Untitled - UNICEF
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Oa,smZOf .............................................................................................................................................. 3
aus;Zl;wifvTm .............................................................................................................................................. 5
twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm; ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
tpD&ifcHpm\&nf&G,fcsuf ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
aemufcHtaMumif;&if; ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcavsmhyg;a&; ....................................................................................................................... 10
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqkH;½IH;EdkifajcnDrQjcif;wGifuav;oli,fA[dkjyKjcif; ...................................................................... 11
2017 ckESpf ,leDqufESifh jrefrmEdkifiH\ ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh qkH;½IH;Edkifajcavsmhyg;a&; ................................................... 12
jrefrmEdkifiH\ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcrsm; ............................................................................................................. 13
uav;oli,fA[dkjyKab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc qef;ppfavhvmcsuf-CCRA .................................... 14
'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0rI\ wdk;wufaumif;rGefrIrsm; ........................................................................................................................ 15
uefYowfcsufrsm;ESifhtcGifhtvrf;rsm; .................................................................................................................................................. 16
usm;^r u@ESifh tm;vkH; tBuHK;0if yg0ifrI ..................................................................................................................................... 17
uav;oli,fA[dkjyKxdawGYEdkifajcjy ajrykH ......................................................................................................................... 19
yHk - xdawGYEdkifajcjyajryHk- NrdKUe,f tvdkuf uav;oli,fOD;a& ................................................................................ 19
tEÅ&m,frsm; .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
tEÅ&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;jyajryHk ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
xdcdkufcH&vG,frI ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
uav;oli,fqdkif&m xdcdkufcH&vG,frIjyajryHk ................................................................................................................. 25
pGrf;aqmif&nf ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
pGrf;aqmif&nfjyajryHk ............................................................................................................................................................... 29
&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif; ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31
uav;oli,fA[dkjyKab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc ....................................................................................................... 33
uav;oli,fA[dkjyKab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½IH;EdkifajcjyajryHk ....................................................................... 34
uav;oli,fA[dkjyKab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcavhvmqef;ppfcsuftm;toHk;jyKjcif; .................... 37
NrdKUe,ftvdkuf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcqdkif&mrSwfwrf;jyKpkjcif; ................................................................. 37
uav;A[dkjyK ab;'PfcHedkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;tay:n§dEdIif;yHhydk;ay;rIrsm; ................................................................................................ 37
bufpkH u@pHkyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif; ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcrsm;xnfhoGif;xm;aomEdkifiHawmftqifhtpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif; .......................... 39
usrf;udk;pm&if;ESifhtñTef;udk;um;csufrsm; ................................................................................................................................................. 41
aemufqufwGJ 1 - tcsuftvufpm&if;ESifh&if;jrpfrsm; ............................................................................................................... 45
aemufqufwGJ2-rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme\&moDOwkajymif;vJrIqdkif&mtcsuftvuf .................... 48
aemufqufwGJ 3-CCRA yxrESifh 'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0rIqdkif&m&vm'frsm;\ EdkifiHtqifhEIdif;,SOfcsuf .................... 50
aemufqufwGJ 4 - NrdKUe,ftvdkufab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&mtqifhowfrSwfcsufrsm;
(tjrifhqHk;NrdKUe,f 40) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 51
aemufqufwGJ5-NrdKUe,ftvdkufuav;oli,frsm;qdkif&m xdcdkufcH&vG,frItqifhowfrSwfcsufrsm;
(tjrifhqHk;NrdKUe,f 40) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 53
aemufqufwGJ 6 - NrdKUe,ftvdkufpGrf;aqmif&nfqdkif&m tqifhowfrSwfcsufrsm;
(tedrfhqHk;NrdKUe,f 40) ................................................................................................................................................................................. 55
aemufqufwGJ 7 - CCRA tnTef;rsm;tm;vHk; (tjrifhqHk;NrdKUe,f 100) ..................................................................................... 57
1
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yHk 2 - xdawGYEdkifajcjyajryHk-NrdKUe,ftvdkufuav;oli,fOD;a& .................................................................................................. 19
yHk 3 - tEÅ&m,fjyajryHk ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
yHk 4 - uav;oli,fqdkif&m xdcdkufcH&vG,frIjyajrykH ........................................................................................................................ 27
yHk 5 - pGrf;aqmif&nfjyajryHk ............................................................................................................................................................................. 30
yHk 6 - &moDOwkajymif;vJrIjyajrykH ................................................................................................................................................................. 32
yHk 7 - uav;oli,fA[dkjyKab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcqef;ppfavhvmcsufjyajryHk ......................... 34
2
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jrefrmEdkifiHonf uav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumihf xdcdkufqkH;Edkifajc qef;ppfcsuf 2015
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jzpfyGm;vG,fonfh tajctaewGif tEÅ&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;aMumifh xdcdkufqkH;½IH;Edkifajcudk rjzpfrae xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;
aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/ 2008 ckESpfwGif jzpfyGm;cJhonhf em*pfrkefwdkif;ESihf 2015 ckESpfwGif BuHKawGY&cJhaom
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tEÅ&m,frsm;\qdk;usdK; oufa&mufEdkifrIudkjyovsuf&SdNyD; EdkifiHvlOD;a&\okH;ykHwpfykHcefY&Sdaomuav;oli,frsm;tay:
tqdkygab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\pdefac:rI rnfrQBuD;rm;vsuf&SdaMumif;udkvnf; em;vnfoabmaygufapEdkifygonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumihf xdcdkufqkH;½IH;Edkifajcrsm; ydkrdkodjrifem;vnfvmap&ef? wkefYjyef aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;
ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmap&efESihf ab;'PfBuHhBuHhcHEdkifpGrf; ydkrdkwdk;jr§ihfay;Edkifap&eftvdkYiSm rsm;rMumrDuyif jrefrmEdkifiH\
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESihf oufqdkifaom Oya'ydkif;qdkif&m rlabmifvkyfief;pOfrsm;udkvnf; a&;qGJxm;NyD;jzpfygonf/
topfjznfhpGufa&;qGJxm;onfh jrefrmEdkifiH ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqkH;½IH;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&; vkyfief;pDrHcsuf
MAPDRR2017 onf urÇmvkH;qdkif&m oabmwlnDcsufrsm; jzpfonhf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumihf xdcdkufqkH;½IH;Edkifajc
avsmhyg;a&;qdkif&m qef'dkif;rlabmifESifh csdwfqufa&;qGJxm;NyD; pOfqufrjywfzGHYNzdK;rIyef;wdkifyg &nfrSef;csufrsm;
taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufEdkifap&;twGufvnf; taxmuftuljyKEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ MAPDRR2017
udk ]]vlYtoufqkH;½IH;rIrsm;? pD;yGm;a&;? ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfESifh obm0ywf0ef;usifudk tm;vkH;yg0ifonhf
csOf;uyfenf;tokH;jyKí umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;jcif;jzifh pOfqufrjywf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufonfh jrefrmEdkifiH jzpfay:
vmap&ef}} [laom arQmfrSef;csufjzihf taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/
þjrefrmEdkifiHuav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumihf xdcdkufqkH;½IH;Edkifajcqef;ppfcsuf 'kwd,
tBudrf xkwfa0jcif;onf MAPDRR 2017 wGifyg0ifonhf tm;vkH;tusKH;0ifaom ab;tEÅ&m,faMumihf xdcdkuf
qkH;½IH;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;ESifh qufpyfonfh OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;&yfrsm;udk yHhydk;ay;&efjzpfNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH\ ab;tEÅ&m,f
xdcdkufvG,frIESihfywfoufNyD; ydkrdkod&Sdem;vnfEdkifap&ef tm;jznfhvkyfaqmifEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ obm0
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESihf vlzefwD;onfhab;tEÅ&m,frsm; aygif;pyfjzpfyGm;Edkifonfh taetxm;wGif rnfonhfa'o
rsm;rS uav;oli,frsm;onf xdcdkufvG,frI tjrihfqkH;tqifhwGif &Sdaeonfudk qef;ppfcsufyg tcsuf tvufrsm;ESihf
ajrykHrsm;rS azmfjyvsuf&Sdygonf/ 'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0onfh CCRA wGif xdcdkufqkH;½IH;Edkifajcjy ajrykHrsm;udk
aemufqkH;tajctaeESifh udkufnDrI&Sdap&ef xyfrHjyifqifjznfhpGufxm;NyD; 2014 ckESpf oef;acgifpm&if;yg tcsuf
tvufrsm;tay:tajccHí qef;ppfavhvmrIrsm; jyKvkyfxm;ygonf/ yxrtBudrf xkwfa0cJhonfh CCRA onf
wdkif;a'oBuD;^ jynfe,ftqihf qef;ppfcsufrsm;omyg0ifcJhNyD; ,cktBudrfwGifrl uav;oli,frsm;&ifqdkifBuKHawGY
ae&onhf tEÅ&m,frsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í ydkrdkwdusjynfhpkHonhftcsuftvufrsm;udk tokH;jyKvsufNrdKUe,ftqihftxd
NcKHikHqef;ppfcsufrsm;xnfhoGif;xm;ygonf/ tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqkH;½IH;EdkifrItaetxm;rsm;udk jrifom
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ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqkH;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;twGuf pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufay;&mwGifjzpfap? aqmif
3
&Guf&rnfh OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;rsm; owfrSwfazmfxkwf vkyfaqmif&mwGifjzpfap taxmuftuljyKEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/
a'gufwm0if;jrwfat;
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;
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jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiH
4
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jrefrmEdkifiH uav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc qef;ppfavhvmcsuf 'kwd,
tBudrfxkwfa0rIrSm ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJrIOD;pD;Xme? rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme? vlrI0efxrf;
OD;pD;Xme? ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;Xme? rD;owfOD;pD;XmewdkY tygt0if jynfaxmifpkor®®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&ESifh rdwfzufyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIaMumifhom trSefwu,f taumiftxnfay:vmcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqkH;½IH;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&; vkyfief;tzGJUESifh ¤if;\tzGJU0ifrsm;ESifhtwl vufwGJyl;aygif;
aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh CCRA twGuf tcsuftvufrsm;? enf;ynmydkif;qdkif&myHhydk;rIrsm;ESifh tBuHjyKcsufrsm;pGm
vufcH&&SdcJhygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH,leDquftaejzifh uav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifajc qef;ppf
avhvmcsufudk a&;om;jyKpkjcif; vkyfief;pOfwavQmuf yHhydk;ulnDay;ygaom Xmeqdkif&mtzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh
vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;pDtm; aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf/
,cktpD&ifcHpmudk a&;om;yHkESdyfjzefYa0&eftwGuf vdIufvSJpGmulnDay;cJhonfh United Kingdom’s Depart-
ment for International Development (DFID) udkvnf; aus;Zl;wiftyfygonf/
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5
twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm;twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm;twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm;twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm;twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm;
ACLED Armed Conflict Location and Event Database
vufeufudkify#dyu©ae&mESifh jzpf&yfrsm;qdkif&m tcsufvufrsm;
CCA Climate Change Adaptation
&moDOwkajymif;vJrIESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGpGmaqmif&Gufjcif;
CCRA Child-Centred Risk Assessment
uav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifajc qef;ppftuJjzwfcsuf
CSO Central Statistical Organization
A[dkpm&if;tif;tzGJ Y
DHS Demographic and Health Survey
vlOD;a&tajcjyK usef;rma&;ppfwrf;
DMH Department of Meteorology and Hydrology
rdk;av0oESifh ZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqkH;½IH;edkifajcavQmhcsa&;
DRRWG Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqkH;½IH;edkifajcavQmhcsa&; vkyfief;tzGJ Y
DSW Department of Social Welfare
vlrI0efxrf;OD;pD;Xme
ECD Early Childhood Development
a&S;OD;t&G,f uav;oli,f zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrI
GoM Government of Myanmar
jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&
HCT Humanitarian Country Team
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HFA Hyogo Framework for Action
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IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee
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MAPDRR Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction
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M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
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MEC Myanmar Earthquake Committee
6
jrefrmEdkifiH ivsifaumfrwD
MES Myanmar Engineering Society
jrefrmEdkifiH tif*sifeD,mrsm;toif;
MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
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MIMU Myanmar Information Management Unit
jrefrmowif;ESifh tcsuftvufqdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIXme
MRCS Myanmar Red Cross Society
jrefrmEdkifiH MuufajceDtoif;
NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action
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NASA United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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NGO Non-Governmental Organization
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DDM Department of Disaster Management
ab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&mpDrHcefUcGJrIqdkif&mOD;pD;Xme
UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework
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UNDP United Nations Development Programme
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UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme
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UNHCR United Nations High Commission on Refugees
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UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
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UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
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UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
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WB World Bank
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WFP World Food Programme
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7
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ta&;ygaom enf;vrf;wcktjzpfvnf; yHhydk;ay;onf/
ae&ma'otoD;oD;rS ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcqdkif&mtqifhrsm; avhvm
qef;ppfEdkif&efESifh ab;tEÅ&m,frSjyefvnfxlaxmifEdkif&eftwGuf vdktyfaomtcsuftvufrsm;jzpfonfh vlOD;a&?
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udkvnf; xnfhoGif;xm;ygonf/ ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmonfh vlOD;a&rsm;\ xdcdkufvG,frIrsm;udk wdkif;wmEdkif&efvnf;
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toHk;jyKum azmfjyxm;ygonf/
þavhvmqef;ppfrIonf tñTef; (32) ckudktoHk;jyKxm;jyD; jrefrmEdkifiH\NrdKUawmf(325) jrdKU&Sd
uav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajctqifhrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdkUtjyif
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1http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology 2017
10
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11
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12
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13
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'' INFORM '' rS urÇmay:wGif 12 EdkifiHajrmufab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajctrsm;qHk;EdkifiHtjzpf
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owfrSwfxm;ygonf/ obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udkomMunfhygu jrefrmEdkifiHonf United Nations University
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rsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc trsm;qHk;edkifiH jzpfygonf/
rMumao;rD ESpfrsm;ujzpfyGm;cJhaom obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;rS&&SdcJhaom tawGYtBuHKrsm;onf
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ESifh ywfoufaom BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfqdkif&mwHkYjyefrIrsm;udkvnf; ydkrdkaqmif&GufvmMuonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf xda&mufrI&Sdaomab;avQmhcsa&; r[mAsL[mwGif tem*wfüjzpfvmEdkifaom ab;tEÅ&m,f
rsm;udk avsmhenf;ap&ef&nf&G,fNyD; &ifqdkifwHkYjyefEdkifpGrf;jr§ifhrm;ap&efESifh wdk;wufzGHYNzdK;rItpDtpOfrsm; tygt0if
aemifjyKvkyfrnfh okawoersm;? &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm;? xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcrsm; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;xm;aom BudKwif
jyifqifrI? ab;avsmhyg;a&;ESifh BudKwifumuG,ftpDtpOfrsm; ydkrdkyg0if&efvdktyfygonf/
uav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc qef;ppfavhvmcsuf-CCRA
uav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc qef;ppfavhvmcsuf- CCRAtm;
ab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&m ½IawmifhtrsdK;rsKd;rS ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;EdkifajcwGif yg0ifaom tpdwftydkif;
wpfckpDudk qef;ppfay;NyD; NyD;jynfhpHkaom qef;ppfcsuftjzpfa&;qJGxm;ygonf/ CCRA onf uav;oli,frsm;
tay: A[dkjyKjcif;jzifh xdcdkufvG,ftzJGUwGifvlOD;a&trsm;qHk;? udk,fpm;jyKazmfjyrItenf;yg;qHk;ESifh tcsdK;rrQwpGm
xdcdkufcHpm;&rI tjrifhrm;qHk;jzpfonfh uav;oli,frsm;tay: ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; rnfodkYoufa&mufonfudk
qef;ppfazmfjyxm;ygonf/ uav;rsm;\ xdcdkufcH&vG,frIrsm;onf zGHYNzdK;a&;qdkif&m pdefac:rIrsm;ukdwdkif;wmonfh
oifhawmfaom tñTef;udef;yifjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh uav;rsm;\ xdcdkufcH&vG,frIrsm;udk avhvmqef;ppfjcif;jzifh
edkifiHawmf\ ab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&m xdcdkufcH&vG,frIod&SdEdkifygonf/
tm&Sypdzdwfa'owavQmuf&Sd EdkifiHrsm;wGif usifhoHk;rIenf;vrf; 6 &yfrSwqifh jzpfay:vmaom
UNICEF \ CCRA enf;ynmonf jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh DRR WG \tzGJU0ifrsm;jzifh yl;aygif;rIrSwqifh
jynfwGif;taetxm;ESifh udkufnDap&ef a&;qJGxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ab;tEÅ&m,fxdcdkufqHk;½IH;EdkifajcpDrHcefYcGJ&ef
ESifh &moDOwkajymif;vJrIudk vdkufavsmnDaxGrI&Sdap&ef uav;OD;a& ( xdawGUEdkifajc )? vlrIpD;yGm;qdkif&mxdcdkufvG,frI?
pGrf;aqmif&nfwdkYESifh ywfoufaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk aygif;pnf;jcif;jzifh CCRA tm; jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd
NrdKUe,f (325) NrdKUe,fwGif uav;rsm;\ ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcqdkif&mtm; wdkif;wmonffh
qef;ppfcsufwpf&yftjzpf taumiftxnfazmfEdkifcJhygonf/
CCRA\ onf uav;oli,frsm;twGuf jrefrmedkifiH&Sd ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkif
ajcqdkif&mrsm;od&Sdap&ef wifjyxm;ygonf/ CCRA ajryHkrsm;onf ab;jzpfEdkifrIyrmPESifhae&mrsm;udkk OD;pm;ay;
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CCRA onf oufqdkif&m? tpdk;&0efBuD;Xmersm;? rdwfzuftzJGUtpnf;rsm;tm; jrefrmedkifiH&Sd
14
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xnfhoGif;oHk;oyfxm;ygonf/
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wGif atmufqHk;tkyfcsKyfrI,lepfjzpfaomfvnf; jynfhpHkNyD;tao;pdwftcsuftvufudk &Edkifaom,lepfjzpfygonf/
NrdKUe,fwpfckpDtwGuf uav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc &rSwfwGufcsuf&ef
aygif;pnf;xm;ygonf (yHk 1) / &v'frsm;t& &cdkifjynfe,fonf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;edkifajc
trsm;qHk;NrdKUe,f 10 ck teuf 5 ckjzifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc trsm;qHk;jynfe,fjzpfaMumif;
awGY&Sd&ygonf/ (Z,m;2)/ ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajctrsm;qHk;onf &cdkifjynfe,f ? {&m0wDwdkif;
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ucsifjynfe,frsm;wGifvnf; ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Ekdifajc&SdaMumif;udkvnf; awGY&Sd&ygonf/
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(yHk 1)/ uav;oli,fxdawGYEdkifajcjyajryHk (yHk 2)/ tEÅ&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;jyajryHk (yHk 3)/ uav;A[dkjyKxdcdkufvG,frIjyajryHk
(yHk 4)/ pGrf;aqmif&nfjyajryHk (yHk 5)/ &moDOwktajymif;tvJjyajryHk (yHk 6)/ CCRA jzpfpOfonf aemifvmrnfh
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'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0rI\ wdk;wufaumif;rGefrIrsm;'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0rI\ wdk;wufaumif;rGefrIrsm;'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0rI\ wdk;wufaumif;rGefrIrsm;'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0rI\ wdk;wufaumif;rGefrIrsm;'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0rI\ wdk;wufaumif;rGefrIrsm;
CCRA yxrtBudrfwnf;jzwfrIonf jrefrmEdkifiH\ jynfe,f 14 ckESifhwdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;tMum;&Sd
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A[dkpm&if;tif;Xme (CSO) \ 2014 oef;acgifpm&if;tcsuftvuft& ,ck 'kwd,tBudrf wnf;jzwfrIonf
jrefrmEdkifiH\NrdKUe,f 325 ckwGif uav;rsm;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcudk oHk;oyfxm;ygonf/
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vkyfief;rsm;udk ydkrdkwduspGm azmfjyEdkifygonf/
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15
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vlOD;a&udkavQmhNyD; a&wGufrdjcif;wdkYaMumifh xdktcsuftvufwdkYrSm jynfhpHkrItm;enf;onf/ CCRA onf
oef;acgifpm&if;tcsuftvufwGif ,cifuyg0ifjcif;r&SdcJhaomvlOD;a&rsm;ESifh tjcm;oD;oefUaumuf,lxm;aom
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16
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9
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http:// reliefweb.int/ sites/ reliefweb.int/files/ resources/ 2B_Occupation_and_Industry_EN.pdf
17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd uav;oli,frsm;tay: tusdK;oufa&mufaom t"dutEÅ&m,f 8 rsdK;qdkif&m
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ESifh jrpf0uRef;ay:a'o? ajrmufydkif;a'owavQmufESifh tv,fydkif;a'otjzpfvnf;aumif;? tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh
xdcdkufcHpm;&vG,frI toifhtwifhjzpfaomae&mrsm;udk jynfe,fESifhwdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;\ taemufydkif;a'o
wavQmuftjzpfvnf;aumif;? tEÅ&m,frsm;udk xdcdkufcHpm;&vG,frItrsm;qHk;jzpfonfh ae&mrsm;udk awmifydkif;
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tEÅ&m,ftrsm;qHk;NrdKUe,frsm;rSm {&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;&Sd armfvNrdKifuRef;ESifh&cdkifjynfe,f&Sd
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7.0 [k owfrSwfazmfjyxm;ygonf/
22
23
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24
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25
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Edkifaom vrf;rsm;ESifh ausmif;wpfausmif;&Sd uav;ta&twGufwdkY jzpfygonf/
aemifvmrnfh CCRA wGif ta&;ay:u,fq,fa&;Xmeae&mrsm;ESifh ta&;ay:apmifha&SmufrI
wdkYtwGuf usef;rma&;qdkif&myHhydk;rIrsm;? ta&;ay:oifwef;rsm;ESihftwl usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufaom
tcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifapjcif;jzifh qef;ppfcsuftm; ydkrdktm;aumif;apEdkifygonf/
tdrfwpftdrf\ rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;onf ta&;ay:owif;tcsuftvufrsm;&&Sd&ef yhHydk;ay;Edkif
ygonf/ qufoG,frIrsm; ydkrdk&&Sdjcif;onf apmvsifpGmowday;rIpepfrsm; odkYr[kwf tvm;wlta&;ay:owif;
rsm;udk ydkrdkvG,fulvsifjrefpGm &&Sdapygonf/ tdrfwpftdrf\ rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;udk CSO 2014 oef;acgifpm&if;t&
od&SdEdkifaomfvnf; rdkbdkif;vfzkef; oGif;,lrIrsm;vmojzifh xdkta&twGufrsm;rSm rwlEdkifawmhay/
oef;acgifpm&if;wGifyg0ifaom vQyfppftoHk;jyKaomtdrfrsm;onf vQyfppftoHk;jyKrIjrifhrm;vm
ojzifhh NrdKUe,frsm;wGif obm0ab;qdkif&mqufoG,frI ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmatmif yHhydk;ay;onf/
ta&;ay:wHkYjyefrIqdkif&m odkavSmif½Hkrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYwnf&SdaomNrdKUe,frsm;ESifh teD;w0dkuf&Sd
NrdKUe,frsm; ESpfrsdK;vHk;wGif &du©mypöönf; jzefYa0rIrsm;twGuf t"duyhHydk;ay;onf/ ab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIXme
(DDM)? urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mtpDtpOf (WFP)? ukvor*¾'ku©©onfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;BuD;½kH; (UNHCR)tzGJU?
jrefrmEdkifiHMuufajceDtzGJU? (MRCS) ukvor*¾uav;rsm;&HyHkaiGtzJGY (UNICEF) wdkYrSpDpOfay;xm;aom odkavSmif½Hkrsm;
wnf&Sdaom NrdKUe,frsm;udk pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhrm;onf[k vnf;aumif;? tdrfeD;csif;NrdKUe,fwGif odkavSmif½Hk&Sdygu
pGrf;aqmif&nfavsmhenf;onf[k vnf;aumif;? teD;tem;wGif odkavSmif½Hkr&Sdygu pGrf;aqmif &nf r&Sd[k vnf;
aumif; owfrSwfygonf/
vlrIa&;aqmif&Gufolrsm;onf &yf&Gmrsm;udk ab;tEÅ&m,fESifhywfoufNyD; BudKwifjyifqif&efESifh
ab;tEÅ&m,frSjyefvnfxlaxmifEdkif&ef ulnDay;ygonf/ &yf&Gmtrsm;tjym;wGif vlrI0efxrf;OD;pD;Xme (DSW)?
,leDquf odkYr[kwfrdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS avhusifhoifMum;ay;xm;aom vlrIa&;aqmif&Gufolrsm;udk xm;&Sd
ay;xm;NyD; NrdKUe,fwpfckwGif vlrIa&;aqmif&GufolwpfOD; &Sdygu r&Sdjcif;xuf ydkrdkNyD;pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhrm;onf
[k ,lqygonf/
vrf;rsm;aqmufvkyfxm;jcif; (vrf;odyfonf;q)onf ta&;ay:tajctaewGif tpm;tpm
ydkYaqmifEdkif&efESifh ab;uif;&ma&TUajymif;Edkif&eftp&Sdonfh u,fq,fa&;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;twGuf yHhydk;ay;ygonf/
NrdKUe,fwpfcktwGif;&Sd t"duESifh qifhyGm;vrf;rsm;\ pkpkaygif;t&Snfudk NrdKUe,fwpfck\ pkpkaygif;{&d,mjzifh wGufcsuf
xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ vrf;rsm;aqmufvkyfxm;jcif;jrifhrm;rIonf owfrSwfae&modkYoGm;vmEdkifaomvrf;aMumif;
28
rsm; ydkrdkrsm;jym;apNyD; pGrf;aqmif&nfqdkif&m&rSwf ydkrdk&&SdEdkifygonf/
ausmif;rsm;onf wpfcgwpf&HwGif a'ocHrsm; pka0;&mae&mESifhqkH&yftjzpf tokH;jyKMuNyD;
NrdKUe,ftrsm;tjym;wGif u,fq,fa&;pcef;tjzpf tokH;jyKMuonf/ ausmif;rsm;jym;pGm&Sdaomae&mrsm;? zGHUNzdK;
wdk;wufaom tajccHtaqmufttkH;rsm;jym;pGm&Sdaomae&mrsm;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh
&ifqdkif&eftwGuf pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhrm;ygonf/ xdktcsufwGifausmif;rsm;udk tvm;tvm&Sdaom ta&;ay:
tajccHtaqmufttkHqdkif&m pGrf;aqmif&nftjzpf wnf&Sdapygonf/ odkY&mwGifausmif;rsm;udk wcgw&HwGif
a'ocHrsm;pka0;&mae&mESifh qkH&yftjzpftokH;jyKMuNyD; NrdKUe,ftrsm;tjym;wGif u,fq,fa&;pcef;tjzpf tokH;
jyKMuaomfvnf; UNIEF taejzifh xdkodkYjyKvkyfjcif;onf uav;rsm;\ynma&; jyefvnfoifMum;Edkifa&; aESmifhaES;
apaomaMumifh tm;ray;ay/ þqef;ppfcsufwGif ausmif;wpfausmif;&Sd uav;ta&twGuftvdkufESifh ynma&;
qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIESifhywfoufaom owif;tcsuftvuf pepfygtwdkif; wdkif;wmxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ ,ck
tcsuftvufrSom ausmif;&SdaomNrdKUe,frsm;onf jrifhrm;aompGrf;aqmif&nf&rSwfjzifh trSwfay;jcif;cH&ygonf/
pGrf;aqmif&nfjyajryH kpGrf;aqmif&nfjyajryH kpGrf;aqmif&nfjyajryH kpGrf;aqmif&nfjyajryH kpGrf;aqmif&nfjyajryH k
pGrf;aqmif&nfonf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ay:wGifrlwnfNyD; uGJjym;EdkifaomaMumifh wdkif;wm&ef
tcufcJqHk; tpdwftydkif;wpfck jzpfygonf/ vlOD;a&ysHUESHYrIaMumifh &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIESifhvsmxm;rIrsm;onf vlOD;a&
rsm;aomae&mrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;Edkifonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf vlOD;a&rsm;pGm&Sdaomae&mrsm;onf oufa&mufrI
rsm;pGmudk jzpfay:apEdkifonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwpf0ef;wGif pGrf;aqmif&nfonf us,fjyefYpGmajymif;vJygonf/ NrdKUjyae&m
rsm;jym;aomNrdKUe,frsm;onf aus;vufae&mrsm;xuf pGrf;aqmif&nfydkrdkjrifhrm;ygonf/ pGrf;aqmif &nfjyajryHk
(yHk 5) wGif pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhrm;aomae&mrsm;onf jynfwGif;&Sd NrdKUawmfrsm;ESifh t"duNrdKUrsm;ESifh oufqdkifygonf
(aemufqufwGJ 5)/ xdkyHkpHonfavhusifhxm;aom vlrIa&;aqmif&Gufolrsm;? ta&;ay: wHkYjyefrIqdkif&m
odkavSmif½Hkrsm;? vrf;odyfonf;rIrsm;uJhodkYaom pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udkod&Sdatmif jznfhpGufjyKvkyfxm;ygonf/
tdrfwpftdrf&Sd rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;? ausmif;wpfausmif;&Sd uav;rsm;? vQyfppftoHk;jyKaom tdrfrsm;&mcdkifEIef;wdkYonf
uGJjym;pGmtjcm;pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk azmfjyvsuf&Sdonf/
29
30
&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;
jrefrmEdkifiHonf qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;rsm;? rdk;onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;rI? a&BuD;jcif;? tylcsdefvGefuJ
jcif;ESifh rdk;acgifrIrsm;tp&Sdonfh &moDOwkqdkif&mab;tEÅ&m,f&efrsm;ESifhawGYBuHK&vsuf&SdNyD;? tEÅ&m,frsm;onf
vnf; jyif;xefrIESifh jzpfyGm;onfhBudrfEIef;rsm;rSmvnf; ydkrdkwdk;yGm;vsuf&Sdygonf/ ta&SUawmiftm&SwGifawGY&Sd&aom
&moDOwkajymif;vJrIrsm;wGif tylcsdefwdk;jrifhvmjcif;? rdk;&GmoGef;rIyrmPajymif;vJaejcif;? yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif
jrifhwufvmjcif;ESifh jyif;xefaomrdk;av0ojzpf&yfrsm; jzpfyGm;onfhBudrfEIef;ESifh yrmPwdk;yGm;vmjcif;wdkY yg0if
ygonf (Hijiokaet al. 2014)/
ydkYaqmifa&;ESifh qufoG,fa&;0efBuD;Xmevufatmuf&Sd rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'ñGefMum;rI
OD;pD;Xmeonf ZvaA'-rdk;av0oqdkif&mñTefjycsufrsm;udk tuJjzwfNyD;aemuf jrefrmEdkifiH\&moDOwkrSm ajymif;vJ
vsuf&SdaMumif; aumufcsufcscJhygonf/ NyD;cJhonfh q,fpkESpfajcmufcktwGif; awGY&Sd&onfh ajymif;vJrIyHkpHrsm;wGif
atmufygwdkYyg0ifygonf-
• ysrf;rQtylcsdefonf q,fpkESpfwpfckvsif 0.08 'D*&DpifwD*&dwfEIef;jzifh jrifhwufvmcJhonf/
• EdkifiHtwGif;e,fajrtrsm;pkwGif pkpkaygif;rdk;a&csdefwdk;vmcJhNyD; tcsdKUe,fajrrsm;wGifrl avsmhusoGm;cJhonf/
• taemufawmif rkwfoHk0ifa&mufrIaemufusNyD; apmvsifpGmukefqkH;oGm;onf/
• jyif;xefaom rdk;av0oqdkif&mjzpf&yfrsm; ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmcJhonf/
• yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif jrifhwufvmcJhonf/
&moDOwkajymif;vJrI yHkoP²mefrsm;rSm ydkrdkxif&Sm;vmcJhNyD; rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'OD;pD;XmerS
pkaqmif;&&Sdaom tcsuftvufrsm;t& rkwfoHk&moD wdkawmif;vmjcif;? tylcsdefESifhrdk;acgifa&&Sm;jzpfyGm;rIrsm;
wdk;yGm;vmrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfhtaxmuftxm;rsm;udk awGY&Sd&ygonf/ &moDOwktajymif;tvJudk xdcdkuf
qHk;½HI;EdkifrIqdkif&m pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;cJhjcif;r&Sdygu zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf
BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifrItm;vHk;udk aESmifhaES;xdcdkufapaomaMumifh ¤if;udkjrefrmEdkifiHwGifuav;A[dkjyK xdcdkufqHk;½IH;
Edkifajc\ tajccHusaomtcsufwpfcktjzpf xnhfoGif;owfrSwfxm;ygonf/
þtuJjzwfrItwGuf DMH rSyHhydk;ay;NyD; UNICEF rS toHk;jyKcJhaom &moDOwktajymif;tvJ
qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;rSm &mpkESpftvnfydkif;rSpNyD; jynfe,fwpfckpDtwGuf ysrf;rQtylcsdefESifhrdk;a&csdef
ajymif;vJrIwdkYjzpfNyD; &moDOwktajymif;tvJudk yÍörtBudrftuJjzwfrIqdkif&m tpdk;&XmecHktzGJU [ Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change 5th Assessment] ( IPCC, 2015) rS urÇmwpfvTm; &moDOwkpHEIef;jy pDrHudef;rsm;tay:
tajccHí udk,fpm;jyKvrf;aMumif;odyfonf;q (RCP) 8.5udk toHk;jyKxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ DMH rS tcsuftvuf
tjynfhtpHkudk aemufqufwGJ 2 wGif zwf½IEdkifygonf/
tylcsdefESifh rdk;a&csdefESpfrsdK;pvHk;twGuf RCP (4.5 & 8.5) pHyHkpHrsm;rSm jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &moDOwk
ydkif;qdkif&m taetxm;rsm;udk us,fjyefYpGm jzefYusufod&dSEdkifygonf/ tem*wf&moDOwktajctaetwGuf RCP
(4.5 & 8.5) tajcjyKcefYrSef;csufrsm;udk xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcqef;ppf&mwGif toHk;jyKoifhovdk &moDOwkajymif;vJrI
vdkufavsmnDaxGrIqdkif&m tpDtpOfcsrSwf&mwGifvnf; toHk;jyKoifhygonf/
31
yHk 6 - &mpkESpf tvnfrSpwifNyD; &moDOwkajymif;vJrIjy ajryHk
&mpkESpf tvnfydkif;rSpwifNyD; (b,f) cefYrSef;tylcsdefjrifhwufrIESifh (nm) rdk;a&csdefjrifhwufrI
32
uav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcuav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcuav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcuav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcuav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajc
yg0ifonfh u@ 5 rsKd;udk tav;ay; pOf;pm;NyD; atmufygykHaoenf;jzifh uav;A[dkjyK qHk;½IH;
Edkifajcudk wGufcsufoGm;rnf jzpfygonf-
uav;A[dkjyKxdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajc = (ab;tEÅ&m,f) + (xdcdkufcH&vG,frI)+(xdawGYEdkifajc)+(&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;)+
1http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology 2017
( )
pGrf;aqmif&nf
1
33
uav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcjy ajryH kuav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcjy ajryH kuav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcjy ajryH kuav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcjy ajryH kuav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcjy ajryH k
yHk 7 - uav;oli,fA[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajc avhvmqef;ppfcsufjyajryHk
34
uav;A[dkjyK xdcdkufqHk;½HI;EdkifajcwGif
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jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;&Sd xdcdkufqkH;½HI;EdkifrIrsm;udk qef;ppfawGY
&SdEdkifygonf/ jynfe,ftqifhwGif &cdkifjynfe,fonf
uav;A[dkjyKqHk;½HI;EdkifrIrsm; pkpnf;rItjrifhqHk; jzpfae
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wdkif;? &efukefwdkif;? csif;jynfe,fESifh ucsifjynfe,fwYdk
wGifvnf; xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc&SdaMumif; awGY&Sd&ygonf
(Z,m; 2)/ NrdKUe,ftqifhwGifrl &cdkifjynfe,fwGif
xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajctjrifhrm;qHk; NrdKUe,fq,fckrS ig;ck
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ajconf rwlnDonfh a'otaMumif;t&mrsm;tay:
rlwnfí ajymif;vJrIrsm;&Sdonf/ þqef;ppfcsufwGif
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wpf0dkufwGifrl xdcdkufqHk;½HI;EdkifrItv,fvwfom&Sdonfh
NrdKUe,frsm;udk awGY&ygonf/
tqifh jynfe,f wdkif; CCRA &rSwf
1 &cdkif 12.99
2 &Srf; (ajrmuf) 12.18
3 {&m0wD 11.59
4 &efukef 11.21
5 csif; 11.12
6 ucsif 10.74
7 yJcl;ta&SU 10.61
8 rauG; 10.30
9 u&if 10.13
10 yJcl;taemuf 9.78
11 ppfudkif; 9.66
12 &Srf; (ta&SU) 9.62
13 &Srf; (awmif) 9.53
14 rEÅav; 8.94
15 weoFm& 8.59
16 u,m; 7.30
17 rGef 6.87
Z,m; 1 - jynfe,f^wdkif; twGuf pkaygif;ysrf;rQ
CCRA wefzdk;rsm;
þNrdKUe,ftqifhqef;ppfcsuftm; xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc jrifhrm;aomae&mrsm;ESifh enf;yg;aom
ae&mrsm;udk owfrSwf&mwGifvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ uav;A[dkjyK xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajcjy ajryHkudkMunfh½I&mwGif
tndK&ifha&mifNrdKUe,frsm;onf pkaygif;xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajc(tEÅ&m,f × &moDOwktajymif;tvJ × xdawGYrI × xd
cdkufcH&vG,frI pGrf;aqmif&nf) tjrifhqHk;jzpfaome,fajrrsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKvsuf&Sdygonf/ ta&mifwlnDonfh
NrdKUe,fESpfckwGif wpfckrSm &moDOwktajymif;tvJaMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;EdkifrIjrifhrm;NyD; tjcm;wpfNrdKUrSm xdcdkufcH&
vG,frI jrifhrm;aejcif;jzpfEdkifygonf/ þqef;ppfcsuftm; xdcdkufqHk;½IH;EdkifrIrsm;ESifh ¤if;\oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;
azmfjyEdkif&ef &nf&G,fa&;qJGxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ t0ga&mifEkav xdkNrdKUe,ftwGuf pkaygif;xdcdkufqHk;½IH;ajcenf;
35
yg;av jzpfygonf/ xdke,fajrrsm;wGif qHk;½HI;Edkifajcenf;yg;onf[k rSwf,lEdkifaomfvnf; xdkNrdKUe,frsm;twGif;
xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajc tvGefjrifhrm;rIESifh &ifqdkifae&onfh uav;rsm;vnf; &SdaeEdkifygonf/ xdkYjyif ,cifazmfjycJh
ovdkyif ab;tEÅ&m,fwpfckwnf;aMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½HI;EdkifrItvGefjrifhrm;pGm &ifqdkifae&onfhe,fajrwdkYonf
ab;tEÅ&m,ftrsm;tjym;rS xdcdkufqHk;½HI;EdkifrI tv,fvwfjzifh &ifqdkifae&onfhe,fajrrsm;xuf xdcdkuf
qHk;½HI;Edkifajctqifh avsmhenf;rnfjzpfonf/
Z,m; 2 - CCRA t& xdcdkufqHk;&HI;Edkifajc tjrifhrm;qHk;NrdKUe,f 20 pm&if;
Z,m; 2 - CCRA t& xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajc tjrifhrm;qHk;NrdKUe,f 20 pm&if;
36
uav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcavhvmqef;ppfcsuftm;toHk;jyKjcif;uav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcavhvmqef;ppfcsuftm;toHk;jyKjcif;uav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcavhvmqef;ppfcsuftm;toHk;jyKjcif;uav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcavhvmqef;ppfcsuftm;toHk;jyKjcif;uav;A[dkjyK ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcavhvmqef;ppfcsuftm;toHk;jyKjcif;
CCRArS wpfqifhuav;rsm;? rdom;pkrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\&yf&Gmrsm;tMum; cHEdkif&nfpGrf;jr§ifhwif&ef
twGuf tpdk;&0efBuD;Xmersm;ESifh jynfwGif;jynfy tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcudkod&SdNyD;
&moDOwk tajymif;tvJESifh nDñGwfonfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef ulnDyHhydk;ay;ygonf/
NrdKUe,ftvdkuf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqkH;½I H;Ed kifajcqdkif&m rSwfwrf;jyKpkjcif;NrdKUe,ftvdkuf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqkH;½I H;Ed kifajcqdkif&m rSwfwrf;jyKpkjcif;NrdKUe,ftvdkuf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqkH;½I H;Ed kifajcqdkif&m rSwfwrf;jyKpkjcif;NrdKUe,ftvdkuf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqkH;½I H;Ed kifajcqdkif&m rSwfwrf;jyKpkjcif;NrdKUe,ftvdkuf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqkH;½I H;Ed kifajcqdkif&m rSwfwrf;jyKpkjcif;
CCRA ajryHkonf EdkifiHwpfvTm;&Sd uav;A[dkjyK xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcrsm;udk NcHKiHkoHk;oyfjyxm;NyD;
xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcjrifhrm;aom NrdKUe,frsm;ESifh enf;yg;aomNrdKUe,frsm;udk vG,fulpGmod&SdEdkifatmif a&;qJGxm;
ygonf/ tEÅ&m,f xdawGYEdkifajc? xdcdkufcH&vG,frI? pGrf;aqmif&nfjyajryHkrsm;udktoHk;jyKjcif;jzifh NrdKUe,fwpfcktwGif;
xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcqdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;udk od&Sdem;vnf oabmaygufapygonf/
xdkYjyif CCRA rSazmfjyxm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;? &v'frsm;rStjcm;jzpfay:vmaponfh t&if;cH
taMumif;&if;rsm; (Oyrm - y#dyu©jzpfyGm;rIaMumifh ab;tEÅ&m,f&ef&v'fjrifhrm;oGm;jcif;)udkvnf; em;vnf
oabmaygufapygonf/ toHk;jyKolrsm;onf rnfonfhNrdKUe,ftwGufrqdk xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajc&v'ftjyif xdk&v'f
jzpfaponfh taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifhBuKHawGY&Edkifonfh tcuftcJrsm;udk ydkrdk&Sif;vif;pGmem;vnfvmEdkifygonf/
CCRA ukd &nf&G,fcsuftay:rlwnfNyD; yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;jzifh toHk;jyKedkifygonf/ Oyrm BudKwifjyifqif
a&;ESifh wkefYjyefa&;xuf umuG,fa&;ESifhxdcdkufysufpD;rIavQmhcsa&;wdkYudk tm½Hkpdkufvkyfaqmifaeonfqdkygu
ab;tEÅ&m,ftvdkuf vdktyfonfrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Gufay;Edkifrnf jzpfygonf/
uav;A[dkjyK ab;'PfcHEd kifpGrf;&S d jcif;tay: n§dEI dif;yH hyd k;ay;rIrsm;uav;A[dkjyK ab;'PfcHEd kifpGrf;&S d jcif;tay: n§dEI dif;yH hyd k;ay;rIrsm;uav;A[dkjyK ab;'PfcHEd kifpGrf;&S d jcif;tay: n§dEI dif;yH hyd k;ay;rIrsm;uav;A[dkjyK ab;'PfcHEd kifpGrf;&S d jcif;tay: n§dEI dif;yH hyd k;ay;rIrsm;uav;A[dkjyK ab;'PfcHEd kifpGrf;&S d jcif;tay: n§dEI dif;yH hyd k;ay;rIrsm;
uav;rsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJrIESifh tjcm;aom&ifqdkifEdkifpGrf;jr§ifhwifa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif
wuf<upGm yg0ifEdkifpGrf;&Sdolrsm; jzpfygonf/ uav;rsm;onf ½kyfydkif;qdkif&musef;rma&;ESifh pdwfusef;rma&;qdkif&m
oufa&mufrIrsm;tygt0if ab;tEÅ&m,f\qdk;usdK;rsm;udk xdcdkufcH&vG,frItjrifhqHk;tkyfpkwpfpkvnf; jzpfygonf/
UNICEFonf rnfol wpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrS xdcdkufapjcif;r&Sdaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh uav;
A[dkjyK &ifqdkifEdkifpGrf;jr§ifhwifonfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;ygonf/
jynfe,fESifhwdkif;tm;vHk;twGif; uav;rsm;taejzifh xdcdkufqHk;½IH;Edkifajc tv,ftvwf odkYr[kwf
tjrifhydkif;ESifh BuHKawGYae&onfh ae&mrsm;&SdMuonf[k CCRA rSqef;ppfazmfjyxm;ygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHonf
jynfe,f^wdkif;zGHUNzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;? u@tvdkuf r[mAsL[mrsm;ESifhrl0g'rsm;? EdkifiHwumrS&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI
odomxif&Sm;pGm wdk;wufa&;wdkYtp&Sdaom zGHUNzdK;rIvrf;aMumif;ay:avQmufvSrf;vsuf&Sd&mwGif CCRA onf
&yf&GmESifh EdkifiHawmf\ cHEdkif&nfpGrf; wdk;jr§ifhay;aomvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk a&;qGJEdkif&eftwGuf toHk;jyKEdkifrnfh
enf;pepfwpfcktjzpf yHhydk;ay;Edkifygonf/ uav;wpfa,muf\ udk,fpdwfusef;rmrIonf rdom;pkudk,fpdwfusef;rm
a&;\ jy,k*fwpfckjzpfNyD; xdkrdom;pkusef;rmrIonf &yf&Gmpnfyifom,mrIudk xyfrHaxmufyHhay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
CCRA onf uav;oli,frsm;BuHKawGY&Edkifaom pdefac:rIrsm;udk&SmazGowfrSwf&ef? ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf r[mAsL[m
t& yHhydk;ay;oGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ xdkYjyif CCRA udk tpDtpOfa&;qGJ&mwGif vrf;ñTeftjzpftoHk;jyKjcif;jzifh
uav;rsm;udk EdkifiHvkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif xnfhoGif;ay;Edkifovdk xda&mufonfh DRR ? &moDOwktajymif;tvJ'Pf
avsmhenf;apjcif;ESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfapjcif;? ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;Edkif&efvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? uav;
trsdK;rsdK; twlwuG oifMum;Edkifrnfhynma&;? vdkufavsmnDaxG&Sdonfh usef;rma&;? tm[m&ESifh? a&ESifh
ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;qdkif&m 0efaqmifrIrsm;jzifhaxmufyHhay;jcif;? vdkufavsmnDaxG&Sdonfh uav;oli,f
37
umuG,fa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk EdkifiHtESHY jzefYusufvkyfaqmifrIESifh yl;wGJyg0ifonfh vlrIumuG,fa&;tpDtpOfrsm;
udkvnf; aqmif&GufEdkifrnfjkzpfygonf/
NrdKUe,fwpfckpDtwGuf uav;rsm;tay: xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcudk udef;*Pef;jzifhtqifhcGJazmfjyay;
jcif;jzifh OD;pm;ay;&rnfhe,fy,frsm;udkod&SdEdkifNyD; t&if;tjrpfrsm;cGJa0ay;&eftwGuf cdkifrmonfhtajccHtaMumif;
&if;udkvnf; yHhydk;ay;Edkifrnfjzpfygonf/ CCRAonf xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajc&Sdonfhe,fy,frsm;udk &SmazGowfrSwf
ay;onfhtjyif qHk;½HI;EdkifajcyrmPudk udef;*Pef;ta&twGufrsm;jzifh azmfjyxm;aomaMumifh EIdif;,SOf qef;ppf
&mwGif tqifajyacsmarGYapNyD; rdwfzuftzJGYtpnf;rsm;twGuf t&if;tjrpfwpfcktaejzifhvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifrnf
jzpfygonf/ ukvor*¾\jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf r[mAsL[majrmufrlabmifwGif ]]obm0 ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh
&moDOwktajymif;tvJaMumifh xdcdkufcH&vG,frIudkavQmhcs&ef}}[laomtcsufudk ¤if;\ r[mAsL[majrmuf
OD;pm;ay; vkyfief;pOfav;ckteufrS wpfcktjzpf xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;NyD; EdkifiHrl0g'rsm;ESifh qDavsmfonfh jynfolY
vkyfief;u@rsm;udktm½Hkpdkufum &yf&Gm\ckcHEdkifpGrf;tm;udkjr§ifhwifjcif;ESifh owif;tcsuf tvuf yHhydk;&,lrI
pepfrsm;udk tqifhjr§ifhwifjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifvsuf &Sdygonf/
CCRA \&SmazGawGY&Sdcsufrsm;onf UNICEF \ OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;pOfudkyHhydk;ay;EdkifNyD; aemufxyf
jrefrm UNDAF (United Nations Development Assistant Framework) wGif ckcHEdkifpGrf;tm;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;ESifh xdcdkuf
qHk;½HI;Edkifajcudk xnfhoGif;tpDtpOfa&;qGJrIrsm;udk qufvufvkyfaqmif&efvdktyfonf[k tav;ay;azmfjyxm;
vsuf&Sdonf/ xdkYjyif CCRA onf zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif DRR udk xnfhoGif;aqmif&GufNyD; xdk DRR udk
tpdk;&Xmersm;rS EdkifiHawmftqifh? wdkif;a'oBuD;jynfe,ftqifhrsm;ü OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;tjzpf qufvufowfrSwf
&ef azmfjyxm;ygonf/ þqef;ppfcsufudk zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfaqmifol rdwfzuftzJGUtpnf;rsm;xHodkY rQa0ay;jcif;
jzifh jrefrmEdkifiH\ ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;tpDtpOfudk od&SdapEdkifonfhtjyif jrefrmEdkifiH\xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajc
jrifhrm;onfh a'orsm;wGif ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifa&; t&if;tjrpfrsm; ydkrdkrQa0ay;Edkif&ef
yHhydk;ay;Edkifygonf/
bufpH ku@pHkyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;bufpH ku@pHkyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;bufpH ku@pHkyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;bufpH ku@pHkyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;bufpH ku@pHkyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;
ab;tEÅ&m,fwdkY\ ½Iaxmifhrsm;jym;onfhoabmobm0t& ckcHEdkifpGrf;udkjr§ifhwif&ef BudK;yrf;
tm;xkwfrIrsm;onf u@trsdK;rsdK;rS csOf;uyfrIrsm;udk vkdtyfrnfjzpfonf/ UNICEF \ EdIif;,SOftm;omcsufrSm
ynma&;? usef;rma&;? tm[m&? uav;oli,fumuG,fa&;? vlrIumuG,fa&;ESifh a&ESifh oefY&Sif;a&;tp&Sdonfh
vlrIu@trsdK;rsdK;udk jzefYusufa&muf&SdEdkifpGrf;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;onf DRR/CCA? vlrIu,fq,fa&;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;
wGif uav;rsm;udk r@dKifxm;ulnDay;jcif;18? zGHYNzdK;a&;twGufqufoG,frIrsm;yHhydk;ay;jcif;? rl0g'ESifhqufoG,fa&;?
jynfolYb@maiGpDrHcefYcGJrIESifh trsdK;om;tqifhESifh ¤if;atmuftqifhrsm;wGif tpdk;&rSyg0ifvkyfaqmifrIwdkY yg0if
onfh u@trsdK;rsdK;tMum;pDrHcefYcGJrI tusdK;oufa&mufrI&Sdaprnfh OD;wnfcsufrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Gufvsuf
&Sdygonf/ UNICEF onf uav;rsm;twGuf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom&v'frsm;&&Sdap&eftpdk;&Xmersm;? rdwfzuf
tzJGUtpnf;rsm;ESifhtwl vufwJGaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&onfvnf; ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;Oya' (2013)? ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJ
a&;qdkif&m pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm; (2015) ESifh jrefrmEdkifiHobm0ab;avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;pDrHcsuf (2017) wdkYudk
0efBuD;Xmersm;ESifh u@trsm;tMum; ydkrdkaumif;rGefonfh csdwfqufaqmif&GufrIudk jy|mef;xm;ygonf/
17 “Do No Harm” oabmw&m;rsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu qufvufMunfh½IEdkifonf
18 https://www.,,leDquf.org/publications/files/CCC_042010.pdf
38
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcrsm;xnfhoGif;xm;aomEd kifiHawmftqifh tpDab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcrsm;xnfhoGif;xm;aomEd kifiHawmftqifh tpDab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcrsm;xnfhoGif;xm;aomEd kifiHawmftqifh tpDab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcrsm;xnfhoGif;xm;aomEd kifiHawmftqifh tpDab;tEÅ&m,faMumif h xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcrsm;xnfhoGif;xm;aomEd kifiHawmftqifh tpD
tpOf a&;qGJjcif;tpOf a&;qGJjcif;tpOf a&;qGJjcif;tpOf a&;qGJjcif;tpOf a&;qGJjcif;
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wGif xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcrsm; xnfhoGifpOf;pm;&ef tNrJvdktyfygonf/
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xdcdkufEdkifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk od&Sdapjcif;jzifh tpDtpOfa&;qGJ&mwGif yHhydk;ay;onf/
'kwd,tBudrfa&;qJGxm;onfh jrefrmEdkifiHobm0ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcs
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pepfwpfck jzpfay:apa&; yHhydk;Edkifrnf jzpfygonf/
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aomoufa&mufrIrsm;? vlrI EdkifiHa&; y#dyu©? pD;yGm;a&;xdcdkufrIrsm;ESifh usef;rma&;ESifhqufEG,faeonfh tMuyf
twnf;rsm;tygt0if &ifqdkifwHkYjyefEdkifpGrf;jr§ifhwifa&;rsm;wGif ta&;BuD;u@taejzpf xnhfoGif;oifhaMumif;
wifjyxm;ygonf/
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csufa&;qGJ&mwGif ½kwfw&uf wkHYjyefEdkifjcif;omru xdcdkufcH&vG,frIudk ydkrdkA[dkjyKvkyfaqmif&ef yHhydk;ay;Edkifrnfjzpf
NyD; zGHYNzdK;a&;qdkif&m pDrHcsufa&;qGJrIrsm;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½HI;EdkifajcESifh &moDOwktajymif;tvJ
'PfwdkYudk avsmhyg;ap&efESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfap&ef yHhydk;Edkifrnf jzpfygonf/
39
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40
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ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcavsmhyg;a&;qdkif&mab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcavsmhyg;a&;qdkif&mab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcavsmhyg;a&;qdkif&mab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcavsmhyg;a&;qdkif&mab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajcavsmhyg;a&;qdkif&m Sendai tajccHrlabmif tajccHrlabmif tajccHrlabmif tajccHrlabmif tajccHrlabmif
2015 ckESpf? rwfv DRR twGuf Sendai tajccHrlabmif2015-2030 onf OD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmif
csufqdkif&m Hyogo tajccHrlabmif (HFA) 2005-2015ae&mwGif tpm;0ifvmcJhygonf/ Hyogo oabmwlnD
csufonf urÇmBuD;udk ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;rS ydkrdkvHkNcHKap&eftwGufa&;qGJcJhonf yxr 10 ESpfpDrHcsuf jzpfygonf/
¤if;udk 2005 ckESpf urÇmhab;tEÅ&m,f avsmhyg;a&;awGYqHkaqG;aEG;yGJtNyD;wGif ukvor*¾taxGaxGnDvmcHrS
qHk;jzwfcsuf A/RES/60/195 jzifh axmufcHay;cJhNyD;aemufwGif jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&tygt0if tpdk;&trsm;tjym;rS
vdkufemusifhoHk;cJhMuygonf/ 2015 ckESpf rwfvwGifpwifouf0ifcJhonfh DRR qdkif&m SendaitajccHrlabmifonf
tqdkygtm;xkwfrIrsm;rStqufjzpfNyD; tem*wfwGifBuHKawGY&rnfh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh aoaMuysufpD;rIEIef;
ESifh xdcwfrIrsm;udkavsmhcs&eftwGuf oD;oefY ypfrSwfxm; vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ HFA udk http://
www. unisdr.org/we/inform/ publications/1037 wGifMunfh½IEdkifNyD; Sendai oabmwlnDcsufudk http://www.
preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf wGif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
jjjjjrefrmEd kifiH obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufrefrmEd kifiH obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufrefrmEd kifiH obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufrefrmEd kifiH obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufrefrmEd kifiH obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsuf
(MAPDRR)
jrefrmEdkifiHobm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufudkjrefrmEdkifiHobm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufudkjrefrmEdkifiHobm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufudkjrefrmEdkifiHobm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufudkjrefrmEdkifiHobm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufudk
]]jrefrmEdkifiHudk obm0ab;&efrsm;rS ydkrdkvHkNcHKapjcif;ESifh ckcHEdkifpGrf;jrifhrm;apjcif;wdkYjzifh touf
tdk;tdrfrsm;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;qdkif&m tusdK;&v'frsm;udk umuG,fay;&ef}} [laom OD;wnfcsufjzifh 2009 ckESpfwGif
pwif xkwfa0cJhygonf/ jrefrmtpdk;&onf 2012 ckESpfxkwf topfwnf;jzwfxm;onfh pDrHvkyfaqmifcsufudk
tjynfht0 axmufcHay;cJhonfhtwGuf DRR vkyfief;twGuf wGef;tm;ydkrdkay;cJhNyD; a&SUvmrnfh 2017 ckESpf
topfjyifqifrItwGufvnf; vrf;cif;ay;cJhonf/ MAPDRR udk ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;ESifh ta&;ay:wkefYjyef
csufqdkif&m ASEAN oabmwlnDcsufESifh vkyfaqmifcsufqdkif&m Hyogo tajccHrlabmifwdkYESifh csdefnd§xm;ygonf/
¤if;pDrHvkyfaqmifcsufudk http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-action-plan-disaster-risk-reduction-mapdrr
wGif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcef YcG Ja&;ESif h ta&;ay:wkef Y jyefcsufqd kif&m ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcef YcG Ja&;ESif h ta&;ay:wkef Y jyefcsufqd kif&m ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcef YcG Ja&;ESif h ta&;ay:wkef Y jyefcsufqd kif&m ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcef YcG Ja&;ESif h ta&;ay:wkef Y jyefcsufqd kif&m ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcef YcG Ja&;ESif h ta&;ay:wkef Y jyefcsufqd kif&m ASEAN oabmwlnDcsufoabmwlnDcsufoabmwlnDcsufoabmwlnDcsufoabmwlnDcsuf
(AADMER)
ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;ESifh ta&;ay:wkefYjyefcsufqdkif&m ASEAN oabmwlnDcsufudk tzGJU
0if EdkifiH (10) EdkifiHpvHk;rS oabmwl vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhNyD; 24 &uf? 'DZifbm? 2009 wGif w&m;0if tusdK;ouf
a&mufcJhygonf/ AADMER onf ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJrI\ u@tm;vHk;twGuf yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifa&;? nd§EdIif;
aqmif&Gufa&;? enf;ynmtaxmuftyHhESifh t&if;tjrpfa&TUajymif;yHhydk;a&;wdkYtwGuf BudKwifvkyfaqmifoGm;rnfh
a'owGif; tajccHrlabmifwpfck jzpfygonf/ ¤if;onf vkyfaqmifcsufqdkif&m Hyogo tajccHrlabmif (HFA)
twGuf ASEAN rS tm;pdkufvkyfaqmifrIudkvnf; jyoay;oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;onfurÇmhyxrqHk; HFA qdkif&m
w&m;0if oabmwlnDcsufyif jzpfygonf/ xdkoabmwlnDcsufudk http://www.asean.org/resources/publica-tions/asean-publications/item/asean-agreement-on-disaster- management-and-emergency-responce-work-
programme-for-2010-2015 wGif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
41
Myanmar National Adapatation Programs of Action To Climate Change (NAPA)
Myanmar National Adapatation Programs of Action To Climate Change (NAPA) udk &moDOwk
tajymif;tvJqdkif&m ukvor*¾tajccHrlabmifpnf;a0;yGJ? zGHYNzdK;rItenf;yg;qHk;EdkifiHrsm;qdkif&muRrf;usiftzGJYwdkYrS
owfrSwfxm;aom vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ESifhtnD 2012 ckESpfwGif twnfjyKowfrSwfay;cJhNyD; &moDOwktajymif;
tvJESifhywfowfNyD; jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh vdkufavsmnDaxGajymif;vJ&efvdktyfaeonfh OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;pOf 32
&yfudk owfrSwfazmfjyay;xm;onf/ NAPA udk http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/mmr01.pdf wGif Munfh½I
Edkifygonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajc avsmhyg;a&;ESih f ywfowfonfh tac:ta0:rsm;ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajc avsmhyg;a&;ESih f ywfowfonfh tac:ta0:rsm;ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajc avsmhyg;a&;ESih f ywfowfonfh tac:ta0:rsm;ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajc avsmhyg;a&;ESih f ywfowfonfh tac:ta0:rsm;ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajc avsmhyg;a&;ESih f ywfowfonfh tac:ta0:rsm;
þtpD&ifcHpmwGif yg&Sdonfh DRR a0g[m&rsm;\tac:ta0:rsm;ESifh t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm;udk
UNISDR \ ]]ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcavsmhyg;a&;qdkif&m tajccHa0g[m&rsm;}} rS aumufEIwf
xm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? tajccHa0g[m&pm&if;udk http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology wGif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
Risk Management Platforms and Indexes
xdcd kufqHk;½H I;Ed kifajc pDrHcef YcG JrIqd kif&mxdcd kufqH k;½H I;Ed kifajc pDrHcef YcG JrIqd kif&mxdcd kufqH k;½H I;Ed kifajc pDrHcef YcG JrIqd kif&mxdcd kufqH k;½H I;Ed kifajc pDrHcef YcG JrIqd kif&mxdcd kufqH k;½H I;Ed kifajc pDrHcef YcG JrIqd kif&m
INFORM INFORM xdcdkufqHk;½IH;EdkifajctñTef;udef;onf EdkifiH 191 EdkifiHtwGuf xdcdkufEdkifajctqifh
owfrSwfcsuftjyif EdkifiH\ xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcqdkif&m aumufaMumif;rsm;udk yHhydk;ay;vsuf&Sdonfh urÇmoHk;?
open-source xdcdkufEdkifajctuJjzwfrIwpfck jzpfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ xdcdkufqHk;½HI;Edkifajcqdkif&m aumufaMumif;yHkudk
http://www.inform- inde_.org/Results/Country-profiles?iso3=MMR wGif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;cJ honfh qef;ppfavhvmcsufrsm;þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;cJ honfh qef;ppfavhvmcsufrsm;þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;cJ honfh qef;ppfavhvmcsufrsm;þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;cJ honfh qef;ppfavhvmcsufrsm;þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;cJ honfh qef;ppfavhvmcsufrsm;
2014 ckESpf 2014 ckESpf 2014 ckESpf 2014 ckESpf 2014 ckESpf CSO vlOD;a&ESif h tdrfaxmifpkoef;acgifpm&if; vlOD;a&ESif h tdrfaxmifpkoef;acgifpm&if; vlOD;a&ESif h tdrfaxmifpkoef;acgifpm&if; vlOD;a&ESif h tdrfaxmifpkoef;acgifpm&if; vlOD;a&ESif h tdrfaxmifpkoef;acgifpm&if;
jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&rSpDpOfay;NyD; A[dkpm&if;Z,m;Xme (CSO) rS aumuf,lay;cJhonfh 2014 ckESpf
jrefrmhvlOD;a&ESifh tdrfaxmifpkqdkif&moef;acgifpm&if; tpDt&ifcHpm twGJ 2-c jzpfonfh jynfaxmifpktpD&ifcHpm
- tvkyftudkifESifh vkyfief;wGif EdkifiHwpfckvHk;twGufNrdKUe,ftqifh tao;pdwfa'wmwdkYyg0ifygonf/ 2016
ckESpfwGif xkwfjyefay;cJhNyD; tqkdyga'wmrsm;\ tpdwftydkif;trsm;tjym;udk ,leDqufESifh jrefrmhowif;tcsuf
tvufpDrHcefYcGJa&;,lepf (MIMU) rS http://www.themimu.info/census-data jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;ESifh pkpnf;
EdIif;,SOfjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifay;cJhygonf/
vlOD;a&pm&if;ESif h usef;rma&; qef;ppfavhvmcsufvlOD;a&pm&if;ESif h usef;rma&; qef;ppfavhvmcsufvlOD;a&pm&if;ESif h usef;rma&; qef;ppfavhvmcsufvlOD;a&pm&if;ESif h usef;rma&; qef;ppfavhvmcsufvlOD;a&pm&if;ESif h usef;rma&; qef;ppfavhvmcsuf (DHS)
USAID rS axmufyHhay;cJhonfh vlOD;a&pm&if;ESifh usef;rma&;qef;ppfavhvmcsufrsm; (DHS)
onf e,fajrwGif;vlOD;a&? usef;rma&;ESifh tm[m&rQwrIwdkYESifhywfowfonfh apmifhMunfhavhvma&;ESifh
oufa&mufrIqdkif&m tuJjzwfrItrsdK;rsdK;twGuf a'wmrsm; yHhydk;ay;onfh EdkifiHudk,fpm;jyK tdrfaxmifpk
qef;ppfavhvmcsuf jzpfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif DHS a'wmpkaqmif;rIonf 2015 ckESpfwGif pwifcJhNyD; tqdkyg
a'wmrsm;udk 2016 ckESpfwGif pwifMunfh½IEdkifcJhygonf/ tao;pdwfxyfrHod&Sdvdkygu http://dhsprogram. com/
What-We-Do/Survey-Types/DHS.cfm wGif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
42
þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;azmfjycJ honfh t"duta&;ygol (tzGJ Ytpnf;)rsm;þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;azmfjycJ honfh t"duta&;ygol (tzGJ Ytpnf;)rsm;þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;azmfjycJ honfh t"duta&;ygol (tzGJ Ytpnf;)rsm;þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;azmfjycJ honfh t"duta&;ygol (tzGJ Ytpnf;)rsm;þpm&Gufpmwrf;wGif &nfñTef;azmfjycJ honfh t"duta&;ygol (tzGJ Ytpnf;)rsm;
Environmental Conservation Department (ECD)
ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;Xme (ECD)
ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifh opfawm0efBuD;Xmevufatmuf&Sd ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;Xme
onf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;&Sd ajr,mpDrHcefYcGJrIudk t"duvkyfaqmifonfhtpdk;&Xmejzpfygonf/ xdkYjyif ywf0ef;
usifqdkif&m owif;tcsuftvufjzefYjzL;jcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESifhaxmufyHhjcif;rsm;vkyfaqmif&rnfh
t"duXme jzpfonfhtavsmuf ECD onf jrefrmywf0ef;usifqdkif&m Portal (2014) udk zefwD;ay;cJhygonf/
¤if; Portal odkY http://mya.gms-eoc.org/ rS 0ifa&mufEdkifygonf/
vlrS l0efxrf;OD;pD;XmevlrS l0efxrf;OD;pD;XmevlrS l0efxrf;OD;pD;XmevlrS l0efxrf;OD;pD;XmevlrS l0efxrf;OD;pD;Xme (DSW)
vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;0efBuD;Xmevufatmuf&Sd vlrI0efxrf;
OD;pD;Xmeonf trsdK;om;vlrIumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;r[mAsL[m (2014) udk yifrowfrSwfay;oljzpfNyD; uav;
rsm;? trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh rdom;pkrsm;udk wm;qD;jcif;? umuG,fay;jcif;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;wdkYudk OD;wnfxm;onfh
tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJcsrSwf&ef wm0ef&Sdygonf/ xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu http://www.dsw.gov.mm/en wGif Munfh½IEdkifyg
onf/
ab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&m pDrHcef YcG Ja&;Xmeab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&m pDrHcef YcG Ja&;Xmeab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&m pDrHcef YcG Ja&;Xmeab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&m pDrHcef YcG Ja&;Xmeab;tEÅ&m,fqdkif&m pDrHcef YcG Ja&;Xme (DDM)
vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;0efBuD;Xme vufatmuf&Sd ab;tEÅ&m,f
qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJa&;Xmeonf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf trsdK;om;ab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefYcGJrIqdkif&mrsm;aqmif&Gufaeaom
t"dutzJGYtpnf;jzpfNyD; (u) obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fcHpm;&olrsm;udk wr[kwfjcif; u,fq,fEdkif&eftwGuf
ta&;ay:tultnDyHhydk;ay;&efESifh (c) ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh touftdk;tdrfESifh pnf;pdrfrsm;qHk;½HI;rIudk
avQmhcs&eftwGuf umuG,fvkyfaqmifcsufrsm; aqmif&Gufay;&ef[laom OD;wnfcsufESpfckjzifh vkyfaqmifvsuf
&dSygonf/ DDM \ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifhxkwfjyefcsufrsm;? xkwfa0rIrsm;udk tao;pdwfod&Sdvdkygu http://
www. rrdmyanmar.gov.mm/ wGif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
rd k;av0oESif h ZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme rd k;av0oESif h ZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme rd k;av0oESif h ZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme rd k;av0oESif h ZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme rd k;av0oESif h ZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme (DMH)
ydkYaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&;0efBuD;Xmevufatmuf&Sd rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;
Xmeonf rdk;av0ocefYrSef;jcif;ESifh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;twGuf ueOD;owday;csufxkwfjyefay;jcif;wdkY
ESifh qufEG,faeonfh yifrtcef;u@wGif yg0ifaeygonf/ DMH \ OD;wnfcsufrsm;rSwpfckrSm obm0ab;
tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm;vkyfaqmif&efESifh ¤if;ab;tEÅ&m,fwdkY\ tusdK;oufa&mufrIudk
tenf;qHk;txd avQmhcsay;&efjzpfygonf/ DMH \ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; http://www.dmh.gov.mm/
wGif tao;pdwf qufvufMunfh½IEdkifygonf/
DRR Working Group Myanmar
jrefrmEd kifiHobm0ab; avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;tzJ G YjrefrmEd kifiHobm0ab; avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;tzJ G YjrefrmEd kifiHobm0ab; avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;tzJ G YjrefrmEd kifiHobm0ab; avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;tzJ G YjrefrmEd kifiHobm0ab; avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;tzJ G Y
(DRR WG) udk 2008 ckESpfwGif em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;rS tapmydkif;jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;
vkyfief;tqifhü jrefrmEdkifiHwGif; ab;tEÅ&m,f'PfckcHEdkifpGrf;wdk;jr§ifh&ef tpdk;&ESifh&yf&Gmrsm;udk axmufyHh&eftwGuf
pwifzGJYpnf;cJhygonf/ xdktcsdefrSpNyD; DRR WG onf EdkifiHtwGif; trsdK;tpm;tuGJjym;qHk;ESifh vIyf&Sm;rItrsm;qHk;
43
uGef,ufrsm;rSwpfcktjzpfodkY tqifhqifhajymif;vJvmcJhNyD; vuf&SdtcsdefwGif DRR ukvor*¾? tjynfjynfqdkif&m
NGO rsm;? jynfwGif; NGO rsm;ESifh DRR twGuf vkyfief;aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh ynm&SiftzGJYtpnf;rsm; pkpkaygif;
tzGJUtpnf; 60 ausmf pkaygif;yg0ifvsuf &Sdygonf/ ,leDqufonf vkyfief;trIaqmiftzGJY0ifwpfzGJY jzpfygonf/
DRR WG \ owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh xkwfa0rIrsm;udk http://www.themimu.info/sector/disaster-risk-re-
duction wGif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
UNICEF jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm
UNICEF onf uav;oli,ftcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&m urÇmhtzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/ UNICEF onf
jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd uav;oli,frsm;\b0udk tjyKoabmajymif;vJEdkif&eftwGuf ESpfaygif; 60 ausmf vkyfaqmifcJhNyD;
jzpfygonf/ UNICEF onf q,fpkESpfrsm;pGmtwGif; jrefrmtpdk;&ESifhcdkifrmpGm vkyfaqmifqufEG,frIrsm;ESifh tjcm;
yg0ifolrsm;ESifh cdkifrmpGmwGJzufaqmif&GufrIrsm;jzifh uav;rsm;\b0udk tqifhjr§ifhwifay;Edkif&ef qufvuftm;pdkuf
vkyfaqmifvsuf &Sdygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif; ,leDquf\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu http://www.,
,leDquf.org/myanmar/ wGif Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
jrefrmhowif;tcsuftvuf pDrHcef YcG Ja&;,lepf refrmhowif;tcsuftvuf pDrHcef YcG Ja&;,lepf refrmhowif;tcsuftvuf pDrHcef YcG Ja&;,lepf refrmhowif;tcsuftvuf pDrHcef YcG Ja&;,lepf refrmhowif;tcsuftvuf pDrHcef YcG Ja&;,lepf (MIMU)
jrefrmhowif;tcsuftvuf pDrHcefYcGJa&;,lepf MIMU onf ukvor*¾XmaetzGJUESifh vlom;csif;
pmemrIqdkif&m XmaetzGJUwdkYtwGuf tajcpdkufukvor*¾udk,fpm;vS,fESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m nd§EdIif;a&;rSL;\
pDrHcefYcGJrIvufatmuf&dS 0efaqmifrIwpfck jzpfonf/ ¤if;\&nf&G,fcsufrSm owif;tcsuftvufqdkif&mnd§EdIif;
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udk;um;xkwfEIwfcJ honfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk;um;xkwfEIwfcJ honfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk;um;xkwfEIwfcJ honfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk;um;xkwfEIwfcJ honfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk;um;xkwfEIwfcJ honfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;
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