The history of tourism and hospitality

THE HISTORY OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES;

• Describe the History of Tourism

• Describe the History of Hospitality

• Explain the origin, events and tourism and hospitality industry in the Philippines

• Identify important contributions of the pioneers of Tourism and Hospitality

EARLY TOURISM

• Tourism comes from the Hebrew word "torah," which meaning

"education, teaching, or law."

• Tourism is derived from the Old Saxon term "torn," which means "leave

with the aim of returning" in certain books.

• Travel (from the word "Travail") has evolved from something that only a

few people (the wealthy) could do to something that anybody can do.

EARLY TOURISM

• The two reasons why people

travel is

• for Business

• for Religious

• The Sumerians

• invented money and wheels.

EARLY TOURISM

• The Greeks' creation of the Olympic Games

in 776 B.C. led to the development of another

type of travel for entertainment.

• They built horse stables every 6 miles, and

these specific sites can be used to replace

fatigued horses or get new hose to travel faster

- Petrol stations.

EARLY TOURISM

• One of the most important pilgrimage

destinations in the 14th century was St.

Jame of Galicia, which is located in Spain.

• The word “Holiday” was derived from an

Old English phrase hāligdæg (holy day).

• For English pilgrims had to obtain and

carry permits - passports

MEDIEVAL PERIOD

• The decline of the travel

declined.

• Religious travels were the only

one who traveled during the

period.

RENAISSANCE

• Educational travel was offered as a

new type of travel.

• Young men's educational journey

became known as the "Grand Tour."

• The practice had become

institutionalized for the top class of

society by the 18th century.

RENAISSANCE• Another purpose of regular

travel : health and culture. People who are sick look for cures, while others seek out culture.

• Spas or medical baths. • Sanitas Per Aquas – “health

through waters”

• The term spa comes from the Spanish word espa -"fountain."

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• Travel grew in popularity. • Technological advancements and

• Societal changes

• Enjoyment (Leisure Travel)

• People's increased productivity and urbanization provided them with the chance and financial means to take a vacation (“Staycation”)

MODERN TOURISM (19TH Century)

• The development of two technological developments:

• the building of a railway system

• the creation of steam power.

• Low-cost commercial aircraft

• The invention of steam power which led to the popularity of

day cruises and the development of resorts along the

coasts of major cities throughout the world.


• Thomas Cook

• First travel organizers to plan a railway journey

between Leicester and Loughborough, England.

• In 1866, he organized an American Tour.

• "Cook's Circular Notes" - traveler's check.

• The Baedeker,

• Most popular guide book of the century,

• Main book for Europeans.


• The growth of income, curiosity, and adventure attitudes

among people at the turn of the twentieth century, as well as

the development of more accessible, safe, and convenient

transportation, propelled the leisure travel sector forward.

• The development of motor cars – motorized public road

transport boosted popularity of seaside tours.

• Another is the interest in international travel.

• The Tourism and Hospitality industry remains to be one of

the major contributors to economic diversification and

source of foreign exchange.

HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

Ancient period

• Sumerians:

• They are the earliest recorded hospitality industry.

• They also introduced money and writing

• Alcoholic beverages – the Beer which were

considered to be safest drink than their water.

• Taverns the very first hospitality business

Ancient period

• Early Traders• Establishment of caravanserai

along the Silk Road. • Caravanserais were classified as

"guest homes" or "roadside inns" that were built to accommodate visitors and traders for the night.

Empires: 3200 BC to 476 AD

• Egyptian Empire:

• Egyptian hospitality is well-known - large feastheld in honor of their distinguished visitors and dignitaries.

• Egyptians were the first to start the tourism and hospitality industry

• Famous pyramids


• Greek Empire:

• The emergence of inns and taverns in ancient Greece.

• Inns and taverns were highly regarded and provided excellent meals to travelers.

• One of the many reasons they were regarded as one of the most hospitable empires of their time was because of this.


• Roman Empire:

• Trade, interchange of products, battles, road networks, religious activities, sports, and tourist sites are all possible contributors to the growth of travel and tourism.

• Roman technologies such as Roman law, cement, concrete, and army, wild cuisine, animal fat candles, and roman numerals may have aided travel and tourism both directly and indirectly.

• Khans• which were a combination of stables, sleeping quarters, and

castles, were built. These were basic structures that provided protection not just from the elements, but also from foes and robbers.

Medieval Period (Dark Ages)

• Innkeeping practically vanished after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD

• Christians had a responsibility to provide hospitality to tourists and pilgrims.

• “Xenodocheions” Greek word that means “inns or resting places”

• The Hospice of St. Bernard was the most famous of these monastery-shelters.

• The Roman roads became known as post roads were relay stations converted to “post

houses” or “posting houses” – which served as a lodging facility

• In Europe, rest houses for pilgrims were established by Charlemagne

Renaissance: 1350 AD to 1600 AD

• There was a decrease in the number

of available restaurants or dining

establishments throughout this time.

• In England, taverns, pubs, and inns

did not serve food or drink, and the

higher class disregarded these

establishments.

Early Modern Period: 1600AD to 1800AD

• The stagecoach was the most popular means of

transportation.

• In the 1600s, a rule requiring innkeepers to acquire

licenses.

• Innkeepers are obligated to accept all travelers under the

common law.

• The common law created two principles that are still

followed in our hospitality business law today:

• innkeepers must insure (insurance) their guests' property and

• ensure their safety.

Early Modern Period: 1600AD to 1800AD• A type of eating place for commoners was introduced at

England in the 16TH century which is called ordinary.

• Boulanger

• Restaurants, a French word that means "restoratives,"

were the name for these establishments.

• A dish composed of sheep's feet with a sauce was one of the

items on his menu.

• France - Café. Café is the French word for “coffee”.

• Café Procope

The Industrial Era: 1800s

• The Industrial Revolution

• It is a time marked by the

industrialization of society and

economies,

• the invention and mechanization of

various kinds of transportation,

including railways.

Modern Period• Nineteenth Century

• The evolution of the hotel business.

• Hotel began serving food and beverages to the

travelers.

• Sophisticated facilities that supplied superior rooms

and dining areas to the general public

• The creation of various hotel selling facilities such as

hotel bars, hotel pools, and hotel architectural

improvements.

• The term "restaurant" was then used to refer to a

hotel's dining room.

Modern Period• Twentieth Century

• The development of a hospitality culture among people, presented

a major financial opportunity.

• Many large hotel chains began operating in the mid-twentieth

century.

• Automobiles became immensely popular.

• The rise of motels, which are accommodation facilities erected

beside major highways

• In the year 1980, the United Nations World Tourism Organization

(UNWTO) announced the 27TH day of September as “World

Tourism Day”.

Modern Period• Twenty-First Century

• The integration of technological

advancements into the hospitality

industry

• Engineering advancements enabled

the construction of taller and more

technological hotels.

Origin of Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines

Dates Milestone

1950 Philippine Tourist and Travel Association was established as a private initiative

to promote the Philippine as the major travel destination

1956 The Philippine Congress created the Board of Travel and Tourist Industry

1973 The Department of Trade and Tourism was divided into two departments that

led to the creation of the Department of Tourism as a new level of Cabinet by

President Ferdinand Marcos. Agencies such as Philippine Tourism Authority and

Philippine Convention Bureau were created under the Department of Tourism

and it was renamed as Ministry of Tourism

1986 The Department of Tourism was reorganized under President Corazon Aquino's

Executive Orders 120 and 120-A, and the Philippine Convention Bureau was

renamed the Philippine Convention Visitors Corporation.

1998 The Department of Tourism played a key role in the culmination of the centennial

celebrations of the Philippines' independence from Spain.

Origin of Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines

2003 Under Secretary Richard Gordon, the Department of Tourism launched one of

its most successful tourism promotion projects, Visit Philippines 2003.

2009 The passage of Republic Act No. 9593, also known as the Tourism Act of 2009,

resulted in improvements in the country's tourism industry.

2010 Korean was considered as the biggest contributor to the number of tourists in

the Philippines

2012 Following the marketing campaign titled "It's more fun in the Philippines," there

was a significant increase in the growth of tourism in the Philippines.

2013 South Koreans visited the country in total number of 1.17 million. Americans,

Japanese, Chinese, Australians, and Taiwanese were next.

Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Cesar Ritz (The Hotelier of Kings and King of Hoteliers)

Ellsworth Milton Statler (Hotel Man of the Half Century)


Conrad Hilton (The Biggest Hotel Man in the World”

Thomas Cook (The Father of Modern Tourism)


Howard Dearing Johnson (The Pioneer of Restaurant Franchising)

John Willard Marriott (Founder of Marriott Corporation)


Ray Kroc Isadore Sharp (Man for All Seasons)


Ruth Fertel

The history of tourism and hospitality

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