescue excavations at the site was carried out at sites “U”

and “W”, in the village Zubrzyce (located within the Głubczyce gmina, or the municipality,

of the Opole voivodeship) from November 2011 to October 2012. These excavations were

conducted in accordance with the investment called “the pavement of the municipal road in

Lewice-Zubrzyce”. This included the road construction that was taking place then, as well –

from the east part of Zubrzyce to the border of the Głubczyce gmina at Wierzbiec. The first

step of the earthwork related to the investments included exposing the a strip of land

measuring about 13 meters wide and 550 meters long, which created a possibility of recording

the occurrence of anthropogenic layers located at the site of the excavation. The next segment,

with the length of about 715 meters encompassed a part of the area along the valley of

Wierzbiec, as well as the slope. The research was limited to executing excavations up to the

extension of the existing metalled road that followed along a trench.

Over the duration of the period in which the excavations took place, two previously

unknown Funnel Beaker Culture settlements were discovered. The first of the two was linked

with the known surface nearest it, site “U”, in grounds of the variety of the objects found at

the excavation site. The second, new site was called site “W”, because even though it was

located between sites “L” and “T”, it was in no way associated with them.

Site U is located from about 269 to 271 meters above sea level on a mild slope on an

incline which leads towards the valley. The excavated area was located in the first segment of

terrain, with the first humus layer already removed. As a part of the execution of the investor

excavation, two different concentrations of archeological artifacts were distinguished. The

smaller of the two was located about 60 meters from the Troja riverbed (5 features); the

second and larger localization (21 features) extended to a distance of about 125-155 meters

from the riverbed. Of the investigated features, 11 of them contains finds: 925 pottery

fragments, 44 flints, 884 burnt clay fragments, three spindle whorls, and one miniature stone

hatchet. Furthermore, 13 bone fragments were found and samples taken for archaeobotanic

testing.

The second site is located at an altitude of about 276-278 meters above sea level, along

the ridge of the Wierzbiec valley, at a distance of about 210 meters from the riverbed, in the

second localization aforementioned. Four archeological features have been discovered here.

In the fill, three of the found items were movable artifacts: 266 ceramic fragments, 5 flints, 45

burnt clay fragments.

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Funnel Beaker Culture developed in an area interesting for us, during the second quarter

of the IV millennium BC (Nowak 2009). The previous researches showed that the

environment of the unit is a universal one and does not have any kind of preferences as far as

area of settlement is concerned (Nowak 2009). On account of this, the two sites being in

essentially different physiographic locations is not surprising to us.

Over the course of the excavation, the existence of a culture layer was not recorded, and

the upper layers of soil only contained sporadic evidence of finds. In the ceiling layer, any

objects exposed to tillage damage occurred less so than in the bottom layers. This situation

may be interpreted in two ways:

1. most of the artifacts found in the marked off territory were found in situ, and the

culture layer never formed, since the area itself was rarely ever put to use,

2. the culture layer eroded completely, along with its artifacts, and not many of the

artifacts found in the ceiling layer survived the tillage damage done to them during the

process of recording what was found at the surface.

Regardless of the interpretation, what is significant is that both of the sites had very little

chance of even being discovered during the excavations, and if it hadn’t been for the

archeological surveillance, they would have most likely never been discovered. The problem,

thus, goes deeper than that. As a result of intense agriculture, what interests us is the large

scale of erosion that has occurred at the slopes of the valley. What may follow the erosion is

covering of the sites located on the valley floor by colluvia (deluvia), which would make it

even harder to fulfill the task of traditional prospection. Although the question has been raised

many times throughout literature (Rydlewski, Valde-Nowak 1981, among others) solutions

allowing for the completion of an Archaeological Map of Poland (AZP) group for new

research tools, as well as a new system for the protection of undiscovered sites have not yet

been met with.

The description above leads us to conclude, that in order to attain a fuller picture of the

excavated terrain interdisciplinary research must take place, with geophysical prospection and

complex palaeoecological research included. If able to conduct such work, we might be able

to say what exactly it was that was characteristic of settlements such as these. Are we dealing

with exploitation of certain terrain, by a relatively small groups of peoples (evidence at sites

that follow shows us that settlers lead a nomadic lifestyle), or are we dealing with an intense

and relatively short-lived reign over the land by most of the society? In the case of research

conducted on Funnel Beaker Culture settlements, this question is essential due to the fact that

we are unable to precisely date the site or materials found and as well as the large number of

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existing sites concerning this culture. This problem has been touched upon many times in

literature concerning the subject (most recently Nowak 2009), yet it has not been met with

much possibility to solve it.

The results of the research lead us to the conclusion that archeological surveillance of

the area is necessary, as well as the verification of material on the subject of Funnel Beaker

Culture settlements on the basis of up-to-date research, including Archaeological Map of

Poland, since the data in the last monograph which concerns this question (Kulczycka-

Leciejewiczowa 1993) is now out of date.

References Abłamowicz D., 2004, Człowiek i rodowisko przyrodnicze w dorzeczu górnej Odry. Stan,

potrzeby i perspektywy badawcze [in:] Zmiany rodowiska geograficznego w dobie gospodarki rolno-hodowlanej, studia z obszaru Polski, Muzeum l skie, Katowice, 235-252.

Bukowska-Gedigowa J., 1975, Kultura pucharów lejkowatych w dorzeczu górnej Odry, Przegl d Archeologiczny 23, 83-186.

Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa A, 1993, Osadnictwo neolityczne w Polsce południowo-zachodniej, IAiE PAN, Wrocław

Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa A, 2004, Pocz tki rolniczo-hodowlanej eksploatacji rodowiska naturalnego Nadodrza [in:] Zmiany rodowiska geograficznego w dobie gospodarki rolno-hodowlanej, studia z obszaru Polski, Muzeum l skie, Katowice, 159-170.

Nowak M., 2009, Drugi etap neolityzacji ziem polskich, Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Jagiello skiego, Kraków

Kondracki J., 2011, Geografia regionalna Polski, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszwa Rydlewski J., Valde-Nowak P., 1981, Kilka uwag o programie Archeologicznego Zdj cia

Polski, Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 33, 235-239.