Wind Turbines Begin the Engineering Design Process Let's ...
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Wind Turbines Essential Question: How can renewable resources be transformed into useful energy forms? Enduring Understanding: Renewable, clean energy technologies can improve our quality of life, our future, and create significant economic opportunities. Focus Question: How can I convert the energy of the wind? Challenge (Problem): Your challenge is to design a device that uses the power of the wind to generate electricity. Your group will build your prototype using the supplied materials. (Engage) You will research types of energy, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, electrical energy measurement & generation, and wind turbines & how they function. On completion of this project you will be able to explain the use of wind power as a renewable resource, and build a model wind turbines and experiment with the types of changes that will increase efficiency. Your group will be will be assessed on the prototype’s performance, use of the engineering design process, teamwork, and a group presentation. Begin the Engineering Design Process Let’s Get Started! GOAL: What is the problem your group must solve? DEFINE THE PROBLEM: Criteria: What must you do to solve the problem? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Constraints: What will limit you in solving the problem? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Focus Questions: What do you need to know in order to solve the problem? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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Transcript of Wind Turbines Begin the Engineering Design Process Let's ...
WindTurbines
EssentialQuestion:Howcanrenewableresourcesbetransformedintousefulenergyforms?EnduringUnderstanding:Renewable,cleanenergytechnologiescanimproveourqualityoflife,ourfuture,andcreatesignificanteconomicopportunities.FocusQuestion:HowcanIconverttheenergyofthewind?Challenge(Problem):Yourchallengeistodesignadevicethatusesthepowerofthewindtogenerateelectricity.Yourgroupwillbuildyourprototypeusingthesuppliedmaterials.(Engage)Youwillresearchtypesofenergy,renewableandnon-renewableenergysources,electricalenergymeasurement&generation,andwindturbines&howtheyfunction.Oncompletionofthisprojectyouwillbeabletoexplaintheuseofwindpowerasarenewableresource,andbuildamodelwindturbinesandexperimentwiththetypesofchangesthatwillincreaseefficiency.Yourgroupwillbewillbeassessedontheprototype’sperformance,useoftheengineeringdesignprocess,teamwork,andagrouppresentation.
BegintheEngineeringDesignProcess
Let’sGetStarted!GOAL:Whatistheproblemyourgroupmustsolve?
DEFINETHEPROBLEM:Criteria:Whatmustyoudotosolvetheproblem?1.2.3.4.5.6.
Constraints:Whatwilllimityouinsolvingtheproblem?1.2.3.4.5.6.
FocusQuestions:Whatdoyouneedtoknowinordertosolvetheproblem?1.2.3.4.5.
BuildBackgroundKnowledge:Haveyoueverfeltastrongwind?Whatcouldyoudowithasteady,strongwind?Whenwegetwindtodosomethingforus,wearemakingitwork.Windisairinmotion.ItiscausedbytheunevenheatingofEarth’ssurfacebythesun.Sincethesurfaceismadeofverydifferenttypesoflandandwater,itabsorbsthesun’sheatatdifferentrates.Duringtheday,theairabovethelandheatsupmorequicklythantheairoverwater.Thewarmairoverthelandexpandsandrises,andtheheavier,coolerairrushesintotakeitsplace,creatingwinds.Atnight,thewindsarereversedbecausetheaircoolsmorerapidlyoverlandthanoverwater.Inthesameway,thelargeatmosphericwindsthatcircleEartharecreatedbecausethelandneartheEquatorisheatedmorebythesunthanthelandneartheNorthandSouthPoles.Windiscalledarenewableenergysourcebecausethewindwillblowaslongasthesunshines.Arenewableenergyresourceisonethatisnaturallyregeneratedoverashortperiodoftime(solar,wind,hydropower,geothermalandtidalenergy).Anon-renewableenergysourceisaresourceforwhichthereisalimitedsupply.ThesupplycomesfromtheEarthitselfand,asittypicallytakesmillionsofyearstodevelop,islimited.Examplesarecoal,naturalgas,petroleumandnuclearfuels.Over5,000yearsago,theancientEgyptiansusedwindtosailshipsontheNileRiver.Later,peoplebuiltwindmillstogrindwheatandothergrains.TheearliestknownwindmillswereinPersia(Iran).Theseearlywindmillslookedlikelargepaddlewheels.Centurieslater,thepeopleofHollandimprovedthebasicdesignofthewindmill.Theygaveitpropeller-typeblades,stillmadewithsails.Americancolonistsusedwindmillstogrindwheatandcorn,topumpwater,andtocutwoodatsawmills.Aslateasthe1920s,Americansusedsmallwindmillstogenerateelectricityinruralareasthathadnoelectricservice.Todaythewindisbeingputtoworkagain.Haveyouseenthosetall,modern,whitewindmillslocatedinlargegroupsonopenhillsides?Theyarecalledwindturbines,andwhenthereareseveralofthemtogether,itiscalledawindfarm.Thesewindfarmsarehowengineersconvertwindenergyintousableenergyforpeople,intheformofelectricity.Awindfarmisapowerplantthatuseswindturbinestocreateelectricity.Today,engineerscontinuetomakeimprovementsinwindpowertechnology.Windenergyhasseveraladvantages.Itisarenewableenergysourceanditdoesnotpollutetheenvironment.
Aspowercompaniesinstallwindfarmsinmoreandmorelocations,engineersdesignturbinesandgeneratorsthatworkunderallweatherconditions.Engineersmustdesignturbinestoworkinsevereweatherconditionsaswellastypicalwindydays.Sometimestheforceofthewindcanbesteadyandsometimesitcancauseapowerfulrepetitiveforceonthewindturbine,similartoaflagflappinginthewind.Ifthewindturbineisimproperlydesigned,itmightfallapartinaseverewindstorm.Sincethewinddoesnotblowallofthetime,electricalengineersdevisewaystoensurethatextraenergygeneratedduringwindyperiodscanbestoredforuseduringcalmertimes.Engineersalsodesignwindfarmstoprotectwildlife.Laws,suchastheMigratoryBirdTreatyActandtheEndangeredSpeciesAct,prohibitthekillingofasinglebirdifitisaprotectedspecies.Anearly1990swindfarminCalifornia'sAltamontPasscausedthelossofsomanygoldeneaglesthatconcernswereraisedaboutbuildingmorewindfarms.Engineersareinvolvedwithresearchprojectstoaddressthebird-windpowerprobleminavarietyofsettings,sotheycanreducebirddeathsfromwindplants.Youmightnotexpectengineerstobeconcernedthatwindturbineskillthousandsofinsects.But,deadbugsonthebladescansignificantlyreducehowwelltheturbineswork.Occasionally,utilitiesmuststoptheturbinesandpressure-washhundredsofblades.Toreducetheproblemscausedbyinsects,engineersincorporatenonsticksurfacesanddifferentbladeanglesintotheirdesigns.
Vocabulary:Collectdefinitionsforvocabularytermsasyoubuildbackgroundknowledge.Anemometer:
Beaufortscale: Constraint: Criteria: ElectricCircuit:
Energy:
Generator:
Machine:
Motor:
Nonrenewableenergy: PotentialEnergy: Renewableenergy:
Rotor:
Turbine: Windenergy:
Windfarm:
Windturbine:
Work:
EXPLOREWindPower&ElectricityCompletetheactivitiesonthesewebpages
WINDPOWERNOW:http://www.pbs.org/now/science/wind.html#turbine
Whataresomeadvantagesanddisadvantagesofwindpower?Advantages Disadvantages
Complete:WindPower*America/WIND&MAPSSECTIONShttp://www.pj-i.com/Interactive/WPA/Describehowtheenergyofthewindisconvertedtoelectricalenergy?1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Summarizeeachcomponentofthewind.Origin:
Speed:
Distribution:
Direction:
Environment:
WhatistheaverageannualwindspeedforMaryland(land)?WhatistheaverageannualwindspeedforMaryland(water)?CompletetheWindEnergyVirtualLab:http://scienceofeverydaylife.discoveryeducation.com/innovation/labs/wind-energy/wind.swfFindthemostefficientbladedesign.Attachthe3MWindEnergyDesignResultstotheoppositepage.Drawthebladedesignbelow.
ElectricityLabExplorationCompleteeachofthelabsbelow.Lab-Buildacurcuit. CompletedUsingthesesymbolsdrawadiagramofthecurcuit.
ConvertChemicalenergytoelectricalenergy:Describethetranformationsinenergy._________________________________Measuretheelectricalenergyusingthemulti-meter.
SwitchConnectingWire
Light ElectricMotor
Battery
WindLabExplorationCompleteeachlabbelow.Usethewindgaugetomeasurethewindspeedoutside._______________M.P.H.
Usethewindgaugetomeasurethewindspeedofthefanatadistanceofonemeter._______________M.P.H.
Doyouhaveanyquestionsaboutthischallenge?Isthereanythingyouneedtoknowinordertosolvethisproblem?
IMAGINE:(Extendyourlearning)Brainstormseveraldesignsforyourwindturbineprototype.Shareyourideaswithyourgroup.Pickoneasagroup.
PLAN:Writeadescriptionofyourprototype:
Listmaterialsusedintheprototype.Material Quanitityneeded1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. (Continueonadjacentpage)
CREATE:Constructyourprototype.Asyoufollowedyourplan,whatworkedwell?Whatdidyouchange?EXPERIMENT:TestyourprototypeQuanitative-Set-upyourprototype1meterawayfromthefan._____________M.P.H.–FanWindSpeed_____________voltsofelectricitygenerated
Drawadetaileddiagramofyourprototypeontheoppositepage.Drawasideandafrontview.Labeltheparts.Includemeasurementsofalltheparts.
Qualitative–Describeyourprototype’sperformance.Whenyoutestedyourprototype,diditgenerateelectricity?Diditworkthewayyouplanneditto?IMPROVE:TroubleshootyourprototypeWhatworked? Whatdidn’twork?
Howcanyouimprovetheperformanceofyourprototype?Whatwillyouchange?
Describethechange/syoumadetoyourprototype.RE-EXPERIMENT:Quanitative-Set-upyourprototype1meterawayfromthefan._____________M.P.H.–WindSpeed_____________voltsofelectricitygenerated_____________%ofincreaceordecreaseofelectricitygeneration
Qualitative–Describeyourprototype’sperformance.Whenyoutestedyourprototype,diditgeneratetheelectricity?Diditworkthewayyouplanneditto?Nameyourprototype.-_______________________________Evaluation:PROTOTYPERUBRIC:
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Functio
n
Structurefunctionsextraordinarilywell,holdingupunderatypicalstresses.
Structurefunctionswell,holdingupundertypicalstresses.
Structurefunctionsprettywell,butdeterioratesundertypicalstresses.
Fatalflawsinfunctionwithcompletefailureundertypicalstresses.
Constructio
n-
Materials
Appropriatematerialswereselectedandcreativelymodifiedinwaysthatmadethemevenbetter.
Appropriatematerialswereselectedandtherewasanattemptatcreativemodificationtomakethemevenbetter.
Appropriatematerialswereselected.
Inappropriatematerialswereselectedandcontributedtoaproductthatperformedpoorly.
Constructio
n-C
are
Taken
Greatcaretakeninconstructionprocesssothatthestructureisneat,attractiveandfollowsplansaccurately.
Constructionwascarefulandaccurateforthemostpart,but1-2detailscouldhavebeenrefinedforamoreattractiveproduct.
Constructionaccuratelyfollowedtheplans,but3-4detailscouldhavebeenrefinedforamoreattractiveproduct.
Constructionappearscarelessorhaphazard.Manydetailsneedrefinementforastrongorattractiveproduct.
PRESENTATIONRUBRIC:Asagroupplanapresentationthatsharesyourfindings,designandprototype.YoucanusePowerPoint,aFlipchart,avideooracombinationofthese.Bepreparedtopresenttothegroup.Yourgroup’spresentationwillbescoredusingrubricbelow.
3 2 1Completelydescribestheprosandconsofthedesignplan.
Somewhatdescribestheprosandconsofthedesignplan.
Failstodescribetheprosandconsofthedesignplan.
Describesthetasktheprototypeisdesignedtoaccomplish.
Somewhatdescribesthetasktheprototypeisdesignedtoaccomplish.
Failstodescribesthetasktheprototypeisdesignedtoaccomplish.
Usethedataforyourdesign,toexplainfailuresorsuccessesoftheprototype.
Somewhatusesthedataforyourdesign,toexplainfailuresorsuccessesoftheprototype.
Failstousethedataforyourdesign,toexplainfailuresorsuccessesoftheprototype.
Discussyourteam’sfinaldesignplan.Whatchangesdidyoumaketotheoriginaldesign?Whatchangeswouldyoumaketoimproveyourprototypenow?
Discussedtwoaspectsofthedesign.
Discussedoneorlessaspectsofthedesign.
Completelyanswersthequestions:Howcanrenewableresourcesbetransformedintousefulenergyforms?
HowcanIconverttheenergyofthewind?
Somewhatanswersthequestions:Howcanrenewableresourcesbetransformedintousefulenergyforms?
HowcanIconverttheenergyofthewind?
Failstoanswerthequestions:Howcanrenewableresourcesbetransformedintousefulenergyforms?
HowcanIconverttheenergyofthewind?
Sharesinformationabouttheuseofwindturbinesintheworldtoday,theirprosandcons,andotherrelevantbackgroundinformation.
Somewhatsharesinformationabouttheuseofwindturbinesintheworldtoday,theirprosandcons,andotherrelevantbackgroundinformation.
Failstoshareinformationabouttheuseofwindturbinesintheworldtoday,theirprosandcons,andotherrelevantbackgroundinformation.
Collaborationisobvious.Allmembersofthegroupparticipateinthepresentation.
Allmembersofthegroupparticipateinthepresentation.
Singlememberofthegrouppresents.
Effectiveuseofvocabularyinpresentation.
Somevocabularyusedinpresentation.
Vocabularywasnotusedinthepresentation.
ScoringforJournalEntries(Individual)Journalswillbegradedthroughouttheproject.
3 2 1Eachstepisdatedandaddedtothetableofcontents.
Moststepsaredatedandaddedtothetableofcontents.
Eachstepisdatedandaddedtothetableofcontents.
EachTableofContentsentryidentifiesthestepbyaheading.
Mostentriesidentifythestepbyaheading.
HeadingsarenotenteredintheTableofContents.
Drawing/prototypedesignsareclearlylabeledwiththepartsanddirectionalarrowsforforces.Includesmeasurementsofalltheparts.
Twoofthecomponentsarecompleted.
Oneofthecomponentsiscompleted.
Datacollectionisdetailed.(quantitative,qualitative)
Datacollectionisincomplete.(quantitative,qualitative)
Failedtocollectdata.(quantitative,qualitative)
Accurateandlabeleddiagramsateachstageofdevelopment,withaside,topandfrontview.Labelparts.Measurementsofalltheparts.
Twoofthecomponentsarecompleted.
Oneofthecomponentsiscompleted.
Detailedcollectionofbackgroundinformation.
Minimalcollectionofbackgroundinformation.
Nocollectionofbackgroundinformation.
EvidencetheEngineeringDesignProcesswasused.
Detailsforeachsteparecomplete.
2
Detailsforeachstepareincomplete.
1
Detailsforeachstepnotcompleted.
0Goal Goal GoalAsk Ask Ask
Imagine Imagine ImaginePlan Plan PlanCreate Create Create
Experiment Experiment ExperimentImprove Improve Improve
Re-Experiment Re-Experiment Re-Experiment
ADDITIONALRESOURCES:
