tHE INDIAN S':fATES AND ;PRINCES

B.1 JIM S4Jll6 A.lhor_; TUlWOIL AND TRAGEDY IN INDIA:•1914 AND AFI'Elt.. (1M'ff~Us)

· THE VZ..'l>EllWORLD OF. :J!miA. tJDrtUs)

THE • LURE OF THE INDUS. tJDrtUs) THE ARMIES OF INDIA. (4. 1!1 C. Bl.d) .

• PIKE AND CAIUlONADE. {Stories of FI'OIIltim.). {Ji-. ~ f!l&oa) -. THE omCIAL HISTOllY OF THE WORLD WAll. EGYPT Al\"D PA.LESTINEt_

1914-17. (B.Jf. ~ O.Jiu) . . · · A Flli£I.ANCE IN KASHMIR (A ltommce.) (1a ll..,.9) •

BE.Blli."D THE SCEllo'ES m: MANY WARS. . a-Jl-'9) THE AIWY. (we and Wodt Scriee.) (Gf#9 Bks) ,:AFGHANISTAN: FllQ.M ,DAlliUS TO AMANULLAB. (G. Ul f!l .S..) THE INDIAN MOTlNY IN. PERSPECTIVE. (G. Ul f!IS..U) , .

• GUSTAVUS A.DOLPHUS: THE NOllTHEll.'i HUlUUCANE. (BNMI (!J S..l'*") . ·.THE. JaNG•s PAWNS. (Stories of the World W;u.) (Sht.Ut. Prar) · THE :ROMANCE OF THE INDIAN FllONTIERS. c:J-t1- CIIJII) THE B.EUGIOUS AND lUDDEN CULTS OF INDIA. (S...,..c-). VIGNETTES FROM INDIAN WARS. (S..,.. .r-) ' • THE .NAllTIAL. llCES OF INDIA. (~.C..) IaPUNG•s WOMEN. (~I-) . . . . E-n:. ••· , •

A . • I.AJrtfl

'P£RTA I3 ' ( RA JA H SI R PERTAB fN .H ) AS F T H E D1PE HI AL AOET RPS

THE_IND!AJ.~ STATES AND PRINCES

BJ

Lieut.-General SIR GEORGE ·:M.icMlJNN lko ' ~ ..

. K.C.B.; K.C.S.L, D.S.O.:.. • . . • . . .

JARROLDS Pllh/ishtr.r ~ND~N UmiltJ. 34 Patrrnosltr Row. E.C-4

W:OoaXXVI

llade and Prillted Ia Great Britala at 7'~ JI~V~lf- PriU, Pl~ll. WIWaallkealdGD II Boa. Ltd.

"' J!)36

AUTIIOR'S PREFACE

EARLY in 1934 I had signed an agr. eement with my Publisher to write a book entitled T1ze Princes of India, and when that was half written Sir 'Villiam

Barton published his delightful and infomtive book under the same nan:ie. . ,.

I have therefore held back this half till the passing of the India Act had brought the story up to a later date, and could re-arrange my own book on somewhat different lines. All that Sir 'Villiam has said about his experience in many states, and his Personal acquaintance with many chiefs I heartily endorse, and I have entered somewhat more fully than he on the history of the .weaving of the pattern of India from which the whole position to-Wiy depends and from which it is inseparable. The passing of the New India Act, which has yet to ~ accepted by the Princes in"" sufficient numbers to enable it to germinate, shows the new pattern which it is designed to evolve, as the coping stone of the century and a half of rebuilding the material of the Turkish Empire that crashed and brought such disaster to the millions of India..

It is now possible to include the latest drafts of the Instrument of Accession which the Princes Will be asked to sign, as modified in accordance with Sir Samuel Hoare's promises in answer to the 'demur' of 1935, a disagreement which as he said had little in it but points of drafting, and in which the vexed matter of paramountcy did not arise.

In the matter of spelling of names and places I have kept · in the historical pages to our old English way as home on the war medals and the colours of victory. In writing of modem days I have changed to the method used by the Government of India.

GEORGE 1\IAcl\IUNN.

5

CONTENTS P4GB

AUmOR'S PREFACE • 5

BOOK I •.

THE WEAVING OF THE PATTERN OF BRITIS1f INDIA

CHAPTER I THE PRINCES IN OUTLINE

The Ruling Princes of India. The Overlords of India through the Ages. The Various Types of States. First Contacts with the British. The Princes, Viceroy, and Crown.

CHAPTER II

IS

1im RisiNG AND FADING OP mB MoGUL STAR . 26

The Struggles in the Deccan. The Rise of the Mogul, The • • Mahratta Canker. The Empire after Alamgir. The Dry-rot in the Peacock Throne.

CHAPTER III

NI.ZAM AND MOGUL, 1\i.AHRATTA AND AFGHAN • 37 The Rise of the Nizam-ul-Mulk, Azaf Jab. The Nizam and the Sayyads. The Development of the Mahratta Confederacy. The Coming of Nadir Shah Kuli (1738). The Mahrattas, the Mogul and the Mghan. The Destruction of the Mahratta Host by the MgbanS, 1761. ·

CHAPTER IV

THB BRITISH, THE NIZAM, AND THE MAlmATTAS 53 The State of India after Panipat. The Nizam, the British, and Mysore. The First British Contacts with the Mahrattas. The Second Mahrat~ War, 18oJ-18o4. The Third Mahratta War, I8o4-I8o5.

CHAPTER V

RAJASTHAN AND THE RAJPOT CHIEFS

The Rajput Chiefs and the Mahrattas. Who are the Rajputs 1 The RaJputs and the Hindu Social System. . The Rajputs States to the Fall of the Moguls. The Sacas of Chitoor. The Second Saca. The Third Saca. Some Rajput Sagas. Rescued • b;r the British from the Mahrattas.

7

8 CONTENTS

CHAPTER VI r.t.GS

THB WEAVING OF THB PATTERN 93 The Pindaris and Nepal, x8o5-x8x6. The Fourth Mahratta­cum-Pindari War, 1817-I8Ig'. Origin of the ' Mediatised States.' The Weaving of the Pattern and the British Peace. The ~orming of Bhurtpore, 1926. The Mghan King-Making,

·. x839-184I. The Kabul Debacle, 1842. The Annexation of Sind, 1843· -

CHAPTER VII

THB PUNJAB, .lusmm, AND 0UDH • • ug - The Political Situation in Northern India in the Forties. The

Gwalior Debacle in 1843· The Troubles in Southern Mahratta· land in 1844.- Rise of the Sikh Kingdom. The Protected Sikh States.· The First Sikh War and the attempt to Maintain a Sikh Kingdom. The Establishment of the Kingdom of Kash-­mir. The Second Sikh War and the Annexation of the Punjab. The Situation in the Punjab in 18,7. The Kingdom of Oudh •

. Lord Da!Jlousie's Annexation Policy.

BOOK II

THE MUTINY TO THE WORLD ~AR •

CHAPTER ·VIII .. THB ~RINCES AND STATES IN !857 • • 141

India and the Princes' States immediately before the Mutiny. The Behaviour of the Princes in 1857· The Actual Effect of the Mutiny of the Bengal Army. Sindhia and Holkar. The Attitude of the Punjab States. The Example of Hyderabad. The Action of Nepal.

CHAPTER IX

THB PRINCES UNDER THB CROWN (1859-1919) • • , 156 The Princes under the Crown. The Mogul, the' Crown, and Paramountcy. Lord Reading on Supremacy. The Machinery that deals with the Princes. Difficulties of the Past. The New Deal.

CHAPTER X

THB FoRCES MAINTAINED BY THB PRINCES • J76 The Old Story of, the State Forces. The Contingents. The Imperial Service Troops. The Peculiar Conditions of Kash-

• mir. J)efence Liability under a Federation. The Princes in the World War. · •

CONTENTS

BOOK lll

THE PRINCES IN MODERN INDIA

CHAPTER XI

9

.,..,.. THE MODERN STATES • _.,) • 195

General conditions. The Five Great States. The 1\.fahratta States. The Rajput States. The Punjab States. Moslem States. The Development of New States. Nepal and Mghani-stan. .

CHAPTER m PluNCES' INDIA ON THE EVE OP FEDEBATION • 221

The States as Grouped to-day. The Real Princes. The Chamber of Princes. Modem Problems. The Princes and the Congress.

CHAPTER XIIl

FJWM RouND TABLE TO FEDEBATION • 240

The F"u:st Round Table. The 1\.feaning of Federal Govern­ment in India. The Princes' Attitude generally. The Demur of 1935· The Draft Instrument of Accession (Special White Paper of 1935).

CHAPTER XIV

THE PluNCES AND T'BElll FU'1111lE IN THE NEW PATI'ERN • 252

Federation. Representation in the Federal Assembly. P068ible Troubles Ahead. The Princes of the Future. The Outstanding Importance of the British Ccown. The Fair Horizon.

~"DIX I

TBI PmNas' StATES AS GROUPED •

APPE:l\"DIX ll

• 265

ErrB.Acrs PJWM THE WBITB PAPER OF 1\.luCH, 1935· Pl:Jm.JsB:ED An:E1. THE P:mras' DDWR • _ • • • • • 275

~"DIX III

Enucrs PJWM THE D1W'T ~"'T OP INSTRUCTIONS TO

• I

Gov!lui<m-GENEJW..S ON FEDERATION • • 279 • ...

LIST OF ILLUSTRAnONS

PlmTAB ' (RAJAH SIR PlmTAB SINGH) AS CoLONEL OP TUB IMPERIAL CADET CoRPS • • Frtntlilpilc.

•ACllfO .... o. l'Jm ANCIENT HINDU 'I'IM:PLI OP SOMNATB IN }UNAGAD STA'm • 16 lNCII!.NT INDIA. GATEWAY AT UPARKAT. }UNAGAD STATE,

KATBIAWAR • • ~ • 17

'AIN TEMPLES IN p ALIT ANA, TOPUB: STATE, RAJPUTANA

lNCIENT HINDU TEMPLE AT DwARKA (BARODA), ON THE \VEST CoAST OJ INDIA

l'Jm FoRTRESS OP DAULATABAD

l'BI ROCK OP GwALIOR •

23 32 33

IYDERABAD. THE CHAR MINAR IN THE CITY (THE 'FoUR MINARETS ') 46

IYDERABAD. THE NIZAM's LAW CoURTS • 47

l'BI ToMB OP VIZIER SAHIB BAH-UD-DIN BHAR IN }UNAGAD, KATHIAWAR 66

lOCKY PEAKs IN }UNAGAD1 K.ATHIAWAR • 67 lR.m RAJPUTANA. THE SARBARMATI VALI..EY FROM ABu 86 l'Jm R1w. INDIA. A GATEWAY IN AJMERE, RAJpUTANA 87 I.H. THB NAWAB OJ BABAWALPUR • • 104

N 1 R..\NJI'S' }AMNAGAR , , 105

...AD NAKHI, MoUNT ABu, RAJPUTANA • • 1a:a

~JEUT.-GENEBA.L SIR BBUPINDRA SINGH, M.uwt.\JAH OF PATL\LA 123 lNCIENT CANNON IN THB }AT STATB OF DHOLPUR • • 142

~ FORT IN Till DECCAN, RELIC OF OLD PAR-QFP DAYS BEFORE Till BRITISH I PEACH • • 143

l'Jm MAHARAJAH OF BIKANIR • • 16o l'BI GUNGA RtssAu (BIL\NIR CAMEL CoRPS) , • 161

l'Jm JoDHPUR' LANCER , • 180

:MPERIAL SERVICB 'TllOOPS1 1912 (AT TUB TIMB OP KING GEORGE'S CoRONATION) • , • , , • • • • 181

~YING SALT IN MITHAPUR, IN KATHIAWAR • • 198 :I.H. THB GAIK.WAR OJ BARODA • 199 ~RUIT PACKERS IN KATBIAWAR • 218 l'HE PARTAB VILLAS PALACB IN }AMNAGAR STATB1 KATHIAWAR • :u9 \N INDIAN STAn's LEAD IN SciENCE • 236 •

ti.H. THB MAHARAJAH Hoi.Jwt OF INDoRE • 237 I'HB PoRT OF VERAvAL, }UNACAD STATB • • 256

I'HB PoRT OP VERAvAL, }UNACAD STATE (WEST CoAST OP INDIA) 257

ll

BOOK I

THE WEAVING OF THE PATTERN OF BRITISH INDIA

CIIAPTER I. THE PRINCES IN OUTLINE

CHAPTER II. THE RisiNG AND FADING OP THB MoGUL ~TAR

CIIAPTER III. NIZAM AND MoGUL, MAIIRATTA AND AFGHAN

CIIAPTER IV. THE BRITISH, THB NIZAM, AND THB MAimATTA

CIIAPTER v. RAJASTHAN AND THB RAJPUT STATES

CHAPTER VI. THE WEAVING OP THB PATI'ERN

CHAPTER VII. THE PuN]AB, KAsHMIR, AND OtmH

·APPENDIX I THE PRINCES 1 STATES AS, GROUPED

SHOWING DISTRIBUTION BY AGENCIES WITH PARTICULARS OF AREA, . PoPULATioN, REVENUE, &c. IN. 1933

•INDEX TO THE SALUTE STATES (The References are to the classes in the Appendix.)

Ajaigarh • • III I4 Gangpur , V 7 Nagod • Akalkot • IV 8 · Gonda! • XI IO Nandgaon Ali Rajpur III 27 Gwalior • I 5 Narsingarh Alwar , X n Hyderabad • .. I I Nawanagar Aundh • IV 7 ldar • XI 2 Nayagarh Bahawalpur IX 2 Indore · • Ill I Orchha • Balasinor VI 8 Jaipur • ; X 2 Palanpur Bamra • , V 14 Jaisalmer • XI IO Palitana • Banganapalle . , VII 4 Jamkhandi . . IV I4 Panna • Bansda • VI 4 Jammu and Kashmir I 4 Partabgarh . Banswara. • X I7 Janjira • IV 2 Patiala • Baoni . III I6 Jaora • III xo Patna • Baraundha • III 22 Jashpur • V II Phaltan • Baria • VI 6 Jath ·• IV IO Porbandar Baroda • I 3 Jawhar. • VI n Pudukkottai Barwani • • III 26 Jhabua. III 2S Radhanpur Bashahr XIV I Jhalawar X I9 Raigarh • Bastar V 3 Jind • • IX 4 Rajgarh • Baud V x8 Jodhpur ' • • X 3 Rajkot • Benares • XV 2 Junagadh • XI 3 Rajpipla • Bharatpur • X 9 Kalahandi • • V 4 Ramdurg .. Bha-Jnagar • XI S Kalat • II I Rampur .• Bhopal • • III 2 Kanker V 17 Ratlam • Bhor • IV 6 Kapurthala , IX 6 Rewa • Bhutan I 6 Karauli X 7 Sachin .• Bijawar • , • III IS Keonjhar • V 6 Sailana • Bikaner • X s Khairagarh • • V I3 Samthar • Bilaspur • IX 9 Khairpur IX 3 Sandur • Bundi • X 4 Khilchipur III :z8 Sangli Cambay . VI 2 Kishengarh • • X 8 Sant , Chamba • • IX 12 Kilhapur • IV I Sarangarh Charkhari • III 13 Korea • V :zo Savanur • Chhatarpur • III I7 Kotah • • • X 6 Sawantwadi Chhota Udepur VIs Kurundwad, Senior IV IS Seraikela Chitral • VIII 1 Kurundwad, Junior IV 17 Shahpura Cochin • • VII :a Las Bela • II 2 Sikkim • Cooch Behar • XIII 1 Limbdi • XI 14 Sirmur • Cutch • XI 1 Loharu. • IX q. Sirohi , Danta • X :n Lunawada , • VI 7 Sitamau • Datia • • III s , Maihar • • • III 24 Sonpur •

Ill 23 . . Vu • III zx

XI4 VIS 1114

• Xx8 Xlu III IZ

• Xx6 lXI Vz

• IV9 Xl6 VII3 XIS

• V9 III 20

XI lS VII IV I6 ·

• XVI • III II

III 3 • VI xo

III I9 • III 9 • VIIs

IVs • VI9 • VI9 . • IV II

IV3 Vx6 Xzo

• I 7 IX7

, X14 III I8

Dewas, Senior. III 7 Maler Kotla. • IX ro Suket • Dewas, Junior • III 8 Mandi , IX 8 Surguja • • Dhar • III 6 Manipur • • XIII Tehri~Garhwal

• VIo IX 13 Vs XV3

Dharampur VI 3 Mayurbhanj • .. V r. Tonk • ' Dhenkanal" • V 8 Miraj, Senior IV u Travancore Dholpur • X 13 Miraj, Junior . • IV I3 Tripura , Dhrangadhra • XI 7 Morvi • • " XI 9 Udaipur • Dhrol • XI 13 Mudhol IV 4 Wadhwan Dungarpur X IS Mysore • I :z Wankaner Faridkot • , IX n Nabha • IX !i .

Xu VII 1 •

• XIII2 • XI

XI 16 •. XI II

STATEMENT SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF INDIAN STATES, WITH PARTICULARS AS TO AREA, POPULATION, REVENUE, &c. d •

(Contractions: A.G.G • ....::Agent to the Govemor-~eral;. P.A.==P~Iitical Agent.)

. Area in • Approx. Salute

. Na~ofState Squ4re Population Revenus in Title of Ruler .of Ruler, Designation of Local

Mile1 in 1031 Lakhl ·in' Gum Political Officer . ' .

I.-STATES JN IMMBDIATB POLITICAL RELATIONS WITH THB GoVJmNMBNT OF INDIA •

82,6981 14,436,1481 837'75 Nizam • 21 Resident at Hyderabad • 29,475 6,ss?,302 358•34 Maharaja 21 Resident in Mysore. .

8,135 2,443,007 249 Maharaja ax A.G.G., Gujarat Statea, and Resident at Baroda.

./ ./ I. Hyderabad •

·a. Mysore. / 3• Baroda.

,;· 4· Jammu and Kashmir . 8s,88s 3.6 .. 6,243 250 Maharaj~ 21 Resident in Kashmir. Resident at Gwalior. Political Officer in Sikkim.

.1 $· GwaUor 26,383 31523,070 241'79 Maharaja 21 6. Bhutan . 18,ooo 300,000 Perhaps Maharaja IS

7· Sikkim. z,8t8 109,8oS about4 s·xo Maharaja IS

• 1-4

1' Do. ·do.

. . . • . 1 Excluding Berar. . · ; -·

I • /

II.-STATES INCLUDED IN THE BALUCHISTAN AGENCY UNDER Tim A.G.G. IN BALUCHISTAN. V"' J , Kalat ?3,278 342,101 l$'10 Khan •;

19 P.A. in Kalat and P .A. in . . charge of the Bolan Paaa and of the Chagai District.

a. Laa Bela 7.132 63,008 3'-" J~ . ,. . Do. do.

III.-5TATBS FORMING THB CENTRAL INDIA AGENCY UNDBR THE A.G.G. IN CENTRAL INDIA •

./ .r. Indore • 9.570 1 13187217 136 , Maharaja I9 A.G.G. in Central India. (21 local)

./ 2. Bhopal • 6,902 ~?29,95S 62·1 Nawab. ' 19 P .A. in Bhopal. .. (2rlocal)

V3· Rewa • • lr3,ooo r,s87.44S 6o , Maharaja 17 A.G.G. in Central India •

4· Orchha • :z,ci8o 314,661 Io·s . Maharaja IS P.A. in Bundelkhand •

S· Datia . . . 9II .r58,834 I6 Maharaja IS Do. do.

V'6.Dhar . I,777 243.430 17'6 Maharaja IS P .A. in S. States of Central .., India and in Malwa .

7· Dewas (Senior Branch} 449 83,321 9'49 Maharaja IS Do. .. do.

8. Dewas Ounior Branch) 4I9 70,SI3 6·4 Maharaja IS Do. do.

9· Samthar I8o 33.307 I'3S Raja • II P .A. in Bundelkhand.

10. Jaora . 6o2 .roo,I66 13'77 Nawab. 13 P .A. in S. States of Central India and in Malwa •.

~ II. Ratfam 693 107,326 IO .Maharaja 13 Do.· do:

u. Panna • :z,s96 xo·96 Maharaja (IS local)

P .A. in Bundelkhand. 1-tf

212,1.30 • II 1:%:1

IJ. · Charkhari 88o I20,3SI 6·69 Maharaja' II Do. do. z '14. A,jaigarh ' 8o2 8S,89S 4'65 Maharaja .' II Do. do. '=' -IS· Bijawar. 973 ns,852 3'53 Maharaja II Do. do. , -r6. Baoni I21 19,I32 1'22 Nawab. II Do. do. :><: I7. Chhatarpur I,130 161,267 s·5o Maharaja II Do. do. -· ··IS. Sitamau 201. 28,4,22 2'7 Raj~ II- P .A. in S. States of Central

I • India and in Malwa. · •·. • 1g. Sailana 297 3S,223 3'SS Raja • .J • II Do. do.

.._ 20: Rsjgarh 962 134.891 II'S. Raja II P .A. in Bhopal. ··• 21..1 Narsingharh • '734 - II3,873 9'SI Raja . II Do. do. . 22. Baraundha :z18 16,071 f •• 0'45 Raja 9 P .A. in Bundelkhand. -~

23. Nagod. sox 74.589 2'39 Raja 9 ··Do. do. 24· Maihar 407 68,991 3'5 Raja 9 Do. do. 25. Jhabua. 1,336. 145.522 4'4 Raja II P .A. in S. States of Central

India and in Malwa. :z6. Barwani 1,178. _I4I 1 IIO Ran a 27. ·Ali Rajpur

u·x II Do. do. 836 IOI,963 ·· 6·r6 Raja

N • II Do. do~ <::7'

:z8. Khilchipur • • 273 4S.58J 2'92 Raja 9 P .A. in Bhopal. -'-~ 69 !~{on-Salute States 2,77I 28o,251 ~7'37

..

A.r6ain A.pprox. ...

Saluts Nams of Stats · Squars Population Revenus in Titls of Ru!er of Ruler, Designation of Local ' . Mile1 in 1931 . • Lakhr in Gun1 Political Ojficer · .

,, , 4 •', " < ): •• '

IV.-8TATES FORMING THB DECCAN STATEs AGENCY PNDBR ·THB A.G.G., DECCAN STATES, AND Rl!siDBNT AT l<oLHAPOR~ • , , , '

· ! . Kolhapur

a. J~ira •

'r~. Sawantwadi

'4. Mudhol f 5· Sangli •

6. Bhor • 7• Aundh. • • 8. Akalkot • 9· Phaltan.

zo. Jath · • u~ Savanur • u. Miraj (Senior) 13. Miraj Uunior) 14· Jamkhandi • ~ zs. Kurundwad (Senior) z6. Ramdurg • • 17. Kurundwad Uunior)

' . ..

377

925

368 11136 . '

925 : SOl 498 397 909 70

342 197 524 z8a 169 114;

957,137 IZ7':t Ma~yaja· r · '!9 I ~. '.

Nawab ·• r . • , u ·1 • (13 local)

Sar Deaal · •• ,. 9 j (r~ Io

9cal). ,

Raja ; ·.. •

A.G.G., Deccan States, · and Resident at Kolha­

pur. Do. #

Do.

do. 110,366'

2301589

6a,86o 258,44a

8·23

6·64.

~ s·69 14•68' ~ja • · • · .9 •

(n personal)

Do. Do.

do.

do, do.

141,546-?6,so7 9%,636

. s8,76r go,:roa !8,430

• 93.957 40,686

· - . .u4,a8a 44,251 35.401 39.563

s·63 4'78 7'14 3'84 3'18 a·ot 4•88 3'63 9'92 3'10 2'99 2·s:r ·

Pant Sachil"' Chief · • .' • Raje Saheb Chief • Chief • • Nawab ~·

'Chief .. , .. Chief .... ' Chief· Chief •

· Bhave Chief

...

9 \

Do. Do. Do. Do:··

·Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do.

d~ •. •do.

do, do. do. do. do. do,, do. do. do. do.

..... ..

v.-BTATIS FORMING THB E\sTBRN STATES AcBNCY VNDBR THB A.G.G., EAsTBRN STATal~ (IN 01U)B1l ov J'()PUI.ATION). I

~· 1. Mayurbhanj • • • 4,243

,a .. Patna • • • a.399 '1/ 3• Bastar • • • • 13,o6:a ~ 4· Kalahandi • • ' 3,745 , 5· S~a • • • 6,oss "' 6. Keonjhar • • • 3,og6 ~ 7• Gangpur · • • • a,492 ,; 8. Dhenkanal • • 1,463 • "" 9· Raigarh • • 1,+86

:ro. Sonpur • • • 906 '4-u. Jashpur • • • 1,963

.ra. Nandgaon • • 871. !J. Khairagarh • • • 931 14. Bam1a • • • • 1,988

;IS• Seraikela . • • • . 449. x6. Nayagarh • • 590· 17· Kanker • • • . 1,430 18. Baud • • • :r,a64 19· Sarangarh • • • 540 ao. Korea • • • • 1,631

ao other Non-Salute StateS 8,g86

889,603 566,924 5&4.721 s:r3;7:r6. 501,939

• , ' 46o,6o9 . \ 356,674 ' 284,326

• 277,569 237.920 193:.698 :r8a,38o 157.400 15!,047 143.525 l+a,4o6 136,xox 135.&+8 u8,g67 go,886

110#0046

28·a '· 6-61

9'23 ,. 6·6,

5'59 r

9'38· 6•29

• 5'08 6•44

.. 3·67 3'74 6·:ra 6·46 5'73 3'94 4'28: 4'14 3'09 ...

:.· ::i:. ~ 29'07''' ..

Maharl\ia • MahariUa • Maharani • M&Qarl\ia • M~~ • • R-va •.• · • .Rrija • ·' ..-,. Rrija - • • R!Ua. ·: •• ' • Maharaja '" • 4

• 9 9

9

t9 Raja •• • ·­Chief • }· . ~ , .. ~.....: Raja • .. Rrija '. • ,. Rrija, .. • ;··4 • Rrija...,

. •

. '

. . .. Chief • Raja •

.. ,_-.;-._.,

Rrijd • • • Rrija " •

I'

A.G.G., Eastern States. Do. . do. Do.· do. Do.. do •• Do. do. Do. do.· Do. do •. • Do: ·do.

-~ Do. do. • Do. do.

Do. . .do. Do. do. Do. ·: do. Do. do.;

'" Do. ; · do. Do. .do •

! Do. do. Do. do. Do. do.

·,Do. , do. Secretary to 'the A.G.G. and P'.A. at Sambalpur. ·

1 Area in A.ppro:c. Salute •

Name of State Square Population Revenue in Title of Ruler : of Ruler, Designation of Local Miles in 1931 Lakhs in Guns Political Officer

' . . -· •

. ./. I. Rajpipla

VI.---8TATES FORMING THE GUJARAT STATES AGENCY, UNDER THE A.G.G., GUJARAT STATES, AND REsiDENT AT BARODA. . .

. I .

~o6,II4,. 2<f.·II· Maharaja • • Il A.G.G., .Gujarat States, and Resident at Baroda.

v/2. Cambay .. v 3· Dharampur

4· Bansda •' v 5· Chhota-Udepur

6. Baria •

7• Lunawada 8. Balasinor 9· Sant

10. Sachin • u. Jawhar. • • .

70 "Non-Salute States and Estates ..

215 890 813

388 I89 394 .. • 49

310 I,68o

87;761 · 9·51 Nawab • II2,~5I . II "7 Raja

· 48,8oi I#,640 I59.429

. 95,162 52,525 83,538 22,I25 57,288

202,768

s·36 2"64 s·61

·4 5·63

'1.277

Raja Raja Raja

~j~ Nawab • Raja Nawab • Raja

{"•

II . 9

(II personal) 9

.. 9 • 9 '

· {II personal) 9 9' 9. 9 9

Do. ·do. Do. do.

Do. Do. Do.

Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do.

do. do. do.

do. do. do.• do. do. do. ,

( ' ' - • . ~jl

VII.---8TATES FORMING THE MADRAS STATES AGBNCY UND~ THE A.G.G., MADRAS STATES • .;; I. Tra~core • • • 7,625 • s,o9s,973 248. Mahara~a~ • I9 A.G.G., Madras States. v 2. Cochin • • · • 1,4I8 z,205,ox6 84·99 MaharaJa • • . I7 · . Do. do. V' 3· Pudukkottai • I,I79 400,694 2I 73 Raja ; • • u Do. do.

4· Banganapalle 255 39,218 4"3<1 Nawab • , 9 Do. do. S· Sandur .- 167 13,583 2·43 Raja •• · Do. do.

-~ 0

-

I. • VIII.-STATES INCLUDED IN THB Noam-WBST F'RoNTIBR PRoVJNCB AGENCY, UJ"mER THB GoVERNOR AND A.G.G.,

V NoRTH-WssT FRoNTIER PRoVJNCB, 1. Chitral • • , ., 4,000 ~· 8o,qoo I Not known! Nawab • .., u I P .A., Dir, Swat and Chitral •

. 4 Non-Salute States • 5,004 493o4SS 22'4 . • •

> l ' . . IX.---8TATES FORMING THB PuNJAB STATES AGENCY UNDER THB A.G.G., PuNJAB STATES.

r. Patiala • . . . So932 r,6.2s,sao r.j.g·83 Maharaja 17 (19 per- A.G.G., Punjab States.

' I sonal & local)

2. Bahawalpur • . . rs,ooo 984,61a 49'77 Nawab • . 17 Do. do.·

3· Khairpur . . 6,oso 237,183 I7'S2 Mir • . IS Do. do.

4· Jind 324,676 (17 local)

. . I,2S9 29'32 Maharaja • 13 (IS per- Do. do.

5· Nabha. 9~8 a87,574 sonal & local)

. . . 29·84 Maharaja 13 .. Do. do. (IS local)

6. Kapurthala . . . . 630 316,757 37 Maharaja • 13 (IS per- Do. do~.

7· Sirmur (Nahan) x,xg8 148,s68 6·o5 sonal & local) I . . Maharaja '• u Do. do.

8. Mandi. • . . 1,2oo 207,465 15'39 Rtija . . II Do. do. 9· Bilaspur (Kahlur) • 448 100,994 3 Raja . \ u Do. do.

10. Maler Kotla • . . x68 8J,072 '14'69 Nawab • ' II Do. do. n. Faridkot . 643 x64,364. r8·97 Raja . ' II Do. do.· 12. Chamba . . . 3,216 146,870 8·38 Raja . II Do. do. 13. Suket . . • 420 s8,4o8 a·25 Raja . II •Do. do. 14. Loharu . . . :a:za ::&3,338 I'J Nawab • 9 Do. do.

. ....

• •

" • ~ < ~·

JJ.pproJe.

f A-mj . Saluts

Noms of State Squars Population Revenusin Title of Ruler of Ruler, Designation of Lotal . •' Mile1 in 1931 Laklu ' in Gum Political Officer

~ , x.-STATES FoRMING THE RAJPO!ANA AGENev tlNDER THE A.o.o. m RAJ~TANA. ,/ ~~ Udaipur (Mewar) • • :ra,

./ ~· Jaipur •

-./ ·, 3· Jodhpur (Marwar) •

' ~ ......-"4. Bundi • " · V' S· Bikaner

V' · 6. Kotah •

'i· Karauli. . 8. Kiahengarh •

.../ 9· Bharatpur

:ro. Jaisalmer

v n. Alwar •

./; :ra. Tonk • ""' 13. Dholpur

14. Sirohi • IS. Dungarpur .,

16. Partabgarh • 17. Banswara 18. Palanpur 19. Jhalawar ;o. ~hnhnu"'

915

x6, 68a

• 35. o66

2, •' 23,

220 315

5. 684

J, 24:& 858

J, 993

• r6, o62

.. . '

3. 213

553 2, I ,zoo

I I ,964 .447

I I

886 ,6o6 ,?69 8to ~0,

1,s66,9ro 5i•o9

a,631,77S 130

2.,1:&5,98:& 137'94

:&16,722 x6·u 936,21~ UI•66

685,804 51·6

140,525 7"1 85.744 7"5

486,565 2.9"45

76,2ss 3'79

749.751 55

. 3i7.360 22"54 :&54.986 17"4

216,528 10"03. 227,544 6•87

76.539 s·8a 225,106 6·o6 264,179 10'~ 107,890 7'89 ,,,22:& . ,·:,~

Maharana ..

' 19 ·.-(21 local)

Maharl\ia . 17 (19local)

Maharl\ia . 17 (19local)

Maharao Rl\ia 17 Maharl\ia •. 17 {19 per-

sonal & local) Maharl\ia . 17

Maharl\ia (19 personal) . 17

Maharl\ia . IS

Maharl\ia 17

Maharawal (19loca1r . 15 •.

Maharl\ia • 15 (r7 per-aonal & local)

Nawab. . ,_.. 17 Maharl\i · . 15

f· (17 personal) Maharao . 15 Maharawal : IS

Maharswat . 15 Maharswal 15 Nawab. . . 13 Maharl\i Rana 13 Raja -··- ·-- .....

. ~ . ..,.,.. ·9 .

Resident in Me P .A;, S. Rajputan

war and a States. and the

putana. Resident in Jaipur

W: States of Raj Do. do

P.A., Haraoti and Tonk. A.G.G., Rajputana

P .A., E. Rl\iputana States.

Do. do Resident in Jaipur

W. States of Rl\i and the putana • States. P.A., E. Rl\iputana

Resident in~Jaipur and the Rl\iputana. W. States of

States. ....,. P .A., E. Rl\iputana

P .A., Haraoti and Tonk. P .A., E. Rl\iputana States.,

A.G.G., Rl\iputana Resident in Me

P.A., war and

Rajpu· Sou them tana States.

Do. do Do. do

A.G.G., Rl\iputana P.A., Haraoti and Tonk. .... oo .. do

XI.-STATES FORMING THB WESTERN INDIA STATES AGENCY VNDER THB A.G.G. IN THB STATES ()F WESTERN INDIA •

-/ 1. Cutch • 7,6161 51•h30'7 32 'tJ Maharao 17 ..t\,.G.G., W. India States.

Ill

{19local)

a. ldar x,669 a6a,66o 14"17 Maharaja IS Do. do.

v 3· Junagadh 3.337 S4S,I52 8J·~3 . Nawab. 13 (IS per• Do. do • sonal & local)

v' 4· Nawanagar . 3.791 409,192 JI2"59 Maharltia IJ Do. do.

v' S· Bhavnagar 2,86o 1o4·6s Maharaja (1_5 local)

·Do. do. soo,274 I3

.; 6. Porbandar 642 us,673 Maharaja Rana (rs local)

Do. do. 22·25 13

./ 7• Dhrangadhra • Saheb

~ I,IS7 88,961 as . Maharaja Raj 13 Do. do. Salieb '"C

8. Radhanpur x,150 70,530 772 Nawab. II Do. . . . do • t"11

..; 9· Morvi ·• 82a 113,023 40 Maharaja II Do. do. z .../ 10. Gonda! 1,024 aos,846 so Maharaja II Do. do •. tj

u. Wankaner 417 44,259 7"43 Raj Saheb II Do. do ~ u. Palitana 289 62,150 xo·67 Thakor Saheb 9 Do. do

13. Dhrol • 283 27,639 2"78 Thakor Saheb 9 Do. do. ...... . 14. Limbdi. 344 40,o88 7 Thakor Saheb 9 Do. do. ' · xs. Rajkot • . 28a 75.540 10 Thakor Saheb 9 .Do. do.

x6. Wadhwan . . . 243 42,602 6"77 Thakor ·saheb 9 Do. do.

w I~L 236 Non-Salute States and 15,239 I,08J,901 99"48

Estates . ,, :• 1 Excluding the Rann of Cutch. ~ ' .

,( XII.-STATES JN RELATIONS WITH THE GoVERNMENT OF AsSAM.

../ x. Manipur

:j ..... , ......... , 8·03 ~ Mohuaja ., II P .A. and Superintendent, Manipur. · .·

·IS Non-Salute States .3.900 xSo,ooo x·S~ N ....... ~-

, Nam~ of Stau

.. v 1. Cooch Behar

v a. Tripura

1. Buhahr

17 Non-Salute Statet 3 Non-Salute Statet

A.r~a in Appr~.·· . ' • Salut1 Squo, Population l?mJtmUI in na, of Rulw of Rulw, Miler in 1931 Lakhl sn Gum

'

XIII.-STATIS IN RBLATIONI WITH THB GOVBRNMBNT OP BBNCAL,

~,318 590,886 37'75 Maharaja 13

4,116 382,450 · 33'5 Maharaja 13

XIV .-STATES IN RBLATIONS WITH THB GoVBRNMBNT OP TH1 PuNJAB.

3,8ao 104,389 3'34 Raja • (9 penonal)

1,275 345

Dengnation of Local Political OjJicw

Commissioner, Rajahahi and P.A., Cooch Behar.

Magiatrate and Collector, Tippera, and P .A., Tri· pura. > :g

The Superintendent, Hill Statea, Simla.

Do.. do. The Commiaaioner of the

Ambala Diviaion.

~ ~

'Jr. Rampur

v'

· XV .-8TATBS IN IU!LATIONS WlTH THB GowRNMBNT 01 THB U~ITBD PaoVJNcas. 893 465,:125 43 Nawab • 15 Commiaaioner of Rohil·

.. '... khand and P .A. for

a. Benarea •

..,/ 3• Tehri-Garhwal

Maharaj• 'a Rampur.

875 391,272 20'09 13 Comnuaaioner and P.A., ( 15 local) Benarea.

4,500 349,573 18·8 Raja u Commissioner of Rohil· khand and P .A. for

J Tehri-Garhwal.

APPENDIX II

EJ.TJlACf FROK THE WBlTE PAPEB. OF MARCH, I9JS, PURl ISRFD AFrEB. THE PRINCES" DDmll

(Command Paper -t343)

TI following short extncts from the White Paper of March. 935, are important as giving some idea of what was in the

minds of the Princes in forwarding their :I>'l!mur to the · Federation proposals.

• This W1ziU Paper ctmlllins t1u folltnz:ing :-I. Introductory Note by the Secretary of State for India.

• 2. Report of Committee of States' Ministers (letter from Sir Akbar Hydari to Sir Bertr.md Glancy). .

3· Resolution passed by a meeting of Indian Princes and repre­sentatives held at Bombay to consider No. 2.

+ Letter to His Exce11ency the Governor-General from Their Highnesses the :Maharaja of Patiala, the Nawab of Bhopal and theA~jamB~~ .

5· Note enclosed with No • .f. .- .. 6. Despatch (Telegraphic) from the secreta.ry of State for India • to the Governor-General in Council

1· Memorandum attached to No. 6. 8. Provisional draft Instrument of Aa:ession.

Of these, however, it is sufficient to give here items 1 and 3· and the Secretary of State's reply to Clause XI of the Demur (item ·2), extracted from item 7 (page 34). -Item 8 is given in Chapter XIIL

No.1 ·

Im'11.0DUCTORY NOTE BY THE SECBETAJlY OF STATE FOB. INDIA

In the course of the debate on 26th February, I undertook that u soon as I received in detail the criticisms of the Indian States on the Government of India Bill, I would in some appropriate way put Parliament in possessimi of them. On the ,5th of 1\larch I received from the Viceroy the text of a letter addressed to him by Their Highnesses the Maharaja of Patiala, the Nawab of Bhopal, and the '-~ja of B.ibner commenting on the BilL I have since ascer­~ through the Viceroy that these Princes have no objection to ' lts publication, and it forms No. 4 of the series now presented in this White Paper. ' .

27.5

APPENDIX II

The rwlies of the Princes to the Viceroy's enquiry about publica­tion of this letter confirm what is stated in the. letter itself-that it is in no sense a withdraWal from their adherence to the policy of an All-India Federation. It was sent to the Viceroy as a basis of future negotiations and discussions with a view to facilitate the entry of the Indian Stat~ into Federation, and to explain to His :Majesty's Governmen\ the difficulties which the Princes felt, so far as they had been able to examine the Federal scheme as set out in the BilL Their Notec was prepared in the shortest pos8ible time, and they are anxious that any impression based merely on the manner in which their case is presented should not lead to a misunderstanding of their attitude. ·

¥Y despatch to the Viceroy (No. 6 of the series) and the Memoran­dum which a~mpanies it will assist to present the matter in its

. true perspective. The range of apparent di1ference in regard to the Bill is in the ~t place narrowed by the fact that certain matters which have been brought into the discussion are quite outside the scope of the Bill. There· are certain matters, of whiCh the exercise of the -Paramountcy of the Crown is an example, which are im4oubtedly of hnportance to the States ; but they have for some years been the subject of discussion between His Majesty's GovliPl· ment and the Princes, and are independent of the form of the Bill, from which they are a distinctissue. .

Secondly, these papers will, I hope, dispel any suspicion that His Majesty's Government has departed from any agreements arrived at or ·from assurances given. In more than one passage of the documents representing the. views of the Princes there appears a suggestion that in various particulars the Bill is based. upon new decisions by His Majesty's Government. But, except in regard to two points of secondary importance which are referrt:d to in my Memorandum (No. 7 of the series), the provisions of the Bill embody the recommendations of the Joint Select Committee's Report, which, in so far as the Princes are ooncemed, followed substantially the scheme of the.White Paper, which itself was based on the conclusions of the Rotind Table Conference. There has been no departure from the-principles then agreed. .

Thirdly, the range of di1ference is further narrowed by the fact that His Majesty's Government has, on examination of the Princes' Note, been able to suggest modifications in the presentation of certain details of ~ Bill which, if accepted by Parliament, should go far, without any sacrifice of the essential principles of the Joint Select Committee's Report, to :meet the difficulties which the Princes have

•

APPENDIX II

felt in respect to them. There remains the problem .of the precise manner in which the States.are to accede to federation~a problem which arises mainly in connection with clause 6 of the Bill and the form of the Instrument of Accession. This is in itself a ·difficult problem, if only on account of its novelty and of its far-reaching consequences. But the analysis of the problem in that part of the Memorandum which deals with Clause 6 will show that the points of view of the Princes and of the Bill are not, as may have been assumed,

~inconsistent ;· the problem, indeed, is less one of opposing political outlook than of drafting technique. The desiderata of His MajiSty's

. Government and ·of the Princes are not irreconcilable, though the problem remains of bringing them together in the terms of a statutory document. I am confident, however, that .the discussions between

"the legal representatives of the State and the Parliamentary drafts­men, to whioh the Princes have now agreed, will lead to solutions which will commend themselves alike to the States and to Parliament.

' No.3

RESOLUTION PASSED BY A MEETING OF INDIAN PRINCES AND.,

REP¥9ENTATIVES HELD AT BOMBAY ON THE 25TH FEBRUARY, 1935

The Princes and the representatives of the States present at this meeting have examined the Government of India Bill and the draft Instrument of Accession and read and considered the Report made by the Committee of Ministers presided over by Sir A. Hydari which has recently dealt with some of the important provisions of the said Bill and the draft Instrument of Accession. They have also con­sidered the opinions of_ legal advisers· and experts whose views· have been obtained thereon. While res·erving to themselves the· right to offer further observations and criticisms in due course, the Princes and representatives of the States present at this meeting fully endorse; the observations and criticisms contained in the· Report submitted by the Committee of Ministers to the extent that the Committee have been able to deal with the rp.atters in question. ·

This meeting desired to emphaSise that in I}.lany respects the Bill and the Instrument of Accession depart from the agreements arrived at during the meetings of representatives of the States with members of His Majesty's Government, and regrets to note that. the !Jill and the Instrument of Accession do not secure those vital interests and fundamental requisites of the States on which they have throughout · laid great emphasis. · ·

APPENDIX II

.This meeting is of the definite opinion that in their present form. and without satiSfactory modification and alteration on fundamental points, the Bill and Instrument of Accession cannot be regarded as acceptable to Indian States. . ·

No.7 MEMORANDUM A1TACHED TO TBB S. OF S. DESPATCH (E:rr:RACT}

{l'X) His Majesty's Government understand thit the States feel apprehensive as regard the effect of their acceptance of the-legislative and executive authority of the Federation in certain matters upon their relations with the Crown in other matters ; and these appre-'

. hensions have no doubt also influenced their Highnesses in the claim . ·mad~ in paragraph 9 of their Note that the Bill should reproduce in some form the ~rovisions of Section IJ2 of the existing Government of India Act, which· provided that all treaties made, by the East India Company are, so far as they ;u-e in force at the commencement of the Act, binding on His Majesty.

. .This se¢on appeared ·first ln. the Government of India Act . I858, where it was obviously required by reason of the transfer ~ch that Act effected of all the rights and obligations of the East India Company to the CroWn ; and it was only re-enacted in the Govern­ment of India Act of 1915, because that Act consolidated existing Statutes relating to India, and not because it was thought necessary to re-affirm obligations which the Cro!fD had already assumed. The

· Crown's engagements towards the Indian Rulers need no re­affirmation by Parliament. But His Majesty's Government are pre­pared if the Rulers so desire to conSider the insertion in this Bill of a provision to the effect that nothing in the Act will affect the engage­ments of the Crown outside the Federal sphere. If, in addition, some States desire a re-affirmation of the engagements of the Crown towards them so far as they relate to matters outside the. Federal sphere, this would, as on other occasions, more appropriately take some extra-statutory form, and· His· Majesty's Government will consider how best a satisfactory assurance can be given to those so desiring it. Such an assurance would perhaps most conveniently be given at the time when the execution of Instruments of Accession is accepted by His Majesty.

APPENDIX III

EXTRACTS FROM THE DRAFT INSTRUMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS TO GOVERNOR-GENERALS ON FEDERATION

. (Comd. 4805 of 1935)

I N the Instrument for the Governors-General that it is proposed to issue the following are the principal sections that refer to the Princes' States that have joined the Federation or• otherwise.

They show the general ihtention clearly enough • . ,. , After the preamble

Now THEREFORE WE do by these Our Instructions under our Sign Manual and ~ignet declare our pleasure to be as follows :- · ·

XV. Our Governor-General shall construe his special respon~ sibility for the protection of any rights of any Indian State as requiring him to see that no action shall be taken by his Ministers,~d no Bill of th.~ Federal Legislature shall become law, which would imperil the economic life of any State, or affect prejudicially any right of any • State heretofore or hereafter recognized, whether derived from treaty, grant usage, sufferance or otherwise, not being a right apper~ · taining to a matter in respect to which in virtue of the Ruler's Instrument of Accession, the .Federal Legislature may make. laws for his State and his subjects. · ·

.. IN REGARD TO RELATIONS· BETWEEN THE FEDERATION,

PROVINCES, AND FEDERATED STATES

XX. Whereas it is expedient, for .the common good of Provinces and Federated States alike, that the authority of the Federal Govern~ ment and Legislature in these matters which are by law as signed to them should prevail.

And whereas at the same time it is the purpose of the said Act that on the one .hand the Governments and Legislatures of the Provinces should be free in their own sphere to pursue their own policies, and on the other hand that the sovereignty of the federated States should remain unaffected save in so far as the Rulers thereof have otherwise agreed by their Instruments of Accession ; ~·

179

z8o · APPENDIX III

· And \\'hereas in the interests of the harmonious co.:Operation o the several meinher:s of the body politic the said Act has empowerec Our Governor-General to exercise at his discretion certain power. affecting the relations between the Federation.. and Provinces anc States:

It is Our. Will and pieasure that Our Governor-General, in the exercise o~ these powers should give unbiased consideration as wel

·to the views of the Governments of Provinces and to the Federate<l States as to those of his own nlinisters, whenever those views an in ~nffict, and, in particular when it falls to him to exercise hi~ power to issue orders to the Governor of a Province or directions to the Ruler of a Federated State, for the purpose of securing that the executive authority of the Federation is not impeded or prejudiced. or hi.s powet to determine whether provincial law or federal law shalJ regulate a matter in the sphere in w~ch both Legislatures have power to make laws.

XXI. It is our desire that Our Governor-Genet:al fhall by all reasona~le. means. encourage consultation with a .. ~c:W to common action 'between the Fede~tion, Provin~ and Federated States.

. . . . XXII. In particular We require our Governor-General to ascer-

tain by the method which appears to him best suited, to the circum­stance of each case the views of Provinces and of Federated States upon any legislative· proposals which ~t is proposed to introduce in the Federal Legislature for the imposition of taxes in .which Pro-vinces or Federal States are interested. "" •

INDEX

A

Adoption of heirs, 136 wisdom of system, xs6

Mghan king-making, xo6 British policy regarding, 107 invasions and designs on India, 46 victory at Panipat, 49

Mghanistan and Britain to-day, :u8 and Shah Sujah, xo8

~- British desire for friendship, ISS British success in, I II subsequent failure in Second

Mghan War, 113 the treacherous invasion of Aman-

ullah, :n9 · • Aga Khan and the War, 191

Ahmad Shah founds Duranni Em­pire, 46 o

invades India, 46 the abali, 46

Ali Johur becomes Emperor, 51 Mogul,43

Alwar State to-day, :zo8 Amherst, Lord, Governor-General,

xos Amir Khan of Tank, 97 Arabs invade Sind, x8 Arjamand and the apples, 3 r Armies of the Princes, 176

old story of, 177 Aryan invasion of India, 17 Asaf Jah, 37

death of. 47 marches north, 42 · -~ See Nizam-ul-Mulk

Asoka's kingdom, 17 Aurungzebe, :z8

his successor, :z8

.. B

'Baber rides to Delhi, 28 Bahadur Shah succeeds Aurung.

zebe, 33 and the Mahrattas, 34 and the Sikhs, 31

Bahswalpur ·assists British aga~t the Sikhs, 132

Baji Rao I, Peshwa, 40 Balaji Biswanath, 34, .40 · · Banda, defeated by the Mogul, 33 Bangalore, ·question of, 201 Barlow, Sir George, 94 ·

fBaroda, its present .,ruler and Diamond ]ubilee, 202

its story,-:zox . · to-dl}y, 201

. Barton, Sir William, and Political Department, xo6

on education of Princes, :z6x views on Hyderabad, 196

Bassein, Treaty of, 63. Bengal, Diwani of, granted to

English, SI Berar, Rajah of, x8x7, 97 . , Berars controversy, the, x97 Bhangi-Jhanghi, rhyme of, 43 Bhils in Rajputana, 207 Bhopal State established, xo:z

v. Moslem States, 212 Bhurtpore defies Lord Lake, 70

. but makes,terms, 70 campaign of x8:z6, xo4 stonned, 106

Bhutan, 217 . Bijapore and Sivaji, 31 · destroyed, 32 · Bikanir, Maharajah of, in the World

War, 192 · · , State to-day, :zo8 ....

• Black Mango Tree, Battle of,' 48 · Bonsla, the, 98 Brinjaras, the, 42 British, the States~ first contact

with, 22 Buddhism, fading of, x8

c '

Cashmere, v. Kashmir Chagatai, tl. J agatai Chamba state, 2n Chamber of Princes, the, 23:1 • Chopperbands,' the, 27 Chetoo Pindari, 97 . . . Chin Chillik Khan, v. Asaf Jah Chitoor, the Sacas of, So · Churchill, Mr. Winston, allegation

of, 245 · Cochin State to-day, :zxo

its ports, :ZXO Combermere, Lord, takes Bhurt­

pore, 105 Company, the, extends to the Indus,

107 Congress agitators in the States, 239 '

short shrift, 239

INDEX . Contingents, the, 170

the Gwalior Contingent, 179 the Hyderabad Contingent, 180

Cooch Bihar, 217 Cornwallis, Lord, at Seringapatam,

succeeds Marquis Wellesley, 71 death, 71 .• • ·

Crown, importance of, to Princes in · the New India, z6o. · assumes direct control of India,

ISS Curzon, Lord, and the :princes, 171 .. his uisdom and error, 17a

D

• Dalhousie; Earl, and Sikh, IJZ. his annexation policy, 134 . misrepresented, 135 .

Daulatabad, 27 de Boigne, Count, 64 Delhi, Battle of, 69

defence of, 69 siege of, 69 •

Devagiri made Tuglaq capital, z6 Dewas, States of, 2o6 Dhar, State of, 206 . • Dinkur Rao, the famous Gwalior

-~ - Minister, 148 Dravidian India, 17

_ Dudrenac, the Chevalier, 6z Durand, Colonel, at Indore, 149

E

East India . Company, its achieve-ments, 119 . ·

Edwards, Herbert, in second Sikh war, 131

Egypt, British Indian expedition to, x8or, 65 .

Ellenborough, Lord, and Afghanistan, ns and gates of Somnath, us

· and Gwalior, 123 · and Sind, u6 famous minute on Par&mountcy,

174 .

.p

Federal Finance Committee, 236 Federal government, meaning of, 243

Princes' attitude, a.u ••

I

Federal Legislature, representation of Princes in, 255

' Financial Fact~finding coin .. mittee,' 235

Foreign relations, 254 Furnavis, "· Nana ·

G

Gaikwar, "· Baroda Gaikwar, Pilaji, the first, 4:1 Goddard's march across India, 61 Gough, Sir Hugh, in Gwalior, 123 Govemor~General, the, and the

States, 24 "·Viceroy

Gulab Singh of Jammu offered Jellalabad, 79 •

Gurkhas, "· Nepal Gwalior, 20

and Sikhs Army, ua campaign in, 123- ' .. in 1843. 12:1 • .. -in 1857, 148 ~-~ one of the • Big Five,' 203 to-day, 201

Gwalior, IJ.ock or,· captured• by Goddard in 1857, 61

H

Haidar Ali, s6 usurps Mysore throne, 57

Hamilton, Colonel, at Indore, 149 Hoare, Sir Samuel, and : Mr

Churchill allegation, 245 • and the Princes' • demur,' 246 and revised instrument of acces­

sion, 249 Holkar in 1857, 149

and Durand, 149 to-day, zo6

Holkar, Mulhar Rao I, 42o and Monson, 69 at Delhi, 6g

• avoids Second War, 68 · :Jeawunt Rao, death, 98

leaves field at Panipat, so in Third War, 68

Holkar, "· Indore Hyderabad in 1857, 151

and the Berars, 197 Contingent in 1857, 1$:& ita terrain and people, 199

INDEX Contingents, the, i>osiclon as a

corps d'elite, 198 State. See Nizam the modem State, 196 the most important, 197 See also Nizam

I

· Ibrahhu Gardi at Panipat, so . Imperial Service Troop, the, So

difficulties of, 104 good services of, 103. inception, 102

>India Act passed, 252 and the Princes, 252 its operation.and commencement,

253 . outline of, 254 " ' •

India after Panipat, 53 development after x8s9. ISS early history outlined, 17 in the forties, 119 situation after Panipat, S3 weaving of British pattern, 102

lndia'i Constitution, future of, 259 Indian States Committee (H. Butler),

235 ' Indore to-day, 206

its modem Westernized Prince and rule, :zo6

Indraput, city of, 18 Islam, the coming of, x8, • Islamic conquest, spread of, 26

J Jagatai, 16o

K

Kalat State, story of, 216 today, 216 "· Moslem States

Kashmir State, founding of, 130 Army and the Pamir Wars, x8s Black Mountain, 187 Chitral drama, t86 peculiar frontier posrtion of, 131,

xss HW12ll Campaign, x86 its early story, 204 · sends troops to Siege of Delhi, :i:31 to-day,204 .

Kathiawar States, 225 Kipling, R., and battle of Panipat, so Kolhapur to-day, 206

the late Maharajah, 206 his war service, 207

Koramdevi, story of, 87 Kosseir, British land at (18ox), 65 Kahattriyas, 17

and 'Raj}'uts, 18 Kutub-u-din, x8

Lake, British C.-in-C., 67 fails to take Bhurtpore; 70 famous victories over Sindhia,· 67 pursuit of Holkar, 70 remonstrance to Lord Cornwallis,

71 . Las Beyla, 212 •. Loharu State of, 212 Lony Ochter Sahih, 69

M

Jahandar Shah, Mogul puppet,· 35 Mahmud of Ghazni, 18 Jammu and Kashmir,"· Kashmir Mahratta Canker, the, 29

army, "· Kashmir Mahrattas, rise of,. 29 · Jammu, State of, 129 and Mghans, 45 ·, · Japan and Indian cotton trade, and Disaster of Panipat, 48

238 at Delhi, 42 Jats and Rajputs, · . . Confederacy, 34 )hansi, annexation of, 137 " development of, 42

death of ex-Rani, 154 • ,. fail to repel Nadir. Shah 43 Jhind in 1857, 154 Ballajee Rao, death of, 6o Jiwan Bakht, Mogul puppet, 48 Mahratta State to-day, 205 )odhpur, 208 ·· not inhabited by Mahrattas, 206 )ohur sacrifice; the, 31 States, the small ones, really Joint Committee, the, 242 Mahratta, 206 , .

INDEX Mahrattas, Firsi wars with the

· British, 61 Swnul, 6:z Lord Lake and Arthur Wellesley,

67 . .

schooled by Britain,· 200 a modd State, 201

N Third, Holkan attack, 68

Defence of Delhi, 68 Nadir Shah Kuli, 4j Monson's retreat, 69 arrives at Delhi, 44

Fourth, 96 . · strips the Mogul. 45 League with the Pindaris, 96 King of Mghanistan, 22.0

Malcolm, Captain, and the Nizam, Nagpore, annexation of, 137 , 59 Nana, the, in 1857, 153

Mani}lur, 215 . Nana Fumavis, 6:z Mediatized. States, roo . Nepal invades India, 95 Meheidpore, battle of, 92 . War, 96 Minto. Lord, and the Princes, 173 happy conclusion, 96 Mogul as Mongol, r6o services in 1857. 154

Empire and Ethnology, 16o in World War, 218 Moguls, rise of the, 28 Nizam, ·the, 35

foolish policy in the Deccan, 30 and the Mghan :Ovasion, 1919, dryrot among, 35 ~ .• .,192 Emperor ,blind and a prisoner, 64 and the British, 55

Monson, Col., disastrous retreat, 68 and M. Raymond, s8 Momington, Lord,. and l\larquis and the Moguls, 39

Wellesley, 63 and the Sayyad,:38 Moslem States, 197 French Brigade disbanded, 59

and Hindu Subjects, problem of, loyalty in 1857, 151 258 meaning of, 37

Bahawalpur, 211 Nasir Jung, SS Bhopal, 212 Nizam Ali dies, 67

• its importance, 212 rise of, 36 story of the Begums, 213 Sikandar Jah succeeds, 67 prominence of present ruler, to-day, personal wealth, zoo

213 . • Nizam-ul-Mulk, 37 ' Rampur, 214 . become Vizier, 40

its Rohilla origin;.214 created AsM Jih, 41 • Tank, ars · . · ' death of, 47 Muazzim, p;Bahadur Shah No~-West Frontier· States, 215 Muhummad .Shah, Empero.r, 36. · Mulhar Rao Holkar deserts~ from

Panipat, 51 Multan, siege of, IJL Mutiny•of Bengal Army, 144

effect of, 145 loyalty of Phulkian State, 145 Sindhia and Holkar, 147.

Mysore and Haidarab, s6... , . Mysore,"' . . and Haidarah. s6:

General Harris, 59 ..

Death of Tippoo, 6o ~ • Four wars of the British with,

57' .. throne usurped by Haiderab, 57 in modem times, 200 its story since 1798, 201

0

. Oody Singh, Sf Osmanli, 161 Ottomans, 16o Ottoman Sultan and Calipha~e,

161 Oucbterlony and defence of Delhi, • 6g ..

: • Lony Ocbter • Sa/Ub, 69 'Oudh and Lord Momington, 65

annexation of, 134 story of, 132 terrible misgovernment, 134

Outram in Sind, 116

INDEX

Panipat, Battle of, 48 . ' Paramountcy' in 1859, 157

in the India Act of 1935, Lord Ellenborough's· minute, 174 Lord Reading's memorandum,

163 . facts of the, I 59 where it lielJ to-day, 235

Patiala in x857, 150 State to-day, 211 . importance of its rulers, 211

Pertab Singh, Rajah of ldak and Jodhpur,79

anecdotes of, 23I greatly beloved, 23 I ·

Peshwa, the, 34 , becomes hereditary, 4I

Narayan Rao murdered, 6o and the Britis~, 98 Baji Rao II, 62 Mahdoo Rao U, suicide of, 6~ · ;

Phulkian State, the, 2I . origins, 126 staunch loyalty in 1857, 150

Pindaris, tragedy of the, 94 atrocities of, 97, 98 War, the, 96

Politicv Department, the, 23 after 1859, 166 and misrule, 170 and Lord Cur:zon, difficulties confronted, 169 necessity for system, 168 tendency to bureaucracy, x68 to-day, 221 .

Princes, and Congress, 2j8 and defence, complicated nature

of question, x88

possible troubles 'ahead, 258 staunch support by many, 149 the cement in the Indian edifice,

260 · · the real, 226 . under the Crown, 156 .. unlimited assistance, 190 without martial subjects, 188 young, education of, 189 of India in general, IS' area of their States, I6 their number, x6 .

Princes' States, administratior, re· ports, 228 . •

and tariff problems, 237 armies of, in x857, 142 as grouped for policy and deal-

ings, 222. before the Mutiny, 141 British policy towards, 143 effect of Mutiny in, 144 · first development of, 158

' in modem times, I9I modernity and antiquity blended,

227 newly fonned or advanced, ZI5 services and administration, 227 States, "· States the ' Big Five,' 195 traversed by.railway, I58 various classes, 223

Pritwi, Rajah, 18 Protected Sikh States, 99, 126 . See Phulkian States ·

Pudmini, story of, 81 Punjab, annexation of, 1_32 .. .

and Federation, x6s, 243, 244 • "' . '"':

Q ., ... and First Round Table, 241 and Lord Curzon, 171 and Lord Minto, 1721 and representation in Federal

Legislature, 255 · and share in defence, 187 and the Contingents, 179 and the Crown, 23 and their forces, 176 and the Kaiser, 191 · are dictators, 227 attitude in the World War, 190 behaviour in 1857, 143 'Demur' of 1935, 244 forces in the World War, 192 go to France, 191 of the future, 259

Qamar~rid-din, vizier killed, 46 Queen Sunjota,.story of, go" · 9ueen ·Victoria and. the Begams of

Bhopal, 213 · · Proclamation, 162

Qutub-ud-din. Vide Kutub . . : .. /

'R .. Rafi-ul-Khudr, Mogul puppet, 38 lUjasthan, 19 .

history of, 72 · founding of States, 78 saved by British, 99

Rajputana, 19

INDEX Rajputs, 72.

· and Akbar, so. and the Moguls, 7S hatred of Mahrattas, 207 in the Bengal Army, 77 · J?leaning of tenn. 73 •

RaJput States to-day, 207 Rampur, "· Moslem States . Reading, Lord, at Simla, 229 Right-of-Lapse, the, foregone, 156 Rohilkand, 53 · . Roshan Aktar, "· Muhammed Shah

.. Roufld Table, First, the, 240 surprise attitude of Princes, ;&of. I

s Saadat Khan, 41 Salar Jang of Hyderabad, kS2

_ Salbai, Treaty of, 61. • Salute ' States, 100 • Salu~," importance of, 22Z Sambaji, fate of, 32 Satara, annexation of, 137 Sayyad Brothers, the, 3S ._the end of, 39 '

Seringapatam, 59 stormed by General Harris, 6o

Shahib-ud-din, vizier, 47 Shah Alum II, 63 . Shahji, Bonsla, 29 Sikh, annexation by British, 132

Kingdom, death of Runjhit Singh, uS

rise of, 124 Runjhit ·Singh, 125

conquests of, 126 suicide of Sikh Raj, U9 ·

States, "· Phulkian States War, Pint, 129

Second, 131 · Sikhs, story of, 125

Sobraon, 129 and Lord Gough, 131 ChillianwalJah, 131 Gujerat, 132 . ·

Sind, story of the annexation, 115 and Sir Charles Napier, 116 and usurping Talpoors, 115 •

· astounding prosperity resulting, 117

recent light on, uS State of Khaipur left in being, 1 17

Sindhia, Daulat Rao. story of, 121

"'

· defies British, defeated, 67 Junkoji Rao, IU Jaiaji Rao, 122

in 1857, 149 and MacPherson, 149

Ranaji, 42 becomes C.-in-C. to the

Emperor,63 escapes from Panipat, 51 shares Malwa with Holkar, 43

Sivaji cult, the modern, 207 Sivaji, ent_hroned, 32

rise of, 29 Somnath, Gates. of, true story, ns Southern Mahratta Campaign, 1844,

124 Special Paper of 1935, 252 · • States of the Flower, "· Phulkiarl

States • States, the Princes', types and classes,

.. 19 States,t~.Princes'States Subsidiary System, the, 63 Sudasheo, the :Qhow, marches

against Mghlins, 49 missing after Panipat, so

Suraj Mull, J it chief, leaves Mah-rattas,49 · •

T

Tanjore, restored by the British, 65 Tank, Amir Khan of, 97

State, "· Moslem States Tartars comes to India, 18 Titles of the Princes, sonorous

Persian, 2()8 Travancore State, Christians in, 210

progress and advanced education in, 210 -.

story of, 209 to-day, 209 .

Tuglaqs, the, 26 -Turb come to India, 18 Turk, Tartar, Mogul, ~6r

Udaipur, 78 Saea of, 8o State to-day, 207

Uniate Syrian Church, :uo

INDEX . V··

Viceroy and· blackmail. of ·Princes,

257 • 'th and Prmces' contact Wl , 157, 165

and Princes' ' demur,' 247 and Ranjhit Singhi, 246

Viceroy of Ali Verdi Khan, 45 of Bengal, 23 ofOudh, 20

Victorian years, the, 159 Vizier Qamar~ud-din, 46

w Warren Hastings, .63 Watson, Admiral, at Geriah, 6z Wellesley, Arthur, his memorandum

on th!' Mahrattas, 64

Wellesley, Marquis, and .Mahrattas, 57 calls their bluff, 64 ends French influence, 57 . success of policy, 100 tragedy of reversion . of his policy,

93 ' • . Willingdon, Earl, 1'73

his last warning, 259 · Wiswas Rao at Delhi, 48.

slain at Panipat, so Wurgaon, disaster of 1778, 61

z Zalnan Shan, Durani Emperor, 59

invades India, 64 · and Runjhit Singh, uo

Zulfiqr Khan, 33 his career, 35

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