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Information Bulletin: SugarcaneHigh-yielding Varieties

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The Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and NaturalResources Research and Development (PCARRD) is a sectoral councilunder the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). Establishedin 1972, PCARRD formulates policies, plans, and programs for scienceand technology development. It is the government arm that coordinates,evaluates, and monitors the national agriculture and forestry researchand development (R&D) program. Its mandates also include allocationof government and external funds for R&D and the generation ofresources to support these programs.

PCARRD pursues an active partnership with international,regional, and national agencies. It maintains and evolves linkages withinternational agricultural centers and funding institutions for joint R&D,human resource development and training, technical assistance, andexchange of scientists, information, and technologies.

The Council supports and manages the national agriculture andresources research and development network (NARRDN) comprisingof national multi- and single-commodity, and regional R&D centers,cooperating stations, and specialized agencies.

PCARRD has been a potent arm in catalyzing the Philippineagriculture and natural resources sector toward self-sufficiency andglobal competitiveness.

MAILING ADDRESS PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE,FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCESRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTLos Baños, Laguna

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About PCARRD

Dear Reader:

This bulletin, Sugarcane High-yielding Varieties, integratesthe information contained in the Philippines Recommends forSugarcane published in 2001 and the recent developmentsin sugarcane crop improvement programs of the SugarRegulatory Administration (SRA) and the Philippine Sugar ResearchInstitute Foundation, Inc. (PHILSURIN).

Most of the varieties described here have been recommendedby the Sugarcane Technical Working Group after a series of regionaltesting and evaluation. These were approved by the National SeedIndustry Council (NSIC) for commercial planting.

Sincerely yours,

PATRICIO S. FAYLONExecutive Director

OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Information Bulletin No. 248/2006

SugarcaneHigh-yielding Varieties

PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL

RESOURCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (PCARRD)Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

Los Baños, Laguna2006

ii

First Edition 2006

ISSN No. 0016-7736

Bibliographic Citation:

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and NaturalResources Research and Development (PCARRD). Sugarcanehigh-yielding varieties. Los Baños, Laguna: PCARRD, 2006. 31p.-(Information Bulletin Series No. 248).

iii

Sugarcane is one of the country’s economically important crops.It provides employment for more than 500,000 people in theagricultural and 25,000 people in the industrial sectors. The industry’sshare in our economy for 2005 was about P58.35 B with total exportearnings of about US $75 M from both the US and world markets.

Variety development is an integral component of sugarcaneresearch and development program. It is a dynamic area wherenew information and knowledge are consistently generated, thuspaving the way for scientific progress. These information andknowledge have to be disseminated to the stakeholders.

This bulletin integrates the information contained inThe Philippines Recommends for Sugarcane published in 2001 andthe recent developments in sugarcane crop improvement programsof SRA and PHILSURIN. In particular, it describes the agronomiccharacteristics and crop’s responses to biotic and abioticstresses under field conditions. Most of the varieties describedhave been recommended by the Sugarcane Technical WorkingGroup after a series of regional testing and evaluation. Thesevarieties were subsequently approved by NSIC forcommercial planting.

We hope that through this publication, sugarcane planters willbe guided in the selection of varieties.

PATRICIO S. FAYLONExecutive Director

Foreword

iv

PCARRD-DOST wishes to acknowledge the following formaking this publication possible:

• Mr. Leon M. Arceo, Chair, Sugarcane Cluster and DirectorGeneral, PHILSURIN and his staff for providing comments,suggestions, and photos;

• Mr. Oscar T. Quilloy and his staff, particularly the breedingsection of Sugar Regulatory Administration-La GranjaAgricultural Research and Extension Center (SRA-LGAREC) for providing information and photos of thedifferent SRA-bred varieties;

• The Crops Research Division: Dr. Jocelyn E. Eusebio,Director; Dr. Ester L. Lopez, Assistant Director; andDr. Bethilda E. Umali, Supervising Science ResearchSpecialist, for providing overall direction, useful comments/suggestions and support. Ms. Mercelita A. Viado, ScienceResearch Specialist (SRS) and Ms. Concepcion G. Cutay,SRS, for reviewing, improving, and editing the manuscript;Ms. Felicidad E. Bautista, SRS, for conceptualizing andwriting the manuscript; and Ms. Maurita A. Arvesu,Administrative Aide VI, for administrative support; and,

• The Applied Communication Division staff for the overallcoordination in producing this publication: Mr. Cesar M. Frias,Officer-in-Charge, for reviewing the manuscript;Mr. Paul Jersey G. Leron for editing and preparing the layoutand camera-ready proof; Mr. Simeon Manahan, Jr. fordesigning the cover; and Ms. Carmelita B. Alamban forcoordinating the overall production flow.

Acknowledgment

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Contents

Foreword .................................................................................... iiiAcknowledgment ....................................................................... iv

Introduction ................................................................................ 1NSIC-Recommended Varieties

NSIC 2002 Sc 01 or Phil 8013 ............................................ 2NSIC 2002 Sc 02 or Phil 8477 ............................................ 3NSIC 2002 Sc 03 or Phil 8583 ............................................ 4NSIC 2002 Sc 04 or Phil 8727 ............................................ 5NSIC 2002 Sc 05 or Phil 8839 ............................................ 6NSIC 2002 Sc 06 or Phil 8943 ............................................ 7NSIC 2002 Sc 07 or Phil 91-1091 ....................................... 8NSIC 2002 Sc 08 (PS 1) or VMC 947 ............................... 9NSIC 2002 Sc 09 (PS 3) or VMC 84-524 .......................... 10NSIC 2002 Sc 10 or VMC 84-549 ...................................... 11NSIC 2002 Sc 11 or VMC 86-550 ...................................... 12NSIC 2002 Sc 12 or VMC 87-95 ........................................ 13NSIC 2002 Sc 13 or VMC 87-599 ...................................... 14NSIC 2002 Sc 14 (PS 2) or VMC 88-354 .......................... 15PS 4 or VMC 95-152 .......................................................... 16PS 5 or VMC 95-09 ............................................................ 17

SRA VarietiesPhil 8361 .............................................................................. 18Phil 8835 .............................................................................. 19Phil 8839 .............................................................................. 20Phil 8943 .............................................................................. 21Phil 90-0345 ......................................................................... 22Phil 92-0051 ......................................................................... 23Phil 92-0577 ......................................................................... 24

vi

Phil 92-0751 ......................................................................... 25Phil 93-2349 ......................................................................... 26Phil 93-3155 ......................................................................... 27Phil 93-3727 ......................................................................... 28Phil 93-3849 ......................................................................... 29Phil 94-0913 ......................................................................... 30

References ................................................................................. 31

SUGARCANE HIGH-YIELDING VARIETIES 1

Introduction

The sugarcane plant belongs to the genus Saccharum, a Latin wordwhich means sugar. The genus has two species, namelyS. officinarum (cultivated species) and S. spontaneum (wild species).As years go by, the number of species that comprise the genusunderwent many changes. Today, there are five species thatare important in sugar production because they serve as valuablesources of desirable characteristics (disease resistance, tilleringcapacity, fiber content, plant form, and growth habit) in varietaldevelopment programs. However, the noble cane or S. officinarumis the species referred to when sugarcane is spoken of.

The species are divided into varieties. In commercial cane production,crossing two desirable parents develops the varieties used. Thisprocess is known as hybridization, and the selected progeny or crossis referred to as hybrid.

There are two institutions that develop sugarcane varieties:SRA and PHILSURIN.

After a series of regional testing, NSIC approved and recommendedthe varieties developed by these institutions for commercial planting.

2 SUGARCANE HIGH-YIELDING VARIETIES

NSIC 2002 Sc 01 or Phil 8013

NSIC-Recommended Varieties

NSIC 2002 Sc 01 or Phil 8013 is fast grower with moderately profuseflowering. At 8–10 months, it has yellowish to brownish green stalkwhile at maturity, it has purple stalk with drooping broad leaves andsemi-self-trashing. It is drought tolerant and the most widelyplanted variety in sugarcane producing areas.

This variety has a potential yield (average yield across ecologicaltest sites) of 103 ton cane/ha (TC/ha), 50 kg-ton/ton cane (LKg/TC),and 287 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew and smut, moderatelyresistant to leaf scorch, and susceptible to yellow spot.


NSIC 2002 Sc 02 or Phil 8477 has greenish purple stalkwith moderate wax, small to medium eyebuds, long and averagedark green leaves, and erect to reclining stand. Commonly knownas FVR variety, it is highly acceptable to the farmers as reflectedby large area planted.

This variety has a potential yield of 92 TC/ha, 2.32 LKg/TC,and 212 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew, smut, leaf scorch,and yellow spot.



NSIC 2002 Sc 03 or Phil 8583 has yellow green to purplestalk, medium-sized (2.42 cm in diameter), waxy, and with budgrooves and round buds. It has erect leaves and self-trashingcharacteristics. This variety is also known as PHILSUTECH 1.Like the FVR variety, it is also highly acceptable to the farmers.

Its potential yields are 106 TC/ha, 2.31 LKg/TC, and 251 LKg/ha.It is resistant to downy mildew, smut, and leaf scorch, butsusceptible to yellow spot.



NSIC 2002 Sc 04 or Phil 8727, commonly knownas PHILSUTECH 2, has purplish green stem, medium-sized reddishpurple cylindrical stalks, with corky cracks and patches in maturecanes, few trichomes, oval eyebuds, green with purple base leafsheaths, and is self-trashing.

Its potential yields are 103 TC/ha, 1.82 LKg/TC, and 187 LKg/ha.It is resistant to downy mildew, smut, and yellow spot.



NSIC 2002 Sc 05 or Phil 8839, also known as Ming Ramos variety,has waxy, medium-sized purple stalk, with broad leaves, and isself-trashing. This variety has high sugar yield and acceptable to thefarmers as reflected by the large area planted.

It has a potential yield of 94 TC/ha, 2.11 LKg/TC, and196 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew, leaf scorch, smut, andmoderately resistant to yellow spot.



NSIC 2002 Sc 06 or Phil 8943 is fast germinator and fast starter.It has yellowish green cylindrical stalk with corky patches and cracks.The leaves are erect with semi-self-trashing characteristics.

It has a potential yield of 116 TC/ha, 1.71 LKg/TC,and 201 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew, leaf scorch, smut butsusceptible to yellow spot.



NSIC 2002 Sc 07 or Phil 91-1091 is erect and a fast grower. It hasmedium-sized (2.69 cm in diameter), cylindrical, and purple togreenish purple stalks. It is waxy, with long bud grooves. Theyoung leaves are erect with drooping tip while older leavesdroop from middle to top.

It has a potential yield of 105 TC/ha, 1.71 LKg/TC,and 173 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew, leaf scorch,and smut but susceptible to yellow spot.

NSIC 2002 Sc 07 or Phil 91-1091


NSIC 2002 Sc 08 (PS 1) or VMC 84-947 germinates well. It iserect and self-trashing. It produces heavy tillers and sparse tassel.It shows tolerance to drought and good ratooning ability.

It has a potential yield of 105 TC/ha, 1.71 LKg/TC,and 173 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew, leaf scorch, smut,and moderately resistant to yellow spot.

NSIC 2002 Sc 08 (PS 1) or VMC 84-947


NSIC 2002 Sc 09 (PS 3) or VMC 84-524 is an early maturingvariety. It has a good germination and slow early growth. It showsheavy tillering, erect to recumbent, has abundant trichomes thatfalls off at maturity, self-trashing, and reluctant to sparse tasseling.

It has a potential yield of 94 TC/ha, 2.12 LKg/TC,and 196 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew, leaf scorch,smut, and yellow spot.

NSIC 2002 Sc 09 (PS 3) or VMC 84-524


NSIC 2002 Sc 10 or VMC 84-549 has a stalk diameter measuring2.65 cm and semi-self-trashing. Its potential yields are 90 TC/ha,1.87 LKg/TC, and 163 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew,leaf scorch, smut, and yellow spot.

NSIC 2002 Sc 10 or VMC 84-549


NSIC 2002 Sc 11 or VMC 86-550 has a stable and highLKg/TC. This highly self-trashing variety has a potential yield of87 TC/ha, 1.93 Kg/TC, and 162 LKg/ha. It is susceptible to downymildew and smut but resistant to leaf scorch and yellow spot.

NSIC 2002 Sc 11 or VMC 86-550


NSIC 2002 Sc 12 or VMC 87-95 is a heavy-tillering variety.It has a stalk diameter measuring 2.62 cm. The leaf issemi-self-trashing.

This variety has a potential yield of 93 TC/ha, 1.7 LKg/TC,and 144 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew, leaf scorch, yellowspot, and moderately resistant to smut.

NSIC 2002 Sc 12 or VMC 87-95


NSIC 2002 Sc 13 or VMC 87-599 is known for having high sugaryield per hectare. Its stalk measures 244 cm in length and 2.69 cmin diameter. It has self-trashing leaf characteristics.

This variety has a potential yield of 89 TC/ha, 1.81 LKg/TC,and 153 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew, leaf scorch, yellowspot, and moderately resistant to smut.

NSIC 2002 Sc 13 or VMC 87-599


NSIC 2002 Sc 14 (PS 2) or VMC 88-354 is a good germinating,fast growing, heavy tillering, and self-trashing variety. It is a goodratooner and sparse tasseler.

This variety has a potential yield of 108 TC/ha, 1.73 LKg/TC,and 184 LKg/ha. It is resistant to downy mildew, leaf scorch,yellow spot, and smut.

NSIC 2002 Sc 14 (PS 2) or VMC 88-354


For CY 2006, PHILSURIN-VMC has released two new selectionsof sugarcane recommended for specific locations where they hadshown higher sugar yield over VMC 86-550 and Phil 8013 in eitherplant or ratoon crops.

PS 4 or VMC 95-152 is characterized to be fair germinator,average grower, with moderate tillering and semi-self-trashinggrowth habit. It thrives well in moist conditions and in loose orwell-drained soils because of its slow to moderate growth. It is agood alternative variety for the early milling season in Davao,Bukidnon Sugar Milling Corporation (BuSCo), San Carlos, Ormoc,Balayan, Tarlac, Lopez, Sagay, and Bogo areas.

This variety has an average yield of 198 LKg/ha from 22 plantand 176 LKg/ha from 18 ratoons. It is resistant to downy mildewand rust and intermediate to leaf scorch and smut.

PS 4 or VMC 95-152


PS 5 or VMC 95-09 is a good germinator with fair toheavy tillering, fast grower, and possesses good ratooning ability.It is characterized to be semi-self detrashing in growth habit,profuse tasseler and has high tonnage and drought tolerance.This variety is adapted in dry conditions of Type C and D weatherpatterns and in clayey soils. It is recommended in Bogo, Capiz, Balayan,Tarlac, Lopez, and San Carlos.

This variety has an average yield of 186 LKg/ha from plantand 168 LKg/ha from ratoon trials. It has intermediate resistanceto downy mildew.

PS 5 or VMC 95-09


SRA was able to develop superior varieties before the creation ofNSIC. The following varieties are all high yielding and released forcommercial planting.

Phil 8361

Phil 8361 has erect to recumbent and fast growth characteristics.Leaves are long, wide, and light green to green, reclining to lodging,erect with drooping tips, green leaf sheath with long inner and shortouter auricle, no trichomes, and highly self-trashing. It has bobbinstalks that are greenish yellow when young and bright yellow atmaturity with light wax and round protuding eyebuds with wings.

It has a potential yield of 2.05 LKg/TC and 130.19 TC/ha.This variety is resistant to smut, downy mildew, and yellow spot,and moderately resistant to leaf scorch.

SRA Varieties


Phil 8835 variety is erect and has medium growth habit withvery sparse flowering characteristics. The leaves are narrow, erect withdrooping tips, and semi-self-trashing. The leaf sheaths are yellowishgreen with short auricles and have few trichomes.The stalks are smallin diameter (2.02 cm), waxy, and purplish green.

It has a potential yield of 2.29 LKg/TC and 114.24 TC/ha. It isresistant to downy mildew, smut, and leaf scorch, and moderatelyresistant to yellow spot.

Phil 8835


Phil 8839 has erect to recumbent and medium growth habit.The leaves are semi-self-trashing, slight trichomes on leaf sheath,lamina on the first to second leaves are erect to the tip, andsucceeding leaves are drooping at the center. Leaves aremedium in diameter measuring 2.5–3.0 cm. Stalks are mediumin diameter, waxy, and purple.

It has a potential yield of 2.24 LKg/TC and 120.77 TC/ha.This variety is highly resistant to downy mildew, leaf scorch, andyellow spot, and resistant to smut.

Phil 8839


Phil 8943 is fast germinator, fast starter, with medium anderect to recumbent growth habit. The leaf sheath is yellowishgreen with trichomes. The first and second leaves are erect to tipand the succeeding leaves are medium, drooping at the center,and self-trashing.

It has a potential yield of 1.91 LKg/TC and 141.59 TC/ha.It is resistant to smut, downy mildew, and leaf scorch butsusceptible to yellow spot.

Phil 8943


Phil 90-0345 is a fast growing variety. It has medium-sized stalksmeasuring 2.79 cm in diameter, waxy, and cylindrical.The stalks are brownish green with long bud grooves. Maturedcanes have corky patches and aerial roots. Leaf sheath is greenwith very few trichomes. Leaves are broad that gradually droopsat the center and non-self-trashing.

It has a potential yield of 2.10 LKg/TC and 142.83 TC/ha.It is resistant to leaf scorch, smut, and downy mildew and susceptibleto yellow spot.

Phil 90-0345


Phil 92-0051 is fast grower and has erect growth habit. Theleaves are narrow and erect with drooping tip. The leaf sheath isgreen without trichomes and semi-self-trashing. The stalks aremedium in size (2.67 cm), waxy, yellowish green, and has budgrooves and round eyebuds with wings.

It has a potential yield of 1.88 LKg/TC and 168.59 TC/ha.It is resistant to smut, downy mildew, leaf scorch, and yellow spot.

Phil 92-0051


Phil 92-0577 is fast grower and has erect to recumbentgrowth habit. It has large stalks measuring 3.03 cm in diameter,yellowish green, and waxy with bud grooves. Eyebuds areround with wings. The leaves are broad, gradually drooping atthe middle, with short inner auricle, moderate but fine trichomes,and semi-self-trashing.

It has a potential yield of 179.13 TC/ha and 2.05 LKg/TC.It is resistant to smut, downy mildew, leaf scorch, and moderatelyresistant to yellow spot.

Phil 92-0577


Phil 92-0751 is fast grower and with erect to recumbentgrowth habit. It has medium-sized stalks of 2.62 cm in diameter,brownish purple, bobbin-shaped, waxy with bud grooves. Eyebudsare oval with wings. Young leaves are erect while older leavesdroop. The leaves are medium with purplish green leaf sheath,short auricle, with few trichomes, and self-trashing.

It has a potential yield of 1.91 LKg/TC and 177.6 TC/ha.This variety is resistant to smut, downy mildew,yellow spot, and leaf scorch.

Phil 92-0751


Phil 93-2349 is fast grower and has erect growth habit. It hasmedium-sized drooping leaves. The stalks are cylindrical, brownishpurple with corky patches.

It has a potential yield of 2.28 LKg/TC and 127.67 TC/ha.It is resistant to smut, downy mildew, leaf scorch, and moderatelyresistant to yellow spot.

Phil 93-2349


Phil 93-3155 is fast grower and has erect growth habit withprofuse flowering characteristics. The leaves are medium-sizedthat gradually droops with short inner auricle. The stalks measures2.80 cm, cylindrical, greenish yellow with bud grooves. It has ovateeyebuds, moderate trichomes, and self-trashing.

It has a potential yield of 2.38 LKg/TC and 112.13 TC/ha.It is resistant to smut and downy mildew, and moderatelyresistant to leaf scorch.

Phil 93-3155


Phil 93-3727 is fast grower, has erect growth habit, withsparse flowering characteristics. The leaves are medium-sized,drooping, with purplish green leaf sheath and short inner auricle.Stalks are medium-sized (2.88 cm), cylindrical, brownish yellowwith no bud groove. It has oval eyebuds with moderate trichomesand is self-trashing.

This variety has a potential yield of 2.33 LKg/TCand 112.62 TC/ha. It is highly resistant to smut, yellow spot, anddowny mildew and moderately resistant to leaf scorch.

Phil 93-3727


Phil 93-3849 is fast grower with erect growth habit andsparse flowering characteristics. The leaves are narrow anderect with green leaf sheath and short inner auricle. Thestalks are medium-sized, cylindrical, yellowish green with nobud groove. It has round eyebuds with wings, heavy trichomes,and is self-trashing.

It has a potential yield of 2.30 LKg/TC and 128.51 TC/ha.It is resistant to smut, downy mildew and yellow spot, andmoderately resistant to leaf scorch.

Phil 93-3849


Phil 94-0913 has erect to recumbent growth habit withsparse flowering characteristics. The leaves are medium-sizedwith erect tips on younger leaves and drooping when mature.Leaf sheaths are green with purple base, few trichomes, andsemi-self-trashing. Stalks are medium-sized, barrel shaped,greenish brown, waxy, with bud grooves and corky patches.

It has a potential yield of 2.45 LKg/TC and 141.16 TC/ha.It is resistant to downy mildew and smut, and moderatelyresistant to yellow spot and leaf scorch.

Phil 94-0913


References

Amarra, A.B. The sugar industry strategic plan. - (Unpublished report).Armones, R.T.; Harder, R.T.; delos Santos, D.A. Sugar Regulatory

Administration (SRA)-bred high-yielding varieties. La Granja,La Carlota City, Negros Occidental, Philippines: SRA, 2005. -(Unpublished report).

Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Plant Industry. National SeedIndustry Council. Seed catalogue. - (Undated).

Philippine Sugar Research Institute Foundation, Inc., (PHILSURIN).High-yielding varieties selections. Makati City: PHILSURIN , June,2001. - (Information Bulletin No. 8).

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural ResourcesResearch and Development-Department of Science and Technology(PCARRD-DOST) and Philippine Sugar Research InstituteFoundation, Inc. The Philippines recommends for sugarcane. LosBaños, Laguna: PCARRD-DOST and PHILSURIN, 2001. 269p.- (Philippines Recommends Series No. 88).

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