water safety plan (wsp) for municipal committee jacobabad (mcj)

Water Governance and Capacity Building Support

WGCB Jacobabad

Milestone-Development of Water Safety Plan (WSP)

WATER SAFETY PLAN (WSP) FOR

MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE

JACOBABAD (MCJ)

This Report was made possible by the support of the American people through the United States

Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the sole responsibility of HANDS

and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. government.

Submitted to: Hafeezullah Samo

COR-USAID

Submitted by: Ghulam Mustafa Zaor

Chief of Party- CoP-

WG&CB Activity

Tel: +92.21. 34532804

Email: [email protected]

Contract Number: No. 72039119C00001

Date: 04-02-2021

WATER SAFETY PLAN (WSP) FOR

MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE

JACOBABAD (MCJ)

mailto:[email protected]

i

Contents LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................ v

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... vi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the Assignment .................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 WSP Approach ............................................................................................................................................ 2

1.3 Brief Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 2: MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY OF MCJ AND WSP TEAM ................................................. 5

2.1 Organizational and Management Hierarchy of MCJ ................................................................................... 5

2.2 Assembly of WSP Team ............................................................................................................................. 6

CHAPTER 3: WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF JACOBABAD ...................................................................... 9

3.1 Description of the Water Supply System .................................................................................................... 9

3.2 Population and Water Demand .................................................................................................................... 13

3.3 Water Supply Capacity and Infrastructure .................................................................................................. 13

3.4 Water Supply and Distribution Network ..................................................................................................... 15

CHAPTER 4: IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................ 18

4.1 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment at Canal Intake (Source) ........................................................ 20

4.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment at Lagoons and Rising Main .................................................. 21

4.3 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Water Treatment Plant ........................................................... 22

4.4 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment at Water Supply and Distribution Network ........................... 23

CHAPTER 5: CONTROL MEASURES, VALIDATION OF CONTROL MEASURES, AND

REASSESSMENT OF RISK RATING ............................................................................................................. 25

5. 1 Control Measures at Intake (Source) .......................................................................................................... 25

5.2 Control Measures at Lagoons ...................................................................................................................... 28

5.3 Control Measures at Water Treatment Plant ............................................................................................... 30

5.4 Control Measures at Distribution Network (Control Measures) ................................................................. 33

5.5 Energy (electricity/fuel) requirements for operation of the water system ................................................... 35

CHAPTER 6: OPERATIONAL MONITORING PLAN AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR WSP 37

6.1 Operational Monitoring Plan (OMP) ........................................................................................................... 37

6.2 Verification Monitoring Plan (VMP) .......................................................................................................... 58

6.3 WSP Auditing .............................................................................................................................................. 61

6.4 Management Procedures ............................................................................................................................. 62

6.5 Emergency response plan ............................................................................................................................ 63

ii

6.6 Water Availability Plans for Summers, Winter, and Canal Closure ........................................................... 65

6.7 Water Requirement by 2050 ........................................................................................................................ 65

6.8 Supporting Programs ................................................................................................................................... 66

6.9 Communication Strategy ............................................................................................................................. 67

6.10 Establishing Alternate Sources for Safe Drinking Water Supply ............................................................ 69

6.11 Human Resources Management ............................................................................................................... 70

6.13 Outsourcing the Water Supply ................................................................................................................. 70

6.13 WSP Steering Committee ........................................................................................................................ 71

ANNEXURES ................................................................................................................................................... 72

Annex-1: Organogram of Municipal Committee Jacobabad (Additions) .......................................................... 73

Annex-2: Zone Wise Distribution Networks ..................................................................................................... 74

Annex-3: Power and chemical requirements for different scenarios for operation of the water system at MCJ

80

Annex-4: PQSCA Standards for Drinking Water Quality 4639-2004(R) .......................................................... 82

iii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Breakup of the MCH staff directly associated with WTP and lagoon management ........................... 6

Table 2: The existing water system with capacities of each infrastructure ...................................................... 14

Table 3: Command Area (6 zones, Source: MCJ) ........................................................................................... 16

Table 4: Description and ratings associated with the likelihood of hazards. ................................................... 18

Table 5: Description and ratings associated with the consequences of hazards .............................................. 18

Table 6: Risk rating score and estimated risk level.......................................................................................... 19

Table 7: Monitoring Plan for Raw water intake, Reservoirs (lagoons), WTP, and distributor network. ......... 39

Table 8: Health-related water quality parameters monitoring ......................................................................... 49

Table 9: Example for Developing Sampling Points and Coding. .................................................................... 52

Table 10: Example for recording keeping of sampling points and coding ...................................................... 53

Table 11: Example for reporting of sampling points and coding ..................................................................... 53

Table 12: Guideline for visual and physical inspection/monitoring ................................................................ 54

Table 13: Compliance monitoring parameters and frequency. ........................................................................ 58

Table 14: Guideline for complaint register development. ............................................................................... 59

Table 15: Third-Party Audit Tasks, Activities, and Output. ............................................................................ 61

Table 16: Filter Plant O& M and Water Quality SOPs. ................................................................................... 62

Table 17: Additional SOPs for effective management on water services. ....................................................... 63

Table 18: Types of emergencies/ incidents and plan of actions ....................................................................... 63

Table 19: Estimated projection on water requirement and storage capacities based on population. ............... 65

Table 20: Training and awareness sessions. .................................................................................................... 66

Table 21: Guideline for developing communication plan ................................................................................ 68

Table 22: Example for developing communication plan ................................................................................. 68

Table 23: Health Data Sharing Format ............................................................................................................ 69

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location map of the water supply and distribution system, Jacobabad ............................................. 2

Figure 2: Schematic for developing a Water Safety Plan (WSP) (adopted from WHO manual) ...................... 4

Figure 3: Management hierarchy of MCJ .......................................................................................................... 5

Figure 4: Proposed team for WSP implementation and improvement............................................................... 7

Figure 5: Schematic diagram of water intake, storage, and distribution to WTP. ............................................. 9

Figure 6: Water supply network from intake to WTP...................................................................................... 11

Figure 7: Water supply and distribution from WTP to OHRs and households of 6-zones. ............................. 12

Figure 8: Population and water demand projection from the year 2020 to 2050 (Source PHED) ................... 13

Figure 9: Water quality monitoring process. ................................................................................................... 37

Figure 10: The visual and physical inspection monitoring process ................................................................. 38

Figure 11: Graphical representation of operational monitoring plan (OMP)................................................... 57

Figure 12: Framework for the verification monitoring plan (VMP). ............................................................... 58

v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AENs Assistant Engineers

APHA American Public Health Association

CFU Colony Forming Unit

CRT Residual Concentration × Contact time

DHIS District Health Information System

DO Dissolved oxygen

E. Coli Escherichia Coli

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

GoS Government of Sindh

HLPS High lifting pumps

LLPS Low lifting pumps

MCJ Municipal Committee Jacobabad

MG Million gallons

MGD Million gallons per day

MSDP Municipal Services Delivery Program

MSDP-S Municipal Services Delivery Program-Sindh

NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards

OHR Overhead reservoir

PDH Pakistan Demographic and Health

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

TDS Total dissolved solids

UC Union Council

V. Cholera Vibrio Cholera

WSP Water Safety Plan

WTP Water Treatment Plant

WGCB Water Governance and Capacity Building

WHO World Health Organization

vi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The USAID/Pakistan and the Government of Sindh (GoS) have taken collective actions to improve

essential municipal services in Jacobabad city. Municipal Services Delivery Program-Sindh (MSDP-

S) in Jacobabad city is a part of the initiative financed by USAID/Pakistan. The program is aimed to

improve the accessibility of all Jacobabad city residents by the rehabilitation of the existing system and

the addition of necessary components. Consequently, an upgraded water treatment and distribution

system has been installed in the city. This report presents a comprehensive Water Safety Plan (WSP)

that is developed for the water system of Jacobabad city by the US-Pakistan Center for Advanced

Studies in Water (USPCAS-W), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET),

Jamshoro. The goal of the WSP is to enable the Municipal Committee of Jacobabad (MCJ) to ensure

end-user access to safe drinking water through the best water supply practices while meeting the

following specific objectives: (i) to prevent contamination of water at the source, (ii) to treat the water

to reduce and remove contaminations that could be present to the extent necessary to meet the water

quality targets, and (iii) to counteract re-contamination in water storage, treatment, and supply system.

The WSP approach adopted in the current work is strictly borrowed from WHO Manual on Water

Safety Plans1.

The WSP, as the very first task, is proposing a team for implementing the WSP based on a detailed

review of the existing management hierarchy of MCJ and human resources available at the upgraded

water treatment plant. The proposed team will be responsible for the implementation, execution, and

regular improvement of WSP. The team will be led by the Municipal Officer of MCJ, who will report

to the Chairman MCJ. The Municipal Officer will supervise the WASH officer, Laboratory in-charge,

Assistant Engineer (Civil), Assistant Engineer (Electrical and Mechanical), WASH committee

representative, and district administration representative.

The existing water supply system of Jacobabad city includes an intake structure from Khirthar canal

(source water), water reservoirs (3 lagoons with a total storage capacity of 360 million gallons), two

backup power generators (100 KVA, and 700 KVA), an upgraded water treatment plant (2 clarifiers,

sand filters, disinfection, two backup power generators, each 315 KVA), six overhead tanks for six

zones of Jacobabad city, and a water distribution network. The upgraded water supply system's design

1 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/75141/9789241562638_eng.pdf?sequence=1andisAllowed=y

vii

capacity is 14.5 million gallons per day (MGD), to cover projected water supply up to the year 2050.

Currently, 12,005 connections are provided to the citizens of Jacobabad, with current water demand of

2.65 MGD. According to an estimate by the Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), the total

water demand will increase to 9.2 MGD based on 30,000 connections by 2050.

Hazards and risks were identified and assessed with their likelihood and severity and final risk rating,

based on the detailed and systematic field observation and monitoring of water quality. The risk ratings

were obtained by multiplying scores for likelihood with the severity of hazards (0-50). A

brainstorming session was organized to assign a class for each risk (low, medium, moderately high,

and high) against each component of water supply, i.e., intake, reservoirs, pumping stations, water

treatment plant, overhead reservoirs, and distribution system. Identifying hazardous events and risk

rating included causes of deterioration of water quality, whereas health-related indicators were of

prime focus for risk assessment. The risk assessment exercise led to the development of relevant

control measures and validation of control measures for each identified hazardous event. Furthermore,

more than one control and validation measures were described for a single hazardous event. The risks

were reassessed, considering the adoption of the proposed control measures. Electric power shortage

can be considered as a significant challenge for the efficient operation of the water system. The

estimated power requirement to meet water demand for 30,000 connections and to meet maximum

water demand by 2050 is about 784,000 KW/month. This estimated power requirement can help MCJ

to negotiate with power supply authorities and arrange fuel for alternate power supply (in-house

generators) or install a solar power system.

A detailed operational monitoring plan for the water system of Jacobabad is developed, based on risk

assessment, validation of control measures, and reassessment of risk rating, which provides the

location of monitoring, frequency, method, and responsibility of implementation of control actions.

This detailed monitoring plan is then used to generate specific, measurable health-related control

actions (Table 8) and visual/physical inspection measures. For effective implementation of WSP,

monitoring plan, WSP auditing, management procedures, emergency response plan, supporting

programs, and communication strategy has been developed. In addition, alternate sources for safe

water supply are identified, in case of canal closure for a longer period, which includes (i) groundwater

extraction, (ii) installation of RO plant, and (iii) water supply through tanker in extreme emergency

viii

situation. A Steering Committee is suggested as an advisory body and to steer the WSP

implementation, compromises of Deputy commissioner (convener), district health officer (member),

academia representative (2 nominated members), NGO representative (nominated member), Mohalla

WASH committee representative (2 nominated members), and CMO (Secretary). The WSP Steering

Committee will make policy decisions, guide the WSP team of MCJ in the execution of WSP. Further,

it will ensure effective monitoring through regular reporting. The committee will set targets and ensure

compliance as per the WSP in Jacobabad. The committee will meet quarterly to review the progress

and implementation status of the WSP and will discuss issues, provide guidelines and make

suggestions to the WSP team to ensure successful compliance of WSP. The committee may constitute

a sub-committee for a specific task to be accomplished, as and when necessary.

1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Assignment

The USAID/Pakistan and the Government of Sindh (GoS) have taken collective actions to

improve essential municipal services in Jacobabad city. Municipal Services Delivery Program-

Sindh (MSDP-S) in Jacobabad city is a part of this initiative financed by USAID. The program

is aimed to improve the accessibility of all Jacobabad city residents to safely managed drinking

water by the rehabilitation of the existing system and the addition of necessary components.

As a result, the water treatment and distribution system has been upgraded, and the essential

municipal infrastructure installed in the city. A map of the water intake and storage system

location, water filter plant, and water supply distribution network for Jacobabad city, built as

an outcome of combined efforts of GoS and USAID, is given in Figure 1. A detailed description

is provided in Chapter-3 of this report.

Jacobabad city, capital of district Jacobabad and center of Jacobabad Taluka, is ranked 9th

largest city in Sindh, Pakistan. The city is subdivided into eight Union Councils (UCs), namely

Soomra Mohalla, Lashari Mohalla, Shah Gazi Mohalla, Drakhan Mohalla, Phool Bagh, Mochi

Basti, Jaffarabad Mohalla, and Dastagir Colony, managed and operated by Municipal

Corporation Jacobabad (MCJ). The population of Jacobabad was 191,076 persons as per the

census 2018, with an average annual population growth of 1.89%2. The total area covered by

the eight union councils is approximately 10.25 square kilometers. Jacobabad lies in a drought-

prone geographic zone, with extremely hot summers, mild winters, and an average annual

rainfall of 122.5 mm. The groundwater of Jacobabad city is brackish in most areas, highly

contaminated, and unfit for human consumption. The city is the center for the rice crop and is

supported by the irrigation of surface water from the Khirthar canal and groundwater.

A comprehensive Water Safety Plan (WSP) for the newly upgraded water system of Jacobabad

city is required to ensure safe water access during its operation. This draft “Water Safety Plan

(WSP) for Municipal Committee Jacobabad (MCJ)” has been prepared by the US-Pakistan

Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCAS-W), Mehran University of Engineering and

Technology (MUET), Jamshoro, under the “Water Governance and Capacity Building –

WGCB” Program funded by USAID/ Pakistan.

2 https://www.citypopulation.de/en/pakistan/distr/admin/805__jacobabad/

2

Figure 1: Location map of the water supply and distribution system, Jacobabad

1.2 WSP Approach

The USPCAS-W has developed the Water Safety Plan (WSP) in consultation with Municipal

Committee Jacobabad, the local community, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure safe

drinking water supply while adopting a risk management approach that encompasses all steps

of the water supply system from source to the end-user/consumer. The work scope for

developing a comprehensive WSP covers a comprehensive system assessment for hazards

identification, identification of controls to ensure meeting health-based targets, risk

management, and surveillance approach for the water system of Jacobabad.

3

The work includes safety plans for all activities, starting from the water source, treatment, and

supply to end-users/consumers. The WSP is developed following the WSP manual, WHO3 to

preventive management framework for safe drinking water.

1.2.1 Terms of References (TORs)

The terms of the references (TORs) of the WSP framework are given below:

1) Health-based targets (based on an evaluation of health concerns),

2) System assessment to determine whether the water supply chain from the source

through treatment to the point of consumption, as a whole, can deliver water of a quality

that meets the health-based targets

3) Operational monitoring of the control measures in the supply chain which is of

particular importance in securing drinking-water safety

4) Management plans (documenting the system assessment and monitoring; describing

actions to be taken in normal operation and incident conditions – including upgrade and

improvement), documentation, and communication

5) A system of independent surveillance that verifies that the above are operating properly

1.2.2 Objectives of the WSP

The specific objective of the WSP is to enable MCJ to ensure safe drinking water through the

best water supply practices. These objectives are given the following:

1) To prevent contamination of water at source;

2) To treat the water to reduce and remove contamination to the extent necessary to meet the

water quality targets; and,

3) To counteract re-contamination during storage, distribution, and handling of drinking

water.

4) To meet the international standards and practices, using the WHO Manual on Water Safety

Plans4 as a guide.

3 Water Safety Plan Manual: Step-by-step risk management for drinking water supply, WHO, 2009 4 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/75141/9789241562638_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

4

1.3 Brief Methodology

The WSP was developed based on the objectives mentioned earlier and the guidelines of the

WSP manual of WHO (Water Safety Plan Manual: Step-by-Step risk management for drinking

water supply5). The schematic of the process adopted for the development of WSP is given in

Figure 2.

WSP Team Preparation

- Proposition of WSP team in accordance

with existing management hierarchy of

MCJ

System Assessment

- Describe the water supply system

- Identify the hazards and assess the risks

- Determine and validate control measures,

re-assess the risks

- Develop, implement, and maintain an

improvement/upgrade WSP plan

- Develop operational and management plan

WSP Improvement Plan

Review and Revision of the WSP if

and when needed and/or following

the incident

WSP consultation and feedback;

consumers satisfaction based

WSP/system improvements

System Improvement Plan

(Proposed minor/major

improvement in the water

system to meet water

demand and ensure water

quality)

Operational and Management

Monitoring Plan

- Define and develop a monitoring plan of

control measures, system operations and

management

- Verification Monitoring Plan of the WSP

Incident(s)

(emergency)

Management and Communication

- Propose/Plan all management procedures

- Develop/Plan supporting programmes

- Communication consultation and consumer

feedback plan

Figure 2: Schematic for developing a Water Safety Plan (WSP) (adopted from WHO

manual)

The WSP has the following major components:

MCJ management hierarchy and proposed team for WSP execution

System assessment of water supply system

Developed control measures and proposed improvements/upgrades of the system

Developed SOPs for water quality laboratory operations and water quality analysis

Management and operational strategies plans

Management and operational monitoring plans

HR and financial management and communication plans

Consultation and consumers’ feedback plan

5 Bartram J, Corrales L, Davison A, Deere D, Drury D, Gordon B, Howard G, Rinehold A, Stevens M. Water safety plan manual: step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers. World Health Organization. Geneva, 2009

5

CHAPTER 2: MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY OF

MCJ AND WSP TEAM

2.1 Organizational and Management Hierarchy of MCJ

The Municipal Committee Jacobabad (MCJ) is led by the Chief Municipal Officer (CMO),

under the supervision of Chairman and Vice Chairman of MCJ. The CMO directly supervises

the municipal engineer, chief officer, accounts officer, revenue officer, and taxation officer.

The detailed organogram is given in Annex-1, and a summary of the hierarchy is shown in

Figure 3.

Figure 3: Management hierarchy of MCJ.

Based on the data collected during the field visit of USPCAS-W team, the total number of

current staff is 38 (directly associated with the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and lagoon O&M

and management), excluding the higher management. A breakup of staff members with their

general roles is given in Table 1.

Chairman

Cheif Municial Officer

Cheif Officer

Office Superintendent

Council Officer

Municipal Engineer

AEN

(M&E)AEN (Civil)

WASH Officer

Account Officer

Revenue Officer

Texation Officer

Vice Chairman

6

Table 1: Breakup of the MCH staff directly associated with WTP and lagoon management.

Position Number of staff

Plant supervisor for overall supervision from lagoons to WTP and supply and distribution

1

Civil Engineer for plant and lagoons monitoring and supervision 1

Plumbers for plumbing and line maintenance 8

Valve man for overhead reservoirs (OHRs) filling and distribution 9

Patrolling officers for patrolling on water distribution line and power line

3

Low lifting pump (LLP) operators 2

High lifting pump (HLP) operators 2

Plant pump operators for plant operation and associated activities

6

Lab technicians for water sampling and laboratory analysis 3

Plant shift in-charge of plant supervision 3

Watchman 1

Additional staff*

WASH revenue officer 1

Sub-engineer on the distribution network 1

*With shared activities of WTP and MCJ and placement in MCJ main office

Most of the WTP maintenance work is currently being outsourced, like the pumps, valves,

electrical repairs, etc. and there is no designated staff/personnel on MCJ payroll for WTP

housekeeping.

Financially, MCJ depends heavily on grants from the GoS for the water system’s operation

instead of relying on revenue generation from commercial activities and water supply

connections. However, MCJ has a vibrant vision of ensuring the water system’s financial

sustainability and maintenance by generating revenue from the end-users in Jacobabad city.

For this, a three-year business plan has been jointly developed by the HANDS Pakistan and

MCJ and under approval from relevant authorities.

2.2 Assembly of WSP Team

The WSP team will be responsible for implementing, executing, and refining the WSP,

composed of the technically capable team leaders from MCJ, representatives of WASH

coordinators from relevant communities, and district administration officials nominated for the

purpose. The WSP team leader will act as a coordinator to engage senior MCJ management

and supervise WSP team members to execute the tasks defined in the WSP. The proposed

organogram and composition of the WSP team is given in Figure 4.

7

Responsibilities of WSP team members

WSP Team Leader: The Municipal Officer will act as the team leader of WSP and engage

senior management of MCJ for continuous improvement of WSP. He/she will supervise

Assistant Engineers (AENs), laboratory in-charge, and revenue/tax officer, and also liaison

with the Deputy Commissioner Jacobabad and the WASH committee through their

representatives.

Figure 4: Proposed team for WSP implementation and improvement.

Deputy Commissioner office representative: Deputy Commissioner office will nominate a

representative to coordinate with WSP team. The representative will participate in all the WSP

progress review meetings and share the district administration's progress and developments.

He will also address any relevant issue concerning district administrating units, such as issuing

an early warning to the WSP team for water quality monitoring in case of an outbreak of any

water-borne disease in the communities.

Assistant Engineer (Electrical and Mechanical): The Assistant Engineer (E&M) will be

responsible for electrical and mechanical work and troubleshooting under the WSP team

leader’s supervision. AEN (E&M) will utilize the current workforce under his leadership for

the operation of pumps. Training sessions for continuous capacity building will be arranged

under AEN (E&M), and additional staff will be hired, depending upon review of WSP cycles.

Assistant Engineer (Civil): He/She will supervise a team of experts to operate the water

treatment plant (WTP), distribution network, overhead tanks, and maintenance issues. Training

and additional staff requirement will be identified by AEN (Civil) and communicated to the

team leader during the execution of the WSP cycle.

8

WASH officer: WASH officer will be responsible for routine monitoring of water system

including water sampling, ensuring following of SOPs for water sampling, corrective measures

monitoring.

Water Quality Laboratory in-charge: Operation of water quality laboratory, development and

following SOPs for water sampling and analysis, and taking samples from intake, influent, and

effluent of WTP from an intermediate stage of WTP will be prime responsibilities of the

laboratory in-charge. The lab in-charge will work closely with AEN (Civil) to share water

analysis results while reporting directly to the team leader.

Revenue/Tax Officer: This office will ensure maximum revenue generation from water end-

user (both domestic and commercial) to ensure financial sustainability. The revenue office will

get direction from the team leader and liaison with the deputy commissioner officer and WASH

committee.

9

CHAPTER 3: WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF

JACOBABAD

3.1 Description of the Water Supply System

The water supply system in Jacobabad was established in the early 1960s by the Public Health

Engineering Department (PHED), Sindh. The system consisted of only one lagoon (storage

capacity 110 MG) receiving water through natural gravity flow following low lifting pumps

(LLPS) supported water intake from the Khirthar canal. After gravity settling of silt and manual

chlorine dosing, high lifting pumps (HLPS) supply and distribute the water from the lagoon to

Jacobabad city. However, the water supply system was insufficient due to rapid population

growth and the non-availability of required resources for efficient operation and maintenance.

In the year 2004/05, water supply improvement projects were started and reached completion

in 2008. These initial improvement projects were mainly focused on the construction and

rehabilitation of intake lagoons 1 and 2 (storage capacity of 110 MG each), filtration plant

including clarifiers and six filtration beds, and a newly placed distribution system for supply

and distribution to Jacobabad city. The schematic diagram for water intake from the canal,

storage in lagoons, and distribution to WTP is shown in Figure 5. Despite these significant

improvement and rehabilitation projects, the overall system lacked water supply as per the

demand of different Jacobabad city zones, timely maintenance of required pressure, and access

to safe drinking water in the distribution network, especially in tail-end areas.

Figure 5: Schematic diagram of water intake, storage, and distribution to WTP.

During 2012-2020, a progressive water system improvement project was initiated and

implemented under the USAID-supported MSDP-Sindh with improved operational capacities

of 14.5 MGD. This latest improvement project included the installation of an additional lagoon

(lagoon-3, 140 MG of storage capacity), new HLPS and raw water distribution line, and

10

installation of a new clarifier tank, four filtration beds, alum and chlorine dozing systems, new

supply and distribution pumps and panels for safe supply of filtered water, construction of six

overhead reservoirs (OHRs), newly developed distribution line for supply and distribution

from the treatment plant to OHRs, and a well-integrated network covering the 6-zones and

eight union councils. A well-equipped water quality laboratory is also established to ensure the

regular monitoring of water quality from catchment to end-user distribution. The layout maps

of the old and new water infrastructures are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.

Water withdrawal occurs from the Khirthar canal for intake to the three lagoons for

storage.

Raw water is pumped from lagoons to the water treatment plant (WTP) for filtration,

bacterial disinfection, and storage in an underground filtered/cleared water tank.

From underground storage of cleared/filtered water at WTP, water is pumped to six (6)

OHRs located into six (6) zones within Jacobabad city integrated with a closed supply

loop.

Water is supplied to the end-users through gravity-driven flow and pressure through a

closed-loop distribution network to most of the Jacobabad population surrounding the

6-zones.

11

Figure 6: Water supply network from intake to WTP.

16’’ 16’’

24’’

24’’

24’’

24’’

HLPs

HLPs

16’’

22 Km

Khirthar Canal

Filtered Water

Underground

Storage Tank

0.5 MG

Chlorination

Disinfection

Dozing

LLPs

Clarifiers

s

Sand Filters

Supply and

Distribution

to 6 OHRs

Alum

Dozing

Distribution

Pumps

12

Figure 7: Water supply and distribution from WTP to OHRs and households of 6-

zones.

Distribution

Pumps

Integrated

water supply

distribution

network at exit

of each OHR

0.75’’ 0.75’’ 0.75’’ 0.75’’

0.75’’’

6’’ 6’’

8’’ 8’’

12’’

24’’

Filtered Water Underground Storage Tank

0.5 MG

7 Km loop

Chlorine

dosing

OHR

147 km long

distribution

network

End

users

Closed

manifold loop

of distribution

line for filling of

each OHR

Sand Filters

13

3.2 Population and Water Demand

The projected population and water demand from the year 2020 to 2050 (source: PHED; WTP

Operational and Maintenance Manual MCJ) for Jacobabad city are summarized in Figure 8,

based on water consumption of 30 gallons per capita per day and population growth rate 1.69%.

Figure 8: Population and water demand projection from the year 2020 to 2050 (Source

PHED)

3.3 Water Supply Capacity and Infrastructure

After upgradation through the USAID supported MSDP water improvement project, the

extended water supply capacity is 14.5 MGD (65,917 m3/day) to meet 50-years projected

demands. All the water supply network components, including water intake and transmission,

storage, pumping at various stages, and treatment and distribution systems, have been designed

based on the needed improvement in already installed water supply infrastructures. Significant

enhancements included improving intake and lagoons, supply pumps, clarifiers, construction

of overhead reservoirs, and a newly placed distribution network of domestic water to Jacobabad

residents. The existing distribution system and capacities are summarized in Error! Reference

ource not found., which were previously shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.

2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Population 197158 211454 227795 245400 264366 284797 306807

Water demand 5.91 6.34 6.83 7.36 7.93 8.54 9.2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

Wat

er d

eman

d, M

GD

Po

pu

lati

on

14

Table 2: The existing water system with capacities of each infrastructure.

Intake Five (5) intake lines from the Khirthar canal, two lifting pumps

supported intakes (one old and one new), and distribution to

lagoon-1 and lagoon-3, with natural gravity catchment to lagoon-1

and lagoon-2

Storage/retention Three (3) storage lagoons with a total 360 MGD capacity, including

newly structured lagoon-3 (capacity 140 MG)

The storage capacity of these lagoons during the canal closure

period is sufficient to supply water for 45 days at a constant raw

water supply of around 8 MGD per day to the WTP (25 days for

maximum water consumption, if the system operates at full

capacity, i.e., 14.5 MGD).

Pumping station Old and new pumping system with a common 24-inch diameter

manifold between the old and new lagoons and 22 km long raw

water distribution line

Filtration plant:

Clarifier, alum, and

chlorine dosing

systems

New clarifier tank and automatic alum and chlorine dozing systems

Distribution pumps Total 12 supply and distribution pumps, including six newly

installed pumps for supply and filling to OHRs

Distribution network

to OHRs

Seven (7) km long 24-inch diameter supply and OHRs filling line

with the closed filling loop between the treatment plant and six

OHRs

Overhead reservoirs Six (6) OHRs of total 1.21 MGD capacity, at an elevated height of

25 to 28 meters above the ground level for continuous gravity-

driven water supply and distribution to respective distribution

zones

Water supply network Newly integrated water distribution pipe network of various pipe

sizes from 12-inches to 0.75-inches, from the OHRs, in all 6-zones

covering all eight union councils

15

Water quality

laboratory

Well-equipped water quality laboratory for periodic water quality

analysis and ensuring water quality surveillance as per the WHO

guidelines

Power generation

facility

In-house power generation facility has two power generators at

intake/lagoons (100 KVA and 700 KVA) and two power generators

(315 KVA each) at the water treatment plant.

3.4 Water Supply and Distribution Network

Under the USAID funded MSDP project, an integrated new water supply distribution network

is laid, covering all 6-zones and eight union councils of Jacobabad city. The distribution

network includes six OHRs, approximately twenty-five meters above the ground level, a

transmission loop from the manifold at the treatment plant to feed/fill the six OHRs. These

OHRs are divided into 6-zones, keeping in view each zone’s domestic demand features and

topography. The estimated water demand for these 6-zones is around 2.65 MGD based on the

currently connected registered 12,005 connections. Each connection covers an average of 7

members per household at a consumption capacity of 30 gallons/capita/day (source: HANDS

Pakistan). The water demand is estimated to rise to 6.3 MGD based on the targeted 30,000

connections. Each zone’s water distribution network consists of different pipe sizes for water

distribution, ranging from 12-inches (pipes exiting from OHRs) to 0.75-inches (inlet points

near the users/households). The distribution network is designed to supply water from the

OHRs using gravity-driven continuous water flow at an optimal pressure to tail-end users. A

schematic of the transmission loop connected with 6 OHRs is shown earlier in Figure 7. The

zone-wise distribution networks are presented in Annex-2, and the command area of each zone

is provided in Table 3 (source: MCJ).

16

Table 3: Command Area (6 zones, Source: MCJ).

Zone # 1(37.1 km)

Police Force Ground OHR

Sub zone 1-A:

i) Afzal Khan Khoso road

(Partial).

ii) Shaikh Mohalla.

iii) Drakhan Mohalla.

iv) Sonara Bazzar.

v) Pir Bukhari area

(Partial).

Sub zone 1-B

i) Haq Bahoo Mohalla.

ii) Kalati khan Brohi.

iii) Soomro village.

iv) Ahmed Mian Soomro

village.

Sub zone 1-C

i) Shidi Mohalla.

ii) Graveyard opposite

area.

iii) Gulaab Maachi village

and adjacent area.

Zone # 2(20 km)

Bus Stand OHR

Sub zone 2-A

i) Brohi Mohalla

ii) Cinema road.

iii) Eidgah Mohalla.

iv) Saddar Bazar

v) Dangar Mohalla

vi) Lashari Mohalla

(Partial)

vii) Quetta road (Partial)

Sub zone 2-B

i) Garhi Sabhayo.

ii) Moladad crossing area.

iii) Mochi Basti (Partial

area)

Zone # 3(30 km)

TMA OHR

Sub zone 3-A

i) Civil hospital quarters

ii) PTCL Colony

iii) Dastagir colony (Muhajir

colony)

iv) St. Johns School road area.

Sub zone 3-B

i) Civil court

ii) SP House

iii) Shahbaz Colony

iv) Purani Mal piri.

v) Masjid Pir Bukhari area

(Partial)

vi) Shaikh Abdul Nabi road

vii) Family line

viii) Afzal khan khoso road

(Partial)

Sub zone 3-C

i) DC office

ii) Quaid-e-Azam road area

iii) Shah Ghazi Mohalla

iv) Bano Bazar

v) Saddar Bazar

vi) Lashari Mohalla (Partial)

vii) G.P.O.

17

Zone # 4(14.4 km)

Mochi Basti OHR

i) Mochi Basti (Partial)

ii) Allahabad colony

(Partially half area)

iii) Railway quarters

iv) Gharibabad Mohalla

v) Christian colony

vi) Wapda colony (Partial)

vii) Mukhtiarkar road.

viii) Quetta road (Partial)

Zone # 5(26 km)

Numaish Ground OHR

(To be Tested &

Commissioned)

Sub zone 5-A

i) Shikarpur road

ii) Channa Mohalla

(partial)

iii) Wapda colony

(Partial)

iv) Mir Azmat khan

road

(Partial)

v) Kareemabad.

vi) Bhitai colony.

vii) Central Jail

Sub zone 5-B

i) Janu Bela

(Pechuha Goth)

ii) Jat Mohalla

iii) Jaffarabad

Mohalla.

Zone # 6(20 km)

Circuit House OHR

(To be Tested &

Commissioned)

i) Sub zone 6-A

ii) Market Police station

road area

iii) ADC Colony

iv) Chana Mohalla

(partial)

v) JEMS Hospital Area

vi) Bismillah Bagh.

vii) Sub zone 6-B

viii) Mir Azmat khan

Mohalla (Partial)

ix) Panhwar Mohalla

x) Phool Bagh Area

18

CHAPTER 4: IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS

AND RISK ASSESSMENT The team of USPCAS-W conducted various field surveys at the water intake site, lagoons,

water filtration (treatment) plant, OHR sites, and within communities with installed water

connections. The team also interviewed the operational staff, laboratory personnel, and local

community members and reviewed the data and documents provided by the MCJ. Risks

prioritization matrix was prepared using semi-qualitative approach, considering the detailed

and systematic field observation, adopted from WHO guidelines6 and Water Quality Research

Australia (WQRA)7. The hazards and risks are identified and assessed with their likelihood (1

to 5, Table 5Table 4) and severity (1 to 10, Table 5). Then final risk ratings were obtained by

multiplying cores for likelihood with the severity of hazards (0-50). The risk ratings were

assigned risk levels as per the criteria set in Table 6.

Table 4: Description and ratings associated with the likelihood of hazards.

Likelihood Rating Frequency

Almost

certain

5 Once per day/present at almost all locations

Likely 4 Once per week/present at 80% of the locations

Moderately

likely

3 Once per month/present at 50% of the locations

Unlikely 2 Once per year/present at 20% of the locations

Rarely 1 Once in five years/present at 10% of the locations

Table 5: Description and ratings associated with the consequences of hazards.

Consequence Rating Severity

Catastrophic 10 Potentially lethal to all people; death expected from exposure

Major 7 Potentially harmful to all; significant illness from exposure

Moderate 5 Potentially harmful to vulnerable groups following chronic

exposure; large aesthetic impact

Minor 2 Small aesthetic impact

Insignificant 1 No impact or not detectable

6 Water Safety Plan Manual: Step-by-step risk management for drinking water supply, WHO, 2009 7 Research Report 78, Water Quality Research Australia (WQRA), 2009

19

Table 6: Risk rating score and estimated risk level.

Rating Score

(Likelihood* Consequence Severity) Risk level

26-50 High

16-25 Moderately High

11-15 Medium

0-10 Low

20

4.1 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment at Canal Intake (Source)

# Hazardous

event/parameter Impacts

Likelihood

(1-5)

Severity

(1-10)

Risk

Rating

Risk

Profile

1. Intake structure

Low gravity flow to the

lagoon, silting, reduction in

water supply

Silting of lagoon, low gravity to lagoon.

Improper placement of intake conduits.

Broken and non-functional pipes, valves, fittings,

pumps.

5 7 35 High

2. Flood in Indus river High level of sediments in Khirthar Canal. 2 5 10 Low

3. Detection of E.Coli, Total

coliform in Canal water

The presence of microbial contamination might

compromise consumers’ health but a subsequent

treatment plant is designed to reduce/eliminate

pathogens from water.

4 2 8 Low

4. Human access or activities Water withdrawal, including pumping can be affected

adversely. 4 6 24

Mod.

High

5. Wastewater discharge at

upstream of canal

High turbidity in canal water. Presence of algae and

sediment in canal water.

Enhanced silting in the lagoon, reduction of storage

capacity

3 5 15 Medium

6. Electricity Failure,

Unavailability and Theft

Reduction of raw water supply to treatment plant

leading to poor quality of water in distribution

network due to intermittent operation of treatment

plant

5 5 25 Mod.

High

21

7. Agriculture runoff Due to the presence of chemical contamination,

consumer health may be compromised. 3 8 24 Mod.

High

4.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment at Lagoons and Rising Main

# Hazardous

event/parameter Impacts

Likelihood

(1-5)

Severity

(1-10)

Risk

Rating

Risk

Profile

8. Unauthorized access of

human and animal activities

in the lagoons.

Access of humans and animals may increase

contamination levels in lagoon and can have adverse

health impacts. 4 7 28 High

9. High level of turbidity, odor

and color

Gradual capacity reduction of lagoons, the requirement

of desilting (increase in maintenance cost),

animal/human waste mixed with raw water

4 2 8 Low

10. Frequent electric power

breakdown

Cause intermittent High lift pumping to the treatment

plant. Insufficient supply of raw water. Consequently,

poor quality of treated water.

5 10 50 High

11. Leaked and damaged pipes,

leaked air vents valves,

fittings, pumps, leaked rising

main (lagoon to water

treatment plant)

Wastage of water, loss of supply to treatment plant, the

inefficiency of pumping

Local flooding in areas where leakage and damages are

not repaired, causing growth of insects/mosquitos,

bacterial growth.

5 8 40 High

12. Intrusion or seepage of

fertilizers, salts and pesticides

Chemical Fertilizer pesticides, salts from surrounding

agriculture activities may adversely affect water quality

in lagoons.

4 7 28 High

22

from surrounding rice crops

and fertilizer runoff.

4.3 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Water Treatment Plant

# Hazardous event/parameter Impacts Likelihood

(1-5)

Severity

(1-10)

Risk

Rating

Risk

Profile

13. Insufficient/irregular

chlorination of filtered water

Detection of pathogenic contamination (E.Coli, Total

coliform) in treated water (clear water) can

compromise consumers’ health

4 7 28 High

14. Intermittent high dosage of

chlorine

High concentration in treated water is not desirable. 2 7 14 Medium

15. Mixing of filtered water with

untreated raw water due to

bypass from raw water supply

to storage water (leakage of

valve)

Pathogenic and chemical recontamination can increase

health risks

3 6 18 Mod.

High

16. Turbidity and odor in clear

water (treated water)

Deterioration of aesthetic value of treated water

indicates the presence of pathogens.

The confidence level of consumers goes down.

4 7 28 High

17. Electricity Failure,

Unavailability and Theft

Reduction in treatment capacity, insufficient supply of

treated (clear) water. Operational delays cause the

intermittent supply of water, and infiltration can occur

in the distribution system due to negative pressure in

lines as user incline to use suction pumps when water is

supplied.

5 9 45 High

23

18. Leaked pipes, malfunctioned

valves, fittings, pumps,

compressors etc.

Insufficient dosage of alum and chlorine results in

incomplete removal of particular matters and

disinfection. This situation may cause adverse health

impacts among consumers.

4 7 28 High

19. Insufficient storage capacity

of the clear water reservoir

(underground tank)

0.5 MGD storage and demand is 2.65 MGD.

5 6 30 High

20. Water treatment plant

operation is not synchronized

with pump operator at lagoon

The communication gap between pumping station at

lagoon and treatment plant. 2 10 20 Mod.

High

21. Water Quality Laboratory Irregular operations of water quality laboratory 5 7 35 High

4.4 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment at Water Supply and Distribution Network

# Hazardous event/parameter Impacts Likelihood

(1-5)

Severity

(1-10)

Risk

Rating

Risk

Profile

22. Line leakages and cross

contamination of the

sewerage and groundwater in

the distribution network

Improper chlorine dosage or low level of residual

chlorine in water supply to the distributions

Adverse health impacts

4 7 28 High

23. Low concentration of residual

chlorine in distribution

network

Adverse health impacts

4 7 28 High

24. Cross-contamination due to

sewage and groundwater

intrusion

Turbidity due to infiltration (negative suction) or cross-

contamination, indication of pathogens. Can cause

adverse health impacts

5 7 35 High

24

25. Improper and irregular

periodic water quality

monitoring

Difficulties in the continuous operation of the water

treatment plant, results in poor performance. 4 7 28 High

26. Non-continuous system of

water supply

Intermittent operation of water supply, results in re-

contamination of treated water. 5 10 50 High

27. Suction pumps at user end Re-contamination of treated water causes adverse

health impacts. 5 8 40 High

25

CHAPTER 5: CONTROL MEASURES, VALIDATION

OF CONTROL MEASURES, AND REASSESSMENT

OF RISK RATING This chapter suggest possible control measures against each hazard and further their validation to

reassess their risk ratings, based on the identified hazards and their risk ratings. The following

sections (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4) include the tables with all the identified control measures, their

validation, and risks rating reassessment i.e. in comparison to their previous ratings in Chapter-4.

5. 1 Control Measures at Intake (Source)

Parameters/

hazardous

event

Control Measures Validation of control

measures

Reassessment

of risk rating

after control

1. Intake structure

(less water

withdrawal)

Major remodeling of the

intake structure, strainer

installation, sump

installation

Regular and preventive

maintenance of pumps

Regular oiling and greasing

to valves, pumps fittings,

and fixtures

In-time repairs of cracks

and faulty pumps, valves

etc.

Engineering field

inspection of the

remodeled structure

Sufficient budget for

maintenance and repair of

the faulty pumps, valves

and fixtures

Training of the intake

catchment staff on

maintenance of log-books

on pump operation and

proper communication to

supervisors on in-time

maintenance of the broken

items

Low

2. Flood in Indus

river

Desilting of lagoons,

cleaning of conduits and

strainers, consider the

installation of intermediate

sump between the intake

and lagoon for LLPs

Regular inspection of

intake structure and

functioning Low

26

3. Detection of

E.Coli, Total

coliform in

Canal water

Solid waste dumping and

wastewater disposal should

not be allowed in the water

sources.

Regular patrolling of canal

and catchment area.

Coordination with

Municipal authorities and

irrigation department for

regularization of sewage,

solid waste dumping, and

proper disposal of a dead

animal.

Regular Water quality

monitoring and analysis of

basic physio-chemical and

biological indicative

parameters i.e. E. coli,

Fecal, TDS, pH,

Temperature, Dissolved

Oxygen, TOC, COD, BOD

etc.

Medium

4. Human access

or activities

Prohibition of

animals’/human activities

Discussion with district

administration of

prevention of upstream

discharge of any waste in

canal.

Logbooks and record

keeping of operation of

LLPs, cleaning activities

Follow-up of interventions

with district administration

Low

5. Wastewater

discharge at

upstream of

canal

Coarse screens should be

installed at the suction

points of the pumps to

screen out any large

objects from going into the

lagoons and treatment

plant.

No access to people and

animals or the activities

limited one to two

kilometers upstream of the

water sources.

Review of district/nearby

municipal authorities’

wastewater management

Civil Engineer and WASH

officer

Plant supervisor and pump

operator

Water quality assessment

of the source should be

done regularly to remain

aware of any pollutant in

canal water. Comparing the

water quality at the start

and at the end of the water

channel may also help

locate the contamination

source.

Low

27

plans and provide feedback

to it in order to address this

issue.

Follow-up of district

wastewater management

plans

6. Electricity

Failure,

Unavailability

and Theft

Fuel arrangements for in-

house backup electricity

generation.

Regular patrolling for

electricity theft on-grid

transmission power lines.

Installation of solar panels.

The settlement with

electricity suppliers

Sufficient budget for Fuel

and its regular supply by

the MCJ.

Regular patrolling by

patrol officers.

Proper O&M of electricity

generators

Funds for installation of

solar panels

Follow-up with electricity

supplier for separate

electrical connection for

pumping house

Low

7. Agriculture

runoff

Control of effluent drains

from houses, hotels or

animal barns should be

allowed on or around the

embankments of the river

and/or canal.

Control of intrusion or

direct effluent drains from

nearby industrial or

agriculture activities

As long-term action,

initiate the discussion with

local/provincial

governments to the

installation of separate

drains for agriculture run-

off at upstream

Proper monitoring and

regular Water quality

assessment of the source

should be done regularly to

remain aware of the any

pollutant in canal water.

Follow-up with

local/provincial authorities

for control of agriculture

drains from the nearby

areas

Medium

28

5.2 Control Measures at Lagoons

Hazardous

event


measures

Reassessment

of risk rating

after control

8. Unauthorized

access of

human and

animal

activities in the

lagoons.

Fencing around the lagoons

should be constructed to

restrict unauthorized

personnel and animal

activities in the lagoons.

Water analysis should be

performed frequently. Solid

waste dumping and

wastewater disposal in the

lagoons should be

prevented.

Prohibition of

animals/human activities

Fencing of lagoons.

Regular patrolling and

prohibition of

animals’/human activities.

Awareness on involved

risks and controls. Regular

Water quality monitoring

and analysis of basic

physio-chemical and

biological indicative

parameters i.e. E. coli,

Fecal, TDS, pH,

Temperature, Dissolved

Oxygen, TOC, COD,

BOD etc.

Low

9. High level of

turbidity, odor

and color

Regular De-silting and de-

weeding of lagoons beds

Provided funds for de-

weeding desilting

programs for lagoons are

also vital for the proper

functioning of the whole

treatment process

Low

Animal/human activities

should be prohibited.

Arrangement of Dyke

repair and fencing.

Dyke and fencing for

avoiding surface run-off

Water quality at the inlet

and outlet of lagoons should

be assessed.

Sampling and lab analysis

Swimming and washing

clothes in the lagoons

should not be allowed. Solid

waste dumping and

wastewater disposal in the

Regular patrolling of

lagoons areas

Control human/animal

activities

29

lagoons should not be

allowed.

Weed growth and algal

growth should be

prohibited.

Regular

cleaning/maintenance

10. Frequent

electric power

breakdown

Fuel backup for in-house

electricity generation.


electricity theft on-grid

transmission power line.


The settlement with


Sufficient budget for fuel


the MCJ.


patrol officers.


generators


solar panels

Low

11. Leaked and

damaged pipes,

leaked air vents

valves, fittings,

pumps, leaked

rising main

(lagoon to

water treatment

plant)




to valves, pumps fittings

and fixtures



etc.



the faulty pumps, valves,

and fixtures

Training of the intake

catchment staff on

maintenance of log-books

on pump operation and

proper communication to



items

Low

12. Intrusion or

seepage of

fertilizers, salts

and pesticides

from

surrounding

rice crops and

Water quality at the inlet of

lagoons should be assessed.

Inspecting the lagoon

embankments especially

during the rainy season and

maintaining proper

operating parameters.

Lagoons should be fenced

for this purpose. No

access to public will result

in the end of activities

such as solid waste

dumping, wastewater

disposal, swimming and

washing of clothes.

Low

30

fertilizer

runoff.

Fencing and Prohibition of

anthropogenic activities

The inlet chambers of the

lagoons receiving water

from the canal should have

screens and should be

covered with easy-to-

remove lids

Regular monitoring of

water quality during

heavy rainfall seasons.

Leakages in the pipes

should be checked and

managed properly by

plumbers and engineers.

Continuous monitoring of

the distribution line to

prevent water theft.

5.3 Control Measures at Water Treatment Plant

Hazardous

event


measures

Reassessment

of risks after

control

measures

13. Insufficient/ir

regular

chlorination

of filtered

water

Sufficient Supplies of

Chlorine

Proper dosing of chlorine

(CRT values are given in

Chapter 6)

Proper O&M of chlorine

dosing system

In-time maintenance of

broken water supply

lines/pipes to avoid cross-

contamination of sewage or

groundwater

Proper and regular

monitoring of chlorine

disinfection and residue

chlorine

Training of operators and

lab technicians on chlorine

disinfection and monitoring

Record of maintenance of

chlorine dosing system.

Funds allocation in the

annual budget for

sufficient chlorine

supplies

Regular sampling and

bacterial monitoring of

filtered and raw inlet

water for estimating the

optimum level of chlorine

disinfection and ensuring

safe water quality

Sufficient level of residue

chlorine to ensure the

disinfection of unwanted

cross-contamination

O&M of chlorine

disinfection by trained

personnel

Low

31

14. Intermittent

high dosage

of chlorine

Maintenance automatic

chlorination system

Review of logbook of

automatic chlorination

system and records of

residual chlorine in treated

water.

Low

15. Mixing of

filtered water

with untreated

raw water due

to bypass

from raw

water supply

to storage

water

(leakage of

valve)

Maintenance of leaked

valves

Coordination between

treatment plant operator and

pump operator at lagoon

Review of maintenance

logbook

Record of coordination

between plant and pump

operators Low

16. High turbidity

and odor in

clear water

(treated

water)

Sufficient Supplies of alum

Proper and optimum dosing

of alum (to be determined

by jar tests)

Proper O&M of alum

solution preparation and

dosing

Controlled operation of

clarifiers and sand filters in

accordance with the inlet

raw water turbidity and

alkalinity

Regular and proper

backwashing to avoid the

flocs blockage, chocking

and formation of cracks in

sand beds

Proper and regular

monitoring of turbidity at

plant inlet and outlets

Record of alum purchase

and daily dosing

In-time O&M of alum

dosing system.

Sufficient funds for alum

supplies and dosing

system

Regular turbidity

monitoring of filtered and

inlet raw water for

estimating the optimum

level of alum dosing and

clarifiers and sand filters

controlled operations

Optimized and controlled

backwashing procedures

SOPS Follow-ups on

maintenance of clarifiers

and sand filters

Trained personnel on

Alum, Clarifiers and sand

Low

32

Training of operators and

lab technicians on chlorine


filters operation and

maintenance.

Filter media should be

replaced once the

filtration efficiency drops

below a certain threshold

even after backwash.

17. Electricity

Failure,

Unavailability

and Theft

Fuel Backup for in-house



The settlement with


Sufficient budget for Fuel


the MCJ.


patrol officers.


generators


solar panels

Low

18. Leaked pipes,

malfunctioned

valves,

fittings,

pumps,

compressors

etc.




to valves, pumps fittings

and fixtures



etc.



the faulty pumps, valves

and fixtures

Training of the plant

operators on maintenance

of log-books on pump

operation and proper

communication to



items

Low

19. Insufficient

storage

capacity of

clear water

reservoir

(underground

tank)

Construction of extended

storage capacity

Budget allocation of

extended storage

Follow-up of construction

activities Low

33

20. Water

treatment

plant

operation is

not

synchronized

with pump

operator at

lagoon

Enhance coordination

between pumps and plant

operators

Review of communication

records between operators

Low

21. Water Quality

Laboratory

Availability of chemicals

and lab supplies for running

the lab sampling and regular

analysis

Development of SOPs for

sampling, basic water

quality analysis

Proper training and capacity

building of lab staff

Sufficient funds for the

procurement of lab

chemicals and supplies for

smooth lab operations.

Training records of lab

personnel for monitoring

and maintaining the water

quality control from

catchment to distribution

area

Review of SOPs

Low

5.4 Control Measures at Distribution Network (Control Measures)

Hazardous

event


measures Reassessment

of risk after

control

22. Line leakages

and cross

contamination

of the

sewerage and

groundwater

in the

distribution

network

Proper and optimum

Chlorine dosing

Regular analysis of Residual

chlorine and other microbial

water quality parameters at

distribution loops, OHRs

and random points along the

distribution system and

point of use.

Development or

improvement in SOPs and

Maintenance of line

leakage

Zone-wise Regular

analysis of Residual

chlorine and microbial

disinfection

Trained personnel on

monitoring and

surveillance of water

distribution network

Medium

34

sampling plan of


23. Low

concentration

of residual

chlorine in

distribution

network

Installation of chlorine

booster in all six zones at

suitable locations

Increase chlorine dosing at

outlet of treatment plant

Fund allocation in the

annual budget

Monitoring of residual

chlorine in each zone

Low

24. Cross-

contamination

due to sewage

and

groundwater

infiltration

Continuous, pressure, and

regular supply of water to

avoid negative pressure and

cross-contamination

In-time maintenance of

broken lines for any

infiltration or cross-

contamination passage of

surrounding turbid water

Regular water sampling and

turbidity analysis to monitor

and report any cross

contamination

Maintained water

distribution network with

regular monitoring and

maintenance of faulty or

broken pipes, valves and

fittings

Regular water quality

analysis of turbidity

indicators

Low

25. Improper

periodic water

quality

monitoring

Availability of chemicals

and lab supplies for regular

analysis


sampling, basic water

quality analysis and

Development of regular

zone-wise sampling and

monitoring plans



Sufficient funds for the

procurement of lab

chemicals and supplies for

smooth lab operations.

Developed SOPs on

samples collection and

basic indicative water

quality analysis

Trained lab personnel for

monitoring and

maintaining the water

quality control from

catchment to the

distribution area

Low

35

26. Non-

continuous

system of

water supply




electricity theft on grid

transmission power line.


Settlement with electricity

suppliers

Sufficient budget for fuel


the MCJ.


patrol officers.


generators


solar panels

Low

27. Suction

pumps at user

end

Continuous water supply at

least for duration (pre-

schedule water supply to

informed consumers).

Removal of suction pumps

at end-user level.

Involvement of WASH

committee.

Periodic checking of

illegal suction pumps

Minutes of meeting of

WASH committee

Monitoring of water

supply schedule

Low

5.5 Energy (electricity/fuel) requirements for operation of the water system

The frequency and duration of electric power breakdown currently hardly fill the OHRs due to lull

in water supply operation during that period. In this case, the consumers use suction pumps to

collect as much water as possible when water is supplied, which cause negative pressure in the

water distribution line. This negative pressure ultimately causes the infiltration of contaminated

water. As a result, both the quantity and quality of water supply compromised and consumer

confidence on the water supply system will be evaporated. It is of prime importance to operate the

water supply system at pressurized mode. This practice will discourage the use of suction pumps

by end-user and help mitigate the issue of cross-contamination. However, electric supply is a major

challenge for continuous operation of the water system. The power demand can be meet by backup

power generators in case of power breakdown from an electricity supplier. An estimated power is

469,800 KW per month for 6.6 MGD water supply and 783,900 KW/month for maximum water

supply of 9.2 MGD. A breakup of power requirement is given in Annx-12. These estimations will

be helpful in power arrangement from the supplier or fuel arrangement for stand-by power

generator.

36

Continuous water supply from OHRs to end-user throughout a day is preferable. However, it will

require consumer behavior changes because underground or storage tanks are not installed at

houses, and people have to practice to keep the water-tap running. This practice makes a flood-

like situation in the streets if the water supply is continuous. The community needs to be educated

to install overhead (or underground) tanks for water storage with a level-controller switch.

37

CHAPTER 6: OPERATIONAL MONITORING PLAN

AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR WSP

This chapter provides the overall guidelines to ensure the implementation of the Water Safety Plan.

The data and the analytical framework provided in other sections of the report form the basis for

devising WSP implementation strategies. The topics covered in this chapter are the development

of operational monitoring plan, validation monitoring plan, WSP audit, emergency response plan,

management procedures to be adopted, supporting programs, communication strategy,

identification of alternate sources for water, human resource management, alternate management,

and implementation of WSP and formation of steering committee to perform the advisory role and

foster the overall implementation of WSP.

6.1 Operational Monitoring Plan (OMP)

The primary purpose of OMP is to check if the system is performing as per the prescribed

procedures and control measures. OMP is designed monitor water quality parameters and physical

inspections. The proposed monitoring process covers all the aspects from the intake/catchment to

the water supply distribution. The monitoring process mainly divided into two parts, i.e. health-

related indicators monitoring and visual & physical inspection and monitoring.

Water quality monitoring

The water system operation monitoring of health-related water quality indicators relies on water

quality parameters E. coli, total coliform, turbidity, and chemical parameters, including chlorine

doses, CRt values8, and alum dosing. Water quality monitoring is to be done at each step of the

water supply chain from intake to end-user level (Figure 9).

Figure 9: Water quality monitoring process.

8 CRt value = Residual chlorine concentration x time of contact

38

Visual and physical inspection/monitoring

Besides water quality monitoring, a visual and physical inspection of the water supply system is

indispensable for a safe water supply. It includes periodic checks on the state and security of the

water supply, storage and distribution infrastructure, i.e. intake, lagoons, pipelines, filter plant,

pump motors, and OHRs. Equally essential is the water quality lab's maintenance and functionality

in terms of working equipment, availability of chemicals, and a record of water quality tests and

its communication with relevant staff members. Essential features of the physical inspection and

monitoring process (Figure 10) are meant to ensure proper implementation of WSP.

Figure 10: The visual and physical inspection monitoring process

The frequency of monitoring, responsible persons(s), location of monitoring, and monitoring

method are given in Table 7. The selected measureable health-related parameters, critical limits,

scheduling, location, and possible corrective action for the monitoring process are given in Table

8. These health-related indicators for relevant identified hazards were extracted from the identified

control measures (Chapter-5) and Table 7 .

Intake, Lagoon and Pipeline Condition

Filter Plant and Lab Condition

• Chemical stock and Lab record

verification

Condition of Distribution Netwrk

Condition of Home Connections

Status of WSP Implementation

39

Table 7: Monitoring Plan for Raw water intake, Reservoirs (lagoons), WTP, and distributor network.

Parameters/

Hazardous event

Hazardous control

measure Where When How Who Impacts

Intake structure

(less water

withdrawal)

Major remodeling of intake

structure, strainer installation,

sump installation



Regular oiling and greasing to

valves, pumps fittings and

fixtures

In-time repairs of cracks and

faulty pumps, valves etc.

Onsite

Inspection

Bi-weekly

Design phase

Construction

phase

Weekly

Physical inspection of

strainer

Design diagram

Installation activities

Flow to and levels in

lagoon

AEN (Civil) No silting of

conduits and

lagoon

Retention of

maximum storage

capacity at

lagoons

Flood in Indus river Cleaning of conduits and

strainers, consider installation of

intermediate sump between the

intake and lagoon for LLPs

Onsite Before and

after flood

prediction

Physical cleaning

Installation of sump

AEN (Civil) Less silting in

lagoon, no

overflow from

lagoons

Detection of E.Coli,

Total coliform in

Canal water

No access of animal Onsite

inspection

Weekly Proper fencing AEN (Civil) Reduced

contamination


wastewater disposal should not be

allowed in the water sources.

Prohibition of animals/human

activities within 2 Km area

Onsite

inspection

As per

requirement

Illegal houses and

building should be

removed

Sub Engineer

(Civil)

Proper space will

be created beside

canal

Microbial contamination in canal

water due to sewage or animal

waste

contamination.

Lab analysis Weekly Solid waste dumping and

wastewater disposal

should not be allowed in

the water sources.

WASH officer Reduced

contamination

40

Human access or

activities

Prohibition of animals’/human

activities

Discussion with district

Onsite

inspection

Twice a week Fence arrangement

Sub Eng

(Civil)

Safe intake

Administration of prevention of

an upstream discharge of any

waste in canal.

DC office As per required Admin authorities and

community involvement

Municipal

officer

Wastewater discharge

at upstream of canal

Dust and litter particle traveled

into the canal

Proper

cleaning at

pumping

stations.

Weekly Pumping station area

should be clean.

Pump operator Reduced physical

turbidity

Water quality at the source should

be checked regularly to remain

aware of any pollutant

contaminating the water source

Intake Weekly Onsite, physical

inspection

Lab

technicians for

laboratory

Analysis

Reduced animal

activities, and

reduce trace

material

Coarse screens should be installed

at the suction points of the pumps

to screen out any large material

from going into the lagoons and

treatment plant.


inspection

AEN (Civil) Reduced trace

material

Electricity Failure,

Unavailability and

Theft

Fuel arrangements for in-house

backup electricity generation.

In-house

generators

Weekly Fuel inventory AEN (O&M) Regular pumping

operation

Regular patrolling for electricity

theft on grid transmission power

line.

Onsite

inspection

weekly Removal of illegal

connection,

administrative action

Sub Eng

(O&M)

Proper electricity

supply

41

Agriculture runoff Industrial discharges waste

effluent


inspection

Lab

technicians

Reduced chemical

contamination


wastewater disposal should not be

allowed in the water sources.

Canal As per

requirement

Onsite, physical

inspection

Field survey

Control of intrusion or direct

effluent drains from nearby

industrial or agriculture activities

Upstream of

intake

As per

requirement

District admin

authorities and

community involvement

Municipal

officer and

higher

authorities of

MCJ

As long-term action, initiate

discussion with local/provincial

governments to installation of

separate drains for agriculture

run-off at upstream

Upstream of

intake

As per

requirement

Engagement with local

governments

Raw water reservoir (lagoons)

Parameters/

Hazardous event

Hazardous control measure Where When How Who Impacts

Unauthorized access

of human and animal

activities in the

lagoons.

Fencing around the lagoons

should be constructed, to restrict

unauthorized personnel and

animal activities in the lagoons.

lagoons Installation of

fencing,

Weekly

Proper Fencing AEN (Civil) Reduced

contamination,

and fencing

proper

constructed,

Reduced waste

disposal in the

canal

42

High level of

turbidity, odor and

color

Animal/human activities should

be prohibited.

Onsite

Inspection

As per

requirement

Reforestation, dam

constructions

Sub Eng

(Civil) and

WASH officer

Reduced bacterial

contamination and

turbidity level

Regular De-silting and de-

weeding of lagoons beds

Onsite Quarterly Visual Inspections AEN (Civil) Increase in water

storage capacity,

decrease in

turbidity, color

levels

Sufficient retention in lagoon Onsite weekly Level monitoring Sub Eng

(Civil)

Safe water storage

for canal closure

Dyke and fencing for avoiding

surface run-off

Onsite As per required Physical inspection Sub Eng

(Civil)

Avoid chemical

and biological

contamination

Water quality at the inlet and

outlet of lagoons should be

assessed.

Lab Weekly Chemical/

biological analysis

Lab incharge

and WASH

officer

Awareness of

contamination

loading

Frequent electric

power breakdown


suppliers

Power

supplier

As per required Follow-up of meetings Municipal

office and

AEN (O&M)

Regular electric

supply

Fuel backup for in-house


In-house

generator

facility

Weekly Fuel inventory AEN (O&M) Reliable backup

power supply



line.

Onsite Weekly Physical inspection Sub Eng

(O&M)

uninterrupted

power supply


Onsite Installation and

weekly

Installation plan

Weekly after installation

Municipal

office

AEN (O&M)

Reduced

operational cost

for pumping

43

Leaked and damaged

pipes, leaked air vents

valves, fittings,

pumps, leaked rising

main (lagoon to water

treatment plant)





fixtures



Onsite

inspection

Weekly O&M record AEN (O&M) Reduced water

wastage and

prevent cross-

contamination

Intrusion or seepage

of fertilizers, salts and

pesticides from

surrounding rice crops

and fertilizer runoff.

Water quality at the inlet of

lagoons should be assessed.

Inspecting the lagoon

embankments, especially during

the rainy season. Maintaining

proper operating parameters.

Fencing and Prohibition of

anthropogenic activities

The inlet chambers of the lagoons

receiving water from canal should

have screens and should be

covered with easy-to-remove lids

Onsite

inspection

Monthly Visual inspection AEN (Civil)

Maintain less

contaminated

water storage

Water treatment plant (WTP)

Parameters/Hazar

dous Events

Hazardous control measure Where to

monitor

When to

monitor

How to monitor Who to

monitor

Impacts

Insufficient/irregular

chlorination of filtered

water

Sufficient Supplies of Chlorine

Proper dosing of chlorine

Proper O&M of chlorine dosing

system

In-time maintenance of broken

water supply lines/pipes to avoid

Lab

Analysis

Daily

Dosing rate record,

CT time,

Residual chlorine

concentration record

Lab technician

WASH officer

Reduced

Contamination

44

cross- contamination of sewage or

groundwater

Proper and regular monitoring of

chlorine

Intermittent high

dosage of chlorine

Maintenance automatic

chlorination system

WTP Weekly Maintenance record AEN (O&M) Reduced

Microbial

Contamination

Mixing of filtered

water with untreated

raw water due to

bypass from raw

water supply to

storage water (leakage

of valve)

Maintenance of leaking valves

Coordination between treatment

plant operator and pump operator

at lagoon

WTP Weekly Maintenance record AEN (O&M)

Pump

Operator

Prevent mixing of

raw water with

treated water.

High turbidity and

odor in clear water

(treated water)

Sufficient Supplies of alum WTP Monthly Chemical inventory Lab incharge Ensure efficient

coagulation

Proper and optimum dosing of

alum

WTP Daily Jar test

Chemical feeding

logbook

Lab incharge

Controlled operation of clarifiers

and sand filters in accordance

with the inlet raw water turbidity

and alkalinity

WTP Daily Clarifier and sand filter

logbook

Alkalinity measurement

WASH Officer

Lab technician

Efficient

operation of

clarification and

filtration

Regular and proper backwashing WTP Daily Sand filter logbook WASH officer Efficient removal

of turbidity

45

Proper and regular monitoring of

turbidity at plant inlet and outlets

WTP Daily Laboratory logbook Lab incharge

and WASH

officer

Training of operators and lab

technicians on chlorine


WTP As per needed Lab progress report Municipal

officer and lab

incharge

Electricity Failure,

Unavailability


electricity generation

WTP Monthly Fuel inventory record AEN (O&M) Continuous

operation of WTP

Installation of solar panels. As per needed Lab progress reports Municipal

officer and

AEN (O&M)

Alternate power

supply


suppliers

As per needed Minutes of meeting Municipal

officer

Continuous power

supply

Leaked pipes,

malfunctioned valves,

fittings, pumps,

compressors etc.





fixtures



WTP Weekly Maintenance record AEN (O&M) Proper operation

of WTP

Insufficient storage

capacity of clear water

reservoir

(underground tank)

Construction of extended storage

capacity

WTP As per needed Annual progress reports

and minutes of meeting

Municipal

office and

AEN (Civil)

Continuous

supply of clear

wat

46

Water treatment plant

operation is not

synchronized with

pump operator at

lagoon

Enhance coordination between

pumps and plant operators

WTP and

HLP station

Weekly Communication record WASH officer

and Sub Eng

(Civil)

Efficient

operation of HLPs

and WTP

Water Quality

Laboratory

Availability of chemicals and lab

supplies for running the lab

sampling and regular analysis

WTP Monthly Chemical inventory WASH office

and Lab

incharge

Smooth water

analysis


sampling, basic water quality

analysis and

WTP As per needed SOPs file Lab incharge Reliable and

reproducible

water analysis



WTP Twice a year Training manuals,

records

WASH office

and Lab

incharge

Improve

analytical skills of

lab staff

Distribution network

Parameters /

Hazardous

Hazardous Control Measure Where to

monitor

When to

monitor

How to monitor Who will

monitor

Corrective

Actions

Line leakages and

cross contamination of

the sewerage and

groundwater in the


Proper and optimum Chlorine

dosing

Regular analysis of Residual

chlorine and other microbial

water quality parameters at

distribution loops, OHRs and

random points along the

distribution system and point of

use.

Distribution

n network

Weekly Onsite inspection

Sampling and analysis at

lab

Sub Eng (civil)

WASH Office

an d lab

incharge

Prevention of

bacterial

contamination

47

Low concentration of

residual chlorine in


Installation of chlorine booster in

all six zone at suitable locations

OHRs

Weekly Onsite inspection AEN (Civil)

WASH officer

Reduce

contamination. No

biological count

will observed in

distribution

network Increase chlorine dosing at outlet

of treatment plant

Lab analysis daily Chlorination record Lab incharge

Cross-contamination

due to sewage and

groundwater

infiltration

Continuous, pressure, and regular

supply of water to avoid negative

pressure and cross-contamination

Pumping

stations and

distribution

network

Weekly Water audit, Visual

Inspection

AEN (Civil)

WASH officer

Prevent

infiltration of

contamination

into distribution

network

In-time maintenance of broken

lines for any infiltration or cross-

contamination passage of

surrounding turbid water

Distribution

network

Weekly Visual inspection, leak

detection

Sub Eng

(Civil)

Regular water sampling and

turbidity analysis to monitor and

report any cross contamination

OHRs and

at different

locations in

distribution

network

Weekly Onsite turbidity analysis

biological analysis

record in lab

WASH officer

Lab in charge

Improper periodic

water quality

monitoring

Availability of chemicals and lab

supplies for regular analysis

Chemical

store

Monthly Chemical inventory WASH officer

and Lab

incharge

Regular water

quality

monitoring

48


sampling, basic water quality

analysis

Water

quality

laboratory

As per needed SOPs files Lab incharge

and WASH

officer

Reproducible and

reliable water

analysis

Development of regular zone-

wise sampling and monitoring

plans

Monthly Sampling plan and

analysis record

WASH officer



Twice a year Training manuals WASH officer

and lab

incharge

Non-continuous

system of water

supply



WTP Monthly Fuel inventory record AEN (O&M) Continuous water

supply



line.

WTP Weekly Visual inspection

Installation of solar panels WTP As per needed Lab progress reports Municipal

officer and

AEN (O&M)

Alternate power

supply

The settlement with electricity

suppliers

As per needed Minutes of meeting Municipal

officer

Continuous power

supply

49

Table 8: Health-related water quality parameters monitoring

What to

check

Why to check Critical

limits

Where to check When to

check

Who can

check

Corrective actions if

critical limits

exceeded

Intake Lagoon WTP OHRs House /

End-

user

E.coli, Total

Coliform

Indicators of pathogens ND/100ml1 Daily Lab tech.

WASH

officer

Adjust Cl2 dose

Weekly

Turbidity Indicator of microbial

and chemical

contamination

<5NTU2 Daily Lab tech.

AEN

(civil)

Increase alum dose,

backwash sand filter

check cross-

contamination in the


Weekly

Chlorine Residual chlorine to

prevent microbial re-

contamination

0.5-1.5 mg/l

0.2-0.5 mg/l

Daily Lab tech. Adjust Cl2 dose

Weekly

pH acid or basic character,

process optimization,

contamination

6.5-8.5 Daily Lab tech.

Field visit

Check the source of pH

variation at source or at

WTP weekly

Color Indication of inorganic

or organic

contamination

15 TCU3 Weekly WASH

officer

Check the source of

color at WTP, lagoon,

canal Daily

Taste Not

objectionabl

Daily WASH

officer

50

Indication of inorganic

or organic

contamination

e /

acceptable

Weekly Check the source of taste

causing contamination at

WTP, lagoon, canal

Total

Dissolved

solids

Indicator of salts < 1000

mg/L

Daily

Lab Tech.

Field visit

Not likely as the source

is Indus river

Possible mixing of

saline water into the

system, check the

source. Check

infiltration

Monthly

Total hardness Dissolved minerals < 500 mg/l

as CaCO3

Weekly Lab tech. Not likely as the source

is Indus river

Possible mixing of

saline water into the

system, check the

source. Check

infiltration

Monthly

Aluminum High Al concentration

can have adverse health

impacts

< 500 mg/l Daily Lab tech

Adjust alum dosing

before clarifier

Monthly

CRt value4

(chlorine)9

The efficiency of the

disinfection process

8-10 for 4

log removal

of bacteria;

20-40 for 4

log removal

Daily Lab tech.

WASH

officer

Increase chlorine dose or

contact time.

9 Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications, McGraw Hills, 2007.

51

of virus; 90-

110 for 3 log

removal of

protozoa

Twice in a

week

Arsenic Toxic element 0.05 mg/l weekly Lab tech. Check cross-

contamination or source

Barium Adverse health impact < 0.7 Weekly Lab tech. If persistent, consider

the installation of

additional treatment (e.g.

ion exchange) Monthly

Nitrate Adverse health impact <0.5 Once in 2

week

Lab tech. If persistent, consider

the installation of


denitrification)

Pesticides Adverse health impact,

possible agriculture

run-off into the water

system

PSQCA

4639-

2004(R), see

Annex-4

Once in

two

months

External

analysis

If persist at WTP,

consider installing


adsorption)

Phenolic

compounds

Adverse health impact < 0.002mg/l

as phenols

Polynuclear

aromatic

hydrocarbons

(PAHs)

Adverse health impact <0.01 mg/l

by GC/S

1ND: not detectable; 2Drinking water quality standards, Sind EPA10, 3 True colour unit, 4Residual concentration x contact time

10 https://epasindh.gov.pk/Rules/SEQS%202016.pdf

52

6.1.1 Developing sampling points identification and coding for water quality testing

The identification of sampling points is essential for the consistency of operational monitoring.

This identification is helpful for field staff performing operational monitoring. Further, the coding

of sampling is also important for a common understanding of O&M and lab staff and record

keeping. It is helpful for all decision-maker to understand and take decisions accordingly (Table

9, Table 10, and Table 11).

Table 9: Example for Developing Sampling Points and Coding.

Sampling point

(Location)

Sampling point

Code

Sample code Sample point description

Source / Intake SP-S SP-S-01 Raw Water at source

Lagoon SP-LG-01 SP-LG-01 Lagoon 01

SP-LG-02 SP-LG-02 Lagoon 02

SP-LG-03 SP-LG-03 Lagoon 02

Treatment plant SP-TP SP-TP-01 Water Filter Plant Tank

SP-TP SP-TP-02 Treated Water Tank

OHR SP-OHR SP-OHR-Z-01 OHR Zone 01

SP-OHR SP-OHR-Z-02 OHR Zone 02





Distribution line SP-DL SP-DL-01 Abc location of zone 1

SP-DL SP-DL-02 Abc location of zone 2





53

Table 10: Example for recording keeping of sampling points and coding

Sampling

point and

code

Date Collected

by

Type of test

performed

Tests

result

Critical

limit

Remarks Tests

performed

by

SP-S-01 dd/mm/

yyyy

Mr./Ms. pH

7.5 7 – 8.5 Fit Mr./Ms.

SP-TP-01 dd/mm/

yyyy

Mr./Ms. pH

9.5 7 – 8.5 Unfit Mr./Ms.

Table 11: Example for reporting of sampling points and coding

Sampling

Code

Reporting

Period

Type

of

Test

Testing

Frequency

Results in comparison of WHO

Standard

Comments

Week

1

Week

2

Week

3

Week

4

SP-S-01 Jan01-31,

20--

pH Weekly

54

6.1.2 Visual and physical inspection/monitoring

The selected parameters for visual and physical inspection and monitoring are developed by team

experts after situation analysis of MCJ system. Table 12 provides the inspection frequency,

responsible person, critical limits, corrective actions and whom to report for visual and physical

inspection/monitoring.

Table 12: Guideline for visual and physical inspection/monitoring

What to

inspect

Inspection

frequency

Who to

inspect

Critical limit

(or target

condition)

Corrective

action if critical

limit is

exceeded

Who needs

to be

informed

Intake, Lagoon and Pipeline

Motor

Condition Weekly

Operators Working

Condition Repair of motor

Plant

Supervisor

Pipes

Condition Weekly

Operators Clear from

silt, no

leakages

Repair of pipes

Plant

Supervisor

Turbidity Weekly

Operators Required

storage time,

no human or

animal

intervention

Sufficient water

retention time

and secure

lagoons

Plant

Supervisor

Fencing

Security Weekly

Operators No entry

human and

animal entry

Repair of

fencing

Plant

Supervisor

Lagoon

Condition Monthly

Operators No silt, no

vegetation

Cleaning of

Lagoons

Plant

Supervisor

Pipeline

Condition Weekly

Patrolling

Officers and

Supervisor

No leakages Repair of pipes

Plant

Supervisor

Water Quality Testing

Lab

Condition Monthly Lab Incharge

Proper

hygienic and

working

condition

Proper cleaning

and disinfection

Plant

Supervisor

55

Availability

of Chemicals Monthly Lab Incharge

Quarterly

Stocks of

Chemicals

In time

communication

Plant

Supervisor

Testing

reports and

records

Fortnightly Lab Incharge Required

Tests are done

Increased lab

quality control

measures

Plant

Supervisor

OHR and distribution network

OHR

Condition Monthly

Maintenance -

Engineer

Valve Man

Plumbers

No leakages Repair OHR

Plant

Supervisor

OHR filling Daily Plant operators

Valve Man

OHRs are

filled as per

the demand

Fill the OHRs

Plant

Supervisor

Network

Condition Weekly

Maintenance -

Engineer

Valve Man

Plumbers

No leakage

and mix with

drainage

Repair pipeline

Change pipeline

Plant

Supervisor

Illegal

Connections Periodic

Maintenance -

Engineer

Valve Man

Patrolling

Officer

No illegal

connections

Removal of

connection

Legal action

Plant

Supervisor

Essential backups for running system

Mechanical

equipment Monthly

Maintenance -

Engineer

Availability

of equipment

Availability of

equipment

Plant

Supervisor

Power supply

backup Weekly

Maintenance -

Engineer

Availability

of oil for 15

days

Availability of

oil for 15 days

Plant

Supervisor

Vehicles and

PoL Monthly

Maintenance -

Engineer

Availability

of vehicles

and PoL for

Availability of

vehicles and PoL

for essential

operations

Plant

Supervisor

56

essential

operations

Human resources development program

Staff

Trainings Periodic

Plant

Supervisor

Necessary

trainings are

conducted

Arrange

necessary

trainings for staff

CMO

Community engagement programs

Awareness

sessions Periodic WASH Officer

Essential

awareness

sessions are

conducted

Arrange essential

awareness

sessions

CMO

Revenue generation and tax collection

Bills and

Taxes are

collected

Monthly Revenue

Officer

Minimum

recovery

amount is

collected

Meetings with

community,

mohalla wash

committees

CMO

WSP implementation

Safe Water

Supply from

source to tap

Quarterly

All Units

Progress

Meeting

Safe water is

supplied from

source to tap

Immediate

actions to

resolve the

issues

WSP Team

and Steering

committee

A graphical description of the OMP is given in Figure 11.

57

Figure 11: Graphical representation of operational monitoring plan (OMP).

16’’ 16’’

24’’

24’’

24’’

24’’

HLPs

HLPs

16’’

22 Km

Khirthar Canal

Filtered Water

Underground

Storage Tank

0.5 MG

Chlorination

Disinfection

Dozing

LLPs

Clarifiers

s

Sand Filters

Supply and

Distribution

to 6 OHRs

Alum

Dozing

Distribution

Pumps

OM for Source WQT: Turbidity, E.coli, Total Coliform Visual / Physical Inspections: Condition and Security of pipes and motors, compliance checkup

OM for Lagoons WQT: Turbidity, E.coli, Total Coliform, pH Visual / Physical Inspections: Condition and Security of motors, fencing, infrastructure, vegetation, human and animal interference, compliance checkup

OM for Pipelines Visual / Physical Inspections: Condition and Security of supply pipes

OM for Water Treatment Plant WQT: Turbidity, E.coli, Total Coliform, pH, alum, chlorine, Visual / Physical Inspections: Condition and Security of motors, fencing, infrastructure, vegetation, algae, human and animal interference

OM for Distribution Network WQT: Turbidity, E.coli, Total Coliform, pH, alum, chlorine, Visual / Physical Inspections: Condition and Security of pipes, illegal connections, infrastructure

58

6.2 Verification Monitoring Plan (VMP)

VMP is an important check to monitor and confirm that drinking water quality standards are being

met or not, end-users are satisfied or not, and the WSP is being implemented and updated

appropriately. The VMP framework is shown in Figure 12, which consists of four main

components compliance monitoring, auditing, consumer satisfaction, and improvement in the

system.

Figure 12: Framework for the verification monitoring plan (VMP).

6.2.1 In house compliance monitoring

A committee comprises members from different departments of MCJ and one member each from

the NGO and Mohalla wash committee will be formed to check the compliance of the monitoring

system. The committee will report to CMO. The committee will check compliance monitoring as

and when required.

6.2.2 Third party compliance monitoring

A third-party (accredited water quality lab) conducts the water quality testing to confirm

compliance with drinking water quality standards and ascertain regularity in water testing. MCJ

and third party should agree on parameters and frequency of compliance monitoring. Third-party

Verification

Compliance Monitoring

Consumer Satisfaction

Auditing

Improvement in the system

59

must be responsible for reporting and suggestions for improvements in the system to meet water

quality standards. Some critical parameters are suggested in Table 13.

Table 13: Compliance monitoring parameters and frequency.

Parameter Frequency

Location Target Value Tested at

(Lab Name)

Working condition

of motors at intake

Monthly Intake Working

condition

Secure lagoon

Monthly Lagoon No human and

animal

intervention

Secure water

pipeline from lagoon

to filter plant

Monthly Pipeline No damaged

pipeline

Continuous water

supply from lagoon

to filter plant

Fortnightly Lagoons

and

Filter

Plant

Continuous

water supply

Complete water

testing

Monthly Lab In time tests are

done, and

results are

shared

Tests will be

verified from

USPCAS-W

Lab

Water supply to HH Monthly All

Zones

All Zones

6.2.3 Consumer satisfaction

Consumer satisfaction is an essential feature for any water supply entity, which can be monitored

and verified through different ways and means while ensuring openness and accountability in the

system. The system's openness and transparency can be achieved through a better communication

strategy involving consumer access to the information periodically. It may include information

sharing in case of emergency or incident, supplier performance on a monthly or quarterly basis

such as a summary of the complaints received and resolved. The following methods can be adopted

to assess consumer satisfaction;

a. Consumer complaint registration

60

b. Consumer satisfaction surveys

c. Supplier meetings with community

a. Consumer complaint registration

The supplier must establish the complaint registration system. For the purpose a Management

Information System (MIS) is already been developed and will be implemented soon at MCJ level

to register the complaints from consumers. Meanwhile it is suggested to maintain a complaint

register (example shown in Table 14) with responsibility assigned to a suitable staff member. The

register should be easily accessible to the consumers who should be made aware of how, when and

whom to contact in case of a complaint. The responsible staff member shall keep track of all the

complaints and present these to the concerned authority on weekly basis, or more frequently as

may be determined.

The MCJ can also display the contact numbers and email IDs at public places for receiving

complaints. The MCJ should make responsible some person to follow-up for consumer satisfaction

against the complaint.

Table 14: Example for complaint register development.

Complain Action Consumer Feed Back

Date

received

Complain

received

by

Complain/

Nature of

Complain

Address /

Contact

no

Forwarded

to

Date

action

taken

Action

taken

by

Specific

action

taken

Consumer

Feedback

Taken

by

Taken

through

b. Consumer satisfaction surveys

Consumer satisfaction surveys can be conducted through a third-party on an annual basis.

Moreover, academic researchers (MS and PhD scholars) can also be supported for this purpose.

The independent surveys can be a good guideline for MCJ to prepare future WSP implementation

strategy from a consumer perspective.

c. MCJ meetings with community

The MCJ top management must hold periodic meetings with communities. This process will

provide first-hand information to the management regarding consumer satisfaction, and it may also

61

create ownership of the MCJ by consumers. The MCJ management should hold at least one

meeting a quarter in each zone. The meetings should be open to everyone. Suggestions must be

noted and circulated among stakeholders; the management should ensure follow-up actions as per

the meetings' decisions.

6.3 WSP Auditing

WSP audit constitutes a vital component in establishing MCJ credibility in implementing WSP on

the ground. It helps to identify the reasons for the non-implementation of WSP and provides the

basis for its revision and development of future strategies for WSP improvement and

implementation. The audit report gives all stakeholders confidence, and it can also help improve

MCJ’s internal controls and systems.

Apart from the regular financial audit of MCJ, WSP external audit should be carried out by a third

party once every two years (Table 15). The external audit team may (for WSP implementation

audit) consist of representatives from the Health Department, Local Government Department,

Planning and Development Department, Works and Services Department, Other Municipal

Committees, Sindh EPA, etc.

On the other hand, an internal audit of WSP can be carried annually and led by the WSP team

leader, and be shared with relevant stakeholders if required.

Table 15: Third-Party Audit Tasks, Activities, and Output.

S# Task Activity Output

1 Assessment of WSP

Team

Check the current list of WSP

team and match with the required

qualification and available

human skill set. Further, also

check the experience and

commitment of the WSP team.

HR improvement Plan

Training Plan for HR

2 System Assessment A detailed system assessment be

carried out for the

implementation of WSP

Identification of system

differences on papers and on the

ground. Suggestions for filling the

gap. Resource identification for

filling gap.

3 Hazard and risk

assessment

Assessment of current practices

of hazard and risk assessment at

MCJ

Current status and

implementation. Identification of

necessary gaps in implementation.

Identification of new hazards and

risks.

62

4 Improvement of WSP Assessment of suggested

improvement plan in WSP

Improvement plan status of

implementation, identification of

gaps (operational and financial)

and resource identification for

filling gaps

5 Implementation of

Operational monitoring

plan (OMP)

Assessment of OMP

implementation

Status of OMP implementation,

identification of gaps, reasons of

gaps and suggesting improvement

plan for implementation of OMP

6 Verification monitoring

carried out as planned,

Implementation of

agreed water quality

testing by third party

and actions taken by

MCJ against reports

Assessment of verification

monitoring plan

Improving Third Party Validation

(TPV) processes and identifying

gaps in case TPV identifications

are not implemented

7 SOPs implementation Assessment of SoPs

implementation

Improvement in SoPs (if any)

8 Emergency response

plan

Assessment of emergency

response plan

Improvement in emergency

response plan (if any)

6.3.1 Third-Party Audit of OMP and Compliance Monitoring

Apart from regular monitoring and audit, a third-party audit of OMP and compliance monitoring

is necessary to validate or improve the monitoring and compliance management systems. This

third party audit will be carried out on a yearly basis. This audit will focus on OMP and compliance

status, its implementation procedures, identification, and suggestions to improve the OMP and

compliance mechanism.

6.4 Management Procedures

6.4.1 Standard operating procedures (SOPs)

SOPs could help the workers on the ground to follow, maintain and achieve efficiency, quality,

and uniformity. The other aim of SoPs is to avoid miscommunication, which can affect

organizations' performance. Table 16 and Table 17 address the referred activities and SOPs

document to be followed by different staffs to ensure the safe and sound operations of the water

supply system

Table 16: Filter Plant O& M and Water Quality SOPs.

S# Activity SOPs Responsibility

63

1. Water Storage at water filter

plant and lagoons

As per Operational Manual Supervisor

2. Alum dosing As per Operational Manual Supervisor

3. Chlorination As per Operational Manual Supervisor

4. Water sampling As per Operational Manual Lab Technician and

Incharge

5. Water testing (for various

parameters)

As per Operational Manual Lab Technician and

Incharge

6. Pipeline repair practices As per Operational Manual Maintenance Engineer

7. Pump operation and

Maintenance

As per Operational Manual Maintenance Engineer

Table 17: Additional SOPs for effective management on water services.

1. Engagement with Mohalla

Wash Committees (MWC)

and community

Regular meetings and interaction.

Communicating trainings and

engagement plan. Engaging MWC

for payment of billing, supply of

water and resolution of complains.

Manager WASH

and Community

Engagement and

Social Mobilizers

2. Complain and Compliance

Management

Regular feedback and complain cell

weekly performance reports.

Manager

Complain Cell

Chief Officer

(Water Supply)

3. Billing Distribution and

Collection

On time billing distribution and

developing an easy mechanism for

bill submission

Manager Revenue

and Taxation

6.5 Emergency response plan

The MCJ must prepare the emergency response plan, and it’s monitoring and SOPs. The different

types of emergencies and incidents can occur during routine work. Some of the possible incidents

and emergencies and the corrective actions are summarized in Table 18 and their critical

consideration in WSP for emergency response/mitigation actions.

Table 18: Types of emergencies/ incidents and plan of actions

S# Emergency / Incident Plan / Action

1 Water quality emergencies and

incidents Contact no of the relevant person in MCJ:

64

a. Treatment chemical overdose

b. Microbiological contamination

c. Physio chemical contamination

Contact no of relevant Mohalla Wash

Committee:

Community must be informed through various

mean, such as through Mohalla wash

committee, an announcement in Masjids etc.

Community must be informed regarding how

to use water for drinking purposes until

overcoming the situation.

Establishing alternate water supply sources

such as tankers

2 Natural hit emergencies and

incidents

a. Floods

b. Rain Fall

c. Earth quake

MCJ must contact National Weather

Forecasting Centre and Flood Forecasting

Centre for the Jacobabad region and prepare

plans in case of heavy rainfall.

The information regarding rainfalls and floods

must be passed to the community, eespecially

the impact the events in water quality and

quantity.

3 Other emergencies and incidents

a. Electricity failure

b. Water supply pipeline leakage

and damage

c. Shortage of chemical supplies

d. Health / Epidemic / Pandemic

emergency

e. Seasonal Variation in Water

supply

f. Water leakages in household

level

Alternate energy sources such as Solar,

generators must ready in case of electricity

failure.

Routine monitoring must be carried for

checking of pipeline leakages. An easy bottom

up communication mechanism of reporting

such fault must be established for timely action

and repair of damaged pipeline.

Mechanisms for increased public health

surveillance in case health and pandemic

emergency. Close coordination is required with

health authorities and place system to follow

and localize health authorities' issued

guidelines.

Establishment of communication system with

community and alternate water supply system

in case of seasonal water availability variation.

The end-users must be informed in advance

regarding any type of water shortage or non-

supply of water.

65

The MCJ must incorporate the philosophy of

every drop counts. To this, they establish the

system and encourage regular water fitting

inspection at HH level to avoid wastage of

water. The Mohalla Wash Committees can be

equipped to do the job of regular inspection of

HH fittings.

Apart from actions and plan, it is advised to practice these emergencies to the MCJ systems and

operations; further the practice will help MCJ identify the gaps and improve the system.

6.6 Water Availability Plans for Summers, Winter, and Canal Closure

Water availability in main canal varies with every season and it peaks during the months of May

to Sep and reduces the water flows in the remaining months. Further, as Jacobabad is a hot area

during summers and temperature reaches 48o C, the evaporation must be accounted for during

water storage. It is also famous that Jacobabad is a winter holiday city for nearby Baluchistan

areas, and the population increases in the winter season, so MCJ must account for this population

variation for water availability during the winter season.

6.7 Water Requirement by 2050

Based on the census report 2017, the Jacobabad city population was 191,076, residing in 33,195

housing units, which makes 5.76 average HH size. The population growth rate was 1.9%. Based

on the above figures, projections of water and water infrastructure requirement by 2050 were made

(Table 19).

Table 19: Estimated projection on water requirement and storage capacities based on

population.

Year Population No of

House

Units

Water

Requirement

(MGD)

Water Storage in No

of Days (based on

existing capacity of

250 MGD of

Lagoon 1 and 3 )

Water Storage in

No of Days (based

on existing capacity

of 360 MGD of

Lagoon 1, 2 and 3 )

2020 202,176 35,123 6.06 41 59

2025 222,126 38,589 6.66 38 54

2030 244,045 42,398 7.32 34 49

2035 268,128 46,581 8.04 31 45

66

2040 294,586 51,177 8.83 28 41

2045 323,656 56,228 9.70 26 37

2050 355,594 61,776 10.66 23 34

The Jacobabad city has enough water storage capacity if all three lagoons are operational. The

MCJ needs to maintain at least 45 days’ storage to supply water in the Khirthar canal closure

period. To maintain the same level of storage capacity by 2050, the MCJ would require another

lagoon of 120 MGD in 2035.

6.8 Supporting Programs

Supporting programs are necessary to run the system effectively and efficiently to ensure

drinking-water safety without directly affecting drinking-water quality. These programs support

the organization in implementing the WSP effectively. These programs are designed (Table 20) to

target human resources development from managerial to technical staff level at the organizational

and consumer groups. Further, these programs will also target to create cohesiveness among team

members who will ultimately help implement the WSP.

At the consumer level, awareness programs regarding water will create ownership among all

stakeholders. MCJ will design and implement awareness campaigns regarding different water and

water-related health issues for the masses. These sessions will be designed and implemented with

the help of other partner NGOs and government agencies.

Table 20: Training and awareness sessions.

Training / Awareness

Sessions

How often will

the activity be

carried out?

Responsi

bility Collaborators

Targeted

Participants

Water safety awareness

During an emergency,

Flood and Rain Fall

Over dosage of

chemical

Sudden bacterial

contamination

Before the

monsoon

When and

where is

required

Mr / Ms.

Mohalla WASH

Committees,

Religious Clerks,

School Teachers, NGO,

and GOs

All Zones

67

During normal situation

Sessions on water

cleaning techniques

Water

Conservation

Techniques

Water and Health

6 session in a

year covering all

zones

Mr. / Ms.

NGOs and Mohalla

WASH Committees

All Zones

Household Pluming

Inspection Program 2 times in a year Mr. / Ms.

NGOs and Mohalla

WASH Committees

All Zones

Household sanitation and

hygiene

Household water treatment

and safe storage;

6 session in a

year covering all

zones

Mr. / Ms.

NGOs and Mohalla

WASH Committees and

Health Department

All Zones

Community sanitation and

clean-up campaigns; 2 times in a year Mr. / Ms.

NGOs and Mohalla

WASH Committees,

Youth and Community

All Zones

Plantation Drive Feb-March and

Aug-Sept Mr. / Ms.

NGOs and Mohalla

WASH Committees,

Youth and Community

All Zones

eespecially

public spaces

School education

programmes (Competition

drive among schools,

speeches contest etc.

2 times in a year Mr. / Ms.

Education Department,

NGOs and Mohalla

WASH Committee

All Govt and

Pvt School

children

Water treatment

operator/caretaker training

programmes;

Quarterly

Refreshers Mr. / Ms.

MCJ, NGOs, Health

department

All relevant

staff

members of

MCJ

Emergency drills (rain and

flooding events, water

contamination, water

shortages)

Quarterly Mr. / Ms.

MCJ, NGOs, Health

department and Mohalla

WASH Committee

6.9 Communication Strategy

Communication is known as the blood vessels in any organization. It is a significant component

of any successful initiative or project. Effective communication strategy includes all stakeholders,

partners, collaborators, relevant government organizations, and end-users. MCJ communication

strategy's main motto is “inclusion of all” and plans to achieve this target.

68

6.9.1 Communication plan

Following guideline in Table 21 and Table 22, MCJ can develop their communication plan for

essential activities helpful for WSP.

Table 21: Guideline for developing communication plan

Table 22: Guidelines for developing communication plan

Activity Target

Audience/

Stakeholder

Group

Aim Communication Tools Who to

Action?

By When? Costs?

Awareness

Session for water

savings

Community ,

Mohalla

WASH

Committee

(MWC),

Religious

groups

To raise

awareness

regarding

importance

of water

and its

saving

Meetings and general

workshops with community

and MWC, lecture series at

schools and colleges,

Communication material

display at various places,

using local media sources

MCJ, DC

office,

Local

Leadership,

NGOs

Twice in a

year

PKR

……

Activity Target

Audience/

Stakeholder

Group

Aim Communication

Tools

Who to

Action?

By When? Costs?

Activity /

Type of

activity

Identify the

Target Audience

by considering

the following:

Who will benefit

from the

initiative/project?

Who are the key

internal and

external

Stakeholders?

What do you

intend to

communicate

to the

stakeholder(s)

groups?

What are the

key points

stakeholder(s)

groups need

to understand

and act upon?

What

communication

methods/tools are

most appropriate

for the

stakeholder(s)

groups?

eg, electronic,

verbal, graphical,

written, etc

Who will be

responsible

for

implementing

each action?

When must

the action be

implemented?

What are

the costs

associated

with each

action?

69

The primary purpose of communication strategy will include the components such as

communication within the organization, outside of the organization, with local government, and

with end-users (regarding water saving, conservation etc.), consumer feedback, and so on.

6.9.2 Coordination between MCJ and Health Department

The coordination between water suppliers and health authorities is critical for supplying safe water.

MCJ and Health Department and private health practitioners must be on board to communicate

and coordinate in reporting status and illnesses occurring in the city. This coordination will work

as whistle-blowers, and prompt actions can be taken within time in case of any water-borne

diseases in the city or particular Mohalla or ward.

Health authorities in government hospitals are already collecting and compiling data at the district

level. Data on any kind of outbreak related to water borne disease be immidiatdly shared with MCJ

and specific and timely action must be ensured to avoid health implication of such desease. In

addition to the MCJ should also coordinate with private health practioners to create a database.

Further a health coordination team should be formed and activated for such data collection at MCJ

level.

Table 23: Health Data Sharing Format

Type of Patients Type Illness Potential Cause

No of Patients

Male (Adult)

Female (Adult)

Male (Kids)

Female (Kids)

6.10 Establishing Alternate Sources for Safe Drinking Water Supply

6.10.1 Groundwater

The current practices for drinking water involve jerry cans supplied through water vendors using

donkey carts. These vendors extract groundwater (Tanka) from surrounding areas having sweet

water zones nearby the city. Additionally, it is recommended to explore groundwater near the

70

Khirthar canal area to establish an alternate water source. Canal bank filtration may also be used

to extract seepage water, which will require just disinfection. In this matter, USPCAS-W has

already conducted a study in Jamshoro11. A similar study is proposed to utilise canal bank filtration

even for regular water extraction, which may decrease chemical consumption and water treatment

costs.

6.10.2 RO plants

In case of any emergency and disturbance in safe water supply, it is suggested to install at least

one RO plant in each Union Council as an alternate source for safe drinking water for the

community.

6.10.3 Safe drinking water supply through tankers

In case of any emergency and disturbance in safe water supply, it is suggested to have water tankers

supply in disturbed Mohallas or settlements.

6.11 Human Resources Management

MCJ will engage available human resources for the water supply system's best efficiency for

implementing the water safety plan. For water supply, MCJ will implement the suggested HR

structure in this WSP (Chapter 2)

6.12 Outsourcing the Water Supply

Outsourcing is one of the options for better service and sustainable operations and implementation

of WSP. It can be done by engaging one company or multiple companies like one in each zone to

create competition. Same companies can also be involved in drainage and waste collection. In this

case, the MCJ water supply unit will sell water to bulk buyers and monitor water supply and water

quality. And the MCJ drainage unit will be able to monitor the drainage system and waste

collection from the city.

11 https://water.muet.edu.pk/rbfza.pdf

71

6.13 WSP Steering Committee

The Steering Committee of the WSP will be formed to play the advisory role and steer the WSP

implementation. It will provide strategic leadership. The Committee will have the authority to

make decisions following the WSP scope and approach. The WSP Steering Committee will make

policy decisions, guide the WSP team (see in chapter 2) in the execution of WSP. Further, it will

ensure effective monitoring through regular reporting. The committee will set targets and ensure

compliance as per the WSP in Jacobabad. The committee will comprise of two types of

memberships a) position-based membership b) nomination-based membership. The recommended

composition of the steering committee and ToRs are as follows;

Composition of WSP Steering Committee

1. Deputy Commissioner (Convener of the Committee)

2. District Health Officer (Member)

3. District Nazim (Member)

4. Academia Representatives (2 members) (Nominee Members)

5. Business Community Representative (Nominee Member)

6. NGO Representative (Nominee Member)

7. Mohalla WASH Committee Representatives (2 Members) (Nominee Member)

8. CMO (Member/ Secretary)

TORs of the WSP Steering Committee

1. The committee will meet quarterly to review the progress and implementation status of the

WSP

2. The committee will discuss issues, provide guidelines and make suggestions to the WSP

Team to ensure successful WSP

3. The committee may constitute a sub-committee for a specific task to be accomplished as and

when necessary

4. Tenure of the nominated members will be three years.

72

ANNEXURES

73

Annex-1: Organogram of Municipal Committee Jacobabad (Additions)

74

Annex-2: Zone Wise Distribution Networks

Annex-2A: Zone-1 Water Distribution network

75

Annex-2B: Zone-2 Water Distribution network

76

Annex-2C: Zone-3 Water Distribution network

77

Annex-2D: Zone-4 Water Distribution network

78

Annex-2E: Zone-5 Water Distribution network

79

Annex-2F: Zone-6 Water Distribution network

80

Annex-3: Power and chemical requirements for different scenarios for operation of

the water system at MCJ

Power requirement for Scenario-2: Meeting existing water demand

No of functional pumps 3 9

Electric power per hours (KWH)** 180 630

Required operational duration (hours) 15 7 5

Electric power requirement (KW/day) 2700 4410 90

Total power required (KW/day) 7200

Electric power required/month

(KW/month)

216,000

Power requirement for Scenario-3: Meeting future demand of 30,000 connections







(KW/month)

469,800

Power requirement for Scenario-4: Power requirement for Scenario-4 (9.2 MGD)







(KW/month)

783900

*dosing pumps, backwashing, clarifier motors etc.

** Electric power requirements were estimated based on the information in Annex-13.

This power requirement can be met either by power grid or by operation of backup power generators

The operation of WTP will also require chemical and chlorine dosing. An estimated amount of required

chemicals are given in below Table based on different dosing concentrations of Alum and Sodium

Hypochlorite.

Estimation of the chemical requirement for scenario-2

Chlorine dosage 2 192.75 (liters/day)

5 481.89 (liters/day)

Alum dosing 30 361.41 (kg/day) 20 240.94 (kg/day) 15 180.71 (kg/day)

Chemical requirement for scenario-3: meeting demand of 30,000 connections (6.65 MG)

81

Chlorine dosage 2 483.70

5 1209.26

Alum dosing

Chlorine dosage

30 906.94

2 483.70

5 1209.26

82

Annex-4: PQSCA Standards for Drinking Water Quality

4639-2004(R)

water safety plan (wsp) for municipal committee jacobabad (mcj)

Documents

Transcript of water safety plan (wsp) for municipal committee jacobabad (mcj)