The USA-Advisor: A Case Study in Answer Set Planning

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Transcript of The USA-Advisor: A Case Study in Answer Set Planning

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ñ åx<«8V6D>A>LK�69öÓ@TF�[ � � � [;<�\�[zHAIG\�[V6DIG:=<�\réÂ<«8;<-aT<�IG<«8V69[;<=E°HAIÖ[;MGHA\zæÖ6DIGIG<=8�ðhóvHAaDFG8;< o\]MG@jé�\[;MG<�äÓ<«8;RS@D8;æÖ69IJ:=<�@DRÅöÓ@D[;M)äW>A6DIGIG<=8;\oR·@D8 � � HAIG\�[V6DIG:�<=\Õ:�@DIh[V69HAIGHAIGa�[;M�8;<=<Òæ"<=:NMJ6DIGHA:�6D>69IJE)[�éÂ@�<=>A<=:=[]8;H?:j69>PRL69FJ>}[;\�ýS[;MG<Òæ"@D\�[oHAIx[;<«8;<�\�[;H?IGa�\]H}[;FW6X[;HA@TI7RÍ8;@Tæ�[;MJ<�\�[V6DIGE�äÓ@THAIx[o@DR[;MG<�êÆëhì2<���äÓ<=8][;\NþVðWìQ\-éÂ<�:�6DI_\]<=<�[;MG<�ëhæÖ698][ /r>Í6DIGIG<«8Qé/6D\Õ6XöW>?<�[;@ÖõJIGE)[;MG<�äJ>A6DIG\@98�EGHA\]:=@jåx<«8Ò[;MG<�H}8"6XöW\]<=IG:�<°HAIÌ>A<=\]\�[;MJ6DI� �\]<=:�@DIJEG\=ð ã MJ<°BC6D\]HA: /r>Í6DIGIG<«8Ò8;<,hFGH}8;<�E\]F�öJ\�[V6DIx[;HÍ69>A>?í�æ"@98;<Â[;HAæ"<Dð;��IÒ\]@Tæ"</:�6D\]<=\P[;MG</EGH 1+<«8;<=IJ:=<Â<���:�<=<�EG<=E �@D8;EG<=8;\v@TRJæÖ6DaTIGH}è[;FGEG<Dð9ì/[v6=åx<=8V69aT<r[;MG<CëhæÖ698][ /r>Í69IJIG<«8Pé/6D\P69öÓ@TF�[&3 � [;HAæ"<=\PRS6D\�[;<=8�ð�Yú<réÂ<=8;<r\]F�8]äJ8;H?\]<�E[;@ÆEGH?\]:�@jåT<=8r[;MJ69[Å[;MJ<�IhFGæ�öÓ<=8z@TRÓ\�[;<«äJ\zFG\]<=E"öhí�öÓ@D[;M"äJ>Í6DIGIG<«8;\zEGHAEÖIG@D[r<���:=<=<�E �o6DIGE

[;MJ69[�[;MJ<�\]H?ç�<�@DRv[;MG<�aD8;@TFGIGEG<�E�åx<=8;\]H?@TI_@DR$@TF�8-äG8;@TaD8V6Dæ÷é/6D\-IG@D[Q>Í6X8;aT<Tð ñ [;MG<=8�8V6DI�èEG@Tæ <���äÓ<«8;HAæ"<=Ix[;\Q8;FGI�@DI_[;<�\�[;\-é�H?[;M7IhFGæ�öÓ<«8;\o@TRÅRL6DFG>}[;\QöÓ<=[�éÂ<=<=I��69IJE �°EGHAE7IG@D[äG8;@�EGFG:=<�6DIxí�IG<=éØH?IJ\]H?aTMx[;\=ð

ã MG<7äJ>Í69IJ\�äJ8;@hEJFG:=<�EÊöhí�[;MG<Zë�æ"698][ /r>A6DIGIG<=84éÂ<«8;<ò@TRÆ8;<�6D\]@TIJ69öJ>?íÊaT@h@�E ,hFJ6D>?H?[�íTðã MG<«í éÂ<=8;<7æ"HAIGH?æÖ6D>ÕHAI�[;MG<�IhFGæ�öÓ<«8�@TRÆ\�[;<«äJ\�6DIGEÊ\;69[;HA\�õJ<=EûæÖ6DIxíÉ8;<-,hFGH?8;<=æ"<=Ix[;\@DRÂ[;MG<ÖêÆë�ì,<��hä+<«8][;\Æé�MGH?:NMòéÂ<=8;<ÖHAIG:=@D8]äÓ@D8V69[;<=EúHAIúMG<�F�8;HA\�[;H?:�\�@TRz[;MJ<"äJ>A6DIGIJ<«8�ð ã MJ<FGIGIG<�:=<=\]\;698]í�6D:«[;HA@TIG\�\]@Tæ"<«[;HAæ"<=\CäG8;@�EGFJ:=<=E�öhí�[;MG<oäJ>Í6DIGIG<=8�éÂ<«8;<Æ<j69\]HA>?í4EG<«[;<�:«[V69öJ>A<Dðã MG<�ö 69\]HA:�äJ>Í69IJIG<«8ÆEGHAE�\]F�öJ\�[V6DIx[;HÍ6D>?>?í)éÂ@D8;\]<Tð���I7RL69:=[ÕéÂ<�EGH?\]:�@jåT<=8;<=E�[;MJ69[Õ@TIG>?í7@DIJ<äJ>A6DIäG8;@�EGFG:=<�E°öhí"[;MGHA\zäJ>A6DIGIJ<«8/HAI°[;MG<-<��hä+<«8;HAæ�<�Ix[/RÍ8;@Tæ�õWaDFG8;< Æ\;69[;H?\�õW<=\z[;MG<QêÆë�ì<���äÓ<«8][;\C:=8;H}[;<=8;HA6�R·@D8Q6�8;<j6D\]@DIW6XöW>?<oäJ>Í6DI+ð

ã MG<Q\]<=:�@DIJE\]<«8;HA<=\/@DR³<���äÓ<«8;HAæ"<=Ix[;\ÂEG<j69>?[Âé�H}[;M@TF�8/EG<=>AH}ö+<«8V69[;<Õ69[][;<=æ�äG[z[;@�:=8V6D\]M@TF�8\�í�\�[;<�æ4ðWYú<�\]<�>?<�:«[;<=E76°IhFGæ�öÓ<=8Õ@TRv[;<=\�[ÕH?IJ\�[V69IJ:=<=\-é�MJH?:NM_\]<=<�æ�<�E)[;@°:�@98]8;<�\�äÓ@TIGE)[;@<=\�äÓ<�:=HÍ69>A>?í4EGH � :=FG>?[Q\]H?[;FJ69[;HA@DIJ\=ð ã MG<�[V6XöW>?< 3�aDH?åx<=\Q@DFG[;:=@Tæ"<=\-@TRv8;FGIGIGHAIGa°[;MG<�ëhæÖ698][/Å>Í6DIGIG<=8-@TI ��@TRP\]FG:VM)HAIG\�[V6DIG:�<=\=ð��ÅåT<�I4[;MG@TFGaTM4[;MG<Æ\]HAç=<Æ@TR�[;MG<ÆaD8;@TFGIGEJ<=E4äJ8;@DaD8V6Dæ4K[;MG<Æ>?<�IGaD[;M�@DRPäJ>A6DIG\=KÓ6DIGE4[;MG<ÆI�FGæ�öÓ<«8-@TRv6D:=[;H?@TIG\�HAIxåx@T>}åx<�E)698;<Æ\]F�öJ\�[V6DIx[;HÍ6D>?>?í4>Í698;aT<«8[;MJ6DI�[;MG@T\]<�HAI)[;MG<�HAIGH}[;HÍ6D>³<��hä+<«8;HAæ�<�Ix[;\=KW[;MG<Æ[;HAæ"<�HA\-\�[;HA>?> ,xFJH}[;<�6D:�:=<«äJ[V6XöW>?<ýLH§ð <DðW>A<=\]\[;MJ6DI 3�úæ�HAIhF�[;<�\46D:=:=@D8;EGHAIGaZ[;@Z[;MG<7êÆëhì 8;<,hFGH}8;<�æ"<=Ix[;\NþVð&��IÊ:=@TIx[]8V6D\�[�Kz[;MG<)ö 69\]HA:äJ>A6DIGIJ<«8Âé/69\zIJ@9[/69öJ>A<�[;@�õJIJE°\]@T>?F�[;HA@TIG\z[;@�6DIxíÖ@TR+[;MG<=\]<-äG8;@DöJ>?<�æ"\rè�éÂ<Q\�[;@9äJäÓ<=EÖ[;MJ<äJ>A6DIGIJ<«8Q69R·[;<«8 ;�"MG@TF�8;\�@TR�éÂ@D8]ø ð

�l[�HA\HAIx[;<«8;<�\�[;H?IGaÌ[;@ÌIG@D[;<_[;MJ69[°[;@ 69:NMGHA<«åx<_[;MGH?\äÓ<«8;RS@D8;æÖ69IJ:=<_éÂ<7IG<=<�EÊ6D>A>Q@DRo[;MJ<ëhæÖ6X8][ /Å>Í6DIGIG<=8oMG<=FG8;H?\�[;HA:=\=ð��$åx<�I)[;MJ@DFJaDM78;<=æ"@jåD6D>v@TRÅ\]@Tæ�<"@DRÅ[;MG<=æ ax6�åx<ÒFG\o\]æ"6D>A>H?æ�äG8;@jåx<=æ"<=Ih[;\�@TI)6�R·<=é [;<=\�[�HAIG\�[V6DIG:=<�\=KW@DI�@D[;MG<=8;\/[;MG<oäÓ<«8;RS@D8;æÖ69IJ:=<Õé/6D\CéÂ@D8;\]<�IG<=Eöhí�æ"@D8;<Õ[;MJ6DI)6DI4@D8;EG<«8-@TR�æÖ6DaTIGH?[;FGEG<Dð

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� »;¼ �� ��W» �G¼����+» ¹�¿j¼ 6�� » �������T» ¹-¼ ��� » � 6�� �� � � � � � � �j� � � ���� �9� � � Ç � � �� � � � � � � � � � � ���� � � � � Ç � � �� � ¶ ��� � � µ � �j� � � �� � � �jÇ ¶X���� � ¶ � � � � µ��Xµ � � � �� � ���DÇ ��� �� � ¶ ��� � � �j���9� � � � � ¶ ¶ �jÇ ��� �µ � ¶ � � � � µ�� � � � � �� � ¶j¶ Ç � �j�

��I�[;MG<�[V69öJ>A<DK+[;MJ<�õG8;\�[�:=@T>AFGæ"I�HA\Õ[;MG<�[;<=\�[oHAIG\�[V6DIG:=<"IhFJæÆö+<«8�Ku[;MG<�\]<=:�@TIGE�aTH}åx<=\[;MG<ÆIhFGæ�öÓ<=8-@TRPU ü ë\]F�öJ\�í�\�[;<�æ�\-HAIxåx@T>}åx<=E)H?I�[;MG<ÆæÖ6DIG<=F�åx<=8Òý 3DK2�KJ@D8 �xþVKG[;MG<o[;MGH?8;EH?\�[;MG<°IhFGæ�öÓ<=8�@TRÂ[;HAæ�<\�[;<«äJ\ÒIG<=<�EG<=E+K�[;MG<°RS@TF�8][;MZH?\�[;MG<Ö[;@D[V6D>rIhFJæÆö+<«8�@TRC6D:«[;HA@TIG\äÓ<«8;RS@D8;æ�<�EÖEJF�8;H?IJa�[;MG<�[;HAæ�<-\�[;<=äJ\=Kh[;MG<�õJR·[;M°6DIGE\]H ��[;M698;<�[;MG<-IhFGæ�öÓ<=8Â@TRÓ8;FG>A<=\Â6DIGE6X[;@Tæ"\ÅFG\]<�E�öhí*�������� "!#�ÂHAI�[;MG<CaD8;@DFJIGEG<=EÖ:=@�EG<CR·@D8Å[;MJ69[$[;<=\�[r:�6D\]<DKx6DIGE"[;MG</\]<=åx<=Ix[;M:=@T>?FJæ�I�HA\/[;MJ<Õ[;HAæ�<TKGHAI�\]<=:�@DIJEG\=KWIG<=<�EG<=E�[;@�õJIJE�6�äJ>Í69Iuð

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with heuristicswithout heuristics

57698 À � À ~ |}moeV�$sAqjiÅing�pxÁxqjmƲ���ÃjeVpxeVing=kneVÁ�kneV�lkn�N� �vgj��|}{Â�T�NÇhyDm�g�ilkr´³²?g�pxpxeVi

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��I4[;MGHA\CäW69äÓ<=8CéÂ<ÆEG<�\]:«8;H?öÓ<=E�[;MG<oäJ>Í6DIGIG<«8QFG\]<�E4öhí�6"æ"<=EGHAFGæ÷\]HAç=<�EG<=:�H?\]HA@TI�\]F�äGä+@98][\�í�\�[;<�æ��"éC8;H?[][;<=IZHAIÌì-è /Å8;@D>A@TaGð ã MG<EG@Tæ"6DHAIÌ@TR/[;MG<°äJ>Í69IJIG<«8"6DIGEÌH}[;\Ò:�@TIG\�[]8;FG:«[;HA@TI:�6DI�öÓ<Æ@DRvH?Ix[;<=8;<=\�[C[;@�[;MG<o8;<�6DEG<«8�R·8;@Tæî\]<=åT<=8V6D>+EGH 1Ó<=8;<=Ix[-\�[V6DIGE�äÓ@THAIx[;\=ð

� ëhHAIG:=<-6Æ\]HAIGaT>?<Q6D:«[;HA@TI"@TR+6DI°6D\�[]8;@TIJ6DF�[z:VMJ6DIGaT<=\r[;MG<CåD6D>?FJ<=\r@TRÓæÖ6DIxí�HAIx[;<=8]8;<=>Í6X[;<�EïJFG<�Ix[;\�@TRr[;MJ<�U ü ë)[;MJ<"EG<�\]:«8;H?äG[;H?@TIú@TRz<21Ó<=:=[;\Æ@TRr[;MGHA\�6D:«[;HA@TI�öÓ<=:�@Tæ�<�\�64IG@TI�è[]8;H}å�HÍ6D>r[V6D\�øÓð�Yú<\]@T>?åx<=EZ[;MGHA\�äG8;@DöJ>A<=æ öhíZFG\]H?IJa)[;MJ<°[;<=:NMGIGH ,hFG<=\ÒEG<=åx<=>A@9ä+<=EÌH?I[;MG<=@D8]í"@TRu6D:«[;HA@TIG\Â6DIGE°:NMJ6DIGaT<Q6DIGEÖ[;MG<�äÓ@jéÂ<«8Â@TR+ì-è /Å8;@D>A@Ta�8;FG>?<�\=ð �l[ÂH?\zIJ@9[Â:=>A<�698[;@ÖFJ\-MG@jé [;MG<=\]<�<%1Ó<�:«[;\�:�@DFJ>?E�öÓ<Ò69:�:=F�8V69[;<�>}í�8;<=äG8;<=\]<�Ix[;<=E�öhí)æ�@D8;<Æ[]8V6DEGH?[;HA@DIW69>ë ã U(� //ë>?H?øx<�6D:«[;HA@DI�>A6DIGaTFJ6DaT<=\=ð

� ì-è /Å8;@D>A@Ta�äJ8;@�åx<�E°[;@�öÓ<o6�>A6DIGaTFJ6DaT<Õ:j6Xä 6XöW>?<Õ@TRu\�ä+<=:=HAR·í�HAIGa�[;MG<ÕHAIGH}[;HÍ6D>Ó\]H}[;FJ69[;HA@TI+K:�6DFG\;6D>W6DIGE"@D[;MG<=8$8;<�>A69[;HA@DIJ\$@TRW[;MG<CEJ@DæÖ6DHAI+Kh69\ÅéÂ<=>A>J6D\$[;MG<CMG<�F�8;H?\�[;HA:CHAIGR·@D8;æÖ69[;H?@TI>?HAæ"H}[;HAIGa [;MG<�\]<�698;:NMû\�äW6D:=<ú6DIGEûHAæ�äG8;@jå�H?IGa ,hFJ6D>?H?[�íÊ@TRÆäJ>Í6DIG\=ð ã MGHA\4:�@DIh[]8V69\�[;\é�H}[;Mò\]@Tæ"<�@TRr[;MG<�@D[;MG<«8Æ8;<«äG8;<�\]<=Ix[V69[;HA@TIJ6D>Å6XäJäG8;@x69:NMG<=\oé�MGHA:VM�8;<,xFJH}8;<�\]<=äW698V69[;<>A6DIGaTFJ6DaT<=\-R·@D8�<�6D:NM4@TR�[;MG<=\]<Æ:=>Í6D\]\]<=\�@DRP\�[V69[;<=æ"<=Ih[;\=ð

� ìQIG\�éÂ<«8�\]<«[oäJ>Í6DIGIGHAIGa�äG8;@jåx<=E�[;@öÓ<"6�aT@h@�E7[;@h@T>$R·@D8Æ@TF�8oäJF�8]äÓ@T\]<Dð�/$698][;>?í)[;MGH?\H?\QEGFG<Æ[;@ÖIJ@DIGè�IhFGæ"<«8;HA:�6D>PIJ69[;F�8;<Æ@TRv[;MG<oäJ8;@9öW>?<�æ�ð B/F�[-[;MG<oäW>A6DIGIG<=8�� \Õ69öJH?>AH?[�í�[;@

� ~ �xeC{Vq9ÁxeCsAqXivkn�xeC�/yD�rËL�zÁT�D|}�nqjiÅ|��zgV�jg�|}²}gj�x²�e/qjp"i�e;×DwxeV�lkrsAi�qjm kn�xe�g�wTkn�xqji��NÇ

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with heuristics

57698 À � À ~ |}moeV�$sÍqji$ingjpxÁxqjmo²���ÃjeVpxe;ing�kne;Á�kne;��kn�N�hyDm�g�ilkr´³²?g�pxpxeVi$qXpx²Ô�

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