URBAN DEVELOPMENT CAPABILITY PROFILES OF CDI ...

USAID’s Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Page i Urban Development Capability Profiles of CDI Cities

URBAN DEVELOPMENT CAPABILITY PROFILES OF CDI CITIES

Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Project CONTRACT NO. AID-492-H-15-00001

FEBRUARY 28, 2017

This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the International City/County Management Association and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.

USAID’s Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Page ii Urban Development Capability Profiles of CDI Cities

URBAN DEVELOPMENT CAPABILITY PROFILES OF CDI CITIES

Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Project CONTRACT NO. AID-492-H-15-00001

Program Title: USAID/SURGE

Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Philippines

Contract Number: AID-492-H-15-00001

Contractor: International City/County Management Association (ICMA)

Date of Publication: February 28, 2017

USAID’s Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Page iii Urban Development Capability Profiles of CDI Cities

Contents I. Executive Summary 1 II. Introduction 8 III. Parameters of Urban Development Capability 11 IV. Urban Development Capability Profile of CDI Cities 12

A. Batangas City 12 B. Cagayan de Oro City 33 C. Iloilo City 53 D. Puerto Princesa City 74 E. Tagbilaran City 100 F. Zamboanga City 120

V. Consolidated Capability and Capacity Building Program of CDI Cities 143

Tables Table 1. Role of the Different City Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Batangas City 14 Table 2. Potential Land Availability Analysis for Urban Requirements: Batangas City 15 Table 3. Comparative Urban Land Requirements in Various Use Categories (2008 and 2018): Batangas City 16 Table 4. Growth Centers/Corridor and Influence Areas, Batangas City Growth Center/Corridor (Core Barangays) Influence Areas (Barangays) 18 Table 5. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Batangas City 26 Table 6. GIS Self-Assessment Tool Score Guide 27 Table 7. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Batangas City 29 Table 8. Role of the Different City Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Cagayan de Oro City 35 Table 9. General Land Use of Cagayan de Oro City 37 Table 10. Urban Land-use of Cagayan de Oro City 37 Table 11. Growth Centers/Corridor and Influence Areas, Cagayan de Oro City 38 Table 12. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders, Cagayan de Oro City 47 Table 13. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Cagayan de Oro City 49 Table 14. Role of Various Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Iloilo City 57 Table 15. Comparative Area and Percentage Distribution of Land Uses 59 Table 16. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Iloilo City 67 Table 17. GIS Self-Assessment Tool Score Guide 68 Table 18. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Iloilo City 70 Table 19. Role of the Different City Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Puerto Princesa City 78 Table 20. General Land Use of Puerto Princesa City 80 Table 21. Comparative Urban Land Use in Puerto Princesa City (2009 and 1998) 81 Table 22. Urban Areas of Puerto Princesa City and the Barangay Coverage 82

USAID’s Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Page iv Urban Development Capability Profiles of CDI Cities

Table 23. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Puerto Princesa City 92 Table 24. GIS Self-Assessment Tool Score Guide 93 Table 25. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Puerto Princesa City 95 Table 26. Role of the Different City Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Tagbilaran City 102 Table 27. Comparative Land Use Allocation, Tagbilaran City 103 Table 28. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Tagbilaran City 113 Table 29. GIS Self-Assessment Tool Score Guide 114 Table 30. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Tagbilaran City 116 Table 31. Role of the Different City Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Zamboanga City 124 Table 32. General Land Use: Zamboanga City 126 Table 33. Determining the Non-buildable and Buildable area: Zamboanga City 126 Table 34. Urban Land Use: Zamboanga City 127 Table 35. Hierarchy of Urban Centers, Zamboanga City 128 Table 36. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Zamboanga City 136 Table 37. GIS Self-Assessment Tool Score Guide 136 Table 38. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Zamboanga City 138

Figures Figure 1. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Batangas City 27 Figure 2. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Cagayan de Oro 47 Figure 3. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Iloilo City 68 Figure 4. Location of Heavy Traffic Roads in Puerto Princesa City 83 Figure 5. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Puerto Princesa City 93 Figure 6. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Tagbilaran City 113

Annexes Annex 1. Institutional Aspects of Philippine Land Use Planning 149 Annex 2. Land Use Planning Options and Hazard Mitigation Interventions 153 Annex 3. Land Use and Infrastructure Plan Content Correlation Matrix 155 Annex 4. Pertinent National Policies in Land Use Planning (for Batangas City) 157 Annex 5. Framework of analysis for the determination of buildable and non-buildable areas 159 Annex 6. Pertinent National Policies that relates to Land Use Planning for CDO Reference 160 Annex 7. Pertinent National Policies on Land Use Planning: Iloilo City Reference 162 Annex 8. Pertinent National Policies that relate to Land Use Planning: PPC Reference 164 Annex 9. Hands-on Training in Planning Conducted: Puerto Princesa City 166 Annex 10. Pertinent National Policies that relate to Land Use Planning: Tagbilaran City 167 Annex 11. Pertinent National Policies that relates to Land Use Planning: Zamboanga City 169

USAID’s Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Page v Urban Development Capability Profiles of CDI Cities

Acronyms AIP Annual Investment Plan CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCRD Climate Change Resilient Development Project CDI Cities Development Initiative CDP Comprehensive Development Plan CENRO City Environment and Natural Resources Office CGIMS Centralized geographic information management system CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CNA Capacity needs assessment CPDO City Planning and Development Office DCEPC Development Control and Environmental Protection Committee DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of the Interior and Local Government DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways DRR Disaster risk reduction DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management FLUP Forest Land Use Plan FOSS4G Free and open source software for geospatial GIS Geographic information system HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives ICMA International City/County Management Association ICRMP Integrated Coastal Resource Management Plan ICT Information and communication technology IEC Information, education and communication ISA Institute for Solidarity in Asia ISSP Information Systems Strategy Plan JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LCCAP Local Climate Change Action Plan LDIP Local Development Investment Program LGU Local government unit LiDAR Light detection and ranging LUIGIS Land use planning-infrastructure planning-geographic information system LZBA Local Zoning Board of Appeals MGB Mines and Geoscience Bureau NEDA National Economic Development Authority NGO Non-government organization PCE Planned City Extension PFG Partnership for Growth PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office RPTAS Real property tax assessment system RLUC Regional Land Use Committee SURGE Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity TOR Terms of Reference UDCP Urban Development Capability Profiles USAID United States Agency for International Development USTSP University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines

USAID’s Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Page 1 Report on the Urban Development Capability Profiles of CDI Cities

I. Executive Summary As cities grow at an unprecedented rate, the Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Project has increased its technical assistance for urban development, contributing to the project’s goals to strengthen local capacity in urban development, including the promotion of disaster reduction and preparedness. The SURGE Project, through the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Cities Development Initiative (CDI), evaluates whether the cities of Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Iloilo, Puerto Princesa, Tagbilaran and Zamboanga were able to prepare the different mandated plans and use these for designing programs and projects responsive to each city’s needs. The evaluation is an integration of the capacity assessments in urban development: land use planning, infrastructure planning and Geographic Information System (GIS) capacities. These three concerns may be collectively termed as LUIGIS (Land Use-Infrastructure-GIS). In many secondary cities in the Philippines, the lack of capacity to plan and implement urban development, particularly in integrating LUIGIS, hinders the delivery of basic services, the sustainable growth of the local economy and the general quality of life of the people. This document focuses on Urban Development Capability Profiles (UDCP), which will serve as the baseline for the SURGE Project in future climate-resilient land use and infrastructure planning. In Year 1, the project conducted a series of roundtable discussions with city officials, the business sector, academe and various civil society groups in CDI partner cities. The activities aim to:

Review and assess local development plans by mainstreaming climate change adaptation-disaster risk reduction (CCA-DRR);

Assess the capacity of the local government units (LGUs) and their technical staff to conduct climate-resilient development, including regulations such as the implementation of the zoning ordinance and other related policies;

Identify gaps and constraints in the development of climate-resilient policies, and recommend capacity development interventions at the local level; and

Facilitate a venue of collaboration and interaction between and among the participants on issues and concerns related to urban development.

USAID’s Climate-Resilient Framework for Development served as the overall framework for this assessment. It is consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015, particularly in Sustainable Cities and Communities and the Climate Action goals. The methods used in this report were desktop review of relevant documents and field work, which includes key informant interviews, ocular visits, and focus group discussions. The key informant interviews used an interview guide that focused on the assessment of individual competencies and organizational capabilities. The interviews also delved into pertinent legal and institutional mechanisms within the CDI city offices and departments, such as legal mandates and organizational structure, financial support, intra- and inter-institutional relationships, and monitoring and evaluation systems. Ocular visits validated the results of the key informant interviews that yielded other related information.

USAID’s Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Page 2 Urban Development Capability Profiles of CDI Cities

A checklist guided the Capacity Needs Assessment (CNA) in determining data inventory and gaps, existing hardware and software, the cities’ adequacy in supporting planning processes, and other data requirements. The report covers part of the activities undertaken in strengthening local capacity in urban development, including the promotion of disaster risk reduction and preparedness (Sub-component 1.1); the improvement of local climate-resilient land-use planning and development following international best practices (Subcomponent 1.2); and climate-resilient infrastructure planning, financing, and implementation (Subcomponent 1.3).

Key Findings and Recommendations for Each City Batangas City With Batangas City seeing itself as the agro-industrial, educational, energy source and logistics hub of the South Luzon Region and Mindoro, Romblon areas, there is a need for progressive capacity development in terms of upgrading the skills and abilities of city officials and personnel on climate and disaster resilient planning and implementation, including the development of a continuing learning and knowledge development network. Based on the assessment, the city needs to consider hiring a planning consultant with skills on integrating capability development component in the city’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP). The city government also needs to upgrade the skills of its staff that are responsible in the city’s GIS capability and mainstreaming CCA-DRR. On the other hand, land use change monitoring should be regularly conducted. The absence of a mechanism for sharing data, particularly on planning data also hampers its operation. It is, therefore, important that such mechanism be established. The Local Development Investment Program (LDIP) and Annual Investment Plan (AIP) are meant to implement programs and projects for the city. The list of Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) and LDIP programs and projects reveals the absence of projects on detailed area planning for a particular growth center that would push for a preferred urban form. Various stakeholders also aired some urban woes such as: narrow roads, obstructed sidewalks (some city roads have no sidewalks), dead-ends, no access or very narrow access to internal lots, eyesores such as electrical and communication wires dangling in dangerous disarray above the streets, and slow-moving traffic as the new normal. Batangas City has yet to establish master plans on drainage, transport and sewerage. It also needs to fast track the adoption of measures on the use of water retention basins to reduce storm water run-offs and enforce provision on easement for waterways. Recommendations

Land Use Planning. To strengthen the city and its capacity in land use planning, the project may assist in the review and evaluation of the city’s existing CLUP, including the analysis of potential buildable land for urban expansion. Assistance in the development of the Term of Reference (TOR) for the conduct of area master planning is also an important area of assistance as it serves as a blueprint of intervention to an identified growth center. A series of capability development for land-use change monitoring for data sharing (GIS and other mapping technology) must be established. Professionalization of environmental planning of the City Planning and Development Office (CPDO) staff must be facilitated.


Infrastructure Planning. The SURGE Project may provide assistance in the development of a TOR for the system plans on transport, road network, drainage and sewerage system for the water district.

Geographic Information System. Effective implementation of the GIS in the city is crucial. The project may assist in the establishment of the legal and institutional mechanisms in integrating a sustainable GIS-Information and Communication Technology (GIS-ICT) in strategic planning and implementation. There is also a need to establish a centralized geographic information management system (CGIMS) and a technical capacity development program that will enhance the skills of the staff in handling GIS. The city also needs to upgrade its GIS-ICT system to link all city departments to the network.

Cagayan de Oro City Cagayan de Oro City revised its CLUP in 2013 with another planning period of 10 years (2013-2022). The CLUP preparation utilizes available different hazard maps as part of overlays in identifying buildable and non-buildable areas and these also guide the crafting of the zoning ordinance.

Cagayan de Oro City lacks an in-house registered planning professional in the LGU as only a few city government staff have operational knowledge on GIS. Adaptation and mitigation measures such as the suitability of relocation areas for housing should be further analyzed. There is also a need to develop a mechanism for land data sharing where all LGUs share updated information on land matters. The city has no system plans for drainage, transportation and sewerage. It is worth noting that parcels of land within the flood plain were given titles by virtue of the Accretion Law. The city has an unclear program for service coverage expansion of the water district despite the projected spike in water demand due to the large-scale development in the city. The Cagayan de Oro Water District has no dedicated staff to design the city’s sewerage system. There is also a need for a hydrologic or drainage study for the city. Despite being a regional capital, the city has yet to construct its sanitary landfill. There is no established Information Technology Office; an executive order is in place, but its operationalization is on hold, pending the approval of the city council. The absence of permanent positions for GIS-related tasks has also been a factor to minimal existing inventory of data sets. Various stakeholders also shared some urban woes: narrow roads, obstructed sidewalks (some city roads have no sidewalks), dead-ends, no access or very narrow access to internal lots, eyesores such as electrical and communication wires dangling in dangerous disarray above the streets, and slow-moving traffic as the new normal. Recommendations:

Land Use Planning. Facilitate a Professionalization Program with training on GIS operation with the following modalities: in-house and hands-on based on the existing GIS software of the LGUs; conduct intensive classroom-type GIS training for selected CPDO staff, preferably permanent personnel. The CPDO will conduct further analyses on the identified areas for relocation sites to ascertain their suitability. Provide continuous science-based information on hydro-met hazard to be included in the sieve analysis for the determination of buildable areas for the city. The city needs to conduct further analysis


of potential buildable land for urban expansion, with hazard and risk data considered, utilizing a suggested land classification framework.

Infrastructure Planning. Assist the LGU in the preparation of TORs for the detailed system plans as well as a sewerage system design and construction. The SURGE Project may assist the LGU in the preparation of a drainage master plan for the urban center. Possible assistance in the development of TOR for bidding of sanitary landfill project is also important. There is a need to study the resettlement of informal settlers.

Geographic Information System. The city needs to establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a sustainable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation. The project may assist in the establishment of an information, education and communications (IEC) campaign that will enhance the awareness and appreciation of the use of GIS.

Iloilo City The city revised its CLUP in 2011 with another planning period of 10 years (2011-2020). Adaptation and mitigation measures were identified through a series of multi-stakeholder consultation workshops and integrated into the city’s DRRM Plan and Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP). Based on the discussion with various sectors, several initiatives have been undertaken in making the city climate-resilient. These initiatives are: introduction of green building technologies, rain water collection, zero carbon initiatives such as the use of liquefied petroleum gas in taxi operation, LED lights, greening of value chain, campaign against smoke belchers, air quality monitoring, conduct of regular drills, and continuation of the IEC campaign. There is a need to review and evaluate the level of flooding exposure of the city after the construction of the floodway cut-off channel. The assessment noted a capability gap in the preparation of system plans wherein system plans are mostly done by the national government offices. The number of households served by the Metro Iloilo Water District is too small. The reduction of non-revenue water is a necessity. The city has to prepare for a drainage master plan. Regarding the GIS institutional capacity of Iloilo City, there is no existing Information Systems Strategy Plan (ISSP) which directs the implementation of strategies in establishing the ICT environment in the city government. Furthermore, GIS is yet to be integrated in the ICT programs of the city. Recommendations:

Land Use Planning. The CPDO needs to initiate a review of the CLUP vision and conduct a mid-term review of the CLUP in coordination with different stakeholders. The CPDO also has to initiate the review to determine the new level of exposure to flooding hazards. These could be done in-house or by engaging a second party evaluator.

Infrastructure Planning. The SURGE Project may assist the LGU in the review of Development Controls for commercial establishments. Additional source of surface water for domestic use should be explored. The project may provide technical assistance to reduce non-revenue water and to prepare the drainage master plan.

Geographic Information System. Establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a reliable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation.


The city should also establish a CGIMS as envisioned in the city’s ISSP. The project may help the city establish a technical capacity development program that will enhance staff’s technical knowledge on GIS.

Puerto Princesa City An estimated 46,782 persons representing 10,721 households reside within flood prone areas in Puerto Princesa City. Of the potentially affected households, 3.4 percent are informal settlers. Majority of informal settlements that are generally most exposed to flooding lack risk-reducing infrastructure. Puerto Princesa City revised its CLUP in 2013 with another planning period of 10 years (2013-2022). For the past years, the city has consciously cultivated the image of a “city in a forest.” The city sources its water both from ground water and surface water for its supply. The city is being served by the Puerto Princesa City Water District. Based on the CLUP, the Puerto Princesa City Water District serves all 35 urban barangays and two rural barangays. Lack of available water supply is still being experienced in the city particularly during summer. However, efforts are underway to tap additional surface water source from Iwahig-Montible area. A comprehensive drainage master plan is apparently lacking for the city though the City Engineer’s Office stated that there are drainage plans for priority catchment areas. The City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) noted that the city has no natural drainage map. The issue of some developers backfilling some creeks was also brought up due to the lack of natural drainage maps. A landfill was set up 10 years ago but is now full. For this reason, the city is now promoting the waste-to-energy project. Alternative or renewable energy sources such as mini-hydro and solar have become a necessity. There is a critical need to properly enforce the provision on easement for waterways. The city is aware of the climate-induced hazards that can possibly affect its people and environment. The city has identified interventions that it can undertake, which the SURGE Project may also assist, in terms of reviewing the land policy, relocation of vulnerable residents, identifying alternative livelihood opportunities, capacity development on climate change, and the establishment of early warning systems. The absence of a technical group to support city-wide GIS implementation is also important. There are no standards to ensure the accuracy and integrity of data. Network connectivity is sub-optimal due to individual workgroup design implemented in departments (i.e., independent small office environment). Recommendations:

Land Use Planning. The LGU has to comply with the operationalization of Sections 106-113 of the Local Government Code, which clearly instructs elected officials to continuously participate in planning. SURGE may provide hands-on coaching and mentoring on the use of Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) guidebooks.

Infrastructure Planning. The use of surface water, such as that from the Iwahig-Montible area, as a source of water for irrigation, domestic water, and energy supply should be


considered. SURGE may provide assistance to the LGU in the preparation of a drainage master plan and in the development of the TOR for bidding of the sanitary landfill project. The city may consider to develop incentives for parking buildings and a harmonized Comprehensive Transport and Traffic Management Plan, including the possible ban of tricycles on national roads. SURGE may assist in conducting feasibility studies on tapping the Iwahig or other rivers as source for irrigation, domestic water, and energy. It is recommended for the city to enforce proper easement on waterways and conduct regular waterways desilting and cleanup.

Geographic Information System. The city may formulate an IEC that will enhance the awareness and appreciation of the relevance and usage of GIS, as well as establish a CGIMS as envisioned in the city’s ISSP. It can also establish a technical capacity-building program that will enhance the technical knowledge of the staff with regard to GIS and thus promote its use in the performance of the city departments’ day-to-day functions.

Tagbilaran City Tagbilaran City is currently revising its CLUP with another planning period of 10 years (2016-2025. The assessment highlighted the need for science-based information on the sinkholes and cave system and the planned reclamation. The Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau (MGB) conducted an initial study but it only covers around 50 sinkholes. Based on estimates, there are 300 sinkholes within the city. There is no available data on non-revenue water and a number of households draw their water from the Tagbilaran City Waterworks System. There is a turn-over issue with regard to solid waste management. There is also a need for energy source from within Bohol island. During the consultations, various stakeholders aired their concerns on the following: narrow roads, obstructed sidewalks, some city roads have no sidewalks, eye sore and dangling electrical and communication wires and traffic congestion are becoming a problem particularly along major thoroughfares of the city roads and intersections. Hence, a Special Area Detailed Planning must be done to enhance the city’s overall physical image. Based on the assessment, the city has no institutionalized office with mandates over ICT and which will push for the ICT agenda, specifically GIS. There is limited use of GIS in existing software and systems. Recommendations:

Land Use Planning. The CPDO has to coordinate with the MGB of the Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to complete the study on sinkholes and caves within the city. The CPDO also needs to engage a group of experts to conduct a thorough investigation on the impact of the planned reclamation. The results of these studies must be integrated into the CLUP and into the zoning ordinance.

Infrastructure Planning. The use of surface water for irrigation, domestic water, and energy supply should be considered. The turn-over must be facilitated so that the 30 tons of waste produced daily in the city may be processed accordingly. Malinao Dam may be used as a multi-purpose dam, whose potential as an energy source may be harnessed. Solar or other renewable energy sources may also be explored.


Geographic Information System. The SURGE Project may assist the city to establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating sustainable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation. One important aspect is for the city to explore and use Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial (FOSS4G) GIS software suited to aid in the performance of day-to-day functions.

Zamboanga City Zamboanga City is currently revising its CLUP with another planning period of 10 years (2016-2025). During the planning exercise, non-buildable and buildable areas were also determined. The buildable areas, with 35,823.49 hectares available, are meant for urban expansion. More challenges still lie ahead when the city moving toward further densification of its urban places. These challenges are: (1) preservation of the city heritage areas and structures dated back from the Spanish era vis-a-vis urban renewal and development; (2) introduction of green technologies in building and urban design; (3) preservation of remaining agri-land (rice paddies), fishpond and mangroves areas, which serves as flood catch-basin particularly during months of southwest monsoon. Zamboanga City has seven large watershed areas which basically benefit the city’s overall environment and livability. The city may consider the development of a Forest Land-Use Plan (FLUP), which may rationalize the allocation and use of its legally classified forest land. The city lacks standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, updating and securing data and information. Some city departments are just within the minimum system requirements to run GIS-related software and systems. Recommendations:

Land Use Planning. The SURGE Project may assist in the development of the TOR for Special Area Detailed Planning (SADP). In this regard, the project may embark on a joint planning exercise. The Planned City Extension (PCE) drawn up under the auspices of UN-Habitat needs to be revisited, with follow-on activities to be formulated as part of the SADP. The CPDO must maximize the LDIP and the AIP to propose projects and allocate funds for the actual conduct of the SADP.

Infrastructure Planning. The city’s landfill should have a materials recovery facility to reduce waste. On the other hand, a review for the possible improvement of the road network should be part of the Transport Master Plan. The Zamboanga City Electric Company should be encouraged to conduct a risk analysis and consider the possible relocation, or retrofitting, of its existing facilities.

Geographic Information System. The project may assist in the establishment and strengthening of the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating sustainable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation. The city may also consider to enhance its hardware capability by acquiring pertinent GIS-ICT hardware for GIS implementation and by ensuring the linkage of all departments to a city-wide network.


II. Introduction The Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE) Project is an award of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to the International City/County Management Association (ICMA). The project supports the USAID/Philippines’ Cities Development Initiative (CDI), which is part of the broader Partnership for Growth (PFG), a White House–initiated agreement between the U.S. Government and the Government of the Philippines. The PFG aims to shift the Philippines to a sustained and more inclusive growth trajectory on a par with other high‐performing emerging economies. The SURGE Project’s development hypothesis is that secondary cities serve as agents of growth and contribute to the improved welfare of both urban and rural populations. To achieve this, the project has four areas or components: (1) improving local capacity in inclusive and resilient urban development, (2) promoting low‐emission local economic development strategies, (3) expanding economic connectivity and access between urban and rural areas, and (4) promoting social inclusion. The SURGE Project will therefore be helping cities and adjacent areas plan effectively, guarantee basic public services, reduce business transaction costs, promote competitiveness, support sustainable development, and reduce disaster risks while ensuring inclusive and sustainable growth. The content of this report focuses on the development of Urban Development Capability Profiles (UDCP), which will serve as the baseline for the SURGE Project in future technical assistance for climate-resilient land use and infrastructure planning. It is an integration of the capacity assessments of the three important considerations in urban development: land use planning, infrastructure planning, and Geographic Information System (GIS) capacities. Individual specialists were tasked to undertake the assessments in coordination with each other. These three concerns can be collectively termed as LUIGIS (Land Use-Infrastructure-GIS). This report is meant to complement with the Assessment Report of Local Capacity towards Urban Resilience Building and Vulnerability Assessment (Output 1.1.1.1.2) that was undertaken and completed by an implementing partner, the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI). It is also linked to the Key Skills Report (Output 1.1.1.2.1) that assessed the level of technical competence of city personnel and the ideal manning and tenure requirements of city agencies. These reports will serve as the bases for the development of targeted stakeholder-led and locality-based capacity-building programs and projects for the CDI cities. As cited in the work plan, the SURGE Project will evaluate whether the cities were able to prepare the different mandated plans and use these for designing programs and projects responsive to each city’s needs. With the project’s focus on urban resilience in the context of economic growth, there is a need to assess the capacities of the cities in mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation-Disaster Risk Reduction (CCA-DRR) into their Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP). The integration of CCA-DRR will enable the cities to be more climate-resilient and risk-sensitive as they pursue a more equitable and sustainable growth while prudently harnessing their human, physical, and natural resources. The SURGE Project will likewise conduct an assessment of the exposure of CDI cities to natural and man-made hazards or other occurrences, and determine the potential impact of those hazards on development (ICMA, 2016). Land use plans serve as a framework for the different development plans, which cities prepare (see Annex 1 for a thorough discussion on the institutional aspects of Philippine land use planning). The Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) recently revised the guidebook for formulating the CLUP in compliance with two landmark national laws, the Climate Change Act of 2009 and the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. These require the


mainstreaming of CCA-DRR in all national and local development plans, including the CLUP, to enhance the capacities of cities to update their land use plans and formulate the necessary zoning ordinances consistent with the updated CLUP guidebook (ICMA, 2016). Both capacity development and infrastructure are major requirements in sustainable urban development. Unfortunately, many secondary cities in the Philippines lack the capacity to plan and implement them. This hampers the delivery of basic services, the sustainable growth of the local economy, and the general quality of life of its people. Quality land use and infrastructure planning are now premised on good knowledge of the GIS technology. With the growing sophistication and usefulness of information and communications technologies (ICT), GIS capability has become a necessary tool for every city that aspires to serve its communities and citizens in the best possible way. GIS is defined as a computer-based methodology for collecting, managing, analyzing, modelling, and presenting geographic or spatial data. While GIS technology has been around for many years, local government units (LGUs) have yet to fully optimize this technology to support planning mandates and day-to-day functions (Dakis and Padao, 2015). Following the adoption of the CCA Act of 2009 and the DRRM Act of 2010, LGUs are now required to mainstream CCA and DRR not only in their plans but also in their programs and projects. GIS technical knowledge, however, on the analysis and interpretation of datasets, such as the use of Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment results and techniques in data collection, remains lacking. This lack of knowledge limits the potential of GIS in land use planning, risk management, infrastructure development and fiscal management. Furthermore, data and information are stored in various formats and locations, making retrieval and dissemination difficult and time-consuming (Dakis and Padao, 2015). This current report – containing the consolidated results of the assessments for land use planning, infrastructure planning, and GIS capabilities of the CDI cities of Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Iloilo, Puerto Princesa, Tagbilaran, and Zamboanga – is based on the following objectives: 1. Develop reports on the Urban Development Capability Profile of the CDI cities

pertaining to land use planning, infrastructure development planning, and GIS technology. A Capacity Needs Assessment (CNA) was conducted to assess the current capability of the CDI cities in land use planning, infrastructure development planning and GIS technology. This CNA covered the following: (1) individual competence, (2) organizational capability and (3) institutional components. The assessments sought to identify gaps and challenges in terms of the technical competency of the staff; manpower requirements and resources; existing data inventory and information management systems, with focus on hardware and software requirements; and legal and institutional mechanisms that support these important concerns in urban development.

2. Conduct an applicability study of current trends and best practices

A survey of current trends and best practices in LUIGIS was conducted to identify potential applications, tools, organizational structures, and institutional practices applicable to each CDI city. Results of the CNA will be considered to determine which practices are feasible for implementation and useful for the developmental needs and aspirations of each CDI city.


3. Propose an action plan to further enhance the LUIGIS capacities of CDI city departments/offices concerned.

Based on the City Urban Development Capability Profile and the results of the applicability study of LUIGIS practices, a Strategic Developmental Guide for Sustainable Urban Development will be developed. The guide will propose recommendations for program, project, and activity development and implementation for local planning, infrastructure development planning, and GIS integration. This will be completed in detail at a later time, when all the assessments of the CDI cities have been accomplished.

The strategic guide will serve as technical inputs in the formulation of the SURGE Project proposed action plans.


III. Parameters of Urban Development Capability

The collective knowledge presented here can be developed as performance gauges and references in the capability building for the climate-resilient development of CDI cities. USAID (2012) defines resilience as the ability of people, households, communities, countries, and systems to mitigate, adapt to, and recover from shocks and stresses in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth. Specifically, urban resilience focuses on the ability of cities to mitigate and respond to their vulnerabilities. One of the major aims of the SURGE Project is to enable CDI cities in this regard. Climate Resilient Land Use and Infrastructure Planning and Development The SURGE Project, in its Component 1 work (improving local capacity in inclusive and resilient urban development), will draw from the applicable knowledge and experience of a recently concluded (2015) USAID Project, the Climate Change Resilient Development (CCRD) project. CCRD activities supported the agency’s climate change adaptation goal of increasing the resilience of people, assets, and livelihoods to climate change impacts by integrating adaptation strategies into the broader development agenda and inducing donors, governments, and the private sector to invest in cost-effective adaptive strategies. Annex 2 shows the various measures to be undertaken in response to specific hazards linked to various land use planning options. These are results of studies undertaken based on the experiences of different developing countries in their resiliency efforts, and can be used as intervention guides in the resilience development context as applicable in each CDI city. Annex 3 relates the various levels of planning and their relation to the infrastructure requirements through the identification of their contents. These can be helpful for the CDI cities in understanding the relationships of the CLUP to the lower level plans and their infrastructure requirements.

The inputs in this section will be correlated with the existing planning tools already developed by the Philippine national agencies such as the HLURB and DILG Guidebooks. The SURGE Project will also explore the different adaptive strategies and tools developed through the USAID CCRD program for application in the developmental context of each CDI city.


IV. Urban Development Capability Profile of CDI Cities This section presents the findings of the assessments of CDI cities in terms of their capabilities in land use, infrastructure and GIS integration potential in urban resiliency challenges with focus on CCA-DRR mainstreaming. The literal “lay-of-the-land” of each CDI city will be introduced first. The physical data presented here were gathered from each city’s past and current plans and related documents. The capability development interventions will be proposed at the end of each city section, including the identification of priority growth areas and vulnerable sites where SURGE Project can facilitate pilot urban planning interventions in land use and infrastructure, including GIS applications. This will also include the engagement of the city agencies, communities and other area stakeholders.

A. Batangas City

1. Introduction Batangas City sits at the coastal edge of a gently sloped and rolling landscape extending from the uplands of Lipa City down to Batangas Bay. With more than 73 percent of the city’s land area located on slopes less than 15 percent, geo-hazard maps indicate low susceptibility to both floods and landslides. Although it is located within Luzon – an island that suffers from most typhoons moving westward from the Pacific to the West Philippine Sea – Batangas City’s western orientation generally protects it from the worst effects of tropical cyclones. The cities and towns in Batangas Bay straddle Type 1 and Type 3 climate zones where the dry and wet seasons are more pronounced (WWF, 2014). Although the city’s geo-hazard maps indicate low susceptibility to both landslides and floods, occasional flooding has been reported along the banks of the Calumpang River – specifically, in portions of Pallocan West, Barangay 4, Simlong, Malitam, Wawa, Cuta and Kumintang Ibaba. The southwest monsoon is increasingly cited as the source of heavy rainfall and flooding, especially along the country’s western coastlines. Batangas City faces west (WWF, 2014). Batangas City is generally coolest during the months of December to January with temperature ranging from 22ºC to 26ºC. The mean temperature rises and attains a maximum of 36 degrees Celsius (36ºC) in May. The month of October marks the steady fall of temperature. The driest months in Batangas City are from January to April, with the average monthly rainfall of less than 50 mm per month. The northeast monsoon “amihan” prevails starting the months of November up to April. Although originally moist, it becomes comparatively drier after crossing the Sierra Madre Range to the north and east of Batangas, thus attributing for predominantly dry weather during this period. By May to the later part of October, the situation is reversed. The southwest monsoon “habagat” prevails bringing with it considerable rain. A pronounced maximum rain period occurs in Batangas City during the months of June, July, August and September when southwest monsoon flow is steadiest and the average monthly rainfall is 275 mm per month. By the end of October, the northeast monsoon starts to set again. However, the months from October to December are not characterized by dry weather as compared to the months from January to April. This is partly due to the fact that typhoons and depressions most frequently affect the city during the months from July to December.


The type of soils in Batangas City are largely of loam and clay loam which are generally conducive for agricultural purposes-- some parts of the land of the City are also of hydrosoil which are useful as saltbeds and fishponds. These are where the Batangas International Container Port is located. 2. City Challenges in Urban Resilience

Batangas City is vulnerable to flooding along the banks of the Calumpang River, specifically, in portions of Pallocan West, Barangay 4, Simlong, Malitam, Wawa, Cuta and Kumintang Ibaba. The southwest monsoon is increasingly cited as the source of heavy rainfall and flooding, especially along the country’s western coastlines that includes Batangas City. The Calumpang River Bridge connects the Old City Center with an emerging major business district where SM Batangas and the Pontefino Complex are located. It is also where the Philippine Science High School for South Luzon is. The bridge has been destroyed twice in the last five years by floodwaters generated by heavy rainfall that accumulated in the highlands of Batangas Province. It is also anticipated that sea level rise, storm surge, heightened sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification will impact the viability of the city’s port and the productivity of the industrial and fishing activity along the province’s coastline.

The city must prepare to respond to emergencies with some of its fuel-based large-industry locators due to the volatile nature of its products (i.e. Shell Refinery and Malampaya). By addressing the city’s long-term vulnerabilities to climate change, the risks of economic losses and the toll on human development can be reduced. Adapting to the effects of climate change requires new, more comprehensive and resilient paths to economic growth and social development, but embracing these alternatives often entails difficult tradeoffs (such as choosing to invest in economic growth paths that are cheaper in the long term but more expensive in the short term). With Batangas City seeing itself as the agro-industrial, educational, energy source and logistics hub of the South Luzon Region and Mindoro, Romblon areas, there is a need for progressive capacity development of the city in terms of its skills and abilities in climate and disaster resilient planning and implementation including the development of a continuing learning and knowledge development network.

3. Land Use Planning Capability

Cities have to go through in their planning work by considering the institutional framework in Philippine land use planning, including legal mandates, agency relationships, support, procedures, and processes. It then assesses the land use planning capabilities of the city in the different land use planning levels and aspects; identifies the gaps; and presents its recommendations. Land-Use Planning Work Capacity a. Comprehensive Land Use Planning Cities considered as highly urbanized will seek final approval for its CLUP from the HLURB after a technical review by the Regional Land Use Committee (RLUC) of the Regional Development


Council. As a highly urbanized city, Batangas City will subscribe to the approval process of the CLUP. Since the enactment of the Local Government Code, Batangas City has already prepared two successor plans with a 10-year horizon. The city hired an external party, PLANADES, to help in the preparations. Nonetheless, during the conduct of the assessment workshop, participants kept on mentioning that the City Planning and Development Office (CPDO) has the capacity to prepare plans. In fact, the CPDO has been preparing several plans in coordination with other units of the LGU. The HLURB guidebook, which pointed out the need for multi-stakeholder’s participation, provides easy-to-follow instructions which will enable the city to do an in-house preparation of the CLUP. Hiring a consultant for the CLUP preparation offered an avenue for hands-on capacity building for the CPDO and the participants involved in the plan preparation. Adhering to the Local Government Code and HLURB guidebook, multi-stakeholder participation is the main mechanism for the actual planning activities. The CPDO ably provided secretariat and coordination work during the conduct of a series of consultations attended by representatives of the Sangguniang Panlungsod, city government departments and offices, national government agencies operating in the city, and members of the business community and non-government organizations (NGOs). This mechanism was also mentioned during the conduct of assessment consultation workshop on July 17-20, 2016. Table 1 shows the summary on the role of CPDO and other stakeholders in the plan preparation. Table 1. Role of the Different City Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Batangas City

Steps in CLUP preparation (HLURB Revised Guidebook 2013)

Matrix of Roles in CLUP Preparation

2nd Party Preparer (PLANADES)

CPDO Sectoral Committees/T

WG (multi-stakeholders)

Local Development

Council

City Council

1. Organize Facilitator Secretariat and main doer

2. Identify Stakeholders Facilitator Secretariat and main doer

3. Set the Vision Facilitator Secretariat and participants

Participants in the discussion and deliberation

Some members are participants


4. Analyze the situation Facilitator Secretariat, participants and provision of planning data

Participants in the discussion and deliberation Data provisions



5. Set the Goals and Objectives

Facilitator Secretariat and participants




6. Establish Development Thrusts and Spatial Strategies

Facilitator Secretariat and participants




7. Prepare the Land Use Plan

Main preparer for the write-up

Secretariat, participants and reviewer






8. Draft the Zoning Ordinance





9. Conduct Public Hearing

Presenter and resource group

Secretariat and resource group

Participants Some members are participants

Main doer

10. Review Adopt and Approve the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance

Secretariat Review and approval at their level and endorsement to the City Council

Review and adopt the Plan and endorse to RLUC and HLURB for final review and approval Review and Enact Zoning Ordinance

11. Implement the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance

Main implementer

Oversight

12. Monitor and evaluate CLUP and Zoning Ordinance

Secretariat and main doer

Some stakeholders are participants


Oversight

b. Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment

The CPDO technical personnel need to have basic knowledge on climate change and disaster risk assessment. Following the passage of the Climate Change Law of 2009 and the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act of 2010, HLURB has developed a supplemental guideline on mainstreaming Climate Change and Disaster Risks in the CLUP. The CPDO technical personnel are aware of these processes and are knowledgeable in the methods and principles of the spatial overlay process using GIS mapping.

In the preparation of the DRR Management Plan and the Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP), the CPDO coordinated with other concerned units of the LGU to identify several geological and hydro-meteorological hazards. These are subject to mitigation and adaptive measures by the city. In the CLUP preparation in 2008, which focused on determining buildable areas, only the slope consideration was utilized. In fact, the calculations used 25 percent slope instead of the usual 18 percent. Table 2 shows how the city determined what would be potential buildable areas. Table 2. Potential Land Availability Analysis for Urban Requirements: Batangas City

Land supply Area (has.) Percent of total

Total Land Area of Batangas City 28,541.44 100

LESS: Land with slope 25% and above

9,759.59

34.2

Calumpang river 122.29 0.43

Controlled dumpsite 7.0 0.02

Existing built-up areas 3,587.97 12.57

Sub-total 13,476.85 47.22

Total open land available for future urban expansion

15,064.59 52.78

Source: CLUP 2009-2018


The information in Table 2 needs further scrutiny because it lacks other considerations on the following:

Based on the policy of land classification, 18 percent and above are classified as forest land per PD 705 Section 15 (Forestry Code of the Philippines). Therefore, the 18 percent and above are not meant to be disposed. There is no basis for the use of the 25 percent slope category.

Other constrained areas, such as hazard areas, were not considered in the sieve analysis. The DRR Management Plan identified several hazards: fire, typhoon, flood, landslide, sea tragedy, lightning, and oil spillage (CDRRM Plan – Batangas City 2014-2016). Of these, typhoon, flooding, and landslide have a direct correlation to land use. These are considered as hydro-meteorological hazards. It is necessary to include these hazards in the succeeding CLUP exercise, especially in determining the city’s potential buildable areas.

Based on the sieve analysis, the existing CLUP of Batangas City is not DRRM- and CCA-compliant. But then it was crafted before the passage of the DRRM and CCA laws.

c. Land Accounting and Land Use Area Allocation There are two basic considerations in the land accounting process undertaken in LGU land use planning. These are the existing national policies of the government and the existing hazards in the LGU, particularly on geological and hydro-meteorological aspects. Other pertinent national policies that influenced land accounting and land-use allocation regimes that must be considered in the conduct of land-use planning exercise, particularly in the determination of non-buildable and buildable areas within the LGUs can be found in Annex 4.

For the hazards areas, it has been mentioned that national agencies are basically the sources of science-based spatial information which could be used by the LGUs as part of the hazards overlay zones that may help identify vulnerable and risk areas. Most often, highly vulnerable areas are considered non-buildable. These are subject to interventions through adaptive and mitigation means – when such identified areas are already being settled. Given the experience of the CPDO in land use planning, DRRM, and the LCCAP, we can surmise that it is capable of conducting the process of land accounting and land use allocation, following methodologies in the HLURB guidelines. In the CLUP planning exercise in 2008-2009, the CPDO, with the assistance of the consultancy group, was able to undergo such exercises, resulting in the drawing up of buildable and non-buildable areas. Table 3 shows the city’s urban land use allocation. Table 3. Comparative Urban Land Requirements in Various Use Categories (2008 and 2018): Batangas City

Land Uses 2008 Man/Land Ratio 2018

Area (has) (2008 Actual) Area (has)

Built-up areas

Residential 2,886.89 9.54 3,692.05

Resettlement 27.83 0.09 35.59

Commercial 114.41 0.38 146.32

Mixed-use 8.60 0.03 11.00

Institutional 160.93 0.53 205.81


Land Uses 2008 Man/Land Ratio 2018

Area (has) (2008 Actual) Area (has)

Agro-industrial - -

Heavy industrial 383.45 1.27 490.39

Parks/Open Space 0.97 0.00 1.24

Cemetery 4.90 0.02 6.27

Utilities - - -

Total 3,587.97 11.86 4,588.66 Source: CLUP 2009-2018

d. Zoning Development and Implementation The Local Zoning Board of Appeals (LZBA) of Batangas City has been active in dispensing its responsibilities. It is ably assisted by the city’s designated Zoning Officer. Moreover, the Zoning Division of the CPDO evaluates applications on the basis of allowable and non-allowable use in a given zone. The Local Development Investment Program (LDIP) and the Annual Investment Plan (AIP) are other tools meant to implement programs and projects for the city. The list of Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) and LDIP programs and projects reveals the absence of project on detailed area planning for a particular growth center that would push for a preferred urban form. This, however, should not be misconstrued on the part of the CPDO. The CLUP stops at the allocation of land uses and the provision of land-use policy framework through the enactment of the zoning ordinance. In an ideal situation, GIS supplants manual land-use change monitoring. Land-use change monitoring involves the Assessor’s Office, the City Engineering, and the CPDO. But the lack of mechanisms for the sharing of data, particularly planning data, hampers real-time monitoring. It is, therefore, important that mechanisms for data sharing be established. These data are necessary, especially during the revision of the CLUP. e. Special Area Detailed Planning The CLUP process identified eight growth areas in Batangas City. Five growth areas1 are existing but need further enhancement, while three growth areas are still emerging. These growth areas are shown in Table 4. During the conduct of the assessment, various stakeholders shared their observations on the existing urban development of the city. Basically, the urban physical development pattern is sprawled to some degree of densification, particularly in the city’s commercial areas. The general observation is that the old poblacion had its traditional urban grid pattern with traffic connectivity; but beyond that, the pattern of urban development is more linear. Most of the development occurs along major thoroughfares, particularly the national highway. Various stakeholders also aired their urban woes, such as: narrow roads, obstructed sidewalks (some city roads have no sidewalks), dead-ends, no access or very narrow access to internal

1 The identification of growth areas is a first step in Special Area Detailed Planning. The CLUP process stops in the allocation and designation of cluster areas into growth centers. No detailed planning was done to complement with the implementation of the zoning ordinance. Growth centers/areas are considered the center of the engines of growth because these are where business transactions happen; goods and services are produced, packaged, offered, or consumed; and business meetings and conferences and other urban functions take place. Such dynamics, however, have impacts on the city’s capacity to absorb or manage additional stresses – more people who need more food and vehicles and rooms or homes, and the basic logistics requirements of more water and electricity, which also means more waste and carbon footprint, among others. It is in this logic that Special Area Detailed Planning has to be made.


lots, eyesores such as electrical and communication wires dangling in dangerous disarray above the streets, and slow-moving traffic as the new normal. Table 4. Growth Centers/Corridor and Influence Areas, Batangas City Growth Center/Corridor (Core Barangays) Influence Areas (Barangays)

Growth Center/Corridor (Core Barangays) Influence Areas (Barangays)

Existing Growth Centers:

1) Poblacion – Kumintang Ibaba – Alangilan Growth Center (Barangays 1-24, Kumintang Ibaba, Kumintang Ilaya and Alangilan)

Wawa, Sta. Clara, Sta. Rita Aplaya, Sta. Rita Karsada, portions of Bolbok, Cuta, Calicanto, Tingga Labac, portions of Tingga Itaas, portions of Balagtas, portions of Soro-soro Karsada, portions of Mahabang Parang, and portions of Concepcion

2) Soro-soro Ibaba Growth Center (Barangay Soro-soro Ibaba)

Portions of Tingga Itaas, Soro-soro Karsada, Soro-soro Ilaya and portions of Mahabang Parang

3) Pallocan Kanluran Growth Center (Barangay Pallocan Kanluran)

Pallocan Silangan, Gulod Labac, Gulod Itaas, Dalig, Libjo, and San Isidro

4) Industrial Area Growth Center (Barangays Tabanago Ambulong, Tabangao Aplaya, Pinamucan Ibaba, Simlong and Mabacong)

Malitam, portions of Libjo, portions of San Isidro, Tabangao Dao, and Pinamucan Proper

5) Bilogo Growth Center (Barangay Bilogo) Catandala, Maapas, Paharang Silangan, Paharang Kanluran, and San Jose Sico

Emerging Growth Centers:

1) Sampaga – Dumuclay Growth Center (Barangays Sampaga and Dumuclay)

San Isidro, Libjo, Dumantay, Tulo, portions of Paharang Kanluran, Sirang Lupa and Conde Laba

2) Batangas Port Diversion Road Growth Corridor Balagtas, Alangilan, Banaba South, Banaba East, Banaba Center, Banaba West, Calicanto, and Bolbok

3) Pagkilatan Growth Center (Barangay Pagkilatan) Ilijan, Dela Paz Proper, Dela Paz Pulot Aplaya and barangays in Verde Island


There is, therefore, a need to address the city’s physical image so that its constituents and visitors will find it ideal for living, playing and working. A Special Area Detailed Plan must be formulated to serve as a technical blueprint of interventions for the identified growth areas. Technical Competency a. Registered Planning Professional/Competency Level While there are technical personnel who are qualified to take the pertinent licensure examination, the city lacks registered planning professionals at the CPDO. These personnel have been with the CPDO for years, handling planning, programming, project development and zoning functions and responsibilities. b. Other Related Professional/Competency level Only a few personnel have competency and skills in GIS operation and surveying, which are important in the preparation of the CLUP. c. Related Training in the Last Five Years The CPDO personnel provided relevant training and capacity building in the last five years.


Gap Analysis a. Institutional Capacity The legal institutional framework for land use planning has been amply provided for in the Local Government Code, HLURB guidebook, and related issuances concerning land use planning. The planning exercise at the LGU has two dimensions: political and technical. The political exercise comes into play during the process of approval at the different levels: 1) at the Local Development Planning Council; 2) City Council; and 3) the RLUC-Regional Development Council and HLURB. At the Local Development Council level, it is important that its members must also immerse in the technical planning exercise at the sectoral committee or at the technical working group level. During the deliberation of the plans, particularly the CLUP at the Local Development Council level, the committee members already know the technical ramifications. This might facilitate the approval of the plans. The same is true with the members of the city council. While they are busy in legislative work for the city, it may be prudent to once in a while immerse in the CLUP process at the sectoral committee level and join in the technical discussion and deliberation of the plan. In this way, the technical and political are intertwined in the CLUP exercise. b. Capacity in Work Coverage While Batangas City hired a consultancy firm in the last two planning periods, the technical aspect of planning work is largely done and exercised by the technical department of the LGU. The CPDO also served as the secretariat and leading department in the preparation of CLUP and other plans as mandated and required by the national agencies. There are gaps, however, that need to be addressed, such as capability in vulnerability and risk analysis. The conduct of land accounting in determining non-buildable and buildable areas need further refinement to consider other aspects on policies and data on hazards. The capacity to conduct Special Area Detailed Planning must be instituted and strengthened, particularly at the CPDO, in order to provide an appropriate technical blueprint of interventions in areas identified as growth centers. These Area Detailed Plans will form as bases in other specific infrastructure planning, such as roads and circulation networks, drainage and sewerage systems, and other infrastructure support. c. Competency/Capability of Technical Personnel Following the passage of the Republic Act No. 10587, an Act Regulating the Practice of Environmental Planning, there is a need to level-up the competency of the qualified personnel at the CPDO by way of taking the examination. The SURGE Project may organize the conduct of review classes for these qualified personnel. Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations Some of the recommendations in strengthening the city and its capacity in land use planning are:

Assist the LGU in the conduct of review and evaluation of the existing CLUP prior to the conduct of succeeding plan (CLUP) preparation in 2018. Along the process, identify key stakeholders as part of the sectoral committees/TWG in the preparation of the succeeding CLUP. Local Development Council members and City Council members must be


encouraged to be member in the committee/technical working group. Whether the LGU will once again engage an external party to help in the CLUP preparations, there is a need to further strengthen the CDPO through hands-on mentoring on the preparation of the CLUP.

o Integration of the Forest Land-Use Plan (FLUP) and Integrated Coastal Resource Management Plan (ICRMP)

o Batangas City has still areas considered for protection and rehabilitation. This may be part of the classified Forest Land area. As part of the agreement between the Departments of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Interior and Local Government (DILG), the city must prepare and FLUP with the technical guidance of the DENR

o ICRMP is another important plan intended for coastal and marine areas particularly for the municipal water of the city. The Batangas Bay area has an existing Water Zonation. It is important that this water zonation must be integrated into the Zoning Ordinance of the City

Conduct further analysis of potential buildable land for urban expansion. As pointed out earlier, the existing CLUP is not DRRM- and CCA-compliant. The analysis must include existing laws on land allocation, such as the National Integrated Protected Areas System Law and the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act. It must also consider the hazard areas found in the city (geological, hydro-meteorological, or man-made). The gathering of hazard and risk data must be prioritized to provide more time for data analysis and interpretation in preparation for the succeeding CLUP in 2018.

A framework (Annex 5) is suggested in doing the analysis of buildable and non-buildable areas for the city. In the actual exercise it is suggested to determine first non-buildable areas or the protection land-use.

The Terms of Reference (TOR) may be developed for the Conduct of Area Master Planning. The activity may include the following:

o Identify a growth center within the planning period as a pilot for the conduct of Area Master Planning

o Orientation of the selected technical personnel of the LGU responsible for the development of the TOR

o Preparation of action plan with clear time-table and out-put for the development of the TOR

o Conduct series of workshops and consultation meeting for the TOR preparation o Conduct of visitation to master planned areas with the country to gain insights in

area master planning o Writing of the TOR o Review and Finalization of the TOR o Preparation of BID documents with the TOR as basis o Conduct of conference for potential service providers o Selection and awarding o Actual conduct of Area Master Planning


Conduct of Detailed Area Master Planning. Area Master Planning will serve a technical blueprint of intervention to an identified growth center. In the conduct of Area Master Planning, the following must be considered:

o Lot parcel and property information; o Connectivity and circulation pattern within and outside the of the growth centers o Design of utilities placement (above ground or underground); o Allocation of parks as open spaces. This could be of multi-functional open spaces

such as re-charge areas. This is very important for Batangas since the City relies heavily on ground water sources;

o Mix-use development and compact urban design which optimize the used of green technologies to reduce risk, mitigate and improve climate resiliency;

o Identification of visual corridors; o Consider inclusive urban development by proper allocation of space for the urban

poor residence; o Consider strategy such as land swapping, land consolidation, land banking and

even Transfer of Development Rights particular in established growth center master planned for urban renewal (brownfield areas; and

o Consideration to the introduction of Transit Oriented Development so the current city transport heavily relies on jeepneys, motorcycles and, to some extent, trisikad (bicycle-drawn passenger cabs). These transport systems are becoming more of a problem in terms of traffic congestion and source of mobile pollution. While the city is experiencing urban growth in past years’ transport system still remains the same. It is in this context that other strategy such as Transit Oriented Development has to be investigated for its possible adaption.

Conduct of continuing capability building on the following: o Mechanism for data sharing and capability for land-use change monitoring using

GIS and other mapping technology o Assistance to CPDO selected personnel for the professionalization of

environmental planning 4. Infrastructure Planning Capability

Institutional Capacity in Infrastructure Planning

Legal and Institutional Enabling Mechanism The City of Batangas does not have a special architect position, but it has an architect under the Office of the City Engineer.

Infrastructure Planning Work Capacity The 2009-2018 CLUP and CDP were prepared by Batangas City with the assistance of a consulting firm. Policies on infrastructure were identified in the CLUP. Goals and objectives were identified for the different components of the Infrastructure Plan in the CDP.2

2 RA 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991, devolved the function of land use and infrastructure planning to the local governments. Among the local offices mandated to be created were the City/Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and City/Municipal Engineer. The appointment of an Architect was made optional for provincial, city, and municipal governments. Based on the Local Government Code, it is the responsibility of the planning and development coordinator to “prepare comprehensive plans and other development planning documents for the consideration of the local development council.” It is also his/her responsibility to “monitor and evaluate the implementation of the different development programs, projects and activities in the local government concerned in accordance with the approved development plan.”


This assessment of the Infrastructure Planning Capacity of Batangas City was carried out together with the land use specialist and climate change advisor using a focus group discussion on July 18-19, 2016. a. Water Supply and Sewerage System Batangas City has identified its goal for the water supply in its 2008 CDP, which is “to provide potable, sustainable and efficient water supply and distribution system for use of the city’s domestic, institutional, commercial and industrial needs.” One of the objectives was “to maximize the serviced areas and population of the Batangas City Water District through continued improvement and expansion of the existing facilities…” The Batangas City Water District supplies approximately 50 percent (58/108) of the barangays from its 27 wells, while the rest of the barangays are supplied by 70 rural water works. In 2016, the water district serviced 38,000 households with a programmed expansion of 1,000 households per year. The planning and implementation of the water supply is the responsibility of the water district. The water district has 15 storage facilities, with the largest having a capacity of 4,000 m3. The water district assures redundancy in the system, with pipe loops provided in the distribution system. b. Sewerage System The goal of the city in terms of the sewerage system was identified as to “provide an integrated and efficient sewerage collection and treatment system to support national environmental policies and promote city-wide sanitation.” The objectives were to “develop an overall plan for an integrated sewerage collection and treatment system for the City; undertake phased implementation of a city sewerage system; and advocate development of bio-engineering alternatives in sewerage treatment.” In 2016, Batangas City does not yet have a sewerage system. There are still no engineering plans or feasibility studies for the purpose. Piggery farms apparently do not also have sewage treatment facilities, resulting in the further pollution of the Calumpang River. c. Drainage System For the drainage component, the goal of the city, as enunciated in its CDP of 2008, was to “provide an integrated, efficient urban and rural drainage system in order to minimize flooding, maintain road access during rainfall events and protect life.” The objectives were to “develop a master plan for a city-wide drainage system to be integrated into existing and future development strategies; undertake phased implementation of city and rural drainage system for integration into the existing road network; and to develop strategies for minimization of surface runoff…” Flooding is being experienced in some parts of the city, such as in Kumintang and in the vicinity of the Batangas State University Campus. Flashfloods were also observed in major

On the other hand, it is the responsibility of the city or municipal engineer to “provide engineering services to the local government unit concerned, including investigation and survey, engineering designs, feasibility studies, and project management.” Among the functions of the city or municipal architect is to “prepare and recommend for consideration of the Sanggunian the architectural plan and design for the local government unit or a part thereof, including the renewal of slums and blighted areas, land reclamation activities, the greening of land, and appropriate planning of marine and foreshore areas.”


thoroughfares. Typhoon Glenda in 2014 brought severe damage to the city, causing flooding of 23 coastal barangays, the overflowing of the Calumpang River, and the closure of the Calumpang Bridge connecting the two parts of the city. The City Engineers Office prepares drainage plans for specific areas subjected to flooding, but, apparently, the city still has no Drainage Master Plan. d. Solid Waste Management System The goal of the Environmental Management Sector is “to improve the quality of the natural and built environments and maintain the ecological services of the city’s air, water, land, and marine environments to support sustainable development.” Among its strategies mentioned in the 2008 CDP was the closing down of the Sico dumpsite and the construction of a sanitary landfill. Also among its stated strategies was to promote waste segregation among households and the recycling and reuse of recyclable materials. Batangas City has a proposed sanitary landfill following the development plan. The city government still has to implement the project.

e. Transport System Transport was treated separately from infrastructure in the CDP. The goal of the transport plan is “to provide an adequate, efficient, safe, and environment-friendly transportation system that will move people and goods and link the different land uses within the city as well as its neighboring municipalities.” Among the objectives cited was “to reduce traffic congestion, shorten travel time, and minimize the cost of travel.” The susceptibility of the Calumpang River to overflowing has identified the need for greater connectivity between the old business district and the new growth areas separated by the river. Thus, the plan for the construction of Calumpang Bridge 3 under the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). The planning and implementation of the construction of the new bridge will be under DPWH. Other identified problems were narrow roads in the old district. This is the reason commonly attributed to the traffic bottlenecks, especially along P. Burgos St. and the road going to Bauan. A closer look at the map of Batangas City, however, will show the discontinuity of roads in the vicinity of P. Burgos St. as another reason contributing to the traffic. The lack of an alternative road going to Bauan, as evidenced by discontinuous roads, is also evident. The private sector has conducted a feasibility study on vehicle mobility from the San Isidro area to the STAR Tollway without passing through Pallocan Road. A review of the road network as part of the Transport Master Plan is in order. The city was also able to identify the lack of parking spaces as a contributory factor to traffic congestion. There are already some proposals from the business sector to have parking buildings and provide sidewalks, elevated, if necessary, to make the make the central business district walkable. Actual plans, however, are yet to be designed. The CDP has also mentioned of a proposed parking building at the old market. While transport-related infrastructure projects have been identified in the CDP, such as channelization, construction of round-about, viaducts, and geometric improvements, these projects should be harmonized with a Comprehensive Transport Plan. Among the infrastructure components of the transport plan were: (1) construction of Calumpang Bridge 3, Construction of Roundabout at Gulod Junction; (2) construction of Viaduct between Sta.


Clara and Bay Road via Malitam; (3) construction of Pedestrian Overpasses; (4) feasibility study of integrated transport terminal; (5) feasibility study of parking building at Old Market; (6) pre-feasibility study of Star Tollway-Gulod Bypass Road; (7) channelization of Pallocan-Libjo National Highway Junction, (8) geometric improvement of BIR Road – P. Herrera Junction; and (9) construction of barangay roads. f. Power System The goal of the city “to provide stable, reliable, and affordable power supply and distribution system” seems to be an achieved, or easily achievable, goal, with the number of power plants located in Batangas City. The city hosts the Malampaya Natural Gas Project as well as the First Gas Power Corp (1000MW), San Lorenzo Power Plant (500MW), and Kepco-Ilijan Power Plant (1,200 MW). Meralco and the Batangas Electric Cooperative, Inc. II provide the city’s power distribution system. Meralco is actively partnering with the local government, as evidenced by its assistance to the local government during the 2014 Typhoon Glenda.

g. Climate Change Adaptation Systems Climate change adaptation measures adopted by the city can be demonstrated in its goal to rehabilitate and protect the banks of Calumpang River. The CPDO is considering creeks in the identification of hot zones. The city is promoting the adoption of green buildings, including the private sector. The University of Batangas, as an example, generates 30kw solar power for its use. Gaps Analysis While eight growth centers were identified in the CLUP, system plans for transport, drainage, and sewerage have yet to be prepared. Preparation of the water distribution plan is the responsibility of Batangas Water District. As for projects identified in the CDP, the DPWH prepared the detailed plan for the proposed Third Calumpang Bridge. a. Institutional Capacity Based on the Local Government Code, the responsibility of the preparation of the comprehensive development plan is through the planning development coordinator, but the support services are distributed to the Engineering Office and the Architect, which is an optional office. The planning development coordinator may not have the key skills of an urban and environmental planner to prepare a Master Development Plan for a city. Hence, technical support from the private sector might be necessary in the preparation of the Master Development Plan or System Plans, such as the Drainage Master Plan, Transport Master Plan, and Sewerage System Design. The Engineering Office may have an architect, but the role of an architect under the Engineering Office is limited to the planning of specific projects. Concern was also raised regarding the difficulty of getting development permits. The city has 25 steps necessary in obtaining development permits. City roads are also observed to be too narrow, even in new subdivisions near the Diversion area. The granting of development permits as a devolved function from the HLURB may thus be seen as one area for possible improvement.


b. Capacity in Work Coverage Apparently, there is a capability to do system plans, such as the Drainage Master Plan and the Transport Master Plan. Among the 22 plans mandated by the national government, only two system plans are infrastructure-related: solid waste management and watershed management plans. These system plans are components of the Detailed Master Plan required in the CDP. Other system plans, such as the Transportation Management Plan and the ICT Plan, are optional. On the other hand, there is no explicit mention of water supply system or storm-water management plan. Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations Some of the proposed interventions to strengthen the infrastructure planning capacity of Batangas City are:

Provide assistance in the development of a TOR of system plans (transport plan, including road network plan; drainage master plan, including sewerage system for the water district).

Assist the LGU in the preparation of base plans, such as road network plans and drainage plans.

Assist the LGU in the review and implementation of development controls. 5. GIS System Integration Capability This section on GIS contains excerpts from the SURGE Project’s more extensive stand-alone reports on the Assessment of GIS for CDI cities. The excerpts included here focus on climate-resilient land use and infrastructure planning capabilities. GIS Institutional Capacity The findings in the GIS institutional capacity of Batangas City are as follows:

An Executive Order has been passed to institutionalize the creation of the Information Technology Services Division. Unfortunately, the signed document or any copies cannot be located within the LGU. Hence, the mandate of ensuring a city-wide GIS implementation remains unclear.

The limited manpower allocation for GIS-related tasks, such as generating geospatial data, also needs to be re-evaluated and updated if necessary.

There is no identified senior champion who will push for the GIS agenda in the executive committee of the city government.

The city’s Information Systems Strategic Plan (ISSP) for 2013-2015, which detailed the city’s proposed ICT programs and projects, was not approved. This has resulted in stand-alone procurement of systems and hardware. The ISSP also needs to be updated.

There are no data creation and management standards and practices in all departments. Standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, updating, and securing data and information are not yet in place. Standards and protocols for GIS implementation are also non-existent.


The current “informal” system of relationships and agreements between individuals cannot effectively cope with the management of a large and growing volume of data and the regular maintenance and updating required.

GIS Capability Gaps and Issues

The current situation of GIS implementation in Batangas City was presented based on the results of the assessment. Issues and gaps which hinder GIS implementation were highlighted during the presentation. A self-assessment activity was also conducted to affirm the results presented. The assessment activity asked participants to evaluate the capability of their own department based on the same parameters used to assess the institutional capacity of the city in implementing a sustainable GIS. A self-assessment tool was utilized for this purpose. Participants were grouped into three clusters (Land Use Planning, Infrastructure Planning, Fiscal Management) to encourage discussion among departments. The discussion after the presentation of the existing issues and gaps led to the assignment of weights for each component based on the importance of each component in the implementation of GIS in Batangas City. The participants agreed on a priority scale and allotted 40 percent weight on institutional capacity; 20 percent on technical competency; 20 percent on data; 10 percent on hardware; and 10 percent on software and systems. Using these agreed weights, the total weighted score for all the five GIS components for Batangas City is 1.82 indicating that the city finds itself having a limited capacity in terms of existing resources to implement and streamline GIS (Table 5). The low rating may also be translated as an increasing awareness for the need for GIS in the city’s operations as this rating may also be seen as an assertion that the city government should initiate improvements to create a suitable environment for GIS implementation. Serious efforts must be made to structure the legal and institutional arrangements and build the required databases as foundations toward full GIS implementation. To ensure its sustainability, investments must also be made to enhance the skills of the technical staff and equip them with the GIS-ICT hardware and software requirements needed to efficiently and effectively perform their day-to-day functions. The GIS capacity score and the validation activity will inform the formulation of the Strategic Guide for Sustainable GIS Implementation for Batangas City (Table 6). Table 5. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Batangas City (Dakis, 2016)

Component Batangas City

CAS AW

Legal and Institutional Capacity 1.51 40%

Technical Competency 1.90 20%

Data 2.25 20%

Hardware 1.95 10%

Software 1.86 10%

GIS CAPACITY SCORE 1.82 Note: CAS – Capacity Score from Stakeholder Self-Assessment Survey AW: Allotted Weight based on Stakeholder Consultation

As shown in Figure 1, GIS capacity scores vary depending on the perceived importance of GIS components through assigning weights. Across all cities, legal and institutional capacities were deemed most important in establishing, facilitating, and implementing a sustainable GIS within their city. Data and technical competency were considered to be more important than hardware


and software/systems to support GIS implementation. A detailed discussion of GIS capacity needs assessment results is presented in the GIS Capacity Profile of each city. Figure 1. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Batangas City

Table 6. GIS Self-Assessment Tool Score Guide

Score Rating Description

1 Poor Not yet existing or there is no system to support it.

2 Limited Existing but limited in use or practice. Existing systems may be informal or at the individual level.

3 Intermediate/ Basic Support systems are in place. Practice can be observed at some level but not streamlined to functions and not institutionalized.

4 Advanced Processes and systems are institutionalized and official (documented). Knowledge is translated into actual practice. Strong support is evident.

GIS Capability Building Strategies: Recommendations Although the objective of the GIS-CNA was to determine barriers in GIS implementation, it is far more effective to start with realistic strategies and specific programs and projects than to address all issues all at once. During the GIS Validation Workshop, the GIS clusters agreed on the following strategies to ensure the sustainable implementation of GIS in Batangas City: GIS Strategy No. 1: Establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a sustainable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation.

Institutionalize the Information Technology Services Division with clear mandated functions related to sustainable GIS-ICT planning and implementation through an Executive Order approved by the Sanggunian Panlungsod;

Engage champions (Atty. Reginald Dimacuha of Secretary to the City Mayor) that will push and support GIS implementation. Identify members of the core group (department heads and technical staff counterpart as part of the technical working group and sub-working committee) and define their roles and responsibilities;


Update the ISSP for programs and projects that will support sustainable GIS implementation;

Ensure the approval of the ISSP;

Develop a data management operations manual, which includes data standards and data management plan (data generation, acquisition, maintenance, and security); and

Establish partnerships with the academe through memoranda of agreement with provisions for internship programs, research and development, among others.

GIS Strategy No. 2: Establish a Centralized geographic information management system (CGIMS) as envisioned in the ISSP

Develop CGIMS platform and infrastructure;

Development of CGIMS database: on Building Inventory; on Waterworks system; on Roads and bridges; on Drainage system; on Land Use/zoning and planning; on Parcel data and link with micro station; on Central Registry Database; on Natural Resource Mapping; and on Vulnerability Assessment database; and

Utilize web service for CGIMS.

GIS Strategy No. 3: Establish a technical capacity building program that will enhance technical knowledge of staff in GIS to promote its use in performing departmental day-to-day functions.

Basic GIS Training

Customized GIS Training o Per departmental function o Data Collection Techniques

GIS Internship Program through a Memorandum of Agreement between the academe and the LGU

GIS Strategy No. 4: Acquiring of required GIS-ICT hardware for GIS Implementation and ensuring linkages of all departments to a city-wide network. This involves the acquisition/upgrading of hardware to include GIS-ICT requirements for CGMIS such as servers, workstations, network, infrastructure, data collection hardware.

GIS Strategy No. 5: Develop a two-tiered GIS software solution, where appropriate Free and open source software for geospatial (FOSS4G) GIS software is explored and adopted as software for departments without GIS while departments using proprietary GIS software are also provided institutional support such as:

Download newest version of QGIS

Upgrading of existing system (Real property tax assessment system, or RPTAS)

Identify applicable operating system software for data collection, creation and analysis (Applicability study)

System for monitoring and reporting for executives

GIS Strategy No. 6: Formulate an IEC campaign that will enhance awareness and appreciation to the relevance and use of GIS

GIS orientation seminar for department heads

Conduct a Hackathon, annual PR activity showcasing GIS: exhibit, open house, outreach

Involve barangay partnership on emergency response for capacity building


GIS information dissemination campaign about barangay clearance and other permit issuance in all barangays

6. Proposed LUIGIS Capability Building Interventions for Batangas City The findings and recommendations for Batangas City is consolidated and simplified in Table 7: Table 7. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Batangas City

Capability Assessment

Area

Urban Development Capability Profile

Current State

Gaps and Issues Recommendations/ Interventions

Land Use Planning

Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Batangas City.

Institutional Aspects

RA 7160 Local Government Code

HLURB Guidebook Vol.1 The Planning Process

HLURB Guidebook Vol.2 Sectoral Analysis and Tools for Situational Analysis

HLURB Guidebook Vol.3 Model Zoning Ordinance

Supplemental Guidelines on Mainstreaming Climate Change and Disaster Risks in CLUP/CDRA

RA 10587 The Environmental Planning Act of 2013

No In-house Registered Planning Professional

Technical personnel experienced in planning work but needs assistance in Board Review Preparation

Few persons with GIS operational knowledge

Need for politicians to be involved in the technical aspects of planning for appreciation and understanding purposes

Need for more practical application in the use of the HLURB Guidebooks

Facilitate a Professionalization Program

Conduct training on GIS operation on following modalities: in-training house and hands-on based on the existing GIS software of the LGUs; conduct intensive classroom type GIS training for selected CPDO preferably permanent personnel

LGU to comply for the operationalization of Sec 106-113 of the LGC for the elected official continuously participate in planning

Hands-on coaching and mentoring on the use of HLURB guidebooks

Comprehensive Planning

Need to update according to HLURB Guidebooks

Hiring of a Planning Consultant or Firm which can integrate capability-building components

Assist in the review and evaluation of existing CLUP in preparation for its updating;

Help identify championing stakeholders and be part of the TWG;

Integration of a FLUP and an Integrated Coastal Resource Management Plan (particularly the existing Water Zonation of the Batangas Bay Area) into the successor CLUP and Zoning Ordinance

Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Integration

CCA-DRR not yet mainstreamed in CLUP

Deficient in-house technical capability/only awareness level and not application

Need for Assistance in CCA-DRR Mainstreaming Work

Assistance in CCA-DRR Mainstreaming particularly for the successor CLUP

Provide continuous science-based info on particularly on hydro-met hazard and this should be included in the



Area


Current State


Hazard maps not included in sieving for usable land

sieve analysis for the determination of buildable areas for the city

Land Accounting and Land Use Allocation

25% slope used for forest land classification without basis; 18% according to Forestry Code

Capable of undertaking land accounting but land use change monitoring not consciously done

No land data sharing

Need for knowledge and practical application deepening with regards to policies and data on hazards

Need to develop a mechanism for land data sharing

Conduct further analysis of potential buildable land for urban expansion with hazard and risk data considered utilizing a suggested land classification framework

Assist in the development of data sharing mechanisms across related City agencies

Zoning Development and Implementation

Not adjusted to the referent content and format according to HLURB Guidebook

LZBA active

Need for updating along with CLUP

LZBA need to be capacitated and strengthened particularly on climate resiliency concerns

Conduct continuing capacity building to LZBA particularly on climate resiliency concerns as it relates to Zoning regime of the city

Special Area Detailed Planning

Eight (8) Growth areas identified in plan; 5 for enhancement; 3 emerging

No detailed planning done for priority growth areas; urban development pattern chaotic; uncontrolled development along highways

Assist in development of TOR for Special Area Detailed Planning; Engage a joint planning exercise

CPDO must maximize the LDIP/AIP to propose projects and allocate funds on the actual conduct Special Are Detailed Planning

Infrastructure Planning

Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Batangas City.


Infra Planning devolved to LGU

Office of City Engineer mandated to prepare infra system/ engineering plans

Office of the Architect to do architectural plan and design; no such office in Batangas City

There is an Architect in OCE

No system plans such as drainage master plan, transport master plan, sewerage system plan

Lack of personnel to do system plans

Capability gap in the preparation of system plans

Need to hire consultants/firms to do system plans

Difficulty in obtaining development permits

Assist the LGU in the preparation of TORs in the preparation of detailed system plans

Assist the LGU in the review for possible improvement in the implementation of Development Controls

Water Supply and Sewerage System

Water District supplies 50% of population while the rest supplied by Barangay Water and Sanitation Associations (BWAS)

No sewerage plan

Piggery farms do not have sewage treatment facilities; pollution of Calumpang River

Programmed expansion in terms of households to be serviced is linear though population growth is exponential

Batangas Water District does not presently seem to have personnel who could do sewerage system design

Assist the LGU in crafting TOR for sewerage system design/construction

Provide technical assistance to LGU in designing model sewage treatment facilities design for adoption by piggery farm owners

Potential use of biogas from piggery farms



Area


Current State


Lack of technical capability of piggery farm owners to provide sewage treatment facilities

Drainage System

Flooding in Kumintang and BSU Areas

Flashfloods in major thoroughfares

In 2014, flooding in 23 coastal barangays due to Typhoon Glenda; overflowing of the Calumpang River

No Drainage Master Plan

Apparent lack of baseline data on existing drainage system

Need for hydrologic /drainage study for the city

LGU should compile data on existing drainage system and prepare baseline drainage system plan

Prepare assistance to LGU in the preparation of drainage master plan for the urban center

Solid Waste Management System

Closing of the Sico Dumpsite

Proposed Sanitary Landfill

Sanitary landfill yet to be constructed

Possible assistance in the development of TOR for bidding

Transport System

Greater connectivity between the old city center and new growth areas across the Calumpang River

Traffic bottlenecks attributed to narrow roads in the old City District

Lack of parking spaces

Various proposed transport related projects.

Construction of a Third Bridge to be implemented by DPWH should be properly coordinated with local transport plan

The discontinuity of the narrow roads further aggravates traffic

Need to identify location for parking buildings

Need to encourage people to walk

Need to coordinate road improvement/ construction projects with other transport related projects

Review of the Road network as part of the Transport Master Plan

Develop incentives for parking buildings; This could be tied with possible use of parking buildings as temporary areas of refuge during emergencies such as flooding

Design connected pedestrian walkways that can be elevated in narrow areas

Develop a harmonized Comprehensive Transport Plan

Power System

Hosts 5 Natural Gas Power Plants, 3 operational and 2 under construction with total capacity of 3200MW

Power source for island barangays

Use of solar power for island barangays

Climate Change Adaptation Systems

Rehabilitation and protection of Calumpang Riverbanks

Adoption of Green Buildings in the private sector

Utilization of solar panels in the University of Batangas

Need to properly enforce provision on easement for waterways

Government facilities have yet to adopt measures such as the use of water retention basins to reduce storm water run-off

Enforce proper easement on waterways and conduct regular waterways de-silting and clean-up

Construct linear park along waterways

Use of water retention basins in government properties / facilities

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Entries here are based on this Report and the Geographic Information System Capacity Profile and the Strategic Guide to Sustainable GIS Implementation for Batangas City. The entries in the Current State are the results of the Self-Assessment Tool by clusters. The Tool Score Guide is listed below this GIS Section.

Legal and Institutional Capacity

Land Use Planning Cluster Score: 1.40

Infrastructure Cluster Score: 1.90

IT Office establishment unclear with signed EO not located

Establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a sustainable GIS-Information



Area


Current State


Limited manpower for GIS-related tasks

Absence of senior champion to push GIS agenda

ISSP for 2013-2015 not approved and needs to be updated

No data creation and management standards and practices including protocols for GIS Implementation

and Communication Technology (ICT) in strategic planning and implementation.

Formulate an Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign that will enhance the awareness and appreciation of the relevance and usage of GIS.

Data Land Use Planning Cluster Score: 2.00


No existing inventory of all data sets

No formal system in place to manage data

Only CPDO and CDRRMO have geospatial data sets

Limited capacity in data resource management; manual filing system still utilized.

Establish a CGIMS as envisioned in the city’s ISSP

Technical Competency



Lack of skilled and competent staff to perform data management and GIS functions

No GIS related staff development program in place

Deficient competency in GIS Integration

Establish a technical capacity-building program that will enhance technical knowledge of the staff with regard to GIS and thus promote its use in the performance of the departments’ day-to-day functions.

Hardware Land Use Planning Cluster Score: 1.56


Minimum requirements for GIS integration in place but not fully optimized

Enhance hardware capability by acquiring pertinent GIS-ICT hardware for GIS implementation and by ensuring the linkage of all departments to a city-wide network.

Software Land Use Planning Cluster Score: 1.67


Most not aware of alternative to proprietary GIS software; limited licenses of GIS-related software

Existing systems not integrated

Develop a two-tiered GIS software solution, to wit: City departments without GIS are encouraged to explore and adopt appropriate Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial (FOSS4G) GIS software, while departments and offices using proprietary GIS software are also given institutional support.

GIS Capacity Score

General LGU Score: 1.82

The above in GIS are entered here in general terms, for specifics refer to list in GIS Section Report ,


B. Cagayan de Oro City 1. Introduction

Cagayan de Oro City is characterized by a narrow coastal plain along the Macajalar Bay and by highland areas separated by steep inclined escarpment. The lowland is relatively flat and its elevation is not more than 10 meters above the mean sea level. The coastal plain is narrow and averages 10 meters above sea level. Highlands bound the city in the south, running east to west. Highlands are composed of plateaus, terraces, hills, mountains, canyons, and gorges. Creeks and rivers traverse and drain to Macajalar Bay. There are seven rivers, namely: Cagayan River, Iponan River, Bigaan River, Cugman River, Umalag River, Agusan River, and Alae River. The more notable creeks are Binono-an, Bitan-ag, Indulong, Kolambog, Sapong, and Umalag. About 13,587 hectares, or 28 percent, of the city's land area has a slope of between 0 and 8 percent, which is considered safe for most uses. Such areas are concentrated on the narrow coastal plain, the flood plain areas of the Cagayan and Iponan Rivers, and the upland terraces. The remaining 72 percent of the land has slopes that are greater than 8 percent, and pose a challenge to development. The soils of Cagayan de Oro City are predominantly clayey. Other soil composition is sand, sulfaquents, loam, and clayey loam. Soils which are good for agricultural production are San Manuel Loam and Bantog Clay. The Matina Clay and Umingan Clay Loam are of lesser quality for agricultural production. Other soil types, which do not have any agricultural value and are suitable for urban or resort use, include hydrosol, beach sand and stony clay. Cagayan de Oro City’s climate falls under Type III and IV of the Coronas Climate Classification System of PAGASA. The western portion of is classified under Type III which is characterized by a short dry season, usually from February to April, and Type IV climate in the eastern part of the City, characterized by an almost evenly distributed rainfall during the whole year.

The city’s land use can be classified as either Agricultural or non-agricultural (Built-up areas). Agricultural land constitutes 33.27 percent of the total land areas and 66.73 percent for non-agricultural uses. 2. City Challenges in Urban Resiliency Every year the country experiences an average of 20 typhoons and most of which pass through Visayas and Luzon. Situated close to what could be the southernmost rim of the Philippine typhoon belt, Cagayan de Oro City received 11 typhoon hits over a 20-year period. More than typhoon hits, it is floodwater from extreme rainfall flowing down the rivers and running off the slopes, from the uplands of Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon that Cagayan de Oro City will have to learn how to cope with. The floods of 2009 and 2011 have already provided a tragic illustration of what can happen. While Cagayan de Oro City is not directly affected by a tropical cyclone, its weather, particularly manifestation of rainfall may be affected by tropical cyclones passing close to the northeastern tip of Mindanao. Climate projections of PAGASA reveal that the city will experience an increase in the average temperature between 1.0 to 1.2°C by 2020 and 1.9°C to 2.4 °C in 2050. This is approximately 27.5°C and 28.55°C in 2020 and 2050, respectively. Days are becoming hotter as observed by many throughout the city.


Flooding in Cagayan de Oro is being triggered by heavy continuous rainfall which is being aggravated by reduced soil absorptive capacity in the upstream. Flooding is identified as a result of both the change in the average in precipitation and an extreme event during occurrence of strong tropical cyclones. There are two types of flood occurrences in Cagayan de Oro, namely: (1) Riverine/Urban flooding, triggered by intense rainfall, overcharging the existing drainage system which mainly cause flooding in poorly drained areas and overflowing of water along river banks and flood plains, and (2) coastal floods caused by inundations on low-lying coastal areas, beach or lagoon sides brought about by storms, local surges or abnormally high tide. Cagayan de Oro City has two major rivers, namely: (a) Cagayan de Oro River (Cagayan River) and (b) Iponan River. Cagayan River has its headwaters in the Kalatungan Mountain Range found in the central part of the province of Bukidnon. It traverses the municipalities of Talakag, Baungon, Libona, and Pangantucan of Bukidnon and finally empties into Macajalar Bay at Cagayan de Oro City. Hence, the rate of precipitation in the province of Bukidnon will greatly contribute to the exposure of Cagayan de Oro to climate change impacts. In general, there is a projected reduction in the normal rainfall volume of Bukidnon except for the months of December to February where it is likely to experience a 2.9 percent increase in precipitation rate (PAGASA). It is noted that both Tropical Storm Sendong and Pablo occurred in the month of December for two consecutive years (2011-2012). Flash floods occur in CDO when water from the eight major rivers within the said municipalities of Bukidnon; Iligan City of Lanao del Norte; Municipality of Bubong of Lanao del Sur and the ARMM, cascades downstream. Topography has been identified as one of the main reasons behind the devastating effect of the 2011 Typhoon Sendong in Cagayan de Oro City. Flood waters carrying logs, heavy rocks and plenty of mud, as observed by the residents, is an indication that the water came from the mountains in neighboring towns and provinces in Northern Mindanao. Cagayan de Oro City is widely affected by coastal flooding especially in the areas near the Macajalar Bay. Coastal inundation is largely a natural event; however anthropogenic interventions on the coastal environment can exacerbate coastal flooding. Extraction of water from ground water reservoirs in the coastal zone can enhance subsidence on the land increasing the risk to flooding. Climate change may cause an increase in the intensity and frequency of storm events, which implies that coastal flooding from storm surges will be more frequent with sea level rise. With the increasing frequency of flooding, the key community facilities and critical infrastructure assets such as roads and bridges along Cagayan and Iponan Rivers, flood control dikes, power and water supply lines, government buildings, drainage and waterways, transmission lines among others, are identified to be at risk. The most vulnerable are those situated along the low lying areas of the coastal zone where basic social services and economic activities are concentrated. These are considered at risk especially when the amount of rainfall recorded at the Lumbia rain gauge station register 80 mm in a 24-hour reading period. Flooding also occurs in the central business district and other low lying areas when the runoff generated by the rainfall exceeds the capacity of the waterways and drainage system.



Land-Use Planning Work Capacity a. Comprehensive Land Use Planning Cagayan de Oro City revised its CLUP in 2013, with another planning period of 10 years (2013-2022), with the following vision statement: “A city managed through good governance, empowering its citizenry to thrive in a highly competitive economy and a sustainable environment nurturing its diversity and multi-cultural heritage toward a resilient, progressive, and inclusive future.” From the city’s experience during Typhoon Sendong, the CLUP preparation utilizes available different hazard maps as part of overlays in identifying buildable and non-buildable areas and these also serves as guide in the crafting of the zoning ordinance. The preparation was done with technical assistance from the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Region 10 and HLURB Region 10. The Project Climate Twin Phoenix provided Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data on some areas of the city particularly along Cagayan de Oro River. A series of workshops and consultation with various stakeholders were conducted throughout the process of plan revision. The draft CLUP was reviewed by Regional Development Council-RLUC in 2013. The City Council adopted the CLUP in 2015, and the zoning ordinance was enacted in 2016. The CPDO is preparing to submit the CLUP and the enacted zoning ordinance, together with other documents required by the HLURB, by September 2016. The HLURB approval is expected within the year. The CPDO serves as secretariat and leading unit in the CLUP preparation process and actively gathered planning data from the LGUs. A series of workshops were also conducted with various stakeholders. Table 8 shows the role of the CPDO and other stakeholders involved in CLUP preparation. Table 8. Role of the Different City Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Cagayan de Oro City



NEDA and

HLURB Region 10

CDPO Sectoral Committees/ TWG (multi-

stakeholders)

Local Development

Council

City Council

1. Organize Secretariat and main doer

2. Identify Stakeholders


3. Set the Vision TA* and resource group

Secretariat and participants

Participants in discussion and deliberation

Some members are participant


4. Analyze the situation

TA and resource group

Secretariat, participants and planning

Participants in discussion and deliberation, data provision






data provision

particularly those come from LGU department and line agencies







6. Establish Dev’t Thrusts and Spatial Strategies







TA Secretariat and main preparer





Some members are participant



TA Secretariat and resource group


Main doer


secretariat Review and approval at their level and endorsement to the City Council



Main implementer

Oversight





Oversight

*TA: Technical Assistance

b. Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment

Given the GIS mapping capability of the CPDO along the course of CLUP process, vulnerability and risk analysis were conducted based on the several hazards identified. Chapter 2 of the CLUP presented a comprehensive discussion of hazards particularly on hydro-meteorological. These are flooding, drought, rain-induced landslide and typhoon. Flooding scored highest threat to all development sectors. Tsunami, liquefaction and earthquake-induced landslide, considered as geologic hazards, were also subjected to analysis. Adaptation and mitigation measures were identified through a series of consultation workshops with various stakeholders. These adaptation and mitigation measures are to be included in the city’s DRRM Plan and LCCAP. c. Land Accounting and Land Use Area Allocation As mentioned earlier, there are two basic considerations in land accounting process undertaken in LGU land use planning; namely 1) the existing National Policies of the government and 2) existing hazards in the LGU particularly on geological and hydro-meteorological aspects. Some


of the pertinent national policies that influenced land accounting and land-use allocation regime that must be considered in the conduct of land-use planning exercise particularly in the determination of non-buildable and buildable area within Cagayan de Oro City can be found in Annex 6. The CPDO provided spatial data using GIS in the conduct of land accounting. Chapter 3 of the CLUP discussed land supply and the identification of land available through thematic mapping and overlay analysis. After deducting all development constraints within the city, available land for potential urban expansion were identified. However, it failed to account for the detailed process in the conduct of overlay analysis. Table 9 shows the general land use of Cagayan de Oro City. Table 9. General Land Use of Cagayan de Oro City

General land use categories Area (hectares) Percent to total

Agricultural 14,759.63 25.51

Forest 27,730.32 47.93

Tourism 1,167.34 2.02

Urban land-use 12,123.47 20.96

Roads, rivers and creeks 2,070.24 3.58

Total 57,851.00 100.00 Source CLUP 2013-2022

The urban land use in the year 2000 is at 7,714.50 based on the analysis conducted by the CPDO. In the current planning period (2013-2022), the urban land-use is placed at 12,123.47. Table 10 shows the itemized urban land-use categories.

Table 10. Urban Land-use of Cagayan de Oro City

Land use categories Area (hectares) Percent to total

Agro-industrial 1,189.11 9.81

Commercial 688.96 5.68

Industrial 284.81 3.07

Institutional 372.53 2.35

Open space/vacant land 325.00 2.68

Residential 9,183.19 75.75

Swamp/marshland 79.87 0.66

Total 12,123.47 100.00 Source CLUP 2013-2022

d. Zoning Development and Implementation

While the Zoning Ordinance put forward provision on the creation of the LZBA, the CPDO personnel during our consultation in Cagayan de Oro City mentioned that they still have to organize the LZBA to tackle issues relating to land uses and zoning of the city. This will be done after the final approval of the CLUP by the HLURB. Meanwhile application for locational clearance and zoning issues are acted upon by the Zoning Division and by the designated Zoning Officer who happens to be the City Planning Development Coordinator as well. As a tool in program and project implementation, the LDIP and AIP are not being maximized to realize a preferred urban form through Area Master Planning. This was also mentioned during the consultation meeting.


Land-use change monitoring is not consciously done, even though the CPDO has enough personnel and equipment on GIS mapping capability. Furthermore, the sharing of data, particularly planning data, is not a normal activity among the LGU’s key departments. e. Special Area Detailed Planning In the CLUP process, there were identified 5 growth areas in the City as shown in Table 11. Table 11. Growth Centers/Corridor and Influence Areas, Cagayan de Oro City

Growth Center/Corridor (Core Barangays) Barangays covered

Urban Expansion Area # 1 (Western Urban Development Area)

Bulua, Patag, Kauswagan, Bonbon and Bayabas

Urban Expansion Area #2 (West-Uptown Development Area)

Carmen, Canitoan, Lumbia and Pagatpat

Urban Expansion #3 (East-Uptown Development Area)

Gusa, Indahag, Macasandig and Camaman-an

Urban Expansion #4 (Eastern Urban Development Area)

Upper Puerto, Lower Puerto and Bugo, Agusan and Balubal, Palalan, Tablon

Urban Expansion Area #5 Downtown Development Area

Poblacion or CBD and Barangays Carmen, Lapasan, Puntod and Macabalan.


The identification of growth areas is a first step in Special Area Detailed Planning. However, in the CLUP process, it stops simply at allocation and designation of cluster areas into growth centers. Except for the portion of West-Uptown Development Area (portion of Lumbia), where the former Cagayan de Oro airport was located is being eyed for conversion into a mixed-use development area. That particular area was the subject of a study for a Planned City Extension (PCE) assisted by the United Nations. The PCE is basically an Area Plan but unfortunately still remain conceptual. More follow-on activities still have to be done to put it into the ground. Growth centers/areas are considered the center of the engines of growth. In the development of the CBD, densification is going-on particularly along the national road (Cagayan- Iligan corridor). Major establishments are located such as malls, hotels and even educational institution. It is also in this growth area where the city pier is located particularly at barangay Macabalan. Hence, traffic congestion in this growth area are a normal occurrence. The old poblacion had its traditional urban grid pattern with traffic connectivity but beyond that, the pattern of urban development is more linear. Most of the development occurs along major thoroughfares, particularly along the national highway. Various stakeholders also enumerated their urban woes: narrow roads, obstructed sidewalks (some city roads have no sidewalks), dead-ends, no access or very narrow access to internal lots, eyesores such as electrical and communication wires dangling in dangerous disarray above the streets, and slow-moving traffic as the new normal. There is a need to address the city’s physical image so that the city’s constituents and visitors will find it an ideal place for living, playing, and working. A Special Area Detailed Planning must be formulated to serve as a technical blueprint of interventions for the identified growth areas.


Technical Competency a. Registered Planning Professional/Competency Level While there are technical personnel who are qualified to take the examination, the city lacks a registered planning professional at the CPDO. These personnel have been with the CPDO for years handling planning, programming, project development and zoning functions and responsibilities. b. Other Related Professional/Competency level The CPDO have enough personnel with competency and skills in GIS operation. In fact, they are ones who were able to provide spatial analysis and mapping needs during the CLUP preparation. These particular skills must be continuously supported in order to provide the mapping requirements of the CPDO particularly in the conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning. Gap Analysis a. Institutional Capacity The legal institutional framework for Land Use Planning has been amply provided for in the Local Government Code, HLURB Guidebook and related issuances related to Land Use Planning. Indeed, planning exercise at the LGU has two dimension: political and technical. The political exercise come into play during the process of approval at the different levels; 1) at the Local Development Planning, 2) City Council and 3) at the Regional Development Council-RLUC and HLURB. At the Local Development Council level, it is important that its members must also immerse in the technical planning exercise at the Sectoral Committee or at the technical working group level so that when it comes to the deliberation of the plans, particularly on CLUP and plans of the LGU at the Local Development Council proper, they already knew beforehand the technical ramifications of the plan. Approval therefore is appropriately facilitated. The same is true with the members of the city council. While the city council is busy in legislative work of the city, it may be prudent also to once in a while immerse in the CLUP process and other planning exercise at the sectoral committee level to join in the technical discussion and deliberation of the city’s different plans. In this way the technical and political are intertwine in the planning exercise. b. Capacity in Work Coverage The CPDO is responsible in the CLUP preparation, however there is a need to provide technical knowledge in Special Area Detailed Planning. Providing these competencies to the CPDO will greatly enhance Area Detailed Planning and Urban Design particularly in those areas identified as growth centers. The Area Detailed Plan will serve as basis for specific infrastructure planning requirement such as circulation networks, drainage and sewerage and other utilities needed. c. Competency/Capability of Technical Personnel Following the passage of the Republic Act No. 10587, An Act Regulating the Practice of Environmental Planning, there is a need to level-up the competency of the qualified personnel at the CPDO by way of taking the examination. A technical assistance through the conduct of review class may be provided to these qualified personnel.


Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations Some of the recommendations or proposed interventions to strengthen Urban Planning and development capability for Cagayan de Oro City are: a. Conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning The CLUP identified five growth areas as center of sustained economic growth of the city. These areas, however, also pose challenges in terms of traffic, pollution and other issues related to urban development. Cagayan de Oro City also has a plan to relocate the LGU government center to the old Lumbia airport. While the city is waiting for the final approval of the CLUP, the CPDO may initiate to revisit the PCE and specific action plan has to be made to push its implementation. A city council action might be necessary to adopt the plan and legislate ordinance to reserve portion of land area for road and circulation development. This may also include areas allocated for institutional purposes. PCE might be a good take-off point and pilot test for the conduct of Detailed Area Planning for other identified growth areas. In the conduct of Area Master Planning, the following must be considered in Urban Designing:

Lot parcel and property information and the conduct of social preparation activities for Area Detailed Planning;

Connectivity and circulation pattern within and outside the growth area;

Design of utilities placement (above ground or underground);

Allocation of parks as open spaces. This could be of multi-functional open spaces such as re-charge areas;

Mixed-use development and compact urban design which optimize the used of green technologies to reduce risk, mitigate and improve climate resiliency;

Identification of visual corridors;

Consider inclusive urban development by proper allocation of space for the urban poor residence;

Consider strategy such as land swapping, land consolidation, land banking and even Transfer of Development Rights particular in established growth center master planned for urban renewal (brownfield areas); and

Consideration to the introduction of Transit Oriented Development. Cagayan de Oro as a major gateway in northern Mindanao has experience urban growth in past several years but its transport system within the city relies heavily on jeepneys, taxi and tricycles. These public mode of transport are becoming more of a problem in terms of traffic and source of mobile pollution. It is in context that Transit Oriented Development strategy will have to be studied for its possibility of adoption in the near future.

b. Forest Land-Use Plan and Integrated Coastal Resource Management Plan Integration Cagayan de Oro has seven watershed areas and most of these areas are classified as Forest Land. As part of the agreement between DENR and DILG, the city must prepare and FLUP with the technical guidance of the DENR. A draft FLUP has been prepared and needs to be finalized and have it approved by the City Council and DENR.


An ICRMP is another important plan for coastal and marine areas particularly for the municipal waters. The plan also include proposal for municipal water zonation. The draft ICRMP prepared by the city needs to be finalized and approved. After approval of the said plans (FLUP and ICRMP), the zonation part of the plans must be integrated into the Zoning Ordinance in order to have an Integrated Zoning Ordinance of the City following the ridge to reef concept. c. Capacity for Land-use change monitoring particularly on urban land Land-use change monitoring needs to be developed and institutionalized particularly at the CPDO. The CPDO has good GIS capability but it needs information from City Engineering Office and Assessors to effect a land-use change monitoring. A platform of data sharing mechanism must be established among offices of the LGUs, particularly also those data necessary for planning, project implementation, monitoring and regulation enforcement. d. Conduct of continuing capability building on the following:

Mechanism for data sharing and capability for land-use change monitoring using GIS and other mapping technology;

Assistance to CPDO selected personnel for the professionalization in the practice of environmental planning; and

Organization and capacitation of the LZBA. After the final CLUP approval by the HLURB, the CPDO must initiate the formation of the Board. Besides to comply with the provision of the Local Government Code, the Board is necessary for the City to have an appropriate mechanism to tackle and address land use and zoning related issues at their level.

4. Infrastructure Planning Capability Institutional Capacity in Infrastructure Planning

a. Legal and Institutional Enabling Mechanism Cagayan de Oro has a city planning and development officer and a city engineer but it does not have a city architect. b. Inter-and Intra-Departmental Relationships The Cagayan de Oro CPDO is responsible for issuance of zoning clearance, preliminary approval and locational clearance including development permits for subdivisions. Under the City Planning and Development Office are Planning, Project Evaluation, and Project Development Divisions. Under the Planning Division Are Subdivision and Zoning Sections. Technical requirements for subdivisions are in accordance with HLURB Guidelines. However, there is a perception that existing HLURB guidelines may not be adequate for Development Control. Cagayan de Oro has a Building Official office, in charge of implementing the Building Code, separate from the Office of the City Engineer. The primary function of the city engineer is to plan, coordinate, and supervise the construction, maintenance, and improvement of roads, bridges and other infrastructure projects. H/She is also responsible for the technical evaluation of development plans for approval of the city council. The delineation of the function of the building official and the city engineer, though a deviation from the strict interpretation of the Local Government Code, should provide the necessary focus for each office to fulfill its respective mandate.


Infrastructure Planning Work Capacity The goals and objectives of the city are set forth in the city’s CDP. As an investment-enabling city, Cagayan de Oro City aims to provide infrastructure facilities and utility support. Each infrastructure component starts with the subsector goals and objectives culled from the recent CDP. It is noteworthy that Cagayan de Oro City prepared its own CLUP and CDP merely with technical assistance from other government agencies without hiring private consultants. Five growth areas were identified in CLUP. Detailed Area Master Plan for the growth areas are yet to be formulated with their supporting infrastructure network. a. Water Supply System and Sewerage Cagayan de Oro City aims to improve water production capacity in order to serve other areas and for future demand. The city also aims to provide adequate supply of potable water, and to enhance sewerage system. The city draws its water both from ground water (about 80 percent) and surface water (about 20 percent) source for its water supply. The city is served by Cagayan de Oro Water District, which serves 80 percent of the households. Low water pressure is still being experienced in the city. Water supply is generally better on the West side which has surface ground water supply (from bulk water supplier) compared to the East side which is more dependent on ground water. Existing pipelines are built in the 70’s. Non-revenue water is estimated to be at 40 percent. The Cagayan de Oro Water District is assisted by MIA and JICA for its service improvement. The use of Cagayan de Oro River as a potential source of water for irrigation, domestic water supply and energy source should be considered. Based on the CDP, Typhoon Sendong damaged the main water distribution line in 2011. Based on the consultation with the City Water District, it was clarified that booster pumps located below the maximum flood-water elevation were damaged. Cagayan de Oro Water District recognized this vulnerability and re-located their booster pumps above the estimated maximum flood level. The city has yet to establish a sewage treatment facility, while the septage management ordinance has not yet been passed. b. Drainage System The city aims to provide natural flood abatement facilities, and to develop and enhance drainage and sewerage system. Flooding was identified as a major hazard in Cagayan de Oro City which was evident during the 2011 Typhoon Sendong. River banks have not been adequately defined and settlements were established within the flood plain. The national government is implementing a river channel improvement project: Flood Risk Management for Cagayan de Oro River Project for JICA Financing by 2017. There is also a DPWH diversion project in Puregold-Agora area intended to reduce flooding. However, these projects are national government projects and could not be used to measure the infrastructure planning and implementation capability of the city. The lack of adequate drainage system is a particular concern as a large part of the city, which used to be a swampy area is now a developed area. The location of the Limketkai Mall and the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTSP), based on the


consultation used to be a swampy area. The city should, therefore, develop a drainage Master Plan in coordination with the Cagayan de Oro River Basin Improvement Project of the DPWH. c. Solid Waste Management System There is a need to ensure effective solid waste disposal in the city. When it rains, uncollected waste runs into the creek as runoff. This is further aggravated by informal settlements along the creeks. Particular areas cited as problematic were the Agora area and Barangay 26. As part of the Environmental Management Plan, Sitio Bugo and Sitio Pagalungan were identified by the Mines and Geoscience Bureau (MGB) as possible sites for the proposed sanitary landfill. d. Transport System The goal is to improve existing and develop road network to hasten development in new growth areas in the hinterland barangays. A national road passes through Cagayan de Oro City, linking Butuan City in the East to Iligan City in the West. Another primary road links Cagayan de Oro City to Bukidnon. Main access to the city is still through the primary road, C.M. Recto Avenue, and with rapid development in the area, such as the construction of malls such as Ayala Centrio and Limketkai, traffic congestion in the area is beginning to be felt. Upon completion of SM City Cagayan de Oro 2, which is currently under construction, the traffic could be expected to get worse. The city is aware of the worsening traffic problem. The completion of the proposed coastal road could help alleviate the traffic problem. The need for farm to market roads was raised during the consultation though it was recognized that urban roads is the priority. e. Power System The goal is to ensure reliability and sustainability of power supply (power generation and distribution) and come up with a renewable energy program. About 60 percent of the city’s power requirement comes from hydro and coal power plants. Power supply according to CEPALCO is adequate and they have the power demand projection. The potential use of Cagayan de Oro River as a source of energy could be studied. f. Climate Change Adaptation System Cagayan de Oro City recognized its vulnerability to climate change particularly the effect of flooding. While measures are being done at the national government level such as the Cagayan de Oro River Basin Improvement Project, the city is also able to implement climate change adaptation measures at its own level. Through the partnership of the project’s City Engineering Office, City DRRM Office, the United Nations (UN) and some schools, a linear park with access road has been constructed with semi-impermeable pavement along Bitan-ag creek. Clean-up by Hapsay Sapa (Clean Creek) team has also been going on for the past two years. Efforts are also continuing to rehabilitate the creek up to its source and expand the project to Gaabucayan and Recto. The city has also identified the need to construct retention basins in its CDP. It has already identified the Gaisano Mall, Limketkai Mall and USTSP area as a possible site. It also plans to require developers to provide retention basins to delay discharge of surface run-off to existing waterways.


The city experienced a storm surge in January 2009 in Barangay Gusa. To date, the city has still no flood protection system or storm protection/flood control project. Gaps Analysis a. Institutional Capacity The city lacks coordination with some of the national government projects. This is evident, for instance, in the turn-over in the DILG’s Regional Cities Development Project and the design elevation of bridges and river bank protection implemented by the national government. Lots within the flood plain were titled on the basis of the Accretion Law. Structures built on these properties were severely damaged by Typhoon Sendong in 2011. While most of these areas were declared danger zones, it is recommended to review the granting of lot titles on the basis of the Accretion Law. b. Capacity in Work Coverage Among the strategies recommended in CLUP to address the identified gaps in infrastructure are:

Provision, rehabilitation and establishment of quality infra-support (river dikes, protection wall, upgraded drainage canal)

Provision of retaining walls/flood control dikes

Formulation of Comprehensive Drainage Master Plan

Improvement of river channel

Improvement of road network

Establishment of by-pass roads

“Pedestrianization” (walk-only zoning) of the Divisoria area and the establishment of bicycle lanes

Establishment of sewerage system The recommended strategies signify Cagayan de Oro City’s understanding of the present infrastructure gaps. What are apparently still lacking are the system plans.

Transport Master Plan. Additional road requirements were identified in the CDP based on the road/population ratio of 2.4 km/ 1000 populations. There were also plans to acquire additional right of way to connect main thoroughfares. Road construction were not yet identified. Analysis of road network system supported by traffic studies could provide a better identification of the road requirements to ease the traffic. A transport master plan could help address the traffic problem of the city. The proposed pedestrianization of Divisoria area and establishment of bicycle lanes should be harmonized with the transport master plan. Based on the consultation, there used to be a transportation plan in the 70’s but it has not been updated since then. The CDP proposed the construction of 710.172 km of road by 2013 and 291.23 km of road by 2017 from the base figure of 623.28 km of urban road in 2010. The effectiveness of the proposed road construction projects can be better evaluated if there is a road network system master plan.

Drainage Master Plan. Flooding has been identified as a major hazard to the city. Construction of additional drainage system has been proposed in the CDP. There were also proposals to acquire additional right of way to connect the drainage. However, the recommended strategy itself acknowledged the need for formulation of a Comprehensive Drainage Master Plan. Hence, a hydrology study would be necessary. There is an on-


going study for the Cagayan de Oro River Basin though this is being undertaken by DPWH. Coordination with other LGUs and Regional Offices would be necessary to control siltation from upland areas.

Water Distribution System. The experience on the stoppage of water supply during Typhoon Sendong manifests the need for an improved water distribution system. High Non-Revenue Water could also be addressed by improving the water distribution system. Redundancy in the system could be introduced to prevent the occurrence of what happened during Typhoon Sendong in 2011.

Sewerage System. The city has no sewerage system and construction of sewage treatment plant is proposed to protect ground water source as well.

Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations New private sector-led development projects have been completed. The increase in incidence of flooding and traffic has also been observed. Development controls pertaining to storm water management and traffic impact should, therefore, be reviewed. The city could be assisted in the conduct of the review of these development controls. The city recognizes that flooding is a major threat and should be addressed. While the national government has an on-going project related to the Cagayan de Oro River Basin, there should be a coordinated effort on the part of the city to improve its drainage system. There still seems to be some gaps in the city’s capability to design and implement a Comprehensive Drainage Master Plan. Reducing storm-water flow and designing adequate drainage system should be addressed. While the issue of traffic is partly being addressed by the construction of a coastal road, a Transport Master Plan should be prepared and the review of the adequacy of the present road system should be done. Coordination efforts with national government agencies in the implementation of national government projects in the city should be strengthened. The city could be assisted in preparing the TOR for hiring of consultants for the study.

5. GIS System Integration Capability

This section on GIS contains excerpts from the SURGE Project’s more extensive stand-alone reports on the Assessment of GIS for CDI cities. The excerpts included here focus on climate-resilient land use and infrastructure planning capabilities. GIS Institutional Capacity The findings in the GIS institutional capacity of Cagayan de Oro City are as follows:

There is no existing department or office in the city government mandated to ensure a city-wide GIS implementation. While there is an Executive Order to institutionalize the ICT Office, its operationalization has been put on hold pending pertinent action or approval from the City Council.

The absence of permanent positions for GIS-related tasks, such as generating geospatial data, also needs to be re-evaluated and updated if necessary.

There is no identified senior champion who pushes for the GIS agenda in the executive committee of the city government.


Years after the passage of the plan, the approval of the ISSP is still pending at the City Council, causing constraints in the implementation of programs and projects as indicated in the plan. Furthermore, the ISSP needs to be updated since the planning period covers only until the year 2016.

Data creation and management standards and practices differ from one department to another. Standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, updating and securing data and information are not yet in place. Furthermore, standards and protocols for GIS implementation is non-existent.

The current “informal” system of relationships and agreements between individuals cannot effectively cope with the management of a large and growing volume of data and the requisite regular maintenance and updating.


The current situation of GIS implementation in Cagayan de Oro City was presented based on the results of the assessment. Issues and gaps which hinder GIS implementation were highlighted during the presentation. A self-assessment activity was also conducted to affirm the results presented. The assessment activity asked participants to evaluate the capability of their own department based on the same parameters used to assess the institutional capacity of Cagayan de Oro City in implementing a sustainable GIS. Participants were grouped into three clusters (Land Use Planning, Infrastructure Planning, Fiscal Management) to encourage discussion among departments in the same cluster and serve as critique to the self-assessment. The participants weigh each component based on the importance its implementation of GIS in Cagayan de Oro City. The participants agreed on a priority scale and allotted 30 percent weight on institutional capacity; 25 percent on technical competency; 20 percent on data; 15 percent on hardware; and 10 percent software and systems. Using these agreed weights, the total weighted score for all the five GIS components for the Cagayan de Oro City is 1.89. This indicates that the city finds itself having a limited capacity in terms of existing resources to implement and streamline GIS. The low rating may also be translated as an increasing awareness for the need for GIS in the city’s operations. This rating may also be seen as an assertion that the city government should initiate improvements to create a suitable environment for GIS implementation. Serious efforts must be made to structure the legal and institutional arrangements and build the required databases as foundations toward full GIS implementation. To ensure its sustainability, investments must also be made to capacitate the technical staff and equip them with the GIS-ICT hardware and software requirements needed to efficiently and effectively perform their day-to-day functions. The GIS capacity score and the validation activity will inform the formulation of the Strategic Guide for Sustainable GIS Implementation for Cagayan de Oro City (Table 12).


Table 12. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders, Cagayan de Oro City (Dakis, 2016)

Component Cagayan de Oro City

CAS AW



Data 2.00 20%

Hardware 1.70 15%

Software 1.45 10%

GIS Capacity Score 1.89 Note: CAS – Capacity Score of Stakeholder Self-Assessment Survey AW – Allocated Weight based on Stakeholder Consultation

As shown in Figure 2, GIS capacity scores vary depending on the perceived importance of GIS components through assigning weights. Across all cities, legal and institutional capacity were deemed most important in establishing, facilitating, and implementing a sustainable GIS within their city. Data and technical competency were considered to be more important than hardware and software/systems to support GIS implementation. A detailed discussion of GIS capacity needs assessment results is presented in the GIS Capacity Profile of each city.

Figure 2. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Cagayan de Oro

GIS Capability Building Strategies: Recommendations Although the objective of the GIS-CNA was to determine barriers in GIS implementation, it has been comprehended that it is far more effective to start with realistic strategies and specific programs and projects than to address all issues all at once. During the GIS Validation Workshop, the GIS clusters agreed on the following strategies to ensure the sustainable implementation of GIS in the City Government of Cagayan de Oro:

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

INSTITUTIONALCAPACITY

DATA TECHNICALCOMPETENCY

HARDWARE SOFTWARE /SYSTEMS

LAND USE PLANNING CLUSTER

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT CLUSTER

FISCAL MANAGEMENT CLUSTER

CITY GOVERNMENT OF CAGAYAN DE ORO


GIS Strategy No. 1: Establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a sustainable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation.

Institutionalize ICT as a separate department with mandated functions related to sustainable GIS-ICT planning and implementation through an Executive Order approved by the Sanggunian Panlungsod (SP).

Identify department head/s that will serve as senior champion (Mr. Glenn Bañez, City Treasurer) and a Technical Coordinating Committee that will push and support GIS implementation. Institutionalize role of senior champion/s and coordinating committee through an Executive Order approved by SP.

Update the existing ISSP which cover programs and projects that will support sustainable GIS-ICT implementation.

Develop a Data Management Operations Manual which includes data standards and a data management plan to generate an inventory of available data in City Government of Cagayan de Oro, data requirements of departments, strategies to support data acquisition, data management, maintenance and security.

Develop a GIS-ICT Operations Manual which includes standards and protocols that will govern operations and maintenance of GIS-ICT resources.

Develop data and information sharing protocols that govern the way transactions are undertaken between the departments and with other (external) organizations.

Establish partnerships with the Academe through a Memorandum of Agreement with provisions for internship programs, research and development, among others.

GIS Strategy No. 2: Establish a Centralized Geographic Information Management System as envisioned in the ISSP

Development of the CGIMS Platform and Infrastructure (including network infrastructure, hardware, software, among others)

Development of monitoring and reporting or Executive Information System in CGIMS

Development of CGIMS database: Building Inventory

Development of CGIMS database: Updating of Land Use/Zoning datasets/Planning datasets

Development of CGIMS database: Updating of the Parcel dataset

Development of CGIMS database: Roads and Bridges Information System

Development of CGIMS database: Drainage System dataset

Development of CGIMS database: Natural Resource Mapping (datasets)

Development of CGIMS database: Acquisition of LiDAR data and its derivatives

Development of CGIMS database: Electric Post Geo-tagging

Applicability Study on linking the Cagayan de Oro Web Platform & Infrastructure with CGIMS

Applicability Study on linking existing systems such as the Business Permits and Licensing System, Field Appraisal and Assessment Sheet, RPTAS etc. with CGIMS databases


Basic GIS Training

Customized GIS Training for Data Collection Techniques

Intermediate and Advanced GIS Training based on each department needs

Ocular Visits: Benchmarking to cities with advanced GIS to see best practices

Regular Internship Program


Capacity Building Program on Policy Formulation (GIS-ICT) GIS Strategy No. 4: Enhance Hardware Capability by acquiring of required GIS-ICT hardware for GIS Implementation and ensuring linkages of all departments to a city-wide network.

Include GIS-ICT requirements for CGIMS such as workstations, servers, network infrastructure and data collection hardware in the ISSP

GIS Strategy No. 5: Develop a two-tiered GIS software solution, where appropriate FOSS4G GIS software is explored and adopted as software for departments without GIS while departments using proprietary GIS software are also provided institutional support

Download/Install QGIS.

Identify Applicable Open-Source Software for data collection, creation & analysis functions (Applicability Study).

GIS Strategy No. 6: Formulate an Information, Education and Communication Campaign Program that will enhance awareness and appreciation to the relevance and use of GIS

Conduct a “Hackathon”

Involve/Partner Barangay Council on Emergency Response Mapping including Capacity Building

GIS information Dissemination Campaign about Barangay Clearance and other permit issuance in all barangays

Conduct annual PR activity showcasing GIS: exhibit, open house, outreach

6. Proposed LUIGIS Capability Building Interventions for Cagayan de Oro City: Recommendations

The findings and recommendations for Cagayan de Oro City is consolidated and simplified into a Summary in Table 13.

Table 13. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Cagayan de Oro City


Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues

Recommendations/ Interventions

Land Use Planning

Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Cagayan de Oro City.












Conduct training on GIS operation on following modalities: in-house house and hands-on based on the existing GIS software of the LGUs; conduct intensive classroom type GIS training for selected CPDO preferably permanent personnel

LGU to comply for the operationalization of Sec 106-113 of the LGC for the



Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues




elected official continuously participate in planning



Integration of FLUP and ICRMP

FLUP and ICRMP not yet integrated into the CLUP

CENRO to finalize the FLUP and ICRMP in coordination with concerned national line agencies

Integration of a Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) and an Integrated Coastal Resource Management Plan into the CLUP and to the Zoning Ordinance


Vulnerability and Risk Analysis conducted given different hazards of the City

Adaptation and mitigation measures such as relocation areas need to be further subjected to analysis for its suitability for housing and residential use

CPDO to conduct further analysis on the identified areas for relocation sites to ascertain its suitability

Provide continuous science-based info on particularly on hydro-met hazard and this should be included in the sieve analysis for the determination of buildable areas for the city





Conduct further analysis of potential buildable land for urban expansion with hazard and risk data considered utilizing a suggested land classification framework




LZBA not active


LZBA need to be organized, capacitated and institutionalized

Organized LZBA and provide appropriate capacity building


Five (5) growth areas for Cagayan de Oro City

No detailed planning done for priority growth areas; urban development pattern chaotic; uncontrolled development along highways/national roads


PCE output need to be revisited and follow-on activities must be formulated as part of the Special Area Detailed Planning

CPDO must maximize the LDIP/AIP to propose projects and allocate funds on the actual conduct of Special Are Detailed Planning


Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Cagayan de Oro City.



No system plans such as drainage master plan,

Assist the LGU in the preparation of TORs in the



Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues


City Planning and Development Office prepares city development plan and approves development permits


Office of the Architect to do architectural plan and design; no such office in Cagayan de Oro City

CDO has a separate Office for Building Official and City Engineer

transport master plan, sewerage system plan



Need for better coordination between the National Government and local government for nationally funded projects such as flood control project

Lots within the flood plain were given titles by virtue of Accretion Law

preparation of detailed system plans

Assist the LGU in the review of Development Controls for commercial establishments as an example

Institutional arrangement to review granting of land titles by virtue of Accretion Law


Water supply from surface ground water for the West part of the city is generally better compared to the East side which is dependent on ground water source

Non-Revenue Water is estimated to be at 40%

Typhoon Sendong damaged booster pumps located below flood water elevation

No sewerage plan

No clear program for service coverage expansion; COWD should be able to project water demand especially in view of large scale development in the city

Low water pressure being experienced in the city

Cagayan de Oro Water District does not presently seem to have personnel who could do sewerage system design

Use of Cagayan de Oro River as a source for water for irrigation, domestic water, and energy supply should be considered


Drainage System

Flooding in areas particularly near the Cagayan de Oro River and major creeks

Flashfloods in major thoroughfares such as Recto Avenue

In 2011, Typhoon Sendong caused flooding in most parts of the city; overflowing of the Cagayan de Oro River


Need for hydrologic /drainage study for the city


Prepare assistance to LGU in the preparation of drainage master plan for the urban center


Garbage problem in informal settlement areas

Sitio Bugo and Sitio Pagalungan as possible sites for the Proposed Sanitary Landfill

Sanitary landfill yet to be constructed

Possible assistance in the development of TOR for bidding of sanitary landfill project

Resettlement of informal settlers

Transport System

Outer lanes of roads being used as parking spaces

Increased traffic that could be attributed to recently completed development projects


Need for alternate roads

Need to identify locations for parking buildings



Review of the road network as part of the Transport Master Plan

Develop incentives for parking buildings; This could be tied with possible use of parking buildings as temporary areas of refuge during emergencies such as flooding



Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues


Develop a harmonized Comprehensive Transport Plan

Power System

60% of the energy supply comes from hydro and coal sources

Power supply according to CEPALCO is adequate

Surface water could be tapped as a source of energy and to reduce flooding

Feasibility of tapping Cagayan de Oro River as a source for irrigation, domestic water and energy


Rehabilitation and protection of Cagayan de Oro Riverbanks

Linear park development along Bitan-ag creek

DPWH diversion project in Puregold-Agora area

Identified the need to construct water retention basins in areas such as Gaisano Mall, Limketkai Mall, and USTSP


Government facilities have yet to adopt measures such as the use of water retention basins to reduce storm water run-off; Use water retention basins could also be required as a Development Control measure

Need for proper coordination with National Agencies in the implementation of national projects


Siltation control of Cagayan de Oro River in upland areas which would require coordination with other LGUs or Regional offices


Use of water retention basins in government properties / facilities or private developments

Use of rain-harvesting facilities


Entries here are based on this Report and the Geographic Information System Capacity Profile and the Strategic Guide to Sustainable GIS Implementation for Cagayan de Oro City. The entries in the Current State are the results of the Self-Assessment Tool by clusters. The Tool Score Guide is listed in the GIS Section.




No established IT Office; EO in place but operationalization of hold pending approval of Council

Absence of permanent positions for GIS-related tasks

Absence of senior champion to push GIS agenda

Information Systems Strategy Plan (ISSP) for 2013-2015 pending and needs to be updated

Data creation and management standards and practices including protocols for GIS Implementation varies between departments

No formal system in place to manage data

Establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a sustainable GIS-Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in strategic planning and implementation.




Minimal existing inventory of data sets,

Only CPDO and Assessors Office have geospatial data sets

Limited capacity in data resource management;

Establish a Centralized Geographic Information Management System (CGIMS) as envisioned in the city’s Information Systems Strategy Plan (ISSP).



Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues


manual filing system still utilized

Lack of central storage and back-up system





Only CPDO have GIS related extensive and formal training

Deficient concern and competency in GIS Integration



Infrastructure Cluster Score:1.56

Minimum requirements for GIS integration barely met; other key agencies (4) below minimum

No data gathering hardware; not in acquisition list

Limited inter-departmental network connectivity

Existing ICT network infrastructure not fully optimized.




Only CPDO with licensed GIS Software

Limited licenses of GIS-related software inhibit full use of technology


GIS Capacity Score

General LGU Score: 1.89 The above in GIS are entered here in general terms, for specifics refer to list in GIS Section Report.

C. Iloilo City

1. Introduction Iloilo City is nestled at the southeastern corner of Panay Island, occupying a 21-kilometer coastline fronting Guimaras Strait. A large part of Iloilo’s substrate is reclaimed land, most of which were undertaken during a period of urbanization and industrialization in the late 19th century. The city’s coastline has a full standard-capacity port and arrastre3 facilities located at two strategic areas. Due to its accessibility and modern conveniences, the city has become a gateway to modern tourist destinations. The world famous Boracay Island is only a five-hour bus ride away from Iloilo while the island province of Guimaras, known for its white sand beaches and world’s

3 Arrastre refers to the operation of receiving, conveying, and loading or unloading merchandise on piers or wharves.


sweetest mangoes, is only three kilometers across a deep sea channel or 15-minute boat ride from Parola Terminal. Iloilo City rests at the periphery of the largest marshland in Western Visayas, sitting on a flat alluvial plain making it flood prone by natural design. The city’s geography is typical of coastal marshes and mangrove forests. The riverfront properties face the highest flood risk. There are four water courses providing the city with natural drainage: (1) the Jaro River, which is fed by its tributary rivers, Aganan and Tigum, passes by the flood plains of the Jaro and La Paz districts; (2) the Batiano River; (3) the Dungon Creek; and (4) the 16-kilometer Iloilo River estuary. These rivers cut across the heart of the city separating the districts of the City Proper, Molo and Arevalo from the rest of the city and emphasizes a rich ecosystem in a modern and highly-urbanized city. Within Iloilo City alone, these rivers stretch over 113 kilometers. The Tigum-Aganan Watershed’s natural topography ranges from mountains to flood and coastal plains, covering a total area of 434 square kilometers. Land use is generally described as mountain environment or upland forest for the municipalities of Maasin, Alimodian, and Leon; lowland area for Cabatuan, Santa Barbara, San Miguel, Pavia, and Oton; and coastal/sea environment for Iloilo City and Oton (Salas, Tigum Aganan Watershed Case Study, No year). Its two major rivers are the Tigum and Aganan Rivers, which combine as the Jaro River before draining into the ocean. The Tigum River is the primary source for 73 percent of the total water supplied by the Metro Iloilo Water District to its franchise area; while the Aganan River is the major source of irrigation water supplied by the National Irrigation Administration to farmers in the Tigum-Aganan Watershed. The land configuration of the city is almost flat. Its slope category is 0 percent to 3 percent, meaning that on the average, for every 100 m-stretch of land, there is an average elevation of 0.5 m. The lowest portion of land in the city is located in Barangay Balabago, District of Jaro. The climate of Iloilo City is monsoonal and consists of two pronounced seasons: dry season from January to April and wet season during the rest of the year. The land of Iloilo City is of recent alluvial deposits. The surface soil is black to dark brown in color, moderately coarse, granular and highly plastic clay. The lower stratum is brown silt loam, friable without stones or gravel. The relief is level lowland where the drainage conditions are fair to poor. The soil map of Iloilo City exhibits soil types ideal for agriculture and not inherently stable to hold up medium to tall buildings (six floors or higher) without special engineering interventions. 2. City Challenges in Urban Resilience Iloilo City is a floodplain that is made up by about 90 percent of its total landmass with a low elevation of 2.63 meters above sea level. The low-lying characteristics of Iloilo City make it vulnerable not only to flooding but also to perennial inundation. The 1994 typhoon caused 80 percent of the city to be submerged in water. Based on records, this flooding and inundation occurred after unusually heavy monsoon rains for three days from July 29 to August 1, 1994 at an average daily rainfall of 319 millimeters or a total rainfall of 629 millimeters. In 2007, Typhoon Frank caused Iloilo City to be inundated and flooded by flashfloods that came from the Maasin Watershed. The floodwaters surged their way down through narrow tributaries and unto the Aganan and Tigum Rivers and eventually overflowing into almost the entire floodplains of the city’s Jaro District. Heavy rainfall events at that time caused the huge volume of cascading waters from the watershed’s tributaries to erode denuded river embankments along the way.


Collapsed embankments and eroded lands felled trees that were subsequently swept by the strong river currents unto the footings of bridges downstream, creating a “damming” effect and holding water momentarily. The bridges eventually broke down as extreme pressure of the rising waters forced the water and floating trees and debris to further cascade down to the city downstream. The construction of the Jaro Floodway Channel project, which is a component of the Iloilo Flood Control Project, and yet to be completed at the time the 2007 flashfloods occurred. The Iloilo Flood Control Project’s other components, on river and drainage system improvement, were also not functional so the build-up of silt and garbage in the city’s old drainage pipes and canals further aggravated the failure of the drainage system. The failure of the drainage system in Iloilo City was caused by the following:

failure of drainage lines in carrying run-off to their outfalls due to: o build-up of silt and garbage and other debris inside pipes and canals o obsolescence of small diameter-pipes that were originally designed for a smaller

catchment area o broken drainage lines that totally prevented flow o flow failure by a drainage line that was built by a neighboring barangay with a higher o elevation that was not reckoned against the line’s outfall elevation

increased volume of run-off generated by a large paved area of a development project;

blockage of outfalls and receiving waterbodies by the build-up of settlements;

loss of canals, tributaries and natural waterways by indiscriminate reclamations/landfilling;

possible results of a sea level rise; and

possible soil subsidence that sunk drainage line elevations. The recent World Wildlife Fund for Nature study reveals that Iloilo City will be exposed to all six climate scenarios such as: El Niño southern oscillation events, sea surface temperatures, ocean acidification, sea level rise, intense tropical cyclones and extreme rainfall, river flow and flooding. To address these challenges, Iloilo City can be assisted to: 1. Plan and implement affordable flood mitigation and drainage improvement projects in the rest

of the city’s other districts to support the big-ticket engineering solutions like the Iloilo Flood Control Project appears to be a significant help in alleviating the flooding and inundation problems at a substantial portion of the city.

2. Implement non-engineering solutions like a city wide clean-up of drainage pipes and canals, proper garbage disposal and more coordinated construction of barangay drainage systems.

3. Encourage rainwater harvesting can also be helpful in reducing storm water run-off from buildings and structures.

4. Sustain home-based and community-based efforts that would result in more sustainable low-cost flood mitigation and drainage management measures.

The city-wide consultation on the city’s Climate Change Vulnerability Adaptation Assessment was held last November 11-12, 2013 and the CCA-DRR mainstreaming in the CDP workshop in November 20-22, 2013. Various stakeholders were able to raise a list of climate change-related concerns and recommendations to improve the city’s resilience and adaptability to climate change and disasters.


The city has also to contend with the following human-induced hazards to assure its urban resiliency. a. Saltwater Intrusion Based on feedbacks from coastal barangays and communities in the poorer residential neighborhoods in the city, groundwater at these areas is now contaminated with saltwater. Residents complained that individual and public wells (shallow and deep wells) now taste with salty compared to previous years. Many describe it as “matayam” and not fit for drinking. Although no one can pinpoint the real causes of such saltwater intrusion, many suspect that the over-extraction of groundwater by commercial water dealers in the city contribute to the hazard. Such was the complaints by residents in a Mandurriao barangay against a commercial water dealer whose excessive pumping activities was subsequently stopped by the city government authorities. It is believed that when the rate of the extraction is greater than the rate at which underground streams are able to replenish itself a resulting negative pressure forces saltwater to be sucked in, hence the saltwater intrusion. This particular hazard is considered medium. b. Groundwater Contamination A study made on the deep wells located around the Calajunan Dumpsite in Mandurriao in 1998 (as a requirement for the issuance of a DENR Environmental Compliance Certificate for the Calajunan Sanitary Landfill Project) revealed traces of heavy metals in several of the wells. This particular hazard is considered high. c. Fire The city is also vulnerable to fire. Historical accounts reveal that the most affected areas are usually the densely-packed communities of informal settlers whose housing structures are largely made up of scrap wood, bamboo, nipa and other combustible materials. These light materials are quick to catch fire especially during the dry months of summer. Poor neighborhoods that rely partly on candles and gas-fed and kerosene lamps have been known to experience fires caused by households that poorly handled these fire-inducing lamps. Narrow roads and obstructed alleys that are common at densely populated areas further increased the vulnerabilities of these communities and barangays to incidence of fire. 3. Land Use Planning Capability

This part of the report assesses the land use planning capabilities of the city in the different land use planning levels and aspects; identifies the gaps and presents its recommendations. Land-Use Planning Work Capacity a. Comprehensive Land Use Planning Iloilo City revised their CLUP in 2011 with another planning period of 10 years (2011-2020) with a vision that is, Iloilo City: A Premier City by 2015.

The crafting of the vision was conducted through a series of multi-stakeholder workshops facilitated by the Institute of Solidarity in Asia (ISA) in August 2005. The vision was officially adopted by Sanggunian Panlungsod thru a Resolution No. 2006-453. The same vision was adopted and guide the revision of the successor CLUP for the planning period (2011-2020).


Before the revision of the current CLUP, the city engaged the services of consulting firm, Palafox Associates, to conduct a review and evaluation of the previous CLUP. The results and findings of the review serves as input in the preparation of the successor CLUP. The preparation of the successor CLUP was basically done in-house. Multi-stakeholders’ participation as mechanism in preparing the CLUP was adhered in compliance to Local Government Code and HLURB Guidelines. A series of workshops and consultation were conducted along the process of plan revision.

The CPDO serves as secretariat and leading unit in the CLUP preparation process and actively gathered planning data from different LGU Departments and from the line agencies. It ably coordinated with the different sectors to participate in the series of workshops conducted. Table 14 shows the role of the CPDO and other stakeholders involved in CLUP preparation. Table 14. Role of Various Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Iloilo City



CPDO Sectoral Committees/ TWG (multi-

stakeholders)

Local Development

Council

City Council




3. Set the Vision Vision was simply adopted from the output of the previous visioning workshop facilitated by ISA in 2005





Secretariat, participants and provision of planning data

Participants in the discussion and deliberation Data provisions




Secretariat, facilitator, participants, planning data provision and resource group





Secretariat, facilitator, participants, planning data provision and resource group





Secretariat and main preparer










Main doer








Main implementer Oversight


Secretariat and main

doer in the internal

monitoring and

evaluation of CLUP and

Zoning Ordinance

Review and evaluation of the previous CLUP was conducted by a second party service provider (PALAFOX)



Oversight

b. Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Along the course of CLUP preparation, the CPDO, particularly the GIS team, gathered and analyzed hazard data from the different line agencies. Chapter 8 of the CLUP presented discussion of hazards of 3 categories namely; hydro-meteorological, geologic and man-made. Hydro-meteorological are typhoons and tropical cyclones, flooding, storms surges, drought and sea level rise. Geologic hazards are earthquakes, liquefaction and tsunami while man-made are fire, salt water intrusion and soil subsidence due to over extraction of groundwater, ground water contamination and coastal water pollution due to pollutants from agriculture, settlements and industries. In the City LCCAP (2014-2028) vulnerability and risk assessment, flooding hazard scored the highest threat to all development sectors. Adaptation and mitigation measures were identified through a series of multi-stakeholder consultation workshops. These adaptation and mitigation measures find its way into the DRRM Plan and LCCAP of the city which are the subject of implementation primarily with the City DRRM Office, the Local City ENR Office (CENRO), private sector, NGOs/ civil society organizations. Based on the discussion with the different sectors (LGU Departments including Planning, CENRO, City Engineering Office, DRRM Office, Business and Academe) several initiatives have been undertaken in making the city DRR and Climate-Change resilient. These initiatives are the following but not limited to: introduction of green building technologies, rain water collection, zero carbon initiatives (using of liquefied petroleum gas in taxi operation, LED lights, greening of value chain), campaign against smoke belchers, air quality monitoring, conduct of regular drills, and continuing IEC. c. Land Accounting and Land Use Area Allocation There are two basic considerations in land accounting process undertaken in LGU land use planning; namely 1) the existing National Policies of the government and 2) existing hazards in the LGU particularly on geological and hydro-meteorological aspects. Some of pertinent national policies that influenced land accounting and land-use allocation regime that must be considered in the conduct of land-use planning exercise particularly in the determination of non-buildable and buildable area within Iloilo City are shown in Annex 7. Practically the whole land area of Iloilo City can be categorized as urban land except for a few such as fishpond and salt-beds, rivers and creeks and remaining small portion agricultural land.


The CPDO conducted land accounting and made comparison on the land-uses of the previous and current planning period. Table 15 shows the change of land uses of the city. Table 15. Comparative Area and Percentage Distribution of Land Uses (Existing 1998-2010 Land Use and Proposed 2011-2020 Land Use)

Land use

Classification 1998-2010 Land use Proposed (2011-2020) land

use Differential

Area (sq. km)

Percentage Area (sq. km.) Percentage Area Percentage

Residential 40.28 57.35 40.26 49.10 0.02 8.25

Agricultural 3.07 4.37 0.90 1.10 2.17 3.27

Commercial 5.76 8.21 9.96 12.15 4.20 3.94

Industrial 2.36 3.36 3.80 4.64 1.44 1.28

Institutional 3.35 4.78 3.12 3.81 0.23 0.97

Parks and open space 3.86 5.50 2.59 3.16 1.27 2.34

Fishponds and salt-beds 2.82 4.01 2.88 3.51 0.06 0.50

Planned Unit Development

2.61 3.72 0.54 0.66 2.07 3.06

Infrastructure 2.59 3.70 3.71 4.53 1.12 0.83

Transportation and Utilities

1.43 2.03 0.47 0.57 0.96 1.46

Mangrove 0.95 1.36 1.59 1.94 0.64 0.58

Floodway 0.42 0.60 0.67 0.82 0.25 0.22

Cemetery 0.40 0.57 0.42 0.51 0.02 0.06

Sanitary Landfill 0.20 0.29 0.21 0.26 0.01 0.03

S-I (Special Institutional 9.88 0.14 0.15 0.18 9.73 0.04

I/U (infra and utilities) 1.68 0.02 3.71 4.57 2.03 4.55

Water Zone (creeks, rivers)

0.00 0.00 2.60 3.17 2.60 3.17

Foreshore Land Delimitation

0.00 0.00 8.11 9.89 8.11 9.89

Total 70.23 100.00 81.98 100.00 Source: CLUP 2011-2020

d. Zoning Development and Implementation

Most notable development of the city is the rehabilitation of the Iloilo River. The stretch of the river was cleaned-up with obstruction and the informal settlers were resettled to other areas of the city. Though, there are still some pockets of the river that needs to be cleaned-up and rehabilitated. The Esplanade along Iloilo River is a new addition to the city’s efforts in the rehabilitation of the river scape and improve the city’s breathability and aesthetics with its landscaped walks and pavements. Basically this is a success story, only few cities in the country have such accomplishments and the will to implement the zoning ordinance. More challenges still lie ahead when the city moves toward further densification of its urban place. Challenges such as preservation of the city heritage areas and structures dated back from the Spanish era vis a vis urban renewal and development, introduction of green building technologies, preservation of remaining agricultural land (rice paddies) and fishponds, which serve as flood catch basin, mangroves particularly during typhoon. The construction of floodway as adaptive measure to the risk of flooding of the city particularly during typhoon has provided much relief. During the discussion with the head of the DRRM Office and CPDO, the floodway has effectively prevented occurrence of flooding around 80 percent. It was also suggested during the discussion to revisit the flooding map generated before the construction of the floodway in order to redraw the level and areas exposed to actual flooding. The new level of exposure to flooding is very important when it comes to zoning regulation and identification and implementation of appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures.


On the reclassification of land use to other land uses, based on the Local Government Code the mandate rested with the city council. During the discussion with key CPDO personnel the current practice in the process of review and evaluation on reclassification applications no longer pass through the CPDO as opposed to the previous practiced and as the zoning ordinance provision provides. Instead, the current practice is also being done by the city council. It is the desire on the part of the CPDO to follow the provision of the zoning ordinance. This concern must be clarified as to which is the proper unit to conduct technical review of the reclassification application. In the Chapter 9 of the CLUP there are programs and projects identified but nothing on projects for Detailed Area Master Planning. LDIP/AIP as a tool in program and project implementation is not also being maximized to realize a preferred urban form through Area Detailed Planning, as mentioned also during the consultation meeting. While the CPDO has enough staff and equipment on GIS mapping capability, land-use change monitoring is not regularly done. Sharing of planning data is also important among the key departments of the LGU. e. Special Area Detailed Planning The Preferred Framework Spatial Strategy as agreed during the selection process using Goal Achievement Matrix was the “Waterfront and Multi Centered Urban Development”. Eight business centers were also identified that will serve as primary development areas in the city. These business centers are:

New Iloilo Business Center

Jaro Business Center

Jaro Heritage and Business Center

Mandurriao Heritage and Business Center

Molo Heritage and Business Center

City Proper Central Business District and Heritage Center

La Paz Heritage and Business Center The PCE for Jaro District, a project assisted by UN-Habitat in which Iloilo City was one of the partner LGUs, was basically an Area Plan but unfortunately this still remain conceptual. However, there are Special Area Detailed Planning being actually implemented by the private sector outside of the old central business district such as the Ayala and the Megaworld (formerly airport area). Like in other CDI cities, the Poblacion old central business district of Iloilo City has its urban pattern of grid iron and traffic connectivity. Beyond it, the urban pattern is more of linear in physical development. Mostly, development occurs along major thoroughfare, particularly the national road going to the new airport at the municipality of Cabatuan. Various stakeholders also shared their urban woes: narrow roads, obstructed sidewalks, some city roads have no sidewalks, eye sore and dangling electrical and communication wires and traffic congestion particularly during rush hours. These issues need to be resolved through the Special Area Detailed Planning to enhance the city’s overall physical image.


Technical Competency a. Registered Planning Professional/Competency Level Iloilo City has three registered planning experts working under the CPDO (2) and on the environment (1), while other city government staff are also qualified to take the professionalization examination. These staff have been with the CPDO for years handling planning, programming, project development and zoning functions and responsibilities. b. Other Related Professional/Competency level The CPDO have personnel with competency and skills in GIS operation who were able to provide spatial analysis and mapping needs during the CLUP preparation. These particular skills must be continuously supported in order to provide the mapping requirements of the CPDO particularly in the conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning. Gap Analysis a. Institutional Capacity The legal institutional framework for Land Use Planning has been amply provided for in the Local Government Code, HLURB Guidebook and related issuances concerning Land Use Planning. Indeed, planning exercise at the LGU has two dimension, one is political and the other is technical. The political exercise come into play during the process of approval at the different levels: (1) at the Local Development Planning; (2) city council and (3) at the RLUC-Regional Development Council and HLURB. At the Local Development Council level, it is very important that its members must also immerse in the technical planning exercise at the Sectoral Committee or at the technical working group level. This is important so that when it comes to the deliberation of the plans particularly on CLUP and plans of the LGU at the Local Development Council proper, they already knew beforehand particularly on the technical ramification of the plan. Approval, thus, is appropriately facilitated. The same is true with the members of the city council. While they are busy in legislative work of the city, it may be prudent also to once in a while immerse in the CLUP process and other planning exercise at the Sectoral Committee level to join in the technical discussion and deliberation of the city’s different plans. In this way the technical and political are intertwined in the planning exercise. b. Capacity in Work Coverage The CPDO is the leading LGU Department in the CLUP preparation. Its capacity has been demonstrated particularly in the preparation of the CLUP, however there is a need to provide technical knowledge in Special Area Detailed Planning. Providing these competencies of the CPDO will greatly enhance Area Detailed Planning and Urban Design particularly in those areas identified as business centers. The Special Area Detailed Planning as done by the private sector, the Ayala and Megaworld will serve as a laboratory in the conduct of Detailed Area Planning to other identified business center of the City. These will serve also as basis for specific infrastructure planning requirement such as circulation networks, drainage and sewerage and other utilities needed.


c. Competency/Capability of Technical Personnel Following the passage of the Republic Act No. 10587, An Act Regulating the Practice of Environmental Planning, there is a need to level-up the competency of the qualified personnel at the CPDO by way of taking the examination. A technical assistance through the conduct of review class may be provided to these qualified personnel. Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations

Conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning. The CLUP identified eight business centers which serve as center for sustained economic growth of the city but of course these areas pose also challenges in terms of traffic, pollution both from stationary establishments and mobile transport and other problems associated with urban development. The PCE experience and the actual Special Area Detailed Planning implemented by the private sector might be a good take-off point for the Special Area Detailed Planning for other identified business center and its adjoining influenced areas. In the conduct of Area Master Planning, the following must be considered in Urban Designing: a. Lot parcel and property information and the conduct of social preparation activities for

Area Detailed Planning;

b. Connectivity and circulation pattern within and outside the growth area;

c. Design of utilities placement (above ground or underground);

d. Allocation of parks as open spaces. This could be of multi-functional open spaces such as re-charge areas, flood catch basin, etc.;

e. Preservation of heritage areas and structures and an adaptive reuse strategy guide must be incorporated to serve as guide in the conduct of urban renewal and redevelopment;

f. Mixed-use development and compact urban design which optimize the use of green technologies to reduce risk, mitigate and improve climate resiliency;

g. Identification of visual corridors;

h. Consider inclusive urban development by proper allocation of space for the urban poor residents;

i. Consider strategy such as land swapping, land consolidation, land banking and even Transfer of Development Rights particular in established growth center master planned for urban renewal (brownfield areas); and

j. Consideration to the introduction of Transit Oriented Development. Iloilo City major gateway in Panay Island and the Western Visayas Region has experienced urban growth in past several years but its transport system within the city relies heavily on jeepneys, taxi and tricycles. These public mode of transport are becoming more of a problem in terms of traffic and source of mobile pollution. It is in context that Transit Oriented Development strategy will have to be studied for its possibility of adoption in the near future.

Revisit the flooding exposure of the city with the construction of the Flood cut-off channel. A review must be conducted on level of exposure to flooding after the construction of the floodway cut of channel in order to redraw the level and areas exposed to actual flooding. The


new level of exposure to flooding in very important when it comes to zoning regulation and identification and implementation of appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures.

Develop capacity for Land-use change monitoring particularly on urban land. Land-use change monitoring needs to be developed and institutionalized particularly at the CPDO. The CPDO has GIS capability but it needs information from City Engineering Office and Assessors to effect a land-use change monitoring. A platform of data sharing mechanism must be established among offices of the LGUs, particularly also those data necessary for planning, project implementation, monitoring and regulation enforcement.

Conduct of continuing capability building on the following:

a. Mechanism for data sharing and capability for land-use change monitoring using GIS and other mapping technology;

b. Assistance to CPDO selected personnel for the professionalization in the practice of environmental planning;

c. Continuing capability building and institutional strengthening of the Local Development Council and other institutional support mechanism as stipulated in Local Government Code meant to strengthen Land-use and Urban Development planning capacity; and

d. Assistance on the proper implementation on the appropriate process in the conduct of review and evaluation in the land reclassification application.

4. Infrastructure Planning Capability

Institutional Aspects of Philippine Infrastructure Planning a. Legal and Institutional Enabling Mechanism Iloilo City has a city planning and development officer and a city engineer. It has an office of the building official under the Office of the City Engineer. However, like most cities, it does not have a city architect which is an optional position. b. Inter-and Intra-Departmental Relationships Iloilo CPDO is responsible for issuance of zoning clearance. Application for Development permits for subdivisions are first examined by the Zoning Department. Technical aspects such as road network, drainage, and water and power supply are then checked by the Office of the Building Official for endorsement to the Development Control and Planning Committee. Technical requirements for subdivisions are in accordance with HLURB Guidelines. Iloilo City has an Office of the Building Official, in charge of implementing the Building Code, under the Office of the City Engineer. The primary function of the city engineer is to plan, coordinate, and supervise the construction, maintenance, and improvement of roads, bridges and other infrastructure projects of the city. The city engineer is also responsible for the technical evaluation of development plans for approval of the City Council through the Office of the Building Official.


Infrastructure Planning Work Capacity Support infrastructure is an important component of the city’s economic development plan. This includes transportation, water supply, drainage/sanitation and sewerage and other similar projects. A conceptual plan for the proposed Jaro township project had already been developed under the UN Habitat project. The proposed development would create additional demand for energy, water, and transport system that should be considered in the planning process. This then would require the preparation of detailed master plan including transportation, water supply, drainage, sanitation, sewerage, electricity, and communication facilities. a. Water Supply and Sewerage System The Metro Iloilo Water District is given the task of water distribution for the city of Iloilo. Its water source includes both surface water and ground water. It has 173 shallow and deep wells to date. It services 27,871 households in addition to government and commercial establishments. Based on 2010 census, Iloilo City has 90,631 households. This represents only about 30 percent of the households. Non-Revenue Water also is estimated to be around 40 percent. The city has no sewage treatment facility. Households and businesses use individual septic tanks. The city has adopted a Septage Ordinance to enforce the requirement on septic tanks. b. Drainage System River flooding has been significantly reduced by the construction of Jaro Floodway Channel by DPWH. However, based on 2011 CLUP, inundation and ponding is still recurrent particularly in the downtown area and the districts of Molo and Jaro. c. Solid Waste Management System Iloilo City opened a Php200 million sanitary landfill facility in Calajunan, Mandurriao district covering 3.3 hectares inside the 23-hectare city government property to accommodate residual waste from 260 metric tons of garbage produced by the city. The project includes several cell sites, ponds, wash bay and water treatment of the leachate from the garbage water. It also has a waste-to-energy component capable of generating 6 MW of electricity. d. Transport System The 2011 CLUP cited the study of DPWH on the basic needs Road Network Improvement Plan. The study cited the following recommendations within the city: control of further development; efficient traffic management; and modal shift from jeepney to bus. It also cited the need for radial and circumferential roads outside the city proper. Presently, the Radial Road going to the airport and the Iloilo Circumferential Road C1 are completed. Some existing inter-city roads were also recommended for widening and further improvement. The city has a road density of 3.3 km/hectares. The narrow roads inside the old district are usually pointed out to be the cause of traffic. While modal shift from jeepneys to buses was recommended, other modes of transport like tranvia (small open-sided buses) are worth looking into. While and esplanade has been developed along the Iloilo River and water quality of the river has apparently been improved, use of Iloilo River for transport has not been considered yet. This might be worth looking into.


e. Power System Power Electric Company, Inc. holds the franchise for the power distribution in Iloilo while National Grid Corporation maintains and operates the transmission lines. There are now many Power Producing Companies producing a combined capacity of 450 MW against the current demand of around 250 MW. Energy sources include coal, diesel bunker-fired generator, and renewable energy sources such as mini-hydro and wind farm power plants. f. Climate Change Adaptation Systems As climate-change adaptation measures, Iloilo City has passed Rain Water Harvesting Ordinance. It is set to retrofit government facilities for rainwater harvesting and energy saving. This includes retrofitting street lights with LED. The clearing of Iloilo River easement and river rehabilitation could also be considered as a climate change adaptation measure. Iloilo-Batiano River Development Plan Implementation and Iloilo-Batiano River Rehabilitation Program are included in the CLUP. Mangrove protection against storm surge was also adopted in Jaro area. Gaps Analysis a. Institutional Capacity Iloilo City Engineers Office complement of 141 personnel appears to be sufficient to perform its basic tasks. There appears to be proper coordination with national government offices in the implementation of national government projects. b. Capacity in Work Coverage Majority of infrastructure projects in Iloilo City were undertaken by the national government. The city has existing programs such as the Iloilo River Development Master Plan, Calajunan Landfill Development Plan, Ecological Solid Waste Management Plan, and downtown central business district Heritage Conservation Program. Based on CLUP, an Urban Drainage Master Plan is being prepared by DPWH in coordination with the City Engineer’s Office. The master plans were prepared by the national government. c. Transport Master Plan For the Old District, a Traffic Management Plan was proposed in the CLUP. The recommendation was based on the narrow roads, which could no longer be widened and the lack of sufficient road network. The city may benefit from a Transport Master Plan. Analysis of road network system supported by traffic studies could provide a better identification of the road requirements to ease the traffic. A transport master plan could help address the traffic problem of the city. The proposed pedestrianization of certain areas and establishment of bicycle lanes should be harmonized with the transport master plan. A Traffic and Transport Master Plan was prepared by ALMEC Corporation with funding from World Bank in 2015. Review and implementation of the same is recommended.


d. Water Distribution System MIWD should address lack of water source. Partnership with the private sector is a possible option. USAID’s Be Secure Project is assisting the city in this respect. e. Sewerage System The city has no sewerage system and construction of sewage treatment plant should be given importance to protect ground water source as well. Providing low cost wastewater treatment plant with the help of USAID is a good step in positive direction. However, a city-wide sewerage system for Iloilo City is still recommended in the long term. f. Other Gaps The city should address the presence of informal settlers along the coastline or along river banks. Suitable relocation sites should be identified for the informal settlers. Detailed Master Plans could be prepared for the resettlement areas by the city or thru private developers. Resettlement areas, however, should provide employment or business opportunities for the families to be resettled. The business sector could be tapped to provide assistance in providing employment or business opportunities. Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations Proposed intervention to Strengthen Infrastructure Planning Capacity of Iloilo City: The city has a planned development in Jaro district. A concept plan was prepared for the planned development thru the assistance of UN Habitat. However, the plan prepared was still a conceptual plan. It could further be developed into a Detailed Master Plan complete with the proposed road network, drainage, water, and electrical system. The city could be assisted in preparing the TOR for hiring of consultants for the study. 5. GIS System Integration Capability This section on GIS contains excerpts from the more extensive stand-alone reports on the assessment of GIS systems for CDI cities done by a GIS specialist. Parts included here are linked to the facilitation of climate-resilient land use and infrastructure planning capabilities. GIS Institutional Capacity The findings in the GIS institutional capacity of Iloilo City are:

Despite the institutionalization of the Information Technology Services Division under the Mayor’s Office to adopt information technology in the delivery of services and in government operations, among others, the division’s role remains limited and unrecognized due to the lack of appreciation and/or awareness on the importance of ICT.

There is no existing ISSP which directs the implementation of strategies in establishing the ICT environment in the city government. Furthermore, GIS is yet to be integrated in the ICT programs of the city.

There is no identified senior champion/s who will push for the GIS agenda in the city’s executive committee.

Aside from data-sharing tracking through the eDRAS, there are no data creation and management standards and practices across all departments. At the city level, standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, updating, and securing data


and information are not yet in place. Also, standards and protocols for GIS implementation are also non-existent.

The current departmental relationships cannot effectively cope with the management of a large and growing volume of data and the needed regular maintenance and updating.

GIS Capability Gaps and Issues The current situation of GIS implementation in Iloilo City was presented based on the results of the assessment. Issues and gaps which hinder GIS implementation were highlighted during the presentation. A focus group discussion was conducted after the presentation wherein the participants were able to validate the findings presented.

A self-assessment activity was also conducted to affirm the results presented. The participants were asked to evaluate the capability of their own department based on the same parameters (presented in Table 16) used to assess the institutional capacity Iloilo City in implementing a sustainable GIS. A self-assessment tool was utilized for this purpose. Participants were grouped into three clusters to encourage discussion among departments in the same cluster and serve as critique to the self-assessment. During the workshop, other departments joined the activity, namely, the Local Economic Enterprise Office, City Tourism Office, City Agriculture Office, and Youth Development Office.

The discussion after the presentation of the existing issues and gaps led to the assignment of weights for each component based on the importance of each component in the implementation of GIS in Iloilo City. The participants agreed on a priority scale and allotted 30 percent weight on institutional capacity; 25 percent each for technical competency and hardware; and 10 percent each for data and software and systems. Using these agreed weights, the total weighted score for all the five GIS components for the City Government of Iloilo is 1.52. This indicates that the city finds itself having a limited capacity in terms of existing resources to implement and streamline GIS. The low rating may also be translated as an increasing awareness for the need for GIS in the city’s operations. This rating may also be seen as an assertion that the city government should initiate improvements to create a suitable environment for GIS implementation. Serious efforts must be made to structure the legal and institutional arrangements and build the required databases as foundations toward full GIS implementation. To ensure its sustainability, investments must also be made to capacitate the technical staff and equip them with the GIS-ICT hardware and software requirements needed to efficiently and effectively perform their day-to-day functions. The GIS capacity score and the validation activity will inform the formulation of the Strategic Guide for Sustainable GIS Implementation for Iloilo City.

Table 16. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Iloilo City (Dakis, 2016)

Component Iloilo City

CAS AW



Data 1.30 10%

Hardware 1.33 20%

Software 1.50 10%



As shown, GIS capacity scores vary depending on the perceived importance of GIS components through assigning weights. Across all cities, legal and institutional capacity were deemed most important in establishing, facilitating, and implementing a sustainable GIS within their city. Data and technical competency were considered to be more important than hardware and software/systems to support GIS implementation. A detailed discussion of GIS capacity needs assessment results is presented in the GIS Capacity Profile of each city.

Figure 3. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Iloilo City







GIS Capability Building Strategies: Recommendations Although the objective of the GIS-CNA was to determine barriers in GIS implementation, it has been comprehended that it is far more effective to start with realistic strategies and specific programs and projects than to address all issues all at once. During the GIS Validation Workshop, the GIS clusters agreed on the following strategies to ensure the sustainable implementation of GIS in Iloilo City:

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

INSTITUTIONAL DATA TECHNICALCOMPETENCY


Land Use Planning Cluster Infrastructure Development Cluster

Fiscal Management Cluster City Government of Iloilo



Issuance of Executive Order for the creation of a technical working group which shall take charge in formulating Information Technology and GIS related programs/projects

Adoption of the technical working group into an ordinance

Formulation of the city’s ISSP GIS Strategy No. 2: Establish a Centralized Geographic Information Management System as envisioned in the ISSP

Development of centralized GIS that will act as a platform for sharing among departments

Database build up: Regular updating of the hazard, exposure, vulnerability and risk data

Database build up: Establish a formal database for tourism and heritage sites

Database build up: Environment and natural resource inventory (mangrove database, STP Monitoring on water quality, etc.)

Database build up: Profiling of Agri-fisheries and other commodities

Database build up: Data on public cemeteries (niches, area size, standards)

Database build up: Data on parks and open space

Database build up: Data on utilization of solar panels in the city

Database build up: Creation of database of volunteers, youth organizations

Database build up: Geospatial parcel data

Database build up: Creation of business map which includes upgrading of data of tax payers, registered business owner’s info, area of location, vendors, stall owners, meat dealers, collection, etc.

Database build up: Database on building use/types of occupancy

Database build up: Database of roads and bridges including drainage system GIS Strategy No. 3: Establish a technical capacity building program that will enhance technical knowledge of staff in GIS to promote its use in performing departmental day-to-day functions.

Basic Training on Geographical Information System (practical uses in government operations)

Customized training on utilization of GIS (per department) such as data collection/validation, database development, etc.

Study Tour to LGUs that are utilizing GIS for their operations

GIS Strategy No. 4: Enhance Hardware Capability by acquiring of required GIS-ICT hardware for GIS Implementation and ensuring linkages of all departments to a city-wide network.

Acquisition and establishment of network infrastructure for CGIMS

Acquisition/Procurement of workstations in offices that could run GIS related software and systems

GIS Strategy No. 5: Develop a two-tiered GIS software solution, where appropriate FOSS4G GIS software is explored and adapted as software for departments without GIS while departments using proprietary GIS software are also provided institutional support.

Utilization of the Open Source Software (QGIS)

System Upgrading for general revision and GIS design for tax mapping operations/RPTAS

Upgrading of Business Permit Licensing and Tax Assessment System


Establishment of Emergency Operation System

Local Economic Enterprise Information Management System GIS Strategy No. 6: Formulate an Information, Education and Communication Campaign Program that will enhance awareness and appreciation to the relevance and use of GIS

Development of IEC materials (Quad-Media Info Campaign on GIS) - e.g. Tourism, Business Licensing and Permits Office

Conduct series of forum with different sectors on the relevance and importance of GIS in all aspects of governance

6. Proposed LUIGIS Capability Building Interventions for Iloilo City: Recommendations The findings and recommendations for Iloilo City is consolidated and simplified into a Summary Table as shown in Table 18. Table 18. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Iloilo City


Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues


Land Use Planning

Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Iloilo City.








Have three (3) In-house Registered Planning Professional










CLUP at the mid-term stage of the planning period

Need to update the CLUP vision statement and conduct mid-term review of the Spatial Framework Strategy to reflect new realities on the ground

CPDO to initiate review of the CLUP vision and conduct mid-term review of the CLUP in coordination and participation with the different stakeholders

Climate Change Adaptation and

Vulnerability and Risk Analysis conducted given

Need to review and evaluate the level of flooding exposure of the City after the

CPDO to initiate the conduct of the review to



Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues


Disaster Risk Reduction Integration

different hazards of the City

construction of the floodway cut-off channel

determine the new level of exposure to flooding hazards. These could be done in-house or engage a second party evaluator

CPDO, CDRRMO, City ENRO to provide continuous science-based info on particularly on hydro-met hazard to city residence and visitors







Zoning ordinance provision on technical review of application of land reclassification not observed

LZBA active

Need to clarify process for technical review for the application of land reclassification

LZBA need to be continuously capacitated and strengthened

CPDO to request clarification from HLURB on issue on the technical review on application of land reclassification

CPDO to design and implement capability building for LZBA


Eight (8) business centers for Iloilo City

No detailed planning done for priority growth areas; urban development pattern chaotic; uncontrolled development along highways/ national roads


PCE output for Jaro need to be revisited and follow-on activities must be formulated as part of the Special Area Detailed Planning

CPDO must maximize the LDIP/AIP to propose projects and allocate funds on the actual conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning


Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Iloilo City.



City Planning and Development Office prepares city development plan and reviews development permits for approval of the City Council

Office of City Engineer mandated to prepare infra

No system plans such as drainage master plan, transport master plan, sewerage system plan for the new Jaro township project

Capability gap in the preparation of system plans (system plans are mostly done by National Government Offices)






Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues


system/ engineering plans

Office of the Architect to do architectural plan and design; no such office in Iloilo City

Iloilo City Office of Building Official under the City Engineer


Water supply provided by Metro Iloilo Water District (MIWD)

MIWD supplies only 30% of the households; Non-Revenue Water estimated at 40%

Septage Ordinance enacted

No sewerage system

Number of households tapped to MIWD too small

Need to reduce NRW

MIWD may not have technical personnel to do sewerage system design

Additional source of surface water for domestic use, should be explored

Provide Technical Assistance to reduce NRW


Drainage System

Flooding in some areas

Very flat terrain identified as a constraint on proper drainage


Need for hydrologic study for the city

Need to Prepare Drainage Master Plan


Provide Technical Assistance for Hydrologic Study

Provide assistance to LGU in the preparation of drainage master plan


Sanitary landfill in Calajunan, Mandurriao

Has waste-to-energy component capable of generating 6 MW of electricity

Transport System

Heavy traffic in the old CBD


Need for alternate roads or transport system



Need for proper enforcement of parking and setback requirements for buildings

Review for possible improvement of the road network as part of the Transport Master Plan

Develop incentives for parking buildings

Develop a harmonized Comprehensive Transport & Traffic Management Plan and adopting other possible modes of transport

Power System

Present combined capacity of 450 MW against current demand of around 250MW

Promote use or solar or other renewable energy source


Rainwater Harvesting Ordinance enacted

Measures such as use of water retention basins and rainwater harvesting not yet being adopted

Use of water retention basins in government properties / facilities and be



Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues


Retrofitting of street lamps

Construction of Esplanade along Iloilo riverbank

Informal settlers occupying coastal area and riverbanks


required as a Development Control measure

Require use of rainwater harvesting facilities in government projects




Entries here are based on this Report and the Geographic Information System Capacity Profile and the Strategic Guide to Sustainable GIS Implementation for Iloilo City. The entries in the Current State are the results of the Self-Assessment Tool by clusters. The Tool Score Guide is listed in the GIS Section.




Absence of an ISSP which will guide the city government in their ICT agenda

GIS not yet considered in the ICT agenda

ICBBS and eDRAS is currently in place for inter-departmental data sharing and archiving but not fully optimized

Lack of/Limited implementation of standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, and managing data and information

Poor compliance to the approved ICBBS and eDRAS Acceptable Use Policies

Lack of senior champion or advocate to push for GIS implementation in the Executive and Legislative Agenda

Lack of a technical group to support city-wide GIS implementation

Establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a sustainable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation.

Formulate an IEC Campaign that will enhance the awareness and appreciation of the relevance and usage of GIS.



Lack of an inventory of all data sets

Aside from some departments, available spatial data are not GIS-ready or are in formats that cannot be utilized using GIS

Lack of standards to ensure accuracy and integrity of data

Weak implementation and compliance to policies (i.e. eDRAS Acceptable Use Policy, etc.) that ensure proper management and security of data and information

Establish a CGIMS as envisioned in the city’s ISSP





Establish a technical capacity-building program that will enhance technical knowledge of the staff with regard to GIS and thus



Area


Current State

Gaps and Issues


Competency of ITSD not optimized for integration of GIS in Program/Application/ Systems Development

promote its use in the performance of the departments’ day-to-day functions.



Hardware system specifications are capable of running GIS software/ applications but are not fully optimized for GIS use

Data gathering hardware are not fully optimized for field inspection and data collection.

Sub-optimal network connectivity due to individual workgroup design implemented in departments (independent small office environment).

Some departments prefer to maintain small office design to avoid usage limitations and monitoring standards




Limited use of GIS software and systems in different offices and departments.

Lack of policy/protocols that will facilitate integration of all systems. Furthermore, there is limited use of GIS in existing software and systems

Develop a two-tiered GIS software solution, to wit: City departments without GIS are encouraged to explore and adopt appropriate FOSS4G GIS software, while departments and offices using proprietary GIS software are also given institutional support.

GIS Capacity Score


The above in GIS are entered here in general terms, for specifics refer to list in GIS Stand-alone Reports.

D. Puerto Princesa City

1. Introduction The City of Puerto Princesa is located 306 nautical miles southwest of Manila, 205 nautical miles from Panay and about 250 nautical miles from Zamboanga. It is bounded on the north by the Municipality of San Vicente and Roxas and on the south by Municipality of Aborlan. Strategically situated in the center portion of the island province of Palawan, the city is considered airline from the country’s major cities like Manila and Cebu. Puerto Princesa City has a total land area of 219,339.39. It has 66 barangays, comprised of 35 urban and 31 rural barangays. The urban barangays cover 13,550.33 hectares or only 6.18 percent of the city’s total land area, while the rural barangays comprise the major bulk of the city’s total land, which is 205,789.08 hectares or 93.82 percent.


A chain of mountains runs through the entire length of the city, dividing it into two distinct areas-the East and West Coast. The eastern side, which faces the Sulu Sea, is bordered by swamplands, following a series of flat plains to hilly terrain. The West Coast has fewer plains with mountain ranges close to the West Philippine Sea, thus giving the city a unique yet fragile ecology.

A significant portion of the city retains its indigenous vegetation, rainforest, mangroves and coastal ecosystem, all of which support an array of wildlife. In terms of species biodiversity and its wide range of ecosystems, Puerto Princesa City is of national significance. The famous Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park (formerly known as Saint Paul’s Subterranean River National Park) covering a protected area of 22,202 hectares is haven to endemic flora and fauna. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization or UNESCO has designated the park as a World Heritage Site on December 4, 1999. This natural wonder features an 8.2-km navigable underground river, reputed to be the world’s longest and winds through a spectacular cave before emptying out into the West Philippine Sea. Around 64 percent of the city’s total land area has rugged (18 to 36 percent) to steep slopes (>36 percent) marking it highly vulnerable to soil erosion and even mudslides and landslides when the areas with critical slopes become denuded. On the other hand, about 25 percent of its land area is flat lands having slopes less than 8 percent, suitable for agriculture and urban settlement and another 11 percent (8 to18 percent) slope which can be developed for upland agriculture and low-density housing. However, agriculture and settlement development within this moderate slope range have to adopt soil conservation and slope stabilization measures to prevent soil erosion and landslides. In the southern portion of the city particularly in the Irawan area, metamorphic rocks of the Inagawan Formation can be found. The area is also partly composed of sedimentary Iwahig Formation, alluvium of consolidated gravel, sand, pebbles and silt. Some ultramafic rocks of the Palawan Ophiolite Complex also characterize the area. The northern part of the city comprises ultramafic rocks. In particular, the Langogan area is characterized by metamorphic rocks consisting of quartz-feldspathic and mica schists, phyllites, slate, and quartzites. The ultramafic rocks consist of unaltered serpentinized peridotite, dunite, and pyrexomite. The Babuyan area is made up of Irahuam Metavolcanics that resemble the quartz-hematite schist in appearance and are also friable and weather into dark reddish gray platy fragments, which are usually scattered near outcrop of river beds. St. Paul limestone outcrops as small patches are found in the south and Midwestern part of the catchment. It comprises a very thick, massive, marbleized limestone with a very well-developed karst. Two types of climate patterns that are distinctive for the east and the west coasts occur in Puerto Princesa City. The east coast has short dry season and more months of heavy rainfall. The area is dry from January to April and rainy throughout the rest of the year. September is registered as the wettest month. The west coast has equal lengths of dry and rainy seasons. Dry season begins in November and lasts until April while the rainy months start in May and end in October. The rainiest month in the west coast is September just like in the east coast. February is the driest month in the area. The barangays falling under this climate pattern are New Panggangan, Marufinas, Cabayugan, Tagabinet, Buenavista, Bahile, Macarascas, Simpocan, Bagong Bayan, and Napsan. The City has a uniformly high temperature. There is no marked difference in temperature between areas falling under the first and second types of climate. In general, the warmest months are


March, April and May; the coolest are November, December, January and February. The city has more or less uniform humidity as well as high relative humidity ranging from 70 percent to 86 percent with an annual mean of 84 percent. Fluctuations in relative humidity affect the rate of evaporation in such a way that if other factors like moisture content of the soil and its temperature and the temperature of the air were momentarily held constant, a lower relative humidity tends to enhance vaporization, while in an extreme case, atmosphere approaches 100 percent humidity, evaporation may cease and condensation may be induced.

Lowland soils found in the city are mostly alluvial in formation and are usually fertile soils; hence they comprise prime agricultural lands. This type of soil formation is suitable for irrigation and has potential for good yields of rice. Upland soils are usually formed in place from underlying bedrocks. They are usually thin compared to alluvial deposits and are also prone to erosion in the absence of vegetation cover. There are nine soil types found distributed in City: Bolinao Clay, Tagburos Clay, Tapul Clay Loam, Guimbalaon Clay, Bay Clay Loam, Babuyan Silt Clay Loam, Babuyan Clay, Malaglag Clay and Hydrosol. 2. City Challenges in Urban Resilience Puerto Princesa City is part of the land mass of mainland Asia. Thus it is more stable and less tectonically active unlike the other parts of the Philippine archipelago which are lying on the active Pacific plate. This fortunate location of the city makes it minimally susceptible to the major natural hazards of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. It only has to contend with those hydro-meteorological or climate-induced hazards. The descriptions below were sourced from different studies and reports on the hazards experienced by the city. The notable flood history in the city included the following:

Fifty years ago, three rural barangays namely: Inagawan, Inagawan-Sub and Kamuning got immersed 5 feet deep due to heavy rains and sudden high tide along the coastal areas

In 2006 - Typhoon Caloy has affected a total of 1,803 families in different barangays in the south, northern and urban areas. Several missing persons and damaged bancas (outrigger canoes) were reported. Huge extent of damage to houses due to fallen down trees in some barangays were recorded.

In 2007 - Typhoon Lando hit 22 urban and 30 rural barangays affecting 6,873 families and damaged houses, crops, livestock, and fishponds. Several urban roads, outfalls, waterways and drainage located in various barangays were razed. Casualties were also reported: 3 persons were dead and 1 was missing.

In 2011 - Typhon Sendong affected Barangay Tiniguiban, where 23 casualties were reported, aside from damaged properties.

The following characteristics observed among the flood susceptible communities contribute to their high degree of vulnerability:

Highly dense lowland settlements improperly built along coastal areas/riverbanks are made of light materials.

A high percentage of coastal and other rural barangay residents are living below the poverty line.


Low level of awareness and capacity in dealing with calamities such as floods, droughts, and storm surges still prevails among the population in general.

An estimated 46,782 persons representing 10,721 households reside within the flood prone areas. Of the potentially affected households, 3.4 percent belong to the informal sector whose dwelling units are of inferior quality. In the event of actual flooding, these exposed populations will sustain damages in varying degrees depending on the prevailing demographic characteristics such as age and sex, presence of persons with disabilities, and the like. Generally, the affected population will experience the following effects:

Damage to or displacement of shelter. Higher potential damage is expected in rural areas than in urban areas considering the preponderance of housing of light materials in the former.

Schooling of children may be hampered especially in rural areas where road conditions could easily render them impassable.

Certain segments of the population especially the elderly, the very young, the infirm or persons with disabilities may suffer from greater adverse psycho-social impacts.

Puerto Princesa City, deeply aware of the climate-induced hazards that can possible affect their people and environment, has also identified interventions that it can undertake. The SURGE Project can render technical and capacity/capability building assistance in some of these:

1. Adopt appropriate land use policy that declares hazard-prone areas as “no build zones”.

2. Relocate residents of vulnerable communities to appropriate housing sites.

3. Increase the level of income of households through alternative livelihood opportunities.

4. Increase awareness and develop skills, knowledge and attitudes of vulnerable communities to respond to disasters through intensified IEC and trainings.

5. Establish appropriate early warning systems.


Land-Use Planning Work Capacity a. Comprehensive Land Use Planning Puerto Princesa City revised its CLUP in 2013 with another planning period of 10 years (2013-2022). For the past years the City has self-consciously cultivated the image of a “city in a forest.” The same image will be kept indefinitely into the future, not only as an ideal to aspire for but as a reality to live with. The city’s vision:

“Puerto Princesa: A model city in sustainable development, exhibiting the character of a city in a forest and demonstrating the proper balance between development and environment.”

The preparation was basically done in-house with the assistance of a technical consultant. The city engaged the services of Professor Ernesto M. Serote, a faculty from the University of the Philippines-School of Urban and Regional Planning to build the capacity of the CPDO and the


different stakeholders involved in the CLUP preparation. Focused hands-on training, coaching and mentoring were provided for by the technical consultant in the process of CLUP preparation. Consistent with the Local Government Code and HLURB guidelines, the LGU harnessed multi-stakeholders’ participation as a mechanism in preparing the CLUP. This was done through a series of in-house training and workshops. In addition, the Rationalized Local Planning System, authored by the Technical Consultant, was also utilized to complement the HLURB guidelines.

The CPDO serves as secretariat and leading unit in the CLUP preparation process and actively gathered planning data from different LGU departments and from the national line agencies. It ably coordinated with the different sectors for the series of in-house training and workshops conducted. Table 19 shows the role of the CPDO and other stakeholders involved in the preparation for the CLUP. Table 19. Role of the different City Stakeholders in the CLUP preparation process: Puerto Princesa City



Technical Consultant

(Serote)

CDPO Sectoral Committees/T


LDC City Council

1. Organize Advisory and coaching



Advisory and coaching


3. Set the Vision Resource person, trainor and mentor






Resource person, trainer, and mentor

Secretariat, participants and planning data provision

Participants in discussion and deliberation, data provision particularly those come from LGU department and line agencies




Resource person, trainer and mentor






Resource person, trainer and mentor



















Main doer

10. Review Adopt and Approve the CLUP and ZO

Secretariat Review and approval at their level and

Review and adopt the Plan and endorse to RLUC and




endorse-ment to the City Council

HLURB for final review and approval Review and Enact Zoning Ordinance

11. Implement the CLUP and ZO

Main implement-tor

Oversight

12. Monitor and evaluate CLUP and ZO


Some stake-holders are participants


Oversight

b. Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Given the GIS mapping capability of the CPDO which they benefited from previous projects such as LAMP2-ISF and other funding institutions they were able to process and analyze spatial information thru systematic overly analysis. Thus in the CLUP, the following hazards were identified: flooding, storm surge, lands slides and urban and forest fires. In the local DRRM and CCA Plan, other hazards were also identified, such as: human disease outbreak, agricultural pests and diseases and harmful algal bloom and transportation mishaps (land, sea and air). Except for transportation mishap, hazards are of hydro-meteorological, the degree and intensity of which are becoming more varied due to climate change. The LGU convened a series of multi-stakeholder consultation workshops to determine its hazards vulnerability and capacity assessment. Areas were analyzed with regard to the degree of exposure to different hazards: high, moderate, or low. Elements at risk were also identified, namely, populations or settlements, productive assets, public works or institutions, and environmental resources. The Community-Based Monitoring System data of the CPDO facilitated the provision of information for use in planning and workshop exercises. Identified adaptation and mitigation measures find its way into the DRRM Plan and LCCAP of the city which are the subject of implementation primarily with the City DRRM Office, the CENRO, City Agriculture, City Health Office, City Engineering Office and private sector, NGOs/ civil society organizations. Based on the discussions with various stakeholders, several initiatives have been done in making the city DRR and climate-change resilient. These initiatives are: introduction of green building technologies, rain water collection, alternative power sources (solar, hydro), zero carbon initiatives (retrofitting of building such glass installation, installation of thin curtains, LED lights, greening of value chain, tree planting (endemic species), campaign against smoke belchers, air quality monitoring, preservation of biodiversity and more identification of wildlife habitat, organic farming, conduct of regular drills, continuing IEC. c. Land Use Accounting and Land Use Area Allocation There are two basic considerations in land accounting process undertaken in LGU land use planning; namely: (1) the existing National Policies of the government; and (2) existing hazards in the LGU particularly on geological and hydro-meteorological aspects. Some of the pertinent national policies that influenced land accounting and land-use allocation regimen that were


considered by the CPDO in the conduct of land-use planning exercise, particularly in the determination of non-buildable and buildable area within the city can be found in Annex 8. The CPDO provided spatial data using GIS in the conduct of land accounting. Chapter 4 of the CLUP discussed about land supply and identification of land available thru thematic mapping and overlay analysis. After deducting all development constraints within the city available land for potential urban expansion were identified. A total of 36,649.43 hectares are available for urban expansion. However, urban expansion has to be planned to avoid indiscriminate conversion of land to urban uses. Table 20 shows the General Land Use of the City. Table 20. General Land Use of Puerto Princesa City

Land Use Categories Area in hectares

Total area of Puerto Princesa City 219,339.40

Subtract 175,779.06

a. Protected Areas 150,939.41

NIPAS: 63,409.88

strict nature reserves 341.62

national parks 18,888.18

wildlife sanctuaries 420.03

protected landscapes / seascapes 2,053.96

other protected areas (e.g., virgin forests) 41,706.10

Non-NIPAS 87,529.53

reserved second growth forests 73, 863.48

mangroves 5,903.7

critical watersheds 7,762.31

b. Other Reservations 16,352.63

military reservations 209.30

civil reservations 16, 143.33

penal colony 8,218.96

tribal 7,924.37

c. Environmental Critical Areas 7,336.56

Water related hazards 4,212.99

Erosion related hazards 3,123.57

d. Protected Agricultural Areas 1,150.46

Highly restricted agricultural lands (SAFDZ) 443.37

Coconut conservation areas 707.09

Gross Potential supply of urban land 43, 560.34

Subtract: 6,910.91

a. Existing built-up areas 3,916.23

b. Production Forest 2,946.23

c. Industrial Tree Plantation 48.45

Total land supply for urban use 36, 649.43

Source CLUP 2013-2022


Land Use Changes in the Urban Area of Puerto Princesa City in two periods (1998 and 2009) indicates that there has been a trend increased demand for urban land. In the 2013-2022 planning period a cumulative estimate of 15,424.79 hectares are destined for urban land use. These include portion of areas of the five Rural Service Centers. Table 21 shows the comparative urban land use. Table 21. Comparative Urban Land Use in Puerto Princesa City (2009 and 1998)

Land use Area coverage (in hectares Change (hectares)

2009 1998

Agricultural 1,958.76 2,035.63 (-)76.87

Commercial 206.48 140.17 66.31

Residential 2,065.06 1,094.80 970.26

Industrial 26.96 8.98 17.98

Institutional 480.81 551.57 (-)70.76

Utilities (infra) 151.19 103.81 47.38

Road 463.85 481.23 (-)17.38

Tourism 43.72 31.61 12.11

Open space 52.66 42.24 10.42

Forest 4,136.27 4,004.30 131.97

Mangrove 1,617.71 1,409.86 207.85

River 187.54 100.14 87.40

Vacant 2,159.32 3,545.99 (-)1,386.67

Total 13,550.33 13,550.33

Source CLUP 2013-2022 d. Zoning Development and Implementation The revised zoning ordinance represents the convergence of two frameworks, namely, the new spatial strategy or urban form overlaid with the zoning principles under the Environmentally Critical Areas Network as stipulated in the “Strategic Environmental Plan of Palawan Act” (RA 7611). The integration into single Zoning regulatory regime applies “ridge to reef” or “total catchment” approach to land and water use management.

The Development Control and Environmental Protection Committee (DCEPC) serves as a LZBA. The committee has been very active in dispensing it functions and responsibilities and ably assisted the CPDO on issues relating to land-uses and zoning in the city. Since there are areas in the city territory in which the management is under the national line agencies, the principles of co-management between the city and concerned national government agencies has to be applied consistent with provision of the Local Government Code (Sec 3, i) which states that “Local government units shall share with the national government the responsibility in the management and maintenance of ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction.”

LDIP/AIP as a tool in program and project implementation is not being maximized to realize a preferred urban form thru Area Master Planning, as mentioned during the consultation meeting.

Land-use change monitoring is not consciously done even though the CPDO has enough personnel and equipment on GIS mapping capability. Further, sharing of data particularly planning data is not a normal activity among the key departments of the LGU.


e. Special Area Detailed Planning

In the Chapter 5 of the CLUP, there are 2 major geographical areas namely the urban and the rural areas. Urban areas are further classified into CBD and non-CBD as shown in Table 22. Table 22. Urban Areas of Puerto Princesa City and the Barangay Coverage

Growth Center/Corridor (Core Barangays)

Barangays covered

CBD (land area: 1,586.89 hectares

11 urban barangays embraced within the CBD boundary in their entirety namely: Bagong Pag-asa, San Isidro, Tagumpay, Matahimik, Maningning, Manggahan, Model, Masikap, Magkakaibigan, Maligaya, and Matiyaga. 12 barangays have a portion included within the CBD boundary while the remaining portion falling outside the CBD boundary forms part of the non- CBD periphery: Mandaragat, San Pedro, Tiniguiban, Sta. Monica, San Jose, San Manuel, San Miguel, Bancao-Bancao, Milagrosa, Tanglaw, Kalipay and Liwanag. Figure 5.1 shows the boundaries of the new CBD.

Non-CBD (land area: 9,223.73 hectares)

Bagong Sikat, Bagong Silang, Mabuhay, Masigla, Masipag, Maunlad, Pagkakaisa, and Princesa, all in the Old Poblacion; and Irawan, Sicsican, Sta. Lourdes, and Tagburos in the new urban expansion area in the north.


The urban center which consist of the old poblacion and the new growth areas has been targeted and planned for a seamless connection to provide desired urban services to the local constituents and the visitors both locals and foreign. Physical development follows general strategy of urban compaction and densification to prevent horizontal sprawl. In addition, there are five Rural Service Centers identified and targeted to be strengthened so that these will serve as satellite areas providing the extension of LGU services. In this way, people in the cluster barangays will no longer go to the urban center to buy basic needs and to avail of LGU services. In the Chapter 7 of the CLUP, these rural service centers are intended to be subjected to detailed area master planning but during our discussion with the key personnel of the CPDO there are no projects in the LDIP/AIP meant to realize the area master planning of the rural service centers. Various stakeholders also shared their urban woes: narrow roads, obstructed sidewalks, some city roads have no sidewalks and drainage canal, eye sore and dangling electrical and communication wires. Traffic usually happen during rush hours particularly along the major thoroughfare of the City within the central business district which is also a national highway. These comments were confirmed when a windshield scanning was conducted in the identified new growth and the poblacion areas of the city. The poblacion had its urban pattern of grid iron and with thru traffic connectivity as shown on the bottom left side of the map (Figure 4), but beyond it, the urban pattern of the new growth area shown in the map above the airport are more of linear in physical development characterized by poor circulation network. Mostly, development occurs along major thoroughfare particularly the national road.


Figure 4. Location of Heavy Traffic Roads in Puerto Princesa City



a. Registered Planning Professional/Competency Level

There are no registered Planning Professional at the CPDO. However, there are technical personnel who are qualified to take the examination. These personnel have been with the CPDO for years handling planning, programming, project development and zoning functions and responsibilities.

b. Other Related Professional/Competency level

The CPDO has enough personnel with competency and skills in GIS operation. These skills were acquired from previous foreign-assisted projects in which Puerto Princesa City was one of the partner LGUs. In fact, they provided the spatial analysis and mapping needs during the CLUP preparation. These particular skills must be continuously supported in order to provide the mapping requirements of the CPDO, particularly in the conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning.


c. Related Training given in the last five years

Relevant trainings and hand-on capacity building were attended by the CPDO personnel and other stakeholders particularly in the preparation of the CLUP which was mentored by Prof Serote. Annex 9 shows the different training and capacity building attended. Gap Analysis

a. Institutional Capacity

The legal institutional framework for Land Use Planning has been amply provided for in the Local Government Code, HLURB Guidebook and related issuances concerning Land Use Planning. Indeed, planning exercise at the LGU has two dimension, one is political and the other is technical. The political exercise comes into play during the process of approval at the different levels: (1) at the Local Development Planning; (2) City Council; and (3) at the RLUC-Regional Development Council and HLURB. At the Local Development Council level, it is important that its members must also immerse in the technical planning exercise at the sectoral committee or at the technical working group level. This is important so that when it comes to the deliberation of the plans, particularly on CLUP and plans of the LGU at the Local Development Council proper, they already know the technical ramification of the plan. Approval, therefore, is appropriately facilitated. The same is true with the members of the city council. While they are busy in legislative work of the city, it may be prudent also to once in a while immerse in the CLUP process and other planning exercise at the sectoral committee level to join in the technical discussion and deliberation of the city’s different plans. In this way the technical and political are intertwined in the planning exercise.

b. Capacity in Work Coverage

The CPDO is the leading LGU Department in the CLUP preparation. Its capacity has been demonstrated particularly in the preparation of the CLUP, however there is a need to provide technical knowledge in Special Area Detailed Planning. Providing this competency of the CPDO will greatly enhance Area Detailed Planning and Urban Design particularly in those areas identified as growth center and Rural Service Centers. The Area Detailed Plan will serve as basis for specific infrastructure planning requirement such as circulation networks, drainage and sewerage and other utilities needed. c. Competency/Capability of Technical Personnel Following the passage of the Republic Act No. 10587, An Act Regulating the Practice of Environmental Planning, there is a need to level-up the competency of the qualified personnel at the CPDO by way of taking the examination. A technical assistance through the conduct of review class may be provided to these qualified personnel.


Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations Below are some recommendations/Propose interventions to strengthen Urban Planning and Development capability for Puerto Princesa City: 1. Conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning The identified growth areas which serve as propulsive places for sustained economic growth of the city and to continuously provide services to its constituents and visitors. The same areas posed challenges in terms of traffic, pollution both from stationary establishments and mobile transport and other problems associated with urban development. Also the five Rural Service Centers in order to provide services to the rural folks in the same way as provided in the urban centers, both these areas need to be planned in order to control its spatial development over long term taking into consideration the climate change risks concerns. In the conduct of Area Master Planning, the following must be considered in Urban Designing but not limited to:

a. Lot parcel and property information and the conduct of social preparation activities for Area Detailed Planning

b. Connectivity and circulation pattern within and outside the growth area c. Design of utilities placement (above ground or underground) d. Allocation of parks as open spaces. This could be of multi-functional open spaces such

as re-charge areas, flood catchment basin, etc. e. Mix-use development and compact urban design which optimize the used of green

technologies to reduce risk, mitigate and improve climate resiliency f. Identification of visual corridors g. Consider inclusive urban development by proper allocation of space for the urban poor

residence h. Consider strategy such as land swapping, land consolidation, land banking and even

Transfer of Development Rights particular in established growth center master planned for urban renewal (brownfield areas)

i. Consideration to the introduction of Transit Oriented Development. This is in particular in the CBD area of the City where transport relies heavily on jeepneys, and tricycles. These public mode of transport are becoming more of a problem in terms of traffic and source of mobile pollution. Transit Oriented Development strategy will have to be explored and studied for its possibility of adoption in the near future.

2. CPDO must maximize the LDIP/AIP to propose projects and allocate funds on the actual

conduct of Special Are Detailed Planning 3. Capacity for Land-use change monitoring particularly on urban land

Land-use change monitoring needs to be developed and institutionalized particularly at the CPDO. The CPDO has good GIS capability but it needs information from City Engineering Office and Assessors to effect a land-use change monitoring. A platform of data sharing mechanism must be established among offices of the LGUs, particularly also those data necessary for planning, project implementation, monitoring and regulation enforcement.

4. Conduct of continuing capability building on the following:

a. Mechanism for data sharing and capability for land-use change monitoring using GIS and

other mapping technology;


b. Assistance to CPDO selected personnel for the professionalization in the practice of environmental planning;

c. Assistance on the possible application of a Programmatic Environmental Impact Assessment. Being highly sensitive to the Strategic Environmental Plan and Environmentally Critical Areas Network Zone and other related biodiversity and environmental regulations/conventions a possible application of a programmatic EIA must be explored in order to do away with the usual bureaucratic hardship of compliance and processes that will be encountered by potential individual applicants in securing Certificate of Non-Coverage and Environmental Compliance Certificate. If for example an area being allocated and zone as tourist area/ new growth area, the best option is for the LGU to apply for a programmatic Environmental Impact Assessment covering the zone area to facilitate the easiness of doing business. In this way potential locators and investors can establish and operate their businesses immediately


Institutional Aspects of Philippine Infrastructure Planning a. Legal and Institutional Enabling Mechanism Puerto Princesa City has a city planning and development officer and a city engineer. It has an Office of the Building Official under the Office of the City Engineer. However, the city does not have a city architect.

While Puerto Princesa City has newly acquired a highly urbanized city status, it nevertheless has to comply with the requirements of Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act (RA 7611).

b. Inter-and Intra-Departmental Relationships The Puerto Princesa CPDO is responsible for issuance of zoning clearance. Application for Development permits for subdivisions are first examined by the Zoning Department. Technical aspects such as road network, drainage, and water and power supply are then checked by the Office of the Building Official for endorsement to the Development Control and Environmental Protection Committee. Technical requirements for subdivisions are in accordance with HLURB Guidelines. Puerto Princesa City has an Office of the Building Official, in charge of implementing the Building Code, under the Office of the City Engineer. The primary function of the city engineer is to plan, coordinate, and supervise the construction, maintenance, and improvement of roads, bridges and other infrastructure projects of the city. He is also responsible for the technical evaluation of development plans for approval of the city council through the Office of the Building Official. c. Infrastructure Planning Work Capacity The goals and objectives of the city for infrastructure are stated in its CLUP, which is to attain a planned and attractive built environment. This includes transportation, water supply, drainage/sanitation and sewerage and other infrastructure projects. The vision of Puerto Princesa City is: “a model city in sustainable development, exhibiting the character of a city in a forest and demonstrating the proper balance between development and environment”.


The CLUP proposed to expand the Central Business District to include four barangays to the north of the present business district. This would create additional demand for energy, water, and transport system that should be considered in the planning process. Road and drainage system in the proposed new growth areas have to be improved to attract investors. The proposed new airport terminal in Puerto Princesa City could enhance tourism but at the same time require more efficient land transport system. City roads should be enhanced to improve traffic flow. The following are the desired quality of the built environment as lifted from the CDP of Puerto Princesa City: d. Water Supply System and Sewerage

The goal is for the water utilities to be fully upgraded to level 3. Liquid waste management facilities must also start its operation. The Puerto Princesa City sources its water both from ground water and surface water source for its water supply. The city is being served by the Puerto Princesa City Water District. Based on the CLUP, the Puerto Princesa City Water District serves all 35 urban barangays, but only two rural barangays. Lack of available water supply is still being experienced particularly during summer. Efforts are underway to tap additional surface water source from Iwahig-Montible area. However, it was noted that efforts are being hampered by bureaucratic issues. No data is available for neither non-revenue water nor the percentage of households served. The city has no sewage treatment facility. Households and businesses use individual septic tanks. Based on the consultation, some households and small business establishments, however may not have septic tanks. A sewerage system for the city should be pushed especially for an environmentally-protected area such as Puerto Princesa City. The Puerto Princesa City Water District shared that sewage treatment facility for the city is already in the planning stage. A Septage Ordinance had already been passed by the city council requiring 3-chamber septic tanks. e. Drainage System The city aims to have a well-energized drainage system in place that will make the city flood-free. The lack of drainage system was observed in most roads outside the old district. This could have been aggravated by clayey nature of soil observed during the visit resulting in road cracking. The issue of construction quality particularly in road construction was brought out during the consultation with the business group and civil society organizations. Some roads, particularly those implemented by the national government, were constructed at higher elevations than the existing lots creating catch basins out of the lots and making drainage difficult. A significant number of barangays have been identified in CLUP as susceptible to flooding. Among these barangays are Bancao-Bancao, San Miguel, San Pedro, San Jose in the central business district. A comprehensive drainage master plan is apparently lacking for the city though the City Engineer’s Office stated that there are drainage plans for priority catchment areas. CENRO noted that the city has no natural drainage map. The issue of some developers backfilling some creeks was also brought up due to the lack of natural drainage maps. It was recommended that the city should do hydrographic surveys to reclaim natural waterways.


f. Solid Waste Management System

The city aims to establish an environment-friendly Solid Waste Management System. The city’s landfill, which was opened 10 years ago, already reached its capacity. Currently, the city, generating about 120 tons of waste per day, is considering waste-to-energy project. g. Transport System The city’s goals: 100 percent city thoroughfares developed; city road networks well-articulated; inter-modal transport linkages established; land transport terminal and services of national standard. Stakeholders complain about traffic particularly in the main thoroughfares such as the Puerto Princesa South Road and Manalo St. The location of these heavy traffic roads had already been identified in the CLUP. They take note of the narrow roads and lack of sidewalks. Due to the presence of the port within the city, heavy cargo trucks are traversing the city roads, contributing to traffic and perhaps damaging the city roads, which may not have designed for these heavy loads. Most city roads outside the old district lacks proper drainage system. Having observed that most part of the city proper have clayey soil deposit, the drainage issue becomes more important on the performance of the road. Longitudinal cracks were observed in a number of roads. New developments particularly the Puregold on the North Road and the SM Mall within the old district would further increase the traffic and should be taken into account. It may be noted that the North Road is a national road being used by the city for local traffic. It was also observed that even tricycles were plying the national road. Circulation could be improved by looping the road system to provide alternate routes and improving the geometric design of the road system. Mass transport system on city roads should also be considered. The city should re-think about the policy of allowing tricycles to use of national roads. Proposed new roads have been identified in the CLUP. To improve connectivity between the old CBD and the planned city extension, a coastal road along the Honda Bay shoreline and passing through barangays San Jose, San Manuel, San Pedro and San Miguel is proposed. There is also a proposed tunnel under the airport runway. Other transport-related plans proposed in the CLUP are:

1. Opening or development of subdivision roads to improve access in barangays San Miguel, San Manuel and San Jose with an estimated total length of 10 kilometers. This will eventually become the East Collector Road and will serve as the outer limit of the CBD.

2. Widening of Socrates-Abanico Road 3. Opening and development of abandoned road in Barangay Tiniguiban (Nestorio Lim)

property to NAPOCOR 4. Opening and development of subdivision roads in Sta. Monica going to the new public

market 5. Improvement of MP Road to Jalandoon (San Pedro) to Lanzanas, San Manuel to DYSP

and finally to North National Highway 6. Opening of new road from Socrates Road to Nadayao Road connecting to Taylor Road 7. Study feasibility of opening a coastal road from the seaport to Palumco. 8. A ferry system from the Baywalk going to the new government center in Sta. Monica is

also proposed.


h. Power System The city’s goal is to energize all rural and urban barangays. Puerto Princesa City is currently being served by independent power producers with the transmission being served by the National Power Corporation. Main sources of power are diesel-fired power plants. Palawan Electric Cooperative handles the power distribution for the city. Power outages are being experienced, which from consultation, can be attributed to a problem in the transmission facility. This has a significant effect on the business operation in the city, forcing the business establishments to rely on generator sets. Alternative sources of energy are being explored such as the proposed mini hydro plant in Langogan and solar power plant in Cabayugan. Use of solar panels in distant barangays such as in Sabang was also mentioned. i. Climate Change Adaptation System Puerto Princesa City does not usually experienced typhoons, earthquakes or other natural calamitie, but it experiences local flooding due to strong rains. However, the city is involved in the preparation of hazard-specific disaster plans such as for flooding, storm surges and chemical fire. As flood mitigation measures, they propose to use settling pond in certain areas such in Barangay Sta. Lourdes. They also require rainwater-harvesting facility for city-funded projects like schools and evacuation centers. There are also plans to provide bike lanes in the CBD to reduce carbon footprint. To prevent landslide and soil-related hazards, the city has a plan for soil stabilization in coastal areas and critical slopes. There are urban barangays identified to be vulnerable to storm surge. Based on the consultation, storm surge was experienced six years ago. Urban barangays identified to be vulnerable to storm surge includes – Bancao-Bancao (Sitio Jacana), Bagong Sikat, Bagong Silang, Liwanag, Mabuhay, and Pagkakaisa. In addition, rural barangays vulnerable to storm surge are as follows:

1. Napsan Cluster – Bagong Bayan, Napsan, Simpocan 2. Mangingisda Cluster – Inagawan, Inagawan Sub, Kamuning, Mangingisda 3. Bacungan Cluster – Bacungan, Macarascas 4. Cabayugan Cluster – Buenavista, Cabayugan, Marufinas, New Panggangan 5. San Rafael Cluster – Babuyan, Binduyan, Concepcion, Langogan, Lucban, Manalo, Maruyugon, San Rafael, Tanabag

Gaps Analysis


Coordination works with respect to projects being implemented by the national government or the provincial government should be strengthened. Implementation of the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan should also be harmonized with the city’s development plan. An example is shortage in aggregates available for construction work as a result of the strict implementation of the Strategic Environmental Plan.


b. Transport Master Plan

The proposed projects identified in the CLUP to improve transportation would require detailed engineering planning and could be proposed to DPWH or otherwise outsourced to private firms. The same for the proposed feasibility study for a coastal road from the seaport. Analysis of road network system supported by traffic studies could provide a better insight of the additional road requirements to ease the traffic. A transport master plan could help address the traffic problem of the city. The proposed pedestrianization of areas within the business district and establishment of bicycle lanes should be harmonized with the transport master plan.

c. Drainage Master Plan

Flooding has been identified as a major hazard to the city. Construction of drainage system has been proposed in the CDP. It has been noted that roads have been constructed without drainage in some areas of the city. This would need the formulation of a Comprehensive Drainage Master Plan.

d. Water Distribution System

Lack of sufficient water supply is a concern for the city. Only two rural barangays are currently served by the Puerto Princesa City Water District. Hence, the goal for the water utilities to be upgraded to level 3. No information was obtained for non-revenue water. Such data should be obtained and efficiency should be improved if non-revenue water turn out to be high.

e. Sewerage System

The city has no sewerage system and installation of a sewerage system should be prioritized in line with its goal of becoming a major tourist destination and to protect ground water source as well. A sewerage system master plan has to be prepared. f. Other Gaps Availability of construction materials such as aggregates and backfilling material is a consideration in the infrastructure plans for the city. Aggregates used in some big projects still have to be sourced from nearby islands. The stakeholders noted that there might be some areas outside the city, which could be used as quarry sources but these still have to be identified. Some species of timber could also be sourced from reforestation projects.

The presence of informal settlers along the coastline particularly along the banks of the Puerto Princesa Bay should be addressed by the city. Suitable relocation sites should be identified for the informal settlers. Resettlement areas, however, should provide employment or business opportunities for the families to be resettled. The business sector could be tapped to provide assistance in providing employment or business opportunities. Resettlement of informal families from the Bay Area could enhance the Bay’s economic potential and improve the water quality along the bay. Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations The 2011-2012 CLUP proposed a multi-centered development strategy designating five barangays as satellite service centers, namely, Napsan, Mangingisda, Bacungan, Cabayugan, and San Rafael. It also proposed the integration of the Old Poblacion with the new urban center at Barangay San Jose.


These proposed developments would require the preparation of master plans. The city recognized the need for technical assistance in the preparation of system plans such transport master plan including traffic management plan, and drainage master plan. The city could be assisted in preparing the TOR for hiring of consultants for the study.

5. GIS System Integration Capability This section on GIS contains excerpts from the more extensive stand-alone reports on the Assessment of GIS Systems for CDI Cities undertaken by a GIS Specialist. Parts included here are linked to the facilitation of climate-resilient land use and infrastructure planning capabilities. GIS Institutional Capacity The findings in the GIS institutional capacity of Puerto Princesa City were:

Despite the institutionalization of the City Management Information System Division under the CMO to adopt information technology in the delivery of services and in government operations, among others, the division’s role remains limited and unrecognized due to the lack of appreciation and/or awareness on the importance of ICT.

The City’s ISSP was approved but with limited financial support. Thus, proposed ICT-related programs and projects were not implemented. Aside from the Management Information System Division, other departments and offices were unaware of the presence of such plan. The ISSP also needs to be updated and re-formulated in collaboration with other departments.

The limited manpower allocation for GIS-related tasks, such as generating geospatial data, also needs to be re-evaluated – and updated, if necessary.


There are no data creation and management standards and practices across all departments. At the city level, standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, updating, and securing data and information are not yet in place. Moreover, standards and protocols for GIS implementation are also non-existent.

The current departmental relationships cannot effectively cope with the management of a large and growing volume of data and the regular maintenance and updating required. Data retrieval takes time due to bureaucratic processes.


The current situation of GIS implementation in Puerto Princesa City was presented based on the results of the assessment. Issues and gaps which hinder GIS implementation were highlighted during the presentation. Participants were able to validate the findings during the focus group discussion. A self-assessment activity was also conducted to affirm the results presented. The assessment activity asked participants to evaluate the capability of their own department based on the same parameters used to assess the institutional capacity of Puerto Princesa City in implementing a sustainable GIS. A self-assessment tool was utilized for this purpose. Participants were grouped


into three clusters to encourage discussion among departments in the same cluster and serve as critique to the self-assessment. The discussion after the presentation of the existing issues and gaps led to the assignment of weights for each component based on the importance of each component in the implementation of GIS in Puerto Princesa City. The participants agreed on a priority scale. They allotted 25 percent weight on institutional capacity and 20 percent each for technical competency, data, and software and systems components. They allotted 15 percent for hardware. Using these agreed weights, the total weighted score for all the five GIS components for the City Government of Puerto Princesa City is 1.64. This indicates that the city finds itself having a limited capacity in terms of existing resources to implement and streamline GIS. The low rating may also be translated as an increasing awareness for the need for GIS in the city’s operations. This rating may also be seen as an assertion that the city government should initiate improvements to create a suitable environment for GIS implementation. Serious efforts must be made to structure the legal and institutional arrangements and build the required databases as foundations toward full GIS implementation. To ensure its sustainability, investments must also be made to capacitate the technical staff and equip them with the GIS-ICT hardware and software requirements needed to efficiently and effectively perform their day-to-day functions. The GIS capacity score and the validation activity will inform the formulation of the Strategic Guide for Sustainable GIS Implementation for the City Government of Puerto Princesa City. Table 23. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Puerto Princesa City (Dakis, 2016)

Component Puerto Princesa City

CAS AW



Data 1.30 10%

Hardware 2.11 15%

Software 1.56 20%

GIS Capacity Score 1.64 Note: CAS – Capacity Score from Stakeholder Self-Assessment Survey AW: Allotted Weight based on Stakeholder Consultation

As shown in Table 23, GIS capacity scores vary depending on the perceived importance of GIS components through assigning weights. Across all cities, legal and institutional capacity were deemed most important in establishing, facilitating, and implementing a sustainable GIS within their city. Data and technical competency were considered to be more important than hardware and software/systems to support GIS implementation. A detailed discussion of GIS capacity needs assessment results is presented in the GIS Capacity Profile of each city (Figure 5).


Figure 5. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Puerto Princesa City







GIS Capability Building Strategies: Recommendations

Although the objective of the GIS-CNA was to determine barriers in GIS implementation, it has been comprehended that it is far more effective to start with realistic strategies and specific programs and projects than to address all issues all at once. During the GIS Validation Workshop, the GIS clusters agreed on the following strategies to ensure the sustainable implementation of GIS in the City Government of Puerto Princesa:


Establishment of the technical working group and GIS-ICT Management Board

Integrate GIS to ISSP

Institutionalize the unified numbering system using property index no. for the entire agency of CGPP which made in accordance with the Real Property Identification System (as mandated by the Bureau of Local Government Finance)

Identify the level of security for editing and updating GIS data

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00




Fiscal Management Cluster City Government of Puerto Princesa


Incorporate in the budget preparation of concern agencies, the enhancement, sustainability and maintenance of GIS-ICT equipment and capability building enhancement trainings

Develop a GIS-ICT Operations Manual standards and protocols that will govern operations and maintenance of GIS-ICT resources security

Incorporate sustainable GIS-ICT integrated with a technical and management structure/body through amendment of the PPS City ISSP thru and Executive Order

GIS Strategy No. 2: Establish a Centralized Geographic Information Management System as envisioned in the ISSP

Standard dataset for CGIMS

Centralization of record-keeping

Mapping of business establishments in a certain area; types of businesses

Track compliance of business registration (unregistered business establishments)

Development of CGIMS database: building inventory and monitoring of permits

Development of infra projects information systems

Development of CGIMS database: parcel database

Development of CGIMS database and IMS: Agricultural and Fisheries Production Areas and Interventions

Development of CGIMS database: CBMS household mapping information system

Development of CGIMS database: land/water use and zoning information system

Development of CGIMS database: land cover and land use analysis vis-à-vis Environmentally Critical Areas Network zonation information system

Development of CGIMS database: roads and bridges information system

Development of CGIMS database: rivers and creeks information system

Development of CGIMS database: power and lighting system

Development of CGIMS database: education (school) information system

Updating of land classification mapping (dataset)

Hazard mapping information system

Protected area mapping information system GIS Strategy No. 3: Establish a technical capacity building program that will enhance technical knowledge of staff in GIS to promote its use in performing departmental day-to-day functions.

Identify technical capacity building program to equip staff in GIS implementation

Technical Training for Database Management

Network Security

Validation of baseline data (forest cover, public land, etc.)

Resource basic inventory (PA, Wildlife, Metallic, non-metallic, etc.)

Preparation of maps (rivers, forest rehab, parks/PA, etc.)

Basic/Advanced GIS Training

Specialized GIS Training for DRRM o Basic and advanced GIS training for DRRM o Vulnerability and risk assessment through GIS o Remote sensing of hazards o Hazard mapping, impact modelling and projection o P3DM community-based



Acquire GIS-ICT equipment to support DRRM programs/projects/activities such as but not limited to hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment, impact modelling projections

o Workstations o Network infra o Data collection, processing, storage and printing hardware

Purchase of ICT equipment for GIS (servers, desktop and etc.) GIS Strategy No. 5: Develop a two-tiered GIS software solution, where appropriate FOSS4G GIS software is explored and adapted as software for departments without GIS while departments using proprietary GIS software are also provided institutional support.

Identify applicable GIS server software for CGIMS

Identify reliable open-source software and systems

Integrate in ISSP and adopt the two-tiered GIS set up with appropriation thru an ordinance GIS Strategy No. 6: Formulate an Information, Education and Communication Campaign Program that will enhance awareness and appreciation to the relevance and use of GIS

Formulate or promote web-based mapping related to DRRM

Applied GIS orientation activity to city government agencies focusing on the proposed two-tiered GIS configuration solution and efficient flow of data for inter- and intra- agency

Static display of P3DM maps, showcasing the integration to GIS 6. Proposed LUIGIS Capability Building Interventions for Puerto Princesa City:

Recommendations The findings and recommendations for Puerto Princesa City is consolidated and simplified into a Summary Table as shown Table 25: Table 25. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Puerto Princesa City


Area


Current State


Land Use Planning

Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Puerto Princesa City.






Supplemental Guidelines on

With only one (1) In-house Registered Planning Professional








Area


Current State


Mainstreaming Climate Change and Disaster Risks in CLUP/CDRA






Long and tedious processing of EIA application

Need to explore the possibility of applying programmatic EIA to do away with the tedious process of EIA applications and processing

CPDO to initiate and coordinate with concerned government agencies on the possibility of the adoption of a programmatic EIA




CPDO to conduct further analysis on the identified areas for relocation sites to ascertain its suitability

Provide continuous science-based info on particularly on hydro-met hazard to city residence and visitors







Active DCEPC serves as LZBA

DCEPC need to be capacitated and strengthened

CPDO to design and implement capability building for the DCEPC


One (1) growth areas (Poblacion and the new CBD) and 5 Rural Service Center





Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Puerto Princesa City.





Office of the Architect to do architectural plan and









Area


Current State


design; no such office in PP City

PP City Office of Building Official under the City Engineer

Has to consider ECAN in its infrastructure projects


No available data on Non-Revenue Water

Only 2 rural barangays being served

No sewerage system

No clear program for service coverage expansion

Low water pressure being experienced in the city

Lacks technical personnel to do sewerage system design

Use of surface water, such as that from Iwahig-Montible Area as a source for water for irrigation, domestic water, and energy supply should be considered

Provide Technical Assistance to check and reduce NRW


Drainage System

Flooding in areas such as Bancao-Bancao, San Miguel, San Pedro, San Jose in the CBD

Creeks are being backfilled by developers


Need for hydrologic study for the city


Waterways are not adequately mapped


Provide Technical Assistance for Hydrologic Study


Provide assistance in mapping of waterways


120 tons of waste produced daily

landfill is now full

Need to find a location for sanitary landfill

Possible assistance in the development of TOR for bidding of sanitary landfill project

Transport System

Heavy traffic particularly along main thoroughfares

Increased traffic that could be attributed to recently completed development projects


Lack of sidewalks

Tricycles plying national highway








Develop a harmonized Comprehensive Transport & Traffic Management Plan including possible ban of tricycles on national roads

Power System

Main supply of power is diesel-fired power plants

Power outages regularly being experienced due to problem in transmission facility

Need for alternative/renewable energy sources such as mini-hydro or solar

Need to coordinate with National Government Agencies such as National Power Corporation

Assist in conducting feasibility of tapping Iwahig or other rivers as source for irrigation, domestic water, and energy

Coordinate with NAPOCOR regarding upgrade of transmission line


Linear park development along the Bay Area as a buffer zone





Area


Current State


Measures such as use of water retention basins not being adopted


Use of water retention basins in government properties / facilities and be required as a Development Control measure



Entries here are based on this Report and the Geographic Information System Capacity Profile and the Strategic Guide to Sustainable GIS Implementation for Puerto Princesa City. The entries in the Current State are the results of the Self-Assessment Tool by clusters. The Tool Score Guide is listed in the GIS Section.




ISSP 2013-2015 (currently updating ISSP 2015 – 2017) approved but with limited financial support

GIS not yet considered in the existing ISSP

No system is currently in place for inter-departmental data sharing

Lack of standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, and data and information

Poor compliance to the approved ICT Usage and Security Policy


Lack of a technical group (i.e. City CISSP-TWG and CISSP SC as indicated in the ISSP) to support city-wide GIS implementation





Lack of an inventory of all data sets

Aside from some departments, available spatial data are not GIS-ready or are in formats that cannot be utilized using GIS


Weak implementation and compliance to policies (i.e. Approved ICT usage and security policy) that ensure proper management and security of data and information




Hardware system specifications are capable of

Establish a technical capacity-building program



Area


Current State



running GIS software/ applications but are not fully optimized for GIS use

Data gathering hardware are not fully optimized for field inspection and data collection


Some departments prefer to maintain small office design to avoid usage limitations and monitoring standards

that will enhance technical knowledge of the staff with regard to GIS and thus promote its use in the performance of the departments’ day-to-day functions.



Hardware system specifications are capable of running GIS software/ applications but are not fully optimized for GIS use

Data gathering hardware are not fully optimized for field inspection and data collection.








GIS Capacity Score




E. Tagbilaran City

1. Introduction Tagbilaran is the capital and a component city of the Province of Bohol. It is situated some 630 kilometers southeast of Manila and 72 kilometers south of Cebu City. Tagbilaran lies on the southwestern part of the province, and has a total land area of 3,270 hectares, including about thirteen kilometers of coastline. The City of Tagbilaran lies at 9 39’ 20.6” North Longitude and 123 51’ 55.05” East Latitude in the world map. It is situated 630 kilometers southeast of Manila and 72 kilometers south of Cebu City, the regional capital of the Central Visayas Region. Tagbilaran lies on the southwestern part of the Island Province of Bohol. It is bounded on the North by the towns of Cortes and Corella, on the East by the towns of Baclayon and Corella, on the South by the Tagbilaran Strait and West by the Maribojoc Bay. The city forms an elongated strip varying in width from 500 meters at its narrowest to 2 kilometers at its widest following the configuration of the shoreline. Ridges with an average altitude of 30 meters run almost parallel to the shoreline. Two peaks rise on both ends of the ridge, Elley Hill (100-meters) on the north and Banat-i (145-meters) on the south. Except for these protrusions, the terrain ranges from moderately rolling with prevailing slopes from 3 to 6 percent along the coastlines to generally flat and level land. Tagbilaran sits on a generally flat limestone formation with a relatively thin soil cover. The shallow superficial and unconsolidated soils are derived from the residual weathering of underlying coralline limestone. Due to the thin soil cover, bedrocks crop out even in low-lying portions, including shore areas. The hills (Mts. Elley and Banat-i) and the ridges are practically without soil cover due to the fairly rapid surface water run-off. Natural sinkholes and sunken areas, varying in sizes to as big as 2 hectares, are predominant and serve as the natural drainage or catch basin of storm water. There are also numerous underground caves formed through the action of surface waters infiltrating the normal fissures and joints of the substrate. There are two main soil types: Faraon and Bolinao clay. Faraon clay is more dominant, covering about 2,139.16 hectares or 63 percent of the total land area and is mostly found in coastal barangays. The Bolinao clay accounts for 1,131.74 hectares or 34.7 percent of the total land area and are mostly found in the hinterland barangays. The vegetation cover is generally open grassland with patches of woody shrubs and bushes. Agricultural cash crops are marginal. Permanent crops or fruit trees are occasionally grown with few stands of timber trees. Patches of mangrove are grown in shore areas. The coastline is irregular with a total length of about 13 kilometers. It comprises of eight barangays, stretching from Barangay Bool in the South to Barangay Manga in the North. The other coastal barangays are: Mansasa, Poblacion I, Poblacion 3, Cogon, Booy, Taloto and Ubujan. Beaches are predominantly rocky or stony and characteristically narrow and rise abruptly into rocky cliffs. The climate is typically tropical with no distinct wet and dry seasons. Rainfall is fairly distributed throughout the year and precipitation tends to be heavier during the second half. Temperature averages 27.6 degrees centigrade and relative humidity varies from 81 to 88 percent. Prevailing winds for the months of November to May are of the northeast direction, while the winds from June to October are of variable directions. Prevailing wind direction is northeasterly with velocities ranging from 1 to 2 miles per second. The city is protected from the southwest monsoon by the

http://www.bohol.gov.ph/

http://www.manila.gov.ph/

http://www.cebucity.gov.ph/


Island of Panglao and from the cold stream of the north wind by the Maribojoc mountain range. Typhoons and earthquakes are rare. 2. City Challenges in Urban Resilience

In Tagbilaran City, minor and major fault lines are evident on the island of Bohol as shown by terraced escarpments occurring in its southern and central parts. The terraced escarpments in the Ilihan Formation as well as the graben at the Anda Peninsula are manifestations of these faults. Steep escarpments notably in Loon, Tagbilaran and in the Anda Peninsula further prove vertical upliftment caused by tectonics. Earthquakes have been felt in Bohol but only an average of one perceptible shock is reported each year. Major faults usually trend towards the northeast. Three earthquakes with a magnitude above 4 on the Richter Scale were reported in 1998 in the province of Bohol; the greatest magnitude recorded at the time was 4.7, in June that year). But in October 15, 2013, an earthquake with magnitude 7.2 struck, whose epicenter was near Sagbayan, Bohol. It damaged houses, churches, the seaport, the airport, and even the city hall in Tagbilaran. Twenty-one people were injured in the city, and four died. Environmental risk to the city do exist as exemplified by the recent earthquake. The city is exposed to extreme levels of danger due to the location of surrounding features or proximity to earthquake faults. Landslides, flooding and tsunami are the other hazards that have great impact on the communities, properties and livelihood. Sinkholes were also found in some of Tagbilaran City’s districts: Poblacion, Bool, Mansasa, Cabawan, Tiptip and Cogon. Inappropriate development also leads to greater disaster risks. The poor location of settlements, economic activities and infrastructures, inappropriate use of resources and rapid urban growth exert pressure resulting to further degradation to the environment and spawn more vulnerable communities. In the event of calamities due to natural hazards, vulnerable communities may not be able to cope and hence, will result in a disaster which will eventually lead to risk accumulation and bigger losses when disaster occurs in the area. Tagbilaran City must, therefore, take action to mitigate the risk from natural hazards. 3. Land Use Planning Capability

Land-Use Planning Work Capacity Comprehensive Land Use Planning Tagbilaran City is currently revising its CLUP with another planning period of 10 years (2016-2025) with a Vision: “A highly livable City by 2020: The Family Haven of the Philippines.” The preparation basically done in-house with the technical assistance from the Provincial Planning and Development Office (PPDO). The CPDO serves as secretariat and leading unit coordinating in the CLUP preparation process. It actively gathered planning data from different LGU Departments and from the line agencies that will serve as input in plan preparation. The office also ably coordinated with the different sectors of the city to participate in the conduct of series of workshops. Table 26 shows the role of the CPDO and other stakeholders involved in CLUP preparation.


Table 26. Role of the Different City Stakeholders in the CLUP Preparation Process: Tagbilaran City

Steps in CLUP preparation (per HLURB Revised Guidebook 2013)


PPDO Bohol

Province

CDPO Sectoral Committees/TW

G (multi-stakeholders)

Local Development

Council

City Council


2. Identify Stakeholders Secretariat and main doer

3. Set the Vision TA* and Resource Group

Secretariat, facilitator and participants





TA and Resource Group

Secretariat, facilitator participants and planning data provision

Participants in discussion and deliberation, data provision particularly those come from LGU department and line agencies









6. Establish Dev’t Thrusts and Spatial

Strategies















TA Secretariat and resource group


Main doer





Main implementer

Oversight





Oversight

*TA: Technical Assistance


Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment In the Sectoral Studies (Volume 3), hazards data were gathered from different line agencies and analysis were conducted using GIS. These hazard can be grouped into: (1) Hydro meteorological, (2) geological; and (3) Man-made hazards (Urban Fire). Hydro-meteorological are tropical cyclones, rain-induced landslides, flooding in certain areas and drought. Geological hazards are considered as the greatest threat to the city. Basically these are earthquakes, ground shaking, liquefaction and tsunami. Bohol Province has active faults - the North Bohol, East Bohol and the South Offshore faults. The South Offshore Fault originates from east Bohol traversing off the coast of Anda, Jagna then running southwards to the island of Siquijor could be a potential tsunami generator. Presence of sinkholes all over the city are basically part of its natural features owing the geo-morphological origin of Bohol Island, basically limestone formation. These sinkholes are potentially hazardous to infrastructure and buildings. Adaptation and mitigation measures were identified through a series of multi-stakeholders’ consultation workshops. These adaptation and mitigation measures are incorporated into the DRRM CCA Plan of the City which is the subject of implementation primarily by various stakeholders: City DRRM Office, other key Departments of the City, private sector, NGOs/ civil society organizations and academe. Land Accounting and Land Use Area Allocation There are two basic considerations in land accounting process undertaken in LGU land use planning: the existing national policies of the government and the existing hazards in the LGU, particularly on geological and hydro-meteorological aspects. Annex 10 shows some of the national policies that influenced land accounting and land-use allocation regime considered in the conduct of land-use planning exercise particularly in the determination of non-buildable and buildable area within Tagbilaran City. Practically the whole land area of the city of 3,270.10 hectares can be categorized as urban land except for few such as mangrove dotted along portion of coastal areas and the remaining portion of agricultural land of 326 hectares. Future development may consider urban densification but this has to be made with utmost consideration on the presence of natural sinkholes. Other strategy is to move the development outside of the city that will be participated by the adjoining municipalities. Table 27 shows the comparative land and water use allocation of Tagbilaran City. Table 27. Comparative Land Use Allocation, Tagbilaran City

Land-use Existing (hectares) Proposed (hectares)

Difference

Urban

Residential 2,226.686 2,051.046 (175.64)

Commercial 127.548 138.531 10.98

Local Commercial 334.189 375.599 41.41

Commercial High Risk Zone 2.547 2.55

Commercial No Build Zone 3.905 3.90

General Institutional 88.806 88.997 0.19

Special Institutional 17.586 20.195 2.61

Parks/Plaza/Recreational 95.988 118.339 22.35

Light Industrial 6.389 77.739 71.35

Infrastructure/Other Utilities 16.740 16.426 (0.31)

Housing (Economic & Socialized) 17.000 20.000 3.00

Relocation Site 19.100 19.10

Tourism 33.474 22.646 (10.83)


Agricultural:

Agri-livestock 143.176 143.176

Agro-industrial 29.672 29.672 29.672

Timberland/Forest Zone 80.356 111.954 31.60

Special Use:

Dumpsite (Converted to City MRF) 2.529 2.529

Cockpit 0.371 0.371

Cemetery 9.320 12.000 2.68

Mineral/Quarry – Slaughterhouse 1.500 2.000 0.50

Water Use:

Reclamation (Boulevard) 81.660 81.660

Mangroves/Swamp 25.505 25.505

MPAs/Sanctuary 2.500 3.000 0.50

Tourism (resorts, recreation) 1.00 1.00

Infrastructure (fish landing, ports, etc.) 1.00 3.00 2.00

Total 3,260.335 3,370.938 110.60

Source: Tagbilaran City CLUP Executive Briefer

Zoning Development and Implementation Zoning Ordinance as a regulatory tool in the implementation of the CLUP guided the CPDO in its implementation. It provides guidelines as to the conformity and nonconformity of use in a given zone areas. The LZBA has been an active institution providing support to the CPDO on issues relating to land use and zoning. During the consultation workshop, it was also mentioned that the current airport right in the city is being eyed to be converted into mix-used development area once the airport will be eventually transferred to Panglao Island. The city government must take a proactive role because converting such area will serve as additional center of the city in terms of economic growth. Special Area Detailed Planning, proper zoning and regulation are tools that need to be implemented. The plan reclamation on portion of the channel was also mentioned, though this has been proposed by some sectors for several years. In fact, it is being earmarked in the land-use allocation. Whether the reclamation is environmentally sound for a narrow channel is still subject for further comprehensive investigation through an Environmental Impact study. It was also mentioned that during the workshop that LDIP/AIP as a tool in program and project implementation is not also being maximized to realize a preferred urban form through Area Master Planning. Like in other CDI cities, land-use change monitoring is not regularly done in the city. For Tagbilaran City where land is a given constraint for future urban development it is very important to keep tab of the change in land uses within the City using GIS and other tools in mapping Special Area Detailed Planning There are tentatively four major growth centers identified based on the discussion with key CPDO personnel. These will be finalized along the process of preparing the CLUP (volume 1). Like in other CDI cities, the poblacion old CBD of Tagbilaran City has its urban pattern of grid iron and traffic connectivity. However, beyond it, the urban pattern are more of linear in physical development. Mostly, development occurs along major thoroughfare, particularly along the national road.


Various stakeholders also shared their urban woes: narrow roads, obstructed sidewalks, some city roads have no sidewalks, eye sore and dangling electrical and communication wires and traffic congestion are becoming a problem particularly along major thoroughfares of the city roads and intersections. This pattern of development need to be resolved through a Special Area Detailed Planning to enhance the city’s overall physical image. Technical Competency a. Registered Planning Professional/Competency Level Currently, only one technical person is a registered planning professional at the CPDO. However, there are other technical personnel who are qualified to take the examination. These personnel have been with the CPDO for years handling planning, programming, project development and zoning functions and responsibilities. Professionalizing these qualified technical personnel in the practice of Environmental Planning are way forward in compliance to Republic Act No. 10587. b. Other Related Professional/Competency level The CPDO has some personnel with competency and skills in GIS operations. They provided the spatial analysis and mapping needs for the office. This particular skill must be strengthened by providing hands-on training to other personnel who have the passion in mapping and GIS operations. GIS and mapping capability is vital to the CPDO, particularly in the conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning. Gap Analysis a. Institutional Capacity The legal institutional framework for Land Use Planning has been amply provided for in the Local Government Code, HLURB guidebook, and related issuances concerning land use planning. Planning exercise at the LGU has two dimension: one is political and the other is technical. The political exercise come into play during the process of approval at the different levels: (1) at the Local development planning; (2) City Council (Sanggunian Panlungsod); and (3) at the Provincial Land-Use Committee and Sangguniang Panlalawigan. At the Local Development Council level, it is very important that its members must also immerse in the technical planning exercise at the sectoral committee or at the technical working group. This is very important so that when it comes to the deliberation of the plans particularly on CLUP and plans of the LGU at the Local Development Council proper, they already knew beforehand particularly on the technical ramifications of the plan. Approval therefore is appropriately facilitated. The same is true with the members of the city council. While they are busy in legislative work of the city, it may be prudent also to once in a while take part in the CLUP process and other planning exercise at the sectoral committee level and to join in the technical discussion and deliberation of the City’s different plans. In this way the technical and political are intertwine in the planning exercise. The LZBA as part of the institutional support in CLUP implementation thru the Zoning Ordinance must also be continuously strengthened. They must be knowledgeable and provided with science-based information particularly on hazards to appropriately provide informed decisions relating to the City Zoning regulations.


b. Capacity in Work Coverage The CPDO true to its mandates is the leading LGU Department in the CLUP preparation and coordinating the preparation of other sectoral plans as required by law and by the national agencies of the government. There is a need to further equip the CPDO with technical knowledge in Special Area Detailed Planning. Area Detailed Plans will also serve as basis for specific infrastructure planning requirement, such as circulation networks, drainage and sewerage and other utilities needed in urban development. c. Competency/Capability of Technical Personnel Following the passage of the Republic Act No. 10587, An Act Regulating the Practice of Environmental Planning, there is a need to level-up the competency of the qualified personnel at the CPDO by way of taking the examination. A technical assistance through the conduct of review class may be provided to these qualified personnel. Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations Below are some recommendations/proposed interventions to strengthen Urban Planning and Development capability for Tagbilaran City: 1. Conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning The identified growth centers of the City need further detailed area planning once a revise CLUP is finally approved by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan. The CPDO may choose one priority growth area to serve as pilot testing. A TOR must be prepared and this will serve as basis of hiring a consulting firm if the City may opt to engage one. In the conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning, the following must be considered in urban designing:

a. Lot parcel and property information and the conduct of social preparation activities for Area Detailed Planning;

b. Connectivity and circulation pattern within and outside the growth area; c. Design of utilities placement (above ground or underground); d. Allocation of parks as open spaces. This could be of multi-functional open spaces such as

re-charge areas, flood catch-basin, etc.; e. Preservation of heritage areas and structures and an adaptive reuse strategy must guide

must be incorporated in the conduct of urban renewal and redevelopment; f. Mixed-use development and compact urban design which optimize the used of green

technologies to reduce risk, mitigate and improve climate resiliency; g. Identification of visual corridors; h. Consider inclusive urban development by proper allocation of space for the urban poor

residence; h. Consider strategy such as land swapping, land consolidation, land banking and even

Transfer of Development Rights particular in established growth center area plan for urban renewal (brownfield areas); and

i. Consideration to the introduction of Transit Oriented Development. Tagbilaran City as a provincial capital serve as gateway of Bohol particularly for local and foreign tourist, center of trade and commerce and hub of the province transport system. Within the City, jeepneys and tricycles are the common mode of transport. These public mode of transport are becoming more of a problem in terms of traffic and source of mobile pollution. It is in context that Transit Oriented Development strategy will have to be studied for its possibility of adoption in the near future.


2. Conduct of comprehensive study of the sinkholes and cave system within Tagbilaran City The sinkholes and cave system are given constraints in city’s physical development. Through the years and as the urban areas grows, these sink holes are the receptacle of wastes generated and rain water around the city. The vertical sinkholes are connected with each other thru horizontal sinkholes which basically serves as underground waterway underneath the city. As urban densification and expansion gaining momentum and considering also that tremors occasionally happens due to presence of faults, there is a real need to consider this constraint and this should form part of the overall consideration in the physical development of the city. To better inform these natural geological features, comprehensive study of the sinkholes and cave systems within the city must be conducted. The MGB conducted an initial study but it only covers around 50 sinkholes. There are about 300 sinkholes within the city as mentioned during the consultation workshop. 3. Conduct thorough study on the environmental impact of the planned coastal reclamation Included in the proposed land use allocation is the reclamation on portion of the channel between Panglao Island. It was mentioned that an approximate of 200 meters wide will be reclaimed thus effectively covering 1/3 of the width of the channel. Whether the reclamation along the channel is environmentally sound remains to be seen, but the current state of the channel is not so good because of the obstructions with the presence of riprap and reclamation by some private groups and the presence of two access bridges which also utilizes the simple systems of riprapping and earth filling. All this leaves only an estimated 15 m. for the bridge span. This will constrict and obstruct the cleansing effect and tidal flow of the channel. Visually, these obstructions are eye sores to the natural seascape of the channel. There is a need for a comprehensive study that will also look into other bridge-building technologies. 4. Capacity for Land-use change monitoring particularly on urban land Land-use change monitoring needs to be developed and institutionalized particularly at the CPDO. The CPDO also needs information from City Engineering Office and Assessors to effect a land-use change monitoring. A platform of data sharing mechanism must be established among offices of the LGUs, particularly also those data necessary for planning, project implementation, monitoring and regulation enforcement. 5. Conduct of continuing capability building on the following:

a. Conduct of appropriate GIS training to qualified personnel of the LGU particularly CPDO

personnel; b. Mechanism for data sharing and capability for land-use change monitoring using GIS and

other mapping technology; c. Assistance to CPDO selected personnel for the professionalization in the practice of

environmental planning; and d. Continuing capability building and institutional strengthening of the LDC and other

institutional support mechanism as stipulated in LGC meant to strengthen Land-use and Urban Development planning capacity and zoning regulations.


4. Infrastructure Planning Capability Institutional Aspects of Philippine Infrastructure Planning a. Legal and Institutional Enabling Mechanism

Tagbilaran City has a city planning and development officer and a city engineer. However, like other cities, it does not have a city architect. b. Inter-and Intra-Departmental Relationships Tagbilaran CPDO is responsible for issuance of Locational Clearance for buildings and subdivision projects. Technical requirements for subdivisions are in accordance with HLURB Guidelines. Technical assistance is also provided by Bohol PPDO. Tagbilaran City has an Office of the Building Official, in charge of implementing the Building Code, under the Office of the City Engineer. Also under the Office of the City Engineer are the Maintenance, Planning, and Construction Division. Based on the consultation, the Office of the Building Official has four civil engineers and an electrical engineer while the other divisions have an architect and two engineers. The primary function of the city engineer is to plan, coordinate, and supervise the construction, maintenance, and improvement of roads, bridges and other infrastructure projects of the city. The city engineer is also responsible for the technical evaluation of development plans for approval of the city council. It may be noted that while the Office of the Building Official has five technical personnel, there are only three technical personnel under the Office of the City Engineer to do the planning, supervision, construction and maintenance of city infrastructure projects. Infrastructure Planning Work Capacity Tagbilaran City’s vision is to make the city livable. The goals and objectives of the city are set forth in the city’s CLUP. The land use plan, however, has just been recently approved by the city council and a copy of the document is still unavailable for reference. Four growth areas were identified, including the present site of the airport with the proposed transfer to Panglao Island. The following represents the understanding of the city’s infrastructure status and needs based on the focused group discussions with various stakeholders: a. Water Supply System and Sewerage Tagbilaran sources its water mostly from ground water. The City is being served by Bohol Water Utilities (a private company), and the Tagbilaran City Waterworks System. Based on the consultation, water supply not available for 24 hours per day. Tagbilaran City Waterworks System currently supplies 4256 m3 of water to 10 barangays. It is expected to increase its production by 872 m3 upon completion of two pumping units in Barangays Tiptip and Ubujan. Another three pumping units proposed to be funded by DILG through SALINTUBIG (Sagana at Ligtas na Tubig sa Lahat) also in the same barangays could potentially add another 1,308 m3. However, no information on the percentage number of households tapped to Tagbilaran City Waterworks System was obtained. Some issues were raised on the quality of water, particularly the calcium


carbonate content as well as the availability of water supply in some instances. Tapping of available ground water source for Bohol should be explored. Currently, Tagbilaran City has yet to establish a sewage treatment facility. Septage Ordinance has not also been passed. Households and businesses use individual septic tanks. Based on the consultation, some households, if not most households, may not have septic tanks. A sewerage system for the city should be prioritized considering the geology of the city with all its sinkholes and the fact that main source of domestic water supply is ground water. The hilly terrain of the city should also be a consideration in the design of the sewerage for the city. Zoning of sewage treatment facilities was proposed to address this constraint. b. Drainage System Localized flooding is a concern for Tagbilaran City. The hilly terrain of Tagbilaran City was identified as a constraint on proper drainage of storm water. Some roads were constructed at higher elevation than the existing lots creating catch basins out the lots and making drainage difficult. A drainage master plan is apparently lacking. The city should prepare a drainage master plan for adequate drainage. Use of water detention or retention basins should be explored to reduce flooding. c. Solid Waste Management System Tagbilaran City generates around 30 tons of garbage daily. For lack of space for sanitary landfill within the city, a cluster of cities and municipalities were formed to have a common sanitary landfill. There is, thus, an Albuquerque Cluster Sanitary Landfill Project located in Albor to serve Tagbilaran together with other municipalities including Albuquerque, Baclayon, Balilihan, Corella, Cortes, Dauis, Lila, Loboc, Maribojoc, Panglao, and Sikatuna. The PhP300 million project is being implemented by the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority. However, there are still some issues regarding the turnover of the project and the landfill is not yet in operation. d. Transport System Stakeholders are beginning to feel the effect of traffic. The narrow roads and lack of sufficient parking spaces are contributory factors to these. It was also raised during the consultation that proper setback of structures had not been followed in some structures. There are also concerns on lack of sidewalks or obstructions on sidewalks. The location of warehousing facilities inside the City was also brought up as a concern with large, heavy cargo trucks traversing the city roads. Proposed projects mentioned in the consultation to alleviate the problem includes widening of roads and a proposed third bridge connecting Tagbilaran City and Panglao Island as part of the plan to move the airport to Panglao. The city plans to clear the sidewalks in line with its vision of a walkable city. Note that at present, tricycles are still the predominant mode of transport within the city. e. Power System Bohol Province is dependent on electricity on the Visayas grid which sources its power mostly from the Leyte Geothermal Power Plant. When Leyte was hit by Typhoon Yolanda in 2013, the city had no electricity for almost a month. This had a significant effect on the business operation in the city. During the consultation, the provincial governor and the business community said they are identifying possible alternative energy sources for Bohol Province. Potential use of Malinao Dam for multi-purpose use was discussed by the governor of Bohol Province.


f. Climate Change Adaptation System While Tagbilaran City had previously been visited by typhoons such as Nitang (1984), the city does not seem to have a climate change adaptation strategy in place. The recent Bohol (2013) earthquake has apparently focused the attention of the city to disaster risk mitigation against geo-physical hazards. Though the city was subsequently hit by Typhoon Wilma, which triggered floods less than two weeks after the earthquake, the effect of the earthquake was far more devastating for the people of Tagbilaran City and Bohol Province. There are nevertheless efforts in the academic community to conduct joint research with foreign institutions in the field of climate-change adaptation particularly on the area of wind-design of structures. Hand hazard analysis had also already been incorporated in the CLUP formulation of the city. There are also efforts on the part of the private sector to adopt climate change adaptation measures such as conversion of 500 sqm of concrete pavement to grass by the University of Bohol and use of solar panels by Holy Name University. Gaps Analysis a. Institutional Capacity The city was assisted by the PPP Center in preparing a master plan for the transfer of Tagbilaran airport to Panglao. This includes a third bridge to link the Island of Panglao to Tagbilaran City. This development could further enhance tourism in both islands and the need for more infrastructure. In addition to the preparation of various LGU required plans, the CPDO takes charge of the implementation of development controls for private subdivisions. At present, the city has only three technical personnel under the Office of the City Engineer tasked to do engineering planning, supervision, construction and maintenance of city infrastructure projects. The number of available technical personnel would not be sufficient to do additional tasks such as detailed engineering (road, drainage, transport) masterplan for the city. There is apparent lack of sufficient coordination with the city with regards to the design elevation of roads and bridges including drainage system being implemented by the national government. Coordination with the national or regional government projects related to infrastructure could further be improved. b. Capacity in Work Coverage Tagbilaran City has identified some solutions to address the gaps in infrastructure:

Formulation of Area Drainage Master Plans

Formulation of Transport Master Plan

Improvement of road network

Pedestrianization of specific commercial areas

Establishment of sewerage system To achieve these goals of addressing the infrastructure gaps, the city should have the capability to do detailed master planning or to outsource them to private firms.


c. Transport Master Plan Narrow roads, lack of proper building setback, and lack of parking spaces were among the reasons cited for the observed traffic in the city. Another factor observed to be contributing to the traffic is the use of sidewalks by the vendors rather than being used by the pedestrians. At present, tricycles are also the most common mode of transport within the city. The city could formulate a comprehensive transport plan to address the increasing traffic problem. Alternate, more efficient, modes of transport other than tricycles, could be explored. However, with only a few technical personnel, this function could be contracted out by the city. d. Drainage Master Plan Local flooding has also been identified as a major concern to the city. Formulation of area drainage master plans is therefore essential as a preliminary step in flood mitigation. Possibility of adopting retention or detention basins could be a part of the area drainage master plans. Areas identified to be underlain with sinkholes or cavities could be put into good use as detention or retention basins as well as open space or park. e. Water Distribution System Bohol Water Utilities and Tagbilaran City Waterworks System provide the domestic water supply for the city. However, there seems to be a problem on the water source, which is basically from ground water source. TCWS currently improves its system by constructing new wells in two barangays. The Province of Bohol also has, in proposal stage, a waterworks project for a cluster of municipalities, including Tagbilaran, the Inter-Municipal Water Supply System Project that would tap the Abatan-Loboc River. Apart from the problem of the water source, Tagbilaran City Waterworks System should also look into its water distribution system for possible efficiency improvement. No information on non-revenue water as well as water demand projection has been provided. f. Sewerage System The city has yet to establish a sewerage system. A sewage treatment facility should be provided to protect ground water source as well. Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations In addition to proposed new growth centers, new subdivisions are being developed in Tagbilaran City. This would require developing demand projections and detailed master plans. The city could be assisted in preparing the TOR for hiring of consultants for the study. Development controls should also be adequately defined for implementation. Consequently, development controls pertaining to storm water management and traffic impact should be reviewed. The city could be assisted in the conduct of the review of these development controls. 5. GIS System Integration Capability This section on GIS contains excerpts from the more extensive stand-alone reports on the Assessment of GIS Systems for CDI Cities undertaken by a GIS specialist. Parts included here are linked to the facilitation of climate-resilient land use and infrastructure planning capabilities.


GIS Institutional Capacity The findings in the GIS institutional capacity of Tagbilaran City are as follows:

There is no institutionalized department or office in the city government mandated to ensure city-wide GIS-ICT implementation. The existing set-up of the Information Technology Office does not allow it to fully adopt and optimize information technology in the delivery of services and in government operations. Moreover, the office’s role remains limited and unrecognized due to the lack of appreciation and awareness on the importance of ICT.

There is no approved ISSP, which is supposed to direct the implementation of strategies in establishing the GIS-ICT environment in the city government.


There are no data creation and management standards and practices across all departments. At the city level, standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, updating, and securing data and information are not yet in place. Also, standards and protocols for GIS implementation are also non-existent.

The current departmental relationships cannot effectively cope with the management of a large and growing volume of data and the needed regular maintenance and updating.

GIS Capability Gaps and Issues The current situation of GIS implementation in Tagbilaran City was presented based on the results of the assessment. Issues and gaps which hinder GIS implementation were highlighted during the presentation. Participants were also able to validate the finding through the focus group discussion. A self-assessment activity was also conducted to affirm the results presented. The assessment activity asked participants to evaluate the capability of their own department based on the same parameters used to assess the institutional capacity of Tagbilaran City in implementing a sustainable GIS. A self-assessment tool was utilized for this purpose. Participants were grouped into three clusters to encourage discussion among departments in the same cluster and serve as critique to the self-assessment. Other participating offices during the workshop were the City Agri Vet, as part of the Land Use Planning cluster as well as the City Treasurer’s Office and the City Accounting Office, both in the Fiscal Management cluster. The discussion after the presentation of the existing issues and gaps led to the assignment of weights for each component based on the importance of each component in the implementation of GIS in Tagbilaran City. The participants agreed on a priority scale and allotted 40 percent weight on institutional capacity; 20 percent each for data and technical competency; and 10 percent each for hardware as well as software and systems. Using these agreed weights, the total weighted score for all the five GIS components for the City Government of Tagbilaran is 1.81. This indicates that the city finds itself having a limited capacity in terms of existing resources to implement and streamline GIS. The low rating may also be translated as an increasing awareness for the need for GIS in the city’s operations. This rating may also be seen as an assertion that the city government should initiate improvements to create a suitable environment for GIS implementation. Serious efforts must be made to structure the


legal and institutional arrangements and build the required databases as foundations toward full GIS implementation. To ensure its sustainability, investments must also be made to capacitate the technical staff and equip them with the GIS-ICT hardware and software requirements needed to efficiently and effectively perform their day-to-day functions. The GIS capacity score and the validation activity will inform the formulation of the Strategic Guide for Sustainable GIS Implementation for Tagbilaran City. Table 28. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Tagbilaran City (Dakis, 2016)

Component Tagbilaran City

CAS AW



Data 2.04 20%

Hardware 1.93 10%

Software 2.00 10%


As shown, GIS capacity scores vary depending on the perceived importance of GIS components through assigning weights. Across all cities, legal and institutional capacity were deemed most important in establishing, facilitating, and implementing a sustainable GIS within their city. Data and technical competency were considered to be more important than hardware and software/systems to support GIS implementation. A detailed discussion of GIS capacity needs assessment results is presented in the GIS Capacity Profile of each city. Figure 6. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Tagbilaran City

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00




Fiscal Management Cluster City Government of Tagbilaran








GIS Capability Building Strategies: Recommendations Although the objective of the GIS-CNA was to determine barriers in GIS implementation, it has been comprehended that it is far more effective to start with realistic strategies and specific programs and projects than to address all issues all at once. During the GIS Validation Workshop, the GIS clusters agreed on the following strategies to ensure the sustainable implementation of GIS in Tagbilaran City: GIS Strategy No. 1: Establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a sustainable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation.

Creation of a GIS-ICT Core Group. Draft an Executive Order to institutionalize hiring of GIS Staff

Identify champion/s in the ICT Council

Formulation of ISSP

Data Management Manual or Plan which includes data sharing protocols and standards, data access levels, data security, etc.

GIS Strategy No. 2: Establish a Centralized Geographic Information Management System

Establish ICT Structure (including ICT Network and CGIMS Platform)

Procurement of Reference or Baseline Data Sets (e.g. Topographic maps, Satellite imagery, updated orthophoto4, NAMRIA and Project NOAH, etc.)

Fiscal Management /Information Management System (Individual databases) - upgrading of parcellary maps/building outlines, updating TRACS/RPTAS, Asset Management System

Acquisition of Geospatial and Geodatasets (Infrastructure) - Road construction database, Drainage, Waterworks, Bridges, Buildings, Hazard maps

Natural Resource Mapping datasets - water resources and wastes

Updating Roads and Bridges Inventory Management System for monitoring of ongoing/completed projects

Building Inventory Information Management System/database

Hazards, Vulnerability, Exposure and Risk Assessment database

Executive Information Management System


Training – GIS

4 An orthophoto is an aerial photograph that has been geometrically corrected or 'ortho-rectified' such that the scale

of the photograph is uniform and utilized in the same manner as a map. An ortho-photograph can be used to measure true distances of features within a photograph.


Training – MQC

Benchmarking – GIS Best Practices


Purchase of GIS server

Purchase of GIS workstations (at least 2 per department)

Procurement of GPS devices for data collection GIS Strategy No. 5: Explore and use FOSS4G GIS software suited to aid in the performance of day-to-day functions.

Secure GIS software (Open source or proprietary) GIS Strategy No. 6: Formulate an Information, Education and Communication Campaign Program that will enhance awareness and appreciation to the relevance and use of GIS

Partner with the academe for on-the-job training

Conduct a Hackathon to develop programs

Conduct inter-departmental awareness on GIS

Conduct participatory barangay mapping


6. Proposed LUIGIS Capability Building Interventions for Tagbilaran City: Recommendations

The findings and recommendations for Tagbilaran City is consolidated and simplified into a Summary Matrix as shown in Table 30. Table 30. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Tagbilaran City

Capability Assessment Area


Current State


Land Use Planning

Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Tagbilaran City.








With only one (1) In-house Registered Planning Professional










Revision of CLUP

Comprehensive study of the sinkholes and cave system and the planned coastal reclamation

Need to prepare the CLUP write-up

Need for a science-based information on the sinkholes and cave system and the planned reclamation

CPDO to initiate the immediate preparation of write-up of the revised CLUP (vol. 1)

CPDO to initiate and coordinate with MGB in the completion of study of sinkholes and cave system within the City

CPDO must engage a group to conduct a thorough investigation on the impact of the planned reclamation

Results of these studies must be integrated into the CLUP and to the Zoning Ordinance


Vulnerability and Risk Analysis conducted given different hazards of the City particularly on geological hazards


CPDO with assistance from MGB to conduct further analysis and identification of sinkholes and draw-up appropriate measures for the safety of the city dwellers and visitors

CPDO and CDDRMO to provide continuous science-




Current State


based info on particularly on hydro-met and geological hazards to city residents and visitors








LZBA active


LZBA need to be capacitated and strengthened

CPDO to initiate the conduct of technical review of the draft ZO

CPDO to design and implement capability building for the LZBA


Four (4) growth areas for Tagbilaran City





Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Tagbilaran City.




Office of City Engineer mandated to prepare infra system/ engineering plans with 3 technical staff

Office of the Architect to do architectural plan and design; no such office in in the City

Tagbilaran City Office of Building Official under the City Engineer with 5 technical staff





Assist the LGU in the preparation of TORs in the preparation for detailed system plans





Current State



Water supply provided by a private firm (Bohol Water Utilities) and city government (Tagbilaran City Waterworks System)

TCWS supplies 10 barangays

Water is not available 24 hours a day

Issues raised on the quality of water

No sewerage system

No available data on Non-Revenue Water

No information on number of households tapped to TCWS

TCWS may not have technical personnel to do sewerage system design

Use of surface water for irrigation, domestic water, and energy supply should be considered

Provide Technical Assistance to check and reduce NRW and clarify TWCS/BWU coverage area


Drainage System

Flooding in some areas

Hilly terrain identified as a constraint on proper drainage


Need for hydrologic and topographic study for the city



Provide Technical Assistance for Hydrologic and Topographic Study



30 tons of waste produced daily

Common sanitary landfill with the Albuquerque Cluster

Issue with turn-over Facilitate turn-over

Transport System



Lack of sidewalks








Develop a harmonized Comprehensive Transport & Traffic Management Plan, including possible ban of tricycles on national roads and adopting other possible modes of transport

Reclaim the sidewalks

Power System

Bohol does not have its own power supply and is dependent on the Bohol Grid for power supply

Bohol had no power supply when Yolanda struck Leyte

Need for energy source from within the Bohol island

Alternative/renewable energy sources such as mini-hydro or solar power

Potential use of Malinao Dam as multi-purpose dam





Current State



Use of solar panels by private institutions

Conversion of concrete pavement to grass by private institutions

Informal settlers occupying coastal areas

Measures such as use of water retention basins and rain harvesting not being adopted







Entries here are based on this Report and the Geographic Information System Capacity Profile and the Strategic Guide to Sustainable GIS Implementation for Tagbilaran City. The entries in the Current State are the results of the Self-Assessment Tool by clusters. The Tool Score Guide is listed in the GIS Section.




Absence of an ISSP that would set the direction of the ICT agenda in the city government

There is no institutionalized office who has mandates over ICT and will push for the ICT agenda, specifically GIS

No system is currently in place for inter-departmental data sharing

Lack of standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, and data and information

Lack of policies on ICT Operations, Usage and Security



Establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a sustainable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation.

Formulate an IEC Campaign that will enhance the awareness and appreciation of the relevance and usage of GIS.



Aside from some departments (CPDO, CAO and CEO), available spatial data are not GIS-ready or are in formats that cannot be utilized using GIS


Lack of policy that will ensure proper management and security of data and information. Management and security of some sensitive data and information are outsourced to external entities.

Establish CGIMS as envisioned in the city’s ISSP




Current State





Lack of skilled and competent staff to perform GIS and Data management functions

Lack of skilled and competent staff to develop and integrate GIS in Program/Application/Systems Development




Most hardware is below the minimum system specifications required to run GIS software/applications.

Data gathering hardware and technology are not utilized for field inspection and data collection.

No network connectivity due to office space issues. For existing systems, there is limited network connectivity due to individual workgroup design implemented in departments (independent small office environment).






Explore and use FOSS4G GIS software suited to aid in the performance of day-to-day functions.

GIS Capacity Score



F. Zamboanga City

1. Introduction Zamboanga City is located at the southernmost tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula on the island of Mindanao, it is bounded in the north by the provinces of Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Norte, in the west by the Sulu Sea, in the east by the Moro Gulf, and in the south by the Basilan Strait and Celebes Sea The southwest and eastern sides of Zamboanga City are bounded by irregular coastlines with generally rocky terrain and occasional stretches of sandy and gravely beaches. The coastal profile usually descends abruptly towards the sea. In some places where there are rivers, embayment occurs, thus, filling up areas with alluvial materials and producing small tracts of coastal plains and sometimes broad plains


The overall topography of the city could be described as rolling to very steep. There are some flat lands, mostly narrow strips along the east coast. The urban center is mostly flat with a gentle slope to the interior, ranging from 0 to 3 percent. The highest registered elevation is 1,346 meters. In terms of land area, Zamboanga City is the third largest city in the country. Its total land area is 1,483.3849 square kilometers or 148,338.49 hectares (78.10sq.km. urban area and 1,405.2849 sq.km rural areas). The breakdown of the total land area is: 45.9 percent agriculture, 32.24 percent forestland, 9.43 percent protected area, 6.51 percent residential, 0.15 percent commercial, 0.12 percent industrial, and 5.65 percent others. The City, based on the existing CLUP, has 37,630.067 hectares of available lands for development: (i) 5,224.25 hectares for residential use; (ii) 5,598.407 hectares for commercial/industrial use; (iii) 26,714.42 hectares for agricultural use; and (iv) 92.99 hectares for institutional use. The city’s physical characteristics have the following advantages: (i) it has an even distribution of rainfall; (ii) it has no liquefaction prone areas; (iii) it is outside the typhoon belt; and (iv) it is outside of any major fault lines/no active volcano. The city’s watershed of which 12,107 hectares of old growth forest is one of the three remaining intact watersheds in the country. Zamboanga City is classified as a Type III climate zone under the Modified Coronas Classification Scheme. This implies that there are no pronounced maximum rain periods and that the dry season lasts from 1 to 3 months only. The computed climatological normal spanning the period from 1961 to 1995 show that the area experiences 1,392.7 millimeters of rainfall per annum with a total rainy season average of 140 days. The mean temperature registered for this entire period is 27.5ºC with the highest temperature measured at 31.7ºC and the lowest at 23.3ºC. Average vapor pressure is 29.0 millibars, mean sea level pressure is 1,009.7 millibars, and relative humidity is 81 percent. Prevailing westerly winds attain average velocities of 2 meters per second. Coastal Landscapes can be found along the northeastern coast of Zamboanga City. The areas are mostly of lower alluvial lowlands and small low-lying areas along the coastline usually subject to daily inundation. Soils are very young with no soil profile development due to active deposition that is still taking place. Soil texture is clay to silty clay and very deep. The area is flat to nearly flat with a slope range of 0 to 3 percent with and elevation range 0 to 5 meters. 2. City Challenges in Urban Resilience Zamboanga City can be exemplified as a classic “ridge to reef” ecosystem. This city with a long coast is located at the southernmost tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula. It is within a Type 3 climate zone and considered as a typhoon-free area. With just 1234 mm of rainfall per year measured over a 50-year period, Zamboanga City has one of the lowest annual average among the CDI Cities. Of the 98 barangays in the City, twelve (12) of them usually suffers drought. This confirms the observation of the Manila Observatory through its maps that City faces the risk of temperature increase. These climatic conditions of the City validate the high risk characteristic of the City and its larger area. At times, some parts of the City are flooded during the rainy season. The high part of the city is comprised of steep slopes. With its seven watersheds, judicious care and land use management is necessary to preserve and conserve the area. The care of these areas, at the moment though, is reported to lack effective regulatory mechanisms except for the Pasonanca area.


The downstream part of the City’s highlands is also a challenge. There are 16 identified watercourses that drain through the city into the Sulu Sea and Moro Gulf – the most important of which are the Tumaga, Manicahan, Curuan, Bolong, Culianan, and Vitali Rivers in the east and the Ayala River in the west (WWF, 2014). Zamboanga City sources 80 percent of its total water production from surface water provided by the Tumaga River. The remaining 20 percent is drawn from groundwater wells. When there are no forests, run-off will seek its own path. This also affects water availability in agricultural areas. As key surface water sources and drainage zones of the city, rivers, as important functional units of lower catchment areas, will emerge more and more as a significant management concern for Zamboanga City (WWF, 2014). Human-Induced Disaster Zamboanga City, home to diverse and distinct cultures and proximate to areas where there are ongoing religious and ideological conflicts, can experience human-induced disasters. This happened on a large-scale recently in the City when on the dawn of September 9, 2013 an initial estimate of 200 armed MNLF forces under Nur Misuari entered Zamboanga City via barangay Rio Hondo, attacked several parts of Zamboanga City and took hostages as human shields. They further infiltrated and spread out in the surrounding coastal barangays of Sta. Catalina, Sta. Barbara, Talon-Talon, Kasanyangan and Mampang. The siege lasted for 21 days. At least seven barangays with a total of 1,415 hectares were directly affected. The city, with the assistance of national and international agencies, responded to this disaster and has been implementing the Zamboanga City Roadmap to Recovery and Reconstruction (Z3R Plan): Building Back Better Zamboanga City. The CPDO took an active role in the relief, humanitarian, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction effort. At the height of the crisis, it was one of the offices tapped to provide frontline services. It also provided technical assistance in the crafting of the Z3R Plan and plays a critical role in the implementation of the same. Through consultation with the mayor, the city council and concerned local agencies, it facilitated the creation of the relief, humanitarian, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction coordination structure. The city council supported the mayor by passing the needed legislation such as: (1) the measure elevating the Zamboanga crisis (given its magnitude) to the national level that caused former Philippine President Benigno Aquino III to mobilize all resources to assist the city; (2) the forced evacuation ordinance that saved innocent lives and the authority for the Local Chief Executive to impose curfew in the city, among others. The preparation of the Z3R Plan was undertaken by the university-based professional planning group, UP PLANADES in coordination with the First District Representative Celso L. Lobregat, Second District Representative Lilia M. Nuño, DPWH Secretary Rogelio Singson, Social Welfare and Development Secretary Corazon Soliman, Mayor Ma. Isabelle Climaco, all government counterparts particularly Department of Public Works and Highways, National Housing Authority and the City Government of Zamboanga, members of the City’s Crisis Management Committee, non-government organizations, and representatives of Internally Displaced Persons. The city intends to come up with a plan and corresponding initiatives to address the impact of the siege while taking the opportunity to address urban development issues in the context of the city’s socio-cultural dimensions and resiliency. Preparation was guided by three main objectives which were identified after a series of consultations between the planning team, DPWH, city government


and other stakeholders. These main objectives, along with their respective sub-objectives, are the following: 1. Improve the overall environment of affected communities 1.1. Ensure the hygiene and sanitation of communities. 1.2 Provide appropriate social service facilities, infrastructure, and amenities. 1.3 Provide communities with access to livelihood opportunities. 1.4 Protect communities against tidal action and protect environmentally-sensitive areas such

as mangroves and waterways. 1.5 Comply with “no settlements” policy on hazard and danger zones.

2. Minimize adverse social impacts in relocation 2.1 Prioritize on-site housing rehabilitation and reconstruction. 2.2 Ensure culturally-sensitive housing development for Indigenous Peoples (IPs). 3. Improve public safety and security of the community 3.1 Provide police and military facilities 3.2 Ensure appropriate environmental protection measures The completed Z3R Plan is now being implemented and continuing up to this present time, more than two years after the siege. It may be noted that CCA/DRRM interventions were integrated to the Plan as stated in its objectives. As shown in the response of the city to the siege, shocks and stresses brought about by both natural and human causes can bring out opportunities of being more resilient. It can make a city stronger and more inclusive, if those in authorities are committed to the well-being of its citizens. To further reduce the vulnerabilities and exposure of the city and enhance the capacities of its communities, the following efforts for urban resiliency, in which the USAID SURGE Project may assist, are as follows: 1. DRRM and CCA mainstreamed and integrated in regional and local development policies,

plans and budgets. DRRM and CCA should be mainstreamed in the CDP, CLUP, PDPFP; investment programming, project development and evaluation. Laws, policies and ordinances shall also be enacted and the inclusion of five percent in the agency’s budget dedicated on DRRM and CCA activities.

2. Community-based and scientific DRRM and CCA assessment, mapping, analysis and

monitoring undertaken. Conduct of hazard mapping program down to the Barangay level will be prepared. Disaster intervention for armed conflict situation such as peace-building resolution strategies are to be pursued.

3. Increased disaster resilience of infrastructure systems. Advocacy for the implementation of

the building code and use of green technology, and development of guidelines on the redesign, retro-fitting or operational modification of infrastructure.


3. Land Use Planning Capability Land-Use Planning Work Capacity

a. Comprehensive Land Use Planning Zamboanga City is currently revising its CLUP with another planning period of 10 years (2016-2025). The preparation basically contracted out to a second party service provider but with participation from the different stakeholders of the City. In fact, this is the 2nd time that the City engaged a service provider for the revision of the CLUP. The draft documents are currently being reviewed by the City different stakeholders prior to the process of approval at the City level and eventually at RLUC and HLURB. The timeline for approval process and enactment of the new Zoning Ordinance is being targeted within the year, 2016. Generally, the plan revision takes-off from the previous CLUP with planning period of 15 years (1997-2012). In the meantime, previous CLUP serves as a hold-over CLUP while the review and approval of the successor plan is being processed. Thus the assessment with make use of the information from the hold-over CLUP and the information gathered during the conduct of consultation workshop and key informants interview August 2016. The CPDO serves as secretariat and leading unit coordinating in the CLUP preparation process. It actively gathered planning data from different LGU Departments and from the line agencies and ably coordinated with the different sectors to participate in the conduct of series of workshops. Table 31 shows the role of the CPDO and other stakeholders involved in CLUP preparation.

Table 31. Role of the different City Stakeholders in the CLUP preparation process: Zamboanga City Steps in CLUP preparation (HLURB Revised Guidebook 2013)


2nd Party Preparer PLANADES for the hold-over CLUP (1997-2013) and PALAFOX for the successor CLUP (2016-2025)

CDPO Sectoral Committees/T


LDC City Council

1. Organize Secretariat and

main doer



3. Set the Vision Facilitator and Resource Group

Secretariat, participants and provision of planning data





Facilitator and Resource Group

Secretariat, facilitator participants and planning data provision

Participants in discussion and deliberation, data provision particularly those come from LGU department






and line agencies















Secretariat, participants and reviewer preparer









Resource group Secretariat and resource group


Main doer


Secretariat Review and approval at their level and endorse-ment to the City Council



Main implement-tor

Oversight





Oversight

b. Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Prior to the preparation of the successor CLUP, DRMM Plan was crafted by the City with the institutionalization of the CDRRMO thru the passage of an Ordinance in 2014. The CPDO ably coordinated the DRRM plan preparation together with the office of the City DDRM Office and the DRRM Council. Hazards data were gathered from the different line agencies and analyzed with assistance from CPDO GIS operator.

Adaptation and mitigation measures were identified through series of multi-stakeholders’ consultation workshops. The adaptation and mitigation measures were integrated into the DRRM Plan and LCCAP of the city.


c. Land Accounting and Land Use Area Allocation

There are two basic considerations in land accounting process undertaken in LGU land use planning; namely (1) the existing national policies of the government and (2) existing hazards in the LGU particularly on geological and hydro-meteorological aspects. Annex 11 shows some of the national policies that influenced land accounting and land-use allocation regime considered in the conduct of land-use planning exercise particularly in the determination of non-buildable and buildable area within Zamboanga City. Zamboanga City has 148,338.49 hectares, large chunks of which are classified as Forestland with six major watershed areas. In the hold-over CLUP, Chapter 8, land accounting was conducted taking into accounts on the national policies of the government and the actual land uses of the city. Table 32 provides the breakdown of the general land uses. Table 32. General Land Use: Zamboanga City

Area Classification Area (hectares) Share

Watershed and Buffer Zone 17,414.30 11.74

Proposed Watershed 32,319.00 21.79

WMSU Experimental Forest 1,227.00 0.83

ZAMBOECOZONE 15,451.56 10.42

Inland Protected Zone 23,856.05 16.08

Mangrove 3,688.55 2.49

Fishpond 3,406.80 2.30

Salt bed 113.75 0,07

Irrigated Rice lands 3,109.92 2.10

Agri Dev’t Area 34,867.22 23.50

Proposed International Airport 536.87 0.36

East Coast light Industrial Zone 487.80 0.33

Sangali Medium Industrial Zone 1,273.81 0.86

West Coast Heavy Industrial Zone 294.00 0.20

Labuan Commercial Dev’t Zone 1,957.96 1.32

Urban Core fringe Area 1,843.65 1.24

Urban Core Area 6,490.25 4.37

148,338.49 100.00 Source: (CLUP-1997-2012)

Along the planning exercise, non-buildable and buildable areas were also determined. This in order to have a benchmark and information of areas that needs to be set aside for protection due to its consideration of national policies and the inherent constraints of the areas particularly on hazards. The buildable areas are meant to be used for the city growing needs for urban expansion and based on the analysis a potential of 35,823.49 hectares are available, but this has to be managed properly to provide the best use of the area considering concerns on resiliency to risk and climate change. Table 33 shows the non-buildable and buildable areas Table 33. Determining the Non-buildable and Buildable area: Zamboanga City Total Land Area

148,338.49

Less Protected Areas for Agriculture 5,168

Less Environmentally Critical Areas 86,252

Less existing built-up areas 5,424

Gross Area Available for Urban Expansion (boundary threshold)

51494.49


Less 18% and above in slop based on PD 705 (forestry Code of the Philippines)

15,671

Net area available for urban expansion (first threshold)

35,823.49


In the hold-over CLUP a total of 8,333.90 hectares of land was being earmarked for urban use. Table below provide lists for specific usage of urban land. Based on our discussion with key CPDO personnel with the ongoing revision of the CLUP the current cumulative area allocated for urban expansion is around 15,000 hectares. During the consultation workshop it was mentioned that the successor CLUP still has to allocate suitable areas for relocation sites. The CPDO is just collating data particularly on Informal Settler Families. Even with the additional projected allocation for relocation sites, the current requirement is still below 50 percent of the potential available land of the city for urban expansion which means the city has still more land for future urban expansion. Table 34. Urban Land Use: Zamboanga City

District Classification Area Share

Urban Core 1,843.65 22.00

Old CBD 350.00 4.00

New CBD 171.00 2.00

Historical Preservation 16.27 0.20

General Development 2,341.93 28.00

Waterfront Development 3.009 0.10

Eco-tourism 1,409.25 17.00

Fishpond 556.00 6.00

Salt bed 113.75 2.00

Pasonanca Park 24.25 0.30

Golf course/ Beach Park 92.05 1.10

Bog Lake 109.00 1.30

Ricefield 1,308.75 16.00

Total 8,333.90 100.00 Source: CLUP 1997-2012

d. Zoning Development and Implementation Some notable allocation such as the development of the new airport has been earmarked in the hold-over CLUP (1997-2012) but nothing happens yet on the ground. The same allocation is being made with the new draft CLUP, based on the interview. While new airport development is a long term proposition taking from the experienced of Iloilo City and Cagayan de Oro. In particular, to Iloilo City, old Iloilo airport gives way to new urban development of the City with strong participation from the private sectors. With respect to Zamboanga City, development of a new airport could serve as a catalyst to other major development of the City and could also serves as major hub in western Mindanao area connecting to the BIMP-EAGA. Proactive participation by the city government on the development of the current airport into a new propelled growth area for the city must be pursued so that this could provide an appropriate improvement of the city connectivity and through traffic, ease congestion, enable to demonstrate more compact urban development thru mixed-used strategy and serves also as a catalyst for urban renewal of the city old central business district. More challenges still lie ahead when the city moving toward further densification of its urban places. Challenges such as preservation of the city heritage areas and structures dated back from


the Spanish era vis a vis urban renewal and development, introduction of green technologies in building and urban design, preservation of remaining agri-land (rice paddies), fishpond and mangroves areas which serves as flood catch-basin particularly during months of southwest monsoon. In the Chapter 9 of the CLUP there are programs and projects identified but nothing on projects for Detailed Area Master Planning. LDIP/AIP as a tool in program and project implementation is not also being maximized to realize a preferred urban form through Area Master Planning, as mentioned also during the consultation meeting. Land-use change monitoring is not consciously done the same with the other CDI Cities. But in particular with CPDO of Zamboanga City, it has to strengthen its GIS and mapping capability to meet the demand for mapping needs. Currently the CPDO has only one personnel handling GIS work. Mechanism on sharing of data, particularly planning data, must be established. e. Special Area Detailed Planning In Chapter 8 of the hold-over CLUP, the Preferred Spatial Strategy as agreed was Urban Development with hierarchy of urban centers with wedges of productive open green spaces. These are grouped into primary, secondary and tertiary centers. Shown table below are hierarchy of urban centers. The succeeding CLUP was still based on this strategy but with some improvements and modifications, as shown in the Table 35. Table 35. Hierarchy of Urban Centers, Zamboanga City

Hierarchy Centers Areas

Primary Growth Center (new and old Central Business District)

Old and New Central Business District

Secondary Growth Center

Mercedes

Ayala- Talisayan

Sangali

Tertiary

Curuan

Vitali

Labuan Source: CLUP 1997-2012

Identification of growth areas is a first step in Special Area Detailed Planning, however, in the CLUP process, it stops simply at allocation and designation of cluster areas into urban centers. These centers/areas are considered the loci of engine of growth of the city because it is in these areas where business transactions happened, production of goods and services, venues for several business conferences and other activities associated with the urban functions. With these heavy business and economic activities, impacted on traffic congestion, pollution and other negative effects to the LGU urban place also occurs. It is in these logic that Area Detailed Planning has to be made. The PCE near the proposed site of the new Airport at Mercedes a project assisted by UN could be an initial step in Special Area Detailed Planning. More follow-on activities still have to be on the PCE output in order to implement it on the ground. This must be pursued to consider the development of the new airport and to facilitate the appropriate actual development of the area. Like in other CDI cities, the Poblacion (old central business district) of the city has its urban pattern of grid iron and with thru traffic connectivity, but beyond it, the urban pattern is more of linear in physical development. Mostly, development occurs along major thoroughfare particularly the national road.


Various stakeholders have also shared their urban woes: narrow roads, obstructed sidewalks, some city roads have no sidewalks, eye sore and dangling electrical and communication wires and traffic congestion particularly during rush hours. This pattern of development need to be resolved through the conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning in order to enhance the city’s overall physical image. Technical Competency a. Registered Planning Professional/Competency Level There are no registered Planning Professional at the CPDO however there are technical personnel who are qualified to take the examination. These personnel have been with the CPDO for years handling planning, programming, project development and zoning functions and responsibilities. Professionalizing in the practice of Environmental Planning of qualified CPDO personnel in compliance to Republic Act No. 10587. b. Other Related Professional/Competency Level The CPDO has only one staff with competency and skills in GIS operation. The staff is the one doing spatial analysis and mapping needs for the office. This particular skill must be strengthened by hiring new people or train existing personnel who have the passion in mapping and GIS operation. GIS and mapping capability is vital to the CPDO particularly in the conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning. Gap Analysis a. Institutional Capacity The legal institutional framework for Land Use Planning has been amply provided for in the Local Government Code, HLURB Guidebook and related issuances concerning Land Use Planning. Indeed, planning exercise at the LGU has two dimension, one is political and the other is technical. The political exercise come into play during the process of approval at the different levels: (1) at the Local Development Planning; (2) City Council; and (3) at the RLUC-Regional Development Council and HLURB. At the Local Development Council level, it is very important that its members must also immerse in the technical planning exercise at the Sectoral Committee or at the technical working group level. This is important so that when it comes to the deliberation of the plans, particularly on CLUP and plans of the LGU at the Local Development Council proper, they already know the technical ramification of the plan. Approval, therefore, is appropriately facilitated. The same is true with the members of the city council. While they are busy in legislative work of the city, it may be prudent also to once in a while immerse in the CLUP process and other planning exercise at the Sectoral Committee level to join in the technical discussion and deliberation of the City’s different plans. In this way the technical and political are intertwine in the planning exercise. The LZBA as part of the institutional support in CLUP implementation thru the zoning ordinance must also be continuously strengthened. They must be knowledgeable and provided with science-based information particularly on hazards which may be of great help in the implementation of zoning regulation of the city.


b. Capacity in Work Coverage While the city engaged a second party service provider for the revision of the CLUP, the CPDO leads LGU Department in the CLUP preparation and coordinating the preparation of other sectoral plans. There is a need to enhance the skills of the CPDO and provide them with technical expertise in Special Area Detailed Planning. Providing these competencies will greatly enhance its capacity in Area Detailed Planning and Urban Design particularly in those areas identified as growth centers. Area Detailed Plans will serve also as basis for specific infrastructure planning requirement such as circulation networks, drainage and sewerage and other utilities needed in urban development. c. Competency/Capability of Technical Personnel Following the passage of the Republic Act No. 10587, An Act Regulating the Practice of Environmental Planning, there is a need to level-up the competency of the qualified personnel at the CPDO by way of taking the examination. A technical assistance through the conduct of review class may be provided to these qualified personnel. Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations Below are some recommendations/proposed interventions to strengthen Urban Planning and Development capability for Zamboanga City: d. Conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning Beyond mere land-use allocation, once the successor CLUP is approved by HLURB and Zoning Ordinance is enacted by the City Council, the City particularly the CPDO based on their priorities may consider to proceed to conduct Special Area Detailed Planning. In the conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning, the following must be considered in Urban Designing but not limited to:

a. Lot parcel and property information and the conduct of social preparation activities for Area Detailed Planning;

b. Connectivity and circulation pattern within and outside the growth area; c. Design of utilities placement (above ground or underground); d. Allocation of parks as open spaces. This could be of multi-functional open spaces such

as re-charge areas, flood catch-basin, etc.; e. Preservation of heritage areas and structures and an adaptive reuse strategy must guide

must be incorporated in the conduct of urban renewal and redevelopment; f. Mixed-use development and compact urban design which optimize the used of green

technologies to reduce risk, mitigate and improve climate resiliency; g. Identification of visual corridors; h. Consider inclusive urban development by proper allocation of space for the urban poor

residence and Informal Settler Families; h. Consider strategy such as land swapping, land consolidation, land banking and even

Transfer of Development Rights particular in established growth center master planned for urban renewal (brownfield areas); and

i. Consideration to the introduction of Transit Oriented Development. Zamboanga City major gateway of the Philippine into the BIMP-EAGA area and in Zamboanga Peninsula relies heavily on jeepneys and tricycles as its mode of transport in the City. These public mode of transport are becoming more of a problem in terms of traffic and source of mobile pollution. It is in context that Transit Oriented Development strategy will have to be studied for its possibility of adoption in the near future.


e. Forest Land-Use Plan Zamboanga City has seven large watershed Areas which basically provide ample benefits to city’s overall environment and livability. The city may consider the development of a FLUP with the technical guidance of the DENR. Doing this, may rationalize the allocation and use of the legally classified Forest Land of the City. Some areas can be allocated for forest production where plantation establishment for wood production will be allowed. The review and approval process of the new draft CLUP must proceed taking note that an FLUP will be prepared immediate and this soon to be incorporated in the Integrated Zoning Ordinance of the city. f. Capacity for Land-use change monitoring particularly on urban land Land-use change monitoring needs to be developed and institutionalized particularly at the CPDO. The CPDO has good GIS capability but it needs information from City Engineering Office and Assessors to effect a land-use change monitoring. A platform of data sharing mechanism must be established among offices of the LGUs, particularly also those data necessary for planning, project implementation, monitoring and regulation enforcement. g. Conduct of continuing capability building on the following:

a. Conduct and provide capability building on GIS to qualified LGU personnel particularly

personnel of the CPDO; b. Mechanism for data sharing and capability for land-use change monitoring using GIS and

other mapping technology; c. Assistance to CPDO selected personnel for the professionalization in the practice of

environmental planning; and d. Continuing capability building and institutional strengthening of the Local Development

Council and other institutional support mechanism as stipulated in Local Government Code meant to strengthen Land-use and Urban Development planning capacity and zoning regulations.


Institutional Aspects of Philippine Infrastructure Planning a. Legal and Institutional Enabling Mechanism Zamboanga City has a city planning and development officer and a city engineer. It has an Office of the Building Official under the Office of the City Engineer. However, it does not have a city architect.

Zamboanga City has a population of 861,000 as of 2010 which was projected to increase to an estimated population of 960,000 in 2016 based on the 2010 Socio-Economic Profile. Based on population, it is considered as a highly urbanized city.

b. Inter-and Intra-Departmental Relationships

Zamboanga CPDO is responsible for issuance of zoning clearance. Application for Development permits for subdivisions are first examined by the Zoning Department. Technical aspects such as road network, drainage, and water and power supply are then checked by the Office of the City


Engineer for endorsement to the City Council. CPDO presently have 30 staff. Technical requirements for subdivisions are in accordance with HLURB Guidelines. Under the Local Government Code, the primary function of the city engineer is to plan, coordinate, and supervise the construction, maintenance, and improvement of roads, bridges and other infrastructure projects of the city. The Office of the City Engineer consists of Construction and Maintenance Division, Planning and Programming Division, Architectural Division, Building and Industrial Safety Division, and Materials and Quality Control Division. It has around 37 plantilla (regular) technical positions. The Building and Industrial Safety Division is in charge of implementing the Building Code. The Office of the City Engineer is also responsible for the technical evaluation of development plans for approval of the City Council.

c. Infrastructure Planning Work Capacity

Infrastructure planning includes transportation, water supply, drainage/sanitation and sewerage and other similar projects.

The draft CLUP proposed seven Planned Development Units. The conceptual plans for these Planned Development Units would have to be developed into detailed Master Plans. The planned developments would also create additional demand for energy, water, and transport system that should be considered in the planning process. Road and drainage system in the proposed new growth areas have to be improved to attract investors.

There is also a proposal to transfer the airport to Mercedes and develop the present site of the airport. The planned city extension in Mercedes would also require engineering planning and design. City roads should be enhanced to improve traffic flow.

d. Water Supply System & Sewerage

The city draws its water both from ground water and surface water source for its water supply. Surface water accounts for 80 percent of the supply. Zamboanga City Water District currently supplies 110MLD of water to its 56,000 consumers in 59 out of 98 barangays. Lack of available water supply is still being experienced in the city particularly during summer. Efforts are underway to secure additional source of water. Non-revenue water is estimated to be at 50 percent.

The city has yet to establish a sewage treatment facility. It has an old sewage facility with 4,000 m3/day capacity but is currently under repair/update. Households and businesses use individual septic tanks. A Septage Ordinance had already been passed by the city council requiring at least 2-chamber septic tanks.

e. Drainage System

Flooding was identified as one of major problems of the city. Some barangays that have previously experienced flooding include Tugbungan, San Roque, San Jose Gusu, Cabatangan, and Putik. In 2013, 25 barangays were flooded. However, the city has yet to establish a drainage master plan.

f. Solid Waste Management System

Zamboanga City opened a 2-hectare Php75 million sanitary landfill in Barangay Salaan. However, based on consultation, its capacity is good only for three years. Apparently, the city is yet to


establish a segregation or Material Recovery Facility. There also still seems to be some issued on titling and new road to the site.

g. Transport System

Traffic is now a concern among the stakeholders consulted. Among the reasons cited was due to narrow roads. Lack of sidewalks was also noticed. A look at the street map of Zamboanga City also shows a lot of disconnected roads. There is also an observation on the need to improve local road junctions. h. Power System

The main sources of energy of the city comes from a mix of diesel, coal, and hydroelectric power. Power supply stands at 106 MW + 16MW from generator sets. The ecozone is also producing 13MW of solar energy. Zamboanga City Electric Cooperative or ZAMCELCO stated the energy source is sufficient and that they are doing power demand projection. Transmission of electricity is under the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines. Based on Sectoral Studies for Zamboanga City by Palafox, ZAMCELCO station and action center as well as Busay powerhouse are located in flood-prone areas. Mindanao Power Corporation is also located in a flood-prone area.

i. Climate Change Adaptation System

Local flooding due to strong rains is a concern for the city. A big number of barangays get submerged during typhoons and very heavy rains. Considering that Zamboanga City has a very large land area, mitigation measures such as retention basins and rainwater harvesting could be adopted. It was stated that the city has a 2,000 sqm flood basin. River channel improvement could also be done. The city, through the DPWH, is also implementing a drainage project in Valderosa St., Paseo del Mar. Provision of mandatory open spaces are required in subdivision projects.

Some barangays have previously experienced landslide including Curuan, Calairan, and Patalon. Storm surge had also been experienced in Barangay Sinunuc. Gaps Analysis


The Office of the City Engineer at present apparently does not have an inventory of roads. Design of road network system design should start with an evaluation of the current network. Drainage design would also have to follow the road network. However, personnel assigned at the Office of the City Engineer might be saddled with day-to-day work to handle the task of engineering design for city planning purposes.

b. Transport Master Plan

Analysis of road network system supported by traffic studies could provide a better insight of the requirements for new roads or road widening to ease the traffic. A transport master plan could help address the traffic problem of the city. The pedestrianization of areas within the business district and establishment of bicycle lanes should be harmonized with the transport master plan. Alternative modes of transport could also be considered as part of the transport plan.


c. Drainage Master Plan

Flooding has been identified as a major hazard to the city. Construction of drainage system should be in conformance with the drainage master plan. Drainage outfalls should be properly identified and located. Hence, there is a need for the formulation of a comprehensive Drainage Master Plan.

d. Water Distribution System

Lack of sufficient water supply is a concern for the city. Only 59 out of 98 barangays are currently being served by the Zamboanga City Water District. Non-Revenue Water of 50 percent is rather high and should be reduced.

e. Sewerage System

The city’s old sewerage system should be upgraded in line with its goal of becoming a major tourist destination. A sewerage system master plan has to be prepared for this.

f. Other Gaps

The presence of informal settlers along the coastline particularly along the coastal areas and river banks should be addressed by the city. Suitable relocation sites should be identified for the informal settlers. Resettlement areas, however, should not only provide employment or business opportunities for the families to be resettled but also respect their cultural heritage. The business sector could be tapped to provide assistance in providing employment or business opportunities.

Capacity and Capability Development Recommendations

These proposed developments would require the preparation of master plans. The city recognized the need for technical assistance in the preparation of system plans such transport master plan including traffic management plan, and drainage master plan. The city could be assisted in preparing the TOR for hiring of consultants for the study.

5. GIS System Integration Capability This section on GIS contains excerpts from the more extensive stand-alone reports on the Assessment of GIS Systems for CDI Cities undertaken by a GIS specialist. Parts included here are linked to the facilitation of climate-resilient land use and infrastructure planning capabilities. GIS Institutional Capacity The findings in the GIS institutional capacity of Zamboanga City are as follows:

There is no existing department/office in the city government with a mandate of ensuring a city-wide GIS implementation. The absence of permanent positions for GIS-related tasks such as generating geospatial data also needs to be re-evaluated and updated if necessary;

There is no identified senior champion who will push for the GIS agenda in the executive committee of the city government;

Data creation and management standards and practices differ from one department to another. Standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, updating and


securing data and information are not yet in place. Furthermore, standards and protocols for GIS implementation is also non-existent;

The current “informal” system of relationships and agreements between individuals cannot effectively cope with the management of a large and growing volume of data and its regular maintenance and updating required; and

There is no approved ISSP which directs the implementation of strategies in establishing the GIS-ICT environment in the city government.

GIS Capability Gaps and Issues The current situation of GIS implementation in Zamboanga City were presented based on the results of the assessment. Issues and gaps which hinders GIS implementation were highlighted during the presentation. A focus group discussion was conducted after the presentation where participants validated the findings presented. A self-assessment activity was also conducted to affirm the results presented. The assessment activity asked participants to evaluate the capability of their own department based on the same parameters used to assess the institutional capacity Zamboanga City in implementing a sustainable GIS. A self-assessment tool was utilized for this purpose. Participants were grouped into three clusters to encourage discussion among departments in the same cluster and serve as critique to the self-assessment. Participants discussed the assignment of weights for each component based on the importance of each component in the implementation of GIS in the Zamboanga City considering the existing issues and gaps presented. Based on the discussion, the participants agreed to put emphasis by assigning 30 percent weight on institutional capacity and technical competency components; 20 percent for data component, and 10 percent for both hardware and software and systems components. Using the agreed weights to calculate the score for each GIS component, the total weighted score of the five components is 1.62. This indicates that Zamboanga City has poor capacity in terms of existing resources to implement and streamline GIS. The low rating may also be translated as an increasing awareness and need for GIS in the city’s operations. The city should initiate improvements to create a suitable environment for GIS implementation. Great efforts must be made to structure the legal and institutional arrangements and build the required databases as foundations towards full implementation. To ensure sustainability, investments must also be made to capacitate technical staff and equip them with the GIS-ICT hardware and software requirements needed to efficiently and effectively perform their day-to-day functions. The GIS capacity score and the validation activity results will inform the formulation of the Strategic Guide for Sustainable GIS Implementation for Zamboanga City.


Table 36. Summary of GIS Capacity Score by Stakeholders for Zamboanga City (Dakis, 2016)

Component Tagbilaran City

CAS AW



Data 2.10 30%

Hardware 1.80 10%

Software 1.10 10%

GIS CAPACITY SCORE 1.62

Note: CAS – Capacity Score from Stakeholder Self-Assessment Survey AW: Allotted Weight based on Stakeholder Consultation

As shown in Table 36, GIS capacity scores vary depending on the perceived importance of GIS components through assigning weights. Across all cities, legal and institutional capacity were deemed most important in establishing, facilitating, and implementing a sustainable GIS within their city. Data and technical competency were considered to be more important than hardware and software/systems to support GIS implementation. A detailed discussion of GIS capacity needs assessment results is presented in the GIS Capacity Profile of each city. Figure 7. City Self-Assessment Results of GIS Capabilities Component Results per Cluster: Zamboanga City







GIS Capability Building Strategies: Recommendations Although the objective of the GIS-CNA was to determine barriers in GIS implementation, it has been comprehended that it is far more effective to start with realistic strategies and specific

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

INSTITUTIONALCAPACITY

DATA TECHNICALCOMPETENCY



Fiscal Management Cluster City Government of Zamboanga


programs and projects than to address all issues all at once. During the GIS Validation Workshop, the GIS clusters agreed on the following strategies to ensure the sustainable implementation of GIS in Zamboanga City: GIS Strategy No. 1: Establish and strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for integrating a sustainable GIS-ICT in strategic planning and implementation.

Institutionalize Computer Services Division as a separate department with mandated functions related to sustainable GIS-ICT planning and implementation through an Executive Order approved by the Sanggunian Panlungsod.

Identify department head/s that will serve as senior champion and a Technical Working Group that will push and support GIS implementation. Institutionalize role of senior champion/s and Technical Working Group through an Executive Order approved by Sanggunian Panlungsod.

Develop an ISSP which cover programs and projects that will support sustainable GIS-ICT implementation.

Develop a Data Management Operations Manual which includes data standards and a data management plan to generate an inventory of available data in City Government of Zamboanga, data requirements of departments, strategies to support data acquisition, data management, maintenance and security.

Develop data and information sharing protocols that govern the way transactions are undertaken between the departments and with other (external) organizations.

GIS Strategy No. 2: Establish a Centralized Geographic Information Management System as envisioned in the city’s Information Systems Strategy Plan.

Development of CGIMS platform & infrastructure

Development of CGIMS database: GIRLS – databases on parcel, buildings, machinery

Development of CGIMS database: Updating of Land Use/Zoning datasets/Planning datasets

Development of CGIMS database: Development of Hazard, Vulnerability, Exposure & Risk datasets

Development of CGIMS database: Development of Road dataset (inventory)

Development of CGIMS database: Natural Resource Mapping (datasets)

Development of a Web Platform & Infrastructure

Development of a Map Viewer for City Executives as a feature in CGIMS

Applicability Study on Linking existing systems such as Business Permits and Licensing System, RPTAS etc. with CGIMS databases


Basic GIS Training

Customized GIS Training for Data Collection Techniques

GIS Programming/App Development Training o Applied Geomatics Training (UP) o Applied Resource Mapping Training (UP) o Applied Informatics Training (UP)



Include GIS-ICT requirements for CGIMS such as workstations, servers, network infrastructure and data collection hardware in the ISSP

GIS Strategy No. 5: Explore and use FOSS4G GIS software suited to aid in the performance of day-to-day functions.

Download/Install QGIS.

Identify Applicable Open-Source Software for data collection, creation and analysis functions (Applicability Study)

6. Proposed LUIGIS Capability Building Interventions for Zamboanga City: Recommendations

The findings and recommendations for Zamboanga City is consolidated and simplified into a Summary Matrix as shown in Table 38. Table 38. Urban Development Capability Profile (LUIGIS) Assessment Summary Matrix: Zamboanga City


Area


Current State Gaps and Issues Recommendations/ Interventions

Land Use Planning

Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Zamboanga City.


















FLUP not yet integrated into the CLUP

FLUP need to be integrated into the CLUP

Integration of a FLUP into the CLUP and to the Zoning Ordinance

Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk


Adaptation and mitigation measures such as relocation areas need to be subjected to analysis

CPDO to conduct an analysis on the identified areas for relocation sites to ascertain its suitability



Area



Reduction Integration

for its suitability for housing and residential use

Provide continuous science-based info on particularly on hydro-met hazard and geo-hazard to city residence and visitors







LZBA active LZBA need to be capacitated and strengthened

CPDO to design and implement capability building for the LZBA


Seven (7) growth areas for Zamboanga City


• Assist in development of

TOR for Special Area Detailed Planning; Embark on a joint planning exercise

PCE output need to be revisited and follow-on activities must be formulated as part of the Special Area Detailed Planning

CPDO must maximize the LDIP/AIP to propose projects and allocate funds on the actual conduct of Special Area Detailed Planning


Entries here are based on this Report and other documents generated and gathered by the SURGE Component to serve as guide in the development of area-related Component 1 capacity and capability building programs and projects for Zamboanga City.



City Planning and Development Office (with 30 staff) prepares city development plan and reviews development permits for approval of the City Council

Office of City Engineer mandated to prepare infra system/ engineering plans with 37 technical staff

Office of the Architect to do architectural plan and design; no such office in Zamboanga City

Zamboanga City Building and Industrial Safety Division under




• Need for better

coordination between the National Government and local government for nationally funded projects such as flood control project

Assist the LGU in the preparation of TORs in the preparation for detailed system plans

Assist the CPDO in the review of Development Controls for commercial establishments as an example

Assist the OCE in the preparation of base plans (as-built roads, drainage plans)

Strengthen OCE capacity in engineering design and construction supervision



Area



the City Engineer with 14 technical staff


Water supply provided by Zamboanga City Water District

Services 59 out of 98 barangays

Lack of water supply being experienced particularly during summer months

Non-Revenue Water at 50%

American period sewer system needing repair/upgrade

Septage Ordinance in place

Need to secure additional source of water

Large number of barangays still without water supply from Zamboanga City Water District

Zamboanga City Water District may not have technical personnel to do sewerage system design

Use of water impounding facility for irrigation, domestic water, power supply, and flood mitigation should be considered

Provide Technical Assistance to reduce NRW and increase coverage of Zamboanga City Water District


Drainage System

Flooding experienced in some areas/barangays


Need for hydrologic and topographic study for the city



Provide Technical Assistance for Hydrologic and Topographic Study



2-hectare sanitary landfill opened in Barangay Salaan

Apparently there is no Material Recovery Facility

Landfill should have Material Recovery Facility to reduce waste Waste to energy facility could be considered

Transport System


Narrow roads

Lack of sidewalks


Need for additional/ alternate routes






Develop a harmonized Comprehensive Transport & Traffic Management Plan including possible ban of tricycles on national roads and adopting other possible modes of transport

Reclaim the sidewalks

Power System

Power, according to ZAMCELCO is sufficient

Energy source is a mix of diesel, coal, and hydroelectric power

Alternative/renewable energy sources such as mini-hydro or solar power could be tapped

Use of multi-purpose dam for water, power, and flood control should be considered



City has a 2,000 sq.m. flood basin

Mandatory open space requirements for subdivisions

Measures such as use of water retention basins and rain harvesting not fully being adopted




Area



Informal settlers occupying coastal areas.

Power system facilities are located in flood-prone areas


Need to relocate or retrofit existing power system facilities




Encourage ZAMCELCO to do risk analysis and possible relocation/ retrofit of its existing facilities


Entries here are based on this Report and the Geographic Information System Capacity Profile and the Strategic Guide to Sustainable GIS Implementation for Zamboanga City. The entries in the Current State are the results of the Self-Assessment Tool by clusters. The Tool Score Guide is listed in the GIS Section.




No department has mandate over ensuring city-wide GIS implementation

No system is currently in place for interdepartmental data sharing

Lack of standard processes and protocols in acquiring, creating, managing, updating and securing data and information







Lack of an inventory of all data assets

Available spatial data are not GIS-ready or are in formats that cannot be utilized using GIS


Lack of standards to ensure proper management and security of data and information






Competency of CSD not optimized for integration of GIS in Program/

Establish a technical capacity-building program that will enhance technical knowledge of the staff with regard to GIS and thus promote its use in the performance of the



Area



Application/Systems Development

departments’ day-to-day functions.



Some departments are just within the minimum system requirements to run GIS related software and systems. Workstations of other departments are below the minimum system requirements.

Lack of data gathering hardware to support field inspection and data collection.

Limited network connectivity due to limited connectivity infrastructure.





Limited use of GIS in existing software and systems.

Develop a two-tiered GIS software solution, to wit: City departments without GIS are encouraged to explore and adopt appropriate FOSS4G GIS software, while departments and offices using proprietary GIS software are also given institutional support.

GIS Capacity Score


The above in GIS are entered here in general terms, for specifics refer to list in GIS Section Report.


V. Consolidated Capability and Capacity Building Program of CDI Cities: Technical Assistance Reference in Climate- Resilient Urban Development

The Urban Development Capability Profile Reports for CDI Cities is intended to facilitate the identification and development of the appropriate Technical Assistance for each of the six CDI Cities as part of their Strategic Guide for Sustainable Urban Development. It can also serve as a guide for the other cities to be identified by USAID. The capability and capacity building of these CDI cities are geared towards the fulfillment of the objectives of the SURGE Project through Component 1, which are to: (1) strengthen local capacity in urban development, taking into account disaster risk reduction and preparedness; (2) improve climate-resilient land-use planning and development following international best practices; (3) improve local climate-resilient infrastructure planning, financing, and implementation; and (4) increase access to sustainable water supply and sanitation services. These can be collectively summarized as Climate-Resilient and Risk-Sensitive Land Use Application and Infrastructure Services. The Profiling work undertaken essentially focuses on the integrative capacity assessments of the three important considerations in urban development: land use planning, infrastructure planning and GIS capacities. These concerns can be collectively termed as LUIGIS (Land Use-Infrastructure-GIS). The technical support to be developed will primarily be in the context of climate-resilient and risk-sensitive economic growth. Climate Resilient Urban Development Another important consideration in the urban planning and development capacity development program of the SURGE Project is climate resiliency, more particularly in land use and infrastructure planning, and water. This is in line with USAID’s “Global Climate Change and Development Strategy”. The overarching strategic objective is to help developing countries speed their transition to climate resilient, low emission, sustainable economic growth. In 2014, USAID published “A framework for understanding and addressing climate change”. It suggests that climate-resilient development is about adding considerations of climate variability and climate change to development decision-making in order to ensure that progress toward development goals now includes consideration of climate impacts. The framework is relevant to the full range of infrastructure investments and covers five stages; scope, assess, design, implement and manage and evaluate and adjust. Simplified Planning Cycle for Detailed Area Planning One of the observed critical gaps in the capability of the CPDO in their planning mandate is the ability to assess and undertake city-led master development planning of identified growth and vulnerable areas. These implicate site-specific land-use and infrastructure detailed planning in coordination and collaboration with area development stakeholders and developers. These are down-level activities from the CLUP.


A Proposed Capability and Capacity Building Program under SURGE Component 1 Impact and Outcome The desired impact of the SURGE Component 1 Capability and Capacity Building Program is the development of resilient secondary cities in the Philippines as engines of sustainable and equitable economic growth. The outcome will be the upgraded local capabilities and capacities in mainstreaming of climate and disaster resilience into the planning and management of urban development particularly in their identified strategic growth centers and vulnerable sites. This includes consideration of clean energy, ample water supply and sanitation services, and low-emission development strategies. Methodology and Key Activities The Capability and Capacity Building Program of SURGE will assist CDI City governments in applying the Climate Resilient Development Framework as espoused by USAID in their urban development efforts so that these Philippine cities may be able to be engaged in the sustainability of their regional and local economies, increase their climate and disaster resilience capabilities and capacities, and provide locally generated solutions to challenges brought about by the effects of changing climate. The program is geared towards the formulation of stakeholder-led context-sensitive city strategies with focus on resilient and inclusive economic growth based on the policy and guidance laid out by the national agencies (e.g. HLURB, DILG, Climate Change Commission). The program will apply the operational framework presented earlier based on the development growth context and absorptive capacity of each CDI City and integrated into the base plan updating activities including the derivative plans such DRRM Plans and LCCAP. The program will generate, over the course of the SURGE Project, three outputs:

(i) Updated base plans of CDI Cities and their derivative plans in accordance with guidelines set by national agencies.

(ii) Public-private partnerships in land use and infrastructure planning and development integrated into detailed master development plans of priority strategic city growth centers and vulnerable sites guided by spatial locational inputs from Components 2 and 3. The PCE Conceptual Plans of UN-Habitat can be considered in this cluster.

(iii) City context developed modular tools whose core components include: (a) structures for translating climate data into decision-ready information, (b) information about climate stressor/infrastructure asset impact relationships, (c) reference guides for vulnerability indicators and adaptation options, (d) methods to assess and quantify the costs and benefits of adaptation options, and (e) performance tracking metrics. These tools are specially designed for basic infrastructure with focus on clean energy, water, sanitation, and low-emission development strategies.

These output will cover at least 2 to 3 CDI cities per implementation year. The assessments of CDI cities undertaken during the first year (2015-2016) implementation of the SURGE Project will serve as one of the basis for the prioritization of technical assistance. This UDCP Report is included as an assessment input.


The output cluster types discussed above can be traced in the expected outputs of the approved Year 2 work plan of the SURGE Project, as listed and marked below: Expected Outputs in Approved Work Plan Year 2, 2017 1.1 Strengthening Local Capacity in Urban Development 1.1A1 Updated DRRM plans and programs for Batangas City and Puerto Princesa City (i) Web-based public domain using hydro met risk maps (iii) 1.1A2 Updated CDP with LCCAP Integrated for Tagbilaran City (i) GHG Management Plan for CDO, TAGC, PPC, ZAMC (i) CCA-DRR Training Modules (iii) 1.1A3 CLUP/CDP: Batangas City, Tagbilaran City, Zamboanga City (i) Business Continuity Plan: Bat City, Tagbilaran City, PPC (i) Environment Code: Zamboanga City (iii) 1.1A4 UDLC Lead Projects Iloilo City (Planning Professionalization Review Modules) (iii), CDO (Knowledge Platform on Climate-Resilient Urban Development) (iii) 1.1A5 Index Development (iii) 1.1A6 Livable Cities Design Challenge (ii) 1.2 Improving local climate-resilient infrastructure planning 1.2A1 GIS Integration (iii) 1.2A2 Infrastructure Planning in Priority Areas BC, CDO, PPC, TC (40 staff trained) (iii) Learning Tours Clean Energy Demo Projects (iii) 1.3 Increasing access to sustainable water supply and sanitation services 1.3A1 TA on Water and Sanitation Service Delivery Programs (iii) 1.3A2 TA Capacity Building of Water Districts/etc. Batangas City, PPC, Tagbilaran City (iii) 1.3A3 TA on Sanitation-related Improvement Batangas City, PPC, Tagbilaran City (iii) The CLUP and the CDP contain the vision and preferred development framework of the cities and municipalities. As part of the harmonization program of the national agencies for the updating of local plans, all other plans required by national agencies particularly those mandated by law are to be derived from these base plans. These include the DRRM Plan as required by RA 10121, The DRRM Act of 2010 and the LCCAP for RA 9729, The Climate Change Act of 2009. The harmonization of local plans based on the HLURB and DILG Guidebooks is detailed in the DILG Memorandum Circular (MC 2016-102) issued by the incoming national administration in August 8, 2016. At the moment, the national government is still working on the National Physical Framework Plan 2016 - 2045 and the National Urban Development and Housing Framework 2016-2026 (NUDHF) as mandated by RA 7279, the Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992. These will serve as inputs to the Philippine Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2022 of the current administration. From the Philippine Medium Term Development Plan will emanate the Regional Development Plans based on the Regional Physical Framework Plans. Hopefully by the first quarter of 2017, all of these national plans will be in place for integration to the base plans of the cities and municipalities. To serve as reference to the capability and capacity development activities of the SURGE Project under Component 1, a consolidated Cap Matrix of CDI Cities was prepared. These summarizes the results of the urban development capability profiling works that were conducted.


Table 39. Consolidated Urban Development Capability Profile Matrix of CDI Cities (Score Guide below)

Capability Areas/ CDI Cities

Batangas City

Cagayan de Oro

City

Iloilo City

Puerto Princesa

City

Tagbilaran City

Zamboanga City

Potential Capability/Capacity Building Initiatives

LAND USE PLANNING


2 2 3 2 2 2 Planning Board Review/SCURP/PLEX


2 2 3 2 3 2 CLUP/CDP Plan Updating Workshops

CCA-DRR Integration

2 2 2 2 2 2 LCCAP/DRRM Planning Workshop

Land Accounting & Land Use Allocation

2 2 2 2 2 2 Land Management Seminars

Zoning Development & Implementation

2 2 2 2 2 2 Case Studies on Zoning Application Techniques

Special Plan Area Detailing

1 2 2 1 1 2 Master Development Planning Workshop

INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING


1 1 1 1 1 1 The Basics of Infra Planning Workshop

Water Supply & Sewerage System

2 2 2 2 2 2 Learning/Study Tours of Best Practice Systems

Drainage System




Transport System


Power/Energy System


Climate Change Adaptation System


GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM INTEGRATION (Scores for Land Use Cluster/Infrastructure Cluster)

Legal & Institutional Capacity

1.40/1.90

1.80/1.13

1.51/1.50

1.70/1.00

1.27/ 1.60

1.32/1.60

Case Application Studies/Peer Learning

Data Management Capacity

2.00/2.38

2.44/1.75

1.68/1.75

1.94/1.50

1.42/2.13

2.00/2.25


Technical Capacity

1.67/2.17

1.50/2.00

1.67/1.67

1.50/1.44

1.44/2.25

2.40/2.50


Hardware System

1.56/2.17

1.33/1.56

1.24/1.67

1.24/2.67

1.44/1.92

1.80/2.17


Software System

1.67/2.00

1.50/1.50

1.00/1.75

1.75/1.00

1.33/2.25

1.00/1.50


Total GIS Score 1.82 1.89 1.52 1.64 1.81 1.62

Urban Development Capability Score Guide

Score Rating for Land Use Planning

Capability

Rating for Infrastructure

Planning Capability

Rating for GIS

Description

1

None None Poor No capability at all; (GIS Scores as listed) No major Infra Master Plans (Drainage, Transport etc.)

2 Deficient Deficient Limited Existing capability deficient to meet basic service delivery requirement; no registered professional planner; Basic Plans not updated; PCE Plan Concepts

3 Minimum Minimum Intermediate/ Basic Existing capability meets basic minimum service delivery requirement; at least one (1) registered professional planner, CLUP/CDP Plans compliant

4 More than Adequate

More than Adequate Advanced Existing capability exceeds basic minimum service delivery requirement; potential sharing of practice


References

Corpuz, Arturo G. 2012. Land Use Policy Impacts on Human Development in the Philippines. PHDR Issue 2012/2013 No.1. School of Economics, University of the Philippine Diliman, Quezon City.

CPDO, Cagayan de Oro City. 2014. Comprehensive Development Plan 2014-2018.

Dakis, K. and Padao, I. 2015. Establishing a Sustainable Geographic Information System (GIS) in Philippine Local Government Units to Support Evidence-based Local Development Planning. A Concept Paper. Unpublished

Einsiedel, Nathaniel von. Planned City Extension: The Philippine Experience. PowerPoint presentation for UNHABITAT. (no date listed)

Frediani, Alexandre and Julia Hansen (eds.). May 2015. Introduction. The Capability Approach in Development Planning and Urban Design. DPU Working Papers Special issue. Development Planning Unit, The Bartlett, University College London

Hansen, Julia. May 2015. Locating capabilities in the built environment: socio-spatial products and processes and the capability approach. DPU Working Paper No. 176. Development Planning Unit, The Bartlett, University College London.

HLURB. 2013. A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Plan Preparation Vol.1 The Planning Process. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, Quezon City.

HLURB. 2014. Annual Report. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, Quezon City.

HLURB. 2015. CLUP Guidebook: Supplemental Guidelines in Mainstreaming Climate Change and Disaster Risks in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, Climate Change Commission, United Nations Development Programme and the Australian Government.

ICMA. May 2015. Philippines Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity (SURGE). Volume 1: Technical Proposal/ Performance Work Statement submitted to USAID Philippines.

Landman, Karina. 2010. Gating the Streets in South Africa in: A. Madanipour, ed. Whose Public Space? International Case Studies in Urban Design and Development. London: Routledge. Chapter 7.

Navarro, Adoracion M. October 2014. Scrutinizing Urbanization Challenges in the Philippines through the Infrastructure Lens. Discussion Paper Series No. 2014-37. Philippine Institute of Development Studies. Makati City.

Naik Singru, Ramola and Michael Lindfield. ADB. 2014. Republic of the Philippines National Urban Assessment. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.

Ojeda-Trejo, no date, Land Evaluation and Geographical Information Systems for Land Use Planning, A Case Study of the Municipality of Texcoco, Mexico, a paper submitted to the Geography Department, University of Durham, England.

Palmreuther, Sabine, World Bank Institute (WBI). c. 2009. Certification of Urban Planners. Review of Certification Programs in Selected Developed and Developing Countries.


Porio, Emma. August 2009. Urban Transition, Poverty and Development in the Philippines, A Preliminary Report. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ateneo de Manila University.

RA 9646, The Real Estate Service Act of the Philippines, 2009. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines.

RA 10587, The Environmental Planning Act, 2013. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines

Regional Consultative Committee on Disaster Management (RCC). June 2011. Promoting Use of Disaster Risk Information in Land Use Planning. ADPC.

Robeyns, Ingrid. (2005) The Capability Approach: a theoretical survey, Journal of Human Development, Vol. 6 No.1, 93-117, Routledge: London.

Serote, Ernesto. 2004. Property, Patrimony and Territory: Foundations of Land Use Planning in the Philippines, Quezon City: UP School of Urban and Regional Planning.

UNHABITAT. June 2015. Cagayan de Oro Planned City Extension (PCE) Final Report. Achieving Sustainable Urban Development (ASUD) Project, Philippines.

UNISDR. March 2012. How to Make Cities More Resilient, A Handbook for Local Government Leaders. Geneva: UNISDR.

UP PLANADES. 2008. Updating/Revision of the Batangas City Ten Year Comprehensive Development Plan, Land Use and Zoning Ordinance for CY 2008-2018.

USAID. January 2012. Climate Change and Development Strategy, 2012-2016.

USAID. December 2012. Building Resilience to Recurrent Crisis. USAID Policy and Program Guidance. Washington, DC: USAID

USAID. March 2012. Desk Study on the Human Development Approach and Its Potential Applicability to USAID. Prepared by John Hammock, Management Systems International.

USAID. March 2014. Climate Resilient Development: A framework for understanding and addressing climate change. Prepared by the Engility Corporation for USAID.

USAID. June 2014. Climate Change Resilient Development Technical Report. Scope of Use: Vietnam Climate Impacts Decision Support Tool. Prepared by the Engility Corporation and Cascadia Consulting Group for USAID.

USAID. July 2015. Climate Resilient Infrastructure Services: Lessons Learned. Prepared by the Engility Corporation and ICF International for USAID Global Climate Change Office, Washington, D.C.

World Wide Fund for Nature. 2014. Business Risk Assessment and the Management of Climate Change Impacts. With BPI Foundation, Inc.


Annexes Annex 1. Institutional Aspects of Philippine Land Use Planning The Local Government Code of 1991 – RA 7160 The Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 provided the legal and institutional framework for the conduct of Land Use Planning by the Local Government Units. Section 20 (c) of the LGC states that “The local government units shall, in conformity with existing laws, continue to prepare their respective comprehensive land use plans enacted through zoning ordinances which shall be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of land resources: provided, that the requirements for food production, human settlements, and industrial expansion shall be taken into consideration in the preparation of such plans.” In support to the preparation of CLUP, Section 106, RA 7160 - Local Development Councils. - (a) Each local government unit shall have a comprehensive multisector development plan to be initiated by its development council and approved by its Sanggunian. For this purpose, the development council at the provincial, city, municipal, or barangay level, shall assist the corresponding Sanggunian in setting the direction of economic and social development, and coordinating development efforts within its territorial jurisdiction. In this sense both the CLUP and CDP are mandated plans that LGUs will have to prepare from time to time that will serve as basis in pursuing development agenda within its territory. In pursuance to this, a Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) # 001 Series of 2009 (Oct 19, 2009) was signed by the DILG and HLURB clarifying the role of both agencies in providing oversights and assistance to LGUs in the preparation of the mandated plans. Thus, HLURB will continue its oversight and assistance to LGUs in the preparation of CLUP while DILG will provide oversight and assistance in the preparation of the CDP. The HLURB Guidebook The four-volume guidebook prepared and issued by HLURB is meant to help the LGU in the preparation of their CLUP. The guidebook has been updated and revised, the recent revision of which is in 2014. The revised guide consists of mainly of three volumes and a supplemental guideline: Volume 1- The Planning Process Volume 2 – Sectoral Analysis and Tools for Situational Analysis Volume 3 – Model Zoning Ordinance Supplemental Guidelines on Mainstreaming Climate Change and Disaster Risks in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. In particular, the planning process provided 12 steps to provide LGU a clear guide in the CLUP preparation. These steps are part of the assessment guide to determine the capacity of the LGUs in CLUP preparation. These steps are the following:

Organize

Identify Stakeholders

Set the Vision

Analyze the situation

Set the Goals and Objectives

Establish Development Thrusts and Spatial Strategies


Prepare the Land Use Plan

Draft the Zoning Ordinance

Conduct Public Hearing

Review Adopt and Approve the CLUP and ZO

Implement the CLUP and ZO

Monitor and evaluate CLUP and ZO Intra- and Intra-Departmental Relationship While the local planning development office, the CPDO, is mandated to prepare both the CLUP and CDP and other sectoral planning requirements of the LGUs, the CPDO coordinates with other offices and various sectors so that their inputs and comments would be factored into the plans. The CPDO performs secretariat work when it comes to CLUP and CDP preparation while assisting other units within the LGU. For the CLUP preparation, following the LGC Section 106-113 on Local Development Council and HLURB guidelines, all departments/units of the LGUs will have to participate in the plan preparation exercise through the Sectoral Committee or the Technical Working Group (TWG). Such participation is necessary primarily to come up with planning data in both spatial and statistical formats. Moreover, multi-sectoral participation allows the various voices in the community to be heard in the deliberations in plan preparation – from crafting the vision for the city, through the analysis of physical development constraints, and up to the selection of appropriate urban forms for the city in a particular planning period. Institutional Support Laid out in the LGC are the institutional support mechanisms in the local planning exercise. Within the LGUs, the Local Development Councils (LDC) and the City Councils are the institutions that must provide the appropriate support. The LDC is composed of: (1) city mayor as the Chairman; (2) Chairperson of the Appropriation Committee of the City Council; (3) Representative of the Congressman in a particular congressional district; (4) all Barangay Captains; and (5) at least 25 percent of the membership coming from the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), People’s Organizations (POs), and the Private Sector working within the LGU. The functions of the LDC are the following:

Formulate development plans and policies;

Formulate public investment programs;

Appraise and prioritize programs and projects;

Formulate investment incentives; and

Coordinate, monitor, and evaluate the implementation of development programs and projects.

The City Council is one of the key institutions in land use planning. Part of the responsibilities of the city council is to review and approve the CLUP, and enact the corresponding zoning ordinance. The LDC endorses the CLUP to the city council after conducting series of consultations with various stakeholders. In Sec. 447/458 (a) (2) of the LGC, the responsibilities of the Sanggunian with regard to land use planning are the following:

Prescribe reasonable limits and restraints on the use of property within the jurisdiction of the municipality/city;


Adopt a comprehensive land use plan for the municipality/city, provided that the formulation, adoption, or modification of the plan shall be in coordination with the approved provincial comprehensive land use plan;

Reclassify land within the jurisdiction of the municipality/city, subject to the pertinent provisions of LGC;

Enact integrated zoning ordinances in consonance with the approved comprehensive land use plan.

External institutional support also plays a role in the LGUs’ land use planning exercise. When an LGU is a component city, final approval of CLUP is at the Sanggunian Panlalawigan (Provincial Board). This is granted after the Provincial Land Use Committee (PLUC) conducts a technical review on the plan. Cities considered as highly urbanized will seek final approval from the HLURB after a technical review by the Regional Land Use Committee (RLUC) of the Regional Development Council (RDC). The national line agencies also provide external institutional support. The national agencies – particularly the Department of Agriculture (DA), the Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) –could provide science-based data, particularly on geological and hydro-meteorological hazards, land cover, and other spatial-based information which are crucial inputs in land use planning. Furthermore, Sec. 3(i) of RA 7160 stipulates that LGUs shall share with the National Government the responsibility in the management and maintenance of ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction, subject to the provisions of the code and national policies. Zoning Development and Implementation Zoning preparation serves as a basic regulatory tool in the implementation of the CLUP. The HLURB developed a guidebook on model zoning ordinance which serves as a guide to the LGUs in crafting their customized zoning ordinance based on their prepared CLUP. Part of the institutional support for the implementation of the zoning ordinance is the creation of the Local Zoning Board of Appeals (LBZA) that is composed of the following:

City or Municipal Mayor as Chairman

SP/SB Committee Chairperson on Land Use/Zoning (If said committee is nonexistent, the SP/SB may elect a representative)

City or Municipal Legal Officer

City or Municipal Assessor

City or Municipal Engineer

City or Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (if other than the Zoning Administrator/Zoning Officer)

City/Municipal Community Environment and Natural Resources Officer/Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Officer

Two (2) representatives of the private sector nominated by their respective organizations

Two (2) representatives from non-government and civil society organizations nominated by their respective organizations.

The City/ Municipal Planning and Development Office shall serve as the Secretariat to the LZBA. The LZBA may invite resource persons in support of the performance of its functions. The functions of the LBZA are as follows:

Act on applications of the following nature: variances, exceptions; non-conforming uses; and complaints and oppositions to applications.


Act on appeals on Grant or Denial of Locational Clearance by the Zoning Administrator/ Zoning Officer.

Act on appeals regarding the non-conformity of existing uses, buildings or structures to the applicable provisions of this Ordinance.

The decisions of the LZBA shall be carried by an absolute majority vote (50 percent + 1) of its members.


Annex 2. Land Use Planning Options and Hazard Mitigation Interventions

Land Use Planning Options

Description

Specific Hazard

Applicability

Specific Structural and Non-structural Land Use Measures

Density control

Applying occupancy and density ceilings for allowed land uses

Flooding Limit occupancy load and floor area ratios in higher population density exposed to flooding (the higher the population density, the potential for property damage is greater)

Fault Allow only low density, single family residential land use in buffer zone (usually 5 meters to the left and right of fault line)

Site selection and development controls

Keeping inappropriate land use and development out of hazard areas

Flooding Avoiding areas where development will increase the likelihood of risk or level of impact

Keeping development out of high-risk and extreme-risk zones.

Flood proofing in medium- to high-risk areas.

Fault Restrict any new construction within the surface faulting zone

Require geologic studies and foundation designs for proposed structures within fault zones.

Mandate abatement or retrofitting of existing buildings within surface zones.

Encourage voluntary retrofitting as one goes farther away from the fault zone.

Ground shaking

Allow only low-intensity land uses in high risk areas where there is potential for land failure due landslide or liquefaction.

Restrict high-rises and high-occupancy residential buildings and offices in high risk areas underlain by soft soils.

Require special geological studies, site investigations and special foundation designs.

Landslide Slope stabilization with protective structures and natural means such as covering the slope with vegetation.

Engineered retaining walls with drainage built in front of houses.

Adequate surface drainage.

Design and building regulations

Application of appropriate building controls

Flooding Building control in terms of elevation (e.g. lower floor of residential structures must be above the 100-year flood level) high foundation walls, stilts, pilings, setbacks, minimum lot size depending on risk levels.

Ground shaking

Enact and adopt building code regulations that adequately represent the seismic hazards.

Building code provisions should encourage regular building shapes, which minimize torsional effects in the building.

Limit building appendages or reinforce them, if constructed.

Limit signs and billboards or require reinforcements, if constructed.

Landslide Foundations founded on bedrock should be required.

Strengthening and retrofitting of existing buildings

Reinforcing existing buildings and structures in hazard areas

Ground shaking

Legally require retrofitting for high-risk areas and highly vulnerable buildings due to intense ground shaking.

Promote voluntary retrofitting of identified hazardous buildings.

Protection for lifelines

Critical facilities are ensured of their functionality during disasters

Flooding Construct overhead service lines.

Protect water and sewer lines.

Electric meters placed above flood line.

Ground shaking

Move highly vulnerable emergency facilities, hospitals and schools out of high-risk areas.


Land Use Planning Options

Description

Specific Hazard

Applicability

Specific Structural and Non-structural Land Use Measures

Provide redundancy in emergency services distributed throughout the planning unit.

Open space preservation

Specific areas used for low intensity and low density use to minimize property damage

Flooding Flood plains used only for agriculture use.

Maintain riparian vegetation to prevent erosion.

Wetlands created as a means to absorb peak flows form the flood.

Volcano Danger zones, say 6 kilometer radius could

Land Acquisition

Purchase of government of land in hazard areas and provide alternative locations

Fault Buy out existing critical facilities (schools, hospitals) within fault zones and concert to low-risk land use.

Ground shaking

Purchase high-risk lands and use for open spaces and areas for emergency operations.

Relocation Mandatory or voluntary relocation of affected families to safe areas

Landslide Relocating families and communities at-risk to landslides would be the ideal option to eliminate landslide risk.

Financial incentive

Scheme for risk sharing through tax incentives

Fault Real estate tax holidays to owners who do not develop their lands within fault zones.

Public disclosure

Owners are compelled to reveal information related to hazards in their property.

Fault Require property owners and developers who are selling land on the fault zones to disclose the risk of fault rupture to the property in question.

Source: Regional Consultative Committee on Disaster Management (RCC). June 2011. Promoting Use of Disaster Risk Information in Land Use Planning. Bangkok: Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)


Annex 3. Land Use and Infrastructure Plan Content Correlation Matrix

Sector

Contents, by Planning Type

Regional Urban General/Master

Zoning/Detail Specialized Technical Infrastructure

Spatial Planning

Systems of Centers, Regions

Scope or sizes of functional areas including restricted and development areas

Organization of public trees, yards, gardens and water surfaces

Not Applicable

Land Use Planning

Systems of Centers, Regions

Criteria for land use

Identification of public centers, parks and open space

Criteria for land use of planned urban land

Not Applicable

Urban Design

Architecture and landscape orientations for functional areas

Architectural form, colors, and materials for constructions works and architectural objects

Building heights and setbacks

Not Applicable

Transportation

Networks, positions and sizes of key infrastructure

Transport networks

Locations and sizes of major routes and stations

Transport networks, cross-sections, boundaries

Locations and areas of car stations and parking lots

Metro routes and stations

Technical trenches and tunnels

Actual construction and future demand

External transport system including locations and sizes of key works

Classification and organization of road networks and railway routes

Locations and sizes of key works

Mass transit planning

Water Supply


Water reserves, demands and supply sources

Locations, sizes, capacities of key works, transmission and distribution routes

Water demands and supply sources

Locations and sizes, of water plants and pump stations

Water pipeline network and detailed technical parameters

Water sources, capacity, quality, pressure etc.

Water supply criteria

Supply pipeline works

Locations and sizes of supply facilities

Wastewater


Total volumes


Total volumes

Water drainage network

Locations and sizes of wastewater treatment facilities

Current drainage network, stations, capacities, pollution

Criteria and parameters for volumes, receiving sources, and capacities

Collection and treatment system

Directions, locations, and sizes of networks, discharge points

Water quality

Locations and sizes of treatment plants

Ground Levelling and

Networks, positions and

Topography and restricted areas

Standard ground levels

Current conditions and risk areas

Restricted zones


Sector

Contents, by Planning Type

Regional Urban General/Master

Zoning/Detail Specialized Technical Infrastructure

Drainage sizes of key infrastructure

Water basins and drainage zones and direction

Direction and location of water drainage works

Standard ground floor levels

Evaluation of drainage and flooding

Directions, locations, and sizes of networks, discharge points

Locations and sizes of drainage pump stations and other works

Water basins, drainage sources/sinks

Measures against disasters

Maximum ground floor levels

Electricity Supply and Lighting


Power reserves, demands and supply sources


Power use demands and supply sources

Locations and sizes, of distribution stations

Medium-voltage power line grid and urban lighting system

Current supply and consumption, sources and grids

Locations and sizes of transformer stations

Power supply norms and demand

Organization and forms of lighting

Lighting criteria, demand forecasts and solutions

Information & Communication



Information and communication demands network

Current system and arrangement of wires

Demands

Networks and transmission systems

Solid Waste


Total volumes

Locations and sizes of treatment sites

Total volumes

Locations and sizes of treatment facilities

Current sources, compositions, characteristics, volumes

Criteria and source/volume forecasting

Collection and treatment system

Locations and sizes of collection points, transit stations and treatment facilities

Source: USAID Climate Impact Decision Support Tool, 2014


Annex 4. Pertinent National Policies in Land Use Planning (for Batangas City)

RAs and PDs Title Remarks

Presidential Decree No. 705

Decree No. 389, otherwise known as The Forestry Reform Code of the Philippines

Pertinent provision on 18% above in slope are classified as forest land and therefore non-buildable

PD 1096 An Act Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines, thereby Revising Republic Act 6541 BP 344: An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to Install Facilities and Other Devices.

Provision on appropriate standards for sidewalks and building setbacks

Republic Act No. 8435

An Act Prescribing Urgent Related Measures to Modernize the Agriculture and Fisheries Sectors of the Country in order to Enhance Their Profitability, and Prepare Said Sectors for the Challenges of Globalization Through an Adequate, Focused and Rational Delivery of Necessary Support Services, Appropriating Funds Thereof and for Other Purposes

Areas considered as prime agricultural land particularly those that are irrigated and potentially irrigable land are not subject for land conversion and therefore must be protected


An Act Providing for the Regulation of the Cutting of Coconut Trees, Its Replenishment, Providing Penalties Thereof and For Other Purposes

Provision on cutting of coconut trees below 60 years old is prohibited and therefore protected for conversion


An Act Providing for an Ecological Solid Waste Management Program, Creating the Necessary Institutional Mechanisms and Incentives, Declaring Certain Acts Prohibited and Providing Penalties, Appropriating Funds Thereof, and for Other Purposes

Designation of suitable land area within the LGUs is required are part of the environment support infrastructure. This must be properly earmarked in the CLUP area allocation

PD No. 957

Regulating the Sale of Subdivision Lots and Condominiums, Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof

Allocation of areas within the LGUs for residential purposes

BP 220

An Act Authorizing the Ministry of Human Settlements to Establish and Promulgate Different Levels of Standards and Technical Requirements for Economic and Socialized Housing Projects in Urban and Rural Areas from Those Provided Under Presidential Decrees 1957, 1216, 1096, and 1185

Allocation of suitable areas for residential purposes


An Act to Provide for a Comprehensive and Continuing Urban Development and Housing Program, Establish the Mechanism for Its Implementation, and for Other Purposes

Allocation of suitable areas for socialized housing program


National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 Identification of areas/ and structure within the LGU that are considered as heritage areas


An Act Providing for the Establishment and Management of National Integrated Protected Areas System, Defining Its Scope and Coverage, and for Other Purposes

Allocation of areas considered as NIPAS within the LGU

Republic Act 10121 An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other Purposes

Identification of hazards areas within the LGU. These areas are subject for adaptive and mitigation measures particularly when areas are settled

Republic Act 9729 or the Climate Change Act of 2009

An Act Establishing the Climate Change Commission – an independent national government agency attached to the Office of the President which serves as the lead policy-making body of the government tasked to

Identification of hazards areas within the LGU. These areas are subject for adaptive and



coordinate, monitor, and evaluate the programs and action plans of the government relating to climate change pursuant to the provisions of RA 9729.

mitigation measures particularly when areas are settled

Presidential Decree No. 1067 December 31, 1976

A Decree Instituting a Water Code, Thereby Revising and Consolidating the Laws Governing the Ownership, Appropriation, Utilization, Exploitation, Development, Conservation and Protection of Water Resources

Provision on the easement particularly on riverbanks and coastal areas. These areas are considered non-buildable


Annex 5. Framework of analysis for the determination of buildable and non-buildable areas

From the Rationalized Local Planning System (RLPS) by Prof. Ernesto M. Serote – Faculty University of the Philippines Diliman - School of Urban and Regional Planning (UPD-SURP) (Serote, Property, Patrimony and Territory, 2004)


Annex 6. Pertinent National Policies that relates to Land Use Planning for CDO Reference



Decree No. 389, Otherwise Known as The Forestry Reform Code of the Philippines

Pertinent provision on 18% above in slope are classified as forest land and therefor non-buildable

PD 1096 An Act Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines thereby Revising Republic Act numbered sixty-five hundred forty-one BP 344 An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring certain buildings, institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.



An Act Prescribing Urgent Related Measures To Modernize The Agriculture And Fisheries Sectors Of The Country In Order To Enhance Their Profitability, And Prepare Said Sectors For The Challenges Of Globalization Through An Adequate, Focused And Rational Delivery Of Necessary Support Services, Appropriating Funds Therefor And For Other Purposes



An Act Providing For the Regulation of the Cutting of Coconut Trees, Its Replenishment, Providing Penalties Therefor and For Other Purposes



An Act Providing For an Ecological Solid Waste Management Program, Creating the Necessary Institutional Mechanisms and Incentives, Declaring Certain Acts Prohibited and Providing Penalties, Appropriating Funds Therefor, And For Other Purposes


PD No. 957



BP 220

An Act Authorizing The Ministry Of Human Settlements To Establish And Promulgate Different Levels Of Standards And Technical Requirements for Economic And Socialized Housing Projects In Urban And Rural Areas From Those Provided Under Presidential Decrees 1957, 1216, 1096, and 1185



An Act To Provide For A Comprehensive And Continuing Urban Development And Housing Program, Establish The Mechanism For Its Implementation, And For Other Purposes





An Act Providing For The Establishment And Management Of National Integrated Protected Areas System, Defining Its Scope And Coverage, And For Other Purposes


Republic Act 10121 An Act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan



An act establishing the Climate Change Commission – an independent national government agency attached to the Office of the President who serves as the lead policy-making body of the government tasked to coordinate, monitor and evaluate the programs and action plans of the government relating to climate change pursuant to the provisions of RA 9729.





A Decree Instituting A Water Code, Thereby Revising And Consolidating The Laws Governing The Ownership, Appropriation, Utilization, Exploitation, Development, Conservation And Protection Of Water Resources



Annex 7. Pertinent National Policies on Land Use Planning: Iloilo City Reference

RAs and PDs Title Remarks Presidential Decree No. 705

Decree No. 389, Otherwise Known As The Forestry Reform Code of the Philippines


PD 1096 An Act Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines, thereby Revising Republic Act 6541, and BP 344, An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring certain buildings, institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.











PD No. 957



BP 220

An Act Authorizing The Ministry Of Human Settlements To Establish And Promulgate Different Levels Of Standards And Technical Requirements for Economic And Socialized Housing Projects In Urban And Rural Areas From Those Provided Under Presidential Decrees Numbered Nine Hundred Fifty-Seven, Twelve Hundred Sixteen, Ten Hundred Ninety-Six and Eleven Hundred Eighty-Five










Republic Act 10121

An Act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing Management Act the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan



An act establishing the Climate Change Commission – an independent national government agency attached to the Office of the President who serves as the lead policy-making body of the government tasked to

Identification of hazards areas within the LGU. These areas are subject for adaptive and


RAs and PDs Title Remarks coordinate, monitor and evaluate the programs and

action plans of the government relating to climate change pursuant to the provisions of RA 9729.

mitigation measures particularly when areas are settled





Annex 8. Pertinent National Policies that relate to Land Use Planning: PPC Reference





PD 1096 An Act Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines, thereby Revising Republic Act 6541; BP 344, An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring certain buildings, institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.











PD No. 957



BP 220











Republic Act 10121




An act establishing the Climate Change Commission – an independent national government agency attached to the Office of the President who serves as the lead policy-making body of the government tasked to coordinate, monitor and evaluate the programs and action plans of the government relating to climate change pursuant to the provisions of RA 9729.



Annex 9. Hands-on Training in Planning Conducted: Puerto Princesa City

Hands-on Training

Topics

1. Session 1 “Visioning”

Rationalizing the Local Planning System

The CLUP – nature, function and process

The Importance of Goals in Planning

What is a proper vision for an LGU

Retrofitting (or Reformulating) the City’s Vision: Determining the outward-looking and inward-looking component of the vision

The LGU Vision and the National Goals of Physical Development

Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in the Local Planning System”. Retrofitting the City’s Vision to Incorporate Indicators of a Disaster-Resilient City

2. Session 2: Sectoral, Inter-sectoral and Area Situational Analysis

Profiling and Beyond: How to Prepare Data for use in Planning and Decision Making

Profiling and Analyzing the Population

Profiling and Analyzing the Social Sector

Profiling and Analyzing the Economic Sector

Profiling and Analyzing the Infrastructure Sector

Profiling and Analyzing the ENR Sector

Profiling and Analyzing the Institutional Sector

Discussion on the Outline of the Ecological Profile and the LDI Table

Sectoral Situational Analysis – Statistical Data (Using the Problem Solution Matrix)

Map Overlay Analysis

3. Session 3. Land Accounting and Land Demand and Supply Balancing and Generating Alternative Urban Forms/ Structural Plan

Discussion on Sectoral Profiles and LDIs by the 5 Sectoral Committees and Map Overlay Analysis results by the GIS Team

Analyzing Identified Development Challenges Development challenges identified from the Vision-Reality Gap and decision zones identified through map overlay analysis

Land Demand and Supply Balancing: Determining Supply of Buildable Land by the Land Use and Projecting Future Demand for Urban Land

Urban Forms: Rationale, Function, Generators and Stereotypes”

Generating Alternative Urban Forms Preliminary Designs

Characterization of Alternative Urban Forms

Methods of Plan Evaluation: Focus on the Goal Achievement Matrix

Selecting the Preferred Urban Form using the Goal-Achievement Matrix

4. Session 4. Detailing the Chosen Spatial Strategy/ Structural Plan and Formulation of Land and Water Policies

Detailing the Chosen Urban Form – Some Considerations

Formulating Land and Water Use Policies

Formulating Land and Water Use Policies by Geographical Area

Formulating Land and Water Use Policies by Ecosystem

Formulating Land and Water Use Policies by Zoning District

Zoning and Other Tools for Implementing the CLUP

Format and Contents of New Zoning Ordinance


Annex 10. Pertinent National Policies that relate to Land Use Planning: Tagbilaran City Reference





PD 1096 An Act Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines, thereby Revising Republic Act 6541; BP 344, An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring certain buildings, institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.











PD No. 957



BP 220











Republic Act 10121




An act establishing the Climate Change Commission – an independent national government agency attached to the Office of the President who serves as the lead policy-making body of the government

Identification of hazards areas within the LGU. These areas are subject for adaptive and mitigation



tasked to coordinate, monitor and evaluate the programs and action plans of the government relating to climate change pursuant to the provisions of RA 9729.

measures particularly when areas are settled





Annex 11. Pertinent National Policies that relates to Land Use Planning: Zamboanga City Reference

RAs and PDs Title Remarks Presidential Decree No. 705



PD 1096 An Act Adopting a National Building Code of the Philippines thereby Revising Republic Act 6541; BP 344, An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring certain buildings, institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.











PD No. 957



BP 220











Republic Act 10121




An act establishing the Climate Change Commission – an independent national government agency attached to the Office of the President who serves as the lead policy-making body of the government tasked to coordinate, monitor and evaluate the programs and



action plans of the government relating to climate change pursuant to the provisions of RA 9729.




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