URBAN WASTELAND - DORMANT LAND - CORE

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME

CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

2006-2007 DESIGN REPORT

URBAN WASTELAND - DORMANT LAND: SPACE OF ART (FLEXIBLE SPACE)

TO Mei Ki May 2007

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Table of Content: I. Introduction- Definition of Wastelands and Dormant land.

-History of Urban of Wasteland and Dormant Land.

Research- Urban Wastelands

i. Typology Definition: Type 1- Triangle land

Type 2- Land under Flyover

Type 3- Land at roundabouts

Type 4- Land between street and street/rooad

ii. Case Study: Type 1 to Type 4

iii. Pedestrians's Perspective in Hong Kong Case Study II: Solution of Urban Wasteland and dormant land in Hong Kong.

P.1

p.2-3

p.4- 5

p.6-7

p.8-9

p.10-14

p.15- 23

P.24- 29

iv. Solution of Urban Wasteland and dormant land in different countries p.30- 37

I", Main Research- Overall view in Yau Ma Tei

i. Yau Ma Tei Case Study

ii. Summary of Urban Wasteland in Hong Kong

iii. Site Analysis in Sai Wan Ho

iv. Issues

V. Design Idea

Design

i. Plan

ii. Section

iii. Design Feature

iv. Study Model

V. Final Model

p.38- 49

P.50- 52

p.53- 56

P.57- 58

p.59-61

p.62-64

P.65- 66

p. 67- 75

p. 76

p. 77- 81

tntroductson: l^ong Kong is a high-dense city, according the government statistics the land area has 1,099 square Kilometres of which about 17 per cent is built-up. Hong Kong has a population of more than six mil-丨丨on and average of 30 square meter of land per person. gince 1960's the flyovers construction ear began to exact its change on the urban fabric in Hong •^ong，a new kind of site emerged. Flyovers and multi-lane streets were imposed into the existing city grid structures in order to provide a faster linkage from one place to another. According to sta-jjstics from Highways Department in 2006, there are a total of 1154 flyovers, 700 footbridges and J fjlO subway underpasses in Hong Kong. However, there are about 275 licensed vehicles for every kilometre of road, and the topography makes it increasingly difficult to provide additional road capaci-ty in the heavily built-up areas. Flyovers and spread of roads often result an uncompromising impact upon the living environment. Urban land tends to be undesirable due to the flyovers and multi-land streets run through the district referred in this paper as "Urban Wasteland- Dormant Land". Some pulti-land streets which built on districts resulting in the diagonal bisection of traditional city blocks, borne district underneath the flyovers causing poor physiological conditions, such as garbage, stor-

carpark and habitants area of the homeless people. In present day Hong Kong we can hardly any Wasteland with empty lots. Land is expensive in the city and it cannot stay undeveloped,

he concept of Wasteland still continues to exist in Hong Kong. It is a numerous disasters which need a better idea to managing the problems of wasteland for future development.

D e f i n i t i o n o f W a s t e l a n d s and D o r i n a i i t f a o d :

Dormant land was described as land undamaged or only slightly damaged, which could be make useable without great works or reclamation and included demolished buildings, bomb sites, aban-

cned allotments and unused bits of land left over after development. Some of this land is vacant, ⑴e is in temporary use, for example, as car parking or storage.“‘

Wasteland is considered to be a wasted piece of land or a destroyed area in the midst of urban built j P f ^ a s and dormant land is considered to be a undamaged of land that is vacant or temporary use = t h e cities. Those leftover sites have generally produced low density use sites in Hong Kong. Usu-

二 urban wasteland and dormant land only serve as redundant, temporary car parking or storage, j " most of it seems to have potential for other use. In the 20's century wasteland can be regarded

ine with a number of other negative motifs, such as garbage, storage, disease, insects, etc.

r i i e s i s S t a t e m e n t :

JjJ?^" Wasteland and dormant land have now become a characteristic of Hong Kong. This thesis to b w that despite their inherent drawbacks urban 'dormant' land or wastelands can be developed lancT a Projects that restore community life to idle spaces. The characteristic of waste-and 广 e triangular shape, isolation from surrounding urban development, motor way intersections

bypasses, noise from traffic and industrial processes. In inner Hong Kong, the areas along flyo-denS'.f arks，waterfront and carparks that often has a wasteland character. This paper considers high how as the necessary criteria for sustainability. Therefore, the first approach includes explore to f in^^^teland can deal with the areas and buildings surround by flyover/ multi-land street, so that relat ew relationship between the urban environment and flyovers/ multi-land street. In this

lonship, topographies, edge condition, liveless and other factors that can also determine the new meaning of urban wasteland.

Moss, Graham. Britain's Wasting Acres, London. The Architectural Press, 1981, p. 56 •

I,一 kUAWL nmi and WAL«r :KCI,*7, iitrinmiCiiUi !SU44C、la I' tcff HC Ji2,uvV ut nwnum.. TILC vn»nc iKficnMrM^ "R." fi-fiHtlHi! ^liv-ot.ip. tttriuEllilnff.日tfi^k "A•‘ &ccui>i<x A »it« >t ui lifiWM tcAi tiit^ ptt a tHAVO Ln r^tius Thn vKcinc l U i - ' eKMn-£lN iu- JE.TOD tuuli aii'XBAHjrib Jiuiblnt：. i i T.vivint fnr s.DYarj.1 yLiftra, VOTE PROGRESSIVE Rate Lamd Values and Preven t Unemp loymen t ,

The Civic Trust, Urban Wasteland, 1977, p.6

History of Urban of Wasteland and Oormaot Land: In ancient art, a visual image of the town appears as a pictogram. The town as a part of scenery does not contrast the town (building & infrastructure) and nature (mountains, valleys, deserts & canyons). As the post-war period, it withdrawn from the surban of a natural landscape. According to the Civic trust in 1977 it state that Britain's urban dormant land or wasteland was at least a quarter of a million acres lying through-， t h e cities, towns and villages. By 1980，s urban wasteland had become a political issues. People aimed to rise the land values in order to prevent unemployment. "Land in being taken from farming at the rate equivalent to the loss of the whole of Bedfordshire every four years, and thousands of buildings- many of them with a useful life left- continue to be demolished yearly to give space for new development. At the

time, this Report estimates that at least a quarter of million acres in Britain lie dormant. Moreover, in 20's century urban landscape bring some new features into the visual presentation of the to^n, an urban pictogram is being replaced by a city implying a negative spatiality. An image of the city 广h i ch both contain destroyed areas. An urban dormant land or wasteland in an urban landscape is highly typica.l for the 20 century, and it reflects some significant features of Hong Kong. It simultaneously refers to negative outcome of infrastructure, as well as the negative impact of civilization urban development. m.

Urban Dormant Land and Wasteland TABLE 12 S U M M A R Y OF BRITAIN 'S W A S T E L A N D OR POTENTIAL WASTEL—.-、、:

Category Definition Source

Farmland Official annual loss to urban use

(annual average based on six-year

period 1970-1975)

Farmland released to urban industrial

and recreational dcvclopracnl

(England, Wales and Scotland)

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries &

Food (England & Wales), 1978

Department of Agricuhure (Scotland'.

OfTicial annual loss to other non-

urban uses (annual average based oi

sw-ycar period 1970-1975)

Farmland released to forestry, open

spacc, military activities, leisure and

rccreation, reservoirs, ctc. (England,

Wales and Scotland) 1978

Total annual loss of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses in England, Wales and Scotland

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries &

Food (England & Wales), 1978

Department of Agriculture (Scotland

Mineral wasteland

Official derelict and despoiled land Official definition includes operational

land and abandoned spoil heaps,

excavations and other land associated

with these types of activity and including

land so damaged by industrial or other

development that it is Incapable of bene-

ficial use without treatment (England,

Wales and Scotland)

Unofficial estimate

Urban wasteland Unofficial (

Unofficial <

Gcncrul buffer land Unofficial es t imate

Unofficial I

Local authorities and other experts con-

sider that the official definition is not

comprehensive and is an underestimate

of the true amount.

Mineral land holding planning per-

missions or existing use rights is also at

risk and considered potentially despoiled

or dcrclict land (England, Wales and

Scotland)

Progress in Pollution Control, Polluti:

Paper No. 16, ‘The U K Environir.cr.:

HMSO , 1979

Department of the Environnien:

The Welsh Officc

The Scottish Officc

Survey in 1979 of county，regional i

district authorities by author and ot:

independent specialists indicated :ha

dcrclict and despoiled and potcntiall;

derclict and despoiled land could be

more than twice the official

Civic Xrust dwilnitio*". c:' lir.二 •二:

vacant or in us; -at-.v.；

be brought into permanent us-e '.n:

major works of reclamation

Wnsitcland and scrub found in the

Sccond Land Utilisfltion Survey's

definition of rurbaii land

Second Land Utilisation Survey

England and Wales 1963 cxz:udi::z

Scotland)

Forecast for 1977 (excluding Scoz'.izz

Land in Hngland and Wales that ；

underused or has ceased i

any specific purpose. Much of thi

identified includes land uses covcred

by the author's figure below

Land in Hngland, Wales

either underused, vacant

blighted because of aircr^

noise and fumes or toxic

industry; dercHc: lar.i ar.

generally around incu?::：

r.d Sco:la:id

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‘as::

Clifford Tandy in a paper

I Countryside ir. t h ; fercnce in 1965, cnritlei ''

in Conscrvaiior.'

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SS斷eSJ®丨""知胁I I 、？巧恥 • ； - T FARMSCAPE-i

V RURBAN FRINGE .chaotic mixture of rural and i land uses in mutual conflict

The unofficial S econd Land Utilisation Survey has for manyyears used a land classification system and survey technique that has led to a better understanding and possible use of land in Britain. Land w divided into the five categories shown on the diagram: townscape, farmcape, wildscape, urban fringe and marginal fringe. If adopted officially on a national and local basis, this type of land classification system would allow the pattern of changing land uses to be reviewed. Planning would be able to encourage the increase o/scape areas and the decrease 0/fringe areas, while at the same “咖,providing early warnings of rapid land-use changes and areas increasingly at risk from misuse or dereliction. (Drawing: Graham Moss Associates after Alice Coleman)

loci.

^'Vpology Oefirsitiori: Type 1- Triangle land Definition: The triangles of land formed by the segregation of multi-land streets or flyovers, which often resulting in the diagonal bisection of traditional city block.

F u n c t i o n : Temporary carpark

Site Condition: This type of land usually found the edge in urban city. The sites has a surprisingly

high densities and high relative mixed use ratio, with apartments, business and park, however there are fewer than a dozen residents will go to the sites. The population in this area approaches lower densities.

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Type 1- Triangle land


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apology Defiiirooii: Type 2- Land under Flyover D e f i n i t i o n ： L a n d under the flyover formed by the earliest year of flyovers along the waterfront, to later the reclamation that carried out along the developed area from the old districts fabric. As the result, contrasting programme of land underneath the flyover and also causing poor physiological conditions, such as garbage, storage, carpark and habitants area of the homeless people.

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Typology Definition: Type 2- Land under Flyover Site Condition: Land under flyovers is very common in Hong Kong. The sites has low densities and usually eas, and those areas mostly can not form the transitional zone between the two areas. 3- North Point- Island Eastern Corridor

underneath the flyovers can create segration between the two

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typology Definition: Type 3- Land at roundabouts

Definition: Land at roundabouts is an unfit places for cities. The transport infrastructures are designed to fit narrow technical constraints, without allowing for the intensity of the time that users spend in it, however, the designers of transport find it hard to articulate the human activities and spaces dedicated to the improvement of the society. Yet is it possible to de-si^ning the roundabouts, carparks, stations, roads and streets that are functional, economical, attractive, comfortable and safe. In fact, there are certain localities have already succeed-ed in bringing those transport infrastructures into a useful features of the modern city. Today, architecture in Hong Kong faces new challenges of increasingly mobility, therefore it is very important to highlight the issues of wasteland due to the transport infrastructures and the potential solutions by presenting projects for building and infrastructure in this thesis.

Choi Hung- Kwung long Bybass

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typology i3efiriitioii: Type 4- Land between street and street

Definit ion: Land between street and street/road. In Hong Kong government tended to divide lots in many subdivisions zoning for development. Government usually misleading the use of those wasteland around the metropolitan region. However, These wasteland areas usually were lack the public space, transit, pedestrian amenities, and overall density is less than the traditional downtown area. The average size of those wasteland is very big compare the size of the near building. Wasteland had be-eome increasingly uncared for and uneconomic use, most of these wasteland were keep abandon for least 5 years.

9. North Point- Is land Eas te rn Cor r idor

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Type 4- Land between street and street 12. Lai Chi Kok- W e s t Kow loon H ighway

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Urban Dormant Land and Wasteland

L'fltegofiBsTriangle land ,d.

Conriaouoii: Pedc5:rijin end skte w»!i<5 cxxnncct ！ilc on ground and vcWolcs nDCciisiblo.

Distiot: Higi denaiiy resldemlal clatict.

Site The ct-araclonslic of ihis unlonjod land indud-Ccridilion; Ina vcblcuUif t'iol$c and m](ff&\a tor hi jhway

placement.

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CategorieaiTriangle land J.

Connaciion： Podcsfiflfln sttd scte vvaiks oomocl ire sile on ground and veMclea. accessible.

trict: HIgi donalty roaid^ntiEil ciMbt.

Silo l lndn*j?i;infiino Iho rnlnli(Yi5;hip nf rjonplu la Innri

CondRlon; can bring well lempered envlronmertis to diy, Urtan VEwem land Is a problenr. It is a oonae-que门OA of natural changs in population Iav9l&

and induslnsl noods. In gonoral planning in

Honjj Kong ne<sJs to live greoier aviidance and more postlw deredlon in l lopm^nl end invdatincTit in ！arx.

Fundi oil： Tetfnpory carcark

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Case Study i: Type 1- Triangle land 2. Tsuen Wan- Tsuen Wan Road

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, Type 2- Land under Flyover & ^ g n n e c t i a n from the Carpark ^ ^

3. North Point- Island Eastern Corri-

Vehicular Access to Waterfront

Public Waterfront Access

Private Watei-ffont Access

枝：翻 Vehicu ar Irvgress / Egress open spBce

Pedes t r ian AOCE

Construction

Peking along Waterfront Construction Site near Waterfront

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Cstogorios: Land under Flyover

Ccnnacton: Pede&lrlBn connect the slt» cn

g w i d and vohidos acccssiWo.

bict: High dcnslly nnildcintUal fi-cdmrrjar-

cM dlflttct.

Firctiofft Tflmporay Carpa-k & Storflge

，e<»ss to Waterfront - Blocked by Vehicles & Stuff

Case Study I: Type 2- Land under Flyover 4. Lai King- Tsing Kwai Highway


CHltyuiius. Land under Flyover

Connection: Ons bridge to get across Ihc carpjrk and to sntranofi (or v«hl»dfiR nocftss la 1he Bites.

District: _ow density logstbs dislict

c to Mo potest* ooniect the sile on ground floor, Condition: onty oie bridge can get bctobs Kwai Chung

3oad an: MTFt statm.

Function- Tcmparory Cnrpark

Pubic Access

Vehicular Iraress / Eoress

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Pecestrian Access

s 18

Type 2- Land under Flyover 5. Kwai Chung- West Kowloon Highway

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UiBtnct: Ljov; dQns ity Icgistics district

No podcnlrir.n nnd side wnlkn, Q Inncs Kwni

Condition; Chung Roiid creals ssgre^aalioti btjliween rasl-

denial a n j IciglsllcR district.

Function: Tsmporary CarparH

Pubic Access

] V e h i c u l a r I rwress ！ Earess

fjpfin Rjwinft

Peceslrian Access

Case Study 1: Type 3- Land at roundabouts 7. Sai Ying Pun- Connaught Road


CategoriSB： Land at roundabouts

Ccnnscton: Vohiclcs not occessiftle District: High density eommefci右丨 end realdanlial dl&lrlct

•Site I n their flffio^nrtly uswl nf tN* fite . tfiem is no pgdfleinan and s^d WRiks Ccn<i?.ion: thaL ccnnccl Connaun ". Road WmI TTho ovorhsadl bridco is Iho only wsy

to ge: across ir>c Oonn&uQht Roed, Punctc ： Wsatsiaid

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Pecestrian Access

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Type 3- Land at roundabouts 8. Causeway Bay- Gloucester Road

Vehicular Irvnress / Earess

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OttogomB： rrn5 tmunclabouts

CrnnRctbn-1 bridpe to get across the par< and ve卜icJe& not accessible

District: High density comine_ and residential disirlci

Site nc pedestrian and Bide wa kB connect to tho Ccricifcion: silo on rouid flew, isoulion 'mm sjrr<wrdirg

ura in dewopTicnl; and vchiajln" naiw Mjr-rojrttlin^ Uvi eta wiLhOit eiDund tarrict:. Thd P rk jnd&rne^h ihG hi hv ays h \ri conplete darkness, thera am cnfy fewer than visitors wil 口o 1:3 Ihe sark.

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Case S t u d y 1: Type 4- Land between street and street North Point- Island Eastern Corridor

Direct Access to the Waterfront

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V

Promenade - public Access along the waterfront Human Activities in relation to the Waterfront

Fence a long t he W a t e r f r o n t i s s o h i g h t h a t it to ta l l y b l o c k s t h e v i s u a l connect iv i ty t o t h e w a t e r f r o n t l

The Site becomes Temporary Carpark (with Bus Terminus remained) After Demolition of North Point Estate

Ferry Ingress V Egress [ 1 j Vehicular Irvgress / Egress

Public Water f ror t Access

_

North Point Estate - Before Demolition


Categof ea: LanJ boUvocn &•.reel and elrocl

Conrtecllon; pedesl'^n end side walks connoct

Ihc sKc on yr-jund and whictas

rccMJsble

Dt3f.ria: High density 'esldentlal and eom-

nericB' district

Function; BusTcrmhus & Icnporary catp^aik

22

Case study 1: Type 4- Land between street and street 10. Lai King- Tsuen Wan Road

Pubic Acoess

Vehicular Irwress ! Earess

Open Spiir.fi

Pecestrian Access


Categories: _and between between road a -d street

, Connection: cdosirten and sido walks conncct tho sties on •jiuund MIILI ^hiiilra iicusaMble

• Diatria: lcw daal!y loglBtwx and rtdjafial dlellnt

• Site The average size of those cluster of CBrpBrk is ConcJilion: very bin cernwro iho steo or Ihc roar indu&lrial

suldlrg. Land iad beoo-ne increasingly jnnared for anc uneconomic u&e

' Function; Tcrripsrary carpark

23

^edestrians's Perspective in

Introduction: jj|rban Wasteland and dormant land have now become a characteristic of Hong Kong. Urban Y^steland and dormant land were such spaces have too often been neglected, if we look more closely we would have understood that these spaces are rich in potential, and that certain coun-II丨es have already succeeded in bringing out the solution of urban wasteland and that designers fi^ve turned them into a features of the city. In Hong Kong the city has gone through fundamen-p changes, the urban forms are indeed changing to be more compact, dense and vertical. The •"affic congestion is easy to found in Hong Kong, which overloaded highways and pedestrians ！ose the sensation of the city floor. While some of the places in Hong Kong have not succeeded in Walking on the ground floor, the issue has become focused around the idea of concentration connection between offices, shops and transport. Moreover, most of the road infrastructures are surrounded by the urban wasteland and 'dormant' land which is hard to put the land in archi-ecture use. In Hong Kong space under the flyover, roundabouts and abandoned land usually j'ansforming it into car parks and parks offer a functional solution, but it is not enough to give hf rn a meaning. This paper considers high density as the necessary criteria for sustainability. herefore, the first approach includes explore how wasteland can deal with the areas and build-

IJgs surround by flyover/ multi-land street/highway, so that to find the new relationship between ® urban environment and road infrastructures. Is it necessary to create new types of public

space between urban environment and road infrastructures that suitable for individuals and groups? Study these urban wasteland and dormant land in pedestrians perspective can find etter understand and represent the vacancies, inefficiencies, and fragments of landscape left

from development. In order to create the methodology to reuse of waste landscapes in the urban world.

mm J ie storage area are mostly located underneath the flyovers located mostly in industrial area. These area usually owned by government and not operate effectively, due to the fact that they are functionally unpredictable. The design of those storage area tends to be simply and usually tends to isolated to the surrounded area, it use steel frame panels wall to integral space under the flyovers.

25

Case Study SI: Solution Storage area under Flyover

：3[ Chi Kok- Cheung Sha Wan Road

in Hong Kong

Quarry Bay- Island Eastern Corridor Mei Foo- Kwai Chung Road

Case Study !l: Container buildings under Flyover jjwai Fong- Tsuen Wan Road

in Hong Kong

n 一

Work耶 I'S J ^ '®cff|c C injury

27

Case Study 1!: Container buildings under Flyover Lai Chi Kok- Cheung Sha Wan Road

• K r i S H H p naniiayni 園 • • n

i

in Hong Kong

Lai Chi Kok- Lai Chi Kok Road

, ‘ : Mm

The use of container can serves as different func-tions in Hong Kong. The purpose of containers building is for temporary use and transportable use in a city of intensive land use. The container build-ing under the flyovers usually serve as a offices, workshops, laborary for different types of compa-nies such as construction, retal car, car sales, car repair, logistic, etc. The pedestrian route is invis-ible due to the fact that it only serve for vechical.

r

I _

Case Study 丨I: Solut ion

Park under Flyover

jjwai Fong- Tsuen Wan Road

in Hong Kong

1

The open space under the flyover used as a park. There are intensive program inside the park including mini football court, roller court and rest area. The pedestrian route is on both side surrounded by planters which make the pedes-trian is not visible. Poor daylighting and the spaces do not appear safe even during daytime.

28

Case Study SI: Bus Station under Flyover Mei Foo- Kwai Chung Road

dormant land in Hong Kong

There is adequate daylight as the bus station located perpendicular under the flyovers, where more daylight come in from both ends. The bus station didn't provide pedestrians crossing on ground floor, it can not helps to prevent car accident if happening. Bus station is a public open space, it should provide a public circulation route for people safetly.

/ ：

I 广?0:、

H!’ jHi m

in d i f ferent countr ies.


NANTERRE, FRANCE Motorway Operations Centre under the A14 Viaduct

Two third of the project is buried underground, which include car park and workshops. While one third is sus-pended offices. The office building clings to the 35 metre wide red arches supporting the viaduct. The space under the viaduct can connect to the Nanterre park without any obstacles.

NEUILLY-PLAISANCE, FRANCE A Bicycle Service Station Built un-der the Viaduct of the Rer Station

The area of this project was around 550 square metre. It was a House under an imposing viaduct, low cost public amenity brings life and function to a space that is unused before. The roof is the existing viaduct, and the walls was make by coloured glass box. The space under the viaduct can con-nect to public transport station on the same level, which provides direct link-age into the city.

• ; ” : » , .Mi 逾_

31

LONDON Portobel lo Green

This small arcade on the end of Portobello Road under the flyover is one of the tourism attraction in that dis-trict. There are open bazaar, shopping arcade, day care centre, fitness centre and office area under the flyovers. Portobello Green had a strong local characteristics, which can link people to the public transport system.

严e concrete pillars of structures usually created a unwelcom-atmosphere. However, architect insulted some tree trucks 卞

J illars or replaced by trees moulded in concrete, which is a ！®•.巧. e州utionizing phenomenon that served for public transport.

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^MSTERDAM J^arrasco Square Park, Under the Expressway Connected ^oSloterdijk Station.

Solution of Urban Wasteland and dormant land 5n different countries. Type 2- Land under Flyover

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Solution of Urban Wasteland and dormant land in different countries. Type 2- Land under Flyover

London M»"ough Market

t ^ S ^ ? Market is the most ancient of London area. It is now the oldest fruit and vegetable wholesale market still VerJ (rom its present 4.5 acre site since 1756. However, the market was built under the railway, it still function ‘ y 鄉丨丨 for selling fine food and didn't affected by the noise around surrounding I^IH

Solution of Urban Wasteland and dormant land in different countries. Type 2- Land under Flyover

Japan

Akihabara Station

rail bridge + shopp ing arcade

kanda river 叫 m s / sobu railv'A^y line

cicctfic goods

Yurakuno, Chiyada-ku

e印ressway + department store

meiropolitan cxprcsswoy expressway toll g

(lepi'srlfnenl store r imp

Shibuya-Ku

P此lie park + car park

yam a note find saikyo railway line miyashitci park trees

pedestrian bridgeway

koto ！SRC 1

•5A.

i ^ b i i d g c st ructure

Higash 丨 Asagowa- eho

rail +housing units


Japan

Shibuya-Ku

public park + car park

yam a note and $ aikyo railway line miyashi ta park trees

cat park ing pcdosEiii in bridgc^way

m

road

countnes.

NICE, FRANCE Tram Terminal (Maintenance Centre, Offices, Park-and-Ride)

This project overcomes the technical challenge of a complex transport infrastructure. Also, it also overcomes the turning problems between motor-way roads and changing this abondoned land into infull project. The design is the explore of the site's features, with digging into the hill and covering the roof of greenery.

n 1993 Nudo-de-la-Trinitat was designed for the Olympic Games, a huge park which set ^gainst the existing road infrastructures. It emergence a new typology of public space aunng that period.

Solution Type 3- Land at roundabouts

in different

m

•BARCELONA, SPAIN Nudo-De-La-Trinitat

i n d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s .

Type 4- Land between street and street

^AUSANNE, SWITZENLAND All Intermodal Station Linking the Town to the Flon Valley

purpose of this project is to connect the various transport networks (trains, buses nd metro) into one city centre. The networks system are divide in 2 levels, upper levels

二 t h e lower levels which is an accumulation of inhabited bridges and glass walkways. J the concept of suspended streets at lower levels, it can bring people from one district ° 如other without any segregation deal to the road and street.

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BARCELONA, SPAIN Design of a Square Above an Express-way

This project create a public space above the expressways. It is a place where peo-ple from both sides of the expressway can meet.

Solution Type 4- Land between street and street

；

in di f ferent countr ies.

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f BARCELONA, SPAIN

Esplugues De Llobregat, A City Park on the Slab Cover ing

This project is a full scale of city park with 2.4 hectares area. It include sports and lei-sure facilities. The purpose of this project is to continue the existing streets between two historically separate localities above the ex-pressway.

37

Main Research: Overall view in Yais Ha l e i In Yau Ma Tei there are combine with different programmes under the flyovers, it includes rest garden, jade market, open bazaar, paking area, 2 storeys office and playground. The and under the flyover become a place for social gathering and shopping for that area, but there are some spaces under flyovers still left vacant. However, The road infrastructures can turned into an advantage for receptacle for activities, it can be the link between the different location and it can easily draw people attention for people walking on the ground floor or people driving along the road. In Yau Ma Tei the jade market is one of the landmarks and tourist attraction in that district, indeed the built structure of jade market is crude with only few structure to support the roof. Moreover, the road had been cutting off in cluster from that area, but the hybrid programmes which jade market is there to support the bazaar and play-ground. Therefore, Yau Ma Tei can still attract people and bring density in that area.

Open bazaar and jade market underneath the flyover.

i n d

Overall

serves for temporary carpark.

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ces. Most of them The density decrease when it comes to the edge of the distr

「here are a number of urban voids (open space) in the crowded Most of them are parks and sport facilities.

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Land underneath the flyovers remain vacant.

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City Fabric The density of the buildings is very high in the old district due to the burning demand of residential and commercial land. The density decrease when it comes to the coast where the new district located. This is due to the fact the Ferry Street flyover create a segregation between old district and new district, which the new district Were reclamation since 1996 and it created 3 cluster of unused land left after develop-l^ent. As well as, the scale of the building increase from the old district to the new ？'Strict, which also increase the inconven-l^nce from the scale changes and travelling distances. There are a number of urban Voids in the crowded area. Most of them 針e parks, rest garden, temporary carparks, sport facilities and historical building.

40

I 1

Grid Three grid systems can be found in the urban fabrics. The old district orientates in between Nathan Road & Ferry Street. The direction of grid was rotated clock wisely due to the change of direction of Ferry Street. The two grids system meet each other at Kansu Street. Both grid was facing the elvations of the buildings along towards West, where it use to be the waterfront be-fore 1996 reclamation. However, the grid system on the new district were depend on the road infrustruction and expressway jifWest Kowloon Highway. Expansion by and reclamation has also produced a multi-ayered grid pattern parallel to the coast-lin〒. Even the block has developed its own Jjnique character over the course of urban development, the original homogeneity of the urban structure has been altered and distorted.

Plan

Commerical C] Residential • CDA DGIC _ Open Space D Open Space

(Wasteland or dormant land) _ Constructed site

Other Specified Uses

District The center area of Yau Ma Tei is the tour-！!attraction with a rich Hong Kong history. 丄he intensive programmes are located near jhe temple street, where the jade market, temple street night market being the most Significant. The commercial area is located near Nathan Road and the mixed used (commercial & residential) area is located near Temple street in the old district. The transportations facilities are very conven-lence for the old district, but not much for

district that located along the coastal

Commerical • Residential • CDA Q G I C _ Open Space S Open Space

(Wasteland or dormant land) _ Constructed site

Other Specified Uses

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Yau 關a Tei Lack of Open Space?

_ Open Space (Park, rest garden, sport facilities, bazaar.)

_ Semi public garden within C/R blocks under OZP

0 Urban Wasteland or dormant land (temporary carpark, abondoned land)

Landmarks Major landmarks are those with historical backgrounds, which is well know as tour attraction. For example, night temple mar-ket, Jade market, Tin Hau Temple. These 邮ea was recognized by the whole com-"^unity. On the other hand, local landmarks

those which serve for local people and ^ring great value to the users. For instant Yau Ma Tei Division Police Station, Canton Street for jade market, Market.

_ A • A

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• Major Landmark Local Landmark Major Street for Night Market and Jade Maket

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Temporary Building (Residential with mixture use) Most of the residential is original and didn't demolished since it developed. Yau Ma 丁ei is a old district, which it keep the origi-nal grid system urban fabric. However, the temple were became the centre in Yau Ma 丁ei, where it has open space, shop, restau jsnt, tailor shop, hotel, lounge, jade mar-ket and temple night market along Temple Street. Yau Ma Tei old district has it histori caj value, and the mixed use programming 比at attract people to use the space even it IS a overcrowded area.

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Open Space Density Analysis

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Siimmary of Urban Wasteland in Hong Kong

Edge

The wastelnad separated by infrastructure along the waterfront create a edge condition. The flyover act as a phyical edge in between the city fabric. It crate poor connectivity, and left over space around and under the flyover.

Summary of Urban Wasteland in Hong Kong

Segregation

The infrastructure travel through the inner city usually segregate the old and new city district, which affects lo-cal and tourist circulation.

Bi n ‘

51

Siimmary of Urban Wasteland in Hong Kong

Wasteland of transition

inculding staging areas, storage yards, parking, transfer stations, container building etc. They profit by selling or renting building space for improving property, whcih usually increases the land's value.

镇遍

Wasteland of infrastructure ,

Inculde the landscape surfaces associated with infrastructure, associated with transportation ( such as highway corridors and interchanges). Infrastructure already running between all urbanized areas, it have the potential to be reused for socially and ecologically reconnecting increasingly deconcetrated populations.

編HI

Site Analysis in Sai Wan Ho


Sai Wan Ho waterfront- disconnections parallel to waterfront


Sai Wan Ho waterfront- disconnections along waterfront

The view from the new district to old district show that there are many leftover space around and under the flyover.

The flyover passing through the new district and old distict which create poor connectivity.

Visual disconnection from the pedestrian to the tram depot.

Pedestrian access disconnect on the ground floor

Untouchable green space in the wasteland.

The Park under the flyover didn't creat a pleaseant experience, it didn' have enough lighting and sitting area served for the public.


,1| i

Aspirations

Sai Wan Ho dormant site increased land values are tied to serious questions about the city: Will private produces? Will if be permeable enough to absorb tourists into daily life wh/7 retaining fhe unique chorocter of Sal Wan Ho? The challenge is the integration of travelers and local residents in a way that revi-talizes the hold district.

Alleyway

The alleyways is an unique urban space in Sai Wan Ho. The alley ways are semi-public space, as they are less apparent and thefore less traversed. Being quite unpleasant from ground level, the al-leyway is preferable observed by residents from the external stair-case of surrounding apartments. However, many undefined activi-ties that describe the unique inhabitations of the city take place in the alleyway, such as extensions, cubist encroachments, unde-fined compositions of entrance. The alleyway plays a critical rote in joining and connecting homes and lives, presenting the oppor-tunlity for shortcuts and evidencing the inner workings of the urban system.

Material (Tram Depot)

There is no unique identity of the tram depot. Tram depot has his-torically been strongly asserted. Architectural should be brings to the forefront potential of it character.

57

Issues

Issues

Explore a flexible solution of urban wasteland The solution should retain their connection of the old dis-tricts

L

58

Design Idea

Creating pedestrian access under flyover.

2. Inserting new social space for different people like resident, working student and tourist.

3. Creating visual connection to different programme, while retaining their origina

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dB

I — Y 4. E x t e n d e d pedes t r i an a c c e s s o n uppe r f l oo r，creat ing c o n n e c t i o n to the o ld d is t r ic ts

60

Design idea

‘i

5. Elevated walkway along flyovers.

Design Idea

Fmal Design- Plan

Ground Floor Plan

Final Design

First Floor Plan

63

Final Design

Roof Plan

64

•

Sect ion ‘A'

Sect ion ‘B’

F inal Design

m

Final Design- Section

I I ； i .丨

P ^ R i i i i i ^ i S i i i R i M U l i m i

I T

memm u

Sect ion 'C'

Sect ion 'D'

66

Park Design

Park- The sites lies in between the old and new district. There are different tourist attraction and resident area near this site. Therefore, many people through the street everyday. Although there are many commercial area in the adjacent sites, but the if don't have much outdoor space to sit and relax. The design bend the people from the office, welcoming visitor and local resident to relax and rest inside the park. The site demolish all the fence sur-round it and use grass make a soft border between the commercial are and office area. Also, it can preserve the calm by putting sound barriers along the flyover.

Bend + Obstac les

The curvature of the site visually disconnects the end of the existing park. Additionally several building block are too high which create the problem of visually discontinuity.

Noise

The site is quite noisy. Without any sound barri-ers. the majority of the site would experience at least 70 decinels of noise generated by the flyo-

Length +Access

The design has 183 miles of street frontage and only 3 major entry points each within a 6 minute walk from the nearest MTR station

67

Perspect ive of multi- funct ion Park

Park Design

Screen Walkway Design

Screen Wa lkway - The propose is to inserting mixed use area in the urban wasteland. The Ground will use lighting as an attraction. The screen is make of LED in between transparent glass. The pro-gram is changeable by months, like art club, atelier, workshop, etc. The idea to is crate flexible space to the people in Hong Kong, so that they can enjoy various of activity along the flyover.

Perspect ive of outs ide screen wa lkway

69

Video Projection Design

Perspect ive of v ideo project ion

Perspect ive of temporary product exbit ion Possible program for f lexible space

71

Container Wall Design

Conta iner Wall (flexible space)- Container can create flexible space where people can separate the program by difference function; For instance a public gallery, theatre, terrace and outside countyard. The purpose is to attract different type of peo-ple from the old district and new district and establish an attraction point crossing the space under flyover.

fl 1

Motet

ft

t ' l .-r

Perspect ive of temporary exibit ion

Temporary Exibition Design

• I '

I

151：

Flexible Design for Container Wall

Perspect ive of ex tended pedestr ian wa lkway under the f lyover

Extended pedestrian walkway under the flyover

Visible Screen for Tram Depot

Visible Screen (Tram Depot)- The purpose is to create visual connection along the tram depot and the space under flyover

m D CHI

Q •

75

9Z

lepoiAl Aprus

Final Model

Extended pedestr ian wa lkway under the f lyover

77

Final Model

Conta iner wal l and f lexible space under f lyover

A l leyway

78

Final Model

Container wal l and f lexible space under f lyover Entrance

Final Model

Overal l v iew

80

Me!A do丄

lepoiAl IBuid

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URBAN WASTELAND - DORMANT LAND - CORE

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