The Ltbrary of al-ía1rt Iíálid al-Sahnzirtal-NaqSbandi (d. r z4z f t8 27)A facsimile of the inventory of his(MS Damascus, Maktabat al-Asad, No. zr9)

hbrary

Presented fu Frederick de Jong dz Jan Jast Vitkamr

l. INrnopucrroN

On 14 pu 'l-Qa'da 1242 (9 June 1827), the greatNaqóbandr ia-r.'& 5álid al-Sahrazfiri died of the plaguein Damascusr. He lef t behind his own branch of theNaqibandiyya2, knou'n as the Kál idi1 '1 'a. r 'uhich had

ftal íJas al l over the Ottoman Empire and be1'ond3.Short ly before his death. { .ál id designated as hissuccessor his fal t f 'u. Ismá'r l al- Ináránra. Ismá'r l . r ihohad been accepted by' al l of Kál id 's l5ul t /us as theirsupreme nturiicl. also died of the plague two weeksafter Kál id. In his turn. Ismá'r l had designatedMuhammad b. 'Abd Al láh al-{ánr as his successor.Thereafter, rivalry and conflict between the kaltfas,many of whom had not accepted Ismá'Il 's preferencefor al-Kánis, resulted in the disruption of the organiza-tion of the {.álidiyya. Eventually, the order broke upinto relatively isolated clustersó.

In addition to the problem of safeguarding thecontinuity of his tartqa. al-iayf {.álid left posteritywith a problem concerning the 1egal status of hisbooks. As appears from MS Maktabat al-Asad (Dáral-Kutub al-Tahiriyya) No.2591, Kálid made a familyw'aqf of all the books in his possession in the year1240i1824-5. The w,aqf' deed, however, had never beenregistered in court but had survived only, by reason ofits being written on the fly-leaf of one of his books,al-Qamus al-Muhrts. The text of the wac1fit'1'a prece-ding the inventory of Kálid's library was copied onMonday, 7 Óumádà II1270 (7 March 1854). Wac1fiy1,aand inventory were copied by the same copyist. Thisinventory, which is the core of the manuscript underdiscussion, is followed by the minutes (mahdar) of acourt session which was to settle the dispute between

Kálid's descendants over the status of the books.The contents of the texts suggest that the v,aqfiyya

was copied and the inventory made primarily to beused in this court session. If the dating of the minutes(5 Óumádá II 1270 / 5 March 1854) is correct, how-

ever, this would mean that the daftar was completedtwo days after the session. In this case it could havebeen compiled to serve. in conjunction with the legali-zed copy of the minutes. as a deed of ownership.However. the fact that the minutes explicitly refer tothe contents of the dtí tur (see e.g. l ine l2 of the text ofÍhe rrnl.ttlur :,,, k ttrrttt rtttth rrt h i-lu19ld u I - da.í t ar . . . ) exclu-des this possibi l i t l : obr iouslr the ddiur was presentedin cour t .

Another explanation for the seemingly reversedchronology of the dates could be that the text prece-ding the inventory was added, on a space which hadespecially been left blank for the purpose, after thecourt session. Here the contents of the documents willhave been known to all parties anyway. The introduc-tory nature of the text (cf. ba1'an 'iddat

al-kutub al-ntawguda . . . ) suggests. however, that i t was conceivedto be an integral part of the tlaltar from the beginning.Also the posit ion of the seals suggests that the text ofthe da./'tur rvas completed and that the seals werestamped across the written pages before the minuteswere added: seals blur the text of the da/'tar in anumber of cases. while the minutes seem to have beenwritten carefully around the seals. Thus, since theintroductory text cannot have been added after thecourt session, and since the daftar cannot have beencompiled to serve as a deed of ownership, it seems onlypossible to explain the dating of the legalized copy ofthe minutes as a scribal error.

2. Tup. Weqnvv.e,

As mentioned in the w'aqfivya, al-íayf; Kálid himselfhad written the deed on the fly-leaf of al-Qamus al-Muftl The text of the v'aqf deed, transcribed at thebeginning of the inventory of the library, is also repro-duced in 'Abd al-Magid al-KánT's al-Hadà'iq al-Wardiyl,a, where it is preceded by an account by which

Manuscr ip ts o f the Midd le Eas t 2 (19U7) i Ter Lugt Press . Donkers teeg 19 ,2312 HA Le iden. Nether lands . 1987 ISSN 09:0-0401

THE L IBRARY OF AL -SAYK KÁL ID AL -NAQSBANDÍ 69

{álid made it known to his l5ahfas and disciples thathe had made all his books v'aqf .The wac1fiyya stipula-tes that:

l. the tav'liya and the nazar of rhe w'aqf are to beheld by S.álid's eldest sons, and by their sons thereaf-t e r l o :

2. in the case of these sons and their children beingdead (or indisposed) , ï"he tav'lit-a and nazariltya will beheld, in order of precedence. by Ismá'íl al-Ináránr,Muhammad al-Násih,

'Abd al-Fattáh, and Ismá'r iEfendi al-Gaznl t '.

3. when one of the sons loses the tawli-va of the',raql'.but later qualifies for this function again, ï.he tavlivawill be restored to him and will not remain with one ofthe persons mentioned above;

4. in the absence of sons, the tawliya and nazar wlllbe held by one of S.álid's closest relatives. one after theother. provided that he has knowledge and piety;

5. thereafter [i.e. in the absence of qualified personsin the aforementioned categories]. the most pious.r ighteous and knowledgeable member of the NaqSban-diyya {álidiyya will assume Íhe tutrlivtt and nu:urí)'.tct:

6. thereafter. another pious member of the Naqíban-diyya, or of any of the other tartqos of the saints, mayhold these offices;

7. all books are made waqf in accordance with thenta/hab of al-Imám al-Sáfi'T12;

8. no badal is allowed. not even of the smallesttract 1 3.

3. Tur couRl pRocEEDt\( ;s A\t) THE vERDIcr

The court was presided over by' 'Al ï

Ridá. the ChiefJudge (qadt ctl-qutlclt) ol Damascus. while the mtítí ofDamascusta. Muhammad Táhir Efendï ls, was also

present. The dispute involved two female descendantsof al-íayft Kálid: al-say.vida Kadïfá Hánim binÍ al-ia-r( Yrlsuf Efendi al-Kurdr al-NaqSbandi and al-halfiaÀftaU bint 'Abdalláh r6. The plaintiff, ctl-sa1'f ida

{adr!a, was represented by al-.íarli Yahyá b. AsadAlláh al-Harráti. The legal representative of the defen-dant, at-hagga Áftab. was 'Umar Efendi b. Y[suf al-Kurdr l?. Legal representat ion of both women wascertified by the judge. in accordance with the testimonyconcerning the proper legal status of the representationin the case of each representative given by 'Abd al-

Qàdir b. Sams al-Drn al-Kurdr and Dá'[d b. 'Abd

Alláh al-Kurdï.Al-sayyída [adi[a claimed that the books of al-íay-ft

Kálid had been the property of his deceased son Na[mal-Drn Efendtr8, who had been her legal representa-tive, and that she was now entitled to her mandatoryshare ofthese books. The defendant. however. obstruc-ted her from obtaining her share by denying that thebooks were property, claiming instead that on thestrength of the waqf-deed written in the Qamus theseconstituted a family w'aqf esrablished by al-iayf; Kálid.

The text of the deed was presented to the judge. who

requested that two persons testify that the booksconcerned were v,aqf in accordance with the stipula-tions of the waqif mentioned le . Al-íayf; MuhammadEfendi b. 'Abdalláh al-S.áni al-Naq5bandr and al-bAgs

{.idr Efendi b. 'Abd al-Kanm Efendr al-Kurdr al-Naq5bandi2o testified that they had known the u'aqif'and the books, and that the books were the waclf of al-iayf {àlid on the strength of what was stipulated inthe waqf deed. The muftt and the court clerk, AlrmadNlri al-Qal'r, attested to the honourable record ofboth witnesses (ta:Ëi-la), and the testimony of bothdisciples of al-iayft IS álid was accepted 21.

This led the judge to declare Íhe w'aqf legally validand the contents of the w'aqf'deed as legally binding, asclaimed by the defendant. He prohibited the plaintiff

and the other descendants ol al-íavfr (álid to obstructthe defendant.

Thereupon. the plaint i f f c laimed that the t laql 'wasnot le-eal11' binding. s ince there was no or iginal deed,the tucl l had not been registered. and no judge hadpassed rerdict concerning i ts legal ral id i ty when therr r iq/- u as establ ished 22.

Eventual ly. af ter consultat ion. the judge gave asverdict that the n'aqf'was valid and legally binding inaccordance with the opinions of the Imáms Abu Y[sufand Mulrammad,23 that i t had to be honoured, andthat it would be registered2a. Finally, he prohibited theplaintiff to obstruct the defendant in (the managemento0 the vaqf2s.

'1. Tl lr I \ \ EvroR\ . \ \D ITS CoNTENTS

The inventory is descr ibed bi ' Muhammad Riyád al-Mái ih in his catalogue of the S[Í i manuscripts in the

Táhiriyya Library (Dár al-Kutub al-7áhiriyya) inDamascusT. It seems that the entire holdings of thislibrary were recently incorporated into a larger organi-zaÍion, namely the Assad National Library (Maktabatal-Asad, P.O.Box 3639. Damascus). so cal led after thePresident of the Syrian Arab Republ ic. In this l ibrarythe MS has retained i ts or iginal number. 259. Thepresent stud-v and facsimile edition were made on thebasis of a microfilm presented by the Assad NationalLibrary to the Library of the University of Leiden inthe course of October 1985, through the services of theDutch embassy in Damascus2ó. According to the

7áhiriyya Library catalogue, the original MS measures40 x 14 cm to the page. The facsimile is therefore notgiven in actual size, but somewhat reduced. It contains14 numbered folios; of these/. la is the title-page and

f. l4b would seem to be blank. On"ff. lb and 74a arethe legal texts concerning the status of the w,aqf of al-iayft \álid' s manuscript collection. On the title-page isa v'aqf stamp, containing the name of al-iayl {.álid al-Naq5bandi. This stamp is repeated two or three timeson every opening of the inventory in the inner margins

70

of the pages, giving it the impression of a legal docu-

ment, which it was, not to be tampered with. In this

respect also it is clear, that the inventory owes its

existence to the legal action previously described.The material in the inventory is arranged according

to subject. and each subject is provided with headings,in red ink. The titles within each subject are mostlyshortened, with a summary indication of the author,the number of volumes. and their size. The latter wasimportant for the precise identification of the manu-scripts, especially as they were the object of a legalaction. The formats mentioned are qat' al-nisf (folio),qat ' al-ruh'(quarto), c1aí ' ul- tumn (octavo) qat ' ol-kamil(the 'perfect' size. possibly a large size in between folioand quarto; royal octavo 'l). al-kamilkabír (apparently

a format larger than kclmi[)2'. Only in exceptionalcases are more details added to the entries. The titlesare written. in black ink. in graphic unities ol anapproximate equal height and width, so that the pagesusually contain ten or eleven columns and Íour hori-zontal rows. It is a method of presenting book invento-ries which was widespread in the Middle East. andwhich permits easy browsingtt .Al though pr inted Ara-bic books of Is lamic contents $ere. to a l imited e\tel t t( in bo th number o f cop ies and o f t i t les ) . a ra i lab le i r lthe Ot toman Ernp i re rq dur ing the ouner 's l i l è t in le(1779-1827) . the in ren ton conta ins on l r t t t r tn t tsc r ip t . .Th is i s . once aga in . an i l l us t ra t ion o f hou long themanuscript age in lact cont inued to last in the MiddleEast: t i l l u 'el l into the l9th centur.v.

On / . lb is an introductory text which reads asfollows. after the buvrtalu and hamdala: 'LisÍ of thenumber of books found in the l ibrary oi ( . . . ) al- iay' fal-NaqSbandi al-Mugaddidï ( . . . ) , which he inst i tuted asa religious endowment for his children. He explainedthe conditions of this endowment in a cop) ol ul-

Qamus al-Mul.ut in his own hand*r i t ing and ui th hisown words: ' I have endou'ed this book irnd the rest olmy books for God Almi-eht1' . ui th this pror is ion thatï.he teirli l 'a and the nu--uri.t '.1'ct are Íor rn,v children inorder of seniority. and then for their children and theiroffspring, then for my companion Ismá'rl al-Ináránï.then Muhammad al-Násih, then'Abd al-Fattálr , thenIsmá'rl al-Gazzt Whenever one of my children beco-mes, once again, qualified for the tan'liya after he haslost it, ïhe tatt' l iva wiil be returned to him from thehands of the persons mentioned by me with theirnames. If the immediate family has died out thetaw'li,va and nazar will go to my closest relatives, inorder of closeness. provided he has learning and piety.Thereafter the taw'li1'a will be held by the most pious.righteous and learned member of the Naq5bandiyya

{.álidiyya order, and thereafter it will be for any of thesincere Muslims in this order and the other orders ofthe Saints. I have endowed these books. both theprecious ones and those that are not precious. accor-dins to the rules in the school of the imarn (...) al-San'l

MIDDLE EAST 2 ( I 91J7 )

( . . . ) . Whoever makes a subst i tute for even a t iny tract.

may he be cursed by God, the Angels and Mantogether. ( . . . ) This is in the year 1240. ( . . . ) This he saidwith his own tongue and he has signed, writing withhis own fingers: 'the poor servant of God, {.álid al-Naqóbandr al-Mufaddidi al-Qádir i ( . . . ) ' . 'This is whatÍ.he ia,vft said. Thus registered on Monday, the seventhday of Gumádá II of the year 1270.'

Then follow the titles. For each subject the subtotalof volumes is indicated. For some of these subject Imention titles of some of the books found there. I havealso indicated the approximate number of differenttitles, although the summarily noted tities donot always allow an unequivocal identification. Thefollowing subjects are distinguished :

[ ] / . 1b . Cop ies o f the Qur 'an . Number o f i tems: 6 :number o f vo lumes : 10 .

t2l f í ' , |b- la. Books on Qur'anic eregesis. Number ofi tems: ,57 : nu t rber o f r .o lumes: 82 ; number o f d i f fe ren tt i t les: , l l . A number of copies of the commentar ies bya l -Zan ia \ ia r r and a l -Ba lc l l l r i r i s ment ioned. No spec i -f ical l1 mr st ical Qur 'at t ic cort tmentarr rs mentioned.Book: or. l n- l \s l ic ism. xre l l lL- l t t ioned under a specialheading (. í . -b-Eb). Ercn r l thc- i contain a signi f icantamr)Llnt o1' Sul l int trpretat i r t t . t of rerses of the Qur'an,like Ibn

'Arabi's ttl-Iirti l ltut ul-'l lttkkí.t'.yn. or some of

the mr.stical norks of al-Gazzáli. they are not conside-red to belong to the literary genre of tq/su'.

3l rt. 2b-3b. Books on Tradition. Number of items:108; number of volumes: 153; number of di f ferenttitles: 98. One complete copy of al-Bu\ári's Saftil ismentioned and also a number of fragments of the

work. One copy of the Sunan by Ab[ Dáwld, and onecopy of Muslim's $afirfi. The other so-called canoniccol lect ions are not present.

t1l l : ib Books on the technical terminology used in

Trad i t ion . Number o l ' i ten ts : l l : number o f vo lumes: '

l l : nurnber o f d r l lè ren t t i t les : 19 .

él í1. aa-b. Books on dogmatics. Number of i tems:86: number of volumes: 94: number of di f ferent t i t les:6 1 .

161.ff. 5a-6a. Books on law, according to the schoolof al-Saf i ï . Number of i tems: I l3; number of volumes:178: number of di f ferent t i t les: 104. A number of

copies of the TulLfa by lbn Hagar is given. From thenumber of books on Sáf i law in this and the twofollowing sections it is, once more. clear that al-iayll

Kàlid was a follower of the Sáfi'r ntaQhab.

l7l / .6a. Books on the law of inheri tance, accordingto the school of al-Saf i. Number of items: 20; numberof volumes: 20: number of different titles: 20. Books ofarithmetic contents by Ibn al-Há'im are given underthis heading as well.

tSl/. 6b. Books on the theory of law, according tothe school of al-Sáf i . Number of i tems: 32; number of

MANUSCRIPTS OF THE

THE LIBRARY OF

volumes: 38; number of different titles: 28. A SarhGam' al-Gav'ami' by at-ia,vft Iíálid himself is mention-ed.

19).f. 6b. Books on the theory of law, according tothe school of Ab[ Hanïfa. Number of items: 9; num-ber of volumes: 9; number of di f ferent t i t les: 9.

[10] / . 7a. Books on law, according to the school ofAb[ Hanifa. Number of items: 27; number of volu-mes: 27: number of di f ferent t i t les: 24.

Ul l í .7a. Books on law, according to the school ofIbn Hanbal. Number of i tems: 2; number of volumes:7: number of different titles: 2.

ll2l.tr. 7b-8b. Books on Islamic mysticism. Numberof items 128 number of volumes : 134 number ofdi f ferent t i t les: l2 l . Several works by lbn 'Arabr,

al-Gazzá\t. Suhrawardi. Ibn a1-Fárid. 'Abd al-Qàdir

al-Grlánï, 'Abd al-Ganï al-Nábulusr, Sadr al-Dïnal-Qunawi and numerous other S[fi authors, arementioned. This part of the collection makes, notsurprisingly. the most varied and many-sided impres-sion. The last item (/. 8b) is a treatise containing theSil.sila of the [álidiyya order. Several texts in Persianare included under this heading as well.

t l3 l / : 9a. Books on history. Number of i tems: f6:number o f vo lumes:271 number o f d i f fe ren t t i t les :16 .A number of biographical dict ionaries is mentionedunder this heading Há[gi (alTfa's Ku.í./ ttl-Zuniln

'un

Asantí al-Kutub x'u-al-Furnhi. in tuo parts in one bind-ing, is mentioned here as we11.

tl4l ÍJ. 9a-b. Books of philological contents. Numberof i tems: 26; number of volumes: 29; number ofdifferent titles: 26. A copy of and commentaries on al-Harrrr's Durrat al-Gav'v'as are mentioned. The text ofal-Harïrr's Maqamat is mentioned with severalcommentaries on it. A copy of the Drw.an al-HantcTsctby al-Bulr tur l ( / .9a) is mentioned. which is a very rareMS indeed30.

Ll5l t r ' .9b-10a. Books on Arabic syntax. Number ofi tems: 47; number of volumes: 561 number of di f ferenttitles: 45. Several commentaries on the Kaftta arementioned.

tl6l.í. l0a. Books on Arabic morphology. Numberof i tems: 9; number of volumes: l6; number of di f fer-ent t i t les: 9.

l l7) í . l0b. Arabic lexicons. Number of i tems: 18;number of volumes: 22; number of di f ferent t i t les: 15.The Íirst item is al-Qamus al-Muhït, in two parts in onebinding, which is the copy in which the original w,aqf'note was contained, written in the hand of the v,àqd'.Iïis a luxuriously executed manuscript, with text incolumns or frames (mugadv.a[) and with gold ink usedin it (mu/ahhab).

118) tr . 10b-1la. Books on the theory of style andrhetor ic. Number of i tems: 19;number of volumes: 30;number of different titles: 18.

l l9 l f r ' . 11a-b. Books on logic and phi losophy. Num-ber of i tems: 36: number of volumes: 41: number ofdifferent titles: 35. Several glosses and commentarieson tracts on logic (e.g. at-lsagugr and al-Samsíyya) arementioned. A work on calendar computat ion ( f . l la:Istiftra! al-Hilal ...) is entered under this heading, andÓagminr's work on astronomy is given here as well.The greater philosophical textbooks, like Ibn Srná's a/-Sifa' andhis at-Iiarat y:a-al-Tanbrhat, or works by al-FáràbI or al-KindT are not represented in this section,nor any of Ibn Srná's smaller and more popular worksfor that matter. School texts. commentaries and glossesof recent date are mentioned. but none of the sreatworks of the classical period.

L20l. f . l lb. Books on ar i thmetic. Number of i tems:l6; number of volumes: l7; number of di f ferent t i t les:17. Under this heading some books on medicine,geometry and Qur'anic variant readings are mentionedas well.

l2 l l t r . l1b-12a. Persian books. Number of i tems:68: number of volumes: 79: number of di f ferent t i t les:68. Here the great Persian mrst ics. and classics of thePersian l i terature are mentioned: the .Vutn(t t r bv Óalálal-Drn R[mi. the Drvc7tt of Hàfi2. the Kantsa ofNizàmT. the Guli.stt1n of Sa'dr, 'Attàr's Tadkirat al-,{vli.t 't l ' and several collections of letters (maktubat).Sel'eral works in Turkish are also given.

l22l tr. l2b-13b. Tracts of varied contents. Numberof i tems: 85; number of volumes: 85; number ofdifferent titles: 85. All the titles in this section couldeasily have been entered under one of the previousheadings. None of the works of this section stands outfor a special reason: it is apparently the remainder ofal-.íu.rfr {.álid's collection that is brought together here.

Total number of i tems: 959: total number of volu-mes: l l75 : to ta l number o f d i f fe ren t t i t les : 872. On/. l3b of the inr,entory the total number of volumes is( incorrect ly) indicated by the copyist as I166. Apartfrom the works mentioned under 'philology' very fewof the books in the collection were written in theclassical period of Arabic literature. The main impres-sion one has of this library is that it contained a greatnumber of commentaries and supercommentarieswhich at most date back to the fifteenth century, butare usually much more recent. From the striking num-ber of doubles it could be concluded that the librarywas used as a study collection which could be used bymore persons than the owner alone. The legal docu-ments which are attached to the inventory do not,however, offer information on the actual use that wasmade of the collection during al-íay11Kálid's lifetime.After the sum total of volumes follows the protocol ofthe previously described law suit (ff. l3b-l4a), writtenin nasta'líq script. The protocol is dated 5 Óumádá II1270 (5 March 1854). The signatures under the proto-col (f 14a) are written in the hand of the copyist and

A r - S A Y K K Á L I D A L - \ A e S e a N o ï 1 1

l2

were probably copied by him from the court minutes.Finally, one may ask where the manuscripts of aÀ

izr'( 6álid's collection are today. The inventory whichis published here somehow came in the ZáhiriyyaLibrary. but then. it probably was never kept togetherwith the manuscripts. The descriptions of the inventoryare too scant to aliow positive identifications. Only twomanuscripts could be singled out and searched for incatalogues of other collections. These are the specialcopy of al-Qumu.s al-Muhít with the x.adi1,t,a in it. andal-Buhtun's Dry'un ctl-Huntosa. The catalogues of the7áhiriyya Library. however, do not mention thesemanuscripts3r. I f these two manuscript are not in the7áhír iyya col lect ions they could be anywhere. and thesame goes for the rest ol al-iat'k Kálid's libran,.

Norls

* Paragraphs l- l of this introductorv art ic lc arc ur i t tenby Frederick de Jong. parrrgraph 4 is b;: Jen Jusr \ \ ' i tkam.t For biographical data ancl further references. see A.Hourani. 'Shaikh Khal id and the Naqshbandi Order. in:S.M. Stern, A. Hourani & V. Brown rcàs.1. Istantit.philo.so_ph.t' ctncí rhe r.las.sical tradition. Oxford 1972. pp. g9_lb3; andB. Abu-Manneh, 'shaikh Khal id and the Khal idiyya' in: A.Popovic & M. Gaborieau (eds.). Lt,s N,aqshbendies. paris:Eds. du CNRS 1988 t in rhe press;. See eiso rhe referencesgiven by' 'Umar Ridá Kahhala. l íu 'surrt ul- j f u 'ct l l i Í ïn. vol .I V ( D a m a s c u s 1 3 7 7 l 9 - : 7 ) . p . 9 j .

: For an ou t l rn t - o l - the h is to r . r o1- thc \aq ibanc i r r ra anc lreferences to the rcler.rnr l i terJrLrrc. :cr- H. . f lg; i . . thcNaqshband i Orc lc r : A prc l im inar \ sur \e \ o f i rs h is to r l anc lsignificance' in: Srudiu Ltluntit'u ,l.l ( I 976). pp. I I t_ I -ii.3 'Abd

al-Magid b. Muhammad al-Kanr. t t l - [ {udt j iu ul-Wttrt l i . r) a l ï Huqtt iq . lgl i ' ul- l luq.ihtt tr t l rr r ,r . D,rnrure u: n.cl .pp. 258ff.

+ I b i b . . p . 2 4 8 .s Muhammad b. Sulaymàn al-Hanafi al-Bagdádi. aË

I.Iadrqa al-lladí.tt'a fi AdAb ul-Tarrqa al-lVaqíbantli1.1,a v.u,l_Bahga al-{alídiy,va. Cairo n.d.. p. 67.

ó M.M. van Bruinessen. Aghu, Shaikh, ancl State. On theSot'íal cmtl Politit'al Orgoni:utiort of Kurtlí,stan. Utrecht 197g.p . 286 .

I For a descr ipt ion of the manuscr ipt , see MuhammadRiyàd a l -Màl ih . F i t r r i . t . l4 t tk t f i t t t r Dur u l -Kutuh o l -Z i l t i r i r r t t .A l -Tctsav 'wu. f , vo l . I (Damascus l39g l97g) . p. 549,No.764.

8 This copy of a l -F l r lzábádr 's d ic t ionary f igures in theinventory as the firsr item in the rubric kutuh at-luga í. l0b).An explicit mention of the x.aqt't.n.a is part of the descrip_t i on o l t h i s i t em.

'q al-(.áni. al-Hada'iq. p.248.I0 The function of tax'lít,a of a v,aq/', exercised by the

mutuy'allt, implies the administration of a x.ac1f . The muta_v'allr is sometimes referred to as ntuiríf of the taqf. Theduties of nazariyl.a, exercised by the na:ír. concern theconservation of the x.aqf. Often. the ntutatr.a//l is looked

flon as the one who control s the na:ir. According to Ibn'Àbidin, neither mutatrullt nor na:ír can act independently;

cf. E. Clavel. Le uttcl/ ou huhoti cl 'uprès ltr dotlrrine ct ' la

jurisprudence. Cairo 1896. vol. II, pp. 6 ff.

MANUSCRIPTS OF THE MIDDLE EAST ] { I 9E7 )

11 All four were kaly'as of Kálid: see al-Káni. pp. 244,248, 259. 260f. ; al-Bagdádi. p. 67 ; and 'Abd

al-Raz záq al-Baytàr. Hilt'at al-Baiar Ji Ta'ríft ol-Qarn al-Tàlít 'Aiar,

Damascus 1957 . vo l I , p .881 .' 'z

Kálid himself followed rhe Sáf i rnadhab. which is alsoil lustrated by the relatively large number of books in hislibrary on Sáfi ' i te law. However. the explicit statement thatthe v'aqf'was established in accordance with this ntadhabmay have been inspired by the fact that the other schoolsrestrict the kinds of moveable property which may be madev'ac11l'. cf . A.Y. Massouda. Contríhutíon à l'étutle du Ilad enDroi t Egt 'p t ren. Par is 1925. p. l13: and Clavel . vo l . I . pp.195ff. In the case of books made into a family x.at11f.usufruct rests with the members of the family. The booksmay not be mor,ed f rom the l ibrary; Massouda, pp. l l4 f .

13 On hutlul i.ytihdltl(exchange of the part or the whole ofa x'at1f for similar goods or money), see e.g. MuhammadZayd al-Ib1ánr. Kirclh Mahahí1 al-Wac1f. Cairo 1924. 59 ff.;c f . C lave l . r o l . I . p . 259 .

'+ On the ollces oÍ'trtuÍ'tt and qc\dr al-qutlàr. see e.g.'Abdal-Karrnr Rr i l iq . u l - ' ,1ruh ta ' l - 'L ' t tnàni . t ' . t .un, l5 I6- lg l7,Damascus 197;1. pp. - i l 1 ' . . an i l a lso H.A.R. Gibb & H.Bo*cn. Ls lat t t i t Sor , r r , / . t t tn t l Íh t ' I l .ast . I i i . p . I 14.

F Th i s i s Muharnmi rd T r r l r i r E tènd r a l -Ámid i . t he n ru l t ti lho rvas exiled from Damascus. together with a number of'ulctnrà',

as part ol the punitive actions taken by the Otto-man Foreign Minister Fu'àd Pàià following the massacre ofChr is t ians in Damascus in 1860; see Muhammad Adrb a l -Hisn1. Muntallahat al-Ta'rtk l i-Díntu.íq, Damascus 1934. vol.I I , p . 267.

1ó The granddaughter of a l - ia t I Kál id and the daughterof t rne of h is kuhfos. 'Abd

Al láh a l -Hi r ràwr. c f . a l -Bagdádr.p. 70. I havc not been able to establ ish the r r rec ise fami lvre la t i onsh ip be tueen K l c l r g l and 4 f t ab .

r - \ c r t he r o l - t hesc tno l ega l r cp rescn ta t i \ es i s men t i onedb r a l -Kan i . a l -Bagc lud i . r t r a l -Ba r ta r .

' - K l r l rd hacl tbur s t tns. ancl one c- lau-ehter : see a l_Kánr,P . l 5 r

rq T$o test in tonies br nta lc u, i tnesses are suÍ l lc ient toprove a t t t t l l : c f . MassoLrda. pp.274 f . ; a l - Ibyánr. p. 154.

20 On Muhammad b. 'Abd

Al láh a l -Kànr. see a l -Bavtár .vo l . I I I . p . 1210 . K id r E fend i i s no t menr ioned i n unu o i i h .published sources mentioned in the preceding noies. Histestimony implies that he must have known at-ia1.ft Kálid asleast as well as the other witness diit. This makes it fairlycer ta in that he was one of Kál id 's d isc ip les. i f not one of h islalíf as.

21 For a comprehensive discussion of Ío:kit,a, see e.g. D.Santil lana. In.stitu:ioni dí díritto rnu,sulmano malichita conriguardo ant'ha al .sistenn scíufi ita. Roma 1938. vol. II, pp.600 rï.

22 See Clavel. vol. I. pp. 268 tr. for established practiceand for different opinions concerning the need for registra_tion of the v'aqlf'deed.

23 I.e. the Imám Ab[ Yusuf al-Ansàri al-Kufi and theImám Muhammad al-Saybáni. Both are disciples of theImàm Ab [ Han ] fa .

2a The fact that Hanafï law is followed in the case of adispute over a l 'aqlestablished by an adherent of the Sáfi. imadhab seems to reflect the rise of the Hanafi ntaclhab inDamascus i n t he l 8 th cen ru ry : c f . J . Vo l l , 'O ld 'U lon . l u .

Families and Ottoman Influence in Eighteenth-Century

THE LIBRARY OF AL-SAYII {ÀLID AL-NAQSBANDI 73

Damascus' in'. Anterican Journal of Arahic' Studies 3 (1975),pp.48-49.

2s The witnesses mentioned at the end ol the mahdar areAhmad Nlri al-Qaf i (the court clerk);

'Abd al-Qádir Efendr

(one-time head of the clerks in the Mahkamat al-Bàb inDamascus; Muhammad Óamrl al-Satti, A'1'an Dimaiq,Damascus 1972, pp.49); Háfï Efendr Ma\dlmi (?); savyid'Abd

a|-Razzàq al-Qutb. Ahmad al-Warránr, al-iay,lAhmad al-{atib (a l lahfa of al-iayl1(álid; see al-{.áni, pp.275.259: a l -Bagdádi . p . 52) .

2ó Microfi lm registered in the Oriental Department of theLibrary as F.Or. A 1039.

2? In fact, these are not indications of f ixed formats. butrather of the number of t imes a sheet was folded forobtaining leaves. One fold produces folio. two folds givesquarto and three folds gives octavo. The size of the originalsheet. of course. determined the format of the leaves.

28 Similarly executed booklists are. for instance, the Lei-den MSS Or. l l28 and Or. 1069, cf . P. Voorhoeve, Handlist

of Arabic ManuscripÍs (2nd edition. The Hague etc. 1980).pp. 413-4.

2e Wahid Gdoura, Le debut de I'imprímerie arabe à Istan-hul eÍ en Syrie: ëvolutíon de I 'envíronnenlenÍ culÍurel (1706-

1787 ) . Tun i s 1985 , pp .208 f f .30 According to C. Brockelmann, GAL S I, 4l and Fuat

Sezgin, Gl.S II. pp. 72-3. the Leiden MS Or. 889 (P.Voorhoeve, Handlist, p. 108), is the only known MS of thisanthology.

31 Asmá' al-Himsr, Fihris Maf,tutat Dar al-Kutub al-Zahíriy)'a.'Lilum al-Luga al-'Arabi1,ya. Damascus 1393r1973, pp. l7-34. ment ions twenty- two copies of a l -Qantus a l -Mullty. several of which would fit with the description of thecopy in al-iarl1 {.álid's l ibrary. Although the 7àhiriyyacatalogue occasionally mentions ownership notes, no men-tion is made of a copy of the Qamus with the w'ac1fiy1'a in tt.'IzzaÍHasan, Filtris Malgnnt Dar al-Kutub al-Zahíríyya. Al-Si i . Damascus 1384.1964. does not ment ion a l -Buhtun 'sDtv'an ol-Hunttl.sa.

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