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Gift ofthe Panama CanalMuseum
Vol.2, No. 3 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, NOVEMBER 2, 1951 5 cents
FLUORIDATION OF CANAL ZONE WATER TO BEGIN
SOON AFTER THE FIRST OF THE COMING YEAR
Canal Officials Attend ArmyDisaster Control Exercise
OBSERVERS AND ADVISERS at the engineering table for the recent Army exercise were three
Panama Canal Division Chiefs. Frank Lerchen, Municipal Engineer, center, facing the camera, is look-
ing over the situation map. Facing him is Harry Metzler of the Building Division, while J. B. Smith, of
the Electrical Division, has his back to the camera, far right.
Bureau and Division Chiefs of the Pan-
ama Canal Company and Canal Zone
Government whose organizations would
go into action in case of a local disaster
sat in as observers last month on a unified
service exercise, illustrating disaster con-
trol procedure to be followed in the event
of an atomic attack on the Canal Zone.
The exercise was the second of a series
and the first in which a number of Canal
officials have participated.
Purpose in having the Panama Canal
officials on hand for the exercise, in which
an atomic attack on Pedro Miguel Locks
was simulated, was as observers and ad-
visers. In the latter capacity, according
to Lt. Col. John P. Mial, Director of the
Army Disaster Control Center, they could
advise the military staff officers on capa-
bilities of the Panama Canal organization
and coordinate matters so that the needs
of both military and Panama Canal popu-
lations could be met in case of a disaster.
The problem was designed to test re-
sources for handling traffic in the Canal,
the provision of police and fire protection,
treatment of casualties, availability of
water and electrical supply and commun-ications facilities, and the housing, feed-
ing, and care of refugees from such a
disaster.
Colonel Mial explained that it is ex-
pected that a third and last drill, which
will be a full-scale exercise, will test the
use of relief teams and equipment on a
large scale.
Attending the military exercise as ob-
servers and advisers were representatives
of the Governor's office, Marine, Civil
Affairs, Supply and Service, and Health
Bureaus; the Municipal, Electrical, Locks
Police, Fire, Clubhouses, and Housing
Divisions; and the Safety Branch.
The observers sat in on the exercise at
Disaster Control Headquarters at Fort
Amador where a critique on the CPX(Command Post Exercise) was held a
week later.
FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE• Interested in housing? Some of the newtypes of quarters to be built here are illus-trated and described on page 2.
• Fall days and football go together. TheZone's three school football squads arepictuied on page 13.
• A trip through the Canal with a pilot is
the waterfront feature in the series on menwho put ships through the interoceanicwaterway, on page 10.
Supply Will Serve
Zone, Panama, Colon
The use of fluoride in Canal Zone water
as a partial control for dental decay will
begin early in the coming calendar year.
A year's supply of fluoride has been
ordered and its use in water at the Mira-
flores and Mount Hope filtration plants
will begin shortly after the arrival of the
necessary chemicals, probably by mid-
January.
The cost of the fluoridation will be
approximately $12,000 per year, or one
mill per thousand gallons of water.
Water so treated will serve the entire
population of the Canal Zone, plus that
of Colon and Panama City and its sub-
urbs as far as Juan Diaz.
Approval of the use of fluoride in the
local water supply concluded months of
experiment by E. W. Zelnick, Chief of
the Municipal Division's Water and Lab-
oratories Branch, and by members of his
staff as to what chemicals would be best
suited for Isthmian use and the develop-
ment of the most suitable method of add-
ing the chemicals to the water.
Of the $5,000 authorized to conduct the
experiments to determine the particular
type of chemical to be used, the methodof applying it and the point of applica-
tion, sufficient funds are left to cover the
cost of manufacturing locally and install-
ing the small amount of equipment re-
quired for the fluoridation.
The method to be used calls for the use
of sodium silicofluoride and is less costly
than methods using another, related,
chemical sodium fluoride.
The sodium silicofluoride is to be added
to the water at a rate sufficient to obtain
a residual fluoride content of 0.7 parts per
million.
Last January, the Water and Labora-
tories Branch was authorized to perform
experimental work to determine the most
economical fluoride compound which
could be used and the most suitable point
of application of the fluoride to the water
at Miraflores and Mount Hope filtration
plants.
In other locations where the water sup-
ply has been fluoridated, the chemical is
almost always added to the filtered water
by specially set up feeders.
The Canal Zone chemists experimented
with both the sodium fluoride and sodium
silicofluoride, the latter being found to be
about half the cost of the former.
They developed a small device to
"dump" the selected chemical into exist-
ing solution tanks. This (Seepage!)
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951
New Housing — A REVIEW PreviewTen new housing designs for U. S.-rate
quarters have been approved and are nowbeing developed by the Engineering Divi-
sion for construction in new and replace-
ment housing areas. Included in the ten
designs are revisions and improvements
to three of the more popular types re-
cently built in Diablo.
On the other end of the living space is
the service wing, which consists of kitchen
maid's toilet, storage space, a clothes dry-
ing area, and a car-port. The plan for this
type is illustrated below. This general
scheme is also adapted to three-bedroom
single apartments and two-bedroom two-
family nouses.
WITH THE addition of new designs to the Housing Project, employees will have the choice of eleven
masonry and six composite off-the-ground types. Above is one of the smaller 3-bedroom houses with several
new features. The lower plan is another new type, providing outdoor living space on a covered terrace.
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Seven new types, covering a range of
two-, three-, and four-bedroom houses
and including single- and double-apart-
ment units, are now in the working draw-
ing stage.
One of the new two-bedroom houses has
a covered terrace or open porch which
runs parallel with the living dining room.
The terrace or porch is practically an out-
door extension of the living space.
This area is also easily available to the
kitchen, which adjoins it on one end,
allowing service directly to the terrace
area. Two bedrooms and the bath open
from the living space on one end.
Another new type of two-bedroom
house has a covered terrace or porch,
opening from the long end of the living
room. This terrace or porch extends the
living space into an adjoining, sheltered
outdoor space. The kitchen in this plan
allows space for breakfast dining. A cov-
ered car-port, a service area, maid's toilet,
and storage room make up the exterior
covered service area.
One of the two new types of three-bed-
room single apartments has the entrance
so arranged to provide access to the living
room, kitchen and bedroom wing from
the entrance hallway. There is also a
large covered porch opening from the
living room area, covered service space,
and a collapsible partition between two
small bedrooms which may be opened to
permit this space to be used as one extra-
large bedroom. The plan and elevation of
this house is illustrated to the left, above.
Another three-bedroom house has the
living and dining space combined for
thorough circulation of air. In this house,
however, the dining space is in an alcove
at one side. The bedroom wing has two
small and one large bedrooms and two
baths. The kitchen can be reached from
the car-port. The car-port and the cov-
ered service area are somewhat larger
than in earlier types.
Quarters in the four-bedroom group are
a modification of the three-bedroom
"breezeway" houses recently built in
Diablo.
Some innovations, such as the use of
natural-finished native woods, for exposed
ceilings in living rooms and other suitable
spaces, and the possible use of some cer-
amic materials are proposed.
Canal Zone housing, the designers point
out, is too often thought of only in terms
of arrangement, size, and appearance of
rooms.
These are, of course, the ultimate object
of the designs, but costs cannot be ignored
especially since in any housing project
these costs are reflected eventually in
rents paid by the individual occupying
the quarters.
In some of the new houses, the design-
ers have reduced the area to keep rentals
within the financial limits of the average
Canal Zone employee.
Several of the newly approved quarters
have been reduced in size for this reason.
This is particularly true of some of the
three-bedroom types and special thought
has been given to providing some "min-
imum-standard" houses to fit the needs
of the younger employees living on a re-
stricted budget with younger, growing
families.
FLUORIDATION OF C. Z. WATER
Continued from page 1) device consists
of a drum holder, mounted on a horizontal
rotating axis inside a small, dust-proof
cabinet, equipped with sprays to wash all
material adhering to the container and
the inside of the cabinet into the main
solution tank.
The proposal to add fluoride to the
local water supply has been recommended
by medical authorities and dental organi-
zations in both the Canal Zone and Pan-
ama, and has received the endorsement
of the Government of Panama.
A continually increasing number of
cities in the United States have fluori-
dated their water supplies—the number
last January was estimated at 65—andthe process has been recommended by
leading national, state, and municipal
dental and health associations.
The immediate objective of the fluori-
dation is the partial control of dental
decay, especially in children who receive
the "greatest benefits of fluoridation in
their early years. This benefit is believed
to continue for life once it is received in
early childhood.
The fluoridation does not affect the
taste, odor, color, or clearness of the
water supply.
November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW
Office Management
Course At College
Draws 39 Isthmians
Twenty-three employees of the PanamaCanal Company are being trained in
office management in a 17-week course
which is being given at the Canal Zone
Junior College. The Canal employees are
a majority of the 39 students who enrolled
for the 34-hour course.
Statistics compiled by Richard R. Saul,
of the Accounting Policies Division, Office
of the Comptroller for the U. S. ArmyCaribbean, instructor for the course, showthat the Canal Company enrollees predom-
inate in the middle-age bracket of the stu-
dents taking the office management course.
The main objective of the course is to
give an over-all view of the entire field
of office management, with the idea that
those taking the course will develop
enough interest in their own special fields
to continue in further specialization.
Mr. Saul is conducting the course in
the forum-seminar type of teaching, to
bring forward as much class discussion as
possible.
He plans to use such visual aids as flow
and distribution charts and task analyses
and will bring in outside speakers whenit is possible.
During the 17 weeks the course is in
progress the students will cover such sub-
jects as: forms and form designs, worksimplification, organization, administra-
tion and management, office layouts, busi-
ness machines, and work measurements
and supervision.
Meets Twice Weekly
The class is meeting twice weekly,
Monday and Thursday evenings, at the
Junior College building in Balboa.
Ten of the Canal Company's employee-
students are between 30 and 40 years of
age, 12 are in the 40-50 year age bracket,
and the other is over 50.
Daytimes they work in the Health,
Personnel, or Finance Bureaus, the Store-
houses, Terminals, Electrical, Locks, or
Housing Divisions, the Records or the
License Sections.
Taking the class as a whole, 10 of the
students are women. Seven of the 39 are
from the Air Force, one from the Navy,three from the Army, one working in pri-
vate business in Cristobal, two employed
by private concerns in Panama City, one
employed by the Panama Government,
the 23 Panama Canal Company employees,
and one who is not presently working.
Two of the Panamanian and two of the
Air Force students as well as the unem-ployed student are under 20 years old.
Three Air Force students, the Navy stu-
dent, one of the Army pupils, and one of
the private business employees are be-
tween 20 and 30. Ten of the PanamaCanal Company, two of the Air Force
personnel, and one Panamanian are be-
tween 30 and 40; the other two Air Force
personnel and 12 of the remaining 13 Pan-
ama Canal Company employees are in
the next generation, and the last PanamaCanal Company employee is over 50.
Gatun Lake has an area of 163.38
square miles, with a shore line of 1,100
miles when the surface is at its normalelevation of 85 feet above sea level.
Pay Raises, Income Tax, HousesDiscussed At Employees Conference
No consideration is being given to
closing the Gamboa shops, GovernorF. K. Newcomer told the Governor-Employee Conference August 26. TheGovernor's statement came as an answerto a question raised by Walter Wagner of
the Central Labor Union-Metal TradesCouncil.
The conference, which lasted beyondthe usual adjournment time, took up sub-
jects which ranged from housing assign-
ments, the date on which employeeswould receive the pay increases recently
authorized by Congress, dispensaries,
fading license plates, post offices, com-missary prices, and the overall subject of
organization.
The first question, raised by RufusLovelady of the A. F. G. E., concerned
the date on which classified employeescould expect to receive the pay increases
voted by Congress last month. F. G.
Dunsmoor, Executive Assistant for the
Governor, told the conference that it is
hoped that the pay increases can be re-
flected in the period which began October
28 and for which payment is due on
November 20. Retroactive payments will
follow soon after.
Payment of the retroactive pay, how-ever, Mr. Dunsmoor said, presents addi-
tional difficulties, in that each employee's
back pay must be computed individually.
This is especially complicated for those
employees such as nurses and customs
inspectors who have performed night
work during the nine pay periods covered
by the retroactive clause of the pay legis-
lation. He added that this computation
could be simplified by computing ma-chines which, however, are held up in NewYork by the shipping strike.
As far as income tax on the retroactive
pay is concerned, with the tax increase to
be made effective November 1, Mr. Duns-moor said that income tax personnel here
have as yet received no instructions. If
the procedure to be followed is the sameas that of last year when a tax increase
was made effective toward the end of the
year, the tax for the entire year will be
fixed by a computation (See page 18)
A President Visits The Zone
FORTY-FIVE YEARS ago this month, a President of the United States took the unprecedentedstep of leaving the country. The visit was to the Canal Zone. Rain drenched the presidential partyfor three days but President Theodore Roosevelt covered the Canal Zone from end to end, stopping at
every town "along the line" and at every major project to see how things were going.
"It is without precedent for a President
to leave the United States, but this is a
work without precedent, "President Theo-
dore Roosevelt told the men who werebuilding the Panama Canal 45 years ago
this month.
"You are doing the biggest thing of this
kind that has ever been done."
Plans for the President's visit in No-vember 1906 began as early as June of
that year, as soon as it was definite that
the visit would be made. All during the
summer, Isthmian Canal officials con-
ferred among themselves and with repre-
sentatives of the new Republic of Pan-ama, and, by mid-September, had a ten-
tative schedule mapped out.
A major problem was a place of lodging
for the Presidential party. The Tivoli
Hotel was under construction, with its
completion date well beyond the week in
November when the President was ex-
pected. Finally it was determined that
at least one wing "could be furnished andotherwise fitted up in such a manner to
afford appropriate and adequate facilities
for the party's comfort and welfare," andthe alternate offer of an official house for
the Roosevelt party was declined.
On November 15 President Roosevelt
came ashore in the Canal Zone in a steady
rain which, for the next (See page 18)
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951
Travellers Return From South Seas
I
SOUTH SEA islanders have nothing on this Zone trio. Just back from the Marquesas and Society
Islands are Lee Rigby, 14, Richard Harris of the Communications Branch, and Lee's father, Edwin Rigby
of the Storehouses Division. Lee is wearing the grass skirt and what goes with it; Mr. Harris has on shell
beads and a South Sea "Panama," and Mr. Rigby sports his first mate's cap. The material they are holding
is a sarong in its natural form.
"Sure, I'd like to go back to Tahiti,"
14-year-old Lee Rigby of Amador Road
in Balboa told The Panama Canal Re-
view. "It's cool there."
With his father, Edwin, of the Division
of Storehouses, Richard Harris of the
Electrical Division's Communications
Branch, and John McDaniel of the Canal
Zone police force, Lee sailed from Balboa
May 21 on the 72-foot ketch Palmosa.
Lee was signed on, according to the
yacht's papers, as a "cabin buoy," his
father as first mate (he did the cooking,
too) while the other two were able sea-
men. Later, after Lee had climbed 40
feet into the rigging to rescue a halyard
which was about to be carried away in a
squall, he was promoted to able seaman.
Except for the first part of the trip in
the Bay of Panama the weather was good
all the way to the Marquesas Islands,
which they reached July 13. The early
part of the voyage, however, was unpleas-
ant enough to make up for the later per-
fect weather. The yacht was beset by
rain squalls and storms for the entire first
week out, and the Palmosa did not sight
the Galapagos Islands until 27 days after
it cleared Balboa.
The Palmosa did not stop at the Gala-
pagos but swung west toward the Mar-quesas, crossing the Equator three times
en route as she tacked back and forth.
Whales were fairly frequent sights along
the trip, one of them coming within 40
feet of the yacht and giving rise to someapprehension that it might overturn the
comparatively small craft. The yachts-
men had several meals of dolphin which
Lee snagged by catching them in the side
with a hook tossed oxer the Palmosa s rail.
The yachtsmen reached Nukuhiva,
capital of the Marquesas, on July 13.
eight weeks after they had left Balboa,
The island was making final preparations
for the celebration of Bastille Day the fol-
lowing day. For the celebration, the
Palmosa group were the guests of the
island's Administrator.
After six days in the Marquesas, the
Pahnosa moved on to Papeete, the capi-
tal of the Society Islands. Arriving there
July 27, the yachting party found that
the July 14 Bastille Day celebration was
still going on.
Mr. McDaniel continued on with the
Palmosa, which is owned and skippered
by Captain Henry V. Hudson, a retired
British Naval officer, but the other three
waited in Papeete for the French Line's
Sagittaire for their homeward passage.
They loaded up with grass skirts,
parens (the same things Dorothy La-
C. Z. Hobby Groups Urged to
'Register' with New Employees
Hobby groups and similar organiza-
tions in the Canal Zone have been urged
to provide information concerning them-
selves for distribution among newly-
arrived U. S.-rate employees, in order
that the new arrivals may associate them-
selves easily with Isthmians of longer
standing who are interested in pastimes
similar to their own.
The information is to be included in a
"List of Organizations"—churches, fra-
ternal groups, social organizations, and
the like—to be issued to each new U. S.-
rate employee at the time of employment
processing in the Personnel Bureau.
Officers of all such employee groups are
invited to provide their organizations'
proper names, addresses, and telephone
numbers for the list by telephoning Em-ployee Relations, 2-1525, during business
hours.
It is hoped that all phases of organized
hobby and pastime activity represented
in the Canal Zone will be represented by
the time the list goes to the printer.
A few such organizations are: The C. Z.
Natural History Society, Orchid Society,
and the stamps and photo groups.
mour wears as sarongs), beads, hats of
palm leaves, grass mats, and other South
Pacific curios.
Mr. Rigby, who had drawn the mid-
watch on the Palmosa was tired out and
thin when the yacht reached the Society
Islands, but after several days rest he
began to regain his lost weight and more.
Yachting, the Zonians agree, is the way
to spend a vacation. Like Lee, they are
all ready to go again, somewhere.
Young Zonian Gets Ham License
THREE OF A KIND: When Carol Louise Combs, 13, was awarded her "ham" radio license on
i Ictober 1-'. she liecame the third licensed operator in her family. Her parents, Mr. and Mr3. Prentiss
Combs of Balboa, shown here iwith Carol in their radio "shack," have been licensed since 1949. Carol
is the youngest "ham" on the Isthmus.
< letting a license to operate a "ham"radio is not an easy task for a grown-up
and it's understandably harder for a
young lady who is just getting into her
'teens. But 13-year-old Carol Louise
Combs of Calabash Street in Balboa madethe grade and is now the youngest opera-
tor in the Canal Zone. She is also the
third member of her family to chalk up
a "first."
Her mother, Angela, became the first
woman "ham" on the Canal Zone whenshe received her license in July 1949, just
a month after Carol's father, Prentiss C.
Combs, was awarded his license. The twolicenses made the Combs (See page it)
November 2,1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW
FOR YOURA
INTEREST ANDUMZ
GUIDANCEUL !£
CCIDENT PREVENTIONj
The Panama Canal Company-Canal Zone
Government experienced a frequency rate of
14 for the month of September as a result
of 40 disabling injuries and a man-hour
exposure of .'.821.01.5.
The Civil Affairs Bureat will receive
Honor Roll Award certificates for Best Rec-
ord for the month of September by virtue
of a Freouency Rate of Zero. Congratula-
tions to a four-time winner of this Awardthis year.
The following Divisions will receive
Honor Roll Award certificates for No Dis-
abling Injuries for the month of September:
Building, Municipal, Grounds Maintenance,
and a newcomer to the Honor Roll Fratern-
ity, the Commissary Division.
HONOR ROLLBureau Award For
BEST RECORDSeptember
CIVIL AFFAIRS
AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR
Civil Affairs 4
J ndustrial 3
Engineering and Construction 2
Health 1
Community Services 1
Supply and Service
Marine
Railroad and Terminals
Division Award For
NO DISABLING INJURIES
September
BUILDING DIVISION
MUNICIPAL DIVISION
COMMISSARY DIVISION
GROUNDS MAINTENANCE DIVISION
AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEARMotor Transportation 5
Electric al 4
Municipal 4
Grounds Maintenance 4
Railroad 3
Dredging 3
Sanitation 3
Storehouses _ 3
Locks 2
Clubhouses 2
Building 2
Commissary 1
Hospitalization and Clinics 1
Terminals
Navigation
We take this means to welcome two new
members to the Panama Canal Company-
Canal Zone Government Safety Board;
they are: Lt. Comdr. W. M. Vincent,
USN, representing the Industrial Director,
and Charles A. Dubbs, representing the
Personnel Director.
L. W. Chambers has been appointed to
the position of Acting Safety Inspector,
Locks Division, made vacant by the resig-
nation of Jack F. Paterson.
Max R. Hart has been appointed to the
position of Safety Inspector, Motor Trans-
portation Division and Division of Store-
houses, made vacant by the resignation of
E. F. Ryan.
UNLABELED POISONLURKS IN HOMESAS CHILD DANGER
Paint thinners and removers—most
are harmful if swallowed, including linseed
oil, tung oil, turpentine, banana oil, acetone,
alcohol, benzine, and others.
Extracts and flavorings—the strong al-
coholic solutions make these dangerous,
although oil of wintergreen and oil of pep-
permint are basically poisonous.
Antiseptics and disinfectants—these
include tincture of iodine, cresol prepara-
tions (usually sold under a trade name),
phenol or carbolic acid, bichloride of mer-
cury, ammonia ted mercury, potassium per-
manganate, hydrogen peroxide, etc.
Laxatives and cough syrups—not all
are harmful, but to be safe they should never
be left within the reach of children.
Alcohols — beverages, rubbing com-
pounds, and special substances such as
adhesive tape removers are dangerous.
The skull-and-crossbones on the iodine
bottle has become a familiar symbol of
danger in most households, but there are
many unlabeled poison killers in every home
that are commonly thought to be harmless.
A few of these common household sub-
stances which have claimed many lives,
principally among children because they are
not always repelled by an objectionable
taste or odor, are as follows:
Kerosene—one of the commonest causes
of poison deaths among children.
Sleeping tablets—usually contain a de-
rivative of barbituric acid, and in sufficient
Quantity can be fatal.
Rat, bug, and fungus poisons—such
poisons usually contain highly dangerous
chemicals.
CLEANERS CALLED RISKCaustic cleaners—ammonia, lye, wash-
ing soda, and trisodium phosphate cause
dangerous membrane burns when taken in-
ternally.
American workers were saler in 1950, the
National Safety Council reports.
Industrial injury tates for last year, re-
leased by the Council in advance of the 1951
edition of its statistical yearbook, Accident
Facts, show a substantial reduction in both
the frequency and severity of 1950 accidents
as compared with 1949.
Twenty-nine of the 40 basic industry
classifications reduced their frequency rates,
and 23 reduced severity rates.
RATE DOWN 8 PERCENT
The accident frequency rate for employees
in all industries submitting company reports
to the Council, based on the number of dis-
abling injuries per 1,000,000 man-hours, was
9.3 in 1950—a redtiction of 8 percent from
the year before.
The accident severity rate for all indus-
tries reporting to the Council, based on the
number of days lost per 1,000 man-hours,
was .94 last year—also a reduction of 8 per-
cent from 1949.
SEPTEMBER 1951
Civil Affairs Bureau
Community Services Bureau
Supply and Service Bureau
Engineering and Construction Bureau
Panama Canal Co. C. Z. Gov't This month)
Panama Canal Co. C. Z. Gov't (1951 to Dale)
Panama Canal Co. C. Z. Gov't (Best Year)
Health Bureau
Marine Bureau
Industrial Bureau
Railroad and Terminals Bureau
Disabling Injuries per 1,000,000 Man-Hours Worked
(Frequency Rate)
4
5
5
It
it;
17
18
19
20
33
^M^H—l^^^^"^^^^'M^^m:i
IHH^
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10 20 30 40 50 60 703
Number of Disabling Injuries 40 Man-Hours Worked 2,821,913
LEGEND
' ' Amount Better Than Panama Canal Company—Canal Zone Government Best Year
==EI Amount Worse Than Panama Canal Company—Canal Zone Government Best Year
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951
THE PERMANENT collection of the Canal Zone Museum has recently
been increased by the addition of the model, above, of old Ancon Hospital.
Its origin has been lost with the years, but long-time employees of Gorgas
Canal Zone Museum
—A Progress Report
The Canal Zone Museum, now in its
second year and growing fast, occupies
the first-floor lobby of the Civil Affairs
Building and overflows into the rotunda
overlooking the Air Field. The original
collection, the property of The PanamaCanal for many years, was transferred
from the Administration Building late in
1950. It included beautiful scale models
of Canal construction equipment—sea-going dredges, a locomotive and tender,
a track shifter and flatcars; many relics
from the French Company; and several
items, including a ruler and level which
were the property of G. M. Totten, Chief
Engineer of the Panama Railroad Com-pany in 1855. These articles plus the 24-
foot foam rubber relief map of the Canal,
which was prepared under the direction
of the Special Engineering Division,
formed the nucleus of the collection.
Late in 1950 several cases of stuffed
local animals and birds were moved from
the La Boca Occupational High School,
where they had been stored for manyyears, for addition to the Museum. After
careful selection, treating, and rearrang-
ing, the best preserved specimens were
placed in glass exhibit cases in the Civil
Affairs Building lobby. Both Dr. James
Zetek and Dr. Graham Bell Fairchild,
well-known scientists on the Isthmus, as
well as several other enthusiasts, visited
the collection and helped the Library
Staff in its choice of scientific and local
names for the animals.
Many Donations From Patrons
Soon gifts from interested patrons aug-
mented the collection. As rapidly as
suitable exhibit cases could be prepared
for them, or suitable table stands be
made, these were added to the displays.
These gifts included a collection of arti-
facts and ceramics from the Venado Beach
area; an American flag used during Con-
struction days; native water jars and filt-
ers; a Belgian percussion double-barreled
pistol manufactured about 1850 and
found in a cave at Fort San Lorenzo; a
collection of shells, fossils, and minerals
of this area; a scale model of Ancon Hos-
pital; a relief map of the Canal Zone as
it appeared in 1906; another of the Gatun
Hospital recall that the model was displayed for many years in the hospital's
library, until the library became crowded and the model was removed to makewav for technical books. The model was reconditioned by students in La Boca.
Lake watershed; a collection from the
San Bias Islands; relics from the renova-
tion of the White House, Washington;
cannon balls found near Las Cruces ceme-
tery; and three rifles used in Panama'sRevolution for Independence.
Patron-donors include: The PanamaCanal Society of Florida; the Commission
on Renovation of the Executive Mansion,
The White House, Washington; the Pan-
ama Society for Advancement of Archae-
ology and Natural Sciences; Maj. Gen.
George W. Rice, Health Director; Philip
L. Dade; Fritz Marti; B. T. Carr; Miss
Dora Ponevacs; James L. Price; Mrs.
Donald T. Baker; John Gough, and others.
Items still under repair, or awaiting
completion of suitable display cases, in-
clude a large stone metate presented to
the Museum by Ernst Erbe on his retire-
ment; a relief map of Venezuela presented
to the Library-Museum by the Inter-
American Geodetic Survey; a collection
of articles from the Darien, including a
nine-foot blow gun, an indefinite loan
from James L. Price; and a Balboa Base-
ball League loving cup presented to A. C.
Garlington, pitcher, 1917-18, sent to
the Museum by Mr. Garlington's co-
workers in the Electrical Division.
These items, which for the most part
are awaiting the conversion of one of the
large lobby benches into an exhibit case,
will be placed on display within the next
few weeks. Under present plans, three of
these massive benches will be made into
cases. The sides as well as the bases,
which house outlets for the air condition-
ing system, are of wood, while locked
sliding glass doors will protect museumarticles from dust and careless handling.
Temporary Exhibits Give Variety
One lighted exhibit case and two glass-
doored mahogany shelves are used by the
Library staff for constantly changing ex-
hibits. They house temporarily materials
from the Library's Panama Collection, as
well as other rare books and maps, andare planned for highlighting the manyloans which the Library receives from in-
terested patrons, who do not wish for
personal reasons to present their treasures
to the Museum permanently but are
eager to share them for a time. The mostrecent displays have been a group of
photographs of early hospital days lent
by Mrs. V. F. Jacobs and the current
display which includes a pass from Mr.
and Mrs. George Lowe from General
Goethals "on S. S. Advance to test the
Canal," on August 9, 1914, as well as
early Canal employee's metal check iden-
tifications, Society of the Chagres memen-tos, and a Roosevelt Medal, sent to the
Museum by Jack E. Pearson of Gatun.
The glass-doored display shelves in the
left wing of the lobby now are showing a
group of reproductions from famous art-
ists which were given to the Library
recently by Christopher C. Bennett.
Work For The Future
There is still much work to be done.
The brief descriptive notes included with
each article in the permanent MuseumCollection are to be expanded eventually
to include a short history of each Con-
struction item, and its significance in the
long job of building the Canal. This
work, which must be done by the Li-
brary's research specialists, is necessarily
long and must be worked in with other
duties. A large plaster-of-paris relief mapshowing the plan of the projected Canal,
made in 1909, which had been gathering
dust in the old License Bureau Building
on the Prado, has now been washed clean,
but must be mended with plaster and re-
painted with oil paint in the newly-
mended spots. This work will be done
by the members of the Library Staff on
week ends, when they may put on old
clothes and be repairmen for a while.
Among the many who have visited the
young museum during the past year are
groups of students from the Canal Zone
schools and from the neighboring Repub-
lic of Panama, visitors, new employees
who find that the large relief map assists
them in their early orientation, and hun-
dreds of Zonians who long have showninterest in the history of the Isthmus. As
a supplementary service the Library has
prepared for free distribution a mimeo-
graphed annotated list of about 25 selec-
ted titles from the Library's PanamaCollection which best cover the history
of the Canal and of the Isthmus. This is
available at the Library's Circulation
Desk in the second-floor reading room.
The Canal Zone Museum, together
with the Library, a function of the Civil
Affairs Bureau, is under the direction of
the Canal Zone Librarian, who is avail-
able at any time during working hours
for consultation concerning possible gifts
to the Museum.
November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW
Official
Panama Canal Company Publication
Published Monthly at
BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE
Printed by the Panama Canal Pres$
Mount Hope, Canal Zone
F. K. NEWCOMERGovernor
HERBERT D. VOGELLieutenant Governor
E. C. LOMBARDExecutive Secretary
J. RUFUS HARDYEditor
LETTERS TO THE EDITORLetters containing inquiries, sugges-
tions, criticisms or opinions of a generalnature will be accepted. In all casespossible, letters to The Review will beanswered individually. Those of suffi-
cient general interest will be publishedin this paper. Letters must be authen-tic and be signed although signatureswill not be published unless requestedand names of authors will be kept con-fidential. Return address should begiven but The Review will not under-take to return correspondence of anynature.
SUBSCRIPTIONSYearly subscriptions to The
Panama Canal Review to any
address in the Postal Union:
$1.00
Postal money orders should be
made payable to the Treasurer, Pan-
ama Canal Company, and mailed
to the Editor, The Panama CanalReview, Balboa Heights, C. Z.
SINGLE COPIESThe Panama Canal Review is on
sale at all Panama Canal CompanyClubhouses, Commissaries, and
Hotels for ten days after publication
date for:
5 Cents a CopySingle copies after the close of
general sales and individual copies
by mail
:
10 Cents Each
Back copies of The Review, when
available, may be bought from the
Vault Clerk, Third Floor, Adminis-
tration Building, Balboa Heights,
Canal Zone. No copies of the first
issue are available for sale.
SPECIAL BINDERSfor the
PANAMA CANAL REVIEWare available at the larger
Commissaries and Clubhouses
for
50 cts. EACHSpecially made binders of genuine
leather mav be ordered direct fromthe Panama Canal Press for $7.00
each, and imitation leather bindersmay be ordered direct from the Pressfor $2.50. Both of the special kindsof binders come with your nameimprinted in gold leaf.
NEW EMPLOYEES, and older ones, too, are all benefiting from a new manual ofjjnformation,
Living and Working in the Canal Zone, which has been prepared by the Personnel Bureau in coopera-
tion with other offices of the Panama Canal Company and Canal Zone Government. Edward A. Doolan,
Personnel Director, and Charles A. Dubbs, Training Officer, look over one of the second printing, in the
hands of E. C. Cotton of the Panama Canal Press where the booklet was published.
Sailing schedules of the three Pan-ama Line ships were upset by theunauthorized longshoreman's strike
which tied up New York harbor late
last month.The SS "Panama" was delayed five
days in her sailing from New York,finally leaving on October 22 with 70
passengers and practically no cargoaboard. The advance passenger list
indicated that 113 persons were to havesailed.
Northbound sailingof the SS"Ancon"was also delayed, this ship leaving Cris-
tobal northbound on October 21, twodays late. At the time of sailing, herdestination was indefinite, with plansmade to put her into Philadelphia,Norfolk or Baltimore if the strike wasstill in effect in New York. But withthe spread southward of the strike, this
plan was abandoned and the ship putinto Charleston, S.C., to discharge pas-
sengers, mail, and bananas.
The SS "Cristobal" meanwhile, washeld at her berth in New York. Shehad arrived two days after the strike
broke out.
Pay raises have been made effective, or
will be within the near future, for practi-
cally all employees of the Panama Canal
Company and the Canal Zone Government.Zonians, however, will be affected by the
higher income tax rates, which according to
recent legislation, are effective November 1.
Just prior to its adjournment October 20,
Congress voted a 10 percent increase, with
a $300 floor and an $800 ceiling, for classi-
fied employees, of whom approximately
2.000 are in the Company-Government serv-
ice. Another bill brought a similar raise for
postal employees and a third provided sim-
ilar increases for policemen, firemen, andteachers. All of these raises are retroactive
to July 1.
On October 14, following the quarterly
review of crafts rates in the Canal organiza-
tion, based on naval shipyard rates, in-
creases of from one to six cents an hour
were put into effect. There are about
1,200 crafts employees in the organization.
On November 4, pay raises of two cents
an hour go into effect for about 14,000 local
rate employees. Corresponding increases
will be made for those not in the graded
wage scale, such as teachers, deckhands, andboatswains. The new local-rate pay scale
will range from a minimum of 33 cents to a
top of $1.47 per hour. The new pay raises
have no relation to within-grade promotions
made annually for local rate workers.
The use of cash was extended Novem-ber 1 to three more Panama Canal com-missaries: Gatun, Cocoli, and PedroMiguel.
All commissaries eventually will goon the cash system, the dates of thechange-overs depending on the arrival
of the necessary cash registers.
Ancon commissary has been operat-
ing on a cash system since last March.Cash has been used in the Curunducommissary since June.
Members of organized employee groups
on the Canal Zone are planning a gala wel-
come this month for Representative Daniel
A. Reed of New York, sponsor of the ReedBill which killed retroactive income tax for
the Canal Zone.The Congressman and his wife are due
November 26 for an 18-day visit to the
Canal Zone.A member of the Congress since 1918,
Representative Reed is the ranking Repub-lican member of the House Ways and MeansCommittee. It is estimated that the ReedBill saved Canal employees at least
$2,750,000 in back taxes.
Two changes have been made in rent-
als for Company quarters. Rental in-
creasesfornon-employee tenants, whichwere to have gone into effect November1, have been deferred to an indefinite
date.Rental rates for quarters occupied by
Company or Government employeeswill be computed to the nearest centinstead of to the nearest 50 cents up-ward when rent is collected on a weeklybasis beginning with paychecks to bereceived November 6.
Non-residents of the Pacific side, visiting
Balboa Heights for the first time in a couple
of months, will find a vacant space up the
hill from the Administration Building.
Razing of the two official houses whichstood in this location for 36 years is practi-
cally completed. Both of the old houses hadbeen brought in from Culebra and for morethan 25 years one was assigned to the Exec-utive Secretary and the other to the Chief
Quartermaster. The most recent occupantsof the two houses were Edward N. Stokes,
Railroad and Terminals Director, andArnold Bruckner, Finance Director.
The cleared area will be occupied by newofficial quarters.
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951
Canal's Motor Transportation DivisionReplacing Worn-Out Official Vehicles
An. \ chicle replacement pro-
gram is under way in the Panama Canal
Company's Motor Transportation Divi-
sion, but the resultant change will be al-
most unnoticed by the average Zonian.
If funds are approved as they are nowset up, the MTD's fleet of approximately
800 vehicles within three to four years will
be "up to standard and of the proper aver-
age age, as is the practice in commercial
companies in the United States," accord-
ing to B. I. Everson, Superintendent of
the Division.
The replacement program began in the
fiscal year 1950, with the expenditure of
$225,000 to replace over-age vehicles. In
1951, $325,000 was allocated for new ve-
hicles and the last of the vehicles purchased
under this requisition has only recently
been received on the Isthmus.
During the current fiscal year, the
Motor Transportation Division will re-
ceive 73 new vehicles at a total cost of
about $200,000.
Among the vehicles on order for this
year are six sedans, which most people
consider the only type of official cars in
use, three cablesplicers, 24 pickups, a spe-
cial surveyor vehicle, and two of the huge
garbage load packers, which cost over
$12,000 apiece, as well as other assorted
vehicles for various purposes.
Bureau of the Budget requirements,
Mr. Everson explained, call for retirement
of the smaller vehicles, such as the sedans,
when they are six years old or have run
60,000 miles. Large and heavier vehicles
may be operated six to ten or more years,
provided they are in good condition.
There is a longer life-span for less fre-
quently-used vehicles and a much shorter
period for the heavily used cars.
The Port Captain's station wagons,
which make at least two round trips
across the Isthmus nightly, have a usable
life of only about three years.
"Owns" All Official Vehicles
With the exception of Police and Fire
Division vehicles, Health Bureau ambu-lances and hearses, and a few special pur-
pose vehicles (heavy cranes, etc.) used byother Divisions, every official vehicle used
by the Panama Canal Company and the
Canal Zone Government "belongs" to the
Motor Transportation Division.
This MTD motor fleet is "rented" out
to the divisions needing such transporta-
tion, on an hourly, monthly, mileage, or
actual cost plus overhead basis, with or
without chauffeur, as the situation re-
quires, on established tariff rates which
are reviewed and revised from time to time.
There are now more of these MTDspecial-purpose vehicles in service than
ever before on the Canal Zone, Mr. Ever-
son pointed out the other day.
"It is the practice of the Motor Trans-
portation Division," he said, "to purchase
and operate the best type of equipmentfor each job, as far as is reasonable and
proper. At present, special type vehicles
are used for garbage collection, wrecking
service, trash collection, etc.
"The Electrical Division is now sup-
plied with special-duty trucks for the use
of their linemen and cablesplicers andplans call for special type trucks for tele-
phone repairmen. Special purpose vehi-
cles have recently been assigned to the
Municipal Division for their engineering
and surveying parties."
Until recent years, the Motor Trans-
portation Division had no funds, other
than those accumulated from "deprecia-
tion accruals," with which to replace
over-age vehicles in the motor fleet. As a
result many of the vehicles still operating
are long past their economical age.
Inflation Jumps Prices
This replacement through accrued de-
preciation worked satisfactorily in normal
times, but not in periods of inflation. Ofrecent years, the MTD has found that a
vehicle would build up depreciation funds
totaling $1,000, which equalled the origi-
nal purchase price. But when time cameto replace the vehicle in question, the pur-
chase price had jumped over 100 percent.
Now, under the reorganization, funds
can be made available by the Company'sBoard of Directors, to make up this gapbetween the funds accrued and the pur-
chase cost of the new vehicles.
Since July 1949 a program of preven-
tive maintenance has been in effect at the
MTD. Vehicles which have been used for
approximately two years are removedfrom service and given a thorough engine
overhaul, a brake overhaul, and necessary
body repairs.
As a result of this plan, Mr. Eversonsaid, the MTD fleet is now in better over-
all condition than for the past ten years.
The vehicles spend less time in the repair
shop and the number of pool, or standby,
vehicles has been reduced. The using
units benefit considerably and increase
efficient use of their transportation.
Mr. Everson has two major jobs which,
on the surface, are contradictory. ' His
MTD position requires that he keep
transportation operating. On the other
hand, he is Mileage Administrator, and as
such he must keep to a minimum the
mileage of the official vehicles, especially
on the Trans-Isthmian highway. The high-
way is used by such vehicles as tractor-
trucks which haul mash from breweries in
Panama City to the Mindi Dairy, by re-
frigerated trailers which make deliveries
from the Cold Storage plant at MountHope to the various line stores, and by a
number of other vehicles on more or less
regular runs.
Organized in 1921, the Motor Trans-
portation Division was originally called
the "Animal and Motor Transportation
Division." That is why the two main
shops are commonly known as "corrals."
Force Totals 537 Employees
The Division is now part of the Supply
and Service Bureau. It operates the two
large garages at Ancon, on Gaillard High-
way, and Mount Hope, not far from Silver
City. There are four other, smaller ga-
rages at Gamboa, Cocoli, Pedro Miguel,
and Gatun. In October of this year, the
Division's force totaled 537 employees, of
whom 133 were on the U. S.-rate rolls.
Of this latter group 60 were the chauf-
feurs who handle all of the Division's
heavy equipment.
Last August, 296 of the Motor Trans-
portation Division chauffeurs won awards
for driving one to five years without
accidents. A total of 3,760,176 miles was
driven without accident or conviction for
traffic violations. This averaged morethan 1 1 ,000 miles of safe driving for every
chauffeur in the Division.
Every Division has its heroes, sung and
unsung, and the Motor Transportation
Division has one to whom a monumentwas erected. This is the Richard T. Per-
rott Memorial, on Balboa Road just be-
low the Balboa Union Church. Perrott
was killed on a Sunday morning, Febru-
ary S, 1920, when the brakes on his ice-
truck gave way. The truck plunged downSan Pablo Street, out of control, and
Perrott ran it into a curb to keep from
striking a woman and three small children
who were on their way to Sunday school.
The memorial, on which a wreath is placed
each Decoration Day, was erected "bythe school children of this Communityand other friends."
-.iV '
T1IK OLD: Horsedrawn vehicles were an important part of the Animal and
Motor Transportation Division when it was set up. Stables were then as mucha part of the division's buildings as facilities for motor vehicles.
AND THE NEW: Thirty years have brought changes to the MTD. The
Animal part of its title has long since been dropped although the main shops like
Ancon (above) are still known familiarly to old and not so old timers as Corrals.
November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW
Teaching, Learning, Mean Busy Life
For Longtime C. Z. CabinetmakerEmile Benjamin doesn't have the first
penny he ever earned, but he does have
the first carpenter's tool he ever bought.
And he still uses that sturdy chisel he
purchased many years ago.
"Mr. Ben," as he is known to all of
his friends and his students at the LaBoca Junior and Senior High School—as
well as those who study cabinetmaking
with him in night classes—has one over-
whelming pride. Like all real craftsmen,
he values the tools of his trade over any-
thing else. He will lend any money he
may happen to have; his tools are never
lent to anyone.
His big, metal-bound tool box occupies
a place of honor, in a room which can be
locked, in the airy workshop under the
La Boca Junior High School. Many of
the tools he made himself.
One of his favorites is a screwdriver
with a handle of orange wood, from a tree
from a grove which once stood where the
Governor's house is now located. Other
items of special pride are beautifully-made
wooden planes. Some of them are for
molding, some for beading, and others for
special jobs.
Mr. Ben firmly believes that no one
ever knows enough about his trade and
he has managed to communicate some of
this belief to the 45 Senior and Junior
High School pupils and the 20 or so
adults he teaches.
Came To Zone In 1906
A good part of Mr. Ben's skill and en-
thusiasm he credits to his first teacher, a
Mr. Wellington from London, who migra-
ted to St. Lucia in the West Indies where
Mr. Ben was born August 11, 1887.
"The only thing he couldn't do," Mr.
Ben remarks, "was to put life into a
wooden bird he had carved and to makeit fly."
Mr. Ben had worked six years with his
British teacher when other Saint Lucians
returned from Panama with stories of the
building of a Canal. Mr. Ben paid his
own way to Panama on the Royal Mail
Packet Trent, and got a job at once,
building a hotel in Gorgona. This was
April 1906.
He could handle tools—that was what
he had worked six years to learn—but he
wanted to know how to care for them.
Under the tutelage of an American fore-
man and with the aid of instructions from
a nationally-known tool manufacturing
RETIREMENTSIN OCTOBER
Employees who retired at the end of
October, their birthplaces, titles, length of
service at retirement, and their future
addresses are:
Mrs. Anna J. Japs, Iowa, Cashier,
Commissary Division; 55 years and 6 days;
Canal Zone.Paul A. Pearson, Illinois, Guard Super-
visor, Dredging Division; 34 years, 1 month,and 9 days; St. Petersburg, Fla.
Capt. Samuel Roe, Indiana, Senior De-tective, Cristobal; 38 years, 8 months, and1 day; Canal Zone.Joseph A. Snyder, Pennsylvania, Elec-
trical Foreman, Cristobal; 16 years, 2
months, and 1 day; Livingston, N. J.
J. R. Williams, Indiana, GovernmentalSystems Accountant; 42 years, 5 months,and 17 days; St. Petersburg, Fla.
Robert T. Toone, Tennessee; Property
Officer, Administrative Branch; 32 years,
4 months, \5yi days; Texas.
EMILE BF.X.JAMIX
concern, he learned to sharpen saws
properly—but he used up three in the
process of learning
!
Later, Mr. Ben learned to read blue-
prints and diagrams and for five years,
with no grade under an 85, he took a
correspondence course in contracting and
building and engineering mathematics
and drafting. Since then he has com-
pleted a dozen extension courses, amongthem Educational Psychology and Teach-
ing Technique, at the La Boca Junior
College.
Before he went to the Schools Division
in 1933—he was on a three-month trial
and is still there—he had worked on about
every important carpentry job in the
Canal Zone. Woodwork in the Hotel
Tivoli dining room is his; so are the
beautiful balustrades on the staircases in
the Administration Building. He helped
with the carpentry at the Colon and Pan-
ama Railroad stations, the woodwork in
the Balboa commissary and the first con-
crete quarters in Balboa. He helped to
install, and later keep in repair, bowling
alleys from Balboa to Fort Sherman and
ran the sawmill for all the Fort Amadorbarracks.
Helped Rebuild Governor's House
One of his most interesting jobs wasthe re-erection of the Governor's house.
Once occupied by Colonel Goethals at
Culebra, the house was taken down in
sections which were moved by flat car
and muledrawn carts to its present loca-
tion in Balboa Heights. There it was re-
assembled, repaired, and put up.
Mr. Ben is prouder of the work done
by his students than of his own. "A good
many boys who studied here are holding
good jobs all over the Isthmus, many of
their jobs far more important than mine,"
he says. He has 14 twelfth-graders three
hours a day, 31 ninth-grade students an
hour a day, and about 20 working on
cabinetmaking in night school.
Recently they reconditioned the old
model of Ancon Hospital which is on
display at the Civil Affairs Building. This
job won a commendation from Col. Rich-
ardson Selee, Civil Affairs Director.
Mr. Ben is married and lives in PanamaCity. One of his sons, whom he himself
taught and then apprenticed to a crafts-
man in Panama, has a good job with the
Building Division
His free evenings Mr. Ben no longer
devotes to cabinetmaking as a hobby.
Occasionally some years ago, he used to
do a little private, after-hours work. Buthis days and evenings, too, are full now.
School teaching is a 24-hour job, Mr. Benfigures, what with planning ahead and
ordering materials. But it's all part of
the educational process and Mr. Ben con-
siders that he still has a lot to learn.
Anniversaries
Employees who observed important anni-
versaries in the United States Governmentservice during the month of October art'
listed alphabetically below. The number of
years includes all Government service, with
the Canal or other agencies. Those with
continuous Canal or Railroad service are
indicated by (*).
40 Years
George E. Matthew, Chief Hydrog-rapher, Meteorological and HydrographicBranch.
35 Years
Charles F. Stevens, Fire Lieutenant,
Pedro Miguel Station.
30 Years
William H. Casswell, Fire Captain,
Cristobal Station.
Kathleen T. Baxter, Teacher, AnconElementary School.
Clara E. Neville, Cleric-Stenographer,
Law Division.
August T. Schmidt, Administrative
Assistant, Supply and Service Bureau.
25 Years
Antonio Orsini, Surveying and Carto-
graphic Engineer (Supervisor), SurveysBranch.Archie W. French, Jr., Electrical Wel-
der, Building Division.
John T Dillon, Dipper Dredge Engineer,
Dredging Division.
Whitman P. Garrett, Policeman, GatunStation.
20 Years
Russell L. Gallaher, Accounting Clerk,
Municipal Division.
*Bernardine LI. Hanna, Teacher, AnconElementary School.
*Jeanne E. Brown, Teacher, Cristobal
High School.Florence A. Lamson, Teacher, Cristo-
tobal Elementary School.
*Cyrus W. Field, Master Shipfitter, In-
dustrial Bureau.James C. Slade, Plant Engineer, Com-
missary Division.
John C. Harrison, Chief Towboat Engi-
neer, Dredging Division.
Richard J. Koperski, Storekeeper, Div-
ision of Storehouses.Howard J. Shearer, Timekeeper, Motor
Transportation Division.
15 Years
William L. Brooks, Accounting Clerk,
Electrical Division.
Charles L. Green, Policeman, Cristobal
Station.
Frederick E. Knox, Foreman Carpenter,
Railroad Division.
Thorwald H. Forsstrom, Chief MarineDispatcher, Cristobal.
"Joseph H. Orr, Jr., Storekeeper, Divi-
sion of Storehouses.Cecilia E. Wensing, Nurse, Gorgas
Hospital.Ruth L. Turner, Library Assistant, Li-
brarv Section.
Mary W. Ewing, Payroll Clerk, FinanceBureau.Clement J. Genis, Commissary Mana-
ger, Margarita.
10 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951
Piloting Ships Through Panama CanalRequires Skillful, Precise Handling
strain on the towing locomotives wouldhave been too great and unnecessary wearand tear caused both to locomotive ma-chinery and wires.)
The Parismina was loaded with 68,000
stems of bananas, a bulky but not a
heavy cargo, and the water rushing fromthe lock culverts caused her to rock
slightly as she rose.
Radio Sets Provide Contact
While she was still moving up in the
chamber a handline was tossed aboard
and a portable radio receiving and send-
ing set was hauled from the lock wall to
the ship. This was to replace the radio
brought aboard earlier, which was not
working properly. These radios, operat-
ing on a special wave length, enable a
pilot to keep in touch with his dispatcher
and with other ships. Over them he can
receive orders if visibility is so bad he
cannot see the navigation signals.
At 10:45 the two forward towing loco-
motives—they tow, the center pair towor brake as the need be, and the last pair
brake—had reached the end of their run
along the two chambers, a signal wassounded on the Parismina's whistle, the
lines were cast off and the Parisminastarted the 0.85-mile crossing of Mira-
flores Lake.
The Dona Alicia, No. 4 northbound,
had been ordered into the Pedro Miguelwest chamber, so Captain Boyd, in an-
swer to the signal of the arrow, swung the
Parismina over to the lock's east cham-ber. Another half hour, more or less, and,
with a tricky and sudden south wind, he
started the Fruit ship into the 6.7-mile
long Cut, the narrowest stretch of the
Canal.
In the Cut, Captain Boyd held the
Parismina down to the prescribed six
knots, watching for the signals on the
three stations where sharp bends obscure
the view ahead. At each, however, he
found the cone and ball on the east yard-
arm, which meant that he could go ahead.
(At night a red light over a white one
would have been the proceed signal, andin heavy rain or fog he would have got-
ten the order by radio.)
"W" Means "Whistle"
Before the sharpest turns, great white-
painted "W's" have been set on the bank.
These mean "whistle," to warn any on-
coming ships. Meeting in the Cut is per-
mitted ships of ordinary size (not for
carriers, loaded oreships, or unusually
large vessels) but it is controlled so that
ships do not meet at the sharp bends.
No ship can overtake or pass another in
the length of the Cut.
CARRIERS LIKE the U. S. S. Randolph, above, have five pilots aboard when they transit the
Canal. The pilot-in-eharge remains on the ship's bridge; the others, one at each corner of the flignt-
deck. The two forward pilots help guide the carrier, which has very little clearance, into the locks; the
two aft pilots try to prevent her from scraping or touching as she leaves the lock chambers.
Telephones ring as early as 3:30 o'clock
some mornings for Panama Canal pilots.
The calls are the pilots' advance notice
that they are about to go to work.
Captain Robert F. Boyd was lucky oneday last month. His telephone didn't ring
until 6:30 o'clock. He would be picked
up in half an hour, the dispatcher told
him. He was to go to the outer anchoragewhere he would board the United Fruit
Company's Parismina, which was en
route from Seattle to New York. The7,067 gross ton ship, 455 feet in length,
was to go through the Canal and woulddock at Cristobal. The Parismina wouldbe No. 5 on the northbound schedule.
The sea "outside" was rough, and for a
time it looked as if boarding would have to
be done by tug. But the weather calmeddown and the pilot was able to boardfrom a launch. By 9:15 the sleek, white
ship was sliding through the Balboa basin.
There are a number of critical points
for any pilot on a transit through the
Canal; the sea side entrance of the first
lock, entering and leaving all locks, the
locks themselves, and the Cut. And the
reason is, in general, the same: currents.
When the sea-level lock gates at Mira-flores and Gatun are opened, salt sea
water tends to rush into the lock chamberand force the fresh water in the lock to
Both lock and channel pilots wereused when the Canal first opened butthis practice was discontinued after afew years. In May 1914, before theCanal was opened to traffic, enoughapplications were on hand to morethan fill the complement of 18 whichwas set up, and by the following montheight channel pilots were training. InOctober 1914, traffic had increased to
such a degree that the pilot force wasincreased to 24.
rush out. In addition the fresh water is
lighter than the sea water. This all tends
to set up a strong current in the jaws of
the lock and presents a handling problem
to even the most maneuverable vessel.
Suction Pulls Water Down
When a ship leaves the locks, suction
caused by the ship itself pulls water downfrom the sides of the locks as the ship
begins to move ahead. This forces the
ship's stern to "go for the wall" and care-
ful rudder and engine movements are
needed to keep the ship moving straight
ahead and off the wall. And in the nar-
rowest reaches of the Canal, especially in
the Cut, the moving ship pulls water
down from the bank and sets up hard-to-
deal-with currents.
As Captain Boyd and the Parisminaneared Miraflores, he gave the order to
stop the ship's engines. The officer onwatch sent the order to the engine roomvia the telegraph on the bridge, repeating
the order as he worked the telegraph.
Captain Boyd maneuvered the Fruit ship
up to the west chamber to which the big
arrow on the end of the approach wall
had directed him. At exactly 10:02 the
ship's bow slid past the arrow. This set
the official time for entering the locks
—
the time which was recorded in the ship's
log and on the board at the Balboa dis-
patcher's office.
As the Parismina is in the 350- 500-foot
class, she called for six locomotives, three
on each side. They were waiting on the
lock wall. Lines were tossed to the 13-
man Canal crew, which had gone aboardin the Balboa basin, and a hand signal
from the pilot after both bow wires wereaboard and the ship was partly in the
chamber indicated that the locomotives
could start to tow. (Going from onechamber to the next, this initial move is
aided by the ship's engines; otherwise the
For about five years after the Canal
opened, pilots were required to wearuniforms. The first ones were of creamcolored Palm Beach cloth, made like
a Navy uniform with a stiff, standing
collar fastened with hooks and eyes.
Brass buttons down the front of the
jacket bore the letters "C. P." and the
visored cap had an open wreath insig-
nia surrounding the word "Pilot." Nopilot in uniform was permitted to enter
a bar or any other place where liquor
was sold.
November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 11
Meeting ships head directly for each
other; a few hundred feet from the meet-
ing point each eases over to her starboard
side, the bow swings out sharply as the
ships pass and the stern keeps pulling
toward the bank. Each pilot must act
quickly to work his ship against currents
set up by his own and the other ship, in
addition to watching for the bank suction
which tends to pull the stern onto the
near bank.
The Parismina met two ships in the
Cut. One of them was another United
Fruit craft, the Hibueras, and each of the
Fruit ships set up a great greeting din
with its whistle.
A huge waterfall spilled down the east
bank of Empire Reach and on the west
bank hydraulic sluicing sent spray high
into the air.
Past Gamboa and into the channel,
which had widened to 500 feet, Captain
Boyd opened the Parismina up. In the
500-foot Gamboa Reach, a ship's speed
can be increased to as high as 10 knots;
in San Pablo Reach, beyond Gamboawhere the channel is 800 feet wide, the
speed can rise to 12 knots, and in the
1,000-foot-wide winding channel which
follows the old bed of the Chagres River
through Gatun Lake, Captain Boyd could
get up to 15 knots.
Pilots Don't Steer
People who have lived on the Isthmusfor years and who have seen countless
ships go through the Canal, still think
that a pilot actually handles the wheel of
the ship. He never touches it, as a wheels-
man cannot see enough of the ship to
handle her. Instead, the pilot gives his
orders to the able seaman or quarter-
master on duty. These men stand shifts
of two hours each at the wheel and each
repeats the pilot's order as it is given, to
prevent error.
An officer is also on duty in the wheel-
house and he answers the pilot's order for
engine movements as he rings these orders
to the engine room by the ship's telegraph.
The Parismina's bridge also had tele-
phone connections to the engine room.By Canal regulations, the ship's master,
in this case Captain Carl Christiansen,
remains on the bridge when his ship is in
the locks, the Cut, or when it is docking.
At 1:40 p. m., the Parismina eased
around the last bend in the crooked,
island-bordered channel through the
Lake, and Captain Boyd could see GatunLocks, still three miles ahead. For early
northbound ships, Gatun Locks are usu-
ally the bottleneck of the transit, just as
Pedro Miguel Locks are for the first of
the southbound vessels. Late-comersmaystill be locking up, and those completing
the transit must wait.
Captain Boyd and the Parismina were
moderately lucky. No. 3 northbound, a
lumber ship, was just pulling into the east
side of Gatun. The Dona Alicia, which
had been ahead of the Parismina all the
way through, was signalled into the west
chamber. Captain Boyd was reasonably
sure that the use of both sides at Gatunmeant that the southbound traffic had
cleared for the day and that the wait
would not be long.
Down Lockage Begins
Following instructions relayed by the
arrow signal, he brought the Parismina
up to the center approach wall and tied
her up. For the next 45 minutes he could
stretch out in a deck chair, the first time
he had been off his feet during the entire
transit. He had even eaten his lunch
from a tray, while he was standing.
Soon after 3:00 o'clock the preceding
ship's locomotives started back to pick
up the Fruit ship. Her engines were
started, her rudder thrown hard over to
bring her away from the lock wall and at
3:15 p. m. she began to move into the
first chamber. The 86-foot lockage down,
in the three chambers was uneventful and
took just 55 minutes. In the center cham-
ber, while the ship was dropping, the
pilot received, by handline from the lock
wall, his docking orders. They are writ-
ten to prevent any confusion—written in
numerals and letters, then spelled out:
He was to go to 6-C, or Six Charley.
Down the last stretch of the Canal the
Parismina moved into Limon Bay. About4:30 the tug Alhajuela, with her gaily-
shirted Master, came alongside and got
ready to assist her into her berth.
When the Parismina was only half a
length from the end of the pier, a small
harbor craft began to cut across her bow,between ship and pier. For a moment it
was touch-and-go. The boat showed nosign of turning from her path. Captain
Boyd ordered both the Parismina's en-
gines half speed astern and then, a second
later, full speed astern. He grabbed for
the whistle and blew three sharp blasts,
HAXD SIGNALS are most frequently used'by
Canal pilots as they direct a ship's transit. Experi-
enced travelers have expressed surprise at the little
conversation necessary between pilot and the lock or
dock personnel. But a megaphone, like that which
Pilot Robert Boyd is holding, comes in handy'. from
time to time.
TWO PILOTS are required for ships the size of the 712-foot Georgic, shown here in Gaillard Cut.
One pilot alone would not have sufficient risibility to handle a ship of this size and would exhaust himself
racing from side to side of its bridge. The Georgic is 27,468 gross tons and has a beam of 82 feet.
which said: "My engines are going full
astern." To a landlubber that meant
that he had the ship braked as much as
he could.
But the operator of the small craft
appeared to be completely oblivious to
the danger of being rammed by the Par-
ismina or ramming her. He continued on
his course, those aboard his boat waving
to the Fruit ship.
Half an hour too late for Captain Boydto catch the 4:30 train back to Balboa,
the Parismina was tied up and the pilot
had finished another transit. Dinner at
the Hotel Washington (pilots are allowed
$2 for dinner when they are on duty) anda trip back across the Isthmus by car
(two station wagons run; one at 7:30, the
other at midnight; later comers can spend
the rest of the night at the hotel but mostprefer to take a special car trip if trans-
portation is available) and the pilot washome by 9:00 o'clock. It had been a 15-
hour day, short in comparison with someand considerably shorter than during
locks overhaul when a transit may take
18 to 22 houi-s. Ordinarily pilots workonly alternate days; each has one certain
"no work" day each week.
Capt. Boyd Is Young Pilot
Captain Boyd is one of the youngest in
years, 2S, and in service, 2, of the Pan-ama Canal's 77 pilots. He served as
Third, Second, and Chief Officer in the
Army Transport Services during the war(part of the time he was aboard the Cris-
tobal) and as Third and Chief Officer of
the Cristobal after the war.
Like all applicants for jobs with the
Canal, he holds an unlimited master's
license and served for over a year as
master of the MV San Pablo, a small
Fruit ship which operated regularly
through the Canal for a time.
In his two years with the Canal, he has
made over 300 transits, (.See page 20)
12 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951
2%& £%& 2%$-
*fcr ^sf $t£
TIME IS FLYING!
We Are All Counting
The Days to Christmas
!
* *
Shopping will be a pleasure if you go to your favorite Clubhouse Record Section and browse
through our large selection of phonograph records. We have a wide choice of Christmas records,
as well as records for children and adults—from bedtime stories to swing and symphony. We
also have record storage albums that would make very suitable gifts. Your Christmas shopping
problems will be solved by giving phonograph records—a gift that will give lasting pleasure
throughout the year.
CHRISTMAS ALBUMS AVAILABLE
78, 45, 33-1/3 rpm
"Carols for Christmas"
"Merry Christmas" Bing Crosby
"Under the Christmas Tree"
by Jan Garber's Orchestra
"Christmas Greetings" Bing Crosby
"Carols" by St. Luke's Choristers
Ethel Smith, "Christmas Music"
"Night Before Christmas"
by Fibber McGee
"Twas the Night Before Christmas"
by Fred Waring's Orchestra
"A Visit from St. Nicholas"
"Christmas Cheer" Andrews Sisters
"Music for Christmastide"
by the Rome-Vatican Choir
"Christmas Favorites" by Vic Damoneand Frankie Lane
"Christmas Music and Stories"
by Two-Ton Baker
^ CjjR/S^
SINGLE RECORDS AVAILABLE
78 and 45 rpm
"Christmas Carols by the Old Corral,"
Tex Ritter
"Jingle Bells" J. Mercer
"Little Town of Bethlehem"
"Frosty the Snowman"
"Rudolph the Rednosed Reindeer"
Crosby "Christmas"
"Silent Night" Fred Waring
"The First Nowell" Fred Waring
"White Christmas" by Crosby, Cavallaro
and other artists
"Santa Claus is coming to Town"Bing Crosby
"Joy to the World"
"Hark, the Herald Angels Sing"
"Santa's Toy Shop"
"Night Before Christmas"
by Arthur Godfrey
"Hymns for Children"
Brahms "Lullaby"
"Mother Goose Songs"
AND HUNDREDS OF OTHERS BY ALL POPULAR ARTISTS!
PRICES RANGE FROM 25c. UPWARD
WHERE ELSE CAN YOU GET SO MUCH PLEASURE FOR SO LITTLE?
* *
Incidentally, if we don't have your favorite record, complete one of the Request Slips at a
Clubhouse Record Section, and we'll make every attempt to obtain the record for you.
We also have a fine selection of seasonal sheet music and song folios featuring new and old
Christmas hymns and popular music. If you have a piano, you'll want some of these to amuse
yourself and the children.
November 2,1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 13
BALBOA'S "BULLDOGS" are the largest and heaviest, per man, of the
Zone's school football squads. Twenty-six players have just returned from
Miami where they put up a good, if losing fight to Miami Jackson's unde-
feated team. Left to right above are: Back row: Tom Jenkins, Francis Boyd,
Andy Wright, Bill Riley, Frank Bryan, Dave Sundquist, Bob Carroll, BobMorris, Bill Elton, Cleveland Soper, Ronnie McDonnell, Carl Meissner, Bill
Altman, Charlie McConnell, Irwin Frank, Sam Maphis, Clair Godby, George
Dansby, Coach Paul Dreska; Middle row: Coach John Fawcett, Manager
• ." ~ *.*.. - .'
. .'/-
Jim Scogno, Jim Jones, Ray Nickisher, Dan Gresang, Everett Stacy, BobColeson, Jerry Fox, Joe Oliver, Jim Fulton, Jim May, Bob Peacher, Dick Dill-
man, Bob Glud, John Albritton, Tom Davidson, L. W. Hearn, Bill llnderwood,
Manager Bill Yerkes; Front row: Manager Ray Tucker, Jerry Halman, KenKnight, Bob Ranson, Dave Henderson, Ted Norrir, Bill Dawson, Charlie
Smith, Walt Benny, Bill Fullerton, Frank Smith, Bob Dolan, Marc McKee,Lambert Montovani, Lee Myers, Fred Cotton, Dick Ostrea; Sitting, MascotJeff Goodin.
t.' f • f f §- %' & °
Vy
''%*f *l*5 33.34 IB 13 II
COLLEGE'S "GREEN WAVE" is the smallest of the football squads.
For at least half of the players this year is their first at football. Left to right
they are: Front row: Charles Becktell, Alexander McKeown, James Neabrey,
Alfred Aleguas, George McArthur, Frank Robinson (Captain), William Ma-loney, Bob Sievers, Jess Kruse, Manuel Roy; Back row: Roger Hackett, Dean
of the Junior College, Paul Karst, Assistant Coach, Jack Alexaitis, Wendell
Spreadbury, Richard Hopiak, Arturo Cermelli, William Stevenson, Henry
Phillips, Nick Gnrham, Nick Stokes, Jack Morton, Elias Entebi, Ralph Huls,
Robert Mower, Coach. Not pictured are: Tom Crawford, Roy Hohmann,Felix Larrinaga, Luis Tremblay, and Anton Pedersen.
CRISTOBAL'S "FIGHTING TIGERS" are the proud wearers of their
school's Blue and Gold. Left to right, Back row: Roy Wilson, Vernon Bryant,
Robert Blakeley, Paul Whitlock, Benny Favorite, Richard Reed, Tommy Sal-
ter, Robert Bailey, Joe Katalina?, Walter Kuhrt, Tommy Hughes; Third row:
Head Coach Luke Palumbo, Leslie Rinehart, John Anderson, Robert Grace,
John Robinson, Jack Katalinas, Arnold Manning, Theodore Chin, RalphReccia, Francisco Wong, Robert Orvis, Assistant Coach Paul Moser; Second
row: Manager Robert De Estrada, Roland Lees, Charlie Thompson, Richard
Sasso, Tony Dyer, Carl Tuttle, Donald Ponder, Robert Salter, Clifton Hay-ward, John Roberts, Jimmy Custer, Manager Andy Frazer; Front row: Er-
nesto Penaranda, Robert Hodges, Kenneth Roscoe, Robert Connard, MascotDonald Humphreys, Antonio Collins, Bruce Sanders, Ted Englebright,
Will Price, Head Manager Jimmy Doyle.
14 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951
NEWS OF YOUR COMMISSARY STORES
The EGGand YOU
AN EGG is NOT just an egg, any more than a customer is
just a customer. Both come in many sizes and varieties.
Maybe you prefer the finest, largest eggs regardless of
price or maybe you believe the Commissaries should handle
smaller or lower quality eggs at a lower price.
To tell you about the eggs in the Commissary, what
quality they are, and why we buy them, we want to tell you
first about eggs generally.
Eggs are classed first as Specials, Extras, Standards,
Trades, Dirties, Checks, and Clots.
Then they are graded as "Consumer AA," "A," "B," or
"C," according to the percentage of specials, extras, stand-
ards, etc., in the lot.
These grades are based primarily on freshness. The fresh-
ness is determined by the over-all care with which the egg is
handled, not the amount of time from the day it is laid by a
hen in Missouri or Kentucky until it is purchased by the
consumer.
Eggs are also classified as "Extra Large" or "Jumbo,"
"Large," "Medium," or "Pullet" in size. A wholesale price
differential of 30 cents a dozen between pullet and large eggs
of the same quality is not unusual, and a differential of 10
cents to 15 cents a dozen is normal between storage and fresh
eggs of the same size and type.
THE EGGS YOU BUY IN THE COMMISSARY are
graded "Consumer Grade A, Fresh, Large."
These eggs are produced in specialized egg "factories" or
large cooperatives near New York City with the result that
they are less than two days old when delivered to the steam-
ship.
When you buy them at your local commissary, they are
well within the specifications for "fresh" eggs, are in excellent
condition, and have had special and careful handling at every
point in shipment. The Commissary Division has had no
storage eggs for several years.
Recently we have been able to buy on some occasions a
few hundred cases of imported fresh eggs which were sold at
70 to 75 cents a dozen. However, these eggs could not be
inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture as
the usual supply is, and the supply was limited, so the im-
ported eggs are not a very important part of the story about
the EGG and YOU.
The large size eggs now sold in the Commissaries sell for
95 cents a dozen, the medium size, 87 cents. Both are of
identical high quality.
WE BUY THESE EGGS BECAUSE they are the best
that can be purchased regularly in commercial quantities.
WE DO NOT BUY "Consumer AA" eggs or those of
"Extra Large" or "Jumbo" size because they are not available
in the quantities in which eggs are necessarily purchased by
the Commissary Division.
We think these eggs would cost too much to suit our cus-
tomers, anyway.
WE DO NOT BUY "just eggs," even though you might
pay less for them if we did, because we tried that once and
learned our lesson. Maybe you remember, too, the period in
which . . . . ?
We believe the "just eggs" of that period didn't please
you any more than they pleased us.
After the explanation, maybe you still believe the Com-
missary should handle bigger or better eggs, even if they cost
more, or "just eggs," which might cost less.
Undoubtedly, eggs, like everything else these days, cost
more than we would like to have extracted from the family
exchequer. In which case, we suggest that there may be
economizing possibilities in powdered whole eggs, which might
be used without breaking up the family circle.
Even if there is a former GI in the family, powdered eggs
might be used—and without serious repercussions—in mix-
tures such as pastries, meat loaf, codfish cakes, and puddings.
They also work up into beautiful appearing custards although
the flavor is not the same as in custards made with whole eggs.
Powdered whole eggs cost 44 cents for an eight-ounce tin,
which is the equivalent of one-and-a-half dozen whole fresh
eggs. That makes the cost about 30 cents per dozen.
Turkey Talk
TURKEYS, and plenty of them, are on hand in the Commissaries for
Thanksgiving dinners. Balboa butcher Castor Miller shows Mrs. RodgerGriffith one of the fine, big birds from his stock.
There will be plenty of turkey and trimmings in the com-
missaries this month for the traditional Thanksgiving Dayfeast.
About 25,000 pounds of turkey—something like 2,500
birds— have been ordered and started arriving about the first
of the month.
Included in this order are the high-quality eviscerated
turkeys which were popular with our customers last year.
The holiday turkeys in the commissaries are all from the
United States and are this year's crop and kill.
Then for the traditional trimmings, there will be the
Commissary specialties of brandy-flavored mincemeat and
pumpkin pie mix. Or, you can buy delicious pies already
baked in our Pastry Sections.
Other "trimmings" available for holiday tables will in-
clude olives, pickles, and relishes, celery and lettuce, fruit-
cakes, cheeses, mints, and candies and nuts.
November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 15
TOUR HEALTH(The Review begins this series with
Dr. Gilbert M. Stevenson, Chief of the
Department of Internal Medicine at Gor-
gas Hospital.)
There aren't many people on the Canal
Zone who don't know Dr. Gilbert Steven-
son—
"Dr. Steve" to many of them—in
person, by sight, or by reputation. Des-
pite a schedule which keeps him movingsteadily five and a half days each week
—
and not infrequently at night—he has
managed to get to know hundreds of
people on both sides of and from the
center of the Isthmus.
Because Gorgas Hospital is a teaching
hospital and because he is on its teaching
staff, he has the duties of instructor as
well as of physician and consultant.
As Chief of the Department of Internal
Medicine, Dr. Stevenson is responsible
for Wards 3, 4, 11, 12, 21, and 22, as
well as for the Pediatrics Service. Withone or more of his staff members he makesregularly scheduled rounds on each of the
wards, and every Tuesday morning meets
with his entire staff of 14 doctors.
On Wednesday afternoons he sits as a
member of the Tumor Board which con-
siders all cases in this field for diagnosis
and treatment. He conducts GrandRounds, at which a few cases are con-
sidered in great detail by the entire staff,
every Thursday morning, and always at-
tends a clinical session every Saturday
morning. At this session doctors in the
medical service discuss cases of special
interest. Working with Dr. Stevenson
are several men who have already madenames in their particular fields, and a
number of younger residents or interns
who have shown great promise.
Dr. Merrill C. Davenport is Assistant
Chief of the Department and Chief of the
section for white patients. Dr. Richard
T. James heads the section where the
cases of the colored patients are handled.
Dr. John R. Mitchell is Chief of the Pedi-
atrics Section, and Dr. Louis S. Leland
heads the Dermatology Section.
Four Residents, doctors who have com-pleted their internships and are serving
one to three years in a specialized field,
are assigned to the Medical Service. Theyare Dr. James B. Hampton, Senior Resi-
dent; Dr. Juan B. Martin, Resident, andDrs. M. C. Florine and Rodolfo V. Young,Assistant Residents. Six of the hospital's
17 interns work in the Medical Service as
part of their rotating internships.
Dr. Stevenson, who was born in Duluth,
Minn., came to the Canal Zone in 1927
immediately after his graduation from the
Medical School of the University of Min-nesota. Except for periods of post-grad-
uate training in Baltimore, Philadelphia,
and Ann Harbor, his service here has
been continuous.
He served his internship at Gorgas Hos-
pital and a residency at Panama Hospital,
under a number of men who themselves
had been trained at Gorgas. After duty
at several of the Canal Zone dispensaries,
he joined the full-time staff of Gorgas
Hospital in 1940. He was made Assistant
Chief of the Medical Service five years
later, and its Chief in 1948.
In 1947 he was certified as a specialist
by the American Board of Internal Med-icine. He is also a member of the Amer-ican Medical Association, a fellow of the
Dr. G. M. STEVENSON
American College of Physicians (with ex-
tra duty as Governor of the College for
the Canal Zone and Panama since 1942),
a member of the Association of Military
Surgeons, and a member of the AcademiaPanamena de Medicina y Cirugia.
Dr. and Mrs. Stevenson, the former
Nedelca Jude, who married in 1929, have
an 18-year-old son, William George, who is
a student at the Canal Zone Junior College.
Dr. Stevenson has always been proud
of Gorgas Hospital and the place it has
occupied in Canal Zone life. It has been
not only a facility where thousands of
patients have received excellent care, he
points out, but also a place where impor-
tant research has been done, as well as a
fine training place for young doctors.
YOUNG ZONIAN GETS HAM LICENSE
{Continued from page 4) the first husband
and wife radio team on the Canal Zone.
There are now others: Mr. and Mrs.
Nelson Magner, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Ler-
chen, Mr. and Mrs. George Dunlap, and
Col. and Mrs. Wayne Brewer.
To obtain her license Carol, who is a
freshman at Balboa High School, first had
to learn the International Morse Codeuntil she could copy and send at the
speed of approximately 15 words per
minute. She had to learn theory and dia-
grams in order to pass a written examina-
tion which covered radio theory in most
of its forms, including considerable math-
ematical problems concerning Ohm's Law—that the strength of an unvarying elec-
trical current is directly proportional to
the electromotive force and inversely pro-
portional to the resistence of the circuit.
She was also examined on Canal Zone
radio regulations.
Under the instruction of her father and
mother Carol studied all summer in the
radio "shack" under her family's quarters.
She took her examination early in Sep-
tember in the Army Signal Department's
office at Corozal and on October 12 was
awarded her license.
She had been waiting for word that she
had passed her examination and did not
know that her father had been informed
of her success and had picked up her
operating permit earlier that day. Byfour o'clock that afternoon she was almost
certain that she had failed and, woman-like, broke into tears when her mother
arrived from work at the Army's Civilian
Personnel Office and her parents together
presented her with her license.
Four days after her license was issued
Carol had talked to stations in the Canal
Zone, 18 of the United States, Panama,Japan, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina.
Her first contact was with E. C. Bar-
tholomew, who is Vice President of the
Austin National Bank in Austin, Texas,
and who operates station W5GQ. Through-
out the summer he had been urging Carol
to get her license and was so sure that
she would qualify that he had 1,000 cards
printed with her call letters, KZ5GQ, andmade a trip to the Canal Zone to deliver
her cards to her about a week before she
took her examination.
For the time being, Carol is operating
her family's station, a Globe Championtransmitter, running 200 watts on all
bands, and a Collins receiver.
Her father is building a transmitter for
code which he will install in her bedroombut she will be permitted to operate the
larger voice station whenever she likes.
OUR OUT-OF-DOORS
(.Editor's Note: the material for this
column has been prepared by Walter R.Lindsay, Chief of the Grounds MaintenanceDivision who is also in charge of the CanalZone Experimental Gardens.)
Many chemicals have been used to con-
trol ants, but one of the most effective
and economical used to date is Chlordane.
Unlike the chemical, carbon disulphide,
which has been effectively used in the past
to control leaf-cutting ants (atta sp.),
Chlordane is non-explosive and is safe for
use by even the most inexperienced
gardener.
Chlordane may be absorbed by insects
through their mouths, feet, and bodies.
Consequently the most economical use of
Chlordane for destroying leaf-cutting ants
has been found to spray the openings of
the nests with a small amount of the two-
percent solution.
Ants crawling over the sprayed areas
absorb toxic quantities through their feet.
They may also clean their feet and anten-
nae by running these structures through
their mouths and thus ingest a fatal
doseage.
The prolonged residual effect of Chlor-
dane makes it lethal to ants and manyother insects for days and sometimes
weeks. Thus, one application remains
lethal to successive hatchings of eggs.
An interesting sidelight of the home life
of the leaf-cutting ant is the fact that
they themselves do not eat the portions
of leaves, twigs, etc. that they so labori-
ously cut and carry into their well-venti-
lated underground caverns.
The leaves, twigs, and foliage are used
to culture a type of mushroom. The ants
in turn eat the mushrooms.
16 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS
From September 15 through October 15
The following list contain- the names oi
those employees who were translerred from
01 i\ ision fo another or from one type ol
work toanother. It does not contain within-
ns or regradings.
CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU
Mrs. Barbara K. Barlow, from Clerk-
Stenographer, Administrative Branch, to
Clerk-Stenographer, Police Division.
Mrs. Dorothy B. Longeway, from Kin
dergarten Assistant to Elementary School
Teacher, Division of Schools.
Raymond A. Taylor, from Postal Clerk-
to Postmaster (Gamboa), Postal, Customs,and Immigration Division.
Oliver L. Riesch, front Postmaster
(Gamboa) to Postal Clerk, Postal, Customs,and Immigration Division.
James A. Fiaser, Jr., from Apprentice
Electrician, Terminals Division, to Police-
man, Police Division.
Mrs. Grace M. Lindberg, from Clerk-
Stenographer, Audit Division, to Clerk-
Stenographer, Police Division.
Mrs. Mary E. Soper, Mrs. Nancy N.Cottrell, from Substitute Teacher to HighSchool Teacher, Division of Schools.
Ray B. Wells, from Payroll Clerk, Fi-
nance Bureau, to Clerk (Typist), Police
Division.
Donald R. Jones, from Postmaster (Cu-
rundu) to Postal Clerk, Postal, Customs,and Immigration Division.
Richard J. Salvato, Robert P. O'Con-nor, from Customs Guard to CustomsInspector, Postal, Customs, and Immigra-tion Division.
Robert H. Beecher, from Occupational
High School Teacher to Junior College In-
structor, Division of Schools.
COMMUNITY SERVICE BUREAU
Francis E. Reardon, from Clerk-Typist
to Clerk, Housing Division.
Mrs. Rebecca L. Hatten, from Tele-
phone Operator (Typist) to Clerk-Typist,
Housing Division.
P. Byrne Hutchings, from Assistant
Manager, Balboa Housing Office, to Mana-ger, Gamboa Housing Office, Housing Di-
vision.
Harry C. Egolf, from Manager, GamboaHousing Office to Assistant Manager, Bal-
boa Housing Office, Housing Division.
ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTIONBUREAU
Robert C. Smith, from Pumpman to Fil-
tration Planf Operator, Water and Labora-tories Branch, Municipal Division.
Jose R. Cotter, David Ramos, fromCartographic Survey Aid to Surveying andCartographic Engineer, Surveys Branch,Engineering Division.
Paul W. Mohl, Murrel L. Drdd, Earl
E. Mullins, and Proctor G. Duelle, fromOperator, Construction Equipment, to Gen-eral Operator, Municipal Division.
George W. Mullins, Jr., from Operator,Construction Equipment, and Pumpman to
General Operator and Pumpman, MunicipalDivision.
Victor D. Young, from Powerhouse Op-erator-Dispatcher to Electrician Operator-Foreman, Electrical Division.
James E. Walker, from Distribution
Foreman to Lineman Foreman, Electrical
Division.
Harry D. Foster, from Pumpman to Fil-
tration Plant Operator, Water and Labora-tories, Municipal Division.
Herbert E. Rothwell. from Painter-Body Repairman, Motor TransportationDivision, to Pumpman, Water and Laboratories Branch, Municipal Division.
Thomas J. Dee, from Wireman to Dis-i ill anion Foreman, Electrical Division.
FINANCE BUREAU
Ira N. C. Read, from Investigator toGovernmental Accountant, Accounting Di-vision.
Mrs. Mabelle B. Walker, from Clerk-Stenographer, Accounting Division toClerk-Typist, Payrolls Division.
Kathleen M. McGuigan, from Secre-tary to Administrative Assistant, Office ofFinance Director.
HEALTH BUREAUHarry A. Dunn, from Medical Techni-
cian (General) to Medical Technician (Gen-eral-Supervisory), Board of Health Labor-atory.
Kurt F. Menzel, from Medical Techni-cian (Bacteriology) to Medical Technician(Bacteriology-Supervisory) Board of HealthLaboratory.
INDUSTRIAL BUREAURichard H. Jenks, from Wireman to
Wireman Leader, Industrial Bureau.Sydney S. Albritton, from Locomotive
Machinist, Railroad Division, to Machinist,
Industrial Bureau.Gust E. Rosene, from Lock Operator,
Atlantic Locks, to Machinist, Industrial
Bureau.
MARINE BUREAURaymond J. Kielhofer, from Lock Op-
erator to Tunnel Operator, Pacific Locks.Preston M. Trim, Charles J Sorell,
from Lock Operator to Tunnel Operator-Wirernan, Pacific Locks.Roy H. Rice, Irving H. Anderson, Wil-
liam J. Cronin, from Pilot-in-Tarining to
Probationary Pilot, Navigation Division.
Mrs. Ruth H. Powell, from Cashier,
Commissary Division, to Clerk- Typist, Aidsto Navigation Section.
William C. Smith, from Junior to Senior
Control House Operator, Atlantic Locks.John J. Tobin, from Senior Lock Opera-
tor, to Junior Control Hotise Operator, At-lantic Locks.John M. Klavosky, from Tunnel Opera-
tor to Senior Lock Operator, Wireman,Atlantic Locks.William J. McLaughlin, Jr., from Lock
Operator to Tunnel Operator, Wireman,Atlantic Locks.Carter M. Houston, from Probationary
Pilot to Pilot, Navigation Division.
Wilbert L. Ney, from General Store-
keeper, Pacific Locks to Clerk, Atlantic
Locks.Lawrence W. Jenkins, from Guard,
Atlantic Locks, to General Storekeeper,
Pacific Locks.James G. Slice, from Chauffei r, Motor
Transportation Division to Guard, LocksDivision.
Ernest M. Kieswetter, from Guard Sup-ervisor to Senior Foreman, Dredging Divi-
sion.PERSONNEL BUREAU
Mrs. Mary B. Friedman, from Secre-
tary, Office of Supply and Service Director,
to Secretary, Office of the Personnel Direc-
tor.
Russell S. Johns, from Junior College
Instructor, Division of Schools, to Position
Classifier, Personnel Bureau.
RAILROAD AND TERMINALS BUREAUWilliam D. Goodwin, from Yard and
Road Conductor to Senior Yardmaster,Railroad I livision.
Henry H. Lee, Jr., from TransportationRale Audit Clerk, Division of Storehouse-,
to Cribtender and Ganger Foreman, Termi-nals Division.
Clavin R. Groves, from CommissaryAssistant, Commissary Division, to Traffic
Clerk, 'Terminals Division.
Joseph F. Smith, front Traffic Clerk to
Storekeeper, Terminals Division.
Victor H. May, Jr., from Gauger, Divi-
sion of Storehouses, to Cribtender andGauger Foreman, Terminals Division.
Robert C. Turner, from Property andSupply Clerk, Housing Division, to Time,
Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Terminals Divi-
sion. (See page 20)
THIS MONTH'S
CALENDAR
November Sailings
Sailing dates are indefinite
because of the United States
longshoremen's strike.
NOVEMBER2d- American Legion, Post No. 6,
Gamboa Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m.,Panama's Memorial Day
3d Panama's Independence Day.4th Masters, Mates, and Pilots, No.
27, Gamboa Clubhouse, 9 a. m.5th Postal Employees, No. 23160, Bal-
boa Lodge Hall, 8 p. m.American Legion, Post No. 3,
Gatun Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m.Pedro Miguel Civic Council,Union Church, 7 p. m.Cristobal-Margarita Civic Coun-cil, Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m.V. F. W., Post Xo. 727, Fort Clay-ton, 7:30 p. m.V. F. W., Post No. 3822, CurundttRoad, 7:30 p. m.
6th Gamboa Civic Council, Commun-ity Center, 7:30 p. m.Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Club-house, 7:30 p. m.
7th V. F. W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of
C. Hall, 7:30 p. m.11th Armistice Day.12th Legal Holiday in the Canal Zone
(for Armistice Day).13th Electrical Workers, No. 397, Bal-
boa Lodge Hall. 7:30 p. 111.
American Legion Auxiliary, No.1, Balboa Leeion Home, 7:30 p. m.V. F. W., Post No. 100, Old BoyScout Building, Cristobal, 7:30 p. m.American Legion, Post No. 7, FortClayton, 7:30 p. m.Painters, No. 1232, House 0838,
Balboa, 7 p. m.14th Pacific Civic Council, I. W". B.,
7:30 p. 111.
American Legion, Post No. 2, Le-gion Home, Old Cristobal, 7:30 p. m.
15th American Legion Auxiliary, No.6, Gamboa Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m.
18th C. L. U.-M. T. C, Balboa LodgeHall, 8:30 a. m.
19th Electrical Workers, No. 677, GatunMasonic Temple, 7:30 p. m.
20th Operating Engineers, No. 595,
Margarita K. of C. Hall. 7 p. m.21st American Legion Auxiliary, No.
3, American Legion Hall, Gatun,7:30 p. 111.
A. F. G. E., No. 14, Balboa Club-house, 7:30 p. m.V. F. W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of
C. Hall, 7:30 p. m.22d Thanksgiving Day.26th V. F. W. Auxiliary, Post No. 3822
Post Home, 7:30 p. m.27th V. F. W. Post No. 100, Old Boy
Scout Building, Cristobal, 7:30 p. m.American Legion, Post No. 7, FortClayton, 7:30 p. m.Operating Engineers, No. 595,
Balboa Lodge Hall, 7 p. m.28th—American Legion Auxiliary, No.
2, Legion Home, Old Cristobal, 7:30
p. m.A. F. G. E., No. 88, Margarita Club-house, 7:30 p. m.
29th Governor-Employee Conference,Board Room, Administration Build-
ing, 2 p. 111.
DECEMBER2d Masters, Mates, and Pilots, No.
27, Margarita Clubhouse, 9 a. m.3d V. F. W., Post No. 3822, Curundu
Road, 7:30 p. 111.
V. F. W., Post No. 727, Fcrt Clay-ion. 7:30 p. 111.
Pedro Miguel Civic Council,Union Church, 7 p. m.Cristobal-Margarita Civic Coun-cil, Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m.Postal Employees, Xo. 23160, Mar-garita Is. of C. Hall, 8 p. 111.
American Legion Post No. 3,
Gatun Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m.4th Gamboa Civic Council, Commun-
ity Center, 7:30 p. in.
Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Club-house, 7:30 p. m.V. F. W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of
C. Hall, 7:30 p. 111.
6th Carpenters, No. 667, MargaritaClubhouse, 7:30 p. m.
November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 17
STATISTICS ON CANAL TRAFFICFor the purpose of comparison between pre-war and post-war traffic through the Panama Canal, statistics for
the fiscal year 1938 are used in this section, as being more nearly normal for peace-time than those for 1939.
COMMERCIAL TRANSITS UP FOR FIRST QUARTER
BUT TOLLS ARE LOWER THAN IN PREVIOUS YEAR
Intercoastal Trade
Down; U. S. Ships Hold
Lead By Nationality
Transits of commercial vessels through
the Panama Canal during the first quarter
of the present fiscal year were up by morethan 100, including both small vessels andships of 300 or more tons, Panama Canalmeasurement.
During the quarter just concluded, the
total number of transits was 1,770, as com-pared to 1,675 for the corresponding quarter
of fiscal year 1951.
Of the 1,770 commercial transits, 871
were from Atlantic to Pacific, and 899 fromPacific to Atlantic. During the same period
283 government vessels made the Canal
transit.
During this period in the present fiscal
year tolls totaled $6,272,000 as comparedto $6,449,000 in the same quarter of the
previous fiscal year.
The auarter began slowly, with 463 com-mercial transits in July, as against 513 in
July of fiscal year 1951. Tolls for July of
the present fiscal year were $1,981,000 as
compared to $2,373,000 for July in the pre-
\ious fiscal year.
During the early part of July rather heavylosses were indicated in the Europe-U. S.
West Coast Canada and the Europe-WestCoast South America trades. Later in July
a drop was reported for trade between the
East Coast of the United States and Asia.
Traffic Increase Begins
The increase in traffic began to be noted
early in August (August's total transits
were 490, an increase of 37 vessels over
August of the previous year) when traffic
began an upswing between the East Coastof the United States and Asia and betweenEurope and the West Coast of the UnitedStates and Canada. Later in August, traf-
fic began to increase temporarily betweenEurope and Australasia, but this trend wasshort-lived and had begun to decrease, again
temporarily, toward the end of the month.Transits for September were up consid-
erably over September a year ago, 516 ves-
sels transiting this year as against 446 for
September a year ago. Tolls had increased
correspondingly, from $1,983,000 in fiscal
year 1951 to $2,188,000 in September of this
year.
There was a drop in trade between the
East Coast of the United States and Central
America and another increase in shipping
between Etrope and Australasia.
Later in the month there was some fluctu-
ation in all trade routes, with that betweenthe United States East Coast showing again and the Europe-South America andAustralasia trade down somewhat. This waschanged toward the end of September, how-ever, when a marked increase was noted in
trade between the United States East Coastand South America, and also betweenEurope and South America.
During the first auarter intercoastal ship-
ping was less than half of that of the sameperiod in fiscal year 1951 — 130 vessels
making this run as compared to 287 in the
first quarter a year ago.
Vessels of United States registry took the
lead in number by nationality with 534
U. S.-flag vessels transiting the Canal in
this period. Great Britain, with 286 vessels,
was second, followed by Norway with 175.
- •-.,. r • .
FOUR CATCHERS from the most recent whaling fleet to transit the Canal were photographed as they
locked down together through Pedro Miguel on their wav to the Antarctic. The fourteen catchers of this
fleet and their 22,000-ton mothership, Thonhovdi, transited October 17. All of them are of Norwegian regis-
try with Sanefjord as their home port. This fleet carried a total of about 550 men; the crew of the factory,
or mothership, was 285 and each catcher had a crew of about 20.
In the past five months, three large whaling fleets have gone through the Canal southward. All three
were out of Europe to the Antarctic. The first was an Anglo-Norse group, on its first visit to the Canal in
two years. This included a large factory ship and nine catchers. They went south in June. This fleet has
already shipped one load of oil back through the Canal.
The second fleet, out of Kiel, Germany, but with its vessels registered under the Panama or Honduran
flags arrived late in September. This group was headed by the factory ship, Olympic Challenger, and con-
sisted of 13 catchers, all of which are former Canadian corvettes. Joining the fleet in Panama were a number
of highly skilled Norwegian harpoon "gunners," who take over command of the catchers when they reach
the whaling grounds These men are highly skilled. One of them on the Olympic's group last trip south, was
credited with killing over 280 whales. Like the other two whaling fleets, the Olympic vessels carried between
500 and fiOO men. One more of the catchers, bringing the total to 14, was a latecomer, following well behind
the others. This last catcher did not reach the Canal on its way south until late last month.
C. Fernie & Co. are agents for all three of the whaling fleets.
MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS
Vessels of 300 tons net or over
By fiscal years
TransitsTolls
(In thousands of dolhr*)
1952 1951 1938 1952 1951 1938
July . 463 513 457 $1,981 $2,373 $2,030
490 453 505 2,103 2,093 2,195
516 446 444 2,188 1,983 1,936
480 461 2,068 1,981
446 435 1,844 1,893
452 439 1,886 1,845
452 444 1,854 1,838
444 436 1,853 1,787
March _. 474 506 1,943 2,016
April -- ---- 470 487 2,007 1,961
May - 485 465 2,020 1,887
478 445 1,982 1,801
Totals for first three months1,469 1,412 1,406 6,272 6,448 6,161
Totals for fiscal year 1,469 5,593 5,524 $6,272 $23,906 $23,170
18 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1951
Winning Essays Bring Awards To Zone StudentsPrizes were awarded recently by Dr.
Lawrence Johnson, Superintendent of the
Canal Zone schools, to four students of
the Canal Zone colored schools for their
prize-winning essays, submitted in con-
nection with the August issue of the WestIndian Commemorative stamp. Thestudents were divided into four groups:
A, which included the fifth and sixth
grades; B, grades 7 and 8; C, grades 9
and 10; and D, grades 11 and 12.
Judges for the contest were: A. B.
Williams, of the Silver EmployeesDeath Benefit Association; the Rev. L.
B. Shirley, of St. Peter's Episcopal
Church in La Boca; Luis Noli, of the
Star and Herald; Nathan Reid, Supervisor
at the Rodman Naval Establishment,
and A. E. Osborne of the Schools Divi-
sion, Chairman of the Essay Contest
Committee.
The winners and their prizes were:
Maria Ramirez, of Santa Cruz, for Divi-
sion A, $10; Francisco Rodriguez, of RedTank Junior High School, for Division B,
$15; Marion Thomas, of the Silver City
Occupational High School, for Division C,
$20, and Roy Bryce, of the La Boca Occu-pational High School, for Division D, a
gold pen and pencil set. The prizes weregiven by the West Indian Stamp Appre-ciation Committee. The winning essays
follow:
Why We have A SpecialWest Indian Stamp
We have a special West Indian Stamp in
honor of those West Indians who gave their
lives in the construction of the PanamaCanal.A great many of these workers died of
malaria, yellow fever, and pneumonia.Others, who were very ill, still reported for
work so that this important project couldbe completed.
For their faithfulness, loyalty, ai'd will-
ingness to work in all kinds o f dangers, for
the sacrifices they made, and for the courageshown by them in the presence of great dan-gers from dynamite explosion, land slides,
and diseases, the Government of the UniiedStatesissuedthisSpecialWest Indian Stampto honor these men and to show the worldthat it will always appreciate the work theydid and the sacrifices they made.
Division AMaria RamirezGrade 6
Santa Cruz Elementary School
The Meaning of a Special Stamp inHonor of Our West Indian WorkersThe stamp made for the West Indian
workers was issuer! in order to honor themfor the work they did on the Panama Canal.To complete this arduous task, they facedmany hazards and hindrances. Many werethe instances when they met dangers in
which many were killed by dynamite blastsand landslides. One of the most dangerousplaces in which they labored is now knownas Gaillard Cut. But even when these mensaw their companions killed in such terrible
ways, they did not lose heart; instead, theykept on working until they were through.These men who were employed to do thishard task were the only ones who couldwithstand the unhealthful climate and thedisastrous diseases of the Isthmus.
Today, some of these veterans have livedto see themselves and their dead companionsbeing honored for the excellent job that wasdone by their hands. The stamp which is asymbol of true hardiness and sacrifices onthe part of our ancestors will tell in a smallmeasure the story of a great people—theWest Indians.
Division BFrancisco RodriguezGrade 8
Red Tank Junior High School
The Significance of the West IndianCommemorative Stamp
It was on August 15, 1951, that the WestIndians who played an important and a
major role in the successful completion of
the Panama Canal were honored by theissuing of the West Indian CommemorativeStamp.
This Commemorative Stamp is an impor-tant event in the history of the Canal Zone.The Stamp has been issued in recognition of
meritorious service rendered by the WestIndian laborers during the ten years of thedifficult task of building the Panama Canal.
It is a tribute which brings us immeasur-able value in prestige and at the same timemay mark the beginning of more concreteand material tributes in appreciation for
faithful service rendered by the West Indianworkers.We can hope that the offspring of these
West Indian pioneers who made sacrifices
in the construction of the Panama Canalwill benefit more from the profits brought to
the United States through the PanamaCanal.
Division CMarion ThomasGrade 10
Silver Citv OccupationalHigh School
The Significance of the West IndianCommemorative Stamp
What's in a stamp? The story it relates,
the purpose of its creation, the people withwhom it communicates, the profit from its
use—these are the qualifications which de-termine the value and significance of astamp.The picture painted on the West Indian
Commemorative Stamp tells the story of
the heroic and sacrificial deeds, and the con-tributions of the West Indian Negro in theaccomplishment of a world-famed engineer-ing feat— the Panama Canal. After yearsof constant struggle for decent survival, theforgotten West Indian and his offspring
again have seen omens of encouragement.On this occasion it is the tribute payingWest Indian Commemorative Stamp, asymbolic example of recognition, apprecia-tion, and gratitude. Through this stampthe world can be educated on the importantrole played by the "Old-Timers." Nogreater profit could there be than the dy-namic response of the democratic people to
the West Indian Commemorative Stamp for
what it stands—the birth of a demandingand deserving campaign for justice andequality.
Division DRov BryceGrade 12
La Boca OccupationalHigh School
PAY RAISES, INCOME TAX
(Continued from page 3) table which takes
an average of old and new rates into con-
sideration. If this is true this year, the
date of payment of the retroactive payincrease will have no material effect on
the overall tax to be paid during the year.
Considerable and lengthy discussion
followed introduction of a question as to
the locations where an employee may re-
side. For the record, the following housing
regulations were added to the minutes of
the meeting:
"Employees are required to reside in
the 'district' in which they are employed
and, in general, the towns in which they
work. Residence outside of the town in
which the employee works may be
authorized:
"(a) When the employee presents a
meritorious case concurred in by his di-
vision chief and approved by the Com-munity Services Director;
"(b) When an employee's work location
is changed within either the Northern or
Southern district and his division chief
does not certify that a change of residence
is necessary. Under the latter circum-
stances the employee will be permitted to
remain in the quarters to which he has
been assigned but will not be allowed
transfer privileges except to his new town
of employment."
New Housing Rules
Conferees were also told of another newhousing regulation: That those movinginto newly constructed houses will have
to occupy those houses for a two-year
period before becoming eligible for assign-
ment to another newly-constructed house.
J. H. Jones presented a letter to the
conference, opposing the closing of the
dispensary at Pedro Miguel, and R. F.
Ralph of Gatun suggested that a taxi
stand be permitted inside the hospital
grounds at Gorgas when the district medi-
cal clinics are moved there, to partly offset
the main community objection to the
transfer—lack of transportation facilities.
License Plates Fade
A question was raised by J. J. Tobin as
to an Atlantic Side police order that
drivers of Canal Zone-registered cars re-
paint license plates which have faded
badly this year. This question was to be
given post-conference consideration and,
meanwhile, the conference was told that
steps are being taken to prevent a similar
fading of plates for the coming year.
In answer to a question as to whether
the local postal service was to be taken
over by the United States Posts, the
Governor said that this plan is not re-
ceiving any active consideration although
such a recommendation is to be made in
the General Accounting office report on
the audit of Company activities.
Attending the October conference were:
the Governor and Lieutenant Governor,
Mr. Dunsmoor, E. A. Doolan, Personnel
Director; Mr. Wagner, C. W. Hoffmeyer,
Mr. Tobin, W. R. Howe, E. W. Hatchett
for the Central Labor Union-Metal Trades
Council; Mr. Lovelady for the A. F. G. E.;
R.C. Daniel, Railway Conductors; Guy R.
Lord, Marine Engineers; M. S. Goodin,
C. A. Garcia, J. H. Jones, Timothy Laddand R. F. Ralph for the Civic Councils;
James Boukalis for the Machinists, and
C. A. Luhr for the Pacific Side LockOperators.
A PRESIDENT VISITS
^Continued from page 3) three days varied
from a drizzle to a torrential downpour.He rode the Panama Railroad from endto end; took a tug into Panama Bay. Heate luncheon, without prior notice, at one
of the Commission's messes, inspected
hospitals, police, and schools. He spent
all of his second day ashore and part of the
third day in or around the Cut, droppedin on family and bachelor quarters,
roamed through construction towns, vis-
ited the machine shops, talked to twodeputations of employees about rates of
pay and other matters.
He was entertained officially in Panamaand was given a huge farewell party onthe Cristobal docks by employees of the
Commission.
Back in Washington, where he reported
to Congress December 17 in a special
message, President Roosevelt had ananswer for critics of the Canal project:
"It is not too much to say that the
whole atmosphere of the Commissionbreathes honesty as it breathes efficiency
and energy."
November 2, 1951 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 19
Oil, Phosphate and Coal Shipments
Increase In Atlantic-Pacific Trade
An increase in the amounts of oil, phos-
phates, coal and coke shipped from the
Atlantic to the Pacific was noted during the
first Quarter of the fiscal year, according to
reports of the Management Division.
The oil shipments, which were reported
as 754,261 long tons for the July-August-
September quarter of the current fiscal
year, had almost doubled from the 368,019
long tons shipped in the Atlantic-Pacific
trade during the same quarter of the pre-
vious fiscal year.
On the other hand, oil shipments in the
opposite direction, from Pacific to Atlantic,
had decreased considerably. During the
first quarter of fiscal year 195?, only 121,470
long tons of mineral oils passed through the
Canal from Pacific to Atlantic, as comparedwith 1,207,428 tons during the same period
in the fiscal year 1951. This latter figure,
however, was artificial, in that during the
corresponding three months of fiscal year
1951 there was a short but intensive ship-
ment of oil between the east and west coasts
of the United States.
Much of the heavy Atlantic-Pacific oil
shipments of the current fiscal year are
originating in the West Indies, with both
South America and Australasia as their des-
tinations. This situation, which developed
dining the latter part of the quarter, wasattributed to the Near East oil situation.
The heavy phosphate shipments, 212,696
long tons for the quarter just ended as com-pared to 67,963 long tons for the correspond-
ing quarter in fiscal year 1951, are destined
primarily for Japan from the United States
east coast.
Also up, in the Atlantic to Pacific trade,
were long tons of manufactured iron and
steel, paper and paper products, sulphur,
cement, sugar (of which 108,161 long tons
were shipped during the first quarter of fis-
cal year 1952 as against only 23,547 long
tons for the corresponding quarter last year),
machinery, and automobiles.The Atlantic-Pacific trade showed de-
creases in ammonium compounds, raw cot-
ton, tinplate, ores, and canned food prod-
ucts.
In the Pacific-Atlantic trade, ore ship-
ments were up by almost 100,000 long tons
for the first quarter of fiscal year 1952, as
compared to the fiist ouarter of last year.
Wheat shipments were 542,707 long tons,
as compared to only 297,372 long tons for
the corresponding period last year.
Other cargo showing increases in this
trade were sugar, refrigerated food products,
lumber, bananas, and other fresh fruit.
Cargo items showing decreases in this quar-
I
EDWARD M. ALTMAN, who has served as relief
magistrate on several occasions, has been appointed
to a four-year term as Magistrate of the Balboa
Court. He succeeds Ralph J. Chittick, who has left
to make his home in Connecticut.
ter as compared to the corresponding three
months last year were: nitrates, canned food
products, metals, coffee, wool, raw cotton,
and dried fruit.
Total cargo handled and transferred overthe Canal Zone piers during the first auarterof the current fiscal year was 349,194 short
tons, as compared with 333,066 tons for the
average quarter in fiscal year 1951 and373,453 tons in an average quarter of fiscal
year 1938.
The Panama Canal Review has
made the pages of the Congressional
Record. The Appendix to the Record
carries an extension of remarks madein the House of Representatives Octo-
ber 1 by Congressman Clark W.Thompson of Texas. Representative
Thompson calls the Thatcher Ferry
"one of the most important projects
designed to serve the Canal Zone and
the Republic of Panama." As his con-
clusion, he adds the article carried in
the August 3, 1951, issue of The Re-
view: "Ten Millionth Car Crosses
Canal By Thatcher Ferry."
CANAL TRANSITS COMMERCIAL AND U. S. GOVERNMENT
First Quarter—Fiscal Year
1952 1951 1938
Atlantic
to
Pacific
Pacific
to
AtlanticTotal Total Total
Commercial vessels:
711 758 1,469 1,412 1,406
•Small 160 141 301 263 211
871 X<>>) 1,770 1,675 1,617
**U. S. Government vessels;
93 105 198
*Smdll 36 49 85
1,000 1,053 2,053
* Vessels under 300 net tons or 500 displacement tons.** Vessels on which tolls are credited. Prior to July 1,
ships transited free.
1951, Government-operated
CARGO HANDLED OVER PIERS(In short tons)
First QuarterFiscal Year 1952
Averagequarter,
1951
AverageQuarter,
1938
Cristobal Balboa Total All piers All piers
Local cargo received 79,790 33,429 113,219 96,005 87,968
Local cargo forwarded 18,566^ 20,014 38,580 25,810 9,388
Transfer cargo received 84,660 5,016 89,676 105,137 138,386
Total incoming cargo handled.
.
183,016 58,459 241,475 226,952 235,742
2,859 182 3,041 3,552 1,584
Transfer cargo forwarded . 99,854 4,824 104,678 102,562 136,127
Total cargo handled and285,729 63,465 349,194 333,066 373,453
TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTESThe following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net
tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:
First Quarter, Fiscal Year
1952 1951 1938
130 287 349
314 274 97
118 91 19
193 156 217
58 36 49
178 129 194
88 91 137
89 64 44
301 284 300
1,469 1,412 1,406
(-4f-: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
20 3 1262 08542 7549
PILOTING SHIPS THROUGH
HE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2,195
(Continued from page 11) first as a pilot-in-
trainir.g, later as a probationary pilot,
and now as a full pilot,
This is only a fraction of the transits
chalked up by the senior men. The
Canal's two senior pilots, Captain Henry
Falk for Balboa and Captain Charles S.
Townshend for Cristobal, have over 3,000
transits apiece to their credit. Both first
served as towboat masters and both have
been pilots since 1926.
Five Are Pilots' Sons
Captain Falk, like four other pilots, is
the son of a former pilot. The others are
Captains G. F. Kariger, S. W. Peterson,
T. C. Makibbin, and A. G. Terwilliger.
Not all of the Canal's pilots, however,
are full-fledged and able to take any ship
through the Canal. Sixty-three are full
pilots, 1 1 others are in their probationary
period, and 3 others are pilots-in-training.
At the present time the Marine Bureau
has a list of 25 applicants who are fully
qualified to be hired as pilots-in-training.
Unless conditions change, however, Ma-
rine officials think that the present force
will be sufficient for some time to come.
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS(Continued from page 16)
SUPPLY AND SERVICE BUREAU
Mary N. Orr, from Clerk-Stenographer,
I livision of Storehouses, to Secretary, Office
of the Supply and Service Director.
Michael G. Letchko, from Machinist to
Plain Engineer and Machinist, CommissaryDivision.
Mrs. Gretchen E. Melanson, from
Commissary Assistant to Cash Accounting
Clerk, Commissary Division.
Mrs. Melba M Heintz, from Cashier,
to Commissary Assistant, Commissary Di-
vision.
Mrs Hazel E Currier, from Assistant
Dry Cleaning Foreman to Dry Cleaning
Foreman, Commissary Division.
Mrs. Alice O. Eaton, from Transporta-
tion Rate and Audit Clerk to Supply Clerk,
Division of Storehouses.
Mrs. Alicia M. Castro, from Clerk-
Typist to Transportation Rate Audit Clerk,
Division of Storehouses.
Mrs. Edna E. Grandin, from Clerk-
Typist to Property and Supply Clerk, Divi-
sion of Storehouses.
Margaret L. Csighy, from Clerk-Typist
to Procurement Clerk, Division of Store-
houses.
George L. Cain, from Meat Cutter-in-
Charge to Commissary Assistant, Commis-sary Division.
Elwood G. Bissett, from CommissaryAssistant to Supply Assistant (Drygoods),Commissary Division.
Mrs. Carmela A. Recria, from Clerk to
Accounting Clerk, Commissary Division.
Mrs. Elvera N. Breakneld, from Clerk-
Typist to Accounting Clerk, CommissaryDivision.
Anna V. Fisher, from Clerk to Account-ing Clerk, Commissary Division.
Julius Szivos, from Property and SupplyClerk, Aids to Navigations, to Storekeeper,
I )i\ ision of Storehouses.
William A. Sullivan, from Policeman,Police Division, to Storekeeper, Di\ ision of
Storehouses.
MAGISTRATES COURT
Edward M. Altman, from Public SafetyAssistant, Safety Branch, to Magistrate,
Balboa Magistrate's Court.
ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH
Mrs. Barbara M. Hutchings, fromClerk-Stenographer, Railroad and Termi-nals Bureau, to Clerk-Stenographer, Ad-ministrative Branch.
Principal commodities shipped through the Canal(All figures in long tons)
Figures in parentheses in 1938 and 1951 columns indicate
relative positions in those years
ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC
Commoditv
Mineral Oils
Coal and CokeManufactures of iron and steel
PhosphatesPaper and Paper ProductsSugarSulphurAutomobilesMachineryCementRaw CottonAmmonium compoundsTinplateCanned food productsOres, variousAll others
Total
First Quarter, Fiscal Years
1952
754,261417,534408,242212,696120,818108,161
97,67989,46178,69870,391
49,841
47,39037,021
30,34323,264
899,163
3,444,963
1951
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(?)
(7)
(9)
368,01915,550
355,33767,96390,18923,54790, 1 3064,310 (10)
43,305 (11)
34,846 (15)
137,827 (6)
112,463 (14)
39,332 (13)
38,766 (17)
27,665 (26)
746,867
2,256,116
1938
225,362 (3)
30,444 (14)
336,634 (1)
6,435 (6)
108,492 (5)
8,250 (31)
53,868 (7)
48,161 (9)
31,778 (10)
29,326 (11)
57,694 (13)
11,976 (22)
28,887 (8)
31,935 (15)
16,431 (18)
829,375
1,855,048
PACIFIC TO ATLANTIC
CommodityFirst Quarter, Fiscal Years
195? 1951 1938
Ores, various ._.. . _ 1,013,723883,244542,707275,531272,828203,582
186,782164,810136,785
121,47049,18545,13739,33631,30821,195
624,942
919,960 (1)
874,990 (2)
297,372 (4)
280,143 (5)
241,749 (7)
^^i,6^^ (6)
126,950 (10)
167,146 (8)
111,806 (9)
1,207,428 (3)
62,896 (12)
46,325 (13)
25,252 (17)33,866 (15)47,694 (19)
626,912
497,627 (3)
706,187 (?)
171,632 (7)
Nitrate 254,890 (5)
344,233 (4)
Canned food products 313,906 (6)
Refrigerated food products (ex-
cept fresh fruit) 89,037 (10)
159,361 (8)
11,441 (20)
780,126 (1)
42,507 (16)
Wool .. 21,890 (21)
Fresh fruit (except bananas) . .
.
81,617 (91
32,920 (20)
73.151 (12)
760,225
Total __ 4,612,565 5,409,122 4,340,750
Canal commercial traffic by nationality of vessels
First Quarter of Fiscal Yea rs
1952 1951 1938
Nationality Num-ber of
transits
Tonsof cargo
Num-ber of
transits
Tonsof cargo
Num-ber of
transits
Tonsof cargo
British- _ 28612
1
22
2
5339
1,967,61850,6688,626
22,08110,002
239,83624,498
21510
1,311,54642,336
2922
2
1,667,79510,09613 113
Colombian 17 19,615
Danish 4639
165,60816,392
55 254.507Ecuadorean
2 4,6951
272
19
101
5,480100,086
1,583
170,236133,431
262
31
90
143,3902,603
192,973134,959
2291
31
9
2
146,785450,641181,941
Honduian_ 2,92611 176
1
19
13
292
24
31285,59671,34578,07617,916
121,681
15 62,077 13
7539,935522,490
Mexican. 2
271
11957
3
7
2
12
43
11,66695,070Netherlands^ . .. 60 217,168
Norwegian . . _
PanamanianPeruvian
17556
1
7
1
8
31
1
5342
676,649307,063
456,738322,775
7,434
25,7642,785
46,464150,822
4,451,6932,538
15554
755.770155,169
Philippine 44,0439,511
43,245189,436
5,771
3,669,4053,334
Portuguese . .
Spanish...Swedish.- _
Swiss
~2
31
4952
5
15,280206,645
United States.- _.
Yenezuelan645
3
2,860,814
1 ,953
23 151
Total 1,469 8,057,528 1,412 7,665,238 1,406 7,642,111