US IRCM Market Forecast
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Also in this issue: USMC: Shaping Air-Land EW for the MAGTF JANUARY 2012 Vol. 35, No. 1 US IRCM Market Forecast
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Transcript of US IRCM Market Forecast
Also in this issue:USMC: Shaping Air-Land EW for the MAGTF
JANUARY 2012Vol. 35, No. 1
US IRCM Market Forecast
Photo Courtesy of U.S. Army
www.baesystems.com
BAE Systems a proven leader in electronic countermeasures, producing more aircraft self-protection systems than any other company in the world.
The Advanced Threat Infrared Countermeasures system provides reliable, reusable jamming to defeat current and future threats, and is credited with saving soldiers in complex engagements from IR-guided missiles.
Our unsurpassed electronic countermeasures heritage demonstrates how We Protect Those Who Protect Us® and deliver real advantage to warfighters.
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News The Monitor 14
US Army Solicits Information on SIGINT Pod.
Washington Report 20
FY2012 Defense Spending Bill Passed
By Congress.
World Report 22
Italy Selects EW For CSAR Helos.
FeaturesUS IRCM Market Forecast 24
Dr. David L. Rockwell
The US market for missile warning and DIRCM
systems received a big boost from almost a
decade of operations in Afghanistan and Iraq.
What will the next ten years look like
for the market?
USMC Moves Out on
Air-Land EW 32
John Haystead
The USMC is exploiting the advantages of
networks to build a more robust EW capability.
How will this place new warfi ghting tools
into the hands of the Marine Rifl eman?
Views from the
AOC Convention 42
Photos and highlights from the AOC 48th Annual
Convention in Washington, DC.
Departments 6 The View From Here
8 Conferences Calendar
10 Courses Calendar
12 From the President
38 Book Review
39 EW 101
41 AOC News
45 Index of Advertisers
46 JED Quick Look
January 2012 • Volume 35, Issue 1
Cover photo courtesy US Navy
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JANUARY 2012 • Vol. 35, No. 1
EDITORIAL STAFFEditor: John Knowles
Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson
Senior Editors: Glenn Goodman, John Haystead
Technical Editor: Ollie Holt
Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Barry Manz, David Rockwell
Marketing & Research Coordinator: Heather McMillen
Sales Administration: Esther Biggs
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDMr. Tom Arseneault
President, Electronic Systems, BAE Systems
Mr. Chris Bernhardt
President, ITT Exelis Electronic Systems
Mr. Gabriele Gambarara
Elettronica S.p.A.
Mr. Itzchak Gat
CEO, Elisra
CAPT John Green
Commander, EA-6B Program Office (PMA-234), NAVAIR, USN
Mr. Micael Johansson
Senior Vice President and Head of Business Area, Electronic Defence
Systems, Saab
Mr. Mark Kula
Vice President, Tactical Airborne Systems, Raytheon Space and
Airborne Systems
LTC James Looney
Chief, Electronic Warfare Division, Directorate of Training and Doctrine, Fires
Center of Excellence, US Army
CAPT Paul Overstreet
Commander, ATAPS Program Office (PMA-272), NAVAIR, USN
Mr. Jeffrey Palombo
Senior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division,
Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp.
Col Jim Pryor
Chief, Electronic Warfare, Operational Capability Requirements
Headquarters, USAF
Mr. Kerry Rowe
Vice President, ISR and Force Protection Systems, Electronic and Mission
Systems,The Boeing Company
Wg Cdr P.J. Wallace
Chief of Staff, Joint Air Land Organisation, UK MOD
Dr. Richard Wittstruck
Director, System of Systems Engineering, PEO Intelligence, Electronic
Warfare and Sensors, USA
PRODUCTION STAFFLayout & Design: Barry Senyk
Advertising Art: Christina O’Connor
Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, [email protected]
Contact the Sales Manager:
(800) 369-6220 or [email protected]
Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin
at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail [email protected].
The Journal of Electronic Defense
is published for the AOC by
Naylor, LLC
5950 NW 1st Place
Gainesville, FL 32607
Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525
www.naylor.com
©2011 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The
contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in
whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher.
Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not
represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed
in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an
AOC position.
PUBLISHED JANUARY 2012/JED-M0112/6760
GOING COMMERCIAL?
t h e v i e wf rom here
This month’s JED features an IR countermeasures (IRCM) forecast writ-ten by Dr. David Rockwell. It has been a while since JED last published an IRCM forecast, and this one is interesting because it projects sig-nificant growth in the commercial aircraft market.
Although there is a long history of commercial aircraft being shot down by IR MANPADS (at least 24 confirmed incidents in the past
35 years), this threat has not impacted the industry enough to drive very much spending on IRCM systems. Serious interest developed after the 9/11 attacks, as some governments began to recognize the vulnerability of commercial aircraft and the critical role that air travel plays in their national economies. This concern became more acute in the wake of two incidents in which an Israeli commercial aircraft was attacked in Kenya in 2002 and an air freight carrier was attacked in Baghdad in 2003.
After these events, even most skeptics grudgingly acknowledged that the IR threat to commercial aircraft was indeed very real. The Israeli government re-sponded by equipping many of its larger commercial aircraft with flare-based IR countermeasures systems, and these have recently been upgraded with directed IR countermeasures (DIRCM) systems. In the US, the Department of Homeland Security funded a pair of DIRCM evaluations and a couple of ground-based di-rected energy demonstrations. Not much came of these efforts after they were completed, although the Air National Guard is showing interest in at least one of the DIRCM systems. Also, a European EW company has sold a small number of flare-based IRCM systems for commercial transport aircraft.
If you look beyond the small number of IRCM systems sold to the commercial market, the commercial user has, in fact, made an impact on IRCM technology development. There has been a greater concentration on system cost and instal-lation, and the DHS demonstration program certainly helped to improve the reli-ability of DIRCM systems. These advances have made efforts such as the US Army’s CIRCM program more affordable and more effective. But even advanced solutions like CIRCM still fall short of what the commercial airlines really want.
That is the big question that reaches well beyond the commercial airlines: “What types of EW solutions do commercial users really want?” Is there a com-mercial market for ESM systems that can detect and geolocate GPS jammers? Will communications jammers ever become widely used in the US as they are in other countries where movie theaters, restaurants, museums and other businesses want to restrict annoying mobile phone use? How about the non-military government market for systems such as IED jammers?
These questions intrigue me because I often wonder if the EW market, as we know it, will someday flip, with the commercial EW market becoming larger and more important than the military EW market. Will the commercial market attract new companies that develop EW solutions only for commercial users? If that does eventually happen, few of us will probably see it in our lifetime. But it’s never too early to start thinking about it. – John Knowles
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c a l e n d a r c o n f e r e n c e s & t r a d e s h o w s
AOC headquarters events noted in red. For more information, visit www.crows.org.
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JANUARY
42nd Annual Collaborative EW ConferenceJanuary 24-26Pt Mugu, CAwww.crows.org
FEBRUARY
Singapore Air ShowFebruary 14-19Singaporewww.singaporeairshow.com.sg
EW India (EWCI 2012)February 21-24Bangalore, Indiawww.aoc-india.org
Information Operations Europe 2012February 22-23NATO School, Oberammergau, Germanywww.crows.org
MARCH
Dixie Crow SymposiumMarch 18-22Warner Robins, GA www.crows.org
Low Probability of Intercept/ELINT ConferenceMarch 20-22Monterey, CAwww.crows.org
APRIL
Training, Tactics and Testing in the Contested EMS ConferenceApril 4-5Las Vegas, NVwww.crows.org
SOF EW: Training, Test and Special Ops in the EMSApril 10-12Hurlburt Field, FLwww.crows.org
Australian EW, IO and Cyber ConventionApril 15-17Adelaide, Australiawww.oldcrows.org.au
MAY
5th Annual EW Capability Gaps and Enabling Technologies ConferenceMay 8-10Crane, INwww.crows.org
AOC/Shephard EW Europe 2012May 9-11Rome, Italywww.crows.org
JUNE
Kittyhawk AOC & AFRL Sensors Directorate Technical SymposiumJune 4-7Wright-Patterson AFB, OHwww.kittyhawkaoc.org
EW, IO and Cyber Capabilities for Air, Sea Battlespace Operations ConferenceJune 5-7Charleston, SCwww.crows.org
Whidbey Roost 39th Annual EW SymposiumJune 11-14NAS Whidbey Island, WAwww.whidbeyroost.org
SAM/IADS Threat & EW/Cyber Blue Counter-Threat ConferenceJune 19-21Huntsville, ALwww.crows.org
International Microwave Symposium (IMS-2012)June 17-22Montreal, Canadawww.ims2012.org a
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c a l e n d a r c o u r s e s & s e m i n a r s
AOC courses are noted in red. For more
info or to register, visit www.crows.org.
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JANUARY
Radar EWJanuary 9-13Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UKwww.cranfi eld.ac.uk
DRFM Executive OverviewJanuary 19Washington, DCwww.pe.gatech.edu
Survey of Electromagnetic Battle Control ApplicationsJanuary 23-24Pt. Mugu, CAwww.crows.org
FEBRUARY
Introduction to Radar and EWFebruary 28-March 2Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
MARCH
Aircraft SurvivabilityMarch 12-16Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UKwww.cranfi eld.ac.uk
Leveraging LPI Technologies CourseMarch 19Monterey, CAwww.crows.org
IR/Visible Signature SuppressionMarch 20-23Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
Modeling & Simulation of RF EW SystemsMarch 20-23Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
APRIL
Modeling & Simulation CourseApril 2-3Las Vegas, NVwww.crows.org
DRFM TechnologyApril 3-5Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
DIRCM: Technology, Modeling and TestingApril 17-19Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
Basic RF EW ConceptsApril 17-19Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
Introduction to ISR Concepts, Systems and Test & EvaluationApril 17-20Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
MAY
Infrared CountermeasuresMay 8-11Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
Principles of Radar Electronic ProtectionMay 15-18Baltimore, MDwww.pe.gatech.edu
JUNE
Basic RF EW ConceptsJune 19-21Las Vegas, NVwww.pe.gatech.edu a
42nd Annual Collaborative
Electronic Warfare Symposium:
Visit www.crows.org
or more information and to register.
BROUGHT TO YOU BY:
As EW warfighting requirements continue to develop in their complexity and
interdependency, it is equally necessary to explore potential solutions to generate Joint
collaborative EW effects across war fighting domains, mission areas, and generations of
deployed capabilities. The rapid growth in technology has created potential opportunities
to collaborate with EW in new and different ways. The AOC, under a co-sponsorship
agreement with NAWCWD, will hold the Collaborative Electronic Warfare Conference at
the Ronald Reagan Library, January 24 (unclassified), and at Pt Mugu, CA January 25-26
(classified sessions).
“Collaborative Electronic Warfare”January 24-26, 2012 | Naval Base Ventura County, Pt. Mugu, CA
Security/Clearance Requirements!!!
You must pass your clearance to attend the conference!
Salute to the Military Reception Wednesday, January 25, 1730-1930
Camarillo Museum
Survey of Electromagnetic
Battle Control Applications CourseJanuary 23-24, 2012 | Lynn Berg - Instructor
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Association of Old Crows1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200
Alexandria, VA 22314-1652Phone: (703) 549-1600
Fax: (703) 549-2589
PRESIDENTLaurie Moe Buckhout
VICE PRESIDENTRobert Elder
SECRETARYCliff Moody
TREASURERDavid Hime
AT-LARGE DIRECTORSCliff Moody
Linda PalmerPaul WestcottMichael Oates
David HimeTony Lisuzzo
Ron HahnLisa Frugé
Col Robin Vanderberry, USAF
REGIONAL DIRECTORSSouthern: Wes HeidenreichCentral: Judith Westerheide
Northeastern: Charles BenwayMountain-Western: Wayne Shaw
Mid-Atlantic: Bill TannerPacific: Joe “JJ” Johnson
International I: Robert AndrewsInternational II: Gerry Whitford
IO: Al Bynum
APPOINTED DIRECTORSDonato D’Angelantonio
Joe HulseyJames J. Lovelace
Marc Magram
IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENTWalter Wolf
AOC STAFFDon Richetti
Executive [email protected]
Norman BalchunasDirector, Operations
Mike DolimDirector, [email protected]
Carole H. VannDirector, Administration
Shelley FrostDirector, Logistics [email protected]
Kent BarkerConferences Director/
Glorianne O’NeilinDirector, Member
Tony RamosDirector,
Brock SheetsDirector, [email protected]
Stew TaylorMarketing and Exhibits
Tanya MillerMember and Chapter
Support [email protected]
Jennifer BahlerRegistrar
Keith JordanIT Manager
Glenda M. Reyes-Montanez
Executive Assistantreyes-montanez@
crows.org
Tasha MillerMembership [email protected]
Miranda FulkLogistics Coordinator
Lauren StewartLogistics [email protected]
Bridget WhydeMarketing/Communica-
tions [email protected]
m e s s a g ef rom the pres ident
MAKING PROGRESS
For the past five years, the electronic warfare profession has been break-ing out of its mold, and our ideas have been gaining more and more traction among senior leaders and warfighters.
Last month, ADM Jonathan Greenert, Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), published an article in the US Naval Institute’s Proceeding’s mag-azine titled “Navy 2025: Forward Warfighters.” In the article, Admiral
Greenert looks ahead 15 years and offers his vision for how the Navy will fight in the future. He covers a number of important areas, but what struck me most was his discussion about “Mastering the Electromagnetic Domain.” “Today, Navy forces focus on deconflicting operations in the electromagnetic spectrum or cyber domains,” he wrote. “By 2025, the Fleet will fully operationalize those domains, more seamlessly managing sensors, attacks, defense, and communications, and treating EW and cyber environments as ‘maneuver spaces’ on par with surface, undersea, or air.”
Admiral Greenert’s insightful article comes just six months after the US Ma-rine Corps published its Concept of Operations for Marine Air-Ground Task Force Electronic Warfare (CONOPS for MAGTF EW). The CONOPS states, “Success on future battlefields will demand that the MAGTF commander has the ability to sense the EMS, maneuver within the EMS, and exercise command and control of electronic warfare forces.” (See the USMC EW article on page 32 in this month’s JED.)
What makes me proud is that the concept of the EMS as an operational domain and maneuver space came from the EW community. It has been discussed in JEDmagazine articles, at AOC conferences and in countless meetings between EW pro-fessionals and senior military leaders over the past few years. Those senior leaders are now endorsing the concept and incorporating it into strategic planning. For EW professionals, this is a huge achievement, and we need to continue helping our senior leaders to build an EMS strategy.
What difference does it make to have the EMS viewed as an operational do-main? After too many years in the Pentagon, I can say with confidence the word “domain” translates to high-level policy, funding, manning and equipping – all of which are critical to creating the world-class EW capability needed to defend our free nations. Can EW survive without it? Certainly! However, EMS-using technol-ogy has taken us to the point (and in fact a little past that point) where we either treat the EMS as the “key terrain” it is, or we cede control of it to others. I think our choice is clear.
As this discussion continues and evolves, the AOC’s role is to enable and fos-ter it. Our job is to support the defense leaders of our nations, and I feel con-fident they will eventually make the critical decisions necessary to build and sustain the Spectrum Warriors we need for today’s and tomorrow’s conflicts. – Laurie Moe Buckhout, COL (Ret.), USA
Survey of Electromagnetic Battle Control Applications CourseJanuary 23-24 Naval Air Warfare Center - Weapons Division, Pt. Mugu, CA
42nd Annual Collaborative Electric Warfare SymposiumJanuary 24-26 Naval Air Warfare Center- Weapons Division, Pt. Mugu, CA
Information Operations Europe 2012 ConferenceFebruary 22-23 NATO School, Oberammergau, Germany
Introduction to Radar and EW CourseFebruary 28-March 2 Dick Wiley - Instructor AOC Headquarters, Alexandria, VA
Leveraging LPI Technologies CourseMarch 19 Dick Wiley - Instructor US Navy Post Graduate School, Monterey, CA
Low Probability of Intercept/ELINT ConferenceMarch 20-22 US Navy Post Graduate School, Monterey, CA
Modeling & Simulation CourseApril 2-3 Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV
Training, Tactics, and Testing in the Contested EMS ConferenceApril 4-5 Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV
SOF EW: Training, Test and Special Ops In The EMSApril 10-12 Hurlburt Field, FL
5th Annual EW Capability Gaps and Enabling Technologies ConferenceMay 8-10 Crane Lakeview Conference & Convention Center, Crane, IN
EW Europe 2012May 9-11 Palazzo Dei Congressi, Rome, Italy
EW, IO and Cyber Capabilities for Air, Sea Battlespace Operations ConferenceJune 5-7 SPAWAR, Charleston, SC
SAM/IADS Threat & EW/Cyber Blue Counter-Threat ConferenceJune 19-21 Huntsville Redstone, Huntsville, AL
EMS Life Cycle Management ConferenceJuly 17-19 Dahlgren, VA
AOC 49th Annual International Symposium & ConventionSeptember 23-26 Phoenix Convention Center and Hyatt Regency, Phoenix, AZ
Global EW Emerging Technologies ConferenceOctober 23-25 Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA
RPA’s EW & ISR Operations ConferenceNovember TBD SPAWAR, San Diego, CA
AOC 2012 Conferences & Courses
Save the Date:
All dates subject to change. Refer to crows.org for the most up-to-date information.
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t h e m o n i t o rnews
SPAWAR SEEKS MAN-PACK COMINT SYSTEMS
The US Navy’s Space and Naval War-fare Systems Command (SPAWAR) has issued a group of market surveys that request information about various types of available communications intelli-gence (COMINT) systems. SPAWAR Sys-tems Center-Atlantic (Charleston, SC) issued four RFIs for man-pack push-to-talk (PTT) direction finding (DF) and geolocation systems, portable cellular geolocation and collection systems, unattended sensors networks and soft-ware-defined collection systems.
The PTT DF and geolocation system RFI seeks information about man-pack, stand-alone COMINT systems that can detect, track, DF and geolocate VHF/UHF emitters. The system will be used by “far
US ARMY SOLICITS INFORMATION ON SIGINT POD
The US Army has issued a request for information (RFI) for a SIGINT pod that will be integrated onto its MQ-1C Gray Eagle UAVs. The Quick Reaction Capabili-ty (QRC) program, known as the Traveler Pod (T-Pod), was originally announced in a 2011 pre-solicitation notice (see JED, September 2011, p. 18) from Army Contracting Command at Redstone Arse-nal, AL. Last month’s RFI provides more details about the planned acquisition.
The Project Manager Airborne Recon-naissance and Exploitation Systems (PM ARES), which is part of the Program Ex-ecutive Office for Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors (PEO IEW&S) at Aber-deen Proving Ground, MD, is conducting the market survey to identify companies that can deliver five T-Pods within four months of contract award. The T-Pod will provide emitter mapping and situational awareness to battlefield commanders.
PM ARES is seeking T-Pod solutions with a Technology Readiness Level of 7
or higher. The size, weight and power requirement calls for a T-Pod that does not exceed 200 lbs, does not require more than 1,200 Watts and does not occupy more than 3 cubic feet. The T-Pod contractor will also provide a ground workstation that can control
the SIGINT payload and display col-lected data.
The Army is seeking delivery of five T-Pod systems by April 2012. The program point of contact is Mike Mon-ticello, (443) 861-4751, e-mail [email protected]. – J. Knowles
forward-deployed” forces (a team of six Marines) conducting concealed SIGINT/EW missions. The threshold requirement is for a system that allows operators to create a signal search list of up to 25 sig-nals (100 signals objective) and for the entire list within 30 seconds (10 seconds objective). SPAWAR is seeking solutions that do not exceed 105 lbs (70 lbs objec-tive) and can perform the DF function independently or as part of a network.
The RFI for “Portable Advanced Cel-lular Geolocation Systems” calls for SI-GINT solutions that will enable deployed forces to detect, collect, exploit and geolocate “advanced 4th-generation sig-nals.” The objective requirement is for an ethernet-controlled system that is powered by 12-28 VDC. The desired con-figuration is 8.5 x 7.25 x 2.75 inches.
The “Advanced Software-Defined Col-lection System” RFI also calls for a por-table advanced cellular collection system that can detect, collect, exploit and geolocate “advanced signals across the entire RF spectrum to support deployed forces.” Under this RFI, SPAWAR is seek-ing “a field programmable software de-signed product solution only that may go in a small container, palletized skid plate, or other form factor.” The SIGINT solution may be man-packable or “small team transportable.” The point of contact for these three RFIs is Paula Somers, e-mail [email protected].
The Unattended Sensor Network RFI calls for a system of four unattended sensors that can collect and geolocate signals from 30 MHz to 3 GHz and com-municate back to a central operator node
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for processing. The battery-powered sensors, which could be located up to 5 km apart, will communicate over a TCP/IP network. The sensors will be capable of geolocating emitters within 20-30 seconds of detecting a signal of inter-est. The maximum cost of each sensor (including communications, antenna, processor, receiver and GPS) shall not exceed $25,000. The point of contact for this RFI is Enrico Chandler, e-mail [email protected]. – J. Knowles
✪ ✪ ✪
Editor’s Note: JED could not fit all of the news from November’s AOC International Symposium and Convention in last month’s issue, and so, this month we are providing additional coverage from that event.
SENIOR US/UK OFFICERS CALL FOR LOUD SUPPORT OF EW INITIATIVES
Both opening-day keynote speakers at the annual AOC International Sym-posium and Convention gave personal testimony on the critical importance of electronic warfare (EW) and of con-trolling the Electromagnetic Spec-trum (EMS). In defining the term EMS
t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s
JOINT CONCEPT DOCUMENT ADDRESSES EMERGING AREA-DENIAL THREATS
The DOD’s recently released Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC) Document, prepared by the Joint Staff and introduced by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Martin Dempsey, describes how future joint forces will ensure operational access to conflict areas in the face of new and emerging anti-access and ar-ea-denial (A2AD) security challenges. The leading trend identified in the JOAC is “the dramatic improvement and proliferation of weapons and oth-er technologies capable of denying ac-cess to or freedom of action within an operational area, which come not only from advanced technologies, but also from the innovative use of basic, even crude, capabilities.”
Among the specific anti-access/area denial threats identified are: long-range reconnaissance and sur-veillance systems; submarine-based interdiction of sea lines of com-
munications between US bases and operational theaters; improved air defense systems, both fixed and mo-bile; shorter-range anti-ship missiles and submarines employing advanced torpedoes; unmanned systems; and cyber attack on command and control systems and infrastructure.
The JOAC identifies the need for greater “cross-domain synergy” be-tween the air, land, sea, space and cy-berspace domains, that will “enhance the effectiveness of capabilities in some domains to compensate for the vulner-abilities of others.” The document also emphasizes cross-domain synergy at increasingly lower levels, “essential to generating the tempo that is often crit-ical to exploiting fleeting opportunities to disrupt the enemy system.” It also calls for a greater degree of integration of space and cyberspace operations into the traditional air-sea-land battlespace. – J. Haystead
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Deliver mission success SM
www.urscorp.com
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Warrior, Maj Gen Jay Santee, Principal Director, Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary, USAF, used a series of person-al vignettes to identify the wide scope of membership that this community encompasses, including not only EW of-ficers and operators, but also cyber and intelligence specialists, information op-erations, and industry professionals.
General Santee cited the need for a DOD-wide EMS strategy and stated that this work has in fact begun, with the goal of establishing both a clear and
common set of end goals and capa-bilities, as well as laying out a path to reaching those objectives. “It’s all about maintaining control of the spectrum for ourselves and denying it to someone else. Our EMS warriors are doing this every day.” Santee also pointed to the challenges posed by the often compet-ing demands of national security and the need for economic growth and tech-nological advancement and expansion in the commercial electromagnetic are-na, and called upon industry and orga-
nizations like the AOC to help navigate through these waters.
As a ground forces commander and former Director of the Joint IED De-feat Organization, LTG Michael L. Oates (USA, Ret.), now VP of Army Systems and Special Operations Programs, Lock-heed Martin, spoke of his gratitude to the Navy for providing his troops with the EW support they needed to coun-ter IEDs in Iraq, a capability which the Army had itself neglected at the time. Having experienced the results of such inattention firsthand, today Oates says it is absolutely critical to have a cham-pion across the DOD and within each of the Services to advocate loudly for EMS warfare initiatives, capabilities and implementation, particularly in acquisition and funding areas. “In all Diplomatic, Information, Military, and Economic (DIME) concerns, nothing op-erates without access to the EMS – prior to, during, and after conflict. We need to ensure there are well-informed voices emphasizing the need and value of this discipline within the DOD and the senior leadership of the Services, and to ensure that their voices are heard.”
In opening the second day of the event, Air Commodore Ken McCann, RAF, Air Attaché, British Defence Staff, gave a poignant view of the UK and NATO perspective on the importance of optimizing the use and control of the EMS. In it, he warned that this apprecia-tion is not unique to the West and that others are moving as fast, or faster, to achieve dominance of the domain. “Al-most weekly, we hear of new or newly-exported systems capable of attacking the West’s own EM-dependent systems including communications, navigation, sensors, weapons-guidance and jam-ming systems. These threats have been coming for years, but they’re now in-creasingly commonplace, more sophisti-cated and cheap.”
Citing numerous historical lapses in adequately addressing EMS capabilities and vulnerabilities, McCann pointed to “lessons identified,” but not necessar-ily learned – most recently, the Libyan conflict. While observing that NATO had conducted a well planned and well ex-ecuted air campaign, he also pointed out that Libya’s air defense systems were far
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562878_Mercury.indd 1 11/23/11 3:41:56 PM
from state-of-the-art, and the Alliance was heavily dependent on the contri-bution of US forces and systems, par-ticularly SEAD, to achieve and maintain control of Libyan air space. “It’s more important and illustrative to recognize what systems NATO did not encounter than those that we did. If double-digit SAMs had been present, even in small numbers, NATO’s weaknesses would have been more clearly exposed.”
McCann also gave evidence of the UK military’s recognition of the importance of the EM warfighting domain, point-ing to the delivery of the RC-135W “Air Seeker” SIGINT platform, the RAF’s ver-sion of the US Air Force’s “Rivet Joint,” as well as the country’s acquisition of an increased number of Predator UAS and of the F-35 aircraft “with its step change in ISR and EW capabilities.” Still, he noted that in the current austere fis-cal environment, difficult acquisition choices will have to be made. “Demands will only increase, and we must all work with the warfighters and policy mak-ers to ensure that the EMS domain is given its due consideration, and that it
attracts the appropriate investment in money, time, personnel and intellectual effort that will be required. The price of not learning lessons is often very high.” – J. Haystead
IN BRIEFMercury Computer Systems Inc.
(Chelmsford, MA) has announced that it will acquire KOR Electronics (Cy-press, CA) and its subsidiary, Paragon Dynamics (Aurora, CO), for $70 million in cash. KOR Electronics manufactures digital RF memory units for EW and radar applications. Paragon Dynamics provides software engineering and mis-sion analysis services. The acquisition is part of Mercury’s strategy to grow its MULTI-INT offerings.
✪ ✪ ✪
ATK (Woodland Hills, CA) has re-ceived a delivery order from Naval Air Systems Command for the Ad-vanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM) Block 1 upgrade program, which includes software improve-ments, changes and enhancements for
the AARGM AGM-88E missile. The im-provements enable the AGM-88E All Up Round, as well as the Common Muni-tions Built-in Test (BIT) Reprogram-ming Equipment (CMBRE) box 4 and 5 to achieve the performance and effec-tiveness objectives originally laid out in development specifications.
✪ ✪ ✪
Northrop Grumman (San Jose, CA) has received a $19.2 million contract from the US Air Force to install addi-tional signals and add other technolo-gy to the Airborne Signals Intelligence Payload (ASIP) system, the SIGINT sys-tem currently in use on the service’s Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle. The additions should be complete by July 2013.
✪ ✪ ✪
Northrop Grumman (Amherst, NY) has received a contract from the Defense Microelectronics Activity to provide Combat Electromagnetic Environment Simulators (CEESIM) for US Air Force E-3 aircraft. The CEESIM system will be used
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to support maintenance for the service’s airborne warning and control system electronic support measures operational computer program software.
✪ ✪ ✪
Lockheed Martin has delivered a new airborne signals intelligence (SI-GINT) system for use on USAF C-130J aircraft. The system, part of the Senior Scout program, is built into a trailer-like container that can be rolled on and off the C-130J, enabling the aircraft to be used for tactical SIGINT and reconnais-sance. The system began acceptance testing last month.
✪ ✪ ✪
Northrop Grumman (Rolling Mead-ows, IL) is expected to receive a sole-source contract from the Warner Robins Air Logistics Center to support the US Air Force Quick Reaction Capability (QRC) program to sustain the following systems: QRC 81-01, QRC 84-05, USM-642, HARM Targeting System Test Set (HTS-TS), ALQ-188A(V), ALQ-188(V)4, GLM-10 and associated support equip-ment. Each contract includes 12 months and four sequential annual options for an additional 12 months each.
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Naval Sea Systems Command (Crane, IN) has issued a presolicitation notice for the design and fabrication of the Radiated Energy Tracking Sub-system (RETS). RETS includes hardware and software required to locate, track and measure the peaks of multiple, moving radio frequency (RF) beams si-multaneously radiating from an elec-tronic attack (EA) system or other RF system with similar performance. The solicitation number is N0016412RWS56. The point of contact is Kathy Gaither, (812) 854-8482, e-mail [email protected].
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The US Army Contracting Com-mand, on behalf of the US Army RDE-COM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD), Science and Technology Division, Countermine Technology Branch, has issued a request for information as part of its market
research on state-of-the-art ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology for possible use in the Service’s next gen-eration handheld landmine/explosive hazard detector. The sensor would need to detect targets buried from 0-30 cm from distances as high as 7.5 cm above ground. The solicitation number is W909MY-12-R-B003. The point of contact is Paul Easton, (703) 704-0834, e-mail [email protected].
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AAI Corp. (Hunt Valley, MD) has re-ceived a sole source contract from Air Force Materiel Command to provide Bar-inga Ultraviolet Missile Warning System Test Sets for HH-60U Pave Hawk helicop-ters. The sets will test the performance of Common Missile Warning Systems (CMWS) on the aircraft.
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L-3 Communications Flight Inter-national (Newport News, VA) received a $29 million contract modification to a previously awarded firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract from Naval Air Systems Com-mand (Patuxent River, MD) to provide airborne threat simulation training for shipboard and aircraft squadron weapon systems operators and aircrew, to en-hance abilities to counter potential en-emy electronic warfare and electronic attack operations in an electronic com-bat environment. Work will be complet-ed by October 2012.
✪ ✪ ✪
Alliant Techsystems (Clearwater, FL) is slated to receive a sole-source delivery order to develop and conduct contractor testing for smart dispense capability on the AAR-47 Missile Warning System (MWS) for US Marine Corps and US Navy helicopters, rotorcraft and other low/slow flying fixed-wing aircraft.
✪ ✪ ✪
AAI Test & Training (Hunt Valley, MD) has received an indefinite deliv-ery, indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contract from the Naval Surface Warfare Center (Indian Head, MD) for the Universal Test Set (UTS). The UTS is a portable, battery-powered test set to verify the
performance of counter-radio controlled improvised explosive device, EW (CREW) systems. A first delivery order for $3.1 million includes spares, accessories and other services. The full contract has a potential value of $29.2 million over three years. The company has completed 340 UTS deliveries with another 270 systems scheduled for delivery in early 2012.
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Lockheed Martin MS2 (Syracuse, NY) has received a three-year, sole-source contract from the Naval Under-sea Warfare Center Division (Newport, RI) for in-service engineering support of BLQ-10 (V) EW support (ES) systems. The contract includes on-site trouble-shooting, development, fabrication, test, ES system installation, modifica-tions to field change kits, configuration management and integrated logistics support products associated with tech-nology refresh and insertions and prob-lem resolutions.
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SRC (North Syracuse, NY) has re-ceived a $3.6 million cost-reimbursement contract from the National Ground Intel-ligence Center (Charlottesville, VA) for EW integrated reprogramming (EWIR) analysis, production and support.
✪ ✪ ✪
Micronetics, Inc. (Hudson, NH) has been awarded a $3.9 million contract from a prime contractor for the supply of high performance broadband micro-wave subsystems, including several In-tegrated Microwave Assemblies (IMA), to sustain and upgrade self-protection capability on airborne platforms. Hard-ware will be delivered over a 12-month period beginning in first quarter 2013.
✪ ✪ ✪
Teledyne Scientific and Imaging(Thousand Oaks, CA) was awarded a $20 million firm-fixed-price contract for the production, testing, inspection and delivery of 8,500 aircrew laser eye per-formance block two spectacles and 100 fitting frame sets. ASC/WNUK, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, is the contracting activity. a
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Exhibition & Conference9 - 11 May 2012Rome, Italy
WARFARE INDIAELECTRONIC
Exhibition & Conference 21-24 February 2012
shephardmedia.com/events
Free exhibition. Register as a visitorEW India tinyurl.com/EWIndia2012
Why should you attend as an exhibition visitor?
> See the latest equipment > Hear about the latest developments in this
fast-paced market
> Make new contacts with electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) professionals
> EW is the place to conduct business > It’s free to attend as an exhibition visitor.
Official Media:In collaboration with:
*1
Supporting associations at 12 August 2011 *1 Courtesy of Northrop Grumman *2 Courtesy of Navantia
*2
EW Europe tinyurl.com/EWEurope2012
9 - 11 May 2012
Exhibition & Conference21 - 24 February 2012Bangalore, India
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w a s h i n g t o nreport
FY2012 DEFENSE SPENDING BILL PASSED BY CONGRESSLast month, the House and Senate agreed on an FY2012 de-
fense spending bill, which has been signed into law by Presi-dent Obama. The bill, part of a larger appropriations package passed just before Congress left Washington for their Winter Recess, provides $518.1 billion in regular discretionary fund-ing for the Department of Defense. That figure is approximate-ly $5.1 billion more than was provided in FY2011, but it was also $20.8 billion less than the President requested.
The final defense appropriations bill was shaped by a House-Senate conference that met to iron out differences be-tween the House and Senate versions of the bill. The confer-ence reduced funding for a number of electronic warfare (EW) and signals intelligence (SIGINT) programs and added funding for a few. A summary of these changes are:
ARMY RDT&E• Smoke, Obscurant and Target Defeating System-Advance Devel-
opment funding reduced from $9.5 million to $4.5 million. The $5 million cut was described as a “program growth adjustment.”
• The EW Development funding line was cut from $101.2 mil-lion to $34.3 million due to CIRCM program delays.
• Threat Simulator Development funding increased from the President’s $17 million request to $26,158,000 to accommodate program transfers from the disbanded Joint Forces Command.
• The Tactical UAV funding line was cut from $44.2 million to $26.5 million due to Tactical SIGINT Payload (TSP) contract award delays and a change to the TSP acquisition strategy.
ARMY PROCUREMENT• The conferees decided to cut all funding for procurement of
Enhanced Medium Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System ($539.6 million) due to program delays stemming from bidder protests that impacted the development schedule.
• The funding line for the AAR-57 Common Missile Warning Sys-tem was reduced from $162.8 million to $104.3 million due to contract award delays for A-kit production and installation.
NAVY RDT&E • Due to a late contract award for its Technology De-
velopment phase, Next Generation Jammer program funding was reduced by $19 million to $171 million.
NAVY PROCUREMENT• EA-18G funding was reduced from the DOD’s request
of $1.1 billion to $994.5 million due to various cuts not related to the aircraft’s EW systems.
• The Navy’s Airborne Electronic Attack line was re-duced from $34.1 million to $31.8 million because of a $2.3 million cut for air-launched decoy jammers.
• The Navy’s Fleet EW support Group line was reduced by $1 million to $1.7 million.
• The Common ECM Equipment line was trimmed from $92.1 million to $63.8 million because of IDECM Block IV concur-rency (-$25.5 million) and DIRCM A kit Savings (-$2 million).
• SLQ-32 production was cut from $43.1 million to $39.9 mil-lion because some aspects of Block 1B3 Units, which would have provided upgraded displays and high-gain, high-sensi-tivity receivers, were no longer required.
• The Shipboard IW Exploit funding line was reduced from $103.6 million to $100.7 million due to a change in procure-ment strategy for Paragon SIGINT upgrades.
AIR FORCE RDT&E • The Next Generation Bomber (Long Range Strike) program
received a $100 million increase, boosting it to $297 million.• EW Development was reduced from $26.9 million to $16.9
million due to MALD-J Increment 2 Technology Development contract award delays.
• The Airborne Electronic Attack line was cut from $47.1 mil-lion to $41 million because of delays in the start of the EA Pod program (-$3.5 million) and AEA System of Systems con-tract delays (-$2.6 million).
• The Combat Training Ranges line was cut from $28,106,000 to $8,106,000, in part due to changes and delays in the Joint Threat Emitter Increment 2 program (-$12 million).
• The Airborne SIGINT Enterprise line was cut from $121.7 mil-lion to $108.2 million because of Airborne SIGINT Payload (ASIP) 2C contract delays (-$12 million) and RQ-4 program delays (-$1.5 million).
AIR FORCE PROCUREMENT• The Air Force’s Compass Call program was boosted to $290.3
million due to an additional $33.7 million for Avionics Mod-ernization Phase 1.
SOCOM• US Special Operations Command received two related plus-ups,
totaling $7 million, to address unfunded EW requirements.
OCO• In the Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) section of the
budget, SOCOM also received a $12 million RDT&E add for a Tactical SIGINT Geolocation Capability to address shortfalls identified in the field.
• In the OCO Procurement section, the Navy’s AEA Systems line was reduced to $45.6 million due to a $7.5 million cut for Intrepid Tiger pod procurement.
• The Air Force’s C-130 Series line was cut from $59.6 million to $44.2 million because LAIRCM installation funding was requested “ahead of need.”
• The Air Force’s MQ-9 procurement line received a $29.5 mil-lion reduction because its request for ASIP-2C sensors was
“early to need.” – JED Staff a
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w o r l dreport
IRAQ SEEKS MORE F-16IQ AIRCRAFTThe Iraqi Government has signalled
its intention to by 18 new F-16IQ Block 52 aircraft for the Iraqi Air Force. The proposed deal, requested last month via the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program, follows a 2011 contract for 18 F-16IQs. The new buy would essentially provide the Iraqi Air Force with a sec-ond squadron of F-16s as it tries to re-build what was once one of the largest air forces in the Middle East.
The proposed sale calls for the second batch of F-16IQs to be equipped similar to the first. This includes 24 APQ-68(V)9 radars, 20 APX-113 Advanced IFF systems and 120 Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing Systems. The request also calls for 22 EW suites comprising ALE-47 chaff/flare dispensers and either ITT Ex-elis’ ALQ-211 Advanced Integrated Defensive Electronic Warfare Suite (AIDEWS) or Raytheon’s Advanced Countermeasures Electronic System (ACES), which includes the ALR-93 radar warning receiver and the ALQ-187 radar jammer.
The Iraqi Air Force is also seeking 20 targeting pods (either the AAQ-28 Lit-ening or the AAQ-33 Sniper) and four electro-optic reconnaissance systems (either the F-9120 Advanced Airborne Reconnaissance System or the DB-110 Reconnaissance Pod). This second deal includes a weapons package compris-ing 100 AIM-9L/M-8/9 Sidewinder Missiles, 150 AIM-7M-F1/H Sparrow Missiles, 50 AGM-65D/G/H/K Maver-ick Missiles and 200 GBU-12 Paveway II laser-guided bombs. Neither F-16IQ deal has provided the Iraqi Govern-ment with the longer-range AIM-120 AMRAAM or AIM-9X missiles or with GPS-guided munitions.
The total package, which also in-cludes support and training, is valued at $2.3 billion. The US Congress has ap-proved the FMS request, and contract negotiations are expected to begin in the next few months. The Iraqi Air Force wants to rebuild its fighter fleet around six new squadrons, although it is not clear if they will be established around a single aircraft type. – JED Staff
ITALY SELECTS EW FOR CSAR HELOSItaly’s General Directorate of Air
Armaments has awarded Elettronica (Rome, Italy) an undisclosed value contract to provide its Virgilius multi-function EW system for the Italian Air Force’s AW101 combat search and res-cue (CSAR) helicopters.
According to the Italian Air Force’s requirements, the future fleet of AW101 CSAR helicopters will be equipped with a self-protection suite comprising Elettronica’s Virgilius ESM system (also acting as the EW suite manager); a new solid-state radar jammer based on Eurofighter Typhoon EW technology (to be provided by Elettronica under a future contract);
chaff/flare dispensers; Cassidian’s AAR-60 MILDS II missile warning system (already in the Italian Air Force’s inventory); and a twin-turret Elettronica ELT/572 directional IR countermeasure (DIRCM) system that is currently under development.
The recently awarded Virgilius con-tract calls for the delivery of 11 kits (with additional spare systems), in-cluding the single-box Virgilius ESM/RWR multi functional unit (MFU). Cables and antennas will be installed and integrated under a separate con-tract currently being negotiated be-tween Elettronica and AW101 prime AgustaWestland. – L. Peruzzi
IN BRIEF❍ The US Army is conducting a market
survey of companies that can provide in-country COMINT training services for the Pakistani Army, which is planning to acquire new COMINT sys-tems from DRS Defense Solutions in the US. The task orders will include operator and maintenance training for vehicular and man-pack COMINT equip-ment. The program point of contact is Mark Conrad, +(443) 861-3214, e-mail [email protected].
❍ Northrop Grumman has delivered a Combat Electromagnetic Environment Simulator (CEESIM) a Signal Measurement System (SMS) and a Pulseman Portable CEESIM Simulator to Aselsan’s Radar, Electronic Warfare and Intelligence Systems Division in Ankara, Turkey.
❍ The French government launched four Thales-made ELISA ELINT demonstra-tor satellites into orbit last month. The satellites will operate in close proxim-ity to one another 700 km above the earth. The information and lessons learned will be used to prepare the French Government’s follow-on CERES ELINT satellite program, which is expected to reach orbit within the next 10 years.
❍ A senior US official told reporters last month that a team of Libyan and US bomb disposal experts have secured about 5,000 surface-to-air missiles in Libya since the fall of Col Moamer Kadhafi. Andrew Shapiro, assistant sec-retary of state for political and military affairs, said that the team had “identi-fied, disbanded and secured more than 5,000” of the former regime’s estimated 20,000 MANPADS. He added that thou-sands more were destroyed during NATO bombing. The governments are pursu-ing this effort in an attempt to prevent these threats from reaching insurgent and terrorist groups in North Africa and around the world. a
T he paper submission deadline for the AOC LPI Radar, Counter LPI and ELINT Receiver Technolo-
gies Conference is extended to February 3, 2012. Refer to the call for papers below for submission guidelines. The important dates are:
➤ Extended summaries due: February 3, 2012
➤ Notification of acceptance: February 17, 2012
➤ Final extended summary submis-sion: March 1, 2012
➤ Author registration with AOC: February - March, 2012
One behalf of the AOC and the NPS Center for Joint Services Electronic War-fare, you are cordially invited to submit a paper(s) to the Symposium on LPI Radar, Counter LPI and ELINT Receiver Tech-nologies Conference (to be held at the S/NF classification) at the Naval Postgradu-ate School in Monterey, CA from March 19-22, 2012 (see below, the call for pa-pers including the paper format required). The website is: http://www.crows.org/details/162-low-probability-of-intercept-elint-conference.html
General Conference Chairman: Prof. Phillip E. Pace, NPS
Technical Program Chairman: Prof. Ric A. Romero, NPS
Monterey is a beautiful and historic city famous for its Cannery Row excite-ment. The area offers a wide spectrum of culture, sports, recreation, and sightsee-ing opportunities. The symposium theme is “LPI, Counter-LPI, & ELINT: Exploiting Diversity Techniques”. Previously unpub-lished contributions across a broad range of topics in LPI radar and counter-LPI radar theory are solicited, including (but not limited to) the following areas:
Call for Papers: AOC Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) Radar, Counter LPI and ELINT Receiver Technologies Conference.
SPECIAL SESSION ON MIMO RADAR
Following the theme of diversity tech-niques, a special session on MIMO radar configurations will be scheduled and tu-torial papers are welcome. A special in-troductory session on MIMO is presented by Dr. Marshall Greenspan. Applications of MIMO radar and their expected impact on ELINT/non-cooperative intercept receiver systems are strongly encouraged.
New trends in LPI radar design (SECRET/NOFORN and UNCLASSIFIED)
➤ Ultra-low side lobe antenna design
➤ Multifunction RF systems
➤ Power and Energy efficient techniques
➤ Atmospheric shielding
➤ New results in FMCW emitter design
➤ Diverse modulations
➤ Air, surface, underwater applications of LPI emitters
➤ Noise radar
➤ Over-the-horizon (OTH) emitter design
➤ LPI sensor networks and target fusion
➤ Waveform design for LPI and seekers
➤ Software defined LPI system
Counter-LPI and ELINT receiver technology (SECRET/NOFORN and UNCLASSIFIED)
➤ LPI emitter detection
➤ New technologies for ELINT/SIGINT receivers
➤ Autonomous modulation identification/classification
➤ LPI waveform parameter extraction
➤ LPI jammer techniques and technology
➤ Network-enabled detection architectures
➤ Anti-radiation missile seekers for counter-LPI
SHORT COURSE
There will be a short course offered on the day before the conference starts on March 19, 2012:
LPI and ELINT Collection Systems – Dr. Dick Wiley, RAS
PAPER FORMAT
Single column extended summaries (3-4 pages) should be UNCLASSIFIED, 1.5 spacing and 11-pt Times New Roman font with sufficient detail for review by experts in the field. Submit extended summaries to the technical program chair [email protected]. The UNCLASS summa-ries will be bound and distributed at the conference. a
Visit www.crows.org for additional information.
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In August 2011, insurgents shot down a U.S. Army CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift transport helicopter during fighting in eastern Afghanistan, killing 30 Americans and eight Afghans aboard. Though this event caught the public eye, and it was the deadliest single loss for American forces in the decade-old war, it was only one of more then seventy U.S. “Combat Hostile Action” rotorcraft losses suffered during Op-eration Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). A rarely-quoted study written by Mark Crouch of the Institute for Defense Analyses and Dennis Lindell of the Joint Air-craft Survivability Program Office for the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) in 2009 analyzes in great detail the cause of these 70 shootdowns from October 2001 through September 2009, along with 305 other Combat Non-Hos-tile and Non-Combat losses. The data are revealing.
There is now no question that all classes of helicopter need better pro-tection. A primary goal of the study was to determine if protection has improved since the Vietnam War. The conclusion is that yes, combat loss rates (CLR) are substantially lower to-day; the 2001-2009 rotary-wing CLR was 7 times lower than during the Vietnam War. However, hostile action losses have spread more equally to all types of helicopters – in OEF/OIF, 35 at-tack and observation helicopters were lost, as were 35 cargo and utility heli-copters, with similar CLRs; in Vietnam, the CLR was twice as high for attack/observation helicopters. The Vietnam legacy has perhaps driven efforts to
On the Bounce?By Dr. David L. Rockwell
equip attack helicopters with protec-tion first, but in OEF/OIF, there were nearly four times as many fatalities in cargo/utility losses.
Regarding the threat, the majority of these helicopter losses were caused by infrared (IR) guided man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS). In OEF/OIF, the report states, only 31 percent of losses and 14 percent of fatalities were caused by small arms and auto-matic weapons. (However, small arms and automatic weapons were the preva-lent threats attacking helicopters.) No reported rotary-wing losses have been caused by radar-guided weapons in OEF/OIF. Given the ongoing development and proliferation of IR-guided threats, the
need for IRCM systems is only likely to increase in the future.
This article will present Teal Group Corp.’s ten-year forecast of the US IRCM market primarily for missile warn-ing system (MWS) and directed IRCM (DIRCM) systems.
BEGINNINGS: LAIRCM & ATIRCM
The DIRCM market has risen with – and will decline with – Northrop Grumman’s AN/AAQ-24(V) Large Air-craft IR Countermeasures (LAIRCM) system, which evolved from the US-UK Nemesis DIRCM program in the 1990s. Optimized for large transport aircraft such as C-5s, C-17s, and C-130s, LAIRCM is the past decade’s most
IR Jammer Market ForecastRDT&E+Procurement Available to the U.S.
CAGR: -8.9% (FY11-16); -6.4% (FY11-20)
FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY200.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
1400.0(FY11 $ Millions)
LAIRCM+AAQ-24 ATIRCM CIRCM
Other IRCM Commercial
DIRCM MARKET
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important DIRCM program, from a production standpoint. In September 2001, Northrop Grumman won the LAIR-CM SDD contract, and the first LAIR-CM-equipped C-130H completed initial operational test and evaluation (IOT&E) in July 2004. The pioneering nature of LAIRCM and the large IR signatures of the platforms it protects have meant high per-aircraft costs for the system. No other US DIRCM program in the next decade will focus on such large aircraft, and any high-volume production pro-gram will likely see cost-savings learned from a decade of LAIRCM experience.
LAIRCM has become a huge EW pro-gram due primarily to OEF/OIF. The Air Force originally estimated a $2 billion to
IR Jammer Market Forecast
RDT&E+Procurement Available to the U.S.
CAGR: -8.9% (FY11-16); -6.4% (FY11-20)
(FY11 $ Millions) LAIRCM/AAQ-24 ATIRCM CIRCM Other IRCM Commercial
FY11 1019 96 4 25 22
FY12 870 74 52 27 34
FY13 562 92 72 23 66
FY14 475 94 82 24 80
FY15 466 96 104 26 92
FY16 397 114 104 26 90
FY17 378 78 130 22 92
FY18 309 72 122 30 88
FY19 288 68 138 29 96
FY20 252 64 206 30 94
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26$6 billion program cost for LAIRCM for more than 900 Air Mobility Command aircraft, which sounded outlandish at the time. Before OIF, we thought this unlikely. Now, in late 2011, at least $3 billion has already been spent to equip many of the US Air Force’s large fixed-wing aircraft that have been deployed in support of OEF/OIF. The US Navy and US Marine Corps are equipping 156 sys-tems under the Department of Navy LAIRCM (DoN LAIRCM) for CH-53D, CH-53E and CH-46 transport helicopters. MV-22 production is ongoing.
But LAIRCM’s peak has now been reached, with USAF procurement fund-ing of $550 million in FY11 encompass-ing all major platforms – C-5, C-17, C-130, and C-130J. Scheduled funding drops off sharply after FY12, as most major Air Force production will be complete. Only C-130J funding will continue at more than $100 million per year through FY16. USMC rotary-wing procurements will continue, but DoN LAIRCM pro-duction also will end soon, with only production for the MV-22 continuing through the decade.
Of course, some new aircraft types will add LAIRCM in the future, in-cluding the possibility of a podded LAIRCM for several hundred KC-135 tankers (tested in 2011). With other solutions becoming available in the DIRCM market, however, our forecast is for LAIRCM funding to fall back substantially over the next few years. Our speculative forecast for new plat-forms may prove conservative, but by end of the decade, spending on new systems, like the Army’s Common IR Countermeasures (CIRCM), could over-take LAIRCM.
While LAIRCM has met the DIRCM needs of the Air Force, Marines and Navy, BAE Systems’ AN/ALQ-212(V) Advanced Threat IR Countermeasures (ATIRCM) system has been grinding its way through development for the US Army. Intended to supplant BAE Sys-tems’ lamp-based AN/ALQ-144(V) on nearly all Army helicopters, the program entered engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) in 1995 and reached low-rate production in 2003. It then lan-guished while the Army debated how to
pursue development of an improved all-laser ATIRCM.
In recent years, following dozens of helicopter losses in OEF/OIF, the Army finally funded an ATIRCM Quick Reac-tion Capability (QRC) program for 83 of its CH-47 Chinooks operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. Unless BAE Systems wins CIRCM with an ATIRCM deriva-tive, the ATIRCM program has either died or will be very small during the forecast period.
As of early 2011, ATIRCM was being in-stalled only on Army CH-47D/F Chinooks deployed to Afghanistan. But in Febru-ary 2011, the Army planned a new con-tract for ATIRCM QRC A-kits and B-kits to be awarded in FY11. Teal Group’s forecast is for moderate additional production for new platforms, as LAIRCM winds down and the services await the likely-delayed CIRCM program. International orders are also likely, especially for CH-47s. If CIRCM is more substantially delayed or cancelled, expect our ATIRCM forecast to grow. In any case, we see ATIRCM snatch-ing at least some dollars from the up-coming budget turbulence, and it could
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561338_Mercury.indd 1 11/23/11 12:12:37 PM
remain a solid production program for at least the next few years.
THE FUTURE: CIRCMLAIRCM and ATIRCM are considered
too heavy for most DOD helicopters, and this has prompted the DOD to pur-sue a smaller and lighter-weight (85-lb max) DIRCM solution via the Army-led CIRCM program. To give an idea of the importance of CIRCM, in July 2010 the Defense Acquisition Executive (DAE) directed that CIRCM provide the sole acquisition of future laser-based in-frared countermeasure systems for all rotary-wing, tilt-rotor, and small fixed wing aircraft across the Department of Defense. The Army has said it wants to equip 1,076 Army Apache, Black Hawk, upgraded Kiowa Warrior, and other he-licopters with the CIRCM system. The Navy and Marine Corps urgently need a system lighter than DoN LAIRCM for their SH-60s, AH-1Z SuperCobras, and hundreds of other helicopters.
The main challenge for CIRCM is timing. The CIRCM program kicked off in 2009, and a draft RFP was released
in May 2010. The Army was expected to award at least two 21-month CIRCM technology development (TD) con-tracts in early 2011, with flight tests beginning in 2012. EMD was to follow, and plans called for CIRCM First Unit Equipped (FUE) in 2017. Delays have led the Army to slip the CIRCM schedule. In mid-2011, it issued a final RFP and received multiple responses. As of late 2011, four companies – BAE Systems, ITT Exelis, Northrop Grumman and Raythe-on – remain in the competition. A fifth contender, Lockheed Martin, was elimi-nated by September 2011.
The Army now expects to award CIRCM TD contracts this month. But this has put the program’s schedule and funding into greater jeopardy amid Washington’s ongoing and turbulent budget stand-off. These delays raise the possibility that the CIRCM develop-ment program may eventually be can-celled or significantly re-scoped.
Though Teal Group sees the possibil-ity of ATIRCM-like delays, future CIRCM production should be huge. Eventually, thousands of next-generation DIRCMs
will be acquired, though possibly of more than one design and from more than one manufacturer – possibly as En-gineering Change Proposals for ATIRCM and DoN LAIRCM. But a good compari-son is with the ALQ-144 IR jammer, the current US IRCM system for small and mid-sized helicopters. More than 6,000 ALQ-144s have been produced. Our fore-casts are speculative, based on a delay of only one or two years beyond current plans, but with a fairly stretched devel-opment program and a slow production rate buildup. In this scenario, massive procurement funding will not occur un-til next decade.
MISSILE WARNING SYSTEMS
In the US market for missile warn-ing systems (MWS), the most important future program will be the US Navy’s Joint Allied Threat Awareness System (JATAS). It will dominate the MWS mar-ket by the end of this decade. Under JATAS, ATK and teammate BAE Sys-tems are developing a two-color imag-ing IR MWS that will offer faster and longer-range missile detection than
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the ultra-violet (UV) sensors in most current missile warners. These include BAE Systems’ AN/AAR-57 Common Mis-sile Warning System (CMWS), which is primarily installed on US Army aircraft; Northrop Grumman’s AN/AAR-54, which is the MWS for the AAQ-24; and ATK’s AN/AAR-47, the ubiquitous legacy Navy/Marine/Air Force MWS. The Navy wants to replace these legacy systems with what will likely amount to thousands of JATAS suites, which will result in a fu-ture procurement that is probably even greater than US Army CMWS production.
In July 2011, the Navy awarded ATK a $109.2 million contract for JATAS EMD, after beating off the Lockheed Mar-tin team. BAE Systems will contribute heavily, possibly with as much as 40 percent of the development work, on JATAS. The EMD contract includes op-tions for LRIP and full-rate production, potentially worth $1.1 billion, with LRIP deliveries beginning in early FY2015 and IOC planned for later that year. The EMD award date slipped from 1QFY11 to 3QFY11, but since its origins in 2007, JATAS has held relatively steady to schedule.
JATAS is planned to initially replace the AAR-47 on the MV-22B Osprey, fol-lowed by MH-60R, MH-60S, and UH-1Y utility helicopters, the Marine Corps’ CH-53K heavy-lift helicopter and AH-1Z SuperCobra attack helicopters.
JATAS is also to include hostile fire indication (HFI) threat detection capa-
bilities, to provide accurate and timely warning of small arms, rocket-propelled grenades, and other ground fire in all flight regimes, ambient light condi-tions, clutter backgrounds, and weather conditions. So far, schedules and plans for HFI incorporation into JATAS are not definite, but it appears ATK – already contracted for an HFI software upgrade for the AAR-47 – may take over HFI de-velopment and incorporate it into the baseline JATAS. No word yet whether this will delay JATAS readiness (and ATK has a good record with its on-schedule AAR-47 upgrades) but Teal Group is wary
that full baseline HFI incorporation could result in capabilities creep. So far, we forecast JATAS production to be rela-tively on schedule.
The other new IR-based MWS is the Air Force’s Next Generation Missile Warning Subsystem (NexGen MWS), which will improve the probability of declaring threat missiles, and increase the probability of detection in high clutter environments. In July 2004, the Air Force awarded contracts to Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin for SDD. NexGen MWS is planned to seamlessly replace the AAR-54 in both LAIRCM and other AAQ-24 DIRCM variants. In Octo-ber 2008, Northrop Grumman’s two-color IR sensor was selected over Lockheed Martin’s one-color sensor. The C-17 will likely receive the first NexGen sys-tems. A full-rate production decision is planned for 1QFY12.
Although there are currently no plans for a blanket buy of NexGen MWS across all Air Force platforms, we expect a growing procurement, to eventually equip more than just LAIRCM and AAQ-24. Our forecast is speculative.
The AAR-57 is another IRCM program that received a huge boost because of OEF/OIF. Having completed most of its development by 2002, the CMWS was stalled in low-rate production for the next few years as the Army focused on other Global War on Terror (GWOT)-
MWS Market ForecastRDT&E+Procurement Available to the U.S.
CAGR: -8.3% (FY11-16); 1.8% (FY11-20)
FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY200.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0(FY11 $ Millions)
AAR-47 AAR-57 CMWS AAR-54
NexGEN MWS [IR] JATAS [IR]
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MODELING & SIMULATION COURSE
April 2-3, 2012
Greg Rohling and Micah Coleman - Instructors
Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV
visit www.crows.org for more information and to register.
TRAINING, TACTICS AND TESTING IN THE CONTESTED EMS CONFERENCE
April 4-5, 2012 | Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV
NG IN RENCE
related priorities. During that time, he-licopter losses in Afghanistan and Iraq began to mount, and in 2006 the Army finally awarded a $1.4 billion contract to BAE Systems for an immediate emergen-cy procurement of 2,000 independent CMWS systems for helicopters.
With more than two thousand sys-tems planned for service, CMWS RDT&E
funding is already developing several upgrades, including the Generation 3 (Gen 3) Electronic Control Unit (ECU), CMWS Enhanced Sensor, and CMWS Tier 2/3 enhancement (new algorithm up-dates to counter new variants/missiles). Gen 3 ECU fielding will begin in FY12.
Army sensor studies from 2011 on-ward will evaluate CMWS technology
compared to the Navy JATAS program, and look at the pros and cons of UV vs. IR missile warning sensors for Army aircraft. The study will also examine other technologies to possibly enhance the CMWS UV sensor with either an IR or acoustic adjunct to support hostile fire indication.
In mid-2011, the Army awarded BAE Systems a $71.4 million ID/IQ contract for CMWS A-Kits (wiring and mounts) for fixed-wing aircraft, and produc-tion continues for modernized Army aircraft. With international sales also ramping up, and continuing upgrade funding budgeted, CMWS will remain the world’s most important MWS pro-gram until JATAS takes over after the middle of the decade.
Whither Man? Commercial IRCM
In November 2002, a man-portable IR-guided SAM was fired at a commer-cial Israeli-operated Boeing 757 airlin-er taking off from Mombasa, Kenya. In February 2003, Senator Barbara Boxer (D-California) envisioned retrofitting 6,800 U.S. commercial aircraft with
MWS Market Forecast
RDT&E+Procurement Available to the U.S.
CAGR: -8.3% (FY11-16); 1.8% (FY11-20)
(FY11 $ Millions) AAR-47 AAR-57 CMWS AAR-54 NexGEN MWS [IR] JATAS [IR]
FY11 26 156 43 18 60
FY12 37 112 24 10 62
FY13 34 94 13 12 58
FY14 22 138 8 24 50
FY15 14 118 4 26 56
FY16 21 74 5 46 50
FY17 18 46 4 58 118
FY18 16 64 2 66 152
FY19 12 74 2 60 194
FY20 12 74 2 67 200
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DIRCM systems for a “relatively small investment” of $7-10 billion, although a 2005 RAND Corp. study estimated $40 billion over 20 years for 6,000 air-craft. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has spent more than $250 million since 2004 on contracts with Northrop Grumman, BAE Systems, United Airlines, FedEx, and others to develop commercial IRCM systems, and in a March 2010 report to Congress the DHS estimated a $2.2 billion cost to protect just 98 “targeted” wide body passenger aircraft.
Since early last decade, however, there have been few high-profile new threats – despite US State Department estimates of more than 40 civilian air-craft hit by MANPADS since the 1970s – and many commercial IRCM programs conducted final testing last decade without follow-on production.
But with the continued proliferation of IR MANPADS and the ease with which terrorist groups can acquire them, there have been recent calls in the US Con-gress to revisit the commercial IRCM question. With removable pods such as Northrop Grumman’s Guardian system tested in 2011 on US Air National Guard KC-135 tankers, IRCM could be deployed only on jets flying into high threat en-vironments. With American wars in Asia winding down, and defense budgets tightening, look for renewed efforts from the defense industry to divert non-DOD funding to IRCM, and a resurgence of interest in commercial and civil air-liner protection.
Several systems are already avail-able, led by Northrop’s upgraded Guardian, which was initially devel-oped last decade. By mid-2008, Guard-ian had completed 10,000 hours of actual flying time aboard nine FedEx cargo aircraft, but Northrop began dissolving the program in April 2008 when DHS funding ended.
Other systems initially developed last decade but still on offer include BAE Systems’ podded JetEye, which completed the first flight of a func-tional DIRCM on a revenue-producing commercial flight, mounted on a Boe-ing 767-200 from New York to Los An-geles. Of course, all four CIRCM bidders could modify their less expensive sys-
tems, probably in a podded or modular configuration, for commercial and civil applications, as well.
Our forecast is speculative, and is based on an increased likelihood of a high-profile MANPADS attack on a commercial aircraft in the next few years, or increased popular attention to those mysteriously missing Libyan MANPADS. If a successful shoot-down of a commercial liner were to occur, funding would grow much faster than our forecast.
MARKET SHARES
Due to its dominant LAIRCM pro-gram, Northrop Grumman will hand-ily lead the IRCM market for the next decade. Adding the associated legacy AAR-54 and future NexGen MWS only increase Northrop’s dominance. BAE Systems will hold second place, based on its portion of JATAS, the old ALQ-144 and what can only be called a shadow of originally planned ATIRCM procurement. ATK should be happy that its solid but oft-ignored AAR-47 has transformed into prime leadership of the next couple of decades’ premier MWS program – JATAS.
In terms of available programs and funding, CIRCM is clearly the media fa-vorite at the moment. But with delays likely, and CIRCM again expected to
provide an “affordable” DIRCM, it may take CIRCM a decade to ramp up to truly major procurement funding – much like for LAIRCM.
There will also be considerable fund-ing for HFI upgrades for missile warning systems, perhaps more than for CIRCM in the medium term, with thousands of new and upgradable MWSs recently in service – CMWS, and soon NexGen MWS and JATAS. These thousands of systems will earn substantial RDT&E and upgrade funding throughout the decade (includ-ed in our MWS funding forecasts), much of which could be available to non-de-fense technology firms. a
Dr. David L. Rockwell is Senior Electronics Analyst for Teal Group Corp., a provider of aerospace and defense competitive intel-ligence based in Fairfax, VA ([email protected]).
DIRCM/MWS Market ShareRDT&E+Procurement Available to the U.S.
(FY11-FY20) (Prime Contracts)
Northrop Grumman53.5%
BAE Systems21.8%
AT K7.4%
Lockheed Martin0.7%
Available16.6%
DIRCM/MWS Market Share
RDT&E+Procurement Available to the U.S.
(FY11-FY20) (Prime Contracts)
Northrop Grumman 5891
BAE Systems 2402
ATK 812
Lockheed Martin 73
Available 1826
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he Dixie Crow Chapter of the AOC will host its 37th annual Regional Technical Symposium on 18-22 March 2012. This year’s theme, shown above, illustrates collaboration within the Information
Operations (IO) environment. It prepares the battlefield before combat operations, serves as a force multiplier during battle, and defends our forces throughout. IO is the key to America’s protection at home and force projec-tion abroad.
Papers to support this theme should include issues relat-ing to Electronic Warfare (EW), Intelligence Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) and collaboration within the IO en-vironment. Efficient utilization and control of the Electro-magnetic Spectrum is necessary for defense of our forces and our homeland. Collaborative improvement is necessary to keep our tactics and products viable for the future.
Papers may be classified or unclassified. Briefing ses-sions will be held for classified, unclassified and export
Countering the Threat Through EW and ISR Collaboration
March 18-22, 2012
controlled information. There will be significant represen-tation from our foreign allies. International Traffic in Arms Regulations will apply. Your presentations should consider applicability, classification, releasability, and Internation-al Traffic in Arms Regulations. Any attendee wishing a copy of the briefing must contact the briefer.
Presentations will be targeted for 20 minutes (Including Questions and Answers)
Please let us know if you are interested in presenting a paper. Abstracts must be unclassified and may be sub-mitted electronically any time before 1 February 2012 and should be less than 200 words. Presenters will be notified by 15 February 2012, if accepted. Along with the abstracts, please provide the classification and releasability informa-tion for the presentation along with the speaker’s short bio (example online). E-mail abstracts, speaker biographies and releasability document to any member of the Technical Ses-sion committee below:
SPONSORSHIP AND EXHIBITSDixie Crow Symposium 37 also offers sponsorship
and exhibit opportunities. The deadline for reserving
exhibit space is 6 February 2012.
For the latest details, please visit the Dixie Crow
homepage at: www.dixiecrow.org.
Doug Nation (478) 971-2417E-mail: [email protected]
John Shawhan (478) 922-8333, ext. 256 E-mail: [email protected]
Mark Swann (478) 222-4481E-mail: [email protected]
Call for Papers: Dixie Crow Symposium 37
By John Haystead
32
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“Just as the Marine Corps has
traditionally used the air, land and
sea to close with and destroy the
enemy, it must now look at the EMS
environment as an equally relevant
‘Maneuver Space.’”
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rine Corps strategy. It includes all the familiar buzzwords – interoperability, networking, cross-discipline coopera-tion, system of systems (SOS), increased training, etc. What is different, how-ever, is that the Marine Corps has put its plan on paper, in detail, and most importantly, it has linked it directly to existing capabilities and assets and to other technologies and systems that are already in advanced development for re-alistic, near-term deployment – specifi-cally the 2016-2020 timeframe.
According to the Marines, the 2016-2020 timeframe accounts for capabili-ties which are currently in development, the “sundown” of the EA-6B, potential deployment of a Group 4 UAS, and the F-35B Joint Strike Fighter.
EW FOR THE MARINE RIFLEMAN
Whatever EW capabilities the Ma-rines ultimately implement, it must in parallel address a change in Marine Corps operational thinking. To adapt to a changing threat environment, the Marine Corps is gradually shifting from a battalion-centric approach to one in which the Marine rifle company is seen as the lowest tactical unit capable of independent operations. To accomplish this, however, the rifle companies will need to have increased network access and situational-awareness information. As described by LtCol Shawn Cunning-ham of the Networking/Connectivity Di-vision (APW-74), Weapons Requirements Branch at USMC Headquarters, “The in-tent is that the MAGTF Commander will have the necessary organic assets at his
disposal to control the EMS at the time and place of his choosing, but also to have the ability at the tactical level for Marines to request capabilities such as ISR and non-kinetic fires in real time.”
The CONOPS explains this shift: “His-torically, the Marine Corps focused sepa-rately on airborne and ground based platforms, using them to conduct Elec-tronic Attack (EA), Electronic Protection (EP), Electronic Warfare Support (ES), and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) as required by each individual MAGTF element. In order to better support the Marine rifle-man and provide him access to the full EW network, the MAGTF EW concept must allow for the coordinated management of action of each element of EW, spectrum management and now cyber, rather than a mutually exclusive approach.” It goes on to say that “traditional EMS users (EA, ES, EP, SIGINT, Force Protection, and spectrum management) must collaborate with cyber and information operations in order to counter the threat and provide the desired effects in direct support to not only the Marine rifleman but all ech-elons within the MAGTF.”
The CONOPS cites a 2010 White House fact sheet that states, “the use of the spectrum has grown at over 250 percent per year, with some estimates indicat-ing that the next five years will see an increase in wireless data of between 20 and 45 times 2009 levels.” In paral-lel with this trend, dedicated command and control systems will continue to incorporate new, sophisticated wave-forms, encryption methods and other technologies and tactics that will allow
The US Marine Corps is a uniquely agile fighting force, an important consider-ation when evaluating its approach to fielding an EW battle management ca-pability. Unlike its brethren Services, which must often co-address strategic and geo-political concerns like global force projection and winning potential wars, the Marine Corps focuses on seiz-ing objectives and winning battles. This is why, when the Marine Corps officially identifies securing the Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) as a critical mission ob-jective, you can expect that there are already Corps boots and brains moving out on the target. Even so, they have a long way to go, with many of the well-known obstacles, challenges and ques-tions still to be addressed.
In June of last year, the Marine Corps Capabilities Development Direc-torate (Quantico, VA) released a Con-cept of Operations (CONOPS) document for Marine Air-Ground Task Force Elec-tronic Warfare, (MAGTF-EW). In it, the USMC defined the EMS as a warfight-ing environment that must be fully in-tegrated into the complete battlefield awareness and management activities of the MAGTF Commander, with Ma-rines at all echelons relying on EW as an integral component to their opera-tions. “Just as the Marine Corps has traditionally used the air, land and sea to close with and destroy the enemy, it must now look at the EMS environ-ment as an equally relevant ‘Maneuver Space,’” the document states.
In truth, there’s not much new or different, if anything, about the Ma-
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them to blend into the global informa-tion environment. Enemy combatants in low-intensity conflict areas have already begun to exploit a multitude of cheap, readily-available commercial communication technologies, and this trend will undoubtedly continue as com-mercial use of the spectrum continues to grow at a rapid rate.
ALL IN THE FAMILY
To deal with this disparate range of future threats and requirements, the Marine Corps plan calls for the de-ployment and integration of a scalable “EW Family of Systems (FOS),” organic to each unit, combined with the cre-ation of Electronic Warfare Coordina-tion Cells (EWCC) within each MAGTF. Says LtCol Robert Kudelko, EW Aviation Requirements Officer (APW-41) at USMC Headquarters, “We’ve clearly seen the demand from Iraq and Afghanistan, and we’re trying to align the FOS/SOS to ad-dress these demands and provide the needed organic EW assets. The ground, air and command and control pieces all have to advance together for this to be effective. All are equally important.”
The cornerstone of this capability will be a “services oriented architec-ture (SOA)” working across an IP-based network. This “EW Net” is planned to be compatible with Tactical Targeting Network Technology (TTNT), Advanced Network Wideband Waveform (ANW2), Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW), Common Data Link (CDL) and other future wave-forms and networks, and includes net-work capabilities resident in the Radio Battalions, UAV squadrons (VMUs), and spectrum management communities as well as future networks supporting the F-35B. Testbed demonstration projects, like the recently completed Collabora-tive Online Reconnaissance Provider/ Operationally Responsive Attack Link (CORPORAL), are aimed at enabling this access and will be the foundation for the Electronic Warfare Services Archi-tecture (EWSA).
The EWCC will host the Marine Corps’ EW brainpower, “responsible for refining the Electronic Order of Battle (EOB)” and for making available and coordinating both tactical ground and airborne EW assets in real time for the MAGTF com-mander. As described by Lieutenant Col-
onel Cunningham, “Using the EW Net, the EWCC will provide the personnel and subject-level expertise to deliver a truly integrated EW capability at the tactical level. Tactical Commanders will be able to request and receive both kinetic and non-kinetic fires, with the non-kinetic piece controlled by the EWCC.”
IN THE AIR
Historically, Marine Expeditionary Units (MEUs) have not had their own organic, dedicated aviation EW ele-ments, but this is expected to change. The capability will be provided by a combination of manned and unmanned platforms. Though the venerable EA-6B is currently slated for retirement, it is still expected to be a major EW asset for the remainder of the decade. Tran-sition to the ICAP III version of the Prowler will be complete by June 2012, and the Marines plan to receive 32 ICAP III aircraft and maintain the program into 2019. Eventually, many of Prowl-er’s existing missions are expected to be handed off to the F-35B Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), as well as other multi-role manned and unmanned aircraft.
The Intrepid
Tiger II ALQ-231
communications
electronic attack pod
is one example of an
EW capability planned
for integration on
multi-role airframes
including the AV-8B,
F/A-18 and AH-1Z.
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The KC-130J, with its extended loiter time and payload capacity, is another platform under consideration as an air-borne MAGTF EW asset.
The Intrepid Tiger II ALQ-231 com-munications electronic attack pod is one example of an EW capability planned for integration on multi-role airframes including the AV-8B, F/A-18 and AH-1Z. The Intrepid Tiger II pro-gram is itself an example of a novel and streamlined approach to acquisi-tion. Acting as its own prime contrac-tor, each pod is integrated by the USMC itself. At a cost of less than $600,000 per unit, the system makes extensive use of off-the-shelf components, which should provide for relatively easy up-grade and maintainability. In addition to communications intelligence and
jamming functions, the Intrepid Tiger II pod is following an upgrade path that should enable it to perform elec-tronic support as well. Says Lieutenant Colonel Kudelko, “In this time of bud-get uncertainty, one of the things we can offer, particularly with programs like Intrepid Tiger II, is fiscal conser-vatism. It’s a pennies-on-the-dollar solution while providing an increased capability. Though it can really only provide a portion of the EA-6B’s full-spectrum capability, the quantity of systems that we can potentially make available is a big offset.”
According to Kudelko, the Intrepid Tiger II pod is currently three quarters of the way through its test program, which should be completed in the ear-ly part of this year. “Pending the test
report,” he said, “we’ll know the feasi-bility and timing of getting the pod de-ployed in theater, but thus far, the tests have been going well.”
ON THE GROUND
A number of systems, mixing fixed-site, man-portable and vehicle-mounted units, will comprise the ground-based element of the MAGTF EW capability. Based on experience over the past de-cade, remotely controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIEDs) will contin-ue to be a central focus of Marine Corps efforts. Currently, the Marines rely on the Counter RCIED Electronic Warfare (CREW) family of systems. CREW is a high-power, modular, programmable multiband RF jammer that denies se-lected portions of the EM spectrum to an enemy. The latest version, the Thor III man-pack system, built by Sierra Nevada Corp. (Sparks, NV), is expected to be the standard dismounted system in the 2012 timeframe. Each standard Thor III system consists of three, man-pack subsystems each containing ei-ther a low, mid or high-band receiver/
“Historically, Marine Expeditionary Units
(MEUs) have not had their own organic,
dedicated aviation EW elements,
but this is expected to change.”
INFOWARCON
The events surrounding “Arab Spring” awakened Western countries to the plight of
disenfranchised populations in the Arab Region and Northern Africa. Large groups of
disaffected people coalesced their anger to overthrow long-standing governments. These groups
leveraged the information environment to communicate on a world stage while garnering support
within their home nation, across their region, and from the entire world. This same information
environment is available to other groups to advance their goals and objectives.
This conference will explore how individuals and groups use the information environment to
advance extremism within nation states.
Information Operations Europe 2012 ConferenceThe Rise of Extremism and the Role of Information Operations
February 22-23, 2012NATO School, Oberammergau, Germany
Visit www.crows.org for more information and to register.
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transmitter; antenna and remote con-trol unit (RCU). The scanning-receiver-based jammer has multiple jamming signal sources for countering multiple simultaneous threats.
The vehicular version, the CREW Ve-hicle Receiver/Jammer (CVRJ) manufac-tured by ITT Exelis Electronic Systems (Clifton, NJ), will completely replace the “Chameleon” system as the Ma-rines’ vehicle mounted system this year. Further down the road, future Joint CREW (JCREW) capabilities, now in de-velopment, will include mounted, dis-mounted, and fixed site versions that the Marines will field in the 2014-16 timeframe.
The Marines also expect new CREW capabilities to evolve into other EW mis-sion areas in support of force protection, including masking thermal imaging, disrupting enemy position-navigation-and-timing (PNT) and deception of RF fused or guided munitions. CREW capa-bilities are also expected to serve in an electronic support role, feeding sensor information back into the EW battle management network.
Already, a number of new man-pack and vehicle-mounted EA and ES systems are giving Marine Corps’ Radio Battal-ions (RadBns) substantial additional EW punch. RadBn Radio Recon Teams (RRTs) and Marine Corps Special Opera-tions Command (MARSOC) Direct Sup-port Teams (DSTs) are already equipped with the man-pack Radio Reconnais-sance Equipment Program (RREP SS-3) SIGINT/EW system to support Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) commanders, as well as provide indication and warn-ing (I&W) support to other adjacent advance-force units. The RREP SS-3 is the fourth generation of RREP, which is continuously updated to maintain its ability to prosecute low-probability-of-
intercept signals. The system’s current EA capability is provided by the MJ-08 jammer, which is planned for replace-ment by upgraded THOR III systems later this year.
The Marine Corps also depends on several vehicle-mounted EW systems. The newest of these is the AN/ULQ-30 Communication Emitter Sensing and
Attack System (CESAS), which will be followed by the Marine Corps Ground Electronic Attack System (MCGEAS). CESAS is a mobile digital EA system integrated in a Mine Resistant Impact Protected (MRAP) vehicle for detection and denial of threat communications. Employed by small teams of Radio Bat-talion Marines, the system can operate both as a stationary site and on the move. Another EW asset available to the MAGTF commander is the Mobile EW Support System (MEWSS) (B). Mounted in a light armored vehicle (LAV) auto-hull, the MEWSS (B) provides SIGINT, DF, and I&W to operational maneuver units. ES is conducted via the Team Portable Collection System (TPCS),
while the RREP MJ-08 jammer provides an EA capability.
Ground-based EW systems will be net-worked with airborne capabilities and managed via the EWCC. According to the EW CONOPS, the Corps expects UAS will be an important element of these EW ca-pabilities, which together with manned aircraft will “work together with radio battalion ground assets to extend the reach of SIGINT, EW support and EA capabilities.” Currently, unmanned ca-pabilities are provided by the Group 3 Small Tactical Unmanned Aircraft Sys-tems (STUAS) and the AAI (Hunt Valley, MD) RQ-7B “Shadow” platforms.
For example, the Boeing/Insitu (Bin-gen, WA) “Scan Eagle,” STUAS are being used to extend the operational range and capabilities of RadBns, and can be re-tasked via the network in real time. Currently in service with the Marines in Iraq, the ScanEagle carries a nose-mounted camera and can be fitted with a number of other sensor packages in-cluding, EO/IR, Biological and Chemical, Magnetometer, and high-resolution ra-dar for intelligence, surveillance and re-connaissance (ISR) missions. Capable of flight times in excess of 15 hours, it has a 900-MHz UHF datalink and 2.4-GHz S-band downlink for video transmission.
A next-generation STUAS platform is planned for Initial Operating Capabil-ity with the Navy and Marine Corps in the fourth quarter of FY2013. Also from Boeing/Insitu, the “Integrator,” which will have a multiple-payload capability,
The Marines also expect new CREW capabilities to
evolve into other EW mission areas in support of
force protection, including masking
thermal imaging, disrupting enemy
position-navigation-and-timing (PNT)
and deception of RF fused or guided munitions.
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is considerably larger and more powerful than the Scan Eagle, with a maximum speed of 90kt (166km/h).
The Marines are also currently con-sidering investment in a Group 4 UAS. According to Kudelko, “The Marine Corps is still evaluating the full re-quirements for Group IV, so it remains to be seen whether we will go down that road or not. If we decide to, obviously a larger platform will give us the greatest degree of flexibility for mounting mul-tiple payloads, but it’s too soon to tell right now if the Group IV is the Marine Corps requirement.”
TRAINING AND MANPOWER
As the Marine Corps moves forward with its plan for EW battle management, there are still a host of challenges and questions that remain to be answered. One major area is the question of where the EW expertise needed to actually manage and implement the new system capabilities will come from. The CONOPS states that “successful implementation [of the SOS] will require a significant focus on training throughout the EW Enterprise, … and will require person-nel knowledgeable in basic EW funda-mentals at all organizational levels.” It identifies the radio battalions, UAS squadrons and attack squadrons as the building blocks from which existing ca-pabilities can be expanded.
Lieutenant Colonel Kudelko says a manpower study is currently underway to examine this issue and provide an initial assessment as to the number of Marines that will be required to serve in the role of MAGTF EW Coordinator, “but we won’t have much of this struc-ture available until the EA-6B begins to sundown.” The Marines envision a num-ber of the necessary EW experts to come from EA-6B aircrews, at least initially, but with the sundown of the EA-6B trig-gering the possible loss of the 7588 MOS (Electronic Counter Measures Officer) expertise, there will need to be an al-ternative path for RadBn personnel to acquire this training. The Corps is cur-rently assessing multiple “schoolhouses” in the other Services, as well as working to establish its own requirements, “but we haven’t yet defined where we would conduct our training or what the sylla-
bus will look like. We don’t see a formal MOS designation for several years still,” says Kudelko.
Another big question is where EWCC personnel will actually be located, their specific roles and responsibilities, and the command structure in which they will operate. Lieutenant Colonel Cun-ningham says that the Service’s Op-erational Analysis Division has recently presented the results of a year-long study effort looking at just that. “Our next step is to review and evaluate these recommendations, but the leadership decision will still have to be made, be-fore anything is actually implemented.”
Lieutenant Colonel Kudelko adds that “it’s too soon to tell if there will be an EW specialist at the company level. We don’t currently have the manpower
or structure that some of the other Services might have. One proposal is to maintain a central EW command of sorts that would potentially detach to deployed units, similar to the way we support our Forward Air Controller (FAC) responsibilities.”
MARCHING FORWARD
The Marines have outlined a vision for EW that they had already started to build well before they published their recent MAGTF EW CONOPS. It is a document that is cognizant of the lessons learned over the past decade, and at the same time it illustrates a forward-leaning vision for air-land EW. Ultimately, it will provide the MAGTF with a better understanding of how to successfully fight and win in the EM environment. a
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By Kernan Chaisson
b o o krev iew
It was a special evening at The In-ternational Spy Museum in Washing-ton, DC, last year, when Annie Jacobsen released her history of the most famous military installation that has never of-ficially existed. The book release event teamed up with the National Geo-graphic Channel for the world premier screening of its new documentary, Area 51 Declassified. The audience included Area 51 veterans, some of whom pro-vided personal testimonies that helped Jacobsen tell what really went on at the top-secret location in the Nevada desert. Never officially acknowledged to exist and hidden carefully from pry-ing eyes in space, this CIA/DOD test area north of Las Vegas, NV, was home to some of the most advanced and far-reaching airplane developments in his-tory. Area 51 Declassified is the first book based on eyewitnesses to this history. Jacobsen had exclusive, un-precedented access to nearly 70 men who served there or were associated with the Groom Lake, NV, facility for decades.
The film and book recognize those who contributed so much to the Cold War effort, the “quiet warriors” who would have remained unknown had not the book and film been made pos-sible when then Director of the CIA, Leon Panetta, approved a 2007 release of the classified records of the place. Today’s activities at Groom Lake re-main highly classified.
Ms. Jacobsen pulls a lot of informa-tion together, most of it not well known outside the very tight Area 51 CIA and Air Force communities. This book deliv-ers a history of activities and develop-ments up to Panetta’s lifting the veil of secrecy and includes many never-before-seen photos of activities there. It
hints of the hyper-secret program leak-ing proved challenging.
The whole idea of Area 51 has long piqued the public’s curiosity about what went on there. It generated a cottage in-dustry of books, “experts,” “witnesses” and strange but lively festivals along the back access roads to the Nevada Test Site; festivals loaded with strange-looking folk who share increasingly wild, UFO-obsessed theories about aliens, flying saucers and Lord-knows what-all – usu-ally fueled by large amounts of beer. The grizzled crowds and alien-costumed fold provided a bit of comic relief for the hard-working scientists working up-range. Sneaking into the surrounding mountains to sneak a look at the base is a continual annoyance to security forces. It also cre-ates safety issues for those who possessed more misguided curiosity than desert skills. The restricted flight zones proved a bugaboo for careless (or sometimes a little too curious) pilots flying Red Flag mis-sions. “Busting the Box” usually brought a crew’s participation in Red Flag to an abrupt and inglorious end. a
Area 51, ISBN 978-0-316-13294-7, is pub-lished by Little, Brown and Company.
AREA 51: AN UNCENSORED HISTORY OF AMERICA’S TOP SECRET MILITARY BASE
is an excellent counterbalance to the conspiracy-theory and rumor-ridden books about Dreamland that gather dust on bookshelves and sit in desk drawers around the country. Area 51 was on The New York Times best-seller list for 14 straight weeks.
At the book release event, Gene Potete, a pioneer in electronic warfare (EW), made the point that in those days the government em-ployees and contractors worked together in a non-adversarial re-lationship where “getting the job done right” took precedence over prof-it. The U-2 and Oxcart programs were brought in on time or early and within or under budget – and by engineers us-ing slide rules. Describing the ELINT and SIGINT efforts adds to the fascinat-ing tales of how these spy planes came about. All through the development, EW was always playing a role, the book shows. The role in other well-known lis-tening programs will be new informa-tion for many.
One of the most interesting discus-sions was on Area 52, the Tonopah Test Range. One theory is that Area 52 was developed as a decoy for Area 51; but the opposite is closer to the truth. As some of those involved know, the Tonopah lo-cation was picked because it was more convenient and better-suited for get-ting the F-117 battle-ready than busy Area 51. It turned out that Dreamlandwas a convenient distraction, as the F-117 was born at the edge of the Red Flag combat training area. The facility, with its technical and communications enhancements was a very useful loca-tion. Practical road access made it easier to get there. Keeping highly classified Nighthawk operations and very public Red Flag missions sorted out with no
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indicates its phase. The arrow rotates counter clockwise 360 degrees during each RF cycle of the transmitted signal. In this case, the phases shown are relative to a reference signal.
E W 1 0 1
Spectrum Warfare – Part 9
Digital Communication
Adigital waveform cannot be directly trans-mitted; it must be modulated onto an RF carrier using one of several modulations. Some of the modulations carry one bit per transmitted baud, and some carry mul-tiple bits per baud. The choice of modula-
tion impacts the amount of bandwidth required to carry a given number of bits per second of information, and the percentage of bit errors that will be caused by the signal-to-noise ratio in the transmitting link. This discussion will be covered in two parts (this month and next).
Figure 1 shows three of the waveforms that carry one bit per baud. These are pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), frequency shift keying (FSK) and on/off keying (OOK). PAM generates one modulating amplitude for a 1 and another for a 0. FSK carries a 1 at one frequency and a 0 at another frequency. OOK is shown with a signal present for a digital 1 and no signal for a 0; these can be reversed. Generally, the bandwidth required to send one of these codes is 0.88 x the bit rate. This is the width of the frequency spectrum of the modu-lated signal 3 dB down from the peak of the curve shown in Figure 5 of the September 2011 “EW 101” column.
Figure 2 shows two waveforms that carry digital information by phase mod-ulating a carrier. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) is shown with a zero phase shift when a 1 is carried and a 180-degree phase shift when a 0 is car-ried. These can be reversed. Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) has four de-fined phases, 90 degrees apart. Each of these phase conditions defines two bits of information. As shown in the figure, a 0-degree phase shift indicates a “zero, zero” digital signal, 90 degrees indicates a “zero, one” signal, and so on. Obvi-ously, any two binary values can be as-signed to any of the four phase states. Also shown in this figure are “signal vector diagrams” for each of these mod-ulations. In a signal vector diagram, the length of the arrow indicates the signal amplitude, and the angle of the arrow
By Dave Adamy
ONE ZERO ONE
PAM
FSK
OOK
ONE ZERO ONE
ONE ZERO ONE
Figure 1: Digital information can be carried by a number of modulations, including pulse-amplitude modulation, frequency-shift keying and on/off keying. Each has a unique modulation condition for a 1 and another for a 0.
continued
ONE ZERO ONE
ONE ZERO
ONE
ONE ZERO
ONE ZERO ZERO
Phase
10
Phase
00
01
10
11
BPSKOne bit
per baud
QPSKTwo bits
per baud
90º
180º
270º
0º
0º180º
Figure 2: Two common digital modulations carry information in the phase of the transmitted signal. Binary phase shift keying has two phase positions and one bit per transmitted baud. Quadrature phase shift keying has four phase positions and two bits per transmitted baud.
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E W 1 0 1
Figure 3 shows the signal with noise. The noise vector will have some statistically defined amplitude and phase pattern. The received signal is the vector sum of the transmitted signal vector and the noise vector.
Figure 4 shows the decision process in the receiver when a signal with noise is received. The abscissa of this diagram is the modulation dimension. The ordinate is the probability that the received signal (with noise) will be at each modulation value. The modulation dimension is frequency in FSK modulation, amplitude in PAM modulation and phase in PSK modulation. If the noise is Gaussian, the modulation value of the received signal (for example a “zero”) will have the probability distribution of the Gaussian curve centered on the value trans-mitted for a zero. Likewise for a transmitted “one”, the probability that the received fre-quency will have any modulation level is de-fined by the Gaussian curve centered on the one value. There is a threshold value that de-termines whether a 0 or 1 is received. If the received signal is to the left of the threshold, a 0 is output. If it is to the right, a 1 is out-
put. The shaded area under both Gaussian curves repre-sents the incorrectly received bits. The greater the predetec-tion signal-to-noise ratio, the narrower this Gaussian curve will be. The bit error rate is the number of incorrectly re-ceived bits divided by the to-tal number of received bits. It is inversely proportional to the predetection signal-to-noise ratio. Consider that the bit er-ror area under the two curves is smaller if the predetection signal-to-noise ratio is greater,
because the Gaussian curves are tightened around the noise free one and zero values.
A graph of bit error rate vs. Eb/N0 is shown in Figure 5. Note
that Eb/N0 is the predetection signal-to-noise ratio adjusted for the bit rate (in bits per second) to bandwidth (in Hz) ratio. This graph will have a different curve for each type of modulation. The more coherent the wave-form, the farther to the left the curve moves. For this modulation, an Eb/N0 value of 11 dB will produce a bit error rate of 10-3 (i.e., one of each thousand received bits will be incorrect).
WHAT’S NEXTNext month, we will discuss more complex digi-
tal waveforms that allow reduction of the required transmission bandwidth. For your comments and suggestions, Dave Adamy can be reached at [email protected]. aFigure 4: The receiver has a threshold in the modulation dimension (amplitude,
frequency or phase) that determines whether a received signal with noise is to be declared a “one” or a “zero.”
10 -2
10 -3
10 -4
10 -5
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Eb / N 0 (dB)
Bit
Err
or
Rat
e
Figure 5: The bit error rate in a received signal is an inverse function of Eb /N0.
Phase
Noise
Phase
Noise
vector
Figure 3: The received signal + noise has the noise vector statistically distributed at the end of the signal vector. The received signal is the vector sum of the transmitted signal vector and the noise vector.
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AOCMembership_HALFPG_EditorialAd.indd 1 1/4/11 1:42:42 PM
THE FUTURE OF RPA’S AND THE EMS IS NOWThe press reports about what brought down a US RQ-170
remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) in Iran last month have cer-tainly been rife with speculation. Regardless of the specific events that preceded the drone coming down inside Iran, which are known to only a few (if any) individuals, what is perhaps more significant is what we know for sure: the Ira-nian government claimed that its Army’s electronic warfare unit took control of the drone and landed it with little dam-age. Whether it is true or not, Iran’s decision to spotlight its electronic warfare and Cyber capabilities is perhaps the most significant aspect of this event. Iran is placing the impor-tance of EMS warfare, EW, and Cyber warfare squarely in the spotlight of the international stage.
Simultaneously as these events unfolded, the AOC was holding the “Vital UAS/RPA Requirements for Battlespace Control” working group event at Nellis AFB, NV. A mere 48 miles up the road is Creech AFB, the “cockpit” for the RPA
missions. The working group addressed the importance of effective use of EW payloads on unmanned aircraft, current payload and operational shortfalls, and the way ahead - fol-lowing these objectives:1. Identify capability gaps and help develop COAs to address
them.2. Identify short-term and long-term program requirements.3. Evaluate short and long-term programs with key military,
OSD, DHS, and other government leaders as well as indus-try experts.Leading minds in the EW community will meet again in
November, 2012 to continue the discussion pertaining to EW and RPA’s. The AOC’s RPAs EW & ISR Operations Confer-ence will be held at the US Navy’ Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) in San Diego, CA, and will take the discussions from the Nellis working group to the next level of implementation. a
Views from the AOC 48th Annual Int
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SUSTAININGAgilent TechnologiesApplied Research Associates Inc.Argon STBAE SYSTEMSThe Boeing CompanyChemring Group Plc DRS Defense SolutionsElectronic Warfare Associates, Inc.Elettronica, SpAGeneral DynamicsITT ExelisNorthrop Grumman CorporationRaytheon CompanyRockwell CollinsSaabTASCThales CommunicationsThales Aerospace Division
INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITYGeorgia Tech Research InstituteMercer Engineering
Research CenterMIT Lincoln LaboratoryNational EW Research and Simulation
Center
GROUP453 EWS/EDW Research AAI CorporationActive Spectrum Inc.Advanced ConceptsAdvanced Testing TechnologiesAeronixAethercomm, Inc.Air Scan Inc. Akon, Inc.Alion Science and TechnologyAlpha Design Technologies Pvt. Ltd.American SystemsAMPEX Data SystemsAmplifier Technology LimitedAnaren Microwave, Inc.Anatech Electronics Annapolis Micro
Systems, Inc.Anritsu Applied Geo TechnologiesApplied Signal TechnologyARIEL Group, Inc.ARINC, Inc.Aselsan A.S.ATDIATK Missile Systems CompanyAtkinson Aeronautics & Technology,
Inc.Avalon Electronics, Inc.Azure Summit Technologies, Inc.B&Z Technologies, LLCBattlespace Simulations, Inc.Bharat Electronics Ltd.Blackhawk Management CorporationBlue Ridge Envisioneering, Inc.Booz & Allen Hamilton
CACI International CAECAP Wireless, Inc.Ceralta Technologies Inc.Clausewitz TechnologyClearanceJobs.comCobham DES M/A-ComColorado Engineering Inc.Communications Audit UK Ltd.Comtech PSTConcord Components Inc.CPICrane Aerospace & Electronics GroupCSIRCSP AssociatesCubic DefenseCurtiss-Wright Controls Embedded
ComputingCyberVillage
Networkers Inc.DARE Electronics Inc.Dayton-Granger, Inc.dB ControlDefence R&D CanadaDefense Research
Associates Inc.Delta MicrowaveDHPC Technologies, Inc.Dynetics, Inc.EADS Deutschland GmbH, Defense
ElectronicsEADS North AmericaElcom Technologies, Inc.Electro-MetricsElisra Electronic
Systems, LtdELTA Systems LtdEM Research Inc.Empower RF SystemsEMS Technologies Inc.Eonic B.V.ESL Defence LimitedESROE LimitedEsterline Defense GroupET IndustriesETM Electromatic Inc.e2v Aerospace and Defense, Inc.EW Simulation
Technology LtdEWA-Australia Pty Ltd.GBL SystemsGigatronics Inc.Hittite MicrowaveHoneywell InternationalHuber + SuhnerHutchins & Associates, Inc.Impact Science & TechnologyInnovationszentrum Fur
Telekommunikation-stechnik GmbH (IZT)
Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLCITCN, Inc.iVeia, LLCJabil CircuitJB Management, Inc.
JP Morgan ChaseJT3, LLCKeragis CorporationKRYTAR, Inc.KMIC TechnologyKOR Electronics, Inc.L-3 CommunicationsL-3 Communications-Applied Signal &
Image TechnologyL-3 Communications Cincinnati
ElectronicsL-3 Communications/ Randtron
Antenna SystemsLNX CorporationLockheed MartinLockheed Martin Aculight CorporationLogos MicrowaveLongmont MachiningLorch MicrowaveLS telcom AGMacAulay-BrownMANTECH Security TechnologiesMass Consultants MC Countermeasures, Inc.MegaPhaseMercury Computer SystemsMicro-Coax, Inc.Microsemi CorporationMicro Systems MiKES Microwave Electronic Systems
Inc.Miles Industrial Electronics Ltd.Milso ABMITEQ, Inc.The MITRE CorporationMRSLMulticonsult SrlMy-konsultNew World Solutions, Inc.Nova DefenceNurad Technologies, IncOphir RF Inc.Optocon USA, Division of ImpulseOrion International TechnologiesOverlook Systems TechnologyOverwatch Systems Ltd.Parker Aerospace (SprayCool)PeralexPhoenix International Systems, Inc.Plath, GmbHProtium Technologies, Inc.QUALCOMMQueued Solutions, L.L.C.Rafael-Electronic
Systems Div.Research Associates
of Syracuse, Inc.RF Simulation Systems Inc.Rheinmetall Air Defence AGRising Edge TechnologiesRohde & Schwarz
GmbH & Co. KGRUAG HoldingScience Applications International
Corporation
Scientific Research CorporationSELEX Galileo Inc. The Shephard GroupSiemens IT Solutions and ServicesSierra Nevada CorporationSivers IMA ABSoneticom, Inc.SOS InternationalSOURIAU PA&ESouthern Marketing
Associates, Inc. SpecPro-Inc.Spectranetix, Inc.Spectrum Signal Processing
by VecimaSRC, Inc. SRCTec, Inc.SRI InternationalStrategic Influence Alternatives, Inc.SubsidiumSunshine Aero IndustriesSURVICE Engineering Co.Symetrics Industries, LLCSypris Data SystemsSystematic Software Engineering Systems & Processes Engineering Corp. SystemWare Inc.Tactical Technologies Inc.Tadiran Electronic
Systems Ltd.TASCTCI InternationalTech Resources, Inc.Technical Information
Products & Services LLC (TIPS)Technology Management ConsultantsTECOM IndustriesTEK Microsystems, Inc.Tektronix, Inc.Tektronix Component SolutionsTeledyne TechnologiesTeleplan AS TeligyTERASYS Technologies, LLCTERMA A/SThales Components Corp.Thales Homeland SecurityTimes Microwave SystemsTINEX AS TMD Technologies TRAK MicrowaveTriaSys Technologies Corp.Tri Star EngineeringTRU CorporationUltra Electronics Avalon SystemsUltra Electronics TelemusVigilanceVMR Electronics LLCWavepoint Research, Inc.Werlatone Inc.Wideband Systems, Inc.X-Com SystemsZETA AssociatesZodiac Data Systems
AOC Industry and Institute/University Members
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JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense (ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
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BAE Systems ...................................................www.baesystems.com ........................ inside front cover
Comtech PST Corp. .........................................www.comtechpst.com .................................................8
Empower RF Systems, Inc. .............................www.empowerrf.com .......................... inside back cover
EW Simulation Technology Ltd. .....................www.ewst.co.uk .........................................................5
Giga-tronics Incorporated .............................www.gigatronics.com .................................................9
Grintek Ewation .............................................www.gew.co.za ........................................................ 15
KOR Electronics ..............................................www.korelectronics.com .............................................3
Mercury Computer Systems, Inc. ...................www.mc.com ...................................................... 17, 27
MITEQ Inc. ......................................................www.miteq.com .........................................................7
Rohde & Schwarz ............................................www.rohde-schwarz.com .................. outside back cover
URS Corp ........................................................www.urscorp.com ..................................................... 16
X-Com Systems ...............................................www.xcomsystems.com ............................................ 10
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J E Dquick look
Details Page # Details Page #
With more than 50 years of electronic warfare experience, BAE SYSTEMS is pleased to sponsor the JED Quick Look.
AAI Corp., Baringa contract for HH-60U helicopters ............................ 18
AAI Corp., Universal Test Set contract ............................................... 18
AAR-47, hostile fire indication (HFI) upgrade ..................................... 28
AAR-57 CMWS, FY2012 funding ......................................................... 20
ADM John Greenert, USN ....................................................................12
Air Commodore Ken McCann, RAF .......................................................16
Airborne SIGINT Payload 2C .............................................................. 20
ALQ-231 Intrepid Tiger 2 ....................................................................35
Area 51, book review ........................................................................ 38
ATK, AAR-47 .................................................................................... 28
ATK, AAR-47 smart dispense testing .................................................. 18
ATK, AARGM Block 1 upgrade .............................................................17
ATK, JATAS development ...................................................................27
BAE Systems ATIRCM .........................................................................26
BAE Systems, AAR-57 ....................................................................... 28
BAE Systems, ALQ-144 .......................................................................26
BAE Systems, JetEye DIRCM .............................................................. 30
Cassidian, AAR-60 ............................................................................ 22
CIRCM, US Army ................................................................................27
Commercial aircraft IRCM .................................................................. 30
Compass Call .................................................................................... 20
DoN LAIRCM, USN and USMC ...............................................................26
EA-18G ............................................................................................ 20
Elettronica, Virgilius ESM system ...................................................... 22
EMARSS ........................................................................................... 20
EW 101, Digital Communication ..........................................................39
Fleet EW Support Group, US Navy ...................................................... 20
FY2012 Defense Appropriations Bill ................................................... 20
IDECM Block IV ................................................................................. 20
Intrepid Tiger, FY2012 funding reduction........................................... 20
Iraqi Air Force, F-16 EW .................................................................... 22
Italian Air Force AW101 CSAR helicopters, EW suite ............................ 22
ITT Exelis, ALQ-211 .......................................................................... 22
ITT Exelis, CVRJ ............................................................................... 36
Joint Aircraft Survivability Program Office (JASPO) ............................24
Joint Operational Access Concept, Joint Chiefs of Staff ........................15
Joint Threat Emitter Increment 2 ...................................................... 20
KOR Electronics, acquired by Mercury Computer Systems ......................17
L-3 Communications Flight International, threat simulation contract ..................................................................... 18
LAIRCM, C-130 FY2012 funding reduction ........................................... 20
Libya, MANPADS recovery program .................................................... 22
Lockheed Martin MS2, BLQ-10(V) engineering support contract ........... 18
Lockheed Martin, Senior Scout SIGINT payload ....................................17
LtCol Robert Kudelko, USMC .............................................................. 34
LtCol Shawn Cunningham, USMC ........................................................33
LTG Michael Oates, USA (Ret.) ............................................................16
MAGTF EW CONOPS, USMC ...................................................................33
Maj Gen Jay Santee, USAF ..................................................................16
MALD-J Increment 2 ......................................................................... 20
Mercury Computer Systems, acquiring KOR Electronics .........................17
Micronetics, Inc., contract for EW subsystems .................................... 18
Next Gen Bomber, USAF .................................................................... 20
Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems, CEESIM deliveries to Aselsan ..... 22
Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems, CEESIM for E-3 aircraft testing ...17
Northrop Grumman, AAQ-24(V) LAIRCM ..............................................24
Northrop Grumman, ASIP upgrade ......................................................17
Northrop Grumman, Guardian DIRCM ................................................. 30
Northrop Grumman, NexGen MWS ...................................................... 28
Northrop Grumman, QRC support contract .......................................... 18
NVESD, ground penetrating radar RFI ................................................ 18
Pakistani Army, COMINT training ...................................................... 22
Paragon Dynamics, acquired by Mercury Computer Systems ..................17
Paragon SIGINT upgrades .................................................................. 20
Radiated Energy Tracking Subsystem (RETS), NAVSEA RFI ................... 18
Radio Reconnaissance Equipment Program (RREP), USMC .................... 36
Raytheon, ACES ............................................................................... 22
Sierra Nevada Corp., Thor III man-pack CREW system ...........................35
SLQ-32, Block 1B3 ............................................................................. 20
SOCOM EW Requirements ................................................................... 20
SPAWAR, Man-pack COMINT ................................................................14
SRC, EWIR contract ........................................................................... 18
Team Portable Collection System, USMC ............................................. 36
Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, contract for aircrew laser eye protection.................................................... 18
Thales, ELISA Satellite ELINT payloads ............................................... 22
Traveler Pod, US Army .......................................................................14
ULQ-30 CESAS, USMC ........................................................................ 36
US combat helicopter losses, OEF/OIF ..................................................24
US IRCM Market Forecast ...................................................................24
557219_BAE.indd 1 10/18/11 3:36:32 PM
MODULES SKU Start (MHz)
Stop(MHz)
Pout(Wa )
Size(Inch)
Gain(dB)
1104 100 500 200 9.0x8.0x1.5 52
1094 20 520 100 6.4x3.4x1.1 50
1133 20 1000 25 6.0x3.0x1.1 44
1100 20 1000 80 6.4x3.4x1.1 49
1109 20 2500 15 8.5x6.75x1.25 40
1117 500 2500 25 6.0x3.0x1.0 44
1119 500 2500 50 7.4x3.6x1.1 46
1189 500 2500 100 7.4x3.6x1.1 50
1132 960 3000 160 12x10x1.1 54
1146 1000 3000 100 6.9x4.5x1.2 11
1178 2000 6000 35 6.9x3.6x1.1 55
1131 2500 6000 35 6.9x3.6x1.1 48
SYSTEMS SKU Start (MHz)
Stop(MHz)
Pout(Wa ) Size Gain
(dB)
4049 20 500 100 R3U 50
2034 20 500 300 R3U 54
2101 20 500 500 R5U 56
2126 20 500 1000 R5U+R5U 60
2108 20 1000 330 R3U 54
2066 500 1000 1000 R5U+R5U 60
2148 500 2500 100 R3U 50
2151 500 2500 200 R5U 52
2142 1000 2500 500 R5U+R3U 56
2154 20 3000 250 R5U+R3U+R3U 54
2143 3000 6000 50 R3U 47
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542895_Empower.indd 1 7/26/11 2:39:39 PM
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562741_Rohde.indd 1 11/23/11 3:47:18 PM
