;+lrt pkhsf] e08f/df nfUg] sL/fsf] Joj:yfkgdf af]emf]sf] k|of]u

o1 k|;fb lu/L -d'Vo j}1flgs_g/]z 8fFuL -k|fljlws clws[t_

;'lgn cof{n -k|fljlws clws[t_/fd k|;fb d}gfnL -k|fljlws clws[t_

sL6 lj1fg dxfzfvf/fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg k|lti7fgg]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\

v'dn6f/, nlntk'/

2

k[i7e"ld

cfw'lgs v]tL] k|0ffnLsf] ljsfz x'g'k"j{ k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] cfwf/df v]tLkftL ug{] ul/GYof] . jftfj/l0fo ;Gt'ng /xg] pQm v]tL k|0ffnLdf ls;fgx?n] jg:kltx? / k|fs[lts kbfy{x?sf] k|of]u ug{] ub{y] . ls;fgx?n] cfˆgf afnL–gfnLdf sL/f / /f]usf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf] nflu sL6gfzs u'0f ePsf jg:kltsf] k|of]u ug{] k|rng lyof] . s[ifsx?n] cfw'lgs v]tL k|0ffnLsf] cg';/0f ug{ yfn]kl5 ;xh ?kdf pknAw x'g] /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] k|of]usf] a[l4;+u} sL6gfzs u'0f ePsf jg:kltx?sf] k|of]udf sdL xF'b} uof] . /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] k|of]uaf6 x'g] k|ToIf a]kmfO{bfsf] cnfjf o;n] kof{j/0f / dfgj tyf kz' :jf:Yodf ck|ToIf ?kdf kfg]{ ax'–cfoflds gsf/fTds c;/x? klg k|z:t /x]sf 5g\ . /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] cToflws k|of]un] sL/fx?sf] k|fs[lts zq'x? dg{] ePsf] sf/0fn] klxn] ;fdfGo dflgPsf sL/fx? klg sfnfGt/df 7'n} r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf s}og pbfx/0fx? b]lvPsf 5g\ . j}1flgsx?n] o:tf gsf/fTds c;/x?af6 aRgsf] nflu k/Dk/fut ?kdf k|of]u x'g] sL/f dfg{ ;Sg] ljif]z u'0f ePsf jg:klthGo ljiffbLsf] k|of]u ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfgdf k'gM hf]8 lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . o;} ;Gb{edf sL6 lj1fg dxfzfvfn] s[lifhGo pTkfbgdf xflgsf/s dflgPsf sL/fx?sf] Joj:yfgsf] nflu jg:klthGo kbfy{x?sf] k|efjsf/Ltfsf] ljifodf ljleGg cWoog ul/Psf 5g\ . ljleGg kl/If0fx?sf] glthfx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ af]emf]sf] k|of]u ;+lrt s[lifhGo pkhsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu lgs} nfebfos k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .

3

kl/ro

af]emf] Psblno ju{df kg{] Psf]/];L kl/jf/sf] ax'jlif{o jg:klt xf] . o;sf] j}1flgs gfd Psf]/; Sofnfd; -Acorus calamus L._ xf] . o;nfO{ c+u|hLdf ;'O{6 ˆNofu -Sweet flag_ elgG5 . g]kfndf o;nfO{ dfgj :jf:Yosf] nflu cf}iflwsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{] k|rng /x]sf] 5 . ;d'b|L ;txb]lv @))) dL6/ ;Ddsf] prfO{df nufpFbf klg o;df lgxLt ljiffbLhGo kbfy{ oy]i6 dfqfdf kfO{G5 .

af]emf]df ljleGg /f;folgs ju{df kg{] lqkGg yl/sf h}ljs tTjx? kfO{G5g\ . logLx? dWo] cNsf]xn -!!_, PlN8xfO{8 -!$_, O{:6/ -#_, km'/fg -!_, xfO{8«f]sfj{g -!(_, ls6f]g -$_ / gfO{6«f]hg ePsf] cGo -!_ k|d'v x'g\ . oLg} dWo] ls6f]g cGt/ut kg{] lj6f P;]/f]g, sL/f dfg{ ;Sg] ljif]z u'0f ePsf] k|d'v /f;folgs tTj xf] . 1fjnL / lsd -@))(_ n] kl/If0fsf] qmddf uf]bfj/L nlntk'/af6 ;+sng u/]sf] af]emf]df ef]nf6fO{n h}ljs tTj &$(#=%( ldnL u|fd÷lsnf] u|fd dWo] lj6f P;]/f]gsf] dfqf $^=&*Ü /x]sf] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

of] jg:klt ljZjsf ljleGg 7fpFx?df kfO{G5 . af]emf] ;fdfGotofM lr:ofg k|z:t ePsf] 7fpFx? -bnbn, l;d;f/, gbL / vf]nfx?_ df k|fs[lts ?kdf kfO{G5 . l;dfGts[t hUufdf klg nufpg ;lsg] / cGo nfebfos lj?jfx?;+u k|lt:kwf{ gug{] ePsfn] o;sf] Jofj;flos v]tL ug{ ;lsg] k|z:t ;Defjgf 5 . ef/tdf o;sf] pTkfbg $))) lsnf] ;'s]sf] h/f k|lt x]S6/sf b/n] x'g] u/]sf] pNn]lvt 5 . pGgt k|ljlwåf/f v]tL u/]df o;sf] bf]Aa/ pTkfbg lng] ;Defjgf x'G5 .

o;sf] h/faf6 lgsflnPsf] t]ndf sL/f lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg] ljif]z u'0f x'G5 h;n] sL/fx?nfO{ dfg]{, ljsif{0f ug{], c?rL u/fpg], km'nx? dfg]{ / ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug{] sfo{df gsf/fTds k|efj klg kfg]{ ePsfn] e08f/0f / v]taf/Ldf nfUg] sL/f Joj:yfkg ug{ pkof]uL

4

5 . af]emf] e08f/0fdf nfUg] sL/f Joj:yfkg ug{ k|efjsf/L ePtf klg k|rf/–k|;f/sf] sdL, ;xh tl/sfn] pknAw gx'g' / Jofj;flos ?kdf pTkfbg gx'g' cflb sf/0fx?n] ubf{ Jofks ?kdf ls;fgx?n] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] kfOb}g . af]emf]sf] k|of]u e08f/0fdf nfUg] xflgsf/s sL/fx?sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ lgs} pkof]uL 5 / o;nfO{ Plss[t sL/f Joj:yfkgsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ 36ssf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

ljifflbsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/g] cfb{z jg:kltx?df x'g'kg]{ u'0fx?M

k|fs[lts ?kdf kfO{g] v]taf/L / e08f/0fdf nfUg] xflgsf/s sL/fx?sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ k|of]u ul/g] jg:kltx?df lgDg u'0fx? x'g' /fd|f] dflgG5 .

• yf]/} kl/df0f klg k|efjsf/L x'g'kb{5 .

• al9 / 5f]6f] ;dodf pTkfbg lng ;lsg] x''g'kb{5 .

• ax'jlif{o, ;lhn} v]tL tyf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] x'g'kb{5 .

• /f]u–sL/fx?nfO{ cf>o glbg] / c? afnLx?nfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ gkfg]{ vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 .

• zq'hLjx? afx]s cGo k|f0fLx?nfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ gk'¥ofpg] vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 .

• ljifflb tof/ ubf{ sd >d nfUg] / ;:tf] x'g'kb{5 .

• pkrf/ ul/Psf] lapsf] pdf/ zlQmdf x|f; gNofpg] vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 .

• lj?jf jf ;+lrt vfBfGgsf] :jfb glaufg]{ / cfsif{0f g36fpg] vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 .

• v]taf/Ldf k|of]u ubf{ o;n] cGo lj?jfnfO{ c;/ gug]{ x'g'kb{5 .

• pkrf/ ul/Psf] jg:kltdf gsf/fTds c;/ gkfg{] x'g'kb{5 .

5

af]emf]sf] pkof]usf] ;DefjgfM

• e08f/0f / v]tjf/Ldf ljifflbsf] ljsNksf ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] .

• kof{j/0fnfO{ ;Gt'lnt /fVg d2t k'¥ofpg] .

• :yfgLo :t/df ;lhn} pknAw x'g] .

• t'ngfTds ?kdf ;:tf] x'g] .

• sd;n hdLgdf klg v]tL ug{ ;lsg] .

• ls;fg cfkm}n] agfP/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] .

• dfgj, hLjhGt' tyf jftfj/0fnfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ gk'¥ofpg] .

• k/fk'j{ sfn b]lvg} o;sf] k|of]u ljleGg ?kdf x'Fb} cfPsf]n] s[ifs :t/df ;lhn} k|rf/ x'g ;Sg] .

af]emf]sf] tof/L tyf k|of]u ljlwh/f ;+sngM

af]emf]sf] Jofj;flos v]tLdf ;+nUg s[ifsx? jf k|fs[lts ?kdf kfO{g] 7fpFx?af6 ;+sng ug{ ;lsG5 . af]emf]sf] h/fx? #) b]lv ^) ;]=dL= ;txdf / of] ^) ;]=dL= ulx/fO{ ;Dd km}lnPsf x'G5g\ . o;sf kftx? pTkfbg lng] ;do eP kl5 kx]+nf] xF'b} hfg] ub{5g\ . ;dfGotof /f]k]sf] ^ b]lv * dlxgfdf, lj?jfsf] tn lt/sf kftx? kx]+nf] /+usf] x'Fb} 6'Kkf] ;'Sb} hfG5 . k"0f{?kdf l5lKkPsf] cj:yfdf pTkfbg lnPdf af]emf]df lglxt ljifflbsf] tTj clwstd :t/df /x]sf] x'G5 .

6

Aff]emf]sf af]6x? Aff]emf]sf tfhf h/fx?

h/fsf] km}nfj6 w]/} x'g] ePsfn] h/f lgsfNg] ;dodf v]taf/Ldf l7Sssf] lr:ofg agfP/ /fVg'kb{5, h;n] ubf{ h/fx? lgsfNg ;lhnf] x'G5 . o;sf h/fx? xftn] pvn]/ of Jofj;flos v]tL u/]sf] eP hf]t]/ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . h/f lgsfNbf dflysf] xl/of] efu;+u hf]l8Psf] efunfO{ nueu % l;=ld hlt 5f]8]/ lgsfn]df pQm efunfO{ k'gM k|;f/0fsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

;xfos h/f glgsfn]sf] d'n h/f ;xfos h/f lgsfn]sf] d'n h/f

w'nf] agfpg]]M

;+sng u/]sf h/fx?nfO{ /fd|/L kvfn]/ ;kmf ug'{kb{5 . o;af6 tof/ ul/g] ljifflbsf] u'0f:t/ a9fpg h/fdf ePsf ;xfos h/f -fibrous

7

root_ / cGo /];fx?nfO{ x6fpg' kb{5 . o;/L tof/ ul/Psf d'n h/fx?nfO{ sf6]/ ! b]lv @ l;=dL= hlt ;–;fgf 6'qmfx? agfpg'kb{5 . pQm ;–;fgf 6'qmfx?nfO{ ;f]em} ;"o{sf] k|sfzdf ;'sfpFbf o;df kfO{g] ljifflbhGo tTjdf x|fz cfpg] ePsfn] ;"o{sf] k|sfzdf l;w} gkg]{ u/L sf]7fleq 5foFfdf ;'sfpg' kb{5 . o;/L ;'sfO{Psf ;–;fgf 6'qmfnfO{ vndf /fv]/ d;'/fsf] bfgf cfsf/sf] lk:g] / w'nf] agfpg] pks/0fdf -u|fO{G8/_ /fv]/ w'nf] agfpg' kb{5 . vndf glklwsg} 6'qmfx?nfO l;w} w'nf] agfpg] pks/0fdf lk:g ;lsG5 t/ o;sf] nflu 7"nf] u|fO08/sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . tn b]vfPsf] h:tf] u|fO08/df lk:g] xf] eg] klxn] af]emf]sf] 6'qmfnfO{ vndf lk;]/ d;'/fsf bfgf cfsf/sf] agfpg' kb{5 .

af]emf]sf] d'n h/fsf ;'s]sf 6'qmfx?

w'nf] agfpg] d]l;g af]emf]sf] w'nf]

e08f/0fM

af]emf]sf] w'nf] tof/ u/]kl5 pQm w'nf]nfO{ lk7f] rfNg] rfNgfn] rfn]/ /fVg'kb{5 . dl;gf] w'nf] agfP/ k|of]u ubf{ cgfh jf cGo s[lifhGo kbfy{df ;lhn} ld;fpg ;lsG5 . af]emf]sf] w'nf]nfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd e08f/0f ug{sf] nflu Knfli6ssf] 8Ajf jf Knfli6ssf] y}nLdf xfjf gl5g{] u/L aGb u/]/ /fVg'kb{5 .

8

Knfl:6ssf] Kofs]6df e08f/0f u/]sf] af]emf]sf] w'nf]

Knfl:6ssf] efF8fdf e08f/0f u/]sf] af]emf]sf] w'nf]

k|of]u ljlwM

af]emf]sf] w'nf] cfn' jf cGo ;+lrt cgfh;+u tx–tx agfP/ k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . cfn' e08f/0f ug{] sf]7fdf ;kmf u/]k5L Ps tx af]emf]sf] w'nf] /fv]/ To; dfly cfn'sf bfgfx? /fVg] ug'{kb{5 . o;/L /fVbf cfn'sf] k'tnLsf] Iflt k|:6 b]lvg] cfn'sf bfgx? lgsfn]/ kmfNbf cfn'nfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg ;lsG5 . cGo ;+lrt cgfhsf] nflu e08f/0f ug{] d]6n lag, h'6sf] af]/f jf cGo e08f/0fsf ;fdfu|Ldf af]emf]sf] w'nf]nfO{ /fd|/L ld;fP/ d'v aGb u/]/ /fVg'kb{5 .

Aff]emf]] k|of]u u/]sf] cfn'

9

af]emf]sf] k|of]uåf/f Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] sL/fx?M

qm=;+= ;fdfGo gfd j}1flgs gfd s}lkmot

! nfxL All species v]taf/Ldf

@ kmf}hL sL/f Spodoptera spp. v]taf/Ldf

# plkof h:tf] pk|mg] vk6] General v]taf/Ldf

$ Tff]/Lsf] s/f}t] sL/f Anthalia proxima v]taf/Ldf

% aGbfsf] k'tnL Pieris brassicae v]taf/Ldf

^ kmn s'xfpFg] cf};f Bactrocera dorsalis v]taf/Ldf

& skf;sf] /ftf] kt]/f] Dysdercus cingulatus v]taf/Ldf

* /fO{hf]kyf{ vk6] Rhizopertha dominica e08f/0fdf

( cfn'sf] k'tnL Phthorimaea operculella e08f/0fdf

!) wfgsf] k'tnL Sitotroga cerealla e08f/0fdf

!! wfg÷ds}sf] 3'g Sitophilus spp. e08f/0fdf

!@ bfnxg afnLsf] 3'g Callosobruchus chinensis e08f/0fdf

!# vk|f vk6] Trogoderma granarium e08f/0fdf

;|f]tM Stoll 2000.

xflgsf/s sL/f lj?4 Aff]emf]sf] w'nf]sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt kl/0ffdx?M

sL6 lj1fg dxfzfvf, v'dn6f/n] ljleGg ;dodf u/]sf cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt kl/0ffd cg';f/ cfn'sf] k'tnL, d;'/f]sf] 3'g, ds}sf] 3'gsf] nflu af]emf]sf] w'nf] k|efjsf/L kfO{Psf] 5 .

a'|ls8 3'g -Callosobruchus chinensis_ sf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu af]emf], l;dfnL, uGw] emf/, 9'Ë|L km'n, ltt]kftL, asfO{gf], wfgsf] e';sf] v/fgL, tf]/Lsf] t]n, lgdsf] t]n )=%, ! / @ k|ltztsf b/n] k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm kl/If0fdf af]emf]sf] h/fsf] w'nf] )=%, ! / @ k|ltzt -%, !) / @) u|fd_ k|lt lsnf] d;'/f]sf] bfgfdf ld;fO{ k|of]u ugf{n] a'|ls8

10

3'g -Callosobruchus maculatus F_ sf] Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsf/L ePsf] kfO{Psf] lyof] . o; kl/If0fdf lgdsf] t]n, tf]/Lsf] t]n / wfgsf] e';sf] k|of]u klg k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] 5 .

ds}sf] 3'gsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu af]emf], l6d'/, afa/L, jgdf/f, ltt]kftL, uGw]emf/, asfO{gf], l;dfnL, d;nf, lgdsf] kft, lgdsf] laofF / Jofj;flos ?kdf kfO{g] lx+u k|of]u u/L kl/If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm kl/If0fdf ds}sf] 3'gsf] -Sitophilus sp._ Joj:yfkgsf] nflu !) u|fd af]emf]sf] w'nf] k|lt sLnf] u|fd ds}sf] b/n] ld;fO{ k|of]u ubf{ k|efjsf/L kfO{Psf] lyof] .

cfn'sf] ljgfzsf/L hf]tfxf sL/f cyf{t cfn'df nfUg] k'tnLsf] (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) Joj:yfkgsf] nflu af]emf], ltt]kftL / Aofl;n; y'l/glhg[l;; -lj6L_ k|of]u u/L ul/Psf] kl/If0fdf @ u|fd af]emf]sf] w'nf] k|lt sLnf] u|fd cfn'sf] b/n] k|of]u ubf{ k|efjsf/L kfO{Psf] lyof] .

sL6 lj1fg dxfzfvfdf e08f/0fdf u/]sf] kl/If0f cg';f/ hf]tfxf sL/f Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|of]u u/]sf] af]emf], cfn'sf] k'tnLsf] efO{/;, lj=6L=, lgdaf6 ag]sf] ljifflb, dfnfyLof]g dWo] af]emf] @ u|fd k|lt sLnf] u|fd cfn'sf] b/n] k|of]u u/]sf] cfn'df @ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf )=(* k|ltzt dfq Iflt u/]sf] kfO{Psf] lyof] . pQm kl/If0fdf s]xL klg k|of]u gu/]sf] cfn'df (#=%% k|ltzt Iflt ePsf] lyof] . o; cg';Gwfgaf6 af]emf]sf] k|of]un] e08f/ ul/Psf] cfn'df hf]tfxf sL/fsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg s[ifs:t/df ;lhn} ug{ ;lsg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .

sfe|]knfGrf]s / dsjfgk'/ lhNnfdf s[ifsx?sf] e08f/0fdf af]emf]sf] k|of]u u/L ul/Psf] kl/If0fx?df klg k'tnL Joj:yfkgsf] nflu af]emf]sf] k|of]u ljifflbx?sf] t'ngfdf al9 k|efjsf/L k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .

11

af]emf] k|of]u u/L pkrf/ u/]sf] cfn' s]xL klg k|of]u gu/]sf] cfn'

s[t1tfM

of] k'l:tsf sL6 lj1fg dxfzfvf, g]]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ / cfn' ljsfz s]Gb|sf] ;xsfo{ / cli6«og ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;+rflnt ''Sustainable potato pest management in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region" kl/of]hgf cGt/utsf] Pp6f cg';Gwfgsf] pknAwLnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . of] k'l:tsf k|sfzg ug{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] JolQm tyf ;+:yfx? k|lt n]vsx? cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5f+} .

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?M

Entomology Division 2007.. Annual Technical Report 2005/06. Entomology Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar Lalitpur, Nepal. Pp. 32-36.

Giri, Y.P., R. Maharjan, T. Dochen, K. Nidup, M., Sporleder and J. Kroschel (2010). Efficacy of botanicals and Bacillus thuringensis to control potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), in potato stores in Nepal. International Society for Tropical Root Crops (ISTRC), 15th Triennial ISTRC Symposium. Pp. 163-170.

yk hfgsf/Lsf] nfluM

sL6 lj1fg dxfzfvf/fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg k|lti7fgg]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\

v'dn6f/, nlntk'/kf]i6 aS; g+= (&^ sf7df8f}, g]kfn

kmf]g g+= %%@!!$!÷%%#^@@$

O{d]nM ento@narc.gov.np

Gyawali R and Kim K-S. 2009. Volatile organic compounds of medicinal values from Nepalese Acorus calamus L. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5, No. II, September, 2009, pp 51- 65

Paneru R.B. and Sivakoti G.P. 2000/01. Use of Botanicals for the Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) in Lentil. Nepal Agricultural Research Journal, Vol. 4 & 5, 27-30.

Stoll G. 2000. Natural Crop protection in the tropics. Margraf Verlag. ISBN 3-8236-1317-0. P.245-247

k|sfzg jif{M @)^(÷&)