The Oriental Watchman and Herald of

The Oriental Watchman and Herald of

A MAGAZINE FOR HEALTH HOME AND HAPPINESS

41st Year of Publication

February 1950

Government Milk Colony, Goregaon, Bombay

Diabetes

Pre-Natal Care for Fathers

Protein--Your Body's Great Need of It

A Mouthful of Health

Rheumatic Heart Trouble

Your Daily Need of Calcium

The Good Don't Die Young

When Pneumonia Strikes

Doctor Says

.eeping Cool R. Krishnan

EDITORIAL CALENDAR REVISION-BUSINESS AND

CONSCIENCE THE proposed calendar revision

was placed on the provisional agenda of the General Assembly of the United Nations which convened at Flushing Meadows, New York, on September 20, 1949. This news took some by surprise, for from some source it had been announced that the item would not be due for a hearing before January, 1950. How-ever, before the September session could turn its attention to the item it was deleted from the agenda, and it is not therefore, as far as the United Nations is concerned, a cur-rent issue. But no doubt, the item will be included on the agenda of a future session. It is well therefore that all study the matter pro and con meanwhile so that they may be able to give intelligent expression to feel-ings and opinions when occasion arises. Many in important positions who have appeared to express favourable opinions, when called upon to explain that which is in-volved, have frankly admitted that they knew little or nothing about it. A one-sided, superficial, or casual acquaintance with the matter is not sufficient, for great issues are at stake and the item has more to do with the peace and welfare of the world than seems to be generally realized.

The proponents of the proposed calendar revision are extremely zealous for the interests of big busi-ness. In fact this seems to be the core and centre of their entire accu-mulation of arguments. They con-stantly point to the reduction in cost of business administration and the enhanced profits that would accrue from calendar simplification—"A reform, the lack of which has been costing the world millions and mil-lions of dollars annually." Person-ally. this lament does not impress us, for there is that which is of greater importance to the world than greater profits for big business. Many of the wealthy, doing business on an enormous scale, are already

accumulating and controlling riches far beyond what is good for the world. There is no need to assist them to accumulate still more. Of course, such prospects always stimu-late and whet avarice and greed, and appear desirable to those who are ready to increase their own power and riches, even though the poor must be still further impov-erished. We hold no brief for waste-ful methods and procedures in busi-ness administration which necessitate the employment of large numbers of workers which by more efficient management might be released for profitable employment elsewhere, but experience all around the world is proving that the majority who are so released are usually without use-ful employment and have to be sup-ported by government dole or charity, or simply pine in poverty and want. We do not feel that the present calendar is hurting the economic welfare of the world as a whole, nor that it is a cause for tears of lamentation that big business or-ganizations are now employing some book-keepers and accountants who would be dismissed from employ-ment as a consequence of calendar revision. We do not hold that enor-mous business organizations are necessarily an evil merely because of size, but rather that they become an evil when by hook and crook they draw into the clutches of a few the wealth that should be distributed among the many. Anything that tends to increase the riches of the rich and at the same time increase the poverty of the poor is an evil.

Perhaps the cost of the present calendar is costing "millions and millions of dollars annually," but it is not the working man nor the small-scale business man who pays that cost, if cost it be. The alleged cost is not to the world as a whole, but to the enormous business organiza-tions that employ large numbers of book-keepers, accountants. cashiers, and other office workers. There is no

justice in calendar revision in order to clear the way for the reduction in the number of such office workers merely to further enrich those who are already too rich. The ordinary small-scale business man is not handicapped by the present calendar, nor would he be benefitted by the proposed change.

The calendar reformers emphasize and re-emphasize that the objective of calendar reform is "civil in char-acter." We see no need for such emphasis and re-emphasis. The pres-ent world calendar is purely "civil in character," and we have never seen an assertion from any source to the effect that the objective of the revised calendar would be otherwise. But an objective which is entirely civil in character, may very seriously affect that which is not civil in char-acter. Objectives which were entirely civil in character have been aban-doned or materially modified because of their real or potential effect on military objectives, and occasionally when war was not involved, objec-tives that were military in character, have been abandoned or modified because of their effect on that which was civil in character. In other matters the same has been ex-perienced.

This proposed revised calendar which would be entirely civil in character would seriously affect that which is not civil in character, and would impose injustice and hardship on millions and millions whom the calendar reformers blithely ignore.

As we have pointed out elsewhere, there are many racial or provincial calendars in use throughout the world. These calendars are usually based on important historical events in the communities that use them, and more frequently than otherwise regulate the observance of secular or religious holidays among the community. Within the territories of Southern Asia there are several such calendars for purely local use. But all of these communities make use also of the

2

THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, FEBRUARY 1950

universal Gregorian Calendar for all communications beyond their own territorial boundaries and with the world in general. Such compara-tively minor communities would go on observing their holidays accord-ing to their racial calendar regardless of the calendar that might be substi-tuted for the Gregorian, but all other people who make use of the Gre-gorian as these groups use their own, would be terribly troubled by the proposed change. The light-hearted manner in which the calendar re-formers ignore the objections of such and the attitude with which they would shake them off as unworthy of consideration can only be classed as religious persecution. This pro-

posed revised calendar which is "civil in character," would very seriously affect the religious convic-tions and lives of millions and mil-lions in nearly all lands on earth.

We are not unmindful of the fact that with many, religion is only a matter of profession, and that serv-ing religion is only another way of making a living. For such, conveni-ence and expediency are guiding and controlling factors, and for such the proposed calendar reform can be very attractive. But conviction and conscience are not yet entirely extinct in the world. There are millions for whom Sunday, Friday, or Saturday, as placed in the week of the present Gregorian calendar, are sacred days.

It is the day itself in its numerical order, that is sacred, and not merely the name which the calendar muti-lators propose to circulate from one end of the week to the other. They who from conviction and conscience observe these days cannot permit men to dictate that the first day of the week shall be sacred in one year, while the second, third, and so on, shall be sacred in other years. They who truly worship God conscien-tiously, cannot be subject to the dic-tates of men in matters of religion, and they who by brute force or legis-lation endeavour to enforce their will on others can do the world no good regardless of what their motives may be.

EXCERPTS FROM A SPEECH BY THE HON'BLE RAJKUMAR

AMRIT KAUR GIVEN AT THE INAUGURAL FUNCTION OF

THE NATIONAL NUTRITION ASSOCIATION OF INDIA

A JUDICIOUS application of the newer knowledge of nutrition

will certainly help to improve the diet to a certain extent even in the homes of the lower economic groups. Every one of us is aware that in the majority of middle class homes pro-tective foods like milk, eggs, fish, meat, and vegetables are in short supply. The science of nutrition has taught us that it is the growing chil-dren and expectant and nursing mothers who are in greater need of such types of food. Consequently, even if these articles of foods are in short supply and cannot be ob-tained by a lower middle class fam-ily in sufficient quantity owing to their prohibitive cost, the allocation of the different items of foods can be so adjusted among the different family members that milk, for exam-ple, is made available to those who are in urgent need of it. Adult male and elderly members in the families may eat as much of cereals, oils and fat as will supply them with adequate energy to carry out the normal voca-tions of life without losing health, foregoing as far as possible their share of protective foods in the in-terests of the mothers and growing children....

It is a well-known fact that our diet is poor in good quality proteins, minerals, and vitamins. The removal of protein deficiency needs the pro-duction of milk and flesh foods in adequate quantities for which efforts are being made by the Ministry of Agriculture and by the Departments of Agriculture and Animal Hus-

bandry in the various Provincial Governments and Local Administra-tions. But the other deficiencies, namely those of minerals and vita-mins in the national diet, can be re-moved to a very great extent by the people themselves if they have the knowledge and will to do so. Lack of food is a national emergency and requires emergency measures. Every householder should grow a kitchen garden in his compound, however small that may be. Co-operative en-deavour in this regard will yield valuable results. No elaborate irriga-tion is needed to give effect to such suggestions. The bath, kitchen, and all waste water discharged from the house can be diverted to the vege-table bed. Families would thus not only save money on the purchase of vegetables but their diets too would improve greatly in quality. In the comparative absence of non-cereal foods, families of lower income groups consume large quantities of cereals which fact in itself tends to make the diet highly unbalanced. One is apt to forget the scientific adage that the lesser the diversity of the menu and the higher the pre- ponderance of cereals in the diet, the greater is the physiological necessity for inclusion of vegetables, particularly those of the green leafy type, in the daily food. My passing refer-ence to only three items of diet mentioned above clearly shows how very necessary it is to study our dietary habits from the point of view of re-quirements as well as their social and economic aspects....

There is another point which I would like to touch upon before I close and that is our Prime Minis-ter's recent appeal for the greater use of substitute foods. If sweet po-tato flour and defatted groundnut cake and the potato itself can relieve the pressure on cereals, as I am sure they can, we will be conserving an appreciable amount of our precious foreign currency which we are now forced to spend in the purchase of food grains from abroad and which can be much more fruitfully utilized for the expansion of our economic resources. I am fully alive to the fact that the duty of nutrition work-ers in India, as much as elsewhere, is to emphasize the need to improve the quality of national diets and to suggest ways and means for increas-ing the food resources of the coun-try. I should, however, point out that it is as much their duty also to de-vise diets with substitute foods, even if they be of slightly inferior nutri-tive quality, which may help the peo-ple to tide over the crisis of existing world food shortage with the least possible damage to human health. In a poor country like ours, nutrition scientists will have to face difficulties which may at times appear insur-mountable but difficulties are there to be overcome. We are face to face with a crisis. We have to unite and have a "Dig for Victory" campaign just as they did in the United King-dom during the war. I do not believe that we cannot grow enough food for our requirements or produce enough, indeed, for all our other needs too if the will to do so is there. In a national crisis no one thinks of doing anything but his bit to serve the larger good. This spirit and this enthusiasm have to be stimulated.


3

GOVERNMENT GOREGAON,

Milk is a highly perishable pro-duct and there are few articles of food which can be so easily contami-nated through dirt as this precious fluid. Cleanliness is, therefore, of paramount importance in its produc-tion, and cement concrete can contri-bute much toward this end. Apart from providing comfort to cattle, the floors of the sheds and farm houses should be impervious, dry, non-slippery and should be able to with. stand many years of rough use.

Under the present conditions of hous-ing milch cattle in Bombay, some 50,000 calves have to be virtually starved to death each year as there is no space and no land to rear them. Probably similar conditions prevail in other large cities. A partial solution lies in moving cattle out of the cities to country locations, but before that can be done quarters must be prepared. For this purpose the Bombay Government have acquired about 3,000 acres near Goregaon, twenty miles north of the city. Roads have been constructed and several miles of pipe-line laid to ensure an abundant supply of water.

Above is pictured the source from which water is drawn at a stable in the suburbs of the city for bathing the animals and cleansing milk utensils—and perhaps for adding to the milk! Can it be doubted that this must be the cause of many infectious diseases which have scourged the city from time to time?

At the left is shown how milk utensils are usually scrubbed with dirty, filth-polluted earth and rinsed with water saturated with stable dirt from the animals washed nearby. Such absolute disregard of cleanliness and sanitation make of milk one of the filthiest and most dangerous articles of food.


MILK COLONY, BOMBAY

They should also be reasonable in cost. In addition, they should be warm in winter and remain cool in summer. Although these combina-tions are somewhat difficult to obtain in any building material, cement concrete assures these requirements admirably and has been utilised extensively in the construction work of the Government Milk Colony. It is expected that over 25,000 tons of A. C. C. cement will be used on this project.

The residences for attendants and staff have not been neglected. Here are clean, airy quarters where workers and their families can be comfortable. Garden space is available all around. Above is a farm manager's little cottage. He resides on the spot so that he has the management of the unit con-stantly under his supervision. At the left are shown quarters for other staff members.

The dairy farm units are to be leased out to the stable owners from the Bombay City at a charge which compares favourably with what they are paying now, but which give them facilities very much superior in every way.

At the Government Milk Colony well-planned and self-contained dairy farm units have been constructed, each to hold 500 adult cattle together with their calves. Seven such units were ready for occupancy in 1948 and ten more were built during 1949. Eventually 15,000 head of cattle will be cared for in such units.

At the right is shown a dairy farm unit at Goregaon. Each unit is provided with foot baths at vantage points, which contain disinfectants, through which baths the cattle must pass to reach their stables and milking sheds. Provision is made for thorough cleans-ing and sterilization of all milk utensils.

•


37,000 acres of the 38,000 inundated by salt water, are again under culti-vation and producing normal crops. This has been achieved in three and a half years instead of nine as was expected.

Speed

Eyes

DR. WENDELL KING of Northwest-ern University, U. S. A., who has spent about five years studying the human brain thinks that he has found a way to replace the eyes of the blind with a television device con-nected directly to the brain.

Trees

IT Is reported by one, Father A. D. Frenay. that square trees are growing in the jungles of Panama. He says they grow to about two feet square, slightly rounded at the corners.

Canicola Fever

IN ENGLAND doctors and veterinary specialists have proved that dogs communicate canicola fever to hu-mans. The illness resembles influenza and is accompanied by serious eye trouble. If properly treated it can be cured in about a month.

Teeth

IT Is reported that great interest is being taken by the public in a child born with two upper and two lower teeth in Mohammednagar. Except for the teeth, the child seems to be normal.

Stammering

IT IS reliably stated that male stammerers outnumber female stam-merers by four to one.

Water

THE average European uses about thirty-five gallons of water per day for all purposes. The average Ameri-can uses about one hundred gallons.

Robot Brain

BINAC, the new U. S. robot brain, can calculate 12,000 times faster than the human mind. "It can rattle off 3,500 additions each second. Multi-plication and division take a little

more time. The machine can do about 1,000 in a second."

Freedom

THE Indian Parliament has adopted the clause in its Charter of citizen rights guaranteeing freedom for the profession, practice, and propagation of religious beliefs.

Coat/

IT HAS been announced that a rich coal field near Lichfield, England, has been discovered. It is believed that the coal will amount to at least 400,000,000 tons. Some years of work will have to be done before the coal can be brought to the surface in quantities.

Para-Medical Nurses

GREAT BRITAIN is making aero-nautical history by training scores of women as parachutists to serve with highly mobile medical units. The Royal Air Force is conducting this regular course for "para-medical nurses" at its parachute and glider school in Upper Heyforth.

Power

RAYS of the sun are so intense that, focused by the lens of the eye, they can burn a hole in the retina in ten seconds.

Cattle Disease

A NEW cattle disease called "X" for want of a better name is threaten. ing herds in the U. S. A. A high percentage of infected cattle die. It is estimated that 50,000 head of cattle have died from "X" since it made its appearance a few years ago.

Recovery

THE Netherlands Information Bureau reports that on Walcheren Island. which the Germans devas-tated by flooding during the war,

THE "De Havilland Comet," the world's first jet air liner, averaged 530 miles per hour while on a 445-mile flight in Britain from Brighton to Edinburgh on November 11.

Irrigation

ABOUT 50,000 labourers are now engaged on the construction of the 18-crore-rupee Thungabhadra pro-ject which, when completed, will irrigate 419,000 acres of land, states a message from Hyderabad.

Phosphorescent Stick

A PIECE of wood seven inches long which sheds light at night, has been recovered from the Ganges near Hardwar. It starts shining when the sun sets and shines until dawn. The light increases when water is poured on the stick. Decaying wood in the forests sometimes shines similarly.

Photograph

A SINGLE photograph showing the U. S. A. from coast to coast has recently been completed. It is 192 feet long, and is composed of 390 exposures taken at a height of eight miles on a non-stop flight from coast to coast. The photograph shows clearly how the density of population and industry increases from West to East.

Needle

MR. F. R. CALITA of Capetown now seventy years old, swallowed a needle when he was a child. A few days ago, feeling a stinging pain in one of his toes, he examined the part and drew out the needle which was protruding slightly.

Expert

CARL C. MODY of California, U. S. A., has no hands, but has be-come so expert in writing by holding a pen in his teeth that he recently forged a cheque. The feat cost a month's imprisonment.

♦HE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, FEBRUARY 1950

DIABETES MELLITUS is a disease characterized principally

by a high blood sugar and the ap-pearance of sugar in the urine. Symptoms of the disease are depen-dent upon the degree of severity. Classical symptoms are loss of weight, thirst, excessive urination and hunger. Fatigue, drowsiness, sus-ceptibility to infections and fluctua-tions in visual acuity are also suggestive. These symptoms come on gradually. The first indication in the child may be bed wetting.

It is due to an actual or relative insulin deficiency. Insulin is a

A

B

E

E

S

hormone manufactured by the pan-creatic gland, located back of the stomach. When the supply is in-adequate, sugar in the diet is not stored normally in the liver after meals. Consequently the blood sugar is abnormally high and fluctuates widely, after meals particularly. The elevated blood sugar in an uncon-trolled diabetic predisposes to com-plications, chief of which are im-paired vision (even blindness), pre-mature hardening of the arteries, kidney infections, boils and carbun-cles, high blood pressure, and of course diabetic coma. Treatment

calls for special diet with restricted carbohydrate (sugar and sugar-forming foods), or diet plus insulin.

At least three-fourths of all patients are overweight before onset of the disorder, and occurrence is rare in persons who are twenty to thirty per cent underweight. It must be truthfully said, however, as one authority indicates, that "over-eating alone is not primarily responsible for the disease, for diabetes not in-frequently appears in persons of average or subnormal weight; it can-not be caused experimentally by over-feeding, and many obese persons escape diabetes, even after gross over-feeding of long duration. Like infection, trauma and emotional stress, excessive food intake and obesity must be considered precipi-tating rather than primary causes. Factors such as these probably tip the balance toward diabetes in per-sons previously susceptible to the disease for other, more fundamental reasons."

Heredity is a definite predispos-ing factor. It can be said that if both parents have diabetes, all offspring may be expected to become diabetic if they live long enough. If one parent has diabetes and the other does not come from a diabetic family, none of the children will have diabetes, although some may carry it to the next generation by marrying into another diabetic family. Two parents who are carriers may be expected to produce diabetes in one child out of four. If one parent is diabetic and the other a carrier, half of their children may he diabetic. There is a tendency for the disorder to appear about twenty years earlier on the average in each succeeding generation. The course of diabetes apparently begins about the time of birth, no matter how late in life it is recognized.

Further facts brought to light are the following:

"The earlier in life the diabetes appears the more rapidly the need for insulin increases. During the first few years after its recognition it tends to improve temporarily, probably as a result of treatment. For this reason it is important to recognize it early and treat it meti-culously. Temporary improvement could become permanent if mild diabetes were taken as seriously as severe diabetes. After ten years or more of known existence there are indications that it may show pro-gressive and permanent improve-

ment." Dr. Howard F. Root and associates of the New England Deaconess Hospital, U. S. A., also emphasize the importance of the ade-quate treatment of diabetes as follows: "Severe diabetes always begins as a mild case, but it does not follow that mild cases must pro-gress through the moderate to the severe stage. It is largely the lack of any treatment or the improper use of insulin, diet and exercise which causes the progression of the dis-ease. Realism bids us remember that the mild case seen today may be the gangrene, the carbuncle, or the coma case of tomorrow."

A long-continued, inadequate diet with great weight loss, in an effort to avoid the use of insulin, is fraught with grave danger, as many unfortunate experiences have shown. Vascular (blood vessel) complica-tions of diabetes including impair-ment in vision, usually develop within twenty years of the onset. Dr. Priscilla White of Boston, U.S.A., found that eight per cent of

W. H. ROBERTS, M.D.

her juvenile diabetic patients were absolutely free from vascular de-generation after twenty years. These were among her most meticulously controlled patients. The life expect-ancy of the diabetic since 1929 has been increased from two-thirds to three-fourths that of the general population.

The American Diabetic Associa-tion is planning for mass surveys and promotes the policy of a urine test for everyone every year. Tests are particularly important in rela-tives of diabetics, obese individuals, adults over forty, and individuals who feel below par. Tests are best made within ninety minutes of a full meal. In a doubtful case a blood-sugar test must be done. As the saying goes, "Someone in your family may have diabetes, it may be you.

As for the prevention of diabetes, a simple diet, with emphasis on natural foods, and restriction of sugar and other concentrated carbo-hydrates, abstemiousness, and ade-quate exercise are most conducive to health.


Consideration and sympathy go a long way in helping the expectant mother during difficult days of the first

three months.

PRE-NATAL

CARE

FOR

FATHERS

YOU MUST BE PARTNERS IN PARENTHOOD

BIRTH announcements usually read, "Mother and baby doing

well." But what about the father? We obstetrical nurses have on more than one occasion watched some of you fathers being pushed into the background in favour of the "new ruler" and often the new baby assumes just that role. Your wife almost unconsciously becomes so engrossed in the baby's schedule and in the care of the new arrival that her companionship with you is neglected.

Your job of earning is as imperat-ive to your child's welfare as your wife's role of caring for the family and home. Yet you also should have the pleasure of enjoying your baby from the moment he comes home. How, then, may you as a husband assume your rightful, undisputed place as a partner in the adventures of parenthood?

Your wife will need more assist-ance and understanding during her so-called waiting period than perhaps at any time in her life. The import-ance of the support that you can give her during this sometimes difficult nine months, cannot be over-empha-sized.

Go with her for that first visit to the obstetrician. Your presence will calm many of her misgivings about this new experience. Besides, the doctor will welcome this opportunity to meet you, answer any questions that you will have, and explain the details of the care he prescribes. He will determine whether you want the baby delivered in your home or at the hospital, and may possibly dis- cuss the financial arrangements. Many physicians charge a flat rate for an obstetrical case, which in- cludes all the office visits before delivery, the delivery and hospital calls, and a check-up six week afterward.

Encourage your wife to visit het dentist early in pregnancy. The old adage, "a tooth for every child," is no longer necessary. Dentists now believe that an improper diet and negligence are the causes of a wo-man's losing teeth during pregnancy rather than the fact that she is carry-ing a child. If she visits her dentist early, he can fill any cavities or extract decaying teeth. Many physi-cians will not allow their patients to undergo any form of ananthetic after the first few months.

Most hospitals cannot make room reservations for maternity patients because of the uncertain time of en-trance; therefore you will profit by going to consult them early about the cost of hospital care and the length of stay for a normal delivery. Such preparation will give you time to include this cost in your budget and

O

<.>

engage someone to care for your wife after dismissal.

With these details settled, you ca.. concentrate on your wife's welfare. There are so many ways that you can show your love for her. Don't tease her about her physical contours. She may joke about it and laugh with you, but it hurts her feelings. No woman relishes the changes her body undergoes during pregnancy. In-stead, tell her how proud you are of her, or that her hair is pretty, or that you like the way she wears her clothes. Many women are never more beautiful than during motherhood.

Strangely enough, your wife may experience morning nausea or vomit-ing at some time or another during the first three months. Some author-ities believe that these symptoms are due to some glandular hormone in-fluence. You may be able •to help her

8


Besides planning the home and its furnishing, the husband must plan to have the pleasure of enjoying the baby from the moment he arrives.

avoid these attacks by taking her some food, crackers or a glass of milk, before she rises. The carbo-hydrate in them tends to settle her stomach.

Encourage her to get up early in the morning and have breakfast with you. She can rest later in the morn-ing or in the afternoon, and she will feel better. Try to be patient when she seems nervous or cries for no apparent reason; oftentimes it re-lieves her of tension. Unless there is some specific reason for bed rest, which will be ordered by the doctor, do not make her an invalid. Preg-nancy may • be defined as "health under a strain," but with a few restrictions, there is no reason for inactivity.

During the latter months, the end of the day, before dinner, is often very trying for an expectant mother. She may be tired and irritable and complain of low back pain. This pain is due to the weight of the child and the strain on her back muscles. As you come home from your job you may also be weary. Cross words are sometimes the result. Surely you can curtail your emotions until you have had time to eat and relax a bit. Then your problems will not seem so paramount.

Have you ever been on a diet? Then, you can appreciate the will power it takes to turn down rich

desserts and eat what is prescribed. No doubt your wife will have a diffi-cult time trying to eat the foods that will nourish the child adequately as well as keep her weight within a specified gain. The first six months are relatively easy, but oh, those last three months! Probably the restric-tions will be similar to the follow-ing: "Avoid eating salt at the table, all fried and starchy foods, highly spiced foods, and any sort of pastry or rich desserts." If you will eat as she must, it certainly will be easier for her.

Routine out-of-door exercise is another bugaboo, particularly when the expectant mother tires easily. Walking is best. However, she should never become tired or chilled. Chill-ing is dangerous, for it throws a burden on the kidneys, which are already under a strain. Fatigue de-feats the benefits gained from the exercise. Accompany her as often as possible; this can then become a delightful and pleasant excursion—something which your wife looks forward to.

Most modern mothers avoid nurs-ing their children, though it is indeed

ERNESTINE MORRIS, R.N.

a privilege. The excuses women give for this neglect are numerous—lack of time, fear of "spoiling their figures," inconvenience, and others. Oftentimes if you fathers would en-courage this boon, and talk it over long before the baby comes, your wives would be willing and psychologically prepared to give their babies this definite advantage. Most doctors now believe that nursing mothers usually regain their trim figures sooner, and with less exercise, than those who do not nurse their babies. A breast-fed baby has a better chance of survival, is protected from certain diseases, has a greater resistance to infection, and has a superior emotional begin-ning. All these advantages should be considered when you think of the little fellow that is on his way.

Unfortunately, every expectant mother eventually converses with some busybody who is anxious to relate a gruesome birth, or her own experience or superstitions about childbirth. When this occurs, and no doubt it will, try to eliminate any fears that seem to have taken root in your wife's mind. If necessary, consult your doctor for assistance. Help her to maintain a healthy atti-tude without fear, anxiety, worry, fright, anger, jealousy, envy, sorrow, or hatred. Ask your doctor about anything that seems to worry her.

(Continued on p. 11)

THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, FEBRUARY 1950 9

PROTEIN_ Your Body's Great Need of It

cLAR M. KNOW LEs Author o Diabetic Diet Outlines

• • •••••:1::'

IN THE matter of eating, the housewife has a very great responsi-

bility, for it is she who largely determines the food habits of the family, and to a great extent whether her family shall be sick or well, since health depends so much on the food eaten.

Although most people engage in eating as the "most popular indoor sport," or just to satisfy hunger, actually, they eat to supply certain essentials that the body needs and without which health would suffer.

These essentials which supply this "hidden hunger" we should get in our food. But because deficiencies due to improper eating are not apparent at once, we sometimes think we can get by, and we try to cheat by eating just what we like—sweets and junk—instead of the food we know we should eat. But sooner or later the body, even though built with extra strength for emergencies and slow to yield to neglect, can and does break.

One of these essentials which plays such an important part in all the functions of the body, and is a con-stituent of the tissues and cells of all the organs, is protein. The im-portance of protein in fighting dis-ease and in maintaining normal health has taken on new emphasis, and as a result of recent investigation and study, important contributions have been made to dietetics. The best sources of protein are eggs, milk, legumes, and nuts. Although meat is the most widely used protein, it may be dispensed with.

Proteins are found to contain about twenty-two units, called amino acids. It is now known that ten of these are essential to health, and if only one is left out of the diet, health suffers. Foods containing these are said to be complete protein foods because they perform the necessary functions of

the body of repairing the worn-out tissues in the adult and of promoting growth in the young. These foods are milk and milk products, eggs, and meat. The protein of soybeans, nuts, and brewer's yeast is of excellent quality, but falls short slightly in one or two of these ten essential amino acids.

In order to have good health, not only the type of protein must have consideration, but the amount, too. Protein insufficiency will show up in the form of susceptibility to acute infectious diseases, such as colds, pneumonia, and influenza. Anyone who has repeated colds should check the diet to see if sufficient protein is consumed. When a cold hangs on over a long period, get a diet high in protein as well as rich in vitamins. Orange juice will not take the place of protein. However, the time to raise the resistance is before the cold hits you, and if the body's defences are up to par, one is protected against all infectious diseases, including colds.

Protein has rightly been called the mainstay of the diet. Perhaps you have started off in the morning feel-ing full of energy, but before you had scarcely tackled your day's work, you felt "worn out." You tire easily. This could have been caused by a lack of energy foods, by insufficient protein in the diet, or both. Someone has said that "protein spells pep." "But," you say, "I thought that starches, sugars, and fats were the energy foods." You are right. You should eat energy foods for energy, but protein gives the individual a feeling of strength and vigour which starches and sugars do not produce.

Many persons contract tuberculosis because of lowered protein intake, causing low resistance and under-nourishment. This is a disease that easily gets a foothold after an attack

of "flu" or a prolonged cold. Just as protein in increased amounts will promote healing of areas invaded by this germ, so it will protect against invasion in the first place.

When we speak of under-nourish-ment, we do not mean that the individual is simply underweight. To be under-nourished, one may or may not be underweight, but the body defences are depleted. Some believe that because they are in good flesh, they are well fortified against dis-ease. Girls, especially those afraid of gaining weight, will avoid milk be-cause they think it is fattening, and eat sweets and other foods which do not carry with them the important food elements, and as a result they become easy prey to diseases. This is because the protein is too low in the diet, and vitamins and minerals are not sufficient. Yet they may not appear under-nourished.

Proteins play a very important part in helping the body to deal with disease germs by resisting attacks made by the invasion of disease-pro-ducing bacteria. These disease germs are foreign proteins, and it takes pro-tein to build up the defending army which is largely made up of white cells (phagocytes, they are called), which act as scavengers, eating up the offending germs. They are the suicide squads, often dying in their attempt to dislodge the enemy, as is seen when pus collects in an infected area or in a boil. If the army on the defence is large enough, it will not allow the invaders to set up bases and establish themselves, militarily speaking; but if they are not able to deal with the invaders, they may be reinforced by another fighting force, the antibodies. But the phagocytes will arrest the aggression of the in-truders if the army is sufficiently large. Thus a real battle is in pro-

10


gress, and it requires a constant supply of reinforcements of phago-cytes being brought on the field of action. If necessary, the reserves, which are lodged in the bone mar-row, in the spleen, and in the liver, are brought out.

But even these reserves will not be replaced as soon as used up if there is protein under-nutrition. It has been found that when the pro-tein intake is sufficient at all times, the ability of the body to produce phagocytes is good; but when the intake of protein is insufficient, there is a great decrease of these fighters. Vitamins also co-operate with the proteins in maintaining a high state of resistance.

Antibodies are chemiCal protein bodies found in the blood that either neutralize the poisons produced by bacteria or clump them into groups that make them more easily elimi-nated. Cannon says: "With higher protein intake in typhoid fever, there is a constant supply of amino acids essential for the production of speci-fic antibodies necessary for localizing the typhoid bacilli and for restricting their growth and spread."

Recent study has revealed a very great necessity for surgical patients to have a good protein intake. An authority on this subject says, "The protein-deficient individual is a poor operative risk." When protein is stored, even though that amount is always small, the outlook for the surgical patient is safer. Under-feed-ing of protein delays the healing of wounds and fractures. There should be a sufficient amount in the diet to repair damaged tissues and prevent infection. It is said by authorities that those on a low-protein diet are more susceptible to shock after surgery or injury, and that in these persons shock occurs from very small losses of blood.

Deep and extensive burns also require high-protein diets, as there is much loss of protein. This is true of draining wounds, chronic infec-tions, or chronic bleeding. These losses must be made up by extra protein in the diet. Diarrhcea or vomiting will bring a shortage of protein that has been actually uti-lized by the body. The newer methods of feeding these cases is bringing most satisfactory results, and when the patient is not able to eat sufficiently of protein foods, the amino acids are given intravenously.

The liver, with the important duties it has to perform, must have

protein so as not to cause damage to the cells. It has been discovered that. in animals which are underfed, the liver loses protein, decreases in size, becomes fatty, and its function as the great detoxicator of the body is lessened.

For instance, an old-fashioned notion was that during a fever the patient should eat lightly. Even in long fevers, such as typhoid, a quart of milk a day was considered an adequate diet, as it was thought that the temperature was raised by food. The old method was to practically starve the patient. As a result of these drastic procedures, if the patient lived, he was weak, had- lost much weight, and convalescence sometimes ran into months. Now all this has changed, and the patient is not only fed a high-calorie diet be-cause of the high temperature, but a diet high in protein as well, as there is much tissue that is broken down, probably caused by the toxic action of the disease germs.

Everyone likes to have a good credit balance in the bank. And you will need to have your protein account balance too, which means that if you do not deposit as much nitrogen (which is found only in the protein foods) as you use up, you will go "in the red," and there will not be sufficient to use in repairing tissues and for other needs. Nitrogen you get in your foods, providing, of course, you eat the right ones.

Then, too, protein is a vital food-stuff in keeping the blood up to its

PRE-NATAL CARE FOR FATHERS

(Continued from p. 9)

Your only concern for danger is to be on the alert for the following symptoms:

1. Rapid increase in weight. 2. Puffiness, or swelling, in the

feet, ankles, or eyelids. 3. Persistent vomiting. 4. Headaches or dizziness. 5. Bleeding from the birth canal. 6. Marked decrease in urine. 7. Blurred vision or spots before

the eyes. 8. Burning pain in the pit of the

stomach. Try to arrange some sort of social

evening at least one night a week with congenial friends, or some other type of recreation she enjoys, per-haps eating out. These activities serve as an impetus to your wife to be at

normal requirements. Not only the red and white cells of the blood must have protein, but also the plasma, which is the most important con-stituent; for without protein, there would be no plasma. Certain tests reveal a low level of protein in plasma following diets deficient in protein. As protein is diminished in the diet, anaemia progresses. Most cases of amema are due not only to a lack of iron, but to a lack of pro-tein, also. Haemoglobin production is one of the first protein needs that must be supplied. Since proteins actually enter into the structure of body tissue, they are the "fabric of the fleshy part of the body," as well as of the internal organs and of the blood. When making a dress, if the material is limited, the dress must necessarily be shorter. Rats fed on low protein diets are shorter, and lack of protein in the diet is the reason why some of the short people you meet on the street are short. There just was not enough "fabric." So in growth, it is necessary to have good quality protein foods. Growth will not proceed normally without them. This is imperative in preg-nancy, too, and not only the quality, but the quantity of protein must have consideration.

We are not here mapping out a programme for those who have dis-eases in which protein is often restricted. In high blood pressure, for instance, as in almost all other diseases, the diet should have special consideration.

her best, and they really are a good stimulus for both of you. Other ways of planning enjoyable periods of companionship are reading aloud, attending pre-natal classes together and adult education classes in crafts or similar subjects, and preparing the layette. As your wife sews you can build furniture, redecorate a room, or fashion a bassinet. All these serve to cement your relationship.

I have heard some women boast that they did all their heavy work without help while they were preg-nant. Bravo for them, but it certainly is not a good policy, for it predis-poses to sagging muscles and per-haps leads to premature labour. You can lend a hand with the heavy, lifting, and the difficult jobs. Best of all, why not definitely plan to take some time off? You'll be richly re-paid in a closer understanding and companionship in planning together for the "blessed event."


11

A MOUTHFUL

OF

HEALTH

JOHN STEWART, L.D.S., R.F.P.S.

IT IS a good thing to take a definite interest in the care of one's teeth,

but perhaps the most important parts of the mouth in need of attention are the gums. If they are diseased, no matter how little dental decay there may be, the teeth will eventually be lost as a result—unless the condition is successfully treated. Many teeth have withstood the ravages of decay to survive as hard, blackened stumps —not very beautiful, but certainly quite useful to their owners for pur-poses of mastication. They have been able to serve this purpose only be-cause the gums have been healthy. On the other hand, perfectly sound teeth have been lost, because the gums became diseased.

Modern dental research has brought to light the decay-preventing properties of fluorine. This was first noticed in regions where drinking water contained a relatively high percentage of fluorine, causing dis-coloration in the teeth of children who had been born and brought up in such an area. These teeth, al-though discoloured, were markedly free from decay. Further investiga-tion showed that smaller quantities of fluorine in the water left the teeth unstained but still acted as a decay-

12

preventing factor, and in time a method of preventative treatment was evolved whereby a specially prepared fluorine compound was applied to the teeth. As a result of this treat-ment there was a marked decrease in decay.

All teeth, however, which are so treated will not entirely escape the attacks of dental decay since other factors, such as over-crowding and imperfect structure will render them very liable to attack. It is a step in the right direction of preventative dentistry which will be but wasted effort if more teeth are to be saved from decay only to be lost later through gum disease.

What preventative measures can be taken, then, as far as the gums are concerned? Just as fluorine resists attacks of caries (decay) in the enamel of teeth, so we find that Vita-min A plays an important part in resisting infection of the soft tissues (i.e., the gums). Vitamin C, to per-haps an even greater extent than Vitamin A, keeps the mouth in a healthy condition. The lack of this food factor causes tender and bleed-ing gums which are restored to nor-mal on supplying the deficiency.

The maintaining of good circula-

tion, especially in the extremities of the gum, between the teeth, will also ensure their health as the blood stream carries away any poisons which may be present. An adequate flow of saliva is, of course, essential in its cleansing action, dry gums being vulnerable to attacks by germs. This can be seen in cases of inflamed gums in the mouth of one whose anterior teeth and gums are very prominent. In this area the saliva evaporates leaving the gums dry and germs have an opportunity to pass through the comparatively delicate mucous membrane without being re-moved by the saliva. As there are in the mouth, all the time, germs capa-ble of causing disease, this state of affairs gives them the chance they have been waiting for.

THREE ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

These requirements—vitamins, aid to circulation, and salivary flow—are supplied when a liberal quantity of fresh fruit is included in the diet. Since there is no cooking, the vita-mins are not destroyed or changed in any way, so we have our preventa-tive substance taken into the body. During mastication of fresh fruit, its


A soft brush can be used to stimulate the gums and cause proper circulation of the blood.

fibrous structure massages the gums, pressing the blood through the blood vessels which may have become en-gorged with blood as in even a slight inflammation. This encouragement to circulation ensures that the tissue (gum) cells stay vitally alive since they are receiving fresh nourishment from a constant supply of blood, and at the same time, performing their function in taking part of the strain of mastication. Soft foods cannot give the gums this stimulation and because of a lack of usage they de-generate. A copious flow of watery saliva is encouraged by the juices of the fruit. Other foods may also en-courage salivary flow, but it is often a much thicker fluid necessary for this stage of digestion, and conse-quently not so effective in its cleans-ing action.

EAT PLENTY OF RAW FRUIT OR

VEGETABLES

The conditions of maintenance of oral health, therefore, are supplied by the inclusion in the diet of plenty of raw fruit; but when, as in north-ern countries, this is not always ob-tainable, raw vegetables may form a suitable substitute. Unfortunately most vegetables are only eaten after having been cooked and the fibrous structure softened. If the cooking is a lengthy process the vitamin content will be destroyed, and the gums with the rest of the body will be poorly equipped to fight even a mild infec-tion.

The normal cooking time for vege-tables, however, will not altogether destroy the vitamins, and there is usually enough to supply the re-quired amount; but, as mentioned above, the fibrous structure is rendered "tender" or "soft," this being the object of the process. By a proper use of the tooth brush the gums can be given stimulation which would otherwise be provided by fibrous foods. We have pointed out that the gums should have a fair share of the strain of mastication to assist in the circulation of the blood. A soft tooth brush can be used to produce a similar effect to that of the pressure of fibrous foods on the gums, if one ensures that the brush-ing process is not confined to the teeth alone. If a hard brush is used, there will be either damage to the gum surface or, what is more likely, the teeth only will be brushed; there will be no stimulation to the circula-tion in the gums, and the cleaning

COLUMBUS found the sweet potato in America and carried it

back as proof of the wonders of the New World. The first settlers in South America soon made it one of their favourite foods. We in this country are also familiar with this tuber.

Today we know the sweet potato as a prize package of food values. A rich source of vitamin A, it also provides appreciable quantities of vitamin C and small amounts of the B vitamins and minerals. It is a good source of energy-yielding food—even better than the potato. A medium-sized sweet potato gives about 150 calories to the potato's 100. It can, therefore, play a. valuable part in supplementing our diet, particularly during shortage of cereals. For balance and variety, let sweet pow-

will be incomplete as food debris will have been left in the places near the gums, the latter being too pain-ful to touch. It is in these deposits of food debris that germs can accu-mulate long enough either to attack the enamel of the teeth or the mucous membrane of the gums, especially if the food has been of a type to cause a flow of thick, sticky saliva, rather than of the thin fluid variety.

In this way an inflammation of the gums may commence and at an early stage a small red and swollen area may be seen round the necks of the teeth, or the inflamed part may re-main hidden between the teeth so that there is bleeding on the slightest pressure. When blood is seen on the tooth brush under conditions like

toes alternate with potatoes in your daily menus. The two vegetables are almost alike in food values; there-fore, they should not be served at the same meal.

In order to retain their nutritive value sweet potatoes must be cooked in their jackets. After cooking, the thin skin of the sweet potato is easy to remove; and while peeling, the nutrients are not wasted.

If you do have to peel sweet pota-toes for a special dish, peel them thin just before use; put the pared sweet potatoes in salted water to keep them from darkening.

Cook sweet potatoes quickly. Serve piping hot, so there is little chance for air to rob their good store of vitamin C.

—Food and Nutrition.

these, it is not a sign to stop brushing but rather to continue the habit regularly as it will help to bring fresh blood to the affected part carrying the white blood corpuscles which fight the germs. The tooth brush should be kept in fresh anti-septic to prevent re-infection when it is used again. Should, however, the infection go beyond this and ulcera-tion of the gums be seen, then brush-ing of the gums must cease but only until the acute stage of the -disease has been treated.

A tooth brush is therefore not merely an instrument for cleaning teeth, but it is the means of giving the gums that "exercise" which they lack because of our methods of food preparation.

THE

SWEET POTATO IN

EVERYDAY MEALS


13

LYLE C. SHEPARD, M.D.

OF THE three most important forms of heart disease—rheu-

matic, high blood pressure, and coro-nary—rheumatic heart disease, caus-ed by rheumatic fever, gives us the most concern, because it so vitally affects our children and their future. Not only is it a killer, but it also leaves thousands crippled, thus caus-ing untold hardship to families involved as well as the one afflicted. Prof. Thomas J. Dry, of the Univer-sity of Minnesota, U. S. A., states this very vividly in the following words:

"The occurrence of rheumatic fever in any if its forms is indeed a


The Most Important Form of Heart Disease

14

tragedy in any household. The cost-liness of the prolonged care, the un-certainty as to the eventual outcome after sacrifices of no small magni-tude have been made, and the educa-tional and training problems in-volved during convalescence and at times thereafter, add up to a picture which is nothing short of gloomy."

Heart disease is the most impor-tant and the most serious manifesta-tion of rheumatic fever. Rheumatic heart disease accounts for fully 90 per cent of the deaths from heart disease in children, and is responsi-ble for about one third of the damaged hearts in adults. It is found about equal as to sex, and all races are subject to it. Although rheumatic fever is found in all climates, it is more common and more severe in the colder and damper parts of the country. It tends to run in families, probobly not so much because it is inherited as because family members live under similar environment; the disease being favoured by poor housing, malnutrition, lack of medi-cal care, and crowded living condi-tions.

The ,exact causative agent for rheumatic fever has not been defi-nitely established, but it is known to be related to streptococcal infections. The streptococcus bacteria causes sore throats, tonsillitis, and other respiratory infections. Tests show that nearly every case of acute rheumatic fever has been preceded from one to five weeks by strepto-coccus infections of the respiratory tract.

Rheumatic fever is pre-eminently a disease of childhood and young adult life, the most frequent age being seven to eight years, and fully three fourths of those acquiring the disease are under fifteen years of age. The symptoms of the disease may be very mild, such as fatigue with slight fever, muscle and joint pains sometimes referred to as growing pains; or it may be severe, with the fever going as high as 105 degrees. The severity of the disease is no indica-tion as to the extent of damage the heart receives, for sometimes it apparently escapes injury, but at other times the damaged heart may be the only manifestation of the disease. In some instances chorea (St. Vitus' dance), due to the effect of the dis-ease on the nervous system, is the leading symptom.

The leading single sign of the dis-ease is arthritis of several joints. One of the outstanding features of this arthritis is its migratory nature;

the joint or joints first involved get well rather rapidly, new joints be-coming affected; and thus it travels. It is possible for every joint in the body to become inflamed in turn. The larger joints and those subject to the most stress and' strain are the ones usually first involved. It is rare for this arthritis to attack only one joint. The joints become tender and painful, and the tissues around them swell.

Besides the manifestations men-tioned above—St. Vitus's dance and arthritis—the following conditions also frequently exist: general weak-ness and prostration, sweating, head-ache, nose-bleed, nausea and vomit-ing, loss of weight, skin rash, small nodules under the skin in certain regions of the body, and an increased number of white blood cells in the blood.

The effect of rheumatic fever on the heart is the item of chief concern. This disease tends to recur from time to time, the most frequent seasons being in the autumn and spring in cold countries. If the heart escapes one attack, it is liable to be caught during one of these recurring epi-sodes. The younger the age for the initial attack of rheumatic fever, the more common are the recurrences of acute infection.

All structures of the heart can be invaded and if this be the case, it frequently is fatal. However, the most common structures involved are the valves of the heart. The valves become inflamed, and wart-like lesions form on them. When these damaged valves heal they become thickened and distorted. The valves may be nearly sealed, so that it is. difficult to force blood through, or they may be held open so that with each heart beat the blood is forced backward, or both conditions can be present at the same time. This naturally leads to an over-worked heart, and ultimately to heart failure which is the usual cause of death in rheumatic heart disease.

The blood passing through these impaired valves causes abnormal heart sounds, called murmurs. In one half of those with rheumatic heart disease the rhythm of the heart becomes rapid and irregular. Older persons acquire this more frequently.

The average length of life for those with rheumatic heart disease is thirty-three years; one third die within five years after the disease has been acquired; and a third before adolescence. Those that survive adolescence usually reach maturity.

The treatment naturally divides itself into four divisions: (1) Pre-vention as far as possible of the initial infection, (2) forestallment of recurrent attacks, (3) care of the patient with rheumatic fever, and (4) routine to be followed by those with damaged hearts.

Children should have well-ordered lives, should be properly housed, fed, and clothed, and should not be unduly exposed to those who are ill, especially those with acute infections. Any respiratory infection, that is, all types of colds, should be treated promptly.

When one has recovered from an attack of rheumatic fever, it is of vital importance that there be no recurrence. This means somewhat of a sheltered life until adolescence has been passed. Living in a mild climate is of advantage, especially during the cold, damp, and changeable weather periods of the year. Those who can-not be thus favoured might do well to take certain medicines daily dur-ing the autumn and spring, as this procedure appears to help in ward-ing off the disease. At the first sign of infection penicillin should be given in adequate amounts. Diseased tonsils are better removed, but, of course, not while one is ill.

The rheumatic fever patient re-quires bed rest and good nursing care, nourishing food, sunshine, fresh air, plenty of liquids, and proper medicines for pain and the arthritis. Bed rest should be con-tinued for two weeks after the temperature has become normal, after all signs of the arthritis have disappeared, after the blood picture and heart rate have become normal, and after the weight lost has been restored. The tendency is to get up too soon. The return to normal acti-vity should be gradual, and at the first sign of a flare-up, the patient should be returned to bed.

Those whose hearts have been damaged need to have frequent medical examinations, say, every three months and more often if indi-cated; follow right principles of diet, sleep, rest, and so forth; avoid com-petitive sports and strenuous exercise or work; and treat all infections promptly. Any complications, such as blood clots, auricular fibrillation, subacute bacterial endocarditis, or congestive heart failure, should be treated adequately as they arise. The individual with this disease needs close supervision by the family physician.


15

During the process of growth, a large portion of the daily diet should consist of foods rich in calcium to assure the

construction of sound bones and strong teeth.

CALCIUM is important to life, because it is the most abundant

mineral in the body, comprising about two per cent of the human system. Thus, in a person weighing 150 pounds there will be approxi-mately three pounds of calcium, nearly all of it in the skeletal tissues, the bones and teeth. Most of this calcium is combined with another important mineral, phosphorus, to form calcium phosphates, some-times popularly called lime salts; and another ten per cent occurs in the body in the form of calcium carbonate. The blood stream also contains small amounts of calcium, which help to keep it in proper chemical balance and aid in the coagulating properties of the blood.

During the process of growth calcium and phosphorus must be supplied in adequate amounts to the body to assure the construction of sound bones and strong teeth. Be-cause growth begins not at birth but at conception, the expectant mother must obtain sufficient calcium in her diet not only for her own daily needs but for those of the developing foetus. If she does not do so she will draw calcium from her own bones to supply the child in her womb. For this reason the calcium requirement in pregnancy is set at about double that of the normal adult, and a similar high quantity of this mineral is needed by the nursing mother.

Growing children, from birth up to the age of about twenty, also re-quire more calcium and phosphorus than do adults. If they do not get these minerals, or if the ratio be-tween the two minerals is badly out of balance, or if the diet is lacking in certain other nutrients which aid in the proper deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the bones, the dis-ease known as rickets will develop. The adult counterpart of rickets, also due to calcium deficiency, is the malady known as osteomalacia.

The "other nutrients" which pro-

mote the proper use of calcium by the body, especially in growing chil-dren, are vitamin D, lactose, or milk sugar, protein, and moderate amounts of dietary fat. It has taken the scientists a long time to find out these facts, but Mother Nature under-stood them from the beginning. Milk, the common and almost the exclusive food of young childhood, not only is our most valuable food source of both the essential minerals, calcium and prosphorus, in the best ratio (1.2 to 1.0) for body utilization, but is also an excellent source of lactose, protein, and fat. Milk in its natural state, whether from the human breast or from the great foster mother of the race, the cow, does not contain an adequate amount of vitamin D; but here modern science has come to the rescue and has developed effica-cious methods for adding this neces-sary nutrient to milk. Until this was accomplished about twenty years ago, vitamin D was obtained in the

diet mainly from cod liver oil and other fish oils, or else by exposure of the human skin to sunlight, the rays converting certain types of fats in the skin into the vitamin.

Although pure milk is and always has been our best and most practical dietary source cf calcium and phos-phorus, recent investigations have shown that even this most nearly perfect food yields to the body only about one third of its content of calcium. The same results are ob-tained from milk in any form, whole fluid or skim. pasteurized or raw, evaporated or dried, homogenized or non-homogenized. Other foods like-wise refuse to give up their full quota of calcium.

A few focds are rich in calcium, and yet yirtually none of it is available to the body. In this cate-gory is that old stand-by, spinach, which is full of calcium and iron, but is also stocked with a substance known as oxalic acid. The minerals

Your Daily Need For


Milk, dairy products, and green vegetables, designated as "protective" foods are rich in calcium.

THE

GOOD

ON'T

DIE

OUNG

JAMES A. TOBEY, Ph.D.

combine with the acid to form in-soluble oxalates which the body simply cannot utilize. Despite this disadvantage, spinach is a good food for a number of other reasons. It is rich in vitamins A and C, as well as in the newly discovered anti-anwmic factor known as folic acid, and it provides regular roughage in the diet.

On the other hand, various leafy green vegetables such as kale, cab-bage, lettuce, broccoli, and turnip greens furnish an abundance of easily assimilable calcium. With the exception of spinach, rhubarb leaves, beet greens, and sorrel, all of which have too much oxalic acid, all greens are good sources of calcium, and all should be used liberally in sensible and well-balanced daily diets. The grains are, in general, excellent sources of phosphorus but are low in calcium, although wheat breads made with milk obviously will have a fair supply of this mineral.

Pre-eminent among the dietary sources of calcium is cheese, a quarter of a pound of solid cheese providing the same amount of cal-cium as a whole quart of milk, or approximately one gram. Other dairy products, including ice cream and buttermilk, are sources of this in- dispensable mineral, but butter and cream have comparatively little of it, although they are valuable in the diet for other reasons.

Aside from milk and dairy pro-ducts, leafy, green vegetables, car-rots, green peas, string beans, almonds, and dried figs, most other foods are comparatively low in cal-cium. Because of their richness in calcium and also in vitamin A, dairy products and green vegetables were designated as "protective" foods many years ago. Although this term has gone out of fashion in modern nutritional circles, milk and its products and green vegetables are still regarded as basic foods, which should be the foundation, along with fruits, of the healthful daily diets of both children and adults.

An individual may get along for a time on a relatively low intake of calcium, but eventually this defi-

ciency will become manifest in decreased vitality, . fatigue, nervous troubles, and various other physical and mental difficulties. Conversely, an ample supply of calcium in the daily diet, that gram a day as a minimum, will be conducive to optimum health, to nervous stability, and to healthful longevity.

Investigations in the laboratory have demonstrated, in fact, that the right diet throughout life can add about ten years to the actual span of healthful existence. When broken down into specific components, it has been further shown that the dietary factors chiefly responsible for this gratifying increase in the life span are vitamin A; riboflavin, a vitamin of the B complex; and the food mineral, calcium.

ONCE a representative of a large industry was sent to the United

States of America to make a study of American business methods. Ob-serving that the responsible positions were occupied almost wholly by young men, after a time he ventured to inquire, "Where are your old men?" His attention was directed to a hillside cemetery. He was informed that the old men were either dead or "on the scrap heap.92

When a man dies at the age of fifty it is not the over-exertion or the hot weather of 'today or yesterday that caused his death. It is usually something he has been doing for years, under the delusive belief that he was not being injured thereby, that is responsible for his death.

It is well known that habitual beer drinkers never live to extreme old age. They practically all die pre-maturely. The beer drinker may have

the appearance of robust health. He may have a flushed face and a supply of fatty tissue, but it is of an in-ferior quality. He has a degenerate heart, degenerate blood vessels, and degenerate kidneys. Should he be stricken down with pneumonia, in-fluenza, or some other acute disease, the chances for recovery would be against him. He has no margin left to draw upon. If he should die, it would be beer and not pneumonia or influenza that killed him.

A great deal has been said about the injury sustained by the use of immature whisky. All immature whisky contains furfurol to which is attributed the chief injury sustained from its use. It is not generally known that cigarette smoke contains this same poison.

The Lancet, in referring to its findings a few years ago, said:

"The furfurol contained in the


17

The cigarette addict is frequently at his worst when he awakes in the morning, and cannot resume

work without reaching out for a smoke.

smoke of only one Virginian cigarette may amount, according to our ex-periments, to as much as is present in a couple of fluid ounces of whisky. Furfurol... is stated to be about fifty times as poisonous as ordinary alcohol, and small doses cause symp-toms of transient irritation, such as ataxia (failure of muscle co-ordina-tion), tremors and twitching, while in adequate quantities, furfurol gives rise to epileptiform convul-sions, general muscular paralysis, ending in paralysis of the respira-tory muscles."

As the use of cigarettes becomes more prevalent, we may expect an increase in nervous exhaustion and premature disability and death.

Why is smoking of cigarettes in-creasing so rapidly? Tobacco is so prevalently employed because it buries undesirable symptoms for the time being, but these are later resur-rected in an aggravated form. In order for one to maintain a feeling of well-being, it soon becomes neces-sary to keep in a state of semi-un-consciousness all the time. The cigarette addict instead of being at his best when he awakes in the morning, is actually at his worst, as far as his feelings are concerned. He not infrequently has a smoke before he has his breakfast, and to resume work without the accustomed smoke is practically an impossibility.

Tobacco smoking, and especially smoke inhalation as practised to-day in cigarette smoking, is a drug addiction, just as is the use of morphine. A smoke in the morning and afternoon helps the smoker in the same way that a dose of morphine would help the addict. Cigarette smokers are never as fit as non-smokers. If cigarette smoking increased the fitness of our young men, cigarette smoking would have been encouraged long before this time by professional sports managers and among the players. If it is true that better work can be done by cigarette smokers, then why do not manufacturers and other employers everywhere put up notices: "Only cigarette smokers employed," or, "Non-smokers of cigarettes need not apply"? Such notices have never been seen up to the present. The fact is, cigarette smokers are not in de-mand anywhere.

In a certain city a wholesale tobacco house advertising for young men employees rejected numerous of its applicants for no other reason

than that they were cigarette smokers. They rec-ognized that smok-ing is injurious and makes one less fit for work. But we have come to a time when prac-tically everybody smokes, and manu-facturers and mer-chants are up against a difficult proposition. They have to employ smokers, or go without employees.

Thomas Edison, the great electrical genius and in-ventor, said: "Cig-arette smoke has a violent action on the nerve centres, producing a de-generation of the cells of the brain, which is quite rapid among boys. Unlike most narcotics, this de-generation is permanent and un-controllable. No man or boy who smokes cigarettes can work in my laboratories. In my opinion there are enough degenerates in the world without manufacturing more by means of cigarettes."

Cancer of the tongue or lip, it is recognized, is invariably found in smokers. William J. Mayo, M.D., said, "The arch-enemy of middle age and beyond is cancer. Cancer of the lips and tongue is on the increase, as the habit of smoking is on the

WHEN PNEUMONIA STRIKES (Continued from p. 19)

isolated in the same way as diphtheria is isolated. The discharges from the nose and throat should be burned. And the number of persons coming in contact with one having pneumo-nia should be limited, to lessen the number of carriers.

The treatment of pneumonia is the problem of the attending physician, and it is not my purpose to give a detailed discussion of it in this article. However, a few general facts may be stated. Every case of pneu-monia should be placed under the care of a competent physician as early as possible, as time is one of

increase in both sexes." We may in the future expect to see more cancer of the throat among women.

Metchinkoff, the great scientist, once made the statement: "Man ought to be at his best at eighty-five. He should be still active at 120, and should live to the age of 140 years." Science. he assured us, would yet accomplish this.

This may be too much to expect, but certainly the condition of our young men and men in the middle period of life could be greatly im-proved and their lives prolonged if they gave up cigarettes.

the most important factors in the treatment of this disease. Often a case of pneumonia may be broken up quickly at the onset; but, if delayed, it must run its course, with days and even weeks of uncertainty and anxiety as to the outcome. Every case of pneumonia should have a well-trained nurse in attendance, with the patient preferably in a hospital. Relatives may do the best they can in the home for the patient, but they have neither the skill nor the facilities for the modern and efficient care necessary in the care of pneu-monia. Even the physician and the trained nurse are often at a loss to know how to care properly for a case of pneumonia in the home.

18


PNEUMONIA is one of the most prevalent and fatal of all acute

diseases. It has always been a deadly scourge to the human race. Although, through the use of more recently developed drugs, the mortality rate has been greatly reduced, yet in spite of the use of these so-called "miracle-working medicines," pneumonia is still a most serious disease. Cases of pneumonia are on the increase, due to factors favouring the spread of the infection, especially in crowded areas, and also to certain devitaliz-ing influences of modern life, which heighten man's susceptibility to the disease.

Practically all pneumonia deaths could have been prevented. To a large extent, pneumonia is due to carelessness, procrastination, pre-sumption, and ignorance. It almost always follows some other devitaliz-ing, infectious disease, such as a cold, influenza, or whooping cough. The individual suffering with a cold pays but little attention to it. He goes on with his work, thus exposing those with whom he comes in contact. He develops a tight cough, but still con-tinues his activities. Suddenly he is taken with a severe chill and a stabb-ing pain in his chest. Another case of pneumonia has developed, due to carelessness and presumption.

A man comes down with a case of influenza. The physician orders him to rest in bed for at least three days after the temperature is normal. About the second day after the fever disappears, the patient begins to feel restless, and wants to get back to

ARTHUR E. HOLLENBECK, M.D.

"flu." The physician knows it can-not be done.

If pneumonia were a new disease, it would be regarded as "contagious," and its spread would be guarded against by isolation and the applica-tion of the strictest antiseptic princi-ples. But since the disease has been known from antiquity, and because of its prevalence, little attention is given to its prevention. The attitude is taken that "I didn't get it last year or the year before, and I guess I won't get it this year."

Pneumonia is a communicable dis-ease which should be classified with the infectious fevers. It is usually caused by a micro-organism called the pneumococcus; but many other micro-organisms may cause pneumo-nia, such as streptococci, influenza bacilli, typhoid bacilli, and others. These organisms are not only found in the lungs, but they may also invade the blood stream. When this happens, the disease is more severe.

Pneumonia occurs in all climates. It is prevalent in tropical as well as in cold countries, although it shows geographical differences.

Pneumonia shows a distinct sea-sonal prevalence, most frequently occurring in the winter and spring months. This is not necessarily ac- counted for by the chilling effects of cold, moist air, although cold, wetting, and chilling are generally re-garded as predisposing causes since

temperatures very well. The ordinary germicidal agencies destroy it quickly, and with certainty. It may live for months in dried sputum, and main-tain its full degree of virulence. From a brief study of the character-istics of the pneumococcus, it can be seen that its direct infectious nature can be controlled very easily by certain simple precautions. Since heat kills the organisms, eating utensils and clothing can be made safe by boiling. Refrigeration is of little value. The free use of the ordinary germicidal agents in the sick-room is important.

One attack of pneumonia does not leave an immunity, as is the case with some other diseases. In fact, one attack predisposes to subsequent attacks. Recurrence is more common in pneumonia than in any other acute disease. As many as twenty-eight attacks in the same individual have been recorded. This fact makes it more important that after one attack of pneumonia every precaution be taken to prevent another. In addition to the debilitating diseases, some of the more common agencies which lower resistance and immunity to pneu-monia are exposure to cold, severe injury, alcoholic indulgence, sudden changes in temperature, irritation caused by aspiration of foreign sub-stances or the inhalation of dust and irritating vapours, fatigue, and over-exertion. It also should be remem-bered that pneumonia, like other communicable infections, frequently attacks the strong and robust.

The prevention of pneumonia is rapidly becoming more definite

WHEN PNEUMONIA STRIKES

work. He disregards the physician's orders. His resistance is low, his temperature is usually below normal, and he is toxic. He finds he is weaker than he thought, but he tries to finish the day's work. Suddenly he takes a chill, and develops high fever; there is a relapse, and pneu-monia sets in. Another case of pneumonia due to ignorance. He thought he could cut corners on .the

they lower the resistance of the bronchial and pulmonary tissues.

The pneumococcus is a very interesting micro-organism. It occurs in pairs enclosed in a capsule with the adjoining surfaces flattened and the distal ends somewhat pointed. It is a frail organism, and does not multiply in nature outside the body. It is readily destroyed by heat; on the .other hand, it withstands low

through better understanding of the causes of the infection, and the factors that contribute to its spread. Man is the source and fountain-head of the infection. Each case of pneu-monia is a focus for the spread of virulent pneumococci. Isolation of the patient and disinfection of his discharges are of paramount import-ance. Cases of pneumonia should be

(Continued on p. 18)


19

Our Kiddie's Corn

THE OLD MISER ONCE upon a time there lived a

miser, all by himself. Although he had a great deal of golden money stored away in a chest, he was really a very poor old man indeed, for nobody loved him. He had wasted all the best years of his life in amas-sing more money than he could ever use, and in his old age he was all alone. And now he looked stern and cruel. Little children ran and hid when they saw him coming; older people shook their heads, and said, "There goes the miser, off again to count his money bags!"

The miser had one friend, a sly, blue-black jackdaw with a wicked, shining eye. He flew in and out of the window at will, and perched on the back of the miser's chair, and helped himself to food from his plate. He had no fear of anyone, that wily old jackdaw, and he pulled pieces of wool out of the miser's hearthrug to line his nest.

Now one day it seemed to the miser as he counted his gold that the pile had grown less. Feverishly he watched it, and it certainly was shrinking. Coin by coin the precious gold that he had spent all his life collecting was fast slipping fiom him.

"I am being robbed!" said the miser miserably, for he knew he was old, and there was no one to help him catch the thief.

In vain the miser sat up all night. waiting. In vain he guarded his treasure. Day by day it grew less, and less, till there was hardly any of it left; and no one ever seemed to come near his cottage.

One winter's morning, when the

snow lay on the ground, the miser traced little footprints close to his house.

"Now I shall find my treasure," he said, rubbing his hands with glee.

He came to a pile of faggots, and bent down. The first thing that caught his eye was the glint of gold, but it was the gold of a little child's hair!

Tenderly the miser carried her into his house. He laid her by the fire and tended her until the life came back to the frozen limbs and colour into the little face. Then he searched among the faggots for his treasure, but it wasn't there.

No one came to take the child away, and in the days that followed the miser learned that there are things worth more than gold. His treasure was gone, but the dusty rooms rang with the laughter of a little child. Day by day he missed his money a little less.

"This is my treasure now," he would say as he stroked the child', soft, bright hair.

The warm, spring sun melted the snow, and left bare the ivy that covered the hole in the wall where the wily old blue-black jackdaw had made his nest out of bits of the miser's hearthrug.

One day the child was playing close by, and she waited until the jackdaw had gone out; then she climbed up the ivy and looked for his nest. When she found the hole that had bits of the miser's hearthrug sticking out, she knew that was it. She peeped in; inside it was all dark. She thrust her little fat arm in to see what shape he had made his nest,

and, to her surprise, she brought out a handful of gold.

Quickly she fetched the miser. There, hidden in the blue-black jackdaw's nest, was all the lost treasure. Coin by coin it had been carried off under the miser's nose, and he had never suspected that his one friend could be the thief.

So the miser was rich again. But he no longer hoarded his money, he spent it; and he spent it in the only way in which money can bring real pleasure, and that is in making others happy.—The Children's Hour.

4 BABY FOOD I.

N. N. "V. N. 'r 0(

20


The home can never be too clean —especially the kitchen. The place where our food is prepared should be the most orderly and the cleanest place in all the house. The habit of throwing refuse on the floor which is done sometimes in even fine homes, is not a good one. Special con-


BEAUTY HINTS

For Hands and Face: For hands that are chaffed and rough use cu-cumber juice made by grating a lit-tle cucumber and squeezing out the juice. Rub this over the hands a few minutes and allow to dry. Then wash in warm water and a mild soap, dry thoroughly and rub a little cold cream or plain coconut oil into the hands.

Hydrogen Peroxide, used with care and applied with cotton wool on the face and hands, will whiten and soften the skin. It should be washed off after a few minutes. Cu-cumber juice is good for the same purpose as is also pineapple juice and lime juice.

Baths: Daily bathing is the great-est beauty aid known. This means not only to bathe the outside of the body but also the inside. Drink at least six or eight glasses of water each day. It will help to beautify not only face and form but it will make a healthy blood stream upon which all real beauty is dependent.

0

HOUSE CLEANING

EVERY day and every week-end our houses need thorough clean-

ing, but there are certain things which do not necessarily need to be done every week, such as the wash-ing of windows, the cleaning of chests, the polishing of furniture and doors. These things can be done once a month or as often as necessary. People who live in apartment houses and have stairways to contend with need to see that the stairways are brushed and cleaned every day.

tainers and dishes should be used for this purpose, and for nothing else. A basket, a tin can, a bucket, or a tin plate, should be found in every kitchen, yes, in every room, in which to place refuse that ac-cumulates.

BED CLOTHES

It is a good custom to air bed clothes every day, and see that they are clean and free from impurities. In the cold season when blankets are needed, special care should be taken of these. Woollen blankets may have a strip of sheeting basted at the top, about six or eight inches wide, go-ing the entire width of the blanket, to ensure cleanliness and less laun-dering of the blanket itself. The strips of cloth can easily be removed and basted on again after being washed.

Cotton blankets should be washed often and sheets need to be washed very often. Tape on charpais should be removed and washed frequently and charpais and beds should be sprayed periodically with disinfect-ant to ensure freedom from vermin. Human beings spend nearly one-third of their lives in bed sleeping, so we should take the greatest care to keep our beds clean and whole-some.

UTENSILS

The common care of utensils of brass, copper, silver, clay, or por-celain, needs the special attention of the housewife herself. Every woman takes pride in the outward shine of these vessels but many times the in-side is not as bright and clean as it might be. Food poisoning is a fre-quent occurrence in our country and we need to guard well the cleanli-ness of plates, cups, spoons, and other implements used in connection with food. The plastic utensils now manufactured are easy to keep clean and are most durable. If new plates, cups, spoons, jugs, and other things are needed, try these.

RECIPES JOWARI BREAKFAST MUFFINS

One cup jowari flour; 1 cup bread flour; 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder; 1 egg; 1 cup milk; 1 tablespoonful melted fat; 1 tablespoonful sugar; teaspoonful salt.

Sift all the flour, salt, and baking powder together; beat the egg in a bowl and add the milk, melted fat and sugar. Stir well; add the flour and mix well again. Put two tablespoonfuls of this mixture into each well-oiled muffin tin and bake in a hot oven from twenty to thirty minutes until a golden brown. This makes twelve large muffins. (All measurements level.)

CREAMED EGGS

Two cups milk; 3 eggs, hard boiled, shelled and chopped; 2 tablespoonfuls bread flour, level; 1 teaspoonful butter; salt to taste.

Heat the milk to boiling and make a smooth paste of the flour in three table-spoonfuls of water. Add this with the salt to the boiling milk and boil until a thick sauce is formed, stirring all the time. Add the butter and the chopped eggs. This serves three.

STEWED BENDI AND TOMATOES

Two cups sliced bendi (lady fingers); 3 tomatoes, chopped; 1 onion, chopped; /2 teaspoonful salt; 1 tablespoonful chopped coriander leaves; 1. tablespoon-ful oil or fat.

Drop the -tomatoes in boiling water. Remove the skin and chop fine. Saute the chopped onion in a little fat, using a saucepan that will hold the rest of the ingredients. Add the bendi and stir and fry for about ten minutes. Add the chopped tomatoes and salt. Set at the back of the stove and let simmer for fifteen or twenty minutes. Add the chopped coriander leaves and serve. (The last item may be omitted.)

SOUTH INDIA VADDAI

One cup gram dal, soaked and ground fine; 2 onions, chopped fine; 1 capsicum, chopped fine; 1 bunch coriander (green), chopped; 1/2 teaspoonful haldi powder (turmeric); 'A teaspoonful salt; 1 cup oil for deep frying.

Grind the well-soaked gram on the curry stone until it is a very smooth paste. Add the chopped onion, the capsi-cum, and the chopped coriander leaves, salt and haldi. Mix well. Press mixture into flat cakes between the hands, drop into boiling fat and fry until a golden brown.

JOWARI AND SWEET POTATO CHAPPATIES

One large sweet potato; 1 cup atta; 1 cup jowari flour; 1 teaspoonful ghur; Yz cup water (or less); IA teaspoonful salt.

Boil the sweet potato and mash after removing the skin. Add the sifted jowari and atta. Mix well with the

21

L gives all that others promise.

Buy this pure green soap today

and you'll go on enjoying—to

the last wafer—the freshness

of its fragrant lather: a tonic

for even babies' skin—sooth-

ing, cleansing, beautifying. 6 annas

10. NATIONAL SOAP OF UNEQUALLED VAitie

Some of the other renowned ter Soar:,

Xe )42 4eas Sitsvh4 Shel, She.ing Round

also

gunromeed 100% pure—free from animal fat

GODREJ SOAPS, LTD. Bombay—Calcutta—Madras—Cochin

Delhi—Hyderabad (Dn.)—Ahmedabad

sweet potato, ghur and salt. Add enough water to make a stiff dough. Knead well and divide into portions for chappaties the size of a plate. Roll out thin and bake. This makes twelve delicious chappaties. Serve with your favourite curry or curds. The same dough may also be cut into small rounds after being rolled thin, and fried in deep fat. These blow up like purries and are a favourite bread when served warm. Cold left-over purries may be re-heated in the oven a few minutes before serv-ing.

CABBAGE AND APPLE SALAD

One cup cabbage, grated on coarse grater or chopped tine; 2 apples, chopped fine or sliced thin as preferred; 1/2 tea-spoonful salt or more to taste; 1/2 cup very thick curds, or 1/2 cup cream and juice of one lime mixed together.

Combine all the above ingredients and serve. Serves four.

SALAD OF GREEN LEAVES

Chopped pollock, lettuce, celery leaves, and a few green spring onions with a chopped capsicum.

The above greens make an excellent salad. All these greens should be washed in several waters and a little Milton should be added to the last water to ensure perfect cleanliness. It is understood that only perfect leaves and other ingredients should be used. Great care must be taken in this respect when preparing foods which are to be eaten raw. Combine all these greens and the mixture may be topped with a dressing made with a tablespoonful of salad oil and the juice of one lime mixed together.

COCONUT GHUR CAKE WITH RAISINS

One cup grated coconut; 1 cup ghur syrup; 1/2 cup butter, ghee, or substi-tute; 1 cup atta; 1/2 teaspoonful soda bicarbonate; 1 cup flour; 1 teaspoonful baking powder; 1 cup raisins; 1 inch fresh ginger, ground fine; 1/2 teaspoon-ful cinnamon powder; 1/2 teaspoonful salt; 3 level tablespoonfuls egg powder mixed with the same amount of water; 1/3 cup water.

Beat together the ghur syrup, melted fat, and then the egg powder and add to this the flour which has pre-viously been sifted with the baking powder and the soda bicarbonate. Add the remaining ingredients stirring well. The raisins should be well washed, stoned, and slightly floured before they are added. Bake in a moderate oven, and when cool decorate with—

COCONUT GHUR ICING

One cup shredded or grated coconut; 1 cup ghur syrup; 1 egg white; 1 pinch salt.

Add the pinch of salt to the egg white and beat to a stiff froth—a rotary egg Neater is the best for this purpose. (The egg should be perfectly fresh or it

will not stiffen.) The ghur syrup should be boiling briskly meanwhile. When the syrup forms a soft ball in cold water it is ready to pour into the egg white. Beat well while pouring it in and con-tinue beating until the mixture becomes a thick golden icing. Pour this over the cake and pat it on with a. knife after the cake is cool. Before the icing sets sprinkle the cup of coconut over it. When making boiled icing it should be a sunshiny day as much moisture in the air necessitates a longer boiling period in order for the mixture to have the right texture.

CARROT AND APPLE SALAD

One large carrot; 3 medium apples; 1 orange; 1 lime; 1 teaspoonful honey or sugar; 1 banana; dates.

Wash and peel the carrot and then grate it on a fine grater. Wash the ap-ples and grate on a coarse grater. Mix the two quickly. Now add the orange and the lime juice mixed with the honey or sugar. A little sprinkle of salt may be added if desired. Place the mix-ture on a platter or in a salad bowl. Decorate the whole with sliced banana and a few stoned dates. This will serve two or three. Very refreshing—espe-cially if kept in the refrigerator before serving.

22


DOCTOR SAYS 1. This question and answer service is free

only to regular subscribers. 2. No attempt will be made to treat disease

nor to take the place of a regular physician in caring for individual cases.

3. All questions must be addressed to The Doctor Says. Correspondence personally with the doctor is not available through this service.

4. Questions to which personal answers are desired must be accompanied by addressed and stamped envelopes. Answers cannot be expected under one month.

5. Make questions short and to the point. Type them or write them very clearly.

b. Questions and answers will be published only if they are of such a nature as to be of general interest and without objection, but no names will be published. Address "The Doctor Says," Oriental Watchman and Herald of Health, P. 0. Box 35, Poona 1.

GREY HAIR: Ques.—"Please tell me the different causes of premature grey hair and also if there is any particular treatment for the same."

Ans.—Premature grey hair like bald-ness is largely a nutritional problem. Grey hair may be considered as an antemia of the hair. The hair is not receiving the particular materials re-quired for producing the normal pig-ments which give the hair its colour tints. To determine the deficiency in any given case, will require a study of the individual to determine his particular deficiencies in minerals and vitamins. Also a check regarding a satisfactory balanced diet. Much of the nutrient in food is lost through the modern pro-cess of refining, tinning, packing, and storing. Also improper cooking helps to reduce the nutritional value of foods. Correcting such defects as may be found in each case of premature grey hair will do much to prevent the condi-tions from developing and to improve the hair pigment where it is pre-maturely deficient. In some cases the thyroid gland is involved in the problem.

9

RISE IN BODY TEMPERATURE: Ques.—"One of my friends always finds himself perspiring even in cold weather and during the monsoon. He has a high

temperature but is very active. Doctors have examined him and have declared that he is in good health. He eats a good diet and walks ten to twelve miles a day. In spite of all this there seems to be no hope of improvement in his body weight and of his temperature coming to normal. Kindly give us your advice."

Ans.—You have not stated the rate of increase of body temperature as shown by a fever thermometer taken three times daily over a period of about two weeks. Without such data one is left in the dark. Some persons have a sense of increased heat while the fever thermometer actually registers normal. This may well be the case with the per-son you mention. Individual weight very often is part of the hereditary pattern which is determined at conception. Each of us reflects our ancestral background. However, well-balanced, correctly-pre-pared, properly-eaten food is essential. Not how much one eats but what he eats, and how it is prepared counts for much in correct nutrition.

SMOKING: Ques.—"In what way does smoking harm one's health?"

Ans.—This question comes just as I have been reading an abbreviated report of research done at the famous Mayo Clinic in the U. S. A., and I quote from this report: "A group of Mayo scientists decided to try to throw more light on the question, with a tightly controlled study taking into consideration most of the variable factors of how the human body works. Dr. Grace Roth, physiolo-gist at the famous Rochester clinic, told members of the George Washington University Medical Society last night of the effects of smoking on the cardio-vascular system, as found in the project. She said that the harmful agent in tobacco is nicotine, which apparently affects the sympathetic nervous system. That system, in turn, constricts the blood vessels, resulting in an inadequate blood supply, which affects all parts of the body." With the vessel constriction she said the blood pressure and pulse beat both increase.

These were the findings, Dr. Roth said, in 379 tests on about one hundred normal persons who were regular smok-ers. After smoking only two cigarettes skin temperatures of fingers and toes went down, indicating decreased blood supply, while the blood pressure and pulse rate went up.

Dr. Evarts A. Graham, professor of surgery at the Washington University of St. Louis, U. S. A. says "recent studies show that lung cancer has dis-placed cancer of the stomach as the most frequent site of the disease in the internal organs of men." He claims that there is every indication that excessive cigarette smoking is an important factor. He also says that he feels that other causes, as yet unknown, were contri-buting to the increase. Graham further states that "a study of 400 cases showed that it was very rare to en-counter a man with squamous cancer of the lung, the most common type, who had not been an excessive cigarette smoker for years whether in the past or present."

Get the Point?

ONCE upon a time a Mohammedan came to one of his religious leaders, called a cadi, and asked, "If I eat dates, is that against the commands of religion?"

"No," said the cadi. "And may I add some water?" "Certainly." "And is it wrong to take a little

yeast?" "Oh, no." "Well," went on the questioner,

"date wine consists only of these three ingredients. Why, then, is it forbidden by the laws of our reli-gion?"

The cadi thought a moment, and then he said, "If I throw a handful of dust on your head, will that cause pain?"

"Not in the least." "And if I add some water, will it

hurt you then?" "I think not." "Now, if I mix dust and water

together and burn it into a brick and hit you on the head with it, what then?"

"The chains of habit are too weak to be felt until they are too strong to be broken."—Dr. Henry A. Cot-ton.

"Drink is not only man's way to the devil, but the devil's way to man."—Dr. Adam Clarke.

"Any substance that subverts our intelligence should be avoided by everybody, not just by locomotive drivers and doctors."—Dr. Geo. W. Crane.

That some people can drink intoxi-cants long periids of years without becoming addicts is an established fact. That others become victims of alcoholism within the space of a few months after taking their first drink is another fact. That still others drink moderately fir years and then sud-denly develop into alcoholics is a third fact.—Da. ROY L. SMITH.

THE. ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, FERR1UARY 1950 23

E better than ever toothpaste

in the NEY4 tube NEW carton

Gibbs S. R. Toothpaste contains Sodium Ricinoleate, used by dentists to combat gum trouble and to keep gums firm and healthy. The regular use of Gibbs S. R. Toothpaste not only helps keep your gums free from weakness or disease, but cleans teeth thoroughly white with perfect safety to precious enamel. — — — — — — — —

For Sparkling White Teeth in Firm Healthy Gums

G5R. 62.50

4 I I 4 I BABY FOOD

1` 'JP /v. 'V' 'v' V' N` Is

t-

COLOUR OF THE SKIN: Ques.—"Is there any ointment, medicine or treat-ment, by which the colour of the skin can be made fairer ?"

Ans.—There is no known safe way of changing the colour pigment of the skin. Skin complexion is determined before birth. It would be necessary to begin back there, and that one cannot do. Having already been born one must be happy with the complexion one has.

9

BEST STUDY TIME: Ques.—"I am a medical student. For the best mental efficiency which is the best time to study? Late at night or early in the morning? Please tell me also how to get along on less sleep and how to improve my memory."

Ans.—The -best time for study is early morning when the mind is rested and keen for action. Plan for nine hours sleep by retiring early and arising early. Do not try to reduce sleeping hours as they are essential both for physical and mental health. Memory is improved by concentration on your subject, avoiding unrelated diversions. Fa good, well-' prepared food. Milk, fresh fruit and vegetables, milk curds, eggs twice a week, and freshly ground cereals will give you a good, nourishing diet. Food feeds the brain as it does the body. Make ceirtain of getting your natural vitamins by eating correctly selected foods.

9

SCALP RINGWORM: Ques.--"My two children have ringworm of the

scalp which has not responded to various applications. What should I do?" •

Ans.—The obstinate form of scalp ringworm is due to an organism *led microsporon audouini. This is trans-mitted from person to person and is very resistant to treatment. It takes from four months to as long as one year to clear. Persistance will bring results. The treatment consists of the use of Salicylanilide-Phemerol Cream, manufactured by Parke Davis & Co. After cleansing and drying the scalp, apply the cream to the affected skin areas, rubbing gently so as to reach the hair roots. Apply daily until cure is complete. To make certain of complete eradication the scalp must be examined by the Wood light which is filtered

ultra-violet rays, and also microscopic examination of the hairs in the affected area should be made.

GAS IN THE STOMACH AND CON-STIPATION: Ques.—"I am troubled with much gas in the abdomen and am constipated. How can I prevent these?"

Ans.—Gas in the digestive organs is usually the result of wrong food practices. Most probably you are not chewing and insalivating your food sufficiently. 'fry very hard to chew each mouthful of food until it becomes a semi-liquid and only then should it be

24


BABY FOOD

.0

4

5

Wash often with

LIFEBUOY SOAP nwotects you/com tk "ems at,/

L. 137-50

Dirty marbles may look harmless, but

1HESE HMO PEI/ PO

S CAR HO

OR! m the invisible germs

—fro

in dirt.

Ga , /v% nr• •N"' /IS

swallowed. This will become easier as you persist in the practice. Another frequent cause for fermentation is the wrong and incompatible combinations of, food at meal times. Proteins and starchy foods should not be combined at the same meal when there is an inclination to gas-forming. This is true also of starches and acids like oranges and vinegar. They should not be taken to-gether at the same meal. Another help-ful suggeston is to confine the starch meal to only one kind of starchy food, either rice, or potato, but not combining two of these at the same time. Starches combine best with vegetables. Protein foods like meat, fish and eggs, are best taken with only green vegetables. You would do much better on two moderate

meals daily with nothing but water taken in between. The last meal should not be later than six o'clock, and only water thereafter. Enemas are the safest and best means of ensuring a clean colon. There is no harm in this practice for the average constipated person. An-other useful aid for•eonstipation is the daily continued use of a natural bulk and moisture adding substance like Saraka.

ROUND WORMS: Ques.—"I recently passed a long round worm in my stools. How do such get inside of one, and what should be done to clean them out ?"

Ans.—You have evidently swallowed the ova or egg of the worm with your

The Publishers of This Magazine Insure Their Motor Cars and

Property with:

The National EMPLOYERS'

Mutual General Insurance

Association Limited

Head Office for the East: 32, Nicol Road, Ballard Estate,

Bombay 1. Telephone: 22823

Telegrams: "AUTONEM" Chief Office for Northern India: 4, Peareylal Buildings, Queens-

way, New Delhi Telephone: 7625

Telegrams: "AUTONEM" Chief Office for West Pakistan:

65, The Mall, Lahore. Telephone: 3516

Telegrams: "AUTONEM"

THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, FEBRUARY 1950 25

T)* ORIENTAL WATCHMAN A« e HERALD OF

FOR HEALTH,HOHE AND HAPPINESS

Vol. 27 No. 2 POONA Februray 1950

Published Monthly by The Oriental Watchman Publishing House

Poona — Bangalore — Colombo — Calcutta — Delhi — Bombay — Karachi — Rangoon

E. M. Meleen, Editor J. B. Oliver, M.D., Associate Editor

e5&,>/tO-Sa4.5-

DALDA are dedethus at

any te;frme,/

Mix together cup of atta, z cup maida IS BOILED and salt to taste. Rub in 3 teaspoons I RICE-WATER FOOD? of Dalda into mixture, prepare dough as for poories, and make into small balls. Roll out balls into flat round shapes of about 3" diameter. Cut into halves. Shape each half into / a cone by first damping edges and / THE DALDA then pressing them together. Stuff into cones cooked and sea-soned potatoes and peas or / minced meat and then seal up. Deep fry in hot Dalda till samosas are light brown.

I

Write for free advice

today—or any day!

ADVISORY SERVICE P. 0. BOX NO. 353,

BOMBAY I

HYM. 56-172

aL LIDkft J

VANA PAT!

arty 14441P 0111110

Rates: One year Ra 7-8-0, two years Rs. 14-8-0 in advance. Foreign postage Re. 1-5-0 per annum. Subscriptions are not accepted for less than one year. V. P. P. orders must be accompanied by one-half the amount. V. P. P. charges are in addition to the subscription.

Change of Address: The wrapper contains information necessary for us to locate your sub-scription. Therefore, in requesting change of address, or referring to your subscription, kindly return wrapper or quote reference numbers appearing thereon, and indicate your old as well as your new address. Duplicate copies can-not be supplied without extra charge when intimation of change of address has not been given.

Magazines are sent only for paid subscriptions, so persons receiving "HEALTH" without having subscribed may feel perfectly free to accept it.

Non-receipt of Magazines: If your magazines fail to reach you, please inquire at your local post office. If you get no satisfaction there, PLEASE INFORM US.

SUBSCRIPTIONS may be sent to our nearest agency: For Madras Presidency, Tra-vancore, and south half of Hyderabad State-9 Cunningham Road, Bangalore; for United Provinces East Punjab Delhi, and adjacent states-76, Queensway, New Delhi; for Bihar, Orissa, Bengal, Assam and East Pakistan-36 Park Street, Calcutta 16; for Ceylon—Box 905, Colombo; for West Pakistan-91 Depot Lines, Karachi 3; for Burma-68 U Wisara Road, Rangoon; for Bombay Presidency-16 Club Road, Byculla, Bombay.

Cheques for subscriptions given to our travelling representatives should be crossed and made in favour of the local branch office under whose jurisdiction they are working.

When making any complaint about the late receipt of this magazine, please send the wrapper along with the complaint. This will enable the post office to fix responsibility for delayed delivery.

Published and printed by L. C. Shepard, at and for the Oriental Watchman Publishing House, Salisbury Park, Poona 1. 18,500-4522-49

food which has been contaminated through the soil or other sources. When the egg is swallowed it hatches in the small intestine, migrates to the liver and then to the lungs; from there it passes up the trachea and down the oesophagus and through the stomach to settle down and develop to maturity in the small intestine. There may be only four to six of the adult worms present but usually there are more. Hexylresorcinol is the drug which is used for treatment and is given in the following manner:

A dosage of 6 grs. (0.4 gm.) to very young children.

10-12 grs. (0.6 to 0.8 gm.) ages 6-12 years.

15 grs. (1. gm.) to those above 12 years.

The drag should be given early in the

morning on an empty stomach, followed within an hour to an hour and a half by a saline cathartic and no food should be taken until noon. It is best to get the tablet or capsule in a form of an "iron bound" capsule which cannot be chewed. The capsule should be swal-lowed and not chewed. It is said by

some authorities that a single admin-istration will remove about 80 per cent of the worms. This may be re-peated in one week. In about one month after treatment, a stool specimen should be examined by your doctor or labora-tory to determine whether or not any ova are still present.

26


Alice G. Marsh, M.S.

FAT Metabolism—Interest centring around degenerative diseases and

the metabolism of fats in the body opens up a wide field where intensive study is needed. The research should receive the attention, time, and money equal to that given to cancer and poliomyelitis research. At present a few practical and vital facts are known regarding fat metabolism and degenerative diseases:

1. In a number of regenerative conditions the "load" of the choles-terol in the normal cycle is increased. Cholesterol is one of the normal, more complicated fat-like substances of the body.

2. Large amounts of cholesterol are found deposited in the walls of deteriorating blood vessels.

3. Of greatest importance is the knowledge that the degenerative conditions associated with high cho-lesterol metabolism are also asso-ciated with obesity.

4. Although cholesterol metabol-ism cannot be controlled directly because much of it originates in the body, still the total fat intake can be controlled and obesity can be con-trolled. In turn there is evidence that body-weight control will modify and perhaps in some instances control the augmented cholesterol metabolism. In addition, it is possible to limit the use of a few foods that contain cho-lesterol.

5. There is now a little evidence that under some circumstances, the cholesterol infiltration in the blood vessels that would lead to a harden-ing of the arteries can disappear when the obesity is regulated by diet.

Probably too much emphasis can-not be given to the harm of the mal-nourished condition of the over-weight person. Science is just begin-ning to uncover the reasons for the time-old axiom, "We can dig our graves with our teeth."

Wisdom in Diet.—With every practical addition of knowledge in nutrition it is wise to incorporate the knowledge into our everyday living, but this must be done in the light of complete nutrition. For instance, fats and cholesterol-containing foods, such as milk and eggs, are important to good nutrition. Without doubt the foods that do us harm are not the foods we need but rather the foods we eat after our needs are supplied.

HOW TO COOK VEGETABLES

Marvene Constance Jones

THE vital elements in vegetables are too often lost through care-

less cooking. To be cooked perfectly, a vegetable should retain as many of its nutrients and as much of its flavour and colour as possible, and should be tender and crisp. A vege-table should never be cooked so long that it becomes a wilted, colourless mass.

Learning how to cook vegetables so that they will retain their colour presents a very fascinating problem because vitamins follow colour very closely. Green and yellow vegetables seem to be the favourite colours for

vitamins A and B, although vitamin C is occasionally found in some green vegetables. Vegetables may be divided into four main classes: green, yellow, red, and white.

Green vegetables should be put into a small amount of boiling, salted water and allowed to cook uncovered for the first five minutes. If the natural acids in the vegetables escape into the water, as in slower and covered cooking, the colour will be destroyed. However, spinach is the exception; the stems should be clipped and the spinach cooked with only the moisture which clings to the leaves. Spinach cooks quickly and the acids are not released in this short time, so it may be cooked in a covered vessel.

All vegetables should be cooked in a small amount of water, and any excess liquid should be drained off and saved for broth or gravy. When done, vegetables should be seasoned and served at once. Green vegetables lose their vitamin content if soda is added.

Yellow vegetables, like the green ones, should be cooked in the smallest amount of water and for the shortest time possible. Unlike green vegetables, however, the yellow varieties may be cooked in a covered vessel.

Red vegetables hold their colour while being cooked if a small amount of lemon juice or a tart apple is added to the water in which they are cooked. Beets will retain their colour without this addition if the stems are not cut too close.

White vegetables may be steamed, oven baked, or boiled, but must be removed from the fire and seasoned the moment they are done.

For quick cooking, white cabbage should be shredded or the leaves should be separated and immersed gradually into boiling water. Cauli-flower should be separated into floweretes. Onions cook more quickly if slit criss-cross at the bud end. In cutting vegetables into sections for quick cooking, they should be sliced lengthwise in order to prevent the escape of valuable food elements.

Long cooking of vegetables at high temperature is destructive to some of the vitamins; the long cooking period allows more time for minerals to dissolve out into the cooking water, so keep vegetables at a high temperature only until tender, then serve immediately if possible; other-wise, do not keep hot, as on a steam table, but drain and re-heat when ready to serve.

NUTRITION NEWS Or perhaps still greater harm results when we eat too little of certain nutrients and too generously cf others.

Malnutrition.—As a nation what is cur most serious form of malnutri-tion? Malnutrition does not only imply "under-nutrition," but also "bad-nutrition." It can include the over-eating that causes overweight. Not only does the double waste affect seriously the nations' food resources, but is also a needless sacrifice of human health.

Protein in the Diet.—In the past an extremely low protein diet was commonly given patients who had kidney disease. Now these diets are seldom given. The protein in the diet prescription may range all the way from a moderately low protein diet to a very high one. The phy-sician determines the patient's need for protein after the complete picture of protein metabolism is shown by laboratory tests. The protein intake should equal the individual's normal minimum protein metabolism re-quirement, plus the albumin ex-creted, plus enough to build the depleted serum (blood) protein up to normal. The patient losing much protein in the urine, which in turn may cause great loss of serum pro-teins, might require an excessively high protein intake, whereas another patient who does not sustain the pro-tein loss might be as wisely placed upon a fairly low protein diet. This therapy illustrates all diet therapy. When any diet other than the normal diet is required, it should be "tail-ored" by a physician for each parti-cular patient.


27

For every ache and every pain, For every ill of toe or brain, So many folks have the belief That they will surely find relief

From something in a bottle.

Some folks want something they can smell, Or something they can "rub in well," While some prefer to taste the stuff, And never seem to get enough

Of something in a bottle.

No matter if they always fail To find relief, you'll see them hail With great delight some new affair, Some fake to swallow, smell, or wear—

Or something in a bottle.

If folks would quit these things, and pause Just long enough to find the cause Of all their ills, they soon would learn How they'd been fooled, and then they'd turn

From something in a bottle.

Remove the cause of all your pain, 'Tis thus you can relief obtain. Herald of Health will show the way To keep you well and fit each day

Without something in a bottle. —F.W.W.

Something in a

Bottle

Registered No. B-1886

ORIENTAL WATCHMAN FEBRUARY

SUPPLEMENT

1950

THE SECRET OF HAPPINESS

ROBERT HARE

THE story is told of an angel who was flying over the earth. To

and fro, to and fro he went. There were the beautiful mansions and the flower gardens and the running streams. But still the angel kept fly-ing. Another' angel passed by and inquired, "Why are you flying back and forth over the earth?" The other replied, "I am looking for what I cannot find. I am looking for human happiness." "Oh," said the second angel, "you will not find that in the mansions of men, nor in the flower gardens of earth. Happiness is in the invisible temple of the human soul."

I want to ask the question, How may I be happy all the day, every day? I believe that God designs His people should be happy. He has told us in His Word 270 times, "Rejoice." That is one of the factors of happi-ness. He has told us twenty-seven times to "be happy." He has told us forty times of "gladness" and one hundred times of "being glad." I do not believe that God has been de-ceiving humanity with these beauti-ful expressions.

I know very well there are thou-sands of things to depress and make the huinan heart sad. Here are some: disappointed hopes, expectations un-fulfilled, friendships lost, sad mem-ories, love proving untrue, pain and sickness, trials, the struggle for bread, and the loss of loved ones. But listen—there is something under-lying them: "I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee." That is the divine promise thit rings down through the centuries, and we are to take it and accept it for all it is worth.

Let me enumerate some things from which men expect happiness in vain: The drunkard thinks there is happiness in his wine-glass, but only death is there. The tobacco-smoker

thinks there is happiness in the nico-tine of 'his old pipe, but it is a poisonous thing. The gambler thinks there is happiness in the horse races. Thousands seek happiness in sports, others in the theatre or the picture show.

These are transitory things. Some of them last only for a few moments, and then the heart reverts to the sad-ness and darkness of night, deeper than before.

Now I want to mention some of the sins that hinder happiness.

I do not believe an idle person can ever be happy. Industry is one of the factors that lead to happiness. Hard feelings, discontented minds, sharp tongues, uncontrolled temper, selfishness, hatred; jealousy, impa-tience, and hypocrisy. These are things that make happiness impossi-ble to the human heart.

Miss Rockefeller, the daughter of the millionaire, was once asked, "Are you happy?" She replied, "Happy? Money cannot buy happi-ness. You may go and tell the world that I am not happy." Some people think, "If I had nothing to do and plenty of money I would be happy." No, no. no! You would be a misera-ble being.

,Lady Jane Grey was queen of Eng-land, yet she was not happy. She lived in a palace where everything luxurious could have been enjoyed, but one day she wrote with her diamond ring on the window, "My prison." I think the words are still there.

Solomon had plenty of money. His income was tremendous, but you re-member when he wrote the Book of Ecclesiastes he said thirty-five times, "All is vanity?' He did not find a

The angel flying to and fro over the earth found that true happiness "is in the invisible temple of the human soul."


1

•

6

•

6

thing in this world to give him satis-faction.

Someone says, "Well, fame will do it. If we could only be famous then we would be happy." Byron was fa-mous. He was the darling of Eng-land's nobility. He clambered up the ladder as high as he could go and then wrote these mournful words:

"Drunk every cup of joy, heard every trump of fame,

Drunk early, deeply drunk, drunk drafts that millions might have quenched,

Then died of thirst because there was no more to drink."

Fame never brings happiness.

OF WHAT DOES HAPPINESS CONSIST?

I believe four attitudes underlie human happiness.

The first is a willingness to for-give. You will read in Mark 11:26: "But if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in heaven forgive your trespasses." Do you know that the unforgiving mind car-ries a hell of its own? I do not be-lieve there is anything in this world so bitter as jealousy and an unfor-giving spirit. So if you are going to be happy you must learn the lesson of forgiveness. I have found by ex-perience that this is true.

You must have an appreciative mind. You know that every day we receive God's blessings and forget to appreciate His kindness. We read in James 1:17: "Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variable-ness, neither shadow of turning." Every blessing we need comes from Jehovah, but there are thousands and millions of 'people who never say "Thank you" to God. You cannot be happy without being grateful and that will make you think more of the blossoms, more of the bright skies, and more of all God's beautiful creation than you have ever thought before. You cannot buy an apprecia-tive mind; you must cultivate it.

The third requisite is kindly thought for others. Selfishness is like the Salt Sea where there is no life, no beauty, nothing at all to bless the soul. We read in Galatians 6:7: "Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap." We get the harvest that comes from - our sowing, and kindly thought will bring forth kindly action when the time comes.

I was reading about Mr. Glads-tone, that grand old man of England, when he was prime minister. He was one night preparing his speech for the next day, and at two o'clock he was still writing. Then came a knock at his door. He opened it and there stood a poor woman. "Oh, Mr. Glads-tone," she pleaded, "will you come and talk to my boy? He is dying." Gladstone took down his overcoat and went with her and sat down by the side of the dying boy. He talked and prayed with him, and by and by the eyes closed, and Gladstone went home again to his work and worked till daylight came. Then he went to Parliament and made one of the greatest speeches of his career. It electrified his hearers. Someone said to him afterwards, "Well, Mr. Gladstone, you gave us a wonderful speech this morning." He replied, "I couldn't help it. I was never so happy in my life. I stood by a dying boy last night and pointed him to the kingdom." Unselfish serv-ice always brings happiness.

The fourth point is companion-ship. You remember the old hermits used to have the idea that if they could get away from humanity they would be happy. One built a tower sixty-five feet high and lived on top

•

6

6

6

6

of it. When he died people thought he was so holy that the king bar-gained for his old shirt. God does not plan that man should be a soli-tary creature. That hermit was never happy. The man who is stuck all over with spikes, so that people are afraid to come near him, will never be happy.

"It is in unselfish ministry that true happiness is found." I know this is true, friends; so I want to leave the thought with you that there is the possibility of being happy. Hap-piness is something in the mind, un-disturbed by the storms without. "My peace I give unto you; not as the world giveth, give I unto you."

"I want to be happy and always true.

Happy, yes, happy the whole day through;

Calm and contented, busy and sweet,

No matter how dark the storm clouds meet,

Somehow I know that in earth or in heaven,

Measure for measure is surely given,

And sunshine sent out in smiles or in tone

Will ever bring back to the heart its own."

The four attitudes that underlie human happiness will be experienced when the door of the heart is opened to admit the Spirit of Christ.

2 THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, FEBRUARY 1950

FREE THINKER R. PAVITT BROWN

had made reference in his opening address to an approaching scientific ability to control men's thoughts with precision." Mr. Churchill's come-back is a classic:

"I shall be very content," he said, "if my task in this world is done before that happens.... It is not in the power of material forces in any period which the youngest here need take into practical account, to alter the main elements in human nature or restrict the infinite variety of forms in which the soul and genius of the human race can and will ex-press itself.

"However much the conditions change, the supreme question is ... how far each life conforms to stand-ards which are not wholly related to space or time. Here I speak not only to those who enjoy the blessings and consolations of revealed reli-gion, but also to those who face the mysteries of human destiny alone. The flame of Christian ethics is still our highest guide. To guard and cherish it is our first interest. both spiritually and materially. The ful-filment of spiritual duty in our daily life is vital to our survival. Only by bringing it into perfect application can we hope to solve for ourselves the problems of this world—and not of this world alone."

The National Review observes that "Mr. Churchill may be described as a Christian free-thinker. And in this, as in so many other aspects, his at-titude is prophetic."

We have no reservations in agree-ing with such comment. In fact, we would like to see every Christian man and woman adopt the same posi-tion in spiritual affairs as Mr. Chur-chill has in the political realm. For instance, the remark of Dr. Burchard is typical of the attitudes of many of our leading clergy. So liberal that the stream of their thinking has be-

In the past. reference has been made to the striking analogy which exists in that sphere of Mr. Chur-chill's activities which he has so vividly described and the spiritual world of this present time. At the risk of being accused of man-wor-ship we proceed to take a wider swathe into this field of standing corn. During the course of his great speech at the convocation of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-nology, Mr. Churchill again affirmed his regard for individuality. Dr. Burchard, the Dean of Humanities,


FOR many years Mr. Winston Chur- chill was an independent party

member and thereby reserved the right to criticize the government. He refused to have his mind fettered. Because of this wise course he relates in his memoirs that he was conse-quently free to pursue independent inquiries which furnished him with a vast amount of useful information. The background of knowledge thus acquired enabled him to feel com-pletely at ease and master of the en-tire situation when called to leader-ship in war. The last paragraph of his first volume breathes the con-fidence he felt at that time:

"During those last crowded days of the political crisis my pulse had not quickened at any moment. I took it all as it came. But I cannot con-ceal from the reader of this truthful account that as I went to bed at about 3 a.m., I was conscious of a profound sense of relief. At last I had the authority to give directions over the whole scene. I felt as if I were walking with destiny and that all my past life had been but a preparation for this hour and for this trial. Eleven years in the politi-cal wilderness had freed me from or-dinary party antagonisms. My warn-ings over the last six years had been so numerous, so detailed, and were now so terribly vindicated, that no one could gainsay me. I could not be reproached either for making the war or with want of preparation for it. I thought I knew a good deal about it all. and I was sure I would not fail. Therefore, although impa-tient for the morning. I slept soundly and had no need of cheering dreams. Facts are better than dreams."

come shallow. or on the other hand so bigoted that their leadership would fling us into a cataract lead-ing to a complete destruction of per-sonality. This latter has been de-scribed as the Gadarene mentality. See the connection in Mark 5:1-13. The inference is anything but com-plimentary. In any case no person with any respect for individuality or personal freedom will long continue to permit himself to be herded-.

May be it is Mr. Churchill's faith-ful Bible reading which has inspired his revolt against regimentation in any sphere. Certainly his writing abounds in scriptural allusion and adaptation. Nothing is better cal-culated to emancipate the mind and action than constant reading of the Book. Without doubt this is the reason all totalitarian systems, whether political or religious, seek to provide a substitute. All authori-tarian regimes are forced to this, or else ban the Scriptures altogether, in order to retain their grip on the hu-man intellect.

We have had this demonstrated in recent months and years by certain countries. They are prepared to im-port another country's wool and to export wine, petrol and what-not, but when it comes to Bibles and religious books in the vernacular then it is discovered that there is a "curtain" —not necessarily an iron one, either. Thus the mentality of millions is cushioned against the possibility of constructive independent thought. History has proved and shall yet demonstrate that any other guide than the pure flame of Christian ethics cannot fail to plunge all con-cerned into the seething cauldron of violence and absolute anarchy.

The notorious thought-control police of Hitler's Germany have their counterparts still. Neither is the policing of the mind a modern mon-strosity. Millions of otherwise free people living in free lands submit to most unscriptural. and therefore un-warranted intrusions into their per-sonal-thoughts and affairs by a reli-gious authoritarianism. Inspired by the liberty enjoyed as a result of the revelation of truth received by the Spirit of the Lord (2 Corinthians 3:17), we have dedicated ourselves

to the abolition of this slave traffic. For traffic it is—traffic in the souls of men, and at a price in filthy lucre.

Many men have become great in the estimation of God and their fel-lows because they have been suc-cessful in discharging this sacred im-pulse. Mr. Churchill may go down in history as a force in the preserva-tion of political and economic liber-ties. The great reformers have made their mark. Now in this last hour of time it is for every person who has been healed of his spiritual blind-

ness to give himself joyfully in the spirit of a Wilberforce, a Garrison, to the task of bringing the light of the glory of God to all men.

A revolt against the shackles of pseudo-scientific dictation is over-late in coming to the majority. High schools and universities perpetuate the absurdities of the evolution myth in the minds of the youth. Experi-ence has shown that it is only strong leadership which can commence a reformation. Let men of strong con-victions arise and express the things they know to be true. The highest

standards, to be preserved, must be advocated constantly and promoted in a thousand different ways. Indi-vidual initiative directed by the Spirit of God can infiltrate the enemy's camp, where a mass assault by a brass band, by itself, could at the best but make a breach soon to be restored.

Just as Jesus called out individual men to become the founders and the apostles of His cause in the first century, so He is calling men as in-dividuals in this twentieth and last. Who will hear His call?

The Oil of Gratitude F. A. SOPER

A RADIO programme some time ago recounted the experience of

a man who risked his life to save an elderly woman as she attempted to cross a busy street. In doing so, he was struck down and sustained several broken bones in the accident. However, the woman went on with-out speaking a word of gratitude.

In another town a man rescued a small boy from drowning in a river. The anxious mother visited him later, not to say "Thank you," but to in-quire, "Why didn't you get his cap?"

Gratitude, simple and sincere. is the oil that makes the wheels of life turn more smoothly; it lessens the friction that at times enters into life's relationships.

Gratitude makes the ordinary, everyday things shine with new lus-tre. It has been said: "Thankfulness raises the blessings we have to higher degrees of worth, and thereby en-riches us. If thankfulness does not create new roses it paints a finer hue on those we have; if it does not load our table, it puts a delicious sweet-ness in our simple fare; if it does 'not clothe our bodies in costly rai-ment, it lends a sweetness of be-haviour to our bodies, so that we do not need such raiment to make us attractive."

We need more expression of grati-tude in our homes. The wife deserves a sincere "Thank you" as she works to make home attractive and livable. The husband appreciates an occa-sional "Thank you," for his respon-sibility of bringing home the bread and butter is no easy burden. And

the children, when performing their tasks, are greatly inspired by a "Thank you" from father and mother.

Furthermore, we need more thank-fulness in our communities. We think of the attentions we receive from our fellowmen--such commonplace serv-ices as are given by the milkman, the grocer, the telephone operator, the service station attendant, the post-man. If only we tell them "Thank you," their outlook will be made brighter, and we will be happier in the realization that our lives are linked to a thousand others.

Above all, we need to be thankful to God for His continual blessings

to us. The psalmist David, one of the most thankful men of all ancient times, thought often of God's loving-kindness and tender mercies. "Bless the Lord, 0 my soul," he exclaimed, "and all that is within me, bless His holy name. Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and forget not all His bene-fits." Psalm 103:1, 2.

Our God is no less bountiful to-day in His blessings than He was to David. Myriad are His mercies in the realm of spiritual things. No less abundant are His gifts to us in the beauties of trees, flowers, grass. and the sunset. David Grayson has writ-ten: "It is a sad thing to reflect that in a world so overflowing with good-ness of smell, of fine sights and sweet sounds, we pass by hastily and take so little note of them."

Truly it is God's will that we be thankful, not merely one day out of the year, but every day. We have the bounties of nature every day in the year. We have the affection of our families and loved ones, and the care and protection of God, more than one day in the year. All these are daily blessings. Should not our thankfulness be the same?

As God's children on earth learn the spirit of gratitude and praise, they are preparing to live in the heavenly courts where, throughout the ages the redeemed will sing one continual song of praise to God, say-ing. -Blessing, and glory, and wisdom. and thanksgiving, and honour. and power. and might, be unto our God for ever and ever. Amen." Revelation 7:12.

4


The Oriental Watchman and Herald of

Documents

Transcript of The Oriental Watchman and Herald of