2. Philosophical argumentation for universalism of science is not less important than historical. It discloses an essenceof science. What is an aim of science? 'People want to know' Aristotle wrote these words 2300 years ago. They want tobe sure of their knowledge and only truth gives them this feeling. Science is a part of common knowledge, howeverspecific due to methodology. But the aim is still the same. It is the truth. Different definitions of it have appeared inepistemology. Classical philosophy says that the truth in logical sense is a conformity between areall:y and a cognition:veritas est adequatio intellectus et rei. It underlines relations between a being (esse) that represents objectiveness andthoughts, which concem subjective sphere. The logical truth is a consequence of the ontological one. It means thalevery being is the truth per se. San Thomas, one of the greatest medieval philosophers, alleged: 'ens et verumconvertuntur ', what we can translate: a being and the truth are exchanged values. This statement is based on Aristotle'sprinciple of contradiction, which says that a being (esse) and a no-existenc e (non esse) are not the same. If a being is thetruth of its own accord, it is the truth always and everywhere. So, a being is a universal (franscendental) value. Becauseeach object of scientific researches is the universal truth per se, science, which seeks to acknowledge it, is marked byuniversality of its object. In other words, universality that is a feature of beings indicates a universalism of science.

Recognition of science's universalism is only possible when we affrm existence of absolute truth. We canagree that the whole kuth is not attainable for human cognition, even if we use specific scientific methods we shouldassume that it is in beings and we can find it there in parts. Karl Popper rightly noticed that we are searchers of fruth butnot its owners.3. Modern civilisation is often defined as a information society or a society of science and technology. One of the mostessential factors in social and economic development is knowledge and the information connected with it. They havebecome the most expensive goods which constitute the level of prosperity and wealth of the society. The morecomputerised the county is, and computerised being understood as IT infrastructure, the level of technologicaladvancement as well as the quanti[ and quality of the research institutions, the higher its position in global ratings.Science as a source of creativity, innovation and progress plays an important role in the processes of creatinginformation society. Nowadays it is noticeable that there is a drive towards gaining knowledge, improving qualificationsetc. Countries allocate a great part oftheir annual budget expenses to edncation and scientific research. It also concernsunder-developed countries such as Moldova (10.6% of budget expenses), Namibia (9.1%) or Botswana (8.6%).Educational service sector is developing dynamically also at the academic level where the flow of scientific ideas occur.The institutions such as universities or academies still maintain a double function - didactic (educational) andresearching (scientific). Science, or at least sonre part of it, which has been an 'exclusive' good, is now within the reachof 'an average citizen'. Foreign scholarships are becoming more and more common. Scholars and academic studentseagerly use the hospitality of foreign universities. It is the opportunity to exchange ideas, share the experience and theresults of the research. the USA is definitely a good example -75% of people at the age 18-24havebeen educating ata higher level. There are plenty of foreigners studying at American universities. Until recently the biggest group offoreign students has comprised of people from Asia, including the scholarship holders from the People's Republic ofChina. lt has been estimated that the Asian people constifute approximately 213 of the whole number of foreign studentsstudying in America.

Technologies of social comrnunication, such as the Intemet, which are a very important source of information,also a scientific source, are developing rapidly. The technological progress in the area of means of socialcommunication enables a greater cooperation between the scientific institutions in different parts of the world andfacilitates the access to education, including a higher level of education, and it seems especially helpful for people fromdisadvantaged groups - the handicapped, people from remote areas or prisoners etc. Nowadays the education ii spreadby means of modern technologies which enable reaching a great number of people almost all over the world; thelnternet and interactive TV are used in order to achieve that.

Scientific and didactic cooperation of the universities using IT is an interesting idea. In the future it will bepossible to obtain diplomas from a few cooperating universities from different countries or even continents. In order tomake it possible common standards of education are implemented and standardised minimum curriculum is developed.The EU is actively supporting such projects.

The international exchange of thoughts and ideas occurs mainly in English which has become lingua franca ofthe world's civilizatiorr and at present its firnction is similar to Latin in the past. For 400 million peopl- all over theworld English is a mother tongue and for over a milliard people it is their second or third language. About 50% ofscientiftc magazines are published in English which is also a language of instruction at many universities and facultiesin non-English countries; it is common that international conferences and academic seminars are conducted in English.

Developing corrntries of Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe and some African countries have beenattempting to reduce the development gap between them and the rich and highly-developed Western Europe, the USA,Canada or Japan. Many of the developing countries can now compete with the highly-developed countries especially inthe freld of science, some non-European countries such as China, India or Pakistan are now highly-respected as far asscience is concemed. Nevertheless, the reseatchers from the West and from the countries where the Western influenceis strong e.g. Russia and Japan are still taking the lead in the global scientific ratings. For instance, among the laureatesof the most prestigious scientific distinction - the Nobel prize in science (economic sciences, physiology and medicine,physics and chemistry) there are no representatives of African or Muslim countries. Asii is represented only by

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scienlists from fiigrtIy-developed "hpan and Latin America by an Argentinean Nobel prize Laureate in chemiqp-Howevet, the conftibution to modem scientifi_c and tecbnolo [ical civ{lization by the representatives of non-Errolncultures and nations' Prestigious prizes are often connectea i'ittr the level of budget r"p.or"r on scientific reseact,broader popularisation of scientific achievements as well as existing stereotypes that what is valuable and worthrewarding is created in fhe West, especially in the USA; not awarding tne p.ires tt the scientists from the outside of thedeveloped civilisation does not mean that the contribution of maiv develnnino cnrrnrriec inrn +la .r^,,^r^**^-+ ^rscience is unnoticed. The words of ttre most popular polishII from 1983 seem very important and highly up-to-date: ,an absolute search for the truth (...) does not depend on idrThe academic community, the community of peace, shouldresearches are conducted and they are used in a proper wacolonialism disappear; we must put an end to ali thi formrhappy with the fact that Pontifrcal Academy of Sciences a<any racial or religious discrimination (...). Discoveries whicfrom the academic community, especially when it spreads al

To sum up, it can be stated that academic cooperation befween different countries of the world may constifitre asolid foundation to build a universal civilisation. As i matter of fact scholars, who are beyond the political, ecoDomicand cultural division, build a universal community of scienthe values of academic activity conducted outside the cContemporary world becoming a global village, connecte<dictatorship limiting mutual contacts which has always beerscientific and academic cooperation is the European Uniorscale. Global scale exchange is particularly important for huto understand different comrnunicative and cultural codes which can lead to understanding the dissimilarities in generalUltimately, it can contibute to the development of peaceful international relationships.

REF'ERENCES:eerven6 T', 2008, Alternatfvne met64, vyuiovania anglick1ho jazyka u abstinujilcej mlddeie, ln: Zbornfk prispaka.z konferencie k projehu Reitart,IPVARR, Bratislava.Dunbar R., 1996, Trouble with science; Harvard University press, cambridge.Goikowski J. and Marmuszewski S. (eds.), 1995, Nauka. To2samoit i traficja,Universitas, Krak6w.

I .

tnania, Wydawnictwo UAM, poznafr.logii tomistycznej, RW KUL, Lublin., Cambridge.,In: Sport and Globalizalion, UKF, Nitra.ediator,no. l.'e w czasie i przestrzeni, no. S.' s c i ent ifi c knou, I e dge, Rutledge, London-New york.o ach, Oxfor d, University press, Oxford.lfytut Geopolityki, Czgstochowa.SEV UK. Bratislava.,ersity kess, Cambridge.

o2 [n these statistics the Nobel Prizes are assigned to the country of residence of the laureate at the moment of receiving the prize-eg. Maria Curie-Sklodowska was regarded as French.

3 1 1

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rsBN 978-9941 -17 -47 4-2