1

HIST60932 : The Fin-de-Siècle

Carl Saltzmann, The First Electric Streetlight in Berlin (1884)

DR. CHRIS MANIAS

Department of History

Room: N2.14 Email: Chris.Manias@manchester.ac.uk

2

Module Outline

Course Description

The fin-de-siècle – taken here to stretch from the 1880s to the First World War – was a disorientating period for contemporaries, and one which has been diversely interpreted by modern academics from a range of disciplinary perspectives (including history, art history, literature and sociology). On the one hand, a spread of new technologies, the growth of mass society, and the extension of connections of global trade and empire seemed to offer the potential for undreamed of development. Yet correspondingly, new fears – threats of the urban environment, the overturning of social and cultural norms, and feelings of deterioration and decline – reached a fever pitch. This ambivalence and tension was reflected in the debates and controversies of the period, as new identities, ways of behaving and cultural productions became key focuses of concern.

This course will use a wide range of sources and methods to investigate how both modern scholars and contemporary observers understood the era and the processes which surrounded it. In particular, we will examine the spread of anxiety and opportunity across a range of areas, including consumer culture, gender, sexuality, health and urban life. Given the international culture of the period, we will be examining developments in a range of countries, including Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Russian Empire, Italy and the United States of America. Aims

To develop a critical understanding of the intellectual theories underpinning debates around degeneration and decadence.

To develop a systematic and analytical understanding of inter-disciplinary approaches (theoretical and methodological) to the fin-de-siècle and to facilitate engagement with the contested nature of knowledge within the field.

Develop students' analytical skills and fluency in the presentation of complex ideas, drawn from a number of disciplinary approaches, both orally and in writing.

Facilitate student access to rich archival resources online, at the University of Manchester and John Rylands (Deansgate) Library and to introduce students to the outstanding library and archive collections held in the City of Manchester, such as the Labour, People's and Suffrage library collections, Chethams Library, and immigrant history resources (e.g. held at the Jewish Museum).

3

Objectives

On completion of this unit successful students will be able to:

Comprehend contemporary theories shaping fears and fantasies about sexuality, civilization, race and medicine in the period 1880-1914.

Understand complex critical debates pertaining to concepts of the fin-de-siècle as a distinct period within the long nineteenth century.

Be able to understand, link and differentiate developments in a range of national and international contexts.

Understand different disciplinary approaches to reading and interpreting written and non-written primary sources.

Undertake critical evaluation of an extensive range of scholarly literature and develop an independent and comparative perspective.

Identify, retrieve and evaluate a variety of primary and secondary written and non-written sources.

Course Timetable Date Topic Work Due 1

31 Jan

Perceptions of the Fin-de-siècle

2 7 Feb Degeneration & Decadence 3 14 Feb Urban Life as Spectacle 4 21 Feb Masculinity in Crisis? 5 28 Feb New Women. Essay Proposal 6 7 Mar Poverty & Urban Degeneration 7 14 Mar Primitivism: The Others of Civilization. 8 21 Mar* Crime and Anarchy Essay Plan

** EASTER BREAK **

9 18 Apr Disease and Morality 10 25 Apr* Socialism and Utopia 11 2 May The Occult 12 9 May* Essay Workshop Essay (14th May)

Contact If you have any difficulties or questions related to anything to do with the course, seminars, readings, and work, please do not hesitate to contact me. I can be reached via email at Chris.Manias@Manchester.ac.uk. My office hours will be 13:00-14:00 on Tuesdays and 11:00-12:00 on Thursdays. I will also be available for appointments with prior arrangement outside of these times.

4

Seminars: Participation and Preparation The course will be taught over two hours of seminar time each week. These will be in 5.211 University Place on Thursdays from 14:00-16:00. If you are unable to attend a seminar, please let me know, ideally well in advance. Preparation for the seminars is compulsory. In advance of each seminar you will be given a preparatory worksheet listing the key primary and secondary readings, and giving instructions for the seminar tasks. Tips for Preparation:

All compulsory readings and course documents will be posted on blackboard, and a selection of further readings will also be available and digitized. But please remember that venturing into the library and building your own reading list is crucial to developing MA-level skills!

If the topic of a particular seminar is totally unfamiliar to you, it is usually best to start with pertinent sections in the “General Reading” section of the handbook before tackling the source and contextual reading. This will give you a wider perspective to hang everything on.

Much of the key contextual and source material consists of extracts from wider works, or chapters in collected volumes. Useful further preparation is to read the whole of the book and other chapters in the edited collection, or looking for other works by the authors.

As we are dealing with a range of countries, using primary documents and secondary literature in translation is perfectly acceptable and there are a wealth of these, both contemporary and modern (although we will be discussing some of the potential drawbacks to this in class). However, students with knowledge of foreign languages will be encouraged to use them.

Assessment The course is assessed via one 6,000 word essay, on a subject of your choice chosen in consultation with me. This will be based on a combination of primary and secondary literature. This will be a substantial piece of work, so in preparation and for advance feedback, you will submit a research proposal in Week 5 and an Essay Plan (with provisional bibliography) in Week 8. This will be due on Tuesday, 14th May at 12:00 noon. It will be marked and returned by Friday 31st May.

5

Course Resources

Reading List General Works on the Period Hobsbawm, Eric, The Age of Empire, 1875-1914 (1987) Mayer, Arno, The Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War (1981) Stone, Norman, Europe Transformed 1878-1919 (1983) Tuchman, Barbara, The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World before the War

(1980) Thematic Works & Collections Ledger, Sally, and McCracken, S. (eds.), Cultural Politics at the Fin de Siècle (1995) Marshall, Gail (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the fin de siècle (2007) Pick, Daniel, Faces of Degeneration. A European Disorder, c. 1848-c. 1918

(Cambridge, 1989) Stokes, John (ed.), Fin de Siècle, Fin de Globe: Fears and Fantasies of the Late

Nineteenth Century (1992) Teich, Mikuláš, and Porter, Roy (eds), Fin de siècle and its Legacy (1990) West, Shearer, Fin de Siècle (1993). Britain Beckson, C., London in the 1890s: A Cultural History (1992) Harris, José, Private lives, public spirit: Britain 1870 – 1914 (1994) Searle, G. R., A New England? Peace and war, 1886-1918 (2004) Wrigley, Chris, A companion to early twentieth-century Britain (2003) France Forth, Christopher E., and Accampo, Elinor, eds., Confronting Modernity in Fin-de-

Siècle France: Bodies, Minds and Gender (2009) Garb, T., Bodies of Modernity: Figure and Flesh in Fin-de-Siècle France (1998) Gildea, Robert, The Third Republic from 1870 to 1914 (1988) Magraw, Roger, France, 1800-1914: A Social History (2002) Nye, R., Crime, Madness, and Politics in Modern France: The Medical Concept of

National Decline (Princeton, NJ 1984) Tombs, Robert, France, 1814-1914 (1996) Weber, Eugen, France: fin de siècle (1986)

Germany Blackbourn, David, Fontana History of Germany, 1780-1918: The Long Nineteenth

Century (1997) Marchand, Suzanne and Lindenfeld, David (eds.), Germany at the fin de siècle:

Culture, Politics, and Ideas (2004) – Not yet in Library; on order!

6

Mommsen, Wolfgang, Imperial Germany, 1867-1918: Politics, Culture and Society in an Authoritarian State (1995)

Retallack, James, Germany in the Age of Kaiser Wilhelm II (1996) Weindling, Paul, Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification

and Nazism, 1870-1945 (1989) The USA Bender, Daniel, American Abyss: Savagery and Civilization in the Age of Industry

(2009) Jackson Lears, T., No Place of Grace: Anti-Modernism and the Transformation of

American Culture (1994) Rodgers, Daniel T., Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (1998) Trachtenberg, Alexander, The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the

Gilded Age (2007) Austria-Hungary Janik, Allan, and Toulmin, Stephen, Wittgenstein’s Vienna (1979) Le Rider, Jacques, Modernity and Crises of Identity: Culture and Society in Fin de

Siècle Vienna (1993) Schorske, C., Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture (1980) Sked, Alan, The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815-1918 (2001). Russia Clowes, Edith W., Kassow, Samuel D., and West, James L., (eds.), Between Tsar

and People: Educated Society and the Quest for Public Identity in Late Imperial Russia (Princeton 1991)

Kelly, Catriona, and Shepherd, David (eds.), Constructing Russian Culture in an Age of Revolution: 1881–1940 (1998)

Matich, Olga, Erotic Utopia: The Decadent Imagination in Russia’s Fin-de- Siècle (2005)

McReynolds, Louise, Russia at Play: Leisure Activities at the End of the Tsarist Era (2003)

Steinberg, Mark, Petersburg: Fin de Siecle (2011) Thatcher, Ian, Late Imperial Russia: Problems and Prospects (2005) Major Source Collections Fortescue, William (ed.), The Third Republic in France, 1870-1940: Conflicts and

Continuities (2000) German History in Documents and Images: Wilhelmine Germany and the First

World War (1890-1918): http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/section.cfm?section_id=11

Ledger, Sally, and Luckhurst, Roger (eds.), The fin de siècle: A Reader in Cultural History, c. 1880-1900 (2000)

Link, William and Link, Susannah (eds), The Gilded Age and Progressive Era: A Documentary Reader (2012)

McElligott, Anthony (ed.), The German Urban Experience, 1900-1945: Modernity and Crisis (2001)

Read, Donald (ed.), Documents from Edwardian England, 1901-1915 (1973)

7

Segel, Harold B, Turn-of-the-century cabaret: Paris, Barcelona, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Cracow, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Zürich (1987)

von Geldern, James and McReynolds, Louise (eds.), Entertaining Tsarist Russia: Tales, Songs, Plays, Movies, Jokes, Ads, and Images from Russian Urban Life, 1779-1917 (1998)

Waelti-Walters, Jennifer, and Hause, Steven (eds.), Feminisms of the Belle Époque: A Historical and Literary Anthology (1994)

SEMINAR LIST

1) Perceptions of the Fin-de-siècle Sources To be distributed in class. Key Context Readings None (may be useful to check out some of the general reading, however).

2) Degeneration & Decadence Sources Extracts from Max Nordau, Degeneration (1895). Key Context Readings Aschheim, Steven E., ‘Max Nordau, Friedrich Nietzsche and Degeneration,’ Journal

of Contemporary History 28, 4 (1993), pp. 643-657. Baldwin, P. M., ‘Liberalism, Nationalism, and Degeneration: The Case of Max

Nordau,’ in Central European History 13, 2 (1980), pp. 99-120. Dellamora, Richard, ‘Productive Decadence: "The Queer Comradeship of Outlawed

Thought": Vernon Lee, Max Nordau, and Oscar Wilde,’ New Literary History 35, 4, Forms and/of Decadence (2004), pp. 529-546.

Jackson Lears, T., ‘Roots of Antimodernism: The Crisis of Cultural Authority during the later nineteenth century,’ No Place of Grace: Anti-Modernism and the Transformation of American Culture (1994), 3-58.

Laarse, Robert van der, ‘Masking the Other: Max Nordau's Representation of Hidden Jewishness,’ in Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques 25, 1 (1999), pp. 1-31.

8

Malik, Linda, ‘Nordau's Degeneration: The American Controversy,’ Journal of the History of Ideas 50, 4 (1989), pp. 607-623.

Mayer, Arno, ‘Official High Cultures and the Avant-Gardes,’ The Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War (1981), 189-274.

Mosse, George L., ‘Max Nordau, Liberalism and the New Jew,’ in Journal of Contemporary History 27, 4 (1992), pp. 565-581

Söder, Hans-Peter, ‘Disease and Health as Contexts of Modernity: Max Nordau as a Critic of Fin-de-Siècle Modernism,’ German Studies Review 14, 3 (1991), pp. 473-487.

Weber, Eugen, ‘Decadence?,’ France: fin de siècle (1986), 9-27. West, Shearer, ‘Degeneration,’ Fin de Siècle (1993), 16-32.

3) Urban Life as Spectacle Berlin SOURCE: ‘The City without Night: Berlin ‘twixt Dusk and Dawn,’ in The Pall

Mall Gazette 251, 53 (March 1914), 276-291. Breckman, Warren, ‘Disciplining Consumption: The Debate About Luxury in

Wilhelmine Germany, 1890-1914,’ Journal of Social History, 24, 3 (1991), 485-505.

* Fritzsche, Peter, ‘The City as Spectacle,’ Reading Berlin, 1900 (1998), 127-169. Fritzsche, Peter, ‘Vagabond in the Fugitive City: Hans Ostwald, Imperial Berlin and

the Grossstadt-Dokumente,’ Journal of Contemporary History 29, 3 (1994), 385-402.

* Hamlin, David, ‘Romanticism, Spectacle, and a Critique of Wilhelmine Consumer Capitalism,’ Central European History 38, 2 (2005), 250-268.

Houchin, John, The Berlin Cabaret, 1901-1935 (1985) * Jelavich, Peter, ‘Cabaret as Metropolitan Montage,’ Berlin Cabaret (1993), 10-35. Paris SOURCE: ‘Le Boul’ Mich’’ in W. C. Morrow, Bohemian Paris of To-Day (1900), 110-146. Benjamin, W., ‘Fourier and the Arcades’ in Paris, Capital of the 19th Century (1973) Clark, T.J., ‘A Bar at the Folies-Bergère,’ The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the

Art of Manet and His Followers (1999), 205-258. Proctor, R., ‘A cubist history: the department store in late-nineteenth century Paris’,

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 13 (2003) pp. 227-35. Rearick, Charles, Pleasures of the belle époque: entertainment & festivity in turn of

the century France (New York, 1985) * Schwartz, Vanessa, ‘Setting the Stage: The Boulevard, the Press and the Framing

of Everyday Life,’ Spectacular realities: Early mass culture in fin-de-siècle Paris (1998), 13-44.

9

Seigel, Jerrold E, ‘Publicity and Fantasy: The World of the Cabarets,’ Bohemian Paris: Culture, politics and the boundaries of bourgeois life, 1830-1930 (1990), 215-241.

* Shaya, Gregory, ‘The Flaneur, the Badaud, and the Making of a Mass Public in France, circa 1860-1910,’ The American Historical Review 109, 1 (2004), pp. 41-77.

* Williams, Rosalind, ‘The Dream World of Mass Consumption,’ Dream worlds: mass consumption in late nineteenth-century France (1982), 59-106

General Readings Benjamin, W., ‘The work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’ in W.

Benjamin Illuminations (1970) Crary, Jonathan, Suspensions of Perception: Attention, Spectacle and Modern

Culture (2001) Crossick, G. and Jaumain, S., Cathedrals of consumption: The European

department store, 1850-1939 (1999) Finn, M., ‘Sex and the City: Metropolitan Modernities in English History,’ Victorian

Studies 44 (2001), 25-32 Gold, J. & Gold, M., Cities and culture: tourism, promotion and consumption of

spectacle in western cities since 1800 (2003) Janik, Allan, and Toulmin, Stephen, ‘Habsburg Vienna, City of Paradoxes,’

Wittgenstein’s Vienna (1979), 33-66. Lancaster, B., The department store: A social history (1995) Macdonald, G., ‘The mind in a department store: reconfiguring space in the gilded

age’, Modern Language Quarterly 63 (2002) Moss, S.B., ‘The flaneur, the sandwichman and the whore: the politics of loitering’,

New German Critique 13 (1986) Nead, L., ‘Speaking to the Eye,’ Victorian Babylon (2000), 57-62 Rappaport, E., ‘A New Era of Shopping,’ Shopping for Pleasure: Women in the

Making of London’s West End (2000), 142-77 Rappaport, E., ‘The halls of temptation: gender, politics and the construction of the

department store in late Victorian London’, Journal of British Studies 35 (1996), 58-83

Schneer, Jonathan, ‘Popular Culture in the Imperial Metropolis,’ London 1900: The Imperial Metropolis (2001), 93-118

Schorske, C., ‘The Ringstrasse, Its Critics, and the Birth of Urban Modernism,’ Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture (1980), 24-116

Shaw, G. and Coles, T., ‘The department store in European society, 1850-1939: business, consumption, towns and representations’, Urban History 23 (1996)

Steinberg, Mark, ‘City,’ Petersburg: Fin de Siecle (2011), 10-46 Taithe, B. et al., Benjamin’s Arcades: An unguided tour (2005) Walkowitz, J., ‘Going public: shopping, street harassment, and streetwalking in late

Victorian London’, Representations 62 (1998), 1-30 Wilson, E., ‘The Invisible Flaneur’ in E. Wilson (ed.),The Contradictions of Culture:

Cities, Culture, Women (2001).

10

4) Masculinity in Crisis? Key General Context Mosse, George, ‘Nationalism and Respectability: Normal and Abnormal Sexuality in

the Nineteenth Century,’ Journal of Contemporary History, 17, 2 (1982), 221-46.

Tosh, Johnn, ‘What Should Historians Do with Masculinity? Reflections on Nineteenth-Century Britain,’ History Workshop Journal 38 (1994), pp. 179-202.

Secondary Reading - Masculinity Ann Taylor Allen, ‘Patriarchy and its Discontents: The Debate on the Origins of the

Family in the German-speaking World, 1860-1930,’ in Marchand, Suzanne and Lindenfeld, David (eds.), Germany at the fin de siècle: Culture, Politics, and Ideas (2004), 81-101

Datta, Venita, Heroes and Legends of Fin-de-Siecle France: Gender, Politics and National Identity (2011)

Dellamore, Richard, Masculine Desire: The sexual politics of Victorian Aestheticsm (1990)

Dudink, Stefan, Hagemann, Karen and Tosh, John, ‘Masculinity in Politics and War in the Age of Nation-States and World Wars, 1850-1950,’ Masculinities in politics and war: gendering modern history (2004), 22-40.

Forth, Christopher, ‘Introduction: The Body Politics of the Dreyfus Affair,’ The Dreyfus Affair and the Crisis of French Manhood (2006), 1-16

Francis, M., ‘The Domestication of the Male? Recent Research on Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century British Masculinity’, Historical Journal 45 (2002), pp. 637-52.

Garb, T., ‘Honor and the Duel in the Third Republic,’ Bodies of modernity: figure and flesh in fin-de-Siècle France (1998), 172-215.

Hurkley, K., The Gothic body: sexuality, materialism, and degeneration at the fin-de-siècle (1996)

Karen Offen, ‘Is the “Woman Question” Really the “Man Problem”?,’ Forth, Christopher E., and Accampo, Elinor, eds., Confronting Modernity in Fin-de-Siècle France: Bodies, Minds and Gender (2009), 43-62

Kessel, Martina, ‘The “Whole Man”: The Longing for a Masculine World in Nineteenth-Century Germany’ Gender & History 15, 1 ( 2003), 1-31

Levsen, Sonja, ‘Constructing Elite Identities: University Students, Military Masculinity and the Consequences of the Great War in Britain and Germany’ Past and Present 198 (2008), pp. 147-183.

Mosse, George L, ‘Masculinity in Crisis: The Decadence,’ The image of man: the creation of modern masculinity (1996), 77-106.

Nye, Robert, ‘Male Sexual Identity and the “Perversions” of the Fin-de-siecle,’ Masculinity and male codes of honor in modern France (1998), 98-147

Richard A. Kaye, ‘Sexual Identity at the fin de siecle,’ Marshall, Gail (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the fin de siècle (2007), 53-72

Roper, Michael and Tosh, John, Manful Assertions: Masculinities in Britain Since 1800 (1991).

11

Sinha, Mrinalini, ‘Introduction,’ Colonial Masculinity: The ‘Manly Englishman’ and the ‘Effeminate Bengali’ in the Late Nineteenth Century (1995), 1-32.

Smith, Andrew, ‘Degeneration, Masculinity, Nationhood and the Gothic,’ Victorian Demons: Medicine, Masculinity, and the Gothic at the fin-de-siecle (2004), 14-44.

Tosh, John, ‘Manliness, Masculinities and the New Imperialism,’ Manliness and masculinities in nineteenth-century Britain: essays on gender, family and empire (2004), 192-214.

Secondary Reading - Sexology Bland, L. and Doan, L. (eds), Sexology in Culture (1998). Bland, Lucy, and Doan, Laura (eds.), Sexology in culture: Labelling Bodies and

Desires (1998). Hall, Lesley, ‘Disinterested enthusiasm for sexual misconduct: The British society

for the study of Sex psychology, 1913-1947’, Journal of Contemporary History, 30 (1995), 665-86.

Hall, Lesley, ‘Heroes or villains? Reconsidering British fin de siecle sexology and its impact’ in Segal, Lynne (ed.), New Sexual Agendas (1997), 3-16.

King, M., and Bartlett, A., ‘British psychiatry and homosexuality’, Journal of Psychiatry 175 (1999), 106-113.

Oosterhuis, Harry, Stepchildren of Nature: Krafft-Ebing, Psychiatry and the Making of Sexual Identity (2000).

Secondary Reading - Homosexuality Brady, S., Masculinity and Male Homosexuality in Britain, 1861-1913 (2005), 25-

49. Bruns, Claudia, ‘The Politics of Masculinity in the (Homo-)Sexual Discourse (1880

to 1920),’ German History 23, 3, (2005), 306-20 Choquette, L., ‘Degenerate or degendered?: Images of Prostitution and

Homosexuality in the Third Republic’ Historical Reflections/Réflexions historiques 23 (1997) 205-28

Cocks, H., Nameless offences: homosexual desire in the 19th century (2003) Cook, M., London and the Culture of Homosexuality, 1885-1914 (2003) Crozier, Ivan, ‘Taking Prisoners: Havelock Ellis, Sigmund Freud, and the

Construction of Homosexuality, 1897-1951’, Social History of Medicine 13, 3 (2000), pp. 447-466.

Fout, John, ‘Sexual Politics in Wilhelmine Germany: The Male Gender Crisis, Moral Purity, and Homophobia,’ Journal of the History of Sexuality 2, 3 (1992), 388-421

Hull, Isabel, ‘Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Liebenberg Circle,’ John Röhl and Nicolaus Sombart, ed., Kaiser Wilhelm II: New Interpretations (2005), 193-220

Lees, Andrew, ‘Deviant Sexuality and Other “Sins:” The Views of Protestant Conservatives in Imperial Germany,’ German Studies Review 23, 3 (2000), 453-476.

Mangan, J. A., and Walvin, James (eds.), Manliness and morality: middle-class masculinity in Britain and America, 1800-1940 (Manchester, 1987)

McLaren, Angus, The Trials of Masculinity: Policing Sexual Boundaries, 1870-1930 (1997)

12

Merrick, J., and Ragan, B., (eds) Homosexuality in Modern France (2001). Mort, Frank, Dangerous Sexualities: Medico-moral politics in Britain since 1830

(2000). Peniston, William, and Erber, Nancy, (eds), Queer Lives: Men's Autobiographies

from Nineteenth-Century France (2008) Röhl, John, ‘The Kaiser’s Best Friend,’ in The Kaiser and his court: Wilhelm II and

the government of Germany (1996), 21-69: http://eml.manchester.ac.uk/lib/HIST60932/HIST60932_19635.pdf

Sengoopta, Chandak, ‘Glandular Politics: Experimental Biology, Clinical Medicine, and Homosexual Emancipation in Fin-de-siècle Central Europe,’ Isis, 89 (1998), 445-473.

Somerville, Siobhan, ‘Scientific Racism and the Emergence of the Homosexual Body,’ Journal of the History of Sexuality, 5 (1994), 243-66

Steakley, James, ‘Iconography of a Scandal: Political Cartoons and the Eulenburg Affair,’ Studies in Visual Communication 9, 2 (1983), 20-51

Weeks, Jeffrey, ‘Sins and diseases: some notes on homosexuality in nineteenth century’, History workshop 1 (1976), 211-219.

5) New Women The New Woman SOURCES: Grant Allen, The Woman who Did (1895) Ardis, Ann, New Women, New Novels: Feminism and Early Modernism (1990) Bender, Daniel, ‘Cave Girls and Working Women: The White Man’s World of Race

Suicide,’ in American Abyss: Savagery and Civilization in the Age of Industry (2009), 99-131

Bland, Lucy, ‘The married woman, the “New Woman” and the feminist: sexual politics of the 1890s’ in Jane Rendall (ed.), Equal or different : women's politics 1800-1914 (1987), 141-64.

Brandon, R., The new women and the old men: love, sex and the woman question (1990)

Clarke, M., ‘New woman on grub street: art in the city’ in J. Spiers (ed.), Gissing and the city: cultural crisis and the making of books in late Victorian England (2006) ELECTRONIC

Cunnigham, A., ‘The “New Woman Fiction” of the 1890’s’, Victorian Studies, 17 (1973), 177-86.

Cunningham, A., The New Woman and the Victorian Novel (1978) Delap, Lucy, ‘Transatlantic Interchanges and Rival Storm Centres,’ The Feminist

Avant-Garde: Transatlantic Encounters of the Early Twentieth Century (2009), 66-101.

Dowling, L., ‘The Decadent and the New Woman in the 1890s’, Nineteenth Century Fiction, 33:4, (1979), 434-53.

13

Engelstein, L., The keys to happiness: Sex and the search for modernity in fin-de-siècle Russia (1992). - ELECTRONIC

Gardiner, Juliet (ed.) The New Woman: Women’s Voices 1880-1918 (1993) Hartman, Kabi, '"What made me a suffragette": the New Woman and the new (?)

conversion narrative', Women's History Review, 12 (2003), 35-50. Heilmann, Ann (ed.), Feminist forerunners: new womanism and feminism in the

early twentieth century (2003) Holmes, Diana, and Tarr, Carrie, ‘New Republic, New Women? Feminism and

Modernity at the Belle Epoque,’ Holmes, Diana and Tarr, Carrie, A "Belle Epoque"? Women in French Society and Culture, 1890-1914 (2006) , 11-22 (the other essays in this collection are also well worth checking out).

Kelly, Katherine E, 'Seeing Through Spectacles: The Woman Suffrage Movement and London Newspapers, 1906–13', European Journal of Women's Studies 11 (2004), 327-53

Killen, Andreas, ‘From Shock to Schreck: Psychiatrists, Telephone Operators and Traumatic Neurosis in Germany, 1900-1926,’ Journal of Contemporary History 38, 2 (2003) 201-20

Ledger, Sally, ‘The New Woman and the Crisis of Victorianism,’ Ledger, Sally, and McCracken, S. (eds), Cultural Politics at the Fin de Siècle (1995), 22-44

Ledger, Sally, ‘Who Was the New Woman?,’ The New woman: Fiction and feminism at the Fin de Siècle (1997), 177-198

Marks, Patricia Bicycles, Bangs and Bloomers: The New Woman in the Popular Press (1990)

Miller, Jane Eldridge, Rebel Women: Feminism, Modernism and the Edwardian Novel (1994)

Pykett, Lyn, The Improper Feminine: The Women’ Sensation Novel and the New Woman (1994)

Rappaport, E., ‘New visions of class and gender in the Victorian and Edwardian Metropolis’, Journal of British Studies 38:3 (1999), 392-98

Richardson, Angelique, and Willis, Chris, (eds.), The New Woman in Fact and Fiction (2001)

Roberts, Mary Louise, ‘The New Woman,’ Disruptive Acts: The New Woman in fin-de-siecle France (2002), 19-48: NOT YET IN LIBRARY, ON ORDER

Scanlon, Jennifer. Inarticulate Longings: The Ladies' Home Journal, Gender, and the Promises of Consumer Culture (1995)

Shetz, M. ‘The New woman and the British periodical press of the 1890s’, Journal of Victorian Culture 6 (2001), 272-85

Showalter, Elaine, ‘New Women,’ Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Siècle (1992), 38-58.

Tilburg, Patricia, Colette's Republic: Work, Gender, and Popular Culture in France, 1870-1914 (2009) - ELECTRONIC

Webb, A., ‘Constructing the Gendered Body: Girls, Health, Beauty, Advice, and the Girls’ Best Friend, 1898–99’, Women’s History Review (2006), 253-75.

The Mother SOURCE: Melendy, Mary, Perfect Womanhood for Maidens-Wives-Mothers (1903)

14

Accampo, Elinor, ‘The Gendered Nature of Contraception in France: Neo-

Malthusianism, 1900-1920,’ The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, 2 (2003), 235-262

Adams, Christine, Poverty, Charity, and Motherhood: Maternal Societies in Nineteenth-Century France (2010)

Allen, Ann Taylor, Feminism and Motherhood in Germany, 1800-1914 (1991) – ELECTRONIC VIA LIBRARY CATALOGUE

Davin, Anna, ‘Imperialism and Motherhood’ History Workshop Journal (1978) 5(1): 9-66

Hall, L., 'Hauling Down the Double Standard: Feminism, Social Purity and Sexual Science in Late Nineteenth-Century Britain', Gender & History 16 (2004), 36-56

Koven, Seth, and Michel, Sonya, ‘Womanly Duties: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States, 1880-1920,’ The American Historical Review 95, 4 (1990), 1076-1108

Liggins, Emma, ‘“With a Dead Child in her Lap:” Bad Mothers and Infant Mortality in George Egerton's Discords,’ Literature and History 9, 2 (2000). 17-37

Mesch, R, ‘Housewife or Harlot? Sex and the Married Woman in Nineteenth-Century France,’ Journal of the History of Sexuality 18:1 (2009) 65-83

Offen, Karen, ‘Depopulation, Nationalism, and Feminism in Fin-de-Siecle France,’ American Historical Review 89, 3 (1984), 648-676

Richardson, Angelique, ‘Women and Nature,’ Love and eugenics in the late nineteenth century: rational reproduction and the new woman (2003), 33-57.

The Prostitute SOURCE: TBC. Allen, Ann Taylor, ‘Feminism, Venereal Diseases, and the State in Germany, 1890-

1918,’ Journal of the History of Sexuality 4, 1 (1993), 27-50 Choquette, L., ‘Degenerate or degendered?: Images of Prostitution and

Homosexuality in the Third Republic’ Historical Reflections/ Réflexions historiques 23 (1997) 205-28

Clement, Elizabeth, ‘The Treat: Transforming Sexual Values at the Turn of the Century,’ Love for Sale: Courting, Treating and Prostitution in New York City, 1900-1945 (2006), 45-75.

Connelly, Mark, ‘Prostitution and the Problem of Women in Industrial America,’ The Response to Prostitution in the Progressive Era (1980), 28-47.

Corbin, Alain, Women for Hire: Prostitution and Sexuality in France after 1850 (1990)

Evans, Richard, ‘Prostitution, State, and Society in Imperial Germany,’ Past & Present 70 (1976), 106-129

Kerstin Wolff, ‘“Herrenmoral: Anna Pappritz and Abolitionism in Germany,” Women’s History Review 17 (2008): 225-237.

Laite, Julia, ‘Selling Sex: Women, Work and Prostitution,’ Common Prostitutes and Ordinary Citizens: Commercial Sex in London, 1885-1960 (2012), 24-42.

15

Lynn Abrams, “Prostitutes in Imperial Germany, 1870-1918: Working Girls or Social Outcasts?” in Evans, Richard (ed.) The German Underworld: Deviants and Outcasts in German History (1988), 189-209

Machiels, Christine, Dealing with the Issue of Prostitution: Mobilizing Feminisms in France, Switzerland and Belgium (1875-1920), Women’s History Review 17 (2008): 195-205

The Hysteric SOURCE: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper (1892). Briggs, Laura. "The Race of Hysteria: 'Overcivilization' and the 'Savage' Woman in

Late Nineteenth-Century Obstetrics and Gynecology," American Quarterly 52 (2000). PP

Didi-Huberman, Georges, Invention of Hysteria: Charcot and the Photographic Iconography of the Salpêtrière (2004): Not yet in library – on order!

Lunbeck, Elizabeth, ‘“A New Generation of Women:” Progressive Psychiatrists and the Hypersexual Female,’ Feminist Studies 13, 3 (1987), 513-543

Marland, Hilary, Dangerous Motherhood: Insanity and Childbirth in Victorian Britain (2004).

Mesch, Rachel, ‘Introduction,’ The Hysteric's Revenge: French Women Writers at the Fin de Siecle (2006), 1-24.

Micale, Mark, ‘Charcot and the idea of hysteria in the male: gender, mental science, and medical diagnosis in late nineteenth century France’, in Medical History 34, (1990), 363-411.

Micale, Mark, Approaching Hysteria: Disease and its Interpretations. (1995). Scull, Andrew, ‘Psychiatry and social control in the nineteenth and twentieth

centuries’ History of Psychiatry, 2 (1991), 149-169. Scull, Andrew, The Most Solitary of Afflictions: Madness and Society in Britain

1700-1900 (2005) Showalter, Elaine, ‘Hysteria, Feminism, and Gender,’ Gilman, Sander, King, Helen,

Porter, Roy, Rousseau, G.S., and Showalter, Elaine, Hysteria Beyond Freud (1993), 286-344.

Showalter, Elaine, Hystories: Hysterical Epidemics and Modern Culture (1997) Showalter, Elaine, The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture,

1830-1980 (1985).

6) Poverty and Urban Degeneration Sources Charles Booth, Inquiry into Life and Labour in London (1886) – extracts. Key Context Readings Lees, Andrew, ‘Awareness of Urban Poverty,’ in Cities Perceived: Urban Society in

European and American Thought (1985), 106-135.

16

O’Day, Rosemary and Englander, Dand, ‘Making the Dry Bones Live,’ in Mr. Charles Booth's Inquiry: Life and Labour of the People in London Reconsidered (1993), 43-53.

Reading List Beer, Daniel, ‘“Microbes of the Mind”: Moral Contagion in Late Imperial Russia,’

The Journal of Modern History 79, 3 (2007), 531-571 Boyer, Paul, ‘The Two Faces of Urban Moral Reform in the 1890s’ in Urban Masses

and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920 (1992), 175-190. Desrosières, Alain, ‘Correlation and the Realism of Causes,’ The politics of large

numbers: a history of statistical reasoning (2002), 103-146. Bradley, Joseph, ‘Welfare: Relief and Repressiom,’ Muzhik and Muscovite:

Urbanization in Late Imperial Russia (1985), 249-298 O'Connor, Alice, ‘Origins: Poverty and Social Sciences in the Era of Progressive

Reform,’ in Poverty Knowledge: Social Science, Social Policy and the Poor in twentieth century US History (2002), 25-54. - ELECTRONIC

Dyos, H.J. and Wolff, M., The Victorian City: Images and Realities (1999) Evans, Richard J, Death in Hamburg: Society and politics in the cholera years,

1830-1910 (1987) Faure, Alain, ‘Local Life in Working-Class Paris at the end of the Nineteenth

Century,’ Journal of Urban History 32, 5 (2006), 761-772 Forth, Christopher,, ‘Intellectual Anarchy and Imaginary Otherness: Gender, Class,

and Pathology in French Intellectual Discourse, 1890-1900,’ The Sociological Quarterly 37, 4 (1996), 645-671

Gandal, Keith, ‘Riis and Charity Writing’ in The Virtues of the Vicious: Jacob Riis, Stephen Crane, and the Spctacle of the Slum (1997), 27-38.

Jones, Gareth Stedman, ‘From “Demoralization” to “Degeneration:” The Threat of Outcast London,’ Outcast London: a study in the relationship between classes in Victorian society (1971), 281-313.

Jones, Greta, ‘The Task of Social Hygiene’ in Social hygiene in twentieth century Britain (1986), 25-42.

Keating, Peter (ed.), Into Unknown England, 1866-1913: selections from the social explorers (1976)

Koven, S., ‘Slumming: Eros and Altruism in Victorian London,’ Slumming: sexual and social politics in Victorian London (2004), 1-22 - ELECTRONIC

Ledger, S., ‘In Darkest England: The terror of degeneration in Fin-de-Siècle Britain’, Literature and History, 4:2 (1995), 71-86

Lees, Andrew, ‘Critics of Urban Society in Germany, 1854-1914,’ Journal of the History of Ideas 40, 1 (1979), 61-83

Lees, Andrew, Cities, Sin and Social Reform in Germany (2002) Lindenmeyr, Adele, Poverty is Not A Vice: Charity, Society and the State in

Imperial Russia (1996) Porter, Dorothy, ‘“Enemies of the Race:” Biologism, Environmentalism, and Public

Health in Edwardian England,’ Victorian Studies 34, 2 (1991), 159-178 Ross, Ellen, ‘"Fierce Questions and Taunts": Married Life in Working-Class London,

1870-1914,’ Feminist Studies 8, 3 (1982), 575-602. Soloway, Richard, ‘Counting the Degenerates: The Statistics of Race Deterioration

in Edwardian England,’ Journal of Contemporary History 17, 1 (1982), 137-164

17

7) Primitivism: The Others of Civilization

Sources Gauguin, Paul, Noa Noa: Voyage to Tahiti (1901) Ratzel, Friedrich, The History of Mankind (1896) Sollas, W. Johnson, Ancient hunters and their modern representatives (1911) Rider Haggard, Henry, She: A History of Adventure (1886) Wells, H. G., A Story of the Stone Age (1897). Further Reading Baker, Lee, ‘Fabricating the Authentic and the Politics of the Real,’ Anthropology

and the Racial Politics of Culture (2010), 66-116. Bederman, Gail, Manliness & Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race

in the United States, 1880-1917 (1995) Buschmann, Rainer F., ‘Restructuring Ethnology and Imperialism,’ Anthropology's

Global Histories: The Ethnographic Frontier in German New Guinea, 1870-1935 (2008), pp. 71-96.

Chapman, William Ryan, ‘Arranging ethnology: A. H. L. F. Pitt Rivers and the typological tradition,’ George W. Stocking, Jr., (ed.), Objects and Others : Essays on Museums and Material Culture (1985), pp. 15-48.

Conklin, Alice, ‘Civil Society, Science, and Empire in Late Republican France: The Foundation of Paris’s Museum of Man,’ Osiris 2, 17, (2002), pp. 255-290.

Coombes, Annie E., ‘Temples of Empire: The Museum and Its publics,’ Reinventing Africa: Museums, Material Culture and Popular Imagination in Late Victorian and Edwardian England (1994), 109-128.

Flam, Jack (ed.), Primitivism and twentieth-century art: a documentary history (2003)

Glick, Thomas F., ‘The Anthropology of Race across the Darwinian Revolution,’ in Kuklick, Henrika, (ed.), A New History of Anthropology (2007), pp. 225-241.

Kuklick, Henrika, ‘Through the Looking Glass,’ The Savage Within: The Social History of British Anthropology, 1885-1945 (1991), 1-26.

Liss, Julie, ‘Diasporic Identities: The Science and Politics of Race in the Work of Franz Boas and W.E.B. DuBois, 1894-1919,’ Cultural Anthropology 13, 2 (1998), pp. 127-166.

McClintock, Anne, ‘The Lay of the Land: Genealogies of Imperialism’ in Imperial leather: race, gender and sexuality in the colonial contest (1995), 21-74. - ELECTRONIC

Hale, Dana S., ‘French Images of Race on Product Trademarks in the Third Republic,’ in Peabody, Sue, and Stovall, Tyler (eds.), The color of liberty: histories of race in France (2003), 131-146

Short, John, ‘Everyman’s Colonial Library: Imperialism and Working-Class Readers in Leipzig, 1890–1914,’ German History 21, 4 (2003), 445-475

Smith, Woodruff, ‘The Social and Political Origins of German Diffusionist Ethnology,’ Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 1(1978), 103-112.

Smith, Woodruff, Politics and the sciences of culture in Germany, 1840-1920 (1991) Massin, B. (1996) ‘From Virchow to Fischer: Physical Anthropology and Modern

“Race Theories” in Stocking, George W., (ed.), Volksgeist as Method and Ethic:

18

Essays on Boasian Ethnography and the German Anthropological Tradition (1996), 79-154.

Stocking, George W., Victorian anthropology (1987) Thompson, Matthew, ‘Savage Civilisation: Race, Culture and Mind in Britain, 1898-

1939,’ in Waltraud Ernst and Bernard Harris (eds.), Race, Science and Medicine, 1700-1960 (1999), 235-258.

Zimmerman, Andrew, ‘Exotic Spectacles and the Global Context of German Anthropology,’ Anthropology and antihumanism in Imperial Germany (2001), 15-37.

Ciarlo, David, ‘Impressions of Others: Allegorical Cliches, Panoptic Arrays and Popular Savagery,’ in Advertising Empire : Race and Visual Culture in Imperial Germany (2011), pp. 65-107.

MacKenzie, John M., Propaganda and Empire: The Manipulation of British Public Opinion, 1880-1960 (1984).

Driver, Felix, ‘Geographical Knowledge, Exploration and Empire,’ Geography Militant: Cultures of Exploration and Empire (2001), pp. 1-23.

Bennett, Tony, ‘Dead Circuses: Expertise, Exhibition, Governemnt,’ in Pasts Beyond Memory: Evolution Museums Colonialism (2004), pp. 12-35.

Green, Jeffrey P., A Revelation in Strange Humanity: Six Congo Pygmies in Britain, 1905-1907 in Bernth Lindfors (ed.), Africans on Stage: Studies in Ethnological Show Business (1999), pp. 156-187.

Griffiths, Alison, ‘Science and Spectacle:Visualizing the Other at the World's Fair,’ Wondrous Difference: Cinema, Anthropology, & Turn-Of-The-Century Visual Culture (2002), pp. 46-85.

8) Crime and Anarchy Sources Lombroso, Cesare, edited by Lombroso Ferrero, Gina, Criminal Man: According to

the Classification of Cesare Lombroso (1911); Key Context Readings Pick, Daniel, ‘Lombroso’s Criminal Science,’ in Faces of Degeneration. A European

Disorder, c. 1848-c. 1918 (Cambridge, 1989), 109-153. Reading List Beirne, Piers, ‘Between God and Statistics: Gabriel Tarde and Neoclassical

Criminology,’ Inventing criminology: essays on the rise of homo criminalis (1993), 143-189; not yet in library – on order!

Brown, A., English society and the prison: time, culture and politics in the development of the modern prison (2003).

Cole, Simon, ‘Measuring the Criminal Body,’ Suspect identities: a history of fingerprinting and criminal identification (2002), 32-59

19

Cragin, Thomas, ‘Criminality from Evil,’ Murder in Parisian Streets: Manufacturing Crime and Justice in the Popular Press, 1830-1900 (2006), 145-168; not yet in library – on order!

Eigen, Joel, Unconscious Crime: Mental Absence and Criminal Responsibility in Victorian London (2003)

Erickson, Edward, ‘Punishing the mad bomber: questions of moral responsibility in the trials of French anarchist terrorists, 1886-1897,’ French History 22, 1 (2008), 51-73

Evans, Richard, Tales from the German underworld: crime and punishment in the nineteenth century (London, 1998)

Evans, Richard, The German underworld: deviants and outcasts in German history (1988).

Finn, Jonathan, ‘Picturing the Criminal: Photography and Criminality in the Nineteenth Century,’ Capturing the criminal image: From mug shot to surveillance society (2009), 1-30.

Garland, Allen, ‘The biological basis of crime: An historical and methodological study,’ Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 31, 2 (2001), 183-222

Gibson, Mary, ‘Criminal Man,’ Born to crime: Cesare Lombroso and the origins of biological criminology (Westport, CT, 2002), 9-52.

Gillis, A. R., ‘Crime and State Surveillance in Nineteenth-Century France,’ The American Journal of Sociology, 95, 2 (1989), 307-341

Harris, Ruth, Murders and Madness: Medicine, Law, and Society in the fin de siècle (1989).

Horn, David, ‘The Savage and the Modern,’ The criminal body: Lombroso and the anatomy of deviance (2003), 29-58: Not yet in library – on order.

Johnson, Eric, ‘Cities Don't Cause Crime: Urban-Rural Differences in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century German Criminality,’ Social Science History 16, 1 (1992), 129-176

Kalifa, D, ‘Crime Scenes: Criminal Topography and Social Imaginary in Nineteenth Century Paris,’ French Historical Studies 27 (2004), 175-94

Liggins, E., ‘The evil days of the female murderer: subverted marriage plots and the audience of scandal in the sensation novel’, Journal of Victorian Culture 2 (1997)

McLaren, A., A prescription for Murder: the Victorian serial killings of Dr. Thomas Neil Cream (1995)

Nye, Robert, ‘Heredity or Milieu: The Born Criminal Debate and the Foundations of Criminology,’ Crime, Madness, and Politics in Modern France: The Medical Concept of National Decline (1984), 97-131.

O’Brien, Patricia, ‘Crime and Punishment as Historical Problem,’ Journal of Social History 11, 4 (1978), 508-520

Sindall, R., Street violence in the 19th century. Media panic or real danger? (1990) Smith, Roger, Trial by medicine: insanity and responsibility in Victorian trials

(1981) Stewart-Steinberg, Suzanne, ‘In a Dark Continent: Cesare Lombroso’s Other Italy,’

The Pinocchio Effect: On Making Italians, 1860-1920 (2007), 229-288; not yet in library – on order!

20

Wetzell, Richard F, ‘From Criminal Anthropology to Criminal Psychiatry, 1880-1914’ Inventing the criminal: a history of German criminology, 1880-1945 (2000), 39-72; not yet in library – on order!

Wiener, Martin J, ‘A Changing Human Image,’ Reconstructing the criminal: culture, law and policy in England, 1830-1914 (1990), 159-184.

9) Disease & Morality Key Reading Nye, Robert, ‘The evolution of the concept of medicalization in the late twentieth

century’ in Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 39, 2 (2003), 115–129

Syphillis Adler, M. W., ‘The Terrible Peril: A Historical Perspective On The Venereal

Diseases,’ The British Medical Journal 281, 6234 (1980), 206-211 Brandt, Allan, No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United

States since 1880 (1987) Cox, Pamela, ‘Compulsion, Voluntarism, and Venereal Disease: Governing Sexual

Health in England after the Contagious Diseases Acts,’ Journal of British Studies 46, 1 (2007), 91-115

Darby, Robert, ‘“Where Doctors Differ:” The Debate on Circumcision as a Protection against Syphilis, 1855–1914,’ Social History of Medicine 16 (2003), 57-78.

Davidson, Roger, and Hall, Lesley, Sex, Sin and Suffering: Venereal Disease and European Society Since 1870 (2004)

Davis, Gayle, ‘The Cruel Madness of Love’: Sex, Syphilis and Psychiatry in Scotland, 1880-1930 (2008)

Evans, D., ‘Tackling the ‘Hideous Scourge’: The creation of the Venereal Disease Treatment Centres in early c20th Britain,’ Social History of Medicine 5 (1992), 413-33

Harsin, Jill, ‘Syphilis, Wives, and Physicians: Medical Ethics and the Family in Late Nineteenth-Century France,’ French Historical Studies 16, 1 (1989), 72-95

Levine, Philippa, ‘Venereal Disease, Prostitution, and the Politics of Empire: The Case of British India,’ Journal of the History of Sexuality 4, 4 (1994), 579-602

Levine, Philippa, Prostitution, race, and politics: Policing venereal disease in the British Empire (2003)

Mooij, Annet, Out of otherness: Characters and narrators in the Dutch venereal disease debates 1850-1990 (1998)

Parascandola, John, Sex, Sin, and Science: A History of Syphilis in America, (2008)

Sherwood, Joan, The Infection of the Innocents: Wet Nurses, Infants, and Syphilis in France, 1780-1900 (2010)

Worboys Michael, ‘Unsexing Gonorrhoea: Bacteriologists, Gynaecologists and Suffragists in Britain, 1860-1920,’ Social History of Medicine 17, 1 (2004), 31-59.

21

Alcoholism Barrows, Susanna, ‘After the Commune: Alcoholism, Temperance and Literature in

the Early Third Republic,’ in Merriman, John, ed., Consciousness and Class Experience in Nineteenth-Century Europe (1979), 205-218

Brennan, Thomas, ‘Towards the Cultural History of Alcohol in France,’ Journal of Social History 23, 1 (1989), 71-92

Brown, E. M., ‘“What Shall we do with the Inebriate?” Asylum Treatment and the Disease Concept of Alcoholism in the Late Nineteenth Century,’ Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 21 (1985), 48-69

Bynum, William, ‘Alcoholism and Degeneration in 19c European Medicine and Psychiatry,’ British Journal of Addiction, 79 (1984), 59-70.

Goodrich, Robert, ‘Confessional Drinking: Catholic Workingmen's Clubs and Alcohol Consumption in Wilhelmine Germany,’ Koshar, Rudy, ed., Histories of Leisure (2002), 233-52

Jellinek, E. M. , The disease concept of alcoholism (2010) Keire, Mara, ‘Dope Fiends and Degenerates: The Gendering of Addiction in the

Early Twentieth Century,’ Journal of Social History 31, 4 (1998), 809-822 McCandless, Peter. ‘“Curses of Civilization:” Insanity and Drunkenness in Victorian

Britain,’ British Journal of Addiction 79 (1984), 49-58. Patricia Herlihy, The alcoholic empire: Vodka & politics in late Imperial Russia

(2002) Prestwich, Patricia, ‘Drinkers, Drunkards, and Degenerates: The Alcoholic

Population of a Parisian Asylum’, Histoire Sociale/Social History, 27 (1994), 321-35.

Prestwich, Patricia, ‘Female Alcoholism in Paris, 1870-1920: The Response of Psychiatrists and of Families’, History of Psychiatry 14 (2003), 321-36.

Roberts, James, ‘Drink and Industrial Work Discipline in 19th Century Germany,’ Journal of Social History 15, 1 (1981), 25-38

Roberts, James, ‘Drink and the Labour movement: The Schnaps Boycott of 1909,’ Richard Evans, ed., The German working class, 1888-1933: The politics of everyday life (1982), 80-107

Shiman, Lilian, Crusade Against Drink in Victorian England (1988) Sournia, J.C., History ofAlcoholism (1990) Taillon, Paul Michel, ‘“What We Want Is Good, Sober Men:” Masculinity,

Respectability, and Temperance in the Railroad Brotherhoods, c. 1870-1910,’ Journal of Social History 36, 2 (2002), 319-338

Valverde, Mariana, ‘“Slavery from within:” The Invention of Alcoholism and the Question of Free Will,’ Social History 22, 3 (1997), 251-268

Tuberculosis Barnes, David, The making of a social disease: tuberculosis in nineteenth-century

France (1995) Bates, Barbara, Bargaining for life: a social history of tuberculosis, 1876-1938

(1992) Borsay, Anne, and Shapely, Peter, ed., Medicine, charity and mutual aid : the

consumption of health and welfare in Britain, c.1550-1950 (2007)

22

Bryder, Linda, ‘Papworth Village Settlement: A unique experiment in the treatment of and care of the tuberculous?,’ Medical History (1984), 372-90.

Bryder, Linda, ‘Pickaxe Cure for Consumptives,’ Below the magic mountain: A social history of tuberculosis in twentieth-century Britain (1988), 46-70.

Byrne, Katherine, Tuberculosis and the Victorian Literary Imagination (2011) Connolly, C., ‘Pale, poor and “pretubercular” children: a history of pediatric

antituberculosis efforts in France, Germany, and the United States, 1899-1929,’ Nursing Inquiry 11, 3 (2004), 138-47

Daniel, Thomas, Captain of death: the story of tuberculosis (2006) Dormardy, Thomas, The white death: a history of tuberculosis (1999) Dubos, René Jules and Jean, The white plague: Tuberculosis, man, and society

(1987) Jones, Greta, ‘Captain of all these men of death:’ the history of tuberculosis in

nineteenth and twentieth century Ireland (2001) Ott, Katherine, Fevered lives: tuberculosis in American culture since 1870 (1996) Packard, Randall, White Plague, Black Labor: Tuberculosis and the Political

Economy of Health and Disease in South Africa (1990) Smith, Francis, The Retreat of Tuberculosis, 1850-1950 (1988) Worboys, Michael, ‘The sanatorium treatment for consumption in Britain, 1890-

1910,’ in John Pickstone, ed., Medical Innovation in Historical Perspective (1992).

10) Socialism and Utopia

Sources Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward: 2007-1887 (1887). Reading List Allexander, Sally, 'Eleanor Marx's Political Legacy - self sacrifice or self-

realisation?', Women's History Review 16:4 (2007), 595-616 Barrow, L., ‘Socialism in Eternity The Ideology of Plebian Spiritualism, 1853-1913’

History Workshop Journal 9 (1980) Beavan, Brad and Griffiths, John, 'Urban elites, socialists and notions of citizenship

in an industrial boomtown, Coventry, c. 1870-1914', Labour History Review, 69:1 (2004), 3-18

Beckson, C., London in the 1890s: A Cultural History (1992), 3-31 Brown, T. (ed.), Edward Carpenter and Late-Victorian Radicalism (1990) Burnett, J., Idle Hands: The Experience of Unemployment, 1790–1900 (1994) Church, Roy, ‘Edwardian Labour Unrest and Coalfield Militancy, 1890-1914,’ The

Historical Journal 30, 4 (1987), 841-857 Greenslade, W., ‘Socialism and Radicalism’ in Marshall, Gail (ed.) The Cambridge

Companion to The Fin de Siecle (2007), 73-90 Hannam, June, ‘“To make the world a better place:” Women's Suffrage and

Socialism in Bristol’ in Myriam Boussahba-Bravard (ed.), Suffrage outside suffragism : women's vote in Britain, 1880-1914 (2007), 157-79

23

Hapgood, L., ‘Urban utopias: socialism, religion and the city, 1880 to 1900’ in Sally Ledger and Scott McCracken (eds), Cultural Politics at the Fin de Siècle (1995), 184-201

Janowitz, A., Lyric and Labour in the Romantic Tradition (1998) Jay, Martin, Fin-de-Siecle Socialism: And Other Essays Joyce, P., Visions of the People: Industrial England and the Question of Class, Livesey, Ruth, 'Socialism in Bloomsbury : Virginia Woolf and the Political Aesthetics

of the 1880s', Yearbook of English Studies 37:1 (2007), 126-44. Phillips, Lawrence, 'Jack London and the East End: Socialism, Imperialism and the

Bourgeois Ethnographer' in Lawrence Phillips (ed.) A mighty mass of brick and smoke: Victorian and Edwardian representations of London 1840-1914 (1991)

Pierson, S., British Socialists: The Journey from Fantasy to Politics (1979) Rose, J., The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes (2001; 2002) Sweeney, Dennis, ‘Work, Race and the Transformation of Industrial Culture in

Wilhelmine Germany’ Social History 23, 1 (1998) 31-62 Thompson, E. P., William Morris: Romantic to Revolutionary (1955; 1977) Thompson, P., Socialists, Liberals and Labour: The Struggle for London 1885–

1914 (1967) Waters, Chris, British Socialists and the Politics of Popular Culture 1884–1914

(1990) Yeo, Stephen, ‘A New Life: The Religion of Socialism in Britain 1883–1896’, History

Workshop Journal 4 (1977), 5–56

11) The Occult: Science, Spirits and Psychical Research

Sources Blavatsky, H. P., Astral bodies and the mysteries of the after life: Dialogues (1892) Blavatsky, H. P., The letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett, and other

miscellaneous letters (1889) Lee, F. G., Glimpses of the supernatural: Being facts, record and traditions (1875) Reading List Ahern, Geoffrey, Sun at Midnight: The Rudolf Steiner Movement and the Western

Esoteric Tradition (1984) Barrow, Logie, Independent spirits: Spiritualism and English plebeians, 1850-1910

(1986) Basham, D., The trial of woman: feminism and the occult sciences in Victorian

literature and society (1992), 107-50 Bown, Nichola, et al (ed.), The Victorian Supernatural (2003) Braude, Ann, Radical spirits: spiritualism and women's rights in nineteenth-

century America (2001) Byrne, Georgina, Modern Spiritualism and the Church of England, 1850-1939

(2010)

24

Campbell, Bruce, Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement (1980)

Carlson, Maria, ‘No religion higher than truth:’ A history of the Theosophical movement in Russia, 1875-1922 (1993)

Cerulla, J., The secularization of the soul: psychical research in modern Britain (1982)

Curtis, Heather, Faith in the great physician: suffering and divine healing in American, 1860-1900 (2007)

Dijkstra, B., Idols of Perversity: Fantasies of feminine evil in fin-de-siècle culture (1986), 333-351

Dixon, Joy, ‘Sexology and the Occult: Subjectivity and Sexuality in Theosophy's New Age’, Journal of the History of the Sexuality (1997)

Easton, Stewart, Rudolf Steiner, herald of a new epoch (1980) Faivre, Antoine, and Needleman, Jacob, eds., Modern Esoteric Spirituality (1993) Gauld, Alan, The Founders of Psychical Research (1968) Godwin, Joscelyn, The Theosophical Enlightenment (1994) Goodrick-Clark, Nicholas, The occult roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan cults and their

influence on Nazi ideology (2004) Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas, Helena Blavatsky (2004) Haller Jr., John, Swedenborg, Mesmer, and the Mind/Body Connection: The Roots

of Complementary Medicine (2010) Hammer, Olav, Claiming knowledge: strategies of epistemology from theosophy to

the New Age (2004) Hazelgrove, Jenny, Spiritualism and British society between the wars (2000) Johnson, P. K., Initiates of theosophical masters (1995) Leighton, A., ‘Ghosts, aestheticism and Vernon Lee’, Victorian Literature and

Culture, 28 (2000) Luckhurst, Roger, The Invention of Telepathy, 1870-1901 (2002) Massey, G., Concerning spiritualism (2004) McIntosh, Christopher, Eliphas Lévi and the French Occult Revival (2011) Monroe, John Warne, Laboratories of Faith. Mesmerism, Spiritism and Occultism

in Modern France (2008) Oppenheim, Janet, The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in

England 1850-1914 (1985) Owen, A., The Darkened Room: Women, Power and Spiritualism in Late Victorian

England (1989) Owen, Alex, The Place of Enchantment: British Occultism and the Culture of the

Modern (2004) Porter, K.H., Through a glass darkly: Spiritualism in the Browning circle (1958) Robb, G., ‘Eugenics, spirituality and sex differentiation in Edwardian England: the

case of Frances Swing,’ Journal of Women’s History 10 (1998) Sharp, Lynn, Secular spirituality: reincarnation and spiritism in nineteenth-

century France (2006) Thurshwell, Pamela, Literature, Technology and Magical Thinking, 1880-1920

(2001) Tromp, M., ‘Spirited sexuality: sex, marriage and Victorian spiritualism’, Victorian

Literature and Culture 31 (2003) 67-81

25

Willburn, Sarah, Possessed Victorians: extra spheres in nineteenth-century mystical writings (2006)

Winter, Alison, Mesmerized: Powers of Mind in Victorian Britain (2000) Wolffram, Heather, The Stepchildren of Science: Psychical Research and

Parapsychology in Germany, c.1870–1939 (2009)

12) Essay Workshop. No readings.