The Dublin Fenians after the Rising, 1867-79

著者 Takagami Shin-ichi出版者 Institute of Comparative Economic Studies,

Hosei Universityjournal orpublication title

比較経済研究所ワーキングペーパー

volume 28page range 1-54year 1992-02-03URL http://hdl.handle.net/10114/4194

lＣＥＳ HoseIUniveUslIy

lleIand-JapanPapeIS ＨＯＳＥＩＵＮＩＶ．

Number７

ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓ

ａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎ8，１８６７－７９

Ｓｈｉｎ－ｉｃｈｉＴＡＫＡＧＡＭＩ

Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙｌ９９２

lnsliIutooIComparaIivoEconomlcStudies

HosBIUnlve『siIy

4342Alhara-chooMachlda-shl

Tokyo,194-O2Japan

TELO427-83-2330

ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ，1867-79

Sｈｍ－ｉｃｈｉＴＡＫＡＧＡＭＩ

ＫｅｉｏＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ

Ｏｎｌ７Ｍａｒｃｈｌ８５８ｔｈｅｓｅｃｒｅｔｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｌａｔｅｒｎａｍｅｄｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈＲｅｐｕｂｌｉｃａ、

Brotherhood(ＬＲ.Ｂ、）ｗａｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎａｎｄｉｔｓｍｅmberswerecalled

Fenians・ＴｈｅｉｒｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｗａｓｔｏｏｖｅｒｔｈｒｏｗＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｒｕｌｅｍｌｒｅｌａｎｄｂｙｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ

ｆｏｒｃｅ，ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇａｎｌｒｉｓｈｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｃ、Ｏｎ５Ｍａｒｃｈｌ８６７ｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｒｉｓｉｎｇ

ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄ・ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｅｘａｍｉｎｅｓｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｔｈｅｆａｉｌｅｄ

ｒｉｓｉｎｇｔｏｌ８７９ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅＬａｎｄＷａｒ，ｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｉｓｓｕｅｏｆｌａｔｅｎｉｎｅｔｅｅｎｔｈｃentury

lrishhistory，ｔｏｏｋｐｌａｃｅ、ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｆａｒｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｍａｍ

ｓｃｅｎｅｏｆｔｈｅＬａｎｄＷａｒ・ＡｓａｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌｄａｔｅｗｅｈａｖｅｃｈｏｓｅｎＪａｎuａｒｙｌ８７９ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅ

ＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、，ａｓｗｅｓｈａｌｌｓｅｅ,ｈｅｌｄａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｉｎ

Ｐａｒｉｓｔｏｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｔｈｅ‘NewDeparture’一ａｐｒｏｐｏｓａｌｂｙＪｏｈｎＤｅｖｏｙａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒ

ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｏｆＣｌａｎｎａＧａｅｌｉｎＯｃｔｐｂｅｒｌ８７８ｔｐｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｓｈｏｕｌｄ

ａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙｅｎｑａｇｅｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｉｎｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｂｕｔａｌｓｏｉｎａｇｒａｒｉａｎ

ｌｓｓｕｅｓ･ TheSupremeCouncilrejectedtheNewDepartuｒｅａｎｄｃｏｎｆｉｒｍｅｄ

ｔｈｅｉｒｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｆｏｒｃｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ・Inconsequence，ｔｈｅＬＲ．Ｂ、ａｓａｂｏｄｙｄｉｄｎｏｔ

ｔａｋｅａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅＬａｎｄＷａｒ・ＴｈｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｍｏｒｅｏｒｌｅｓｓｓｅｔｔｌｅｄ

ｔｈｅｉｓｓｕｅｆｏｒＤｕｂｌｉｎｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ，ｂｕｔｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｉｎｒｕｒａｌｌｒｅｌａｎｄ，、otablyinthe

westandnorth-westcounties,ｓｅｅｍｔｏｈａｖｅｊｏｉｎｅｄｔｈｅＬａｎｄＷａｒｄｅｓｐｉｔｅｔｈｅ

ｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅｌｙｌａｒｇｅｒｐｒｅｓenceofthepost-l867Fenlanmovemeｎｔｔｈｅｒｅ、

ＴｈｅｙｅａｒｓａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅＭａｒｃｈｌ８６７ｒｉｓｉｎｇｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉ、

ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｈａｄｆｏｒｍｅｄａｔｉｔｓｐｅａｋｔｗｅｎｔｙ－ｔｈrｅｅ

ｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｎｕｍｂｅｒｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｓｅｖｅｒａｌthousandtotenthousandmen・Ｉｎｔｈｅｌ８７０ｓ

ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏ、、ｅｖｅｒｒｅｇａｉｎｅｄｔｈｅｐｒｅ－ｒｉｓｉｎｇｌｅｖｅ1．Ｉｎｌａｔｅｌ８７Ｂａｎｄ

ｅａｒｌｙｌ８７９ｔｈｅｎｕｐｂｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｈａｄｆａｌｌｅｎｄｒａｓｔｉｃａｌｌｙｔｏ５７６；

thesenumbersbelongedtotheSupreｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｐａｒｔｙ・Ｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｐａｒｔｙｗｉｔｈｉｎ

ｔｈｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｔｈａｔｌｅｄｂｙＳtephens,ｈａｄｓｏｍｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｒｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ,butthenumber

wasinsignificant.（１）Inlrelandatlargethemembershiｐｈａｄｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｄｂｙ

１

ｌａｔｅｌ８７８ａｎｄｅａｒｌｙｌ８７９ｆｒｏｍ５０,ＯＯＯｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｔｏａｂｏｕｔ２４,０００．（２）

Furthermore,ｔｈｅ１．Ｒ､Ｂ・ａｓａｗｈｏｌｅｃｈａｎｇｅｄｉｔｓｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌstrongｈｏｌｄｓｆｒｏｍ

ＭｕｎｓｔｅｒａｎｄＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒｔｏｎorthConnachtandsouthUlster・

ＴａｂｌｅｌＭｅｍｂｅｒｓｈｉｐｂｙｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ､Ｂ，ｉｎｔｈｅｌ８６０ｓａｎｄｌａｔｅｌ８７０ｓ

1860ｓ

％

４４

３９

１１

６

Latel870s

％

８．４３

１９．８５

２９．２４

４２．４８

Pｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ

Leinster

Munster

Connacht

Ulster

Sources:Ｒ､Ｖ,Comerford，‘Irishnationalistpolitics,1858-70,(Pb.Ｄ,thesis,Ｔ､Ｃ,、.，

1977),ｐ・'９９;Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,ｐ､２１３．

Thissuggestsanewl．Ｒ,Ｂ・ｗｉｔｈａｎａｇｒａｒｉａｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｅｍｅｒｇｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｌ８７０ｓａｔ

ｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｏwn-basedoldLR.Ｂ、，ｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｈａｄ

ｔａｋｅｎａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔｐａｒｔ・

ＴｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｅｘａｍｉｎｅｓｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｆｒｏｍｌ８６７ｔｏｌ８７３・Ｔｈｅｙｅａｒ

ｌ８７３ｍａｒｋｅｄａｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｉｎｔｗｏｗａｙｓ・

Ｆｉｒｓｔｌｙ,ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｌｌｏｗｅｄＦｅｎｉａｎｓｔｏｂｅｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌ

ｍovementsthe Home Rulemovement・Secondly,ｂｙｔｈｅｌ８７３Ｄｕｂｌｉｎ

ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ,ｄｒａｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙｒｅｄｕｃｅｄｉｎ口embership,ｗａｓｃｏｎｆｉｎｅｄｔｏａｓｍａｌｌｑｒｏｕｐ

ｏｆｍｅｎａｎｄｄｉｄｎｏｔｒｅｖｉｖｅｉｎｔｈｅｌ８７０ｓ．

ＰａｒｔｌＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓ，1867-73

ＴｈｅｉｍｐａｃｔｏｆｔｈｅａｂｏｒｔｉｖｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｏｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ

Ｆ.Ｓ、Ｌ・ＬｙｏｎｓａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｏｌｄＬＲ.Ｂ・ｔｏ‘ｔｈｅｆｉａｓｃｏｏｆｔｈｅ

ｌ８６７ｒｉｓｉｎｇ’：‘ｔｈｅｒｅｃａｎｂｅｎｏｄｉｓｐｕｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈattheimmediateconsequence

２

ｏｆｔｈｅｆｉａｓｃｏｏｆｌ８６７ｗａｓｔｏｔｈｒｏｗｔｈｅwholeFenianmovementintoconfusionand

discouragementfronlwhichittooklongtorecover，．（３）Indeed,ａｓｎｏｒｉｓｉｎｇｔｏｏｋ

ｐｌａｃｅｉｎＣｏｎｎａｃｈｔａｎｄＵ１ｓｔｅｒ,ｏｎｅｍｉｇｈｔｓａｙｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ､Ｂ・ｉｎＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒａｎｄ

Ｍｕｎｓｔｅｒｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｄｂｅcausetheyhadattemptedtoorganisｅｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ,ｗｈｉｌｅ

ＣｏｎｎａｃｈｔａｎｄＵ１ｓｔｅｒ，ｎｏｔｓｈａｒｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｆｉａｓｃｏ,becamethefuturestrongholds

ofthｅＬＲ.Ｂ、However，ａｌｌｔｈｅｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅ,ａｓｆａｒａｓｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗａs

concerned,ｒｅｖｅａｌｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｗａｓｎｏｔａｆａｔａｌｂｌｏｗｔｏｔｈｅ

ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ,andthattheSupremeCouncilsucceeｄｅｄｉｎｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｉｎｇｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・

ｂｙｅａｒｌｙｌ８７ｑ

ｌｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｅｖｅｎｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆ

ｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇａｎｏｔｈｅｒａｔｔｅｍｐｔ、ＭｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｓ,ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ

ａｎｙｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙａｃｔｉｏｎｂｙｔｈｅｍｏｒｎｉｎｇｏｆ６Ｍａｒｃｈ,ｓｔｉｌｌｈａｄｔｈｅｉｒａｒｍｓａｎｄｍｏｓｔｏｆ

ｔｈｅｉｒｌｅａｄｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｎｏｔａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ・Ｏｎ９ＭａｒｃｈＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｎｔＲｙａｎｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ

ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｏｎｌＯｏｒｌｌＭarchtheFenianswouldlaunchanothｅｒｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ

ａｃｔｉｏｎ,ａｔｔａｃｋｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｉｔｙ・ＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｎｔＲｙａｎｆｅｌｔｕｎａｂｌｅｔｏｄｉｓｍｉｓｓｔｈｅ

ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｃｌａｉｍｉｎｇｔｈａｔ‘ｆｅｗｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｓｐｅｃｔａｂｌｅｓｈｏｐｍｅｎ,ｃｌｅｒｋｓａｎｄａｒｔｉｓａｎｓ

ｔｈａｔｔｏｍｙｃｅｒｔａｉｎｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅａｒｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｗｅｒｅｔｏｂｅｓeenamongtheprisoners

arrestedonWednesdaymorning[６March］・Ifearsomethingseriousmaybe

apprｅｈｅｎｄｅｄｉｆｔｈｅｍｅｎｗｉｌｌｂｅｆｏｕｎｄｐｌｕｃkyandnumerousenoughandlrepeatiｔ

ｔｈａｔｏｎｔｈｉｓａｌｌｗｉｌｌｄｅｐｅｎｄ,astheleadersdonotlackdetermination'．（４）Ｉｎ

ｓｐｉｔｅｏｆＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｎｔＲｙａｎ,sapprehension,ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｈａｐｐｅｎｅｄｏｎｌｌａｎｄｌ２

Ｍａｒｃｈ;ｂｕｔａｎｏｔｈｅｒｉｎｆｏｍａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔＳｔＰａｔｒｉｃｋ'ｓＤａｙ，ｌ７Ｍａｒｃｈ,ｗａｓｔｈｅｄａｙｆｉｘｅｄ

ｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｒｉｓingreachedSuperintendentRyaninthesucceedingdays・

ＬａｔｅｒＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｎｔＲｙａｎｗａｓｉｎｆｏｒｍｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｗｏｕｌｄｓｔａｒｔａｒｉｓｉｎｇａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅ ０

ｅｎｄｏｆＡｐｒｉｌｏｒｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｏｆｌＩａｙ.（５）Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｗａｙｉｍｍediatelyaftertherising

theFeniaｎｓＷｈｏｈａｄｎｏｔｓｕｆｆｅｒｅｄｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｌｏｓｓｅｓｏｎ６Ｍａｒｃｈｓｅｅｍｅｄｂｅｎｔ

ｏｎｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇａｎｏｔｈｅｒｒｅｂｅｌｌｉｏｎ，

Ｔｈｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｄｉｄ,ｏｆcourse，ｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｙｂｒｉｎｇａｂｏｕｔｃｏｎｆｕｓｉｏｎｉｎ

ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・ＡｓｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｔｒｉｅｄｔｏａｒｒｅｓｔＦｅｎｉａｎｌｅａｄｅｒｓｉｎＭａｒｃｈ

ｌ８６７,ｓｏ､ｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｆｌｅｄｔｏＥｎｇｌａｎｄｏｒｄｉｓｂａｎｄｅｄｔｈｅｉｒｃｉｒｃｌｅｓ、BetweenMarchand

３

ｅａｒｌｙＡｐｒｉｌｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄｓｅｖenCentres,andafurtherCentrewascaptured

inＪｕｌｙ，Ｉｎｄｅｅｄ,ｂｙＡｐｒｉｌｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｈａddisintegratedtosuchan

extentthａｔａｆｔｅｒＡｐｒｉｌＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｎｔＲｙａｎｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｎｏｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ

ａｂｏｕｔａｒｉｓｉｎｇ・Ａ１ｆｒｅｄＡｙｌｗａｒｄｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｉｅｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ

ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｉｎｇｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＣｅntres:ｈｉｓｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｆｕｒｎｉｓｈｅｓｕｓｗｉｔｈｓｏｍｅｄｅｔａｉｌｓｏｆ

ｔｈｅｆａｔｅｏｆｔｗｅｎｔｙ－ｔｗｏｏｆｔｈｅｔｗｅｎｔｙ－ｔｈｒｅｅｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｋｎｏｗｎｔｏｈａｖｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｄｉｎ

Ｄｕｂｌｉｎｂｅｒｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ・Ｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎａｌｏｒ

ェｅｇｉｍｅｎｔａｌｕｎｉｔ;ｅａｃｈｒｅｇｉｍｅｎｔｗａｓｌｅｄｂｙａＣｅｎｔｒｅｏｒＡ,ａｎｄbelowhimin

descendingordertheotherranksweredenominatedasB,ｓ,Ｃ，ｓａｎｄ、，ｓ､（６）Aylward

statedthatsixofthetwentｙ－ｔｗｏｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｈａｄｂｒｏｋｅｎｕｐ;ｏｎｌｙｆｏｕｒｗｅｒｅ

ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅｌｙｃｏｎｆｉｒｍｅｄａｓｂｅｉｎｇｓｔｉｌｌｉｎｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ,ａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｃａｓｅｏｆｔｈｅ

ｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇｔｗｅｌｖｅ,ｔｈｅｈｅａｄｓｏｆｓｅｖｅｎｗｅｒｅｖａｒｉｏｕｓｌｙａｃcountedforｂｙａｒｒｅｓｔ,ｏｒ

ｆｌｉｇｈｔｔｏＥｎｇｌａｎｄ．

Ｔａｂｌｅ２１ｍｐａｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｏｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｓｕｍｍｅｒｏｆｌ867

Successor FａｔｅｏｆＣｉｒｃｌｅ

ｍｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ

ｂｒｏｋｅｎｕｐ

Ｃｅｎｔｒｅ

ＷｉｌｌｉａｍＢｒａｄｙ

ＢｅｒｎａｒｄＢｒａｄｙ

ＮｉａｌｌＢｒｅｓｌｉｎａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ

ＳａｍｕｅｌＣｌａｍpettarrested

GeoZgeConnollyarrested

JosephD'Ａｒcy

JamesHayesgaveup

JosephHenry

HｅｎｒｙＨｕｇｈｅｓａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ

ＪａｍｅｓＫｅｌｌｙ

Ｊ,Ｋｅｌｌｙ

ＪｏｈｎＫｉｒｗａｎａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ

ＰａｔＫｎｏｔｔｏＥｎｇｌａｎｄ

iｎｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ

ｉｎｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ

ｂｒｏｋｅｎｕｐ

bｒｏｋｅｎｕｐ

bｒｏｋｅｎｕｐ

JｏｈｎＧｉｌｌｅｒｄａｎ

４

bｒｏｋｅｎｕｐ MichaelLambert

JamesMcCabe

JosephMcDonnell

StephenO'Ｄｏｎｏｇｈｕｅｋｉｌｌｅｄ

ＥｄｗａｒｄＯ'Ｂｙｒｎｅａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ

ＭａｔｔＯ'ＮｅｉｌｌｔｏＥｎｇｌａｎｄ

ＤａｖｉｄＴｏｏｌｅ

ＪｏｓｅｐｈTomｋｉｎｓａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ

ＪｏｈｎＷａｌｓｈａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ

PａｔＭｏｎｋｓ ｉｎｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ

ｂｒｏｋｅｎｕｐ

２２Centres

Source:Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Ｆｅｎｉａｎｂｒｉｅｆｓ，８．

ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ,however,ｗａｓｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄｂｙａｎｅｗｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｂｙｔｈｅａｕｔｕｍｎ

ｏｆｌ８６７・ＴｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｌｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｔｈｅｌａｃｋｏｆｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ：ｔｈｅ

Ｄｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｌｏｓｔａｔｌｅａｓｔｔｗｅｌｖｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｗｅｎｔｙ－ｔｈｒｅｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｗｈｏｗｅｒｅｉｎ

ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｉｎｅａｒｌｙｌ８６７、ＴｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄｏｎａｐｐｏｉｎｔｉｎｇＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ

ｒａｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎｏｎｅｘｐａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｔｈｅｙｃｏｍmandedbYswearingin

newmembersactively.（７）Ｉｎｔｈｅａｕｔｕｍｎｏｆｌ８６７Ａｙｌｗａｒｄｇａｖｅｔｈeauthorities

thenamesoftwenty-ｔｈｒｅｅｍｅｎ,plusfourunknownpersons,ｈｏｌｄｉｎｇｈｉｇｈｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓ

ｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｏｑｅｔｈｅｒｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｒｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆ

ｔｈｅｉｒｓｕｂｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｓ－ｉｎｍｏｓｔｃａｓｅｓｈｅｍａｄｅｎｏｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＣｅｎｔｒｅｓａｎｄ

Ｂｓ・Ｔａｂｌｅ３ｉｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎＡｙｌｗａｒｄ’ｓｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｐｏｌｉｃｅｒｅｐｏrts．

Ｔａｂｌｅ３ ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａＬｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅａｕｔｕmｎｏｆｌ８６７

Ｎａｍｅ

ＷｉｌｌｉａｍＢｒｏｐｈｙ

ＪＤ'Ａｒｃｙ

ＭｉｃｈａｅｌＦｅｅｌｙ

Pｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ

Ｃｅｎｔｒｅ

Ｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎ

ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒ

ｒｏｐｅｍａｋｅｒ

ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒ

Ｎｏ．ｏｆＳｕｂｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｓ

６００

６０

７００ Cｅｎｔｒｅ

５

CharlesFitzsimons

ThomasFrancis

Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎ

Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎ

ＪａｍｅｓＫｅＵｙ

ＪａｍｅｓＫｅｌｌｙ

Ｋｉｌｌｅｅｎ

ＪａｍｅｓＫｍｇｓｔｏｎ

ＪａｍｅsMcCabe

JosephMacGzath

McEvoy

ThomasMcGazry

CharlesMcNalluara

MichaelMonks（１）

ＪｏｈｎＭｕｒｐｈｙ

ＪｏｈｎＮｅｉｌ

Ｍ､０，Loughlin

JohnWalsh

Healy（２）

０，Ｃｏｎｎｏｒ

ａｎｏｎ．

anon.（３）

ａｎｏｎ・

an｡、.（４）

２８０

６５ Ｃｅｎｔｒｅ shoemaLker

shoemaker

pawnbrokers’assistant

shoemaker

tailor

clerk

０００５０

４７５３０

１

２

Centre

tobacconist

foreman,ｔｉｍｂｅｒｙａｒｄ

ｒｏｐｅｍａｋｅｒ

ｂｏｔｔｌｅｇｌａｓｓworker

３０７００００００

５０６７０００２８

２

７４５１２

ｅｅｅｅｅｅｅ

ｒｒｒＺｒ正ｒ

ｔｔｔ●屯ｔ・Ｃ。Ⅱ

、ｎｎｎｎｎｎ

ｅｅｅｅｅｅｅ

Ｆ）【し（し【しＦ）が〉が）

dａｉｒｙｍａｎ

pawnbrokers，assistant

ｓｕｐｐｌｉｅｒｏｆａｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｏｎ,gunmaker

shoemaker ４５

chairmanofbaker'ｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ

Total２７ ４，６３５

Notes:(1)Ｅ､Ｏ'Byrne'ｓcircle;（２）JohnO,Ｎｅｉｌ，ｓＢ;(3)JohnO，Neil,ｓＢ;（４）William

Brophy,ｓｂｒｏｔｈｅｒｉｎｌａＷ・

Sources:Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fenianbriefs,８;ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ．，５NoLl867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ．

６

1867/l9381on2266R〕;ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＧＰ.,ｇＮｏｖ､1867(Ｃ､Ｓ､0.,Ｒ､Ｐ,1867/l9348

onl867/19481）;ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，l1Nov・’867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1867/20374);Supt

RyantoC､Ｐ.，２０Ｊａｎ､1868(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1868/545ｏｎ３１０５Ｒ）．

Table３ｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅｗｅｒｅａｔｌｅａｓｔｅｌｅｖｅ、CentresintheDublin

organisation・ＴｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｌＹａｃｉｒｃｌｅｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｄｏｆ８２０ｍｅｎ,ｂｕｔＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｃｏｕｌｄｆｏｒｍ

ｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｎｕｍｂｅｒ・ThomasＦｒａｎｃｉｓ,ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｈｅｈａｄ

ｏｎｌｙ６５ｍｅｎ,ｗａｓａＣｅｎｔｒｅ・Ｊｕｄｇｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｍｅｎｕｎｄｅｒtheir

direction,CharlesFitzsimons(whohad280）,JamesKelly(150）,JamesKingston(200）

andMcEvoy(200）mighthavebeenCentres・Ｉｔｗｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂｅｗｒｏｎｇｔｏａｓｓｕｍｅｔｈａｔ

ｔｈｅｒｅｗｅｒｅａｔｌｅａｓｔｆｉｆｔｅｅｎｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｍｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｎｕｍｂｅｒｉｎｇｏｖｅｒ

４，６３５ｍｅｎｉｎｔｈｅａｕｔｕｍｎｏｆｌ８６７・ＣｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅ

ｒｉｓｉｎｇ,ｗｈａｔｉｓｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇｉｓｔｈｅｌａｃｋｏｆｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｔｙ:ｏｎｌｙｔｈｒｅｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ－

ＪＰ，Ａｒｃｙ,ＪａｍｅｓＫｅｌｌｙａｎｄＪａｍｅｓＮｃＣａｂｅ－ｓｅｅｍｔｏｈａｖｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄｗｏｒｋｆｒｏｍｂｅｆｏｒｅ

ｔｈerising.（８）Ｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｗｏｒｄｓ，aftertherising，acompletelynewleadership

emergeｄｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・Ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｆａｌｌｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｄａｍａｇｅｄ

ｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｓｍａｌｌｅｒ，ｗｉｔｈｉｎａｂｏｕｔｓｉｘｍｏｎｔｈｓｔｈｅ

ＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｈａｄｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｉｎｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ・

Ｂｙｔｈｅａｕｔｕｍｎｏｆｌ８６７ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗｄｓｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆａ

ＤiｒｅｃｔｏｒｙｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｒｅｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ,ＪｏｈｎＷａｌｓｈ,ＭｉｃｈａｅｌＦｅｅｌｙ,andJohnMurphy・

ＡｂｏｖｅａｌｌＪｏｈｎＷａｌｓｈｗａｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔａｃｔｉｖｅＣｅｎｔｒｅａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ;and

SuperintendentRyan'ｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｉｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ８６７ｎｏｔｅｄｈｉｓｒecentriseto

prominence・ＷａｌｓｈｗａｓａｐａＨｍｂｒｏｋｅｒｓ，ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔａｎｄａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏＳｕｐｅｒｉｎtendent

Ryan，ｉｔｗａｓｐａｗｎｂｒｏｋｅｒｓ,ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔｓｔｈａｔｒｅｖｉｖｅｄＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅ

ｒｉｓｉｎｇ.（９）ＡｓｅａｒｌｙａｓＭａｙｌ８６７,whenthefuneralofRicbardStowelｌ－ａＦｅｎｉａｎ

ｕｌｈｏｈａｄｄｉｅｄａＥｔｅｒｈｉｓｄiｓｃｈａｒｇｅｆｒｏｍＮａａｓｇａｏｌ－ｔｏｏｋｐｌａｃｅ,pawnbrokersD

assistantsdemonsｔｒａｔｅｄｔｈｅｉｒｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｉｎｏＺｇａｎｉｓｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｄｉｓｐｌａｙｏｆｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ・

Ｆｒｏｍ５００ｔｏ６００ｐｅｏｐｌｅｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｌｙｏｆｓｈｏｐａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔｓａｎｄｃｌerks

formedaprocessionandallpawnbrokers，assistantsinDublinwerethere.（10）

ＴｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉ◎、，ｉｎｓｐｉｔｅｏｆｔｈｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ，

７

Dublin.（11）Unfortunatelywehavenoinfomationaboutthenumberofcircles

andmemｂｅｒｓｈｉｐｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｎｌ８７２ａｎｄｌ８７３・Howeversuccessful

thoughthemovementwasinregrouping,ｄｉｓｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ

ａｐｐｅａｒｓｔｏｈａｖｅｓｅｔｉｎａｆｔｅｒ１８７１．Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅ

ＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒｌ８７４、Ａｔｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅｔｈｅｒｅｍｅｒｅｌｙｅｘｉｓｔｅｄａｔｏｔａｌ

ｏｆｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ３００ｍｅｎｕｎｄｅｒｆｏｕｒＣentres.（１２）Thereforedisintegrationtookplaｃｅ

ｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｆｒｏｍｌ８７２ｔｏSeptember１８７４．Ｔｈｉｓｉｓｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙ

Ｊ．Ｆ､Ｘ､０，Ｂｒｉｅｎ,ａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔＦｅｎｉａｎａｎｄｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｔｒａｖｅｌｌｅｒ,ｗｈｏｈａｄｃｈａｎｃｅｓｏｆ

ｍｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅＩ．Ｒ,Ｂ，ｉｎｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｅｘｃｅｐｔＵｌｓｔｅｒａｎｄｃｌａｉｍｅｄｔｈａｔ

‘Ｉｓｈｏｕｌｄｓａｙｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ、Ｂ・ｗａｓａｔｉｔｓｆｕｌｌｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ,ｖｉｇｏｕｒａｎｄａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｕｐｔｏ

ｌ８７１，．（13）ＩｎｔｈｅＷａｋｅｏｆｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｉｎｏｒａｆｔｅｒｌ８６７ｗｅｃａｎｎｏｔａｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｅ

ｄｉｓｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｓｅｔｉｎｌ８７１ｍｅｒｅｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｆａｃｔｏｆ

ｔｈｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｌ８６７ｒｉｓｉｎｇ．

TheemergenceoftheSupremeCounci１，１８６７－６９

AfterStephens,ｓｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｂｙＡｎｅｒｉｃａｎｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓｉｎＤｅｃｅｎｂｅｒｌ８６６,ｎｏ

`ｃｈａｒｉｓｍａｔｉｃ，ｌｅａｄｅｒｌｉｋｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｗｈｏｈａｄｄｏｍｌｎａｔｅｄｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、ｆｒｏｍｌ８５８ｔｏ

ｌ８６６ａｐｐｅａｒｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｆａｃｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｍｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄ・

CｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｔｈｅＰｒｏｖｉｓｉｏｎａｌＧｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔＷｉｔｈｆｏｕｒｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｓ

ｆｒｏｍｅａｃｈｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ,ａｎｄｓｔａｒｔｅｄｔｈｅ

ｒｉｓｉｎｇ,ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｔｈｅＰｒｏｖｉｓｉｏｎａｌ

Government・ＢｕｔＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙｉｎｔｈｅａｆｔｅｒｍａｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇａｂｏｌｉｓｈｅｄｔｈｅ

ＰｒｏｖｉｓｉｏnalGovernmｅｎｔｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｈｉｓｐｏｗｅｒｉｎｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・

ＩｎｓｔｅａｄｈｅｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａＤｉｒｅｃｔｏｒｙｉｎＬｏｎｄｏｎ－ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｉｎＡｐｒｉｌｌ８６７－ａｎｄ

ｂｅｃａｍｅｉｔｓｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ，ａｎｄａｐｐｏｉｎｔｅｄＢｅｅｃｈｅｒａｓｔｒｅａｓｕｒｅｒａｎｄＪｏｈｎＮｏｌａｎａｓ

ｓｅｃｒｅｔａｪｙ・ＯｔｈｅｒｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅＤｉｒｅｃｔｏｒｙｗｅｒｅＧｅｎｅｒａｌＨａｌｐｉｎｗｈｏｈａｄ

ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｃｈａｒｇｅｏｆｌｒｅｌａｎｄａｎｄＦａｒｉｏｌａｉｎｃｈａｒｇｅｏｆＥｎｇｌａｎｄ・ＩｎＤｕｂｌｉｎＣｏｌｏｎｅｌ

Ｋｅｌｌｙｂｕｉｌｔａｇｏｖｅｒｎｉｎｇｂｏｄｙ，ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏＡｙｌｗａｒｄ，ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆｆｉｖｅｍｅｎ－

ＪｏｓｅｐｈＣ】Eomien(thechiefececutive）,Murphy(armyorganiser）,JohnRyanalias

Doherty（GeneralHalpin'sagentXPatrickLennonandNiallBreslin.（１４）

８

ＡｆｏｒｍｉｄａｂｌｅｒｉｖａｌｔｏＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙｃａｍｅｆｒｏｍＡｍｅｒｉｃａ，Ｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆ

Ａｐｒｉｌｌ８６７,Ｒｏｂｅｒｔ，ｓｐａｒｔｙ，ｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｗｏｐａｒｔｉｅｓｏｒｇａｎｉｓｉｎｇＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓ,ａｎｘｉｏｕｓｔｏｇａｉｎａｂｓｏｌｕｔｅｐｏｗｅｒｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ,Ｂ，ｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄａｎｄ

Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ,ｓｅｎｔｔｗｏｅｍｉｓｓａｒｉｅｓ,０，ＤｏｎｏｈｏｅａｎｄＣｏｏｋｅｔｏｌｒｅｌａｎｄａｎｄＢｒｉｔａｉｎｆｏｒｔｈｅ

ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｍａｋｉｎｇａｎａｇｒｅｅｍｅｎｔｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｌＲ.Ｂ，Noreover，Ｄａｎｉｅｌ

Ｏ'Ｓｕｌｌｉｖａｎ,Ｒｏｂｅｒｔ'ｓｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙ，ｃａｍｅｔｏＥｎｇｌａｎｄｏｎｌＯＭａｙ・Thentheseenvoyshad

contac屯ｗｉｔｈＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙａｎｄｆｉｎａｌｌｙｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｉｎｓｅｃｕｒｉｎｑｄｅｌｅｇａｔｅｓｔｏｖｉｓｉｔ

ＲｏｂｅｒｔｓｉｎＰａｒｉｓｉｎｅａｒｌｙＪｕｌｙ.（１５）Onl8JuneSuperintendentRyanreported

that‘ＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙｃｏｎｓｅｎｔｅｄｔｏａｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅＰｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔＲｏｂｅｒｔｓａｓｔｈｅｓｕｐｒｅｍｅ

ｈｅａｄｏｆｔｈｅｏｒganisationthroughouttheworld，．（１６）However,accordingto

SuperintendentRyan,ＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙ'ｓａｉｍｗａｓｍｏｒｅｃｙｎｉｃａｌｌｙｔｏｄｒａｗｆｉnancial

suppoｪｔｆｒｏｍＲｏｂｅｒｔｓ’ｐａｒｔｙｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｏｕｓ・Thissuggeststhatthe

agreementbetｗｅｅｎＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙａｎｄＲｏｂｅｒｔｓｗａｓｎｏｔａｓｏｌｉｄｏｎｅ，ＩｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ

ｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆＪｕｎｅ，ａＤｉｒｅｃｔｏｒｙｏｆｔｈｒｅｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｅｌｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎ

ＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｈａｄｂｅｅｎｆｏｒｎｅｄｔｐｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｉｓ

ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｍｅｒｉｔｓｃｏｍｍｅｎｔ；ｉｔｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｓａｇｒｅａｔｅｒａｓｓｅｒｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓｏｆｌｏｃａｌＦｅｎｉａｎｓ，

ａｆａｃｔｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｙｅａｒｓＷａｓｔｏｍａｋｅｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｍｏｒｅ

ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅｔｏａｎｄｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎａｃｔｉｖｌｓｍｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｏｆ

ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ・ＴｗｏｏｆｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ，ＭｉｃｈａｅｌＦｅｅｌｙａｎｄＪｏｈｎＷａｌｓｈ

ｗｅｒｅｄｉｓｐａｔｃｈｅｄｔｏＰａｒｉｓｔｏseeRoberts.（１７）Ｏｎ４Ｊｕｌｙｔｈｅｓｏ－ｃａｌｌｅｄ‘Ｔｒｅａｔｙｏｆ

Ｐａｒｉｓ’ｗａｓａｇｒｅｅｄ；ｆｉｒｓｔｌｙ,ＲｏｂｅｒｔｓｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｔｈｅｈｅａｄｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、ｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄ

ａｎｄＢｒｉｔａｉｎａｓＷｅｌｌａｓｏｆｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔＲｏｂｅｒｔｓ

ｗｏｕｌｄｇｉｖｅｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙａｎｄｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｔｏｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、；secondｌｙ,ａＳｕｐｒｅｍｅ

ＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｔｏｇｏｖｅｒｎｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、：ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｓｈｏｕｌｄ

ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔofsevenmembers,ｆｏｕｒｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄａｎｄｔｈｒｅｅｉｎＢｒｉｔａｉｎ．（１８）

ＴｈｅｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｏｆａＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｃｉｌｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｓｔｏＲｏｂｅｒｔｓ’ｓｄｅｓｉｒｅｔｏ

ｒｅｄｕｃｅＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙ,ｓａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ，Ｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｅｅｖｅｎｔｓ,ｏｎｌ７Ａｕｇｕｓｔｌ８６７

ＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙｈｅｌｄａｎＬＲ．Ｂ・ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｎＭａｎｃｈｅｓｔｅｒｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｍａｎｄ

ｔｈｅＰａｒｉｓａｇｒｅｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｒｅｓｔｏｒｅｈｉｓａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ，Ｂ，Ｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ

ＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙｓｅｃｕｒｅｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｏｒｈｉｍｓｅｌｆａｓｃｈｉｅｆｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、

９

ａｎｄｈｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ｉｎｔｏｆｏｕｒｄｉｓｔｒｉｃｔｓ,ｎｏｒｔｈｌｒｅｌａｎｄ,ｓｏｕｔｈｌｒｅｌａｎｄ，

ＥｎｇｌａｎｄａｎｄＷａｌｅｓ,ａｎｄＳｃｏｔｌａｎｄ,ａｎｄｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａｓｐａｒｔｏｆｈｉｓａｉｍ－ｅｖｉｄｅｎｔ

ａｌｒｅａｄｙｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ－ｏｆｓｅｃｕｒｉｎｇａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐａｔｔｈｅｔｏｐ・Ｈｅ

ｐｕｔＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓｉｎｃｈａｒｇｅｏｆａｌｌｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｃｔｓｅｘｃｅｐｔｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｏｆ

ｌｒｅｌａｎｄ:ＣａｐｔａｉｎＭａｃＫｅｙｗａｓｉｎｃｈａｒｇｅｏｒｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｏｆｌｒｅｌａｎｄ;ＣａｐｔａｉｎＲ１ｃａｒｄ

Ｏ'ＳｕｌｌｉｖａｎＢｕｒｋｅｏｆＥｎｇｌａｎｄａｎｄＷａｌｅｓ;ａｎｄＣａｐｔａｍＪａｍｅｓＭｕｒｐｈｙｏｆＳｃｏｔｌａｎｄ;ａ

ｃｉｖｉｌｉａｎＥｄｍｕｎｄＯ，ＤｏｎｏｖａｎａｃｔｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｏｆＩｒｅｌａｎｄ、Furthermore,the

conventionadoptedaresolutioｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ｗｏｕｌｄｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｅＷｉｔｈＣｌａｎｎａ

Ｇａｅｌ:aneworganisationinAmerica.（19）However,despitetheconventionin

ManchestｅｒＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙ'ｓａｔｔｅｍｐｔｔｏｋｅｅｐｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ｕｎｄｅｒｈｉｓｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ

ｆａｉｌｅｄ・Noreover,ｈｅｗａｓａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄｉｎＭａｎｃｈｅｓｔｅｒｏｎｌｌＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒｌ８６７ｂｕｔｔｈｅ

ＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎＥｎｇlandrescuedhimindramaticcircumstancesaweeklater、１，ｓｐｉｔｅ

ｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｓｃｕｅ,threeFenians(ＷｉｌｌｉａｍＡｌｌｅｎ,lu1ichaelLarkin,and

MichaelO，Brien）－theManchesterMartyrs-wereexecutedonachargeof

murderingapoliceman.（20）IntheaftermathColonelKellywasregardedas

Jacurse’totheorganisationandlosthisinfｌｕｅｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・（２１）

ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓｄｅｓｐｉｔｅｏｆｃｏｎｆｕｓｉｏｎａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｏｆ

ｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ，，ｒｅｖivedundertheirDirectorycomposeｄｏｆｔｈｒｅｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ－Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ

Ｆｅｅｌｙ,ＪｏｈｎＭｕｒｐｈｙａｎｄＪｏｈｎＷａｌｓｈ・ＢｕｔｉｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ８６７ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｓｔｒｕｃｋａｂｌｏｗ

ａｔｉｔｂｙａｒｒｅｓｔｉｎｇｆｏｕｒＣｅntres,ＭｉｃｈａｅｌＦｅｅｌｙ,ThomasＦｒａｎｃｉｓ，JamesＭｃＣａｂｅａｎｄ

ＪｏｂｎＷａｌｓｈ、Ｂｙｔｈｅｓｅａｒｒｅｓｔｓｐｏｌｉｃｅｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｒｅａｃｔｅｄｔｐｔｈｅｒｅｖｉｖａｌｏｆ

ＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｂｕｔｍｅｔｔｈｅｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｏｆｓｈｏｏｔｉｎｇｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔｓｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｂｙ

ｔｈｅＦｅｎians．（22）ThearrestedCentresMichaelFeely,ＪｏｈｎＭｕｒｐｈｙａｎｄＪｏｈｎ

Ｗａｌｓｈ,ａｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｎｏｔｅｄ,ｗｅｒｅ□ｅｍｂｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅＤｉｒｅｃｔｏｒｙｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ，Ｃｌｅａrly

thesearrestsdamagedthedevelｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・Onl9

DecemberSuperintendentRyanrepoztedthatjsincethearrestofＪｏｈｎＷａｌｓｈａｎｄ

ＭｉｃｈａｅｌＦｅｅｌｙ，“ｔｈｅＤｉｒｅｃｔｏｒｙｗｈａｓｃｅａｓｅｄｔｏｅｘｉｓｔ,ｂｕｔｅｆｆｏｒｔｓａｒｅｂｅｉｎｇｍａｄｅｔｏ

ｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｔａｎｄｔｈｅｏｎｌｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｔｈｅｙｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｉｓｔｈｅｌａｃkof

candidatesfortheappointment’．（23）ItwouldappearthattheDublinFeniａｎｓ

ｍａｄｅａｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｆｒｏｍｔｈｅａｒｒｅｓｔｏftheCentres、Ｉｎｅａｒｌｙｌ８６８ＪｏｈｎＯ，Connor

１０

Power，ｔｈｅａｇｅｎｔｏｆＲｏｂｅｒｔｓ,reportedｔｈａｔ‘ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｌ４ｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｅａｃｈ

ｎumbermgfromhundredmenandupwards’．（24〕

ＴｈｅｆｉｒｓｔＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ，ｔｈｅｎｅｗｂｏｄｙｗｈｉｃｈＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌＹｈａｄintendedto

undermine,ｍｅｔｏｎｌ３ｏｒ１４Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙｌ８６８、Ｒｏｂｅｒｔ，ｓｐａｒｔｙａｌｓｏｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏ

ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｃｏｎtｒｏｌｏｖｅｒｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｓｓｅｒｔｉｎｇｉｔｓｅｌｆＴｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅ

Ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌｄｅｃｌａｒｅｄｉｔｓａｕｔｏｎｏｍｙａｎｄｉｔｓｆｉｒｓｔｍｅｓｓａｇｅｄａｔｅｄ２４Ａｐｒｉｌｌ８６８ｗａｓ

ｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｄｔｏｒｅｐｕｄｉａｔｅｂｏｔｈＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙａｎｄＲｏｂｅｒｔｓ、Ｆｉｒｓｔ,accordingtothe

message,ｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｈａｄｂｅｅｎｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｓｏｍｅｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ－

ｏｂｖiｏｕｓｌｙＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙｗａｓｉｎ□ｉｎｄ－ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔａｄｅｑｕａｔｅｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｓ、Second，

ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｐｒｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ，ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄｉｔｓａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ‘ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅ

ａｒｍｙａｎｄｐｅｏｐｌｅｏｆｌｒｅｌａｎｄ’，ａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｔｈａｔ‘ｎｏａｇｅｎｔｓｎｏｒｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ

ａｃｃｒｅｄｉｔｅｄａｎｄｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ,orelsewheｪｅ,ｓｈｏｕｌｄｏｒ

ｓｈａｌｌｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ，recognise。,ｎｏｒｏｂｅｙｅｄｂｙｔｈｅａｒｍｙｏｆｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈＲｅｐｕｂｌｉｃ,ｏｒ

ｂｙａｎｙｏｗｉｎｇａｌｌｅｇｉａｎｃｅｔｏｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈＲｅｐｕｂｌｉｃ,ｕｎｌｅｓｓａｎｄｕｎｔｉｌｔｈｅｉｒ

ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙｉｓｒａｔｉｆｉｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙｏｒｃｉｖｉｌａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅ

ｐｕrposebytheSupremeCouncil’．（25）

Ｔｈｉｓｉｓｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｗｅａｋｎｅｓｓｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｅ－ｒｉｓｉｎｇｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ

ｗａｓｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｏｎａｓｅｃｒｅｔｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ

ｗｉｔｈｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄ・Ｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｔｈｕｓｄｉｓｃｒｅｄｉｔｅｄｔｈｅｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙｌｅａｄｅｒｓｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｔｈｅ

ａｃｔｕａｌｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｔｓｅｌｆ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｅｖｅｎｔｓｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ

ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｔｈａｔ，ｔａｋｉｎｇａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｄｉｓｃｒｅｄｉｔ,ａｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｗｉｔｈｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄ

ｒｅａｓｓｅｒｔｅｄｉｔｓｅｌｆＩｔｉｓａｎａｄｄｅｄｒｅａｓｏｎｆｏｒｃａｕｔｉｏｎｉｎａｃｃｅｐｔｉｎｇｔｈｅ

ｔｈｅｓｉｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇＪｆｉａｓｃｏ’ｐａｒａｌｙｓｅｄｔｈｅｅｎｔｉｒｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ・Ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ，

ｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｓｔｈｅｙｔｏｏｋｓｈａｐｅｗｅｒｅｍｏｒｅｄｅｍｏｃｒａｔｉｃｔｈａｎｔｈｅｏｌｄｏｎｅｓ・

Ｍｏｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｍｐｅｔｕｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎiｓａｔｉｏｎｃａｍｅｆｒｏｍｂｅｌｏｗ、

ＴｈｅｒｅｉｓｌｉｔｔｌｅｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｉｎｌ８６８・

Nevertheless,ｔｈｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｆｏｒＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎＪｏｈｎＣ・Waterｓ

（DrWaters),forSuperintendentRyanreportedinJanuaryl868thatDrWaters

was‘theHeadFenianExecutivefortheentireprovinceofLeinster’．（26）Ｉｎ

ｔｈｉｓＷａｙｂｙＦｅｂｴｕａｒｙｌ８６８,ｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｙｅａｒａｆｔｅｒＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓ，ｓｄｏｗｎｆａｌｌ，ｔｈｅ

１１

ＬＲ.Ｂ，，ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｎｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｔｏｅｘｉｓｔ

ｉｎｌａｔｅｒｙｅａ鴎．ThoughtheSupremeCouncilrestructureditself,ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎ

ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｎｏｔｉｎｆｕｌｌｓＷｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｈａｌｆｏｆｌ８６８・Ｔｈｅｉｍｐａｉｒｅｄ

ｐｏｓｔ－ｒｉｓｉｎｇｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｓｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄａｔｆｉｒｓｔｉｎｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅｏｆｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅ

ａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｎｌ８６８ａｎｄｌａｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｕｐｔｕrｎｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ

ｉｎｌ８６９ｉｎｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｏｆｒｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｏｆｌ８６７－８ＢｙｌａｔｅＪｕｌｙ

ｌ８６８ＦｅｎｉａｎｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓｄｅｔａｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｔｒｉａｌｕｎｄｅｒtheHabeasCorpusSuspension

Actweｒｅｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄ,ｂｕｔｓｏｍｅｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｌｉｂｅｒａｔｅｄｏｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｏｉｎｇ

ｔｏＡｍｅｒｉｃａ.(27）Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔ,thereleaseoftheprisonersdidnoｔｉｎａｌｌ

ｃａｓｅｓｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｔｈｅｏｒｇanisation,althoughsomeFeniansreleasedfroｍｐｒｉｓｏｎｗｅｒｅ

ｔｏｂｅｍｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅｔｈａｎｐriortotheirarrest.（28〕

ＩｎｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｖｉｖａｌｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｉｎｔｈｅａｕｔｕｍｎｏｆｌ８６８

ｐａｗｎｂｒｏｋｅｒｓ，assistantｓｏｎｃｅｍｏｒｅｔｏｏｋａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔｒｏｌｅ・Ｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｅｒｏｆ

ｔｈｅＤ・Ｍ．Ｐ．reｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｐｒｉｖａｔｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓｉｎｓｍｏｋｉｎｇｓａｌｏｏｎｓ，

ａｔｔｅｎｄｅｄｂｙ‘youngｍｅｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｌａｓｓｏｆｐａｗｎｂｒｏｋｅｒｓ’assistantsandother

Feniansympathizers’ｗａｓｈｅｌｄ.（29）Thisculminatedinthelargeturnouｔａｔｔｈｅ

ｆｕｎｅｒａｌｏｆＷｉｌｌｉａｍＳｈｅｅｄｙ,ａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎ,ｏｎ４０ｃｔｏｂｅｒ・The

processionists，ｎｕｍｂｅｒｉｎｇｆｒｏｍ３,ＯＯＯｔｏ３，３００，ｗｅｒｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｌｙＦｅｎｉａｎ

ｓｙｍｐａｔｈｉｓers(artisansandlabourers〕andsomewerewellknownFenians・Ｔｈｅ

ｐｏｌｉｃｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｏ、ａｓ‘ａｐｒｏｏｆｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｗｅｌｌｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅd

conspiracystillinexistence，．(30）

TheSupremeCounci1,1869-73

Ｂｙｌ８６９ｔｈｅｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｗｅｒｅｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇｆｏｒｔｈｅｂｅｔｔｅｒ・

Ｆｉェｓｔ，inFebruarythegovernmentannouncｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｌｅａｓｅｏｆｆｏｒｔｙ－ｎｉｎｅ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎprisoners，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｆｏｕｒｅｘ－ＤｕｂｌｉｎＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ,ＨｕｇｈＢｒｏｐｈｙ,DenisCashman，

MichaelMooreandJamesO，Connor.(３１〕ＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｘｃｅｐｔｉｏｎｏｆＪａｍｅｓＯ'Connor,ｔｈｅ

ｆｏｒｍｅｒＣｅｎｔｅｒｓｄｉｄｎｏｔｔａｋｅａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔｐａｒｔｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・

Second，ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｉｅｓｄｉｄｎｏｔｒｅｎｅｗｔｈｅＨａｂｅａｓＣｏｒｐｕｓＳｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｏｎＡｃｔｆｉｒｓｔ

introducedinFebruaryl866・ＴｈｅＡｃｔｈａｄｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｅｄｔheFeniansfrom

１２

ｃａｒｒｙｉｎｇｏｕｔｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇａｎｄｆｒｏｍｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｉｎｐｕｂｓ・InMaySuperintendentRyan

wrotethａｔ‘thepropagatorsofFenianismaremoreactiveatpresent’．（32）Ｔｈｉｓ

ｓｔａｇｅｏｆａｆｆａｉｒｓ,someｗｈｅｒｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎａｐａｔｈｙａｎｄａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ，ｉｓｗｅｌｌｓｕｍｍｅｄｕｐｉｎａ

ｐｏｌｉｃｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｏｆ２９Ｊｕｌｙ：

Ｉｆａｎｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｗａｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｏｎｗｈａｔｍａｙｂｅｓｕｐｅｒｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙｈｅａｒｄａｎｄ

ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄ，ａｐｅｒｓｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｓａｙＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍａｓａｎｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｅｆｕｎｃｔ

ｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ,ｂｕｔｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｐｒｉｖａｔｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｃｅｒｔａｉｎｐａｒｔｉｅｓａｒｅ

ｗａｔｃｈｅｄａｎｄｅｎｑｕｉｒｅｄａｆｔｅｒ．．、ａｐｅｒｓｏｎｉｓｆｏｒｃｅｄｔｏａｄｍｉｔｔｈｅ

ｅｘｉｓｔenceofanorganization.(33）

Ｂｙｔｈｅｓｕｍｍｅｒｏｆｌ８６９ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕnｃｉｌｏｆｌ８６８ｗａｓｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｂｙａｎｅｗ

ＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｗｈｉｃｈｓｕｂｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙｄｉｒｅｃｔｅｄｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙｌ８７０ｓ、Ｔｈｅ

ｎｅｗＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｉｓｓｕｅｄｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＡｕｇｕｓｔｌ８６９ａｎｄａｎａｍｅｎｄｅｄ

ｏｎｅｉｎＮａｒｃｈｌ８７３，Ｔｈｅｌ８６９ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｖｅｓｔｅｄａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅ

Ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆｅｌｅｖｅｎｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ；ｓｅｖｅｎｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｓ,ｏｎｅｅａｃｈｆｒｏｍｔｈｅ

ｆｏｕｒｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓ，ｆｒｏｍＩｒｅｌａｎｄａｎｄｔｈｒｅｅｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｉｎｇｎｏｒｔｈ

Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ,ｓｏｕｔｈＥｎｇｌａｎｄａｎｄＳｃｏｔｌａｎｄ；ａｌｌｔｈｅｓｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｓｉｎｔｕｒｎｅlected

fourhonourarymembers.（34）TheSupremeCouncilelectedtheExeｃｕｔｉｖｅ

ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ，ｔｈｅｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙａｎｄｔｈｅｔｒｅａ＆ｕｒｅｒ・Ｅａｃｈｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅ

Ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌｗａｓｅｌｅｃｔｅｄｂｙａｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｆｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｃｔ,ｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｏｆ

ｆｉｖｅｄｅｌｅｇａｔｅｓｃｈｏｓｅｎｂｙＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｉｎａｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ・Ｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍａｄｏｐｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅ

ｌ８６９ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｗａｓｍｕｃｈｌｎｏｒｅｄｅｍｏｃｒａｔｉｃｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｏｆ・ｔｈｅｐｒｅ－ｒｉｓｉｎｇ

ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・Furthermore，ｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｄａｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｆｆｉｖｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ

ｅｌｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｇｏｖｅｒｎｔｈｅｌｏｃａｌｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ,ａｎｄｓｕｃｈ

ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｓｗｅｒｅａｌｓｏｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｃｉｔｉｅｓｏｆＣｏｒｋ,Ｌｉｍｅｒｉｃｋａｎｄ

Ｂｅｌｆａｓｔ･

Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ,ｅａｃｈＦｅｎｉａｎｗａｓｏｂｌｉｇｅｄｔｏｐａｙａｓｕｂｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ

ｔｏｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ、Ｉｔｗａｓｄｅｃｌａｒｅｄｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｔｈａｔｔｈｅａｒｔｉｓａｎｃｌａｓｓｐａｉｄｎｏｔ

ｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎ３ｄａｎｄｔｈｅｌａｂｏｕｒｉｎｇｃｌａｓｓｏｎｅｐｅｎｎｙｂｕｔｔｈａｔｔｈｏｓｅｗｈｏｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏ

１３

paytheirsubScriptionwouldberejected.（35）Thisrequirementundoubtedly

changedthepatternofrecruitment・Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｗｅｒｅｎｏｌｏｎｇｅｒｓｗｏｒｎｉｎ

ｉｎｄｉscriminatelyandanewmemberwasexaminedbeforetakingtheoath.（36）The

structureofthecircleremaineｄｔｈｅｓａｍｅ;ａｃｉｒｃｌｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｏｆ８２０ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ－

ａｎＡ,９Ｂｓ,８１Ｃｓａｎｄ７２９Ｄｓ.(37）UndertheconstitutiontheSupremeCouncil

succeededinunitingallfactionstosomeextentandinDecembeｒｌ８６９Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎ

ＩｒｅｌａｎｄｗｅｒｅｓａｉｄｔｏｂｅＪａｌｍｏｓｔｅｘｃｌｕｓｉｖｅｌｙｃｏｎｆｉｎｅｄtotheSupremeCouncil

party’（38）andtheSupremeCouncilpartymadethelrishmantheirorganto

propagatetheircause・

ＴｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｗａｓａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＡｍｎｅｓｔｙｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｔｏｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｔｓ

ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ､Ｂ・ａｎｄｔｏｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｉｔ・Ｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅ

ＬＲ.Ｂ・andtheAmnestymovementwasverycoｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄ・TheAmnestymovementwas

bynomeansｉｄｅｎｔｉｃａｌｗｉｔｈＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍ,ｆｏｒｎｏｎ－Ｆｅｎｉａｎｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｔｓｌｉｋｅ

Ａ・MSullivan，Liberalsupportersandclergymenjoinedthemovement・Ｈｅｒｅｗｅ

ｅｘａｍｉｎｅｔｈｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｔｈｅＡｍｎｅｓｔｙｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｂｒｉｅｆｌｙ，ＵｎｔｉｌｌａｔｅＪｕｌｙ

ｌ８６８，ｔｈｏｕｑｈｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓｄｅｔａｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｔｒｉａｌｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅＨａｂｅａｓＣｏｒｐｕｓＳｕｓpension

Acthadbeenreleased,ａｂｏｕｔｌＯＯＦｅｎｉａｎｓｗｅｒｅｓｔｉｌｌｈｅｌｄｉｎｐｒｉｓｏｎ、InNovember

l868theAmnestyCommiｔｔｅｅｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｂｙＪｏｈｎＭｃＣｏｒｒｙ,ｗｈｏｄｉｄｎｏｔｂｅｌｏｎｇｔｏ

ｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、，ｂｕｔｔｈｅＡｍｎｅｓｔｙＣｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｗａｓｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｅｄｂｙＦｅｎｉａｎｓ・ＴｈｅＡｍｎｅｓｔｙ

Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａｆｉｎａｎｃｅｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆｔｗｅｌｖｅ－ｆｏｕｒ

ｍｅｎ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇＦｅｎｉａｎｓｓｕｃｈａｓＰａｔｒｉｃｋＥｇａｎａｎｄＴｈomasBracken、ＩｎＤｅｃｅｍｂｅｒＪｏｈｎ

Ｎｏｌａｎ,ａＦｅｎｉａｎ,becameanewhonourarysecretaryoftheAmnestyCommittee，By

earlyFebruaryl869theAmnestyCｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｍｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｍｇｌＯＯ,ＯＯＯ

ｓｉｇｎａｔｕｒｅｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｔｈｏｓｅｏｆｓeveralbishopstorequestthegoverｎｍｅｎｔｔｏ

ｒｅｌｅａｓｅＦｅｎｉａｎｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓ、Ｉｎｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ，ｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｴｎｍｅｎｔｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄｒｏｚｔｙ－ｎｉｎｅ

ＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙｌ８６９・ＩｎｔｈｅｍｅａｎｔｉｍｅｔｈｅＡｍｎｅｓｔｙｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｐｌｉｔ,ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ

ｏｆｔｒｏｕｂｌｅｗｈｉｃｈａｒｏｓｅｏｖｅｒmoney，ｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｇｒｏｕｐｓ，theAmnestyCommitteeand

theAmneStyAssociation;andeffectiveleadershipoftheAmnestymovement

passedtothelatterｂｏｄｙ・ＩｓａａｃＢｕｔｔａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｃｙｏｆｔｈｅＡmnesty

AssociationandJohnNolanactedasitshonourarysecretary.（39）

１４

Ｉｎｔｈｅｓｕｍｍｅｒａｎｄａｕｔｕｍｎｏｆｌ８６９ｔｈｅＡｍｎｅｓｔｙＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｈｅｌｄｐｕｂｌｉｃ

ｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆａｐｐｅａｌｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｔｏｒｅｌｅａｓｅｔｈｅ

ｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇＦｅｎｉａｎｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓ・ＩｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｔｗｏｌａｒｇｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓｗｅｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｄ,ｏｎｅ

ａｔｌｎｃｈｉｃｏｒｅｏｎ２６Ｓｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ，ｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒａｔＣａｂｒａｏｎｌＯＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ；ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ

ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔａｃｒｏｗｄｎｕｍｂｅｒｉｎｇｆｒｏｍ３５，ＯＯＯｔｏ４０,０００ｇａｔｈｅｒｅｄａｔＩｎｃｈｉｃｏｒｅ

ａｎｄ２００,ＯＯＯａｔＣａｂｒａ.（40）PeopleresidingiIrlDublinalsoattendedmeetingsin

theneighbouringcounties,suchasDundalk,LongfordandKilkenny.（４１）Ｔｈｅ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｗｈｏｈａｄｂｅｅｎｓｕｃｃｅｓｆｕｌｉｎｍｏｂｉｌｉｓｉｎｇａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐｅｏｐｌｅｉｎｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ

ｏｆａｍｎｅｓｔｙａｐｐｅａｒｔｏｈａｖｅｒｅｄｏｕｂｌｅｄｔｈｅｉｒＦｅｎｉａｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ・Ｔｈｉｓｉｓ

ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔendentRyan,ｓａｙｉｎｇｉｎｅａｒｌｙＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｔｈａｔｔｈｅ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓ‘ｒｅｓｏｌｖｅｄｎｏｔｔｏｈｏｌｄａｎｙｍｏｒｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓ,ｏｒａｄｏｐｔａｎｙｏｔｈｅｒｍｅａｓｕｒｅ

ｅｘｃｅｐｔｐｈysicalforce’．（４２）Indeed,theAmnestymovement,especiallyitsmeetings，

provideｄａｆｏｃａｌｐｏｉｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓ,ａｎｄｆａｖｏｕｒａｂｌｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅ

ＳupremeCouncil’ｓｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ､Ｂ・Ｔｏｗａｒｄｓｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆ

Ｎｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ８６９ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｎｔＲｙａｎｗａｓｉｎｆｏｍｅｄｔｈａｔ‘ｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｓｏｍｅｏｆ

ｔｈｅｏｌｄＦｅｎｉａｎｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｄｉｓｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｄａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅＴａｌｌａｇｈtstampedeare

reorganized,ａｎｄpresidedoverbywellknownFenians’．（４３〕Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｗａｙｔｈｅ

ＡｍｎｅｓｔｙｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｏｔｂｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＳupremeCouncil’ｓ

ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｌ・ＲＢ・

ＩｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ８６９ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄｔｈｅｎａｍｅｓｏｆｎｉｎｅｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎ

Ｄｕｂｌｉｎ,ｂｕｔｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔｗｈｅtｈｅｒｏｒｎｏｔｔｈｅsemenwereCentres

exceptinthecaseofJosephTomkins’．（４４）

Ｔａｂｌｅ４ＰｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎNovemberl869

Name

ThomasBKacken

EdwardCarey

ThoｍａｓＣｏｘ

ＰａｔｒｉｃｋＥｇａｎ

Ｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎ

ｔａｉｌｏｒ

ｈａｒｄｗａｒｅｄｅａｌｅｒ'sassistant

drapers，assistant(McSwiney&ＣＯ.）

clerk,ａｃｏｒｎａｎｄｆｌｏｕｒｓｔｏｒｅ

１５

bogoakshop

drapers，assistant(Arnott）

JohnO，C1ohissey

Salmon

JosephTomkins

WiｌｌｉａｍＬｙｏｎｓ ｃｌｅｒｋ

Total9

Sources:ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，l9Nov､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,4956R);ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔ

ＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，２９Nov､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Fpapers,5086Ｒｏｎ５１７４Ｒ）．

ThreenamesareabsentfromTable3,ｓｅｌｌｉｎｇｏｕｔｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅ

ａｕｔｕｍｎｏｆｌ８６７、ObviouslytheCentresengagedatthａｔｔｉｍｅｉｎｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｉｎｇｔｈｅ

ＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｈａｄｎｏｗｂｅｅｎｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄｂｙｎｅｗＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ・IIoreover,onlytwo

releasedDublinCentres,JohnＯ'Clohissey（arrestedinSeptemberl865）and

JosephTomkins（arrestedinMarchl867）resumedtheirroleasprominentFenians・

Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ,ＷｉｌｌｉａｍＬｙｏｎｓｈｅｌｄｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎ

ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・Thecommunicationsystemwithotheｒｐａｒｔｓｏｆｌｒｅｌａｎｄ,Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎａｎｄ

Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｗａｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅ。:ＪｏｈｎＯ'Ｃ１ｏｈｉｓｓｅｙｔｏｏｋａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒｔｉｎ

commuｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈＬｏｎｄｏｎ,ManchesterandLiverpool；ThomasBrackenhadchElrgeof

commuｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈＥｎｇｌａｎｄａｎｄＡｍｅｒｉｃａ;Ｓａｌｍｏｎｗａｓａｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｆｉｇｕｒｅｉｎ

ｃｏｐｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒｅｓｔｏｆIreland、Thesemennodoubtwerecentral

figuｒｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・

ＴｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｐｐｅａｒｓｔｏｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎconvincedthattheAmnestymovemeｎｔ

ｗｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂｅｃｏｍｐａｔｉｂｌｅｗｉｔｈＦｅｎｉanorthodoxy、InJanuaryl870theSupreme9

CouｎｃｉｌｄｅｃｉｄｅｄｎｏｔｔｏｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｅｕｕｉththeAmnestymovement，issuinganaddress

adoptedatmeetiｎｇｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｎ２７ａｎｄ２９Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒｌ869.（45）Intheaddress

theSupremeCounciｌｃｏｎｆｉｒｍｅｄｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｏｒｔｈｏｄｏｘｙｏｆｇａｉｎｉｎｇｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｂｙ

ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｆｏｒｃｅ,ｏｒｄｅｒｉｎｇｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｔｏｒｅｆｒａｉｎｆｒｏｍｔａｋｉｎｇｐａｒｔｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｉｎ

ｐａＺ１ｉａｍｅｎｔａryelections,butinallpublicdemonstrations．（４６〕Thischangemay

havecomefromthequarterrepresentedbyFeniandiscreｄｉｔｅｄｉｎｌ８６７,ａｎｄｗｈｏ

ｎｏｗｓｏｕｇｈｔｔｏｂｉｄｆｏｒｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｂｙａｎａｄｖｏｃａｃｙｏｆｍｏｒｅｈａｒｄｌｉｎｅａｃｔｉｏｎ．

１６

ｌｎｔｈｅｓｅｃｉｒｃｕｍｓｔａｎｃｅｓｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏrganisationundertheSupremeCouncil

developed、ＩｎＭａｒｃｈｌ８７０,ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｆｕｎｅｒａｌｏｆＪ.Ｋ・Casey,ａｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｏｒｔｏｔｈｅ

ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｐｒｅｓｓ，ｔｏｏｋｐｌａｃｅ,ThomasBrackenandJohnO，Clohisseywereconspicuous

intheaffair.（47）IntheDublinorganisationofthesumｍｅｒｏｆｌ８７０Ｊｏｈｎ

Ｏ，SheaemergedasthemostactiveCe､tre.（48）Moreover,whenthe

Franco-PrussianwarbrokeｏｕｔｉｎＪｕｌｙ,ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｗｈｏｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅ

ｗａｒｗｏｕｌｄｓｐａｒｋｏｆｆａＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔａｎｄｔｈａｔＥｎｇｌａｎｄｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ，

werereportedtobe‘deteminedtoworkharderthanever，．（49〕

Ｉｎｔｈｅａｕｔｕｍｎｏｆｌ８７０ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕnｃｉｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄａｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｃｒｉｓisbythe

revivaloftheStephensparty,sofarstagnant.(５０）ThecircumstancesinFmnce

-FｪａｎｃｅｅｎｔｅｒｉｎｇｗａｒａｇａｉｎｓｔＰｒｕｓｓｉａｉｎＪｕｌｙａｎｄｔｈｅｅｍｅｒｇｅｎｃｅｏｆＲｅｐｕｂｌｉｃａｎ

ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｉｎＦｒａｎｃｅｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｌｌａｐｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＥｍｐｉｒｅｉｎｅａｒｌｙＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒｌ８７０－

ｇａｖｅｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓｔｏＳｔｅｐhｅｎｓｉｎｅｘｉｌｅｉｎＦｒａｎｃｅｗｈｏｈｏｐｅｄｔｏｒｅｇａｉｎｔｈｅ

ｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｏｆｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ､Ｂ、ＮｏｓｏｏｎｅｌＥｈａｄｔｈｅｎｅｗｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｗａｒreachedlreland

thansympathyforFrancewasexpressedbyalargecrowdｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ.(５１）Stephens

elttemptedtoexertactivｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｎＩｒｉｓｈｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ,ｂｙｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇａｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌ

ｆｉｇｕｒｅｉｎｅｎｌｉｓｔｉｎｇＦｒｅｎｃｈｓｙｍｐａｔｈｙ、However,Stephｅｎｓｗａｓｎｏｔｉｎａｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｔｏ

ｂｒｉｎｇｔｈｅmovementtoshowsympathyunderhisdirectionforFrance．(52）

ＷｈｅｎRepublicangovernmentinFrancewaｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎｅａｒｌｙＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ

ｌ８70,StephenｓｅｍｅｒｇｅｄａｓａｍｅｄｉａｔｏｒｔｏｄｒａｗｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＦｒｅｎｃｈｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｃａｎ

ｐａｒｔｙ、ＳｅｖｅｒａｌＦｅｎｉａｎｓｗｈｏｈａｄｂｅｅｎｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅ

ｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｏｆＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｄｔｏｈｉｓｃａｌｌ；ｔｈｅｙｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ

ＪａｍｅｓＯ'ＣｏｎｎｏｒａｎｄＪｏｈｎＯ，Ｃｌｏｈｉｓｓｅｙ,ｂｏｔｈｏｆｗｈｏｍｈａｄｂｅｅｎＤｕｂｌｉｎＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｉｎ

ｌ８65,ａｎｄＤａｖｉｄＭｕｒｐｈｙａｎｄＪｏｓｅｐｈＨａｎｌｅｙｏｒｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈｍａｎ,ＭａｒｔｉｎＨａｎｌｅｙＣａｒｅｙａｎｄ

JohnDelaney、ＴｗｏｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓｗｅｒｅｈｅｌｄｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｉｎＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ・About

twenty-fivemen，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇａＬｌｌｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｉｎＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒ，ｇａｔｈｅｒｅｄａｔｔｈｅ

ｆｉｒｓｔｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｗｈｅrealetterfromStephenswasread.（53）Atanothermeetinga

letterfromStephenssuggestingthatStephenswouldsecuresuppoｒｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅ

Ｆｒｅｎｃｈｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｃａｎｐａｒｙｗａｓｒｅａｄ,ａｎｄｔｗｏｐｅｒｓｏｎｓｗｅＺｅｃｈｏｓｅｎａｓａｇｅｎｔｓｔｏ

ｒｅｃｏｎｃｉｌｅｔｈｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｐａｒｔｙｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｐａｒｔｙａｎｄｔhｅｐａｒｔｙｏｆＦｒ

１７

Mullenpwhohadhisownindependentｂｏｄｙ.〔54）Stephensappearstohavehoped

bothｔｏｕｎｉｔｅｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｐａｒｔｙａｎｄＦｒＭｕｌｌｅｎ'ｓｐａｒｔｙｕｎｄｅｒｈｉｓ

ｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉＰａｎｄｒｅｔurnthemovementintohisdlcLaCorsｈｉｐａｓｂｅｆｏｒｅｈｉｓ

ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎＤｅｃｅmberl866・ＢｕｔｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｐａｒｔｙａｎｄＦｒＭｕｌｌｅｎ,ｓ

ｐａｒｔｙｒｅｆｕｓｅｄｔｏｍａｋｅａｃｏｍｐｒｏｍｉｓｅｗｉｔｈＳｔｅｐhensanddidnotofferany

authorityｔｏｈｉｍ.(55）Subsequently,theSupremeCouncilpartyandtheStｅｐｈｅｎｓ

ｐａｒｔｙｓｔａｒｔｅｄｑｕａｒｒｅｌｌｉｎｇｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｈｅｇｅｍｏｎｙｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・Ｔｈｉｓｈａｍｐｅｒｅｄｔｈｅ

ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍａｎｄｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｙｌｏｗｅｒｅｄｍｏｒａｌｅ，However,ｂｙＤｅｃｅｍｂｅｒｌ８７０

ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｒｅｇａｉｎｅｄｔｈｅｉｒａscendancyintheLR.Ｂ・hecauseinternal

quarrelswithintheStephenspartyleftitdividedhopelessly.(56）

ＴｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｓｔａｒｔｅｄｔｏｒｅｐａｉｒｔｈｅｄａｍａｇｅｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓ

ｐａｒｔｙ・ＩｎＩＩａｒｃｈｌ８７１ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｐｐｅａｒｓｔｐｈａｖｅａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙｅｎｇａｇｅｄｉｎ

ｕｎｉｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｆａｃｔｉｏｎｓ・AccordｉｎｇｔｏＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｎｔＲｙａｎ,Ｆｅｎｉａｎｌｅａｄｅｒｓ

ｐｌａｎｎｅｄ‘ｔｏｕｎｉｔｅｔｈｅｒｉｖａｌｆａｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＦｅｎｉａnｓ，ｅｉｔｈｅｒｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｏｌｄｎａｍｅｏｆ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓ,ｏｒｔｏａｄｏｐｔｔｈｅｎｅｗｔｉｔｌｅｏｆｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅdIrishmeTl,．（57）Subsequently，

ｎｅｗｌｅａｄｅｒｓａｐｐｅａｒｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ；

Ｐｕｒｃｅｌｌｐｒｏｐｒｉｅｔｏｒｏｆａｇｒｏceryestablishment

NcLevy〔Levy）ｓｋｉｎ８１ｈｉｄｅｔｒａｄｅ

ＭｃＧｒａｔｈｈａｒｄＷａｒｅman'ｓａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔ

ＭｃＣａｒｔｈｙｌｒｏｎｍｏｎｇｅｒ

Ｍｕｌｄｏｏｎ

Ｉｔｗｏｕｌｄａｐｐｅａｒｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｍａｄｅａｓｏｒｔｏｆａｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｗｈｉｃｈｈａｄａｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙ・Levy

afterwardsbecamearepresentａｔｉｖｅｆｏｒＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉＬ

Ｓｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｄｉｄｎｏｔｇｉｖｅｕｐｈｏｐｅｉｎｓｐｉｔｅｏｆｔｈｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅｉｎｌ８７０・ＩｎＪａｎｕａｒｙｌ８７１

ｔｈｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｐａｒｔｙａｔｔｅｍｐｔｅｄｔｏｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｔｈｅｉｒｂｏｄｙｂｙｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｕpa

committeeconsistingofsixmembers,perhapslocatedinDublin.（５８）Ａｂｏｕｔｔｈｒｅｅ

ｍｏｎｔｈｓｌａｔｅｒａｎａｇｅｎｔｏｆＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄｔｈｅｄｉｆｔｉｃｕｌｔｙｏｆｉｍｐａｉｒｉｎｇｔｈｅ

ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｐａｒｔｙｏｖｅｒｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、ａｎｄｏｆｂｒｉｎｇｉｎｇｔｈｅ

ＬＲ．Ｂ、、ｕｎｄｅｒｈｉｓｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ・ＡｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅａｇＩｅｎｔ，ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｈａｄ

ｔｈｅ‘nationaljoumal’一probablythelrishman-topromotetheircause,ａｎｄ

１８

throughtheAmnestyAssociation,ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｍｏｎｅｙｔｏｓｅｌｌｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｒｉｆles

andrevolverssatacomparativeｌｙｌｏｗｐｒｉｃｅｓ．（５９）InthesummeroE1871the

SupremeCouｎｃｉｌｍａｄｅｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｔｏｃｏｎｃｉｌｉａｔｅｔｈｅStephenｓＰａｒｔｙａｎｄｔｏｆｏｒｍａ

ｕｎｉｔｅｄｂｏｄｙ、ＩｎｅａｒｌｙＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒｌ８７１ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔ

`ｇｒｅａｔｅｘｅｒｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｎｏｗｂｅｉｎｇｍａｄｅｔｏｕｎｉｔｅｔｗｏｐａｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＢｒｏｔｈｅｒｈｏｏｄin

lreland’．（60）ＴｈｅsameeffortswerealsomadeinDubliｎ．TheStephens

partyinitiatednegotｉａｔｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｐａｒｔｙｂｕｔｔｏｗａｒｄｓｔｈｅ

ｅｎｄｏｆＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒｔｈｅｉｒａｔｔｅｍｐｔｗａｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄａｓａｆａｉｌｕｒｅ、Ｄｉｓｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄｂｙ

ｔｈｉｓｔｕｒｎｏｆｅｖｅｎｔｓ，ｉｎＯｃｔｏｂｅｒｌ８７１ｔｈｅａｄｈｅｒｅｎｔｓｏｆＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｉｎＫｉｎｇｓｔｏｗｎ－

ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｅｖｉｄenceabouttheirnumber-convertedｔｏｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ

ｐａｒｔｙ・Ａｔｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｌ８７１ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｐａｒｔｙｓｗａｌｌｏｗｅｄｕｐｗｈａｔｗａｓ

ｌｅｆｔｏｆaStephenspartyinDublin．（６１）

Ｄｕｒｉｎｇｌ８７１ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｄｉｄｎｏｔｅｘｐｅｒienceanyserious

setback(62〕ａｎｄundertheSupremeCouncildevelopeｄｔｏｓｕｃｈａｎｅｘｔｅｎｔｔｈａｔｉｎ

Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ７,Ｏ５０ｍｅｎｅｘｉｓｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｌｏｎ・Thlsfiqureprobably

representsthepeakofthepost-1867risingmoveｍｅｎｔｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ．（63）Ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇｏｆ

ａｃｙｃｌｉｃａｌｐａｔｔｅｒｎｅｘｉｓｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｖｅｎｅｎｔｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｙｅａｒｓ:ａ

ｐｏｓｔ－ｒｉｓｉｎｇｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｉｎｌ８６７－８ｗａｓｏｆｆｓｅｔｂｙｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｉｎｌ８６８，ａｎｄａｓｕｓｔａｉｎｅｄ

ｐｈａｓｅｏｆｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｔｏｌ８７ＬＵｎｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｅｌｙｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｌｉｔｔｌｅｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅ

ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆＣｅｎｔｒｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｃｉｒｃｌｅｓ・Ｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｌ８７１ｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ

ｏｆａｄｏｗｎｗａｒｄｐｈａｓｅ：ｉｎｌ８７２ａｎｄｌ８７３ｄｉｓｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏ、ｔｏｏｋｐｌａｃｅｉｎｔｈｅ

Ｄｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・ＯｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｍｏｒｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｌｅｆｔｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｎ

ｊｏｉｎｅｄｉｔ・BesidesnoableandprominentCentrｅｓ,ｗｉｔｈａｍａｒｋｅｄｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ

ｔｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｐeople,ｅｍｅｒｇｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ、

ＡｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄｔｏｈｏｌｄｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓｉｎｐｕｂｓ,ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅ

ｉｓｎｏｔｍｕｃｈｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓ，Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｋｅｐｔｔｈｅｉｒｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓ

ａｓｓｅｃｒｅｔａｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏａｖｏｉｄｐｏｌｉＣｂａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ、ＩｎＪｕｎｅｌ８６９ｔｈｅ

ｐｏｌｉｃｅｗｒｏｔｅｔｈａｔｔｈeFeniansdidnotrecruitnewmemberｓａｔｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓａｎｄ

ｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｄｉｄｎｏｔ‘ｄｏａｓｉｎｇｌｅａｃｔｔｈａｔｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇｓｔａteoftheLaw

Wouldrenderthemliabｌｅｔｏａｒｒｅｓｔ,．(64）Thefollowmgelevenpubsemergedas

１９

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｐｕｂｓｆｒｏｍｌ８６７ｔｏｌ８７１．

Ｔａｂｌｅ５Ｆｅｎｉａｎｐｕｂｓ，１８６７－７１

Byrne'ｓ Ｄｏｌｌｙｍｏｕｎｔ

Ｃｒｏｍｉｅｎ，ｓ ＳｏｕｔｈＧｒｅａｔＧｅｏｒｇｅＳｔ

Ｄｏｎｎｅｌｌｙ，ｓ ＨｏｌｌｅｓＳｔ

Ｌａｉｒｄ'ｓｏｎｔｈｅｂａｃｋｒｏａｄｔｈｅＰｈｏｅｎｉｘＰａｒｋ

ＭｃＧｕａｒｄｎ,s HarmonyRow

Meleady'ｓ ＡｂｂｅｙＳｔ

Ｒｏｒｋｅ'ｓ ＨｉｇｈＳｔ

ＯＤｏｎｏｇｈｕｅＴａｖｅｒｎ ＡｂｂｅｙＳｔ

ｄＲｏｒｋｅ's mTheCoombe

Porter'ｓ ４２ＨｅｎｒｙＳｔ

Ｓｅｘｔｏｎ'ｓ Ｓｔｌｌｌｏｒｇａｎ

Sources:ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，ｌ９ＮｏｖＪ８６７(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ,1867/20362）;ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏ

Ｃ・Ｐ．，３０Ｎｏｖ､1867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1867/20888）;ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ.，２２Ａｐｒ､1868

（Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,2388Ｒ）;ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，２８Ｊａｎ､１８７０（Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，F

papers,5619R);ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，l3Julyl871(Ｃ､ｓｏ.，Ｒ・Ｐ､1871／l3191

onl871／14460）;ActingSuptMallontoC・Ｐ．，３０ｃｔ､１８７１(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers，

7717Ｒｏｎ７７４７Ｒ);Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，ＲＰ・’881/6856.

ＯｎｌｙＣｒｏｍｉｅｎ'ｓｗａｓａｐｕｂｔｏｗｈｉｃｈＦｅｎｉａｎｓｒｅｓｏｒｔｅｄｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ,ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅ

ｏｔｈｅｒｓａｐｐｅａｒｅｄａｓＦｅｎｉａｎｐｕｂｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｉｍｅ・

Ｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｗｅｈａｖｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｎｌｙｏｎｔｗｏｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎｓａｂｏｕｔｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇ－

ｉｎＡｐｒｉｌｌ８６９ａｎｄｉｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ１８７０．ＩｔｗａｓｎｏｔｕｎｔｉｌＡｐｒｉｌｌ８６９ｔｈａｔｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ

ｓｅｃｕｒｅｄｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｂｙｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓ・Ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｔｈｅ

ｅｘｐｉｒｙｏｆｔｈｅＨａｂｅａｓＣｏｒｐｕｓＳｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｏｎＡｃｔｇａｖｅｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓｔｏｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓ・

InAprill869thepolicewereinformｅｄｔｈａｔａｔ‘Nolloy'ｓＦｉｅｌｄｓ'（ａｆｉｅｌｄｎｅａｒ

２０

Crumlm）ａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｙｏｕｎｇｍｅｎｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｃityhadassembledon

Sundays.（65）SomepolicemenweredispatchedtoMolloy，ｓＦｉｅｌｄｓａｎｄｔｈｅｙ

ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｔｈｒｅｅｏｒｆｏｕｒｍｅｎｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｒｅ,ｗｈｏｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｓｅｄｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ,ａｎｄｇａｖｅａ

ｓｉｇｎａｌｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ・Ｓｕｂｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇａｔ

Ｍｏｌｌｏｙ，ｓＦｉｅｌｄｓ，ＰｅｒｈａｐｓｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｇａｖｅｕｐｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇｔｈｅｒｅａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ

ｐａｉｄａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈａｔｐｌａｃｅ、ＩｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ８７０Ｃｈｉｅｆ

ＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｎｔＲｙａｎｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｗｏｕｌｄｅｎｇａｇｅｓｏｍｅ

ｈｏｕｓｅｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｗｉｎｔｅｒ・Ａｗｅｅｋｌａｔｅｒｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ

ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｔｗｏｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｑｒｏｏｍｓｏｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｉＬｙａｎｄｏｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈ

ｓｉｄｅｒｅｓpectively.（66）

ＩｎＪａｎｕａｒｙｌ８７０ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅnｔＲｙａｎｃｌａｉｍｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｈａｄｍｏｒｅ

ａｒｍｓｔｈａｎｔｈｅｙｈａｄｈａｄｂｅｆｏｒｅ.（６７）AndinDecemberl870theDublinorga、isation

wasreportedtohave763rifles（２６１ｎｅｗｏｎｅｓａｎｄ５０２ｏｌｄｏｎｅｓ）andl880

revolvers.（６８）TheDublinorganisationimportedarmsfromagentsmEngland、

ＵｎｔｉｌｔｈｅｓｅｉｚｕｒｅｏｆａｇｒｅａｔｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆａｒｍｓａｔｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈＷａｌｌｉｎＭａｒｃｈａｎｄ

Ａｐｒｉｌｌ８７０,ＦｅｎｉａｎａｇｅｎｔｓｉｎＥｎｇｌａｎｄｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｌｎｓｅｎｄｉｎｇａｍＩｓｔｏＩｒｅｌａｎｄ・

ArthurＦｏｒｒｅｓｔｅｒａｆｔｅｒＯｃｔｏｂｅｒｌ８６７ｂｅｃａｍｅａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔａｒｍｓａｇｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅ

ＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｏｆＥｎｇｌａｎｄ，ｂｕｙｉｎｇａｒｍｓｉｎＢｉｒｍｉｎｇｈａｍａｎｄ

ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｌｎｇｔｈｅｍａｍｏｎｇＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎＬａｎｃａｓｈｉｒｅｏｒｅｘｐｏｒｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｔｏｌｒｅｌａｎｄ．

Ａ､ｏｔｈｅｒａｂｌｅａｇｅｎｔｗａｓＭｉｃｈａｅｌＤａｖｉｔｔ,whosucceededRicardO'ＳｕｌｌｉｖａｎＢｕｒｋｅａｓ

ａｒｍｓａｇｅｎｔｆｏｒＥｎｇlandandScotlandinlatｅ1868.（69）

ＩｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ,ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ，ｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅｄａｂｒｅｅｃｈｒｉｆｌｅａｔ

４５ｓａｎｄａｍｕｚＺｌｅｌｏａｄｉｎｇＩｒｉｆｌｅａｔｌ５ｓ.（70〕JohnWoodhouse(orWoodbyrne)，

Ｐ・ＣｌａｒｋｅａｎｄＷ､Ｍｏｒｇａｎａｐｐｅａｒｔｏｈａｖｅａｃｔｅｄａｓａｇｅｎｔｓｒｅｃｅｉｖｉｎｇａｒｍｓｉｎ

Ｄｕｂｌｉｎ.（７１）ItwasshownuponindisputableevidencethatMorganreceived

arms，ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｏｂｔａｉｎｆｕｌｌｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅａｇａｉｎｓｔｔｗｏｏｔｈｅｒｓ、Ｉｎ

Ｊａｎｕａｒｙｌ８７０ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄａｃａｓｅａｔｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈＷａｌｌｆｒｏｍＲ．＆Ｊ・Ｋｅａｔｉｎｇ

ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＤｅａｌｅｒｓ＆ＣＯ．，Ｂｉｒｍｉｎｇｈａｍ，ｔｏＭｒｓＫｅｎｎｅｄｙｇｒｏｃｅｒａｔ９ＳｈｅｒｉｆｆＳｔ

ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｔｗｏｂｒｅｅｃｈｌｏａｄｉｎｇｒｉｆｌｅｓ,ｏｎｅ画ｕｚｚｌｅｌｏａｄｉｎｇｒｉｆｌｅａｎｄｆｏｕｒ

ｓｉｘ－ｃｈａｍｂｅｒｒｅｖｏｌｖｅｒｓ・ＣｈｉｅｒＳｕｐｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｎｔＲｙａｎｗｒｏｔｅｔｈａｔｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｃａｓｅ

２１

hadbeenconsignedtoMrsKennedywhｏｓｅｄｅａｄｈｕｓｂａｎｄｗａｓａＦｅｎｉａｎ，thereceiver

hadbeenMMorgan.(72）

Ａｂｏｕｔｔｗｏｍｏｎｔｈｓｌａｔｅｒｏｎ３１ＭａｒｃｈａｎｄｌＡｐｒｉｌｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅａｔｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈＷａｌｌ

discoveredsixcasesorcaskscontainingtwenty-fourbreechloading

rｉｆｌｅｓ,ｎｉｎｅｔｅｅｎｍｕｚｚｌｅｌｏａｄｉｎｇｒｉｆｌｅｓａｎｄthirteenrevolｖｅｒｓ，Thesecases

shouldhavebeensentnoｔｔｏｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｌｏｎｂｕｔｔｏｔｈｅｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｉａｌ

ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ；ｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅｃｏｎｓｉｇｎｅｄｔｏＭｒｓＣｅｃｉｌｉａＨｉｇｇｉｎｓｏｆＮｅｗｐｏｒｔ,Nessrs

NcDonnellofTuam,ＭｒＪｏｈｎＦｌａｎｎｅｒｙｏｆＢａｌｌａｑｈｄｅｒｅｅｎ,ＭｒＪｏｈｎＪａｍｅｓＷｈｉｔｅｏｆ

ＬｏｎｄｏｎＢｅｒｇｉｎ'ｓＨｏｔｅｌ，Ａｔｈｌｏｎｅ,ＭｉｓｓＭａｒｇａｒｅｔＤｅｌｍｅｙｒｅofCastlereaandNr

RichardCunninghamofMainStBoylerespectively.(７３）ＩｔｗａｓＭｉｃｈａｅｌＤａｖｉｔｔｗｈｏ

ｓｅｎｔｔｈｉｓｃonsignmenttolreland,ｂｕｔｈｅｗａｓａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄｏｎｌ４Ｍａｙｌ８７０.(74）Ｔｈｅｓｅ

ｓｅｉｚｕｒｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅａｒｒｅｓｔｏｆＤａｖｉｔｔｓｅｅｍｔｏｈａｖｅｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｉｌｙｈａｌｔｅｄｔｈｅ

ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｒｍｓｆｒｏｍＥｎｇｌａｎｄ・ＪｏｈｎＯ'Sheａ,ａＤｕｂｌｉ、Ｃｅｎｔｒｅ,ｗｈｏｗａｓｋｎｏｗｎｔｏ

ｈａｖｅＥ３４ｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｇｅｔｔｉｎｇａｒｍｓ,ｗａｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄａｓｓａｙｉｎｇｔｈａｔ‘ｈｅｗｏｕｌｄ

ｂｅｂｅｔｔｅｒｐｌｅａｓｅｄｔｏｔｈｒｏｗｉｔｉｎｔｈｅＬｉｆｆｅｙｔｈａｎｂｕｙｄｒｍｓｔｏｂｅｓｅｉzed

bytheauthorities，．（７５）

ＩｎｓｐｉｔｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｉｚｕｒｅｏｆａｒｍｓａｎｄｔｈｅａｍｅｓｔｏｆＭｉｃｈａｅｌＤａｖｉＬｔ,Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓ

ｒｅｓｕｍｅｄｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎａｒmｓｆｒｏｍＥｎｇｌａｎｄ・ＩｎＪｕｌｙｌ８７０ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ

ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｓｏｍｅｒｉｆｌｅｓａｎｄｒｅｖｏｌｖｅｒｓｈａｄｂｅｅｎｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｒｅｄｉｎｔｏｔhe

country.（76）Ａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅａｕｔｕｍｎｏｆｌ８７０ＰａｔｒｉｃｋＥｇａｎａｎｄＪｏｈｎＭｕｌｌｅｎｗｅｒｅｓａｉｄ

ｔｏａｃｑｕｉｒｅｌａｒｇｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｒｅｖｏｌｖｅｒｓ，thoughtｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒ

ｔｈｅｍ.(77）ThoughsomearmswereseizedattheNorthWall,ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｄｉｄｎｏｔ

ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒａｎｙｌａｒｇｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙｏｆａｒｍｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ・Ｔｈｉｓｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｉｎｔｏｔｏｓｕｑｇｅｓｔｓ

ｔｈａｔｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｌｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｂｅｔｔｅｒａｒｍｅｄｔｈａｎｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ．

ＴｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ

ｌｎＭａｒｃｈｌ８７３ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｉｓｓｕｅｄａｎａｍｅｎｄｅｄｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｎｇ

ａｒａｄｉｃａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｙｔｏｗａｒｄｓｔｈｅｃonstitutionalmovements,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ

ｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ・ＴｈｅａｄｄｒｅｓｓｐｒｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ｇｉｖｅ‘supportto

everymovementcalculateｄｔｏａｄｖａｎｃｅｔｈｅcauseoflrishlndependence，．（７８〕

２２

ＰｒｏｂａｂｌｙｂｙｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｉｓｓｕｅｄｔｈｅａｄｄｒｅｓｓ,ｍａｎｙＦｅｎｉａｎｓ,ａｓｗｅ

ｓｈａｌｌｓｅｅ,ｗｅｒｅｔａｋｉｎｇｐａｒｔｍｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅment,andtheSupremeCouncil

thoughtthaｔｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｉｎｇｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍovement，ｔｈｅｙｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｈａｌｔ

ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｄｉｓｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ，Ｔｈｅｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｗｏｕｌｄａｌｓｏｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｔｈｅｌａｃｋ

ｏｆｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｏｒＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓ，ｓｓｔａｎｃｅｏｒｐｏｌｉｃｙ・ＩｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ８７３ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅ

ＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｐｐｒｏｖｅｄｄｉｖｅｒｇｅｎｃｅｆｒｏｍＦｅｎｉａｎｏｒｔｈｏｄｏｘｙａｎｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅ

ＬｅａｇｕｅｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｂｙｌｓａａｃＢｕｔｔ－Ｔ.Ｗ・ＭｏｏｄｙｃａｌｌｅｄｔｈｉｓｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔＮｅｗＤｅｐａrture．

(７９）ＴｈｉｓｍａｒｋｓａｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔｉｎｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・becausetheorganisatｉｏｎ

ｈａｄｎｅｖｅｒｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｂｅｆｏｒｅ、Ｔｈｉｓｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ

ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄｕｎｔｉｌｌ８７６ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｄｅｃｉｄｅｄｔｏｗｉｔｈｄｒａｗｆｒｏｍ

ｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅmovement,subsequentlysomemembersoftheSuｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ

ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｍｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｗｅｒｅｐｕｒｇｅｄｆｒｏｍｉｔ・

Ｔｈｅｒｉｓｅｏｆｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｏｒｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｔｔｈｉｓｔｉｍｅｗａｓ

ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ・ＷｈｅｎｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｈａｄｆｌｏｕｒｉｓｈｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄ－ｌ８６０ｓ,ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌ

ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｈａｄｂｅｅｎａｔａｌｏｗｅｂｂ・Ｉｔｓｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙｌ８７０ｓｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｂｏｔｈ

ｔｈｅｒｉｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｎａｎｄａｆｔｅｒｌ８７０,ａｎｄｔｈｅｃｈａｎｇｅｍ

ｅｌｉｇｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｆｏｒｖｏｔｉｎｇ，ｗｈｉｃｈｗｉｄｅｎｅｄｍｏｄｅｓｔｌｙｂｕｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｔｈｅｆｒanchise・

ＩｔｗａｓｔｈｅｓｅｔｗｏｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｕｎｉｓｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｃｏｍｐｅｔｅｄｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｔｏｔａｋｅ

ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｏｆｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｔｏｃｏｎｃｅｄｅｉｎｌ８７３ｔｈｅｖａｌｉｄｉｔｙｆｏｒ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｏｆｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｍ・

ＨｏｗｍａｎｙＦｅｎｉａｎｓｃｏｕｌｄｖｏｔｅｉｎｔｈｅｌ８70ｓ？Ａ５０ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｒｉｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｂｏｒｏｕｇｈ

ｅｌｅｃｔｏｒａｔｅｗａｓｄｕｅｌｅｓｓｔｏｔｈｅｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｆｒａｎｃｈｉｓｅｔｈａｎｔｏａｃｈａｎgein

boundaries.（８０）Ｔｈｅｌ８６８ＲｅｆｏｒｍＡｃｔｒｅｄｕｃｅｄｔｈｅｑｕａｌificationofrated

occupiersfromｆ８ｔｏｏｖｅｒ＄４ａｎｄｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄａｌｏｄｇｅｒｆｒａｎｃｈｉｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｂｏｒｏｕｇｈｓ

ｓｕｃｈａｓＤｕｂｌｉｎｃｉｔｙ,ｗｈｉｌｅｒａｔｅｄｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｒｆｒａｎｃｈｉｓｅｉｎｔhｅｃｏｕｎｔｉｅｓｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄ

ｕｎｃｈａｎｇｅｄａｔＥｌ２、ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｃｉｔｙｅｌｅｃｔｏｒａｔｅ－ａｓｏｐｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｆｏｒｔｈｅ

ｂｏｒｏｕｇｈ－ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｏｎｌｙｂｙａｂｏｕｔ６００ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｌ８６７ａｎｄｌ８７３．

２３

Ｔａｂｌｅ６ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｃｉｔｙｅｌｅｃｔｏｒａｔｅｉｎｌ８６７ａｎｄｌ８７３

’867

ratedoccupiersatf8and

upwards

ownersofproperty

freemen

lodgers

1８７３

8,506 oｖｅｒＥ４

７，４８６

2,013

２，６６２

０

1，７２８

2,053

４７６

ownersofproperty

freemen

lodgers

Total 1２，１６１ １２，７６３

Sources:Ｒｅｐｏｒｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｓｅｌｅｃｔｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｎｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙａｎｄｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌ

elections,Ｈ､Ｃ・'868-9(352）,ｖｉｉｉ;Returnsasrespectseachofthe

parliamentaryboroughsinlreland．．．，Ｈ､Ｃ・’874(45），ｉｉｉ．

However，theoverallchangeconcealedgreatｅｒｉｎｄｅｔａｉｌ・ＴｈｅＲｅｆｏｒｍＡｃｔａｄｄｅｄ

ｔｈｅｌｏＷｅｒｍｉｄｄｌｅｃｌａｓｓａｎｄｔｈｅｂｅＬｔｅｒ－ｏｆｆａｒｔｉｓａｎｓｔｏｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｂｏｏｋｓ:ｂｙｔｈｅ

ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｌ，ＯＯＯｒａｔｅｄｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｒｓａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅ

ｑｕａｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｔｏｏｖｅｒｆ４ａｎｄａｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ４７６ｖｏｔｅｒｓｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｎｏｖｅｌｔｙｏｆｔｈｅ

ｌｏｄｇｅｒｆｒａｎｃｈｉｓｅ、

Ｎｅｖｅｒｔｈｅｌｅｓｓ，ｔｈｅｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｌ８６８ｗｅｒｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｅｖｅｎｉｆｔｈｅｒｉｓｅｉｎｔｈｅ

ｔｏｔａｌｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｖｏｔｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｗａｓｓｌｉｇｈｔ・Ｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｉｎｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆ

ｆｒｅｅｍｅｎａｎｄｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｏｗｎｅｒｓｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｔｈｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｂｅｔｔｅｒ－ｏｆｆｔｏｔｈｅ

ｓｕｂｕｒｂｓ・Inconsequence,ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｖｏｔｅｒｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙａｒｅａｄｉｄ

ｎｏｔｒｉｓｅｓｈａｒｐｌｙ,ｔｈｅ1,500ｏｒｓｏｖｏｔｅｒｓａｄｄｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒ,ｇａｖｅｔｈｅ

ｌｅｓｓＷｅｌｌ－ｏｆｆａｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｎｅｗｌｅｖｅｒａｇｅｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ・Ｔｈｅ２Ｌ９

ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｅｌｅｃｔｏｒａｔｅｉｎｌ８６５ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｄｒｉｎｋａｎｄａｒｔｉｓａｎ

ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｗａｓａｕｇｍｅｎｔｅｄｉｎｌ８６８ｉｎｖｅｒｙｃｒｕｄｅｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓｂｙａｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｌ２ｐｅｒ

ｃｅｎｔ,ａｌｌｂｙｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｌｏｗｅｒ－ｃｌａｓｓｖｏｔｅｒｓ・Inconsequence，ｔｈｅｉｓｓｕｅｓｉｎｔｈｅ

ｃｉｔｙｗａｒｄｓｗｅｒｅｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｏｃｈａｎｇｅｒａｄｉｃａｌｌｙ,ｅｌｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｂｏｒｏｕｇｈａｔｌａｒｇｅ,ｇｉｖｅｎ

ｄｉｖｉｄｅａｍｏｎｇｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｏｗｎｅｒｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｖｅｓａｎｄＬｉｂｅｒａｌｓ，ｔｈｉｓ ａ

２４

ｃｏｎｆｅｒｒｅｄａｎｅｗｐｏｗｅｒｏｎｔｈｅｒａｄｉｃａｌｆｏｒｃｅｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｉｔｙｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ、ＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅ

ｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅｓｈａｄｂｅｃｏｍｅａｆｏｒｃｅｂｏｔｈｉｎｌ８７０ａｎｄｌ８７４ａｎｄｏｎｎｅｉｔｈｅｒｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎ，

ｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｓｏｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｗｖｏｔｅ．

Ｋ､Ｔ,HoppenhasshowedtheoccupationsoｆｖｏｔｅｒｓｉｎＤｉｂｌｉｎｃｉｔｙｉｎｌ８６５:this

patterncanbeappliedlooselytotheelectorateinthel870s.（８１）

Ｔａｂｌｅ７０ｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＤｕｂｌｉｎｃｉｔｙｅlｅｃｔｏｒａｔｅｉｎｌ８６５

１Ｕａｓｗｈｏｌｅ ％ａｓＷｈｏｌｅ Occupation Ｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎ

ｓｈｏｐｋｅｅｐｅｒｓ

ｄｒｉｎｋｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ

ａｒｔｉｓａnｓ

ｏｔｈｅｒｓ

13.0

１．２

２０．７

４．２

gentleman

professionals

merchantｓ

ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅｒｓ

ａｎｄｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌ

２５．７

２６．６

］ 2２．３

Ｓｏｕｒｃｅ:Ｋ・ＴＨｏｐｐｅｎ，Ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ，ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ，ａｎｄｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄｌ８３２－ｌ８８５

（Oxford,1984）,ｐｐ､40-ｌ

ＡｒｔｉｓａｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅｄｒｉｎｋｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｗｈoproducedmanyFeniansaccountediｎｌ８６５

ｆｏｒ２Ｌ９ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｅｌｅｃｔｏｒａｔｅｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙ・Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ

ｇｅｎｔｌｅｍｅｎ，ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌｓ，ａｎｄｍｅｒｃｈａｎｔｓ，ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅｒｓａｎｄｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｄ

ｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｏrate,althoughtheirproportiontoｔｈｅｍａｌｅｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｃｅ

ｗａｓｓｍａｌＬＷｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｔｈｅａｒｔｉｓａｎｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｌａｒｇｅｒａｆｔｅｒｌ８６８，

ＴｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｈａｄａｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐａｃｔｏｎｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、，ａｎｄｄａｍａｇｅｄｔｈｅ

ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・ＴｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｅｌｅｃｔｏｒａｌｃｏｎｔｅｓｔｗｈｉｃｈａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄＦｅｎｉａｎｓ’ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ

ｗａｓｔｈｅＤｕｎｇａｒｖａｎｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｌ８６８ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ・ＡｎＥｎｑｌｉｓｈＣａｔｈｏｌｉｃ

ＬｉｂｅｒａｌＨｅｎｒｙＭａｔｈｅｗｓｄｅｆｅａｔｅｄａＬｉｂｅｒａｌＣＲ・ＢａｒｒｙｗｈｏａｔｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＳｐｅｃｉａｌ

Ｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎａｐｐｏｉｎｔｅｄｉｎｌ８６５ｔｏｔｒｙＪｏｈｎＯ'Leary,０'DonovanRossaandothers，

ｈａｄｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍａｓａｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙａｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｔｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ,ｗｈｏｓｅａｉｍ

ｗａｓｔｏｍａｓｓａｃｒｅａｌｌｅｘｃｅｐｔｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｒｃｌａｓｓ、ThoughthｅｃｌｅｒｇｙａｎｄＬｉｂｅｒａｌ

２５

papers,ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅｔｈｅＦｒｅｅｍａｎ'sJournalsupportedBarry,ｔｈｅｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆ

Fenianelementszesultedinhisdefeat.(82）InlateryearsChiefSuperintendent

RyanregardedtheDungazvanelectｉｏｎａｓａｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔｉｎｔｈｅａｔｔｉｔｕｄeof

Fenianstowardspaェliamentaryelections：

ＴｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｉｎｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｔｏParliamentaryrepresentationhas

ｂｅｃｏｍｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｉｓｅｄ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｄｅｆｅａｔｏｆＭｒＢａｒｒｙａｔ

Ｄｕｎｇａｒｖａｎｏｎｔｈｅｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｌａｓｔｇｅｎｅｒａｌｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ・ＴｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓ

ｌｏｏｋｔｏｔｈａｔｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎａｓｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｖｉｃｔｏｒｙａｎｄｆｒｏｍｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅｔｏｔｈｅ

ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｔｈｅｉｒｖｏｔｅｓａｎｄｌｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｏｕｇｈｔｆｏｒｂｙｐａｒｔｉes

ambitioustoenterParliament.〔83）

ＴｈｉｓｔｒｅｎｄｗａｓｆｕｒｔｈｅｒａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄｗｈｅｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｒａｎｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎ

ａｔｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ、ＩｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ８６９０ＤｏｎｏｖａｎＲｏｓｓａ，ｗｈｏｂｅｃａｍｅａ

ｓｙｍｂｏｌｏｆｔｈｅＡｍｎｅｓｔｙｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｔｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅ,ｗａｓｎｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄａｎｄｓｕｒｐＺｉｓｉｎｇｌｙ

ｅｌｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＴｉｐｐｅｒａｒｙｂｙ－ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ－ｈｅｗａｓｔｈｅｎｄｉｓｑｕａｌｉ〔ｉｅｄａｓａｎ

ｕｎｐａｒｄｏｎｅｄｃｏｎｖｉｃｔ・SubsequentlyCharｌｅｓＫｉｃｋｈａｍＷａｓｎｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄａｓｃａｎｄｉｄateat

anotherelectioninFebruary1870,ｂｕｔｈｅｗａｓｄｅｆｅａｔｅｄｂｙＤ.Ｃ､Hero、.(８４）Ｉｎ

ＤｕｂｌｉｎｍｏｎｅｙｗａｓｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｔｏｍｅｅｔｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｅｘｐｅｎｓｅｓｏｆＯ'Donovan

RossaandperhapsKickhamthroughRichardPigott,EdmundO'Don･ｖａｎａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒ

ｓｔａｆｆｏｆｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈｍａｎ．UndoubtedlyｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｓｕｂｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｍｏｎｅｙｆｏｒｔｈａｔ

Purpose、ＡｎｄｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｗｅｒｅｓａｉｄｔｏｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｉｎｒａｉｓｉｎｇａｌａｒｇｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆ

ｍｏｎｅｙ.（85）

ＴｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｌ８６９ｃhanged

theSupremeCouncil，ｓｐｏｌｉｃｙｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｉｎｇｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙelections・Intheir

addressissuedinJanuaryｌ８７０ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｓａｉｄｔｈａｔｐｅｒｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｆｒｏｍ

ｉｔｓｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｉａｌｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｓａｌｌｏｗｅｄｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｔｏｃａｓｔｔｈｅｉｒｖｏｔｅ，

ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄｔｈｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｔｏ‘ｒｅｆｒａｉｎｆと。、ｔａｋｉｎｇ

partinparliamentaryelections’．（86）InthesecirCumstanceslssacButtwａｓ

ａｂｌｅｔｏｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｐｅｏｐｌｅｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＨｏmｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｓａｎａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｔｏ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍ・ＩｔｗａｓｎｏｔａｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔａｓｋｆｏｒＢｕｔｔ,ｗｈｏｈａｄｄｅｆｅｎｄｅｄＦｅｎｉａｎ

ｌｅａｄｅｒｓｓｕｃｈａｓＯ'DonovanRossaandC・ＫｉｃｋｈａｍａｔｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＳｐｅｃｉａｌ

２６

ＣｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎａｎｄｔｏｏｋａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔｐａｒtintheAmnestymovement,ｔｏｂｒｉｎｇ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒｕｎｄｅｒｈｉｓｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐ・ＩｎＭａｙｌ８７０ＢｕｔｔｌａｕｎｃｈｅｄｔｈｅＨｏｍｅ

ＧoverｎｍｅｎｔＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｏｕｔＦｅｎｉａｎｓ’interference．Ｒ､Ｖ､Ｃｏｍｅｒｆｏｒｄｅｘｐｌａｉｎｓ

ｔｈｅｍｏｔｉｖｅｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｉｒｎｅｕｔｒａｌｉｔｙ：‘Ｔｈｅｆｅｎｉａｎｓｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｓｉｍｐｌｙｒｅｐａｙiｎｇａｄｅｂｔ

ｏｆｇｒａｔｉｔｕｄｅｔｏＢｕｔｔ,ｄｅｆｅｎｄｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓａｎｄｃｈａｍｐｉｏｎｏｆａｍｎｅｓｔｙ・Ｍａｎｙ

ｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｗｆｅｎｉａｎｅｌｉｔｅｆｅｌｔｎｏｑｕａｌｍｓａｂｏｕｔｍｉｘｉｎｇａｒｍｅｄｃｏｎｓｐｉｒａｃｙｗｉｔｈ

ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｔｈｅｙｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｄｅａｇｅｒｌｙｔｏｔheprospectof

actiononanyfront’．(87）

ＡｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＧｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅ

ｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｇａｉｎｅｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｅｌｅｃｔｏｒａｔｅａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｌ８７４

ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎａＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｒｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｏｎｅｏｆｔｗｏｓｅａｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙ、Ｔａｂｌｅ８

demonstratescandidates，ｔｈｅｉｒｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌａｆｆｉｌｉａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｎuｍｂｅｒｓｏｆｖｏｔｅｓｉｎ

１８６５，１８６８ａｎｄｌ８７４ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｌ８７０ｂｙ－ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ．

Ｔａｂｌｅ８ＲｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆＤｕｂｌｉｎｃｉｔｙｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ，1865-74

1８６５ＳｉｒＢ・LCuinness

generalJonathanPi、

ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ

ＣＬ

4739

4653

ｏｄ

ｅ

十》Ｃ ｅ

、上ｅ

「１１］

JohnVance Ｃ 4０７３

1868ＳｉｒＡ.Ｅ・Guinness

generalJonathanPim

elecｔｉｏｎ

ｃＬ

5587

5586

●ｄ ｅ ｔ

ｃ

ｅ

ＳＬ

ｅ

「‐‐二

，.Ｒ・Ｐ１ｕｎｋｅｔｔ Ｃ

ＳｉｒＤ.』・Ｃｏｒｒｉｇａｎ Ｌ

(onpetitionGuinessunseated）

5４５２

５３７９

２７

1８７０ＳｉｒＤ.』・Corrigan

by-election

Ｌ 4468elected

Ｅ､Ｒ・King-Harman Ｈ､Ｒ、 3444

1874ＳｉｒＡ.Ｅ,Guinness

generalMauriceBrookｓ

ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ

Ｃ

ＨＲ．

5213

4838

ｄ

ｅ ｔ

ｃ

ｅ １

ｅ

「－Ｊ

JonathanPim

EdWardFox

Ｌ

ＨＲ．

1937

５１５

Ｃ＝ConservativeＬ＝ＬｉｂｅｒａｌＨＲ.＝HomeRuler

Source:Ｂ・MWalker,Parliamentaryelectionsresultsi、Ireland,1801-1922(Dublin，

1978）,pp271-2．

Ａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｌ８６５ａｎｄｌ８６８ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄａＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｖｅｂｕｓｉｎessman，

8.Ｌ・Guinnessinl865（Ａ､Ｅ,Guinnessinl868）andaLiberalbusinessman,Jonathan

PimrepresentedthecityiｎＰａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔ，Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｉｒａｐｐｅａｌｔｏｔｈｅ

ｐｒopertiedvoters,ｔｈｅｙａｐｐｅａｌｅｄｔｏａｒｔｉｓａｎｖｏｔｅｒｓａｓｇoodemployers,and

promotersofthemanufacturesofthecountry.（88）

ＴｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅＲｅｆｏｒｍＡｃｔｏｆｌ８６８ｗｈｉｃｈｇａｖｅｖｏｔｅｒｓｔｏｒａｔｅｄ

ｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｒｓｏｆｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＥ８ａｎｄ６４ａｎｄｌｏｄｇｅｒｓ,changedtheelections、Ａｓｅａｒｌｙａｓ

Ｊａｎｕａｒｙｌ８７０ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｅｒintendentRyanlEeportedthatFeniａｎｓｗｏｕｌｄｏｐｐｏｓｅ

ＬｉｂｅｒａｌｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅｓｔｏｅｍｂａｒｒａｓｓｔｈｅＬｉｂｅｒａｌｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｕｎｄｅｒＧ１ａｄｓＬｏｎｅｂｙｔｈｅ

ｖｏｔｅｓｏｆ‘ｔｈｅｐｅｒｓｏｎｓｅｎｔｉｔｌｅｄｔｏｖｏｔｅａｓｌｏｄｇｅｒｓａｎｄａｒｔｉｓａｎｓａｎｄｔｒａｄerswho

arealsosmallproprietorsandhavevotesonaccountoftheirproperty，．(89）

Ｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｂｙ－ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｏｏｋｐｌａｃｅｉｎＡｕｇｕｓｔｌ８７０,ａＬｉｂｅｒａｌ

Ｄ.』､Ｃｏｒｒｉｇａｎｗｈｏｈａｄｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏｇｅｔａｓｅａｔｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｇｅｎｅｒａｌｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎ

ｌ８６８,ａｎｄａＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｖｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｒＥ.Ｒ､Ｋｉｎｇ－Ｈａｒｍａｎ,ｗｈｏｗａｓａｆｏｕｎｄｅｒｏｆＨｏｍｅ

２８

Rulemovementcompetedfortheseat・ＣｏｒｒｉｇａｎｇａｉｎｅｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＣａｔｈｏｌｉｃ

ｃｌｅｒｇｙａｎｄｔｈｅＬｉｂｅｒａｌｐｒｅｓｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｈｉｓａｄｖｏｃａｃｙｏｆａＣａｔｈｏｌｉｃｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，

denominationaleducation,ａｎｄｔｈｅｓｅｃｒｅｔｂａｌｌｏｔ・ontheotherhandKing-Harman，

thoughaConservative,ｗａｓｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｓｔｉｃａｌｌｙｂｕｔａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓ・ＴｈｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｏｆｈｉｓｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｒｓｈｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｅＲｏｔｕｎｄａｗａｓｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅ

Ｆｅnians;ａｎｄｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓＭａｒｔｉｎＨａｎｌｅｙＣａｒｅｙｅｖｅｎｏｃｃupied

seatsontheplatform.（90）TheresultoftheelectionwasthatCorrigandefeated

King-Harmanby４，４６８ｖｏｔｅｓｔｏ３,４４４．ThoughCoｒｒｉｇａｎｈａｄｈａｄ５，３７９ｖｏｔｅｓｉｎｔｈｅ

ｌ８６８ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ｈｉｓｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｉｎｌ８７０ｈａｄｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｄｂｙａｂｏｕｔ1,000ｗｉｔｈ４，４６８ｖｏｔｅｓ・

ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄＫｉｎｇ－ＨａｍａｎｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏｏｂｔａｉｎａｌｌｔｈｅＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｖｅｖｏｔｅｓ；

Ａ,Ｅ・Ｇｕｉｎｎｅｓｓｈａｄｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ５,５８７Ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｖｅｖｏｔｅｓｉｎｌ８６８・ＭａｎｙＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｖｅ

ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｒｓｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏｖｏｔｅｆｏｒＫｉｎｇ－Ｈａｒｍａｎｏｎｔｈｅｇｒｏｕｎｄｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｄｉｓａpproved

oftheHomeRulemovement,ａｎｄｔｈｅａｃｔｉｖｅｒｏｌｅｏｆｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｏｆ

ｈｉｍｈｅｌｐｅｄｔｏｋｅｅｐｔｈｅｍaloof．（９１）Inallthecircumstances,King-Harman'ｓｎｅａｒ

ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｐｏｍｔｓｔｏｔｈｅｗｅｉｇｈｔｏｆａｒａｄｉｃａｌｎｅｗｆｏｒｃｅｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ・

Ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄｂｙｔｈｉｓ，ｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄｔｏｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ

ａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ,ａｎｄｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｍｅａｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｓｓｕｅｆｏｒａｌｌｐａｒｔｉｅｓ・Ｉｎ

Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙｌ８７１，ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ,ａｌｌｐｏｌｉＬｉｃａｌｐａｒｔｉｅｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇＦｅｎｉａｎｓ

ａｎｄＯｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎ,ｈｅｌｄｗｅｌｌ－ａｔｔｅｎｄｅｄｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓａｌｍｏｓｔｅｖｅｒｙｅｖｅｎｉｎｇｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｔｏ

ｄｅｂａｔｅｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｑuestion.（９２）Thistrendcontinuedinl872・ＩｎＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ

ｌ８７１ａｌａｒｇｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｗａｓｈｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｅＲotundawhere

froml,ＯＯＯｔｏｌ,５００membersofthelabouringandartisanclassesattended.(93〕

ＴｈｉｓｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕlemovementattractedtheattenｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｒ

ｃｌａｓｓｗｈｉｃｈｈａｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｍａｎｙＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｌ８６０ｓ,ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｍａｎｙｏｒｍｏｓｔｏｆ

ｔｈｅｍｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｑｕａｌｉｆｉｅｄｔｏｖｏｔｅａｔｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ、Inthesecircumstances，

Ｂｕｔｔ,ｓＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ，ｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｄａｓｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅＬｅａｇｕｅｉｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ

ｌ８７３,ｗａｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｎｏｔｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｂｙｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｂｕｔｗａｓｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙ

ｔｈｅｍ.〔94）

InJanuaｪｙｌ８７４ｔｈｅｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔｈａｄｂｅｅｎｄｉｓｓｏｌｖｅｄｂｙＧｌａｄｓｔｏｎｅ,ａｎｄｉｎ

Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙａｇｅｎｅｒａｌｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｔｏｏｋｐｌａｃｅ・ＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ａｎｄ

２９

ｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｐａｒｔｙｗａｓｗｅｌｃｏｍｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｏｒａｔｅ・ＴｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｐａｒｔｙｗｏｎ５９

ｓｅａｔｓｏｕｔｏｆｌＯ２,ｗｈｉｌｅｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｌ８６８ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ，

Ｌｉｂｅｒａｌｓｅａｔｓｆｅｌｌｆｒｏｍ６５ｔｏｌＯａｎｄＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｖｅｓｆｒｏｍ４０ｔｏ３３・ＩｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｔｈｅ

Ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｖｅｐａｒｔｙｋｅｐｔａｓｅａｔ－Ａ.Ｅ・Ｇｕｉｎｎｅｓｓｗａｓｅｌｅｃｔｅｄ,ｗｈｉｌｅａＬｉｂｅｒａｌ

ＪｏｎａｔｈａｎＰｉｍｗｈｏｈａｄｒｅｔａｉｎｅｄａｓｅａｔｉｎｔｈｅｌ８６５ａｎｄｌ８６８ｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ,Ｗａｓｄｅｆｅａｔｅｄ

ｂｙａＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｒｔｈｅＬｏｒｄMayorMauriceBrooks.（95）ＴｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｈａｄａ

ｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐａｃｔｏｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙ、Ｉ、Ｊｕｌｙｌ８７４ｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＤ,Ｍ．Ｐ・ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ

ｔｈｅｕｐｓｕｒｇｅｏｆｌｏｗｅｒｃｌａｓｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ：

ＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｄｅｂａｔｅｉｎｔｈｅＨouseofCommons．．、ａｒｔｉｓａｎｓ

ａｎｄｈｕｍｂｌｅｒｃｌａｓｓｅｓｉｎａｎｄａｂｏｕｔＤｕｂｌｉｎｈａｖｅｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｅｏｎａｃｃｏｕｎｔｏｆ

ｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｙａｓｓｅｍｂｌｅｉｎｐｕｂｌｉｃｈｏｕｓｅｓｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎａ

ｆｅｗｏｆｔｈｅｍｔｈａｔｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｏｒｉｏｕｓｐｌａｃｅｓｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｒｅｎｄｅｚｖｏｕｓｄｕｒｉｎｇ

ｌ８６４８１６５.(96）

ＴｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｍｅｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ

Ｗｅｍｕｓｔａｎｓｗｅｒｔｈｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ・ＷｈｙｄｉｄｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｄｅｃｌｉｎｅａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅ

ｒｉｓｉｎｇ？Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅｔｈｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ，ｔｈｅｙｅａｒｌ８６７ｗｌｔｎｅｓｓｅｄｆａｖｏｕｒａｂｌｅ

ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍ・ｏｎ２３ＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒＡ１１ｅｎ,ＬａｒｋｉｎａｎｄＯ，Ｂｒｉｅｎ

ｗｅｒｅｅｘｅｃｕｔｅｄｏｎａｃｈａｒｇｅｏｆｍｕｒｄｅｒｉｎｇａｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｐｏｌｉｃｅｍａｎｏｎｔｈｅｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎｏｆ

ｒｅｓｃｕｉｎｇＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙｉｎＭａｎｃｈｅｓｔｅｒ・Ｔｈｅｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｏｎａｐｐｅａｌｅｄｐｒｏｆｏｕｎｄｌｙｔｏｔｈｅ

ｌｒｉｓｈｐｅｏｐｌｅ・Ｏｎ８Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒｉｎｓｐｉｔｅｏｆｂａｄｗｅａｔｈｅｒ,about３０，OOOforlnedthe

ManchesterMartyrsｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｏｎｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ，Ｉｆｔｈｅｗｅａｔｈｅｒｈａｄｂｅｅｎｆｉｎｅ，

SuperintendentRyanwrote,ｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｏｎｉｓｔｓｗｏｕｌｄｈavebeen

doubleortreblewhatitwas.（97〕TheFenian‘class’－．rapers，assistants，

ｐａＷｎｂｒｏｋｅｒｓ’ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔｓ，ｃａｂｉｎｅｔｍａｋｅｒｓ，ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒｓａｎｄｐｌａｓｔｅｚｅｒｓ－ｗａｓｖｅｒｙ

ｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｒｅｓｐｅｃｔａｂｌｅａｐｐｅａｒａnｃｅａｎｄ

ｎumbers.（98）However,theFeniansdidnotsucceedinutiliｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎｆｏｒ

ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ,ａｓｔｈｅｙｈａｄｄｏｎｅｉｎｔｈｅＭａｃＭａｎｕｓｆｕｎｅｒａｌｉｎｌ８６１・

Ｔｈｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅｉｓｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｆａｃｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｍ,ａｓａｌｒｅａｄｙｐｏｉｎｔｅｄ

ｏｕｔ,overtookthemovement;ｗｈｅｎｉｎＡｐｒｉｌｌ８６８ｔｈｅＰｒｉｎｃｅａｎｄＰｒｉｎｃｅｓｓｏｆＷａｌｅｓ

３０

ｖｉｓｉｔｅｄｌｒｅｌａｎｄ,crowｄｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｅｔｓｏｆｔｈｅＬｉｂｅｒｔｉｅｓ,WheremanyFenians

lived,welcomedthem.（99〕But,ａｓｗｅｈａｖｅｓｅｅｎ,theDublinorqanisationalsoｌａｔｅｒ

ｒｅｖｉｖｅｄｔｏｓｕｃｈａｎｅｘｔｅｎｔｔｈａｔ７，０５０ｍｅｎｈａｄｅｘｉｓｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｎ

Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒｌ８７１ａｎｄｏｎｔｉｇｈｔｅｒｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｅｎｌｉｓｔｍｅｎｔｔｈａｎｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｅ-1867

years．Ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｄｉｓｉｎｔｅｑｒａｔｉｏｎ，ｆｒｏｍｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｎｅｖｅｒ

ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｌ８７０ｓ,ｓｅｔｉｎｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｉｎｌ８７２ａｎｄｌ８７３・Ｎｏｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓｅｔ

ｂａｃｋ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅａｒｒｅｓｔｏｆｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｓｏｒａｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙｆａｉｌｕｒｅ,ｔｏｏｋ

ｐｌａｃｅｉｎｌ８７２ａｎｄｌ８７３・Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｉｔｉｓｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｈａｔｄｉｓｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｔｏｏｋｐｌａｃｅ

ｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・Ｎｏｏｎｅｒｅａｓｏｎａｃｃｏｕｎｔｓｆｏｒｉｔ，

Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｙｆｉｖｅｒｅａｓｏｎｓ、Ｆｉｒｓｔｏｆａｌｌ，ｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ｌａｃｋｅｄｒｅａｌｌｙ

ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｓｉｎｃｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓ’ｓｄｏｗｎｆａｌｌｉｎＤｅｃｅｍｂｅｒｌ８６６・ＴｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ｈａｄ

ｂｅｅｎｕｎｉｔｅｄｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｏｆＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｆｒｏｍｉｔｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｉｎｌ８５８ｔｏ

ｌ８６６，ａｎｄｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｔｈｒｅａｔｏｆｆａｃｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓ、、ＯｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎ

ＢｒｏｔｈｅｒｈｏｏｄｉｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｈａｄｓｐｌｉｔｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｇｒｏｕｐｓ；ｔｈｉｓｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｅｄＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｆｒｏｍｇｉｖｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｔｏｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ､Ｂ・ＴｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ，ｓｔａｒｔｅｄｔｈｅ

ｒｉｓｉｎｑｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅＰｒｏｖｉｓionalGovernment,ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙｌ８６７ａｎｄ

ｉｎｉｔｉａｔｅｄｂｙＣｏｌｏｎｅｌＫｅｌｌｙ,ｂｕｔａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｔheProvisional

Govemmentdidnotmaintainitsauthority、Sincethen,ColonelKelly,Roberts（

thepresidentofoneoftheAmericanFeniangroups）ａｎｄＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｓｏｕｇｈｔｔｏ

ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｆｏｒｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ．Ｂ・Ｔｈｅｓｅｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅｓｄａｍａｇｅｄ

ｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙ・Ｗｈｉｌｅｂｙｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｌ８７１ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ

ｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ，Ｓｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｓｔｉｌｌｈａｄｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｒｓ、Stepheｎｓ

ｈｉｍｓｅｌｆａｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ａｓａｗｈｏｌｅｔｏｔｈｅ

ｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐ：

ｔｈｅｄｉｓａｓｔｒｏｕｓｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｐｒｅｔｔｙａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｕｓｈｒｏｏｍ

ｌｅａｄｅｒｓ，ｉｔｈａｄｂｅｈｉｎｄｉｔｔｈｅｈｏｎｅｓｔｙ，ｚｅａｌ８ｉｐａｔｒｉｏｔｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｒａｎｋ＆ ●

filetheindividualmembelEsofWhich,ｉｎｔｈｅｖａｓｔｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｃａｓｅｓ，

remainedtruetoitsteachings.（100）

Ｓｅｃｏｎｄｌｙ，ｆｏｒｔｈＯｓｅｗｈｏｗｅｒｅｏｒｗｏｕｌｄｂｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓ，theHomeRulemovementbecame

asubsｔｉｔｕｔｅｆｏｒＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｌｎｄｅｅｄ，ｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｗａｓｉｔｓｅｌｆａｐrｏｄｕｃｔｏｆ

３１

ｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｒｉｓｉｎｇ,bothbecausethemove国ｅｎｔｈａｄｓｔｉｒｒｅｄｕｐｍｕｃｈｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ

ｆｅｅｌｉｎｇ,andalsobecauseConservatives，ｆｏｒｖａｒｉｏｕｓｒｅａｓｏｎｓｍａｄｅｃｏｇｎｉｓａｎｔｏｆ

ｔｈｉｓｆｅｅｌｉｎｇ，ｗｅｒｅａｎｘｉｏｕｓｔｏｔａｋｅｏｒｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｓｔｅｐｓＩｕｈｉｃｈｍｉｇｈｔｐａｃｉｆｙｌｒｅｌａｎｄ

ｉｎｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅ、Ｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒｔｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｓｆｏｒｉｔｓｅｓｔａｂｌishment,ａstrongHomeRule

movement,ｏｎｃｅｉｎｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ,ｏｆｆｅｒｅｄａｎａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｗｈｉｃｈｗｏｕｌｄａｐｐｅａｌｔｏ

ｍａｎｙｗｈｏ，ｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙ1860ｓ，hadsupportedamoreextreme

movement・Inconsequence,ｔｈｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｌｅａｄｅｒｓｗａｓｄｉｓｔｒａｃｔｅｄｆｒｏｍ

ｎａｒＩＥｏｗＦｅｎｉａｎｏｒｔｈｏｄｏｘｙａｎｄａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔ，Ｆｅｎｉａｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎｉｔｓ‘ｐｕｒｅｒ,sense

wasneglected・ＳｏｍｅＦｅｎｉａｎｌｅａｄｅｒｓｅｖｅｎｔｏｏｋａｎａｃｔｉｖｅｐａｒｔｉｎｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅ

ｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ・ＴｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｏｆｒａｎｋａｎｄｆｉｌｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍ,ｅｖｅｎｔｈｏｕｇｈｍｏｓｔ

ｏｆｔｈｅｍｈａｄｎｏｖｏｔｅｉｎｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ,waned・

ＴｈｅｔｈｉｒｄｍａｉｎｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｄｉｓｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗas

G1adstone，Ｓｃｏｎｃｉｌｉａｔｏｒｙａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｓ,ｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈＣｈｕｒｃｈＡｃｔｏｆ１８６９，

ｔｈｅＬａｎｄＡｃｔｏｆｌ８７０ａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｌｅａｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓｉｎＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙｌ８６９

ａｎｄＪａｎｕａｒｙｌ８７１，ＩｎｔｈｏｓｅｄａｙｓＦｅｎｉａｎｓｒｅａｌｉｓｅｄｔｈａｔthesemeasureswould

satisfythepｅｏｐｌｅａｎｄｄｅｐｒｉｖｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｉｒsympathy・Consequently,some

FenianｓｗｅｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｔｈａｔＦｅｎｉａｎｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｓｔａｒｔａｒｉｓｉｎｇｔｏｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｔｈｅ

ｐａssingofconciliatorymeasures.（101）Thesemeasures,thoughFenianwould-be

`ａｃｔｉｖｉｓｔｓ’ｍｉｇｈｔｎｏｔｗｅｌｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｎ,ｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄｍａｎｙｏｆｔｈｅｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｏｆ

ｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ・ＴｈｉｓｃｏｎｖｉｃｔｉｏｎｍａｙｈａｖｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓ’

ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ,ａｎｄｓｕｂｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ

ａｂｓｏｒｂｅｄｍｕｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｏｒｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・Ｕｎｄｏｕｂｔｅｄｌｙｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｃｉｌｉａｔｏｒｙ

ｍｅasurescalｍｅｄｄｏｗｎｌｒｉｓｈｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｍ,whereascoeZcivemeasures,ｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅ

ＭａｎｃｈｅｓｔｅｒＭａｒｔｙｒｓｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｏｎ，ｌｅｄｔｏａｎｕｐｓｕｒｇｅｉｎｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｍ・

ＩｎｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈＣｈｕｒｃｈＡｃｔｇａｖｅｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈＣａｔｈｏｌｉｃｓｔｈｅｉｐｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ

ｔｈａｔｔｈｅＬｉｂｅｒａｌｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｌｅｄｂｙＯｌａｄｓｔｏｎｅｗｏｕｌｄｐｒｏｃｅｅｄｔｏｑrａｎｔｅｖｅｎｇｒｅａｔｅｒ

ｃｏｎｃｅｓｓｉｏｎｓtolreland,ｐａｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｗａｙｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅｐｅａｌｏｆｔｈｅＵnionitself.（102）

AfterthelrishChurchActwaspasse｡,theFenianswerereportedtobedejected

becausetheythoughtthattheAｃｔｗｏｕｌｄｄｅｐｒｉｖｅｔｈｅｍｏｆｔｈｅｓｙｍｐａｔｈｙｏｆｔｈｅ

ｐｅｏｐｌｅ.（103）ＴｈｅｉｍｐａｃｔｏｆｔｈｅＬａｎｄＡｃｔｏｎｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・wascomplicated，Ｔｈｅ

３２

ＬａｎｄＡｃｔｏｆｌ８７０ｗａｓｌｉｍｔｅｄｉｎｓｃｏｐｅ,ｓｏｉｔｇａｖｅｄｉｓａｐｐｏｉｎｔｍｅｎｔｔｏｓｍａｌｌ

ｔenants・Ｉｎｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏａｇｒａｒｉａｎｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ,ｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄａｃｏｅｒｃｉon

act,theso-calledWestmeathActofl871.（104）Itwouldappearthatthese

circumstancesgaveFeniansopportunitieｓｔｏｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｔｈｅｉｒｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｉｎｔｈｅ

rumlareas.（105）InFebruaryl870ChiefSuperintendentRyan,whohadanalysed

theconversationsｏｆｌｅａｄｉｎｇＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ，ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｔｈａｔ

ｔｈｅＡｃｔｗｏｕｌｄｇｉｖｅａｓｔｉｍｕｌｕｓｔｏＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍ：

ＵｐｔｏｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｖｉｓｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅＢｉｌｌｗｅｒｅｍａｄｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｔｈｅｙ

ａｐｐｒｅｈｅｎｄeｄｆｉｘｉｔｙｏｆｔｅｎｕｒｅｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ,ａｎｄａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｙｄｏ

ｎｏｔａｄｍｉｔｔｈａｔａｎｙｍｅａｓｕｒｅｗｏｕｌｄｃｒｕｓｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｐiracy,ｔｈｅｙｓａｙ

ｔｈａｔｆｉｘｉｔｙｏｆｔｅｎｕｒｅｗｏｕｌｄｄｅｐｌＥｉｖｅｔｈｅｐｏｆｔｈｅｓｙｍｐａｔｈｙｏfthe

agriculturalclassestoaverylargeextent.（106）

ＢｙｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｔｈｅＬａｎｄＡｃｔｈａｄｎｏｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｆｏｒｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓ・Ｔｈｅｒａｎｋ

ａｎｄｆｉｌｅｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ,ＣＯｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆａｒｔｉｓａｎｓａｎｄｌａｂｏｕｒｅｒｓ,ｗｉｔｈ

ｎｏｓｔａｋｅｏｒｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｔｈｅＬａｎｄｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＬａｎｄ

Ａｃｔ．（107）Ｔｈｉｓｉｓｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｉｍmediatelyafterthepassingof

theLａｎｄＡｃｔｉｎＡｕｇｕｓｔｌ８７０，ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｗｅｒｅｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｅｄｎｏｔｉｎｔｈｅＬａｎｄ

Ａｃｔ,ｂｕｔｉｎ,ａｓｈａｓａｌｒｅａｄｙｂｅｅｎａｒｇｕｅｄ，ｔｈｅＦｒａｎｃｏ－ＰｒｕｓｓｉｄｎＷａｒ、

Ａｓｗｅｈａｖｅｓｅｅｎ，ｔｈｅａｕｔｕｌｕｎｏｆｌ８６９ｓａｗｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅ

ＡｍｎｅｓｔｙｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｉｎｓｕｃｈｃｉｒｃｕｍｓｔａｎｃｅｓｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ，

ＢｕｔｉｎＪａｎｕａｒｙｌ８７１ｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄｏｖｅｒｔｈｉｒｔｙＦｅｎｉａｎｐｒｉｓｏnｅｒｓ

ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇＯ'DonovanRossa・ＦｒｏｍｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅｔｈｅＡｍｎｅｓｔｙｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｌｏｓｔｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ・

ＩｆＧｌａｄｓｔｏｎｅｈａｄｒｅｆｕｓｅｄｔｏｇｉｖｅａｎａｍｎｅｓｔｙｔｏＦｅｎｉａｎｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓ，theAmnesty

movementwouldhavedevｅｌｏｐｅｄｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・ＦｒｏｍＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒｔｏＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ８７３

ｔｈｅＡｍｎｅｓｔｙＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｄａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｐｕｂｌｉｃｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓａｇａｉ、．Ｉｎ

Ｄｕｂｌｉｎｔｗｏｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓｗｅｒｅｈｅｌｄ－ａｔＣ１ｏｎｔａｒｆｏｎ７ＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒａｎｄａｔＰｈｉｂｓｂｏｒｏｕｇｈ

ｏｎ２３Ｎｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ,ａｎｄａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｕｍｅｄｕｐ.（108）However,ｔｈｅｓｅ

ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｅｄｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｎｅｎｔｒａｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓ、．Theamnesty

issueitselfhadceasedtobeamajorpoliticalquestion・

ＴｈｅｆｏｕｒｔｈｍajozreasonofthedisintegrationoftheDublinorganisationwas

３３

ｔｈｅｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｎｔｈｅｌａｔｅｌ８６０ｓａｎｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙ

1870ｓ・Ｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｉｔｙｉｓｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇｌｙｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｔｒａｄｅ

ｗｈｉｃｈｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄａｂｏｕｔ３０ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆＤｕｂｌｍａｒｔｉｓａｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｌ８６０ｓ・Ｔｈｅ

ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｔｒａｄｅｂｅｇａｎｔｏｅｘｐａｎｄｆｒｏｍｌ８６９,ｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇｉｔｓｐｅａｋｉｎｌ８７２,ａｎｄ

囚aintaineditsprosperitytosomeextenｔｕｎｔｉｌｌ８８０.（109）Ｆｒｏｍｌ８７１ｔol881the

numberofcarpentersintｈｅｃｉｔｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｂｙｌＯｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｆｒｏｍ２，２９４ｔｏ２，５２７

ａｎｄｔｈａｔｏｆｂｒｉｃｋｌａｙｅｒｓｂｙ６５ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｆｒｏｍ６７４ｔｏｌ，１１１．ＴｈｅｌｒｉｓｈＴｉｍｅｓ

ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｌ８７２ａｓｆｏｌｌｏＷｓ：

Ｎｏｔｗｉｔｈｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｄｅａｒｎｅｓｓｏｆmoney,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓａｌｌｏｔｈｅｒａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ

ｉｎｄａｉｌｙｕｓｅ，ｔｒａｄｅａｎｄｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｉｔｙａｒｅｉｎａｍｏｓｔｈｅａｌｔｈｙ

ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ・Ｏｎｔｈｅｑｕａｙｓｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｉｓｉｎａｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅｓｔａｔｅ・Ｆａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓ

ｓｅｎｄｕｐｔｈｅｉｒｌｏｆｔｙｃｈｉｍｎｅｙｓｉｎｍａｎｙｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｓｕbｕｒｂｓｏｎｔｗｏ

ｓｉｄｅｓａrelikelytobecomeidenticalWithtｈｅｃｉｔｙ.（１１０）

Accordingly,ａｒｔｉｓａｎｓａｎｄｌａｂｏｕｒｅｒｓｏｆｅｖｅｒｙｔｒａｄｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｈｉｇｈｅｒｗａｇｅｓ・Ｔａｂｌｅ

９ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｗｅｅｋｌｙｐａｙｏｆｓｏｍｅｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｌ８６７

ａｎｄｌ８７２．

Ｔａｂｌｅ９Ｗｅｅｋｌｙｗａｇｅｓ，ｉｎｌ８６７ａｎｄｌ８７２

ｌｎｃｒｅａｓｅ

Ｋ・Ｓ．．．

１８６７

$．ｓ､。．

１８７２

［．ｓ､。．

Occupation

Ｓｔｅａｍｐａｃｋｅｔｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ’

ｐｏｒｔｅｒｓ

ｃｏｒｎｐｏｒｔｅｒｓ

ｃｏａｌｐｏｒｔｅｒｓ

ｃｏａｌｃａｒｔｅｒｓ

Ｇａｓｃｏｍｐａｎｙ'ｓｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ

ｓｍｉｔｈｓ

ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒｓ

ｓｔｏｋｅｒｓ

９．０．

１．０．０．

３．０．

４．０．

１８．０．

１．０．０．

１７．０．

１８.0．

１．７．０．

２．０．０．

１．０．０．

１．２．０．

６．０．

６．０．

３．０．

１．１０．０．

１．１０．０．

１．１０．０．

１．１６．０．

１．１６．０．

１．１３.０．

３４

８．０．

９．０．

ｎｉｌ

４．６．

１．６．０．

１．１．０．

１．１．０．

１９.６．

’８．０．

１２．０．

１．１．０．

１５．０．

ｃｏｋｅｗｈｅｅｌｅｒｓ

ｃｏｋｅｃｏｏｌｅｒｓ＆ｆｉｌｌｅｒｓ

ｆｉｒｅｍｅｎ

ｌａｍｐｌｉｇｈｔｅｒｓ

Ｔｒａdes：

ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒｓ

ｂｒｉｃｋｌａｙｅｒｓ

ｂｍｃｋｌａｙｅｒｓｌａｂｏｕｒｅｒｓ

４．０．

４．０．

３．０．

1．１２．０．

１．１２．０．

１５．０．

1.8.0.

1.8.0.

12.0.

Source:Ｃ､Ｓ､0.,Ｒ・Ｐ､1872/7794.

ＰｒｏｂａｂｌＹｔｈｅｂｅｔｔｅｒｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｄｅｔａｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｒｃｌａｓｓｆｒｏｍｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉonary

movements，Ｉｎｌ８７４１ｒｅｌａｎｄｐａｓｓｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｒｅｃｅｓｓｉｏｎａｓＢｒｉｔｉｓｈｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｃｉｔｉｅｓ

ｄｉｄ・Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｃｅｓｓｉｏｎｗａｓｆａｒｎｏｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄｉｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｏｆ

ｔｈｅＢｒｉｔｉｓｈｌｓｌｅｓｔｈａｎｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ・Ｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄｈａｌｆ

ｏｆｔｈｅｌ８７０ｓｔｈｅｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｔｕｒｎｏｖｅｒｉｎｒａｉｌｗａｙｓｉｎｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｒｅｇｉｏｎｆａｒｅｄ

ｍｕｃｈｂｅｔｔｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈｅｒａｉｌｗａＹｓｃｅｎｔｒｅｄｉｎＢｅｌｆａｓｔ・Ｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅ

ｙｅａｒｓｌ８６９－７３ｄｉｄｎｏｔｔｕｒｎｄｏｕｍａｓｓｈａｒｐｌｙｏｒａｓｓｕｄｄｅｎｌｙｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎａｓｉｎ

ＢｅｌｆａｓｔｏｒｉｎＢｒｉｔｉｓｈｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｃｉｔｉｅｓ,ａｎｄａｓｅｎｓｅｏｆｃｒｉｓｉｓｄｉｄｎｏｔｅｍｅｒｇｅ

ｂｅｆｏｒｅｌ８７８ｏｒｌ８７９.（１１１）

ＴｈｅｆｉｆｔｈｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｓ

ｔｈａｔｉｎｔｈｅｌａｔｅｌ８７０ｓｔｈｅａｒｔｉｓａｎｃｌａｓｓｗａｓｍｏｒｅｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｒａｄｅｕｎｉｏｎs

thanwithpoliticalmovements(thoughsomeartisanstookanactiveroleinthe

HomeRulemovement）.Tradeunionsgrewrapidly,andbettereconomicconditions

sugｇｅｓｔｅｄｔｈａｔｃｏｎｃｅｓｓｉｏｎｓｍｉｑｈｔｂｅｗｒｕｎｇｍｏｒｅｒｅａｄｉｌｙｂｙｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌａｃｔｉｏｎ

ｆｒｏｍｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｒｓ、Ｓｏｍｅｔｒａｄｅｓｆａｒｅｄｗｅｌｌ，ａｎｄｗｈｉｌｅｏｔｈｅｪｓｆａｒｅｄｂａｄｌｙｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ

ｃｅｎｓｕｓｄａｔｅｉｎｌ８７１ａｎｄｌ８８１，ｔｈｅｐｅａｋｏｆｔｈｅｂｏｏｍｉｎＢｒｉｔａｉｎａｎｄｌｒｅｌａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅ

ｅａｒｌｙｌ８７０ｓ、ｕｓｔｈａｖｅｓｅｅｍｅｄａｒａｒｅｆａｖｏｕｒａｂｌｅｍｏｍｅｎｔｔｏｐｒｅｓｓｆｏｒｂｅｔｔｅｒ

ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ,ｏｒｔｏｕｎｉｏｎｉｓｅｔｏａｃｈｉｅｖｅｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙ,ｅｖｅｎｉｎｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ・

Ｄｕｂｌｉｎ,ｈｉｔｂｙｔｈｅｌｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＥｎｇｌａｎｄ，ｈａｄｂｅｅｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｅｄ

３５

ｂｙａｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｉｎｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓtryinthenineteenthcentury、Ｆｒｏｍｌ８７１

ｔｏｌ８８１ｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｍａｌｅｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｆｅｌｌ５ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ

ｆｒｏｍｌ８,５８０ｔｏ17,628.（１１２）Inotherwordsinthel870sindustriａｌｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｗａｓ

ｍｏｒｅｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｏｂｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄｂｙｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｔradesandworkshｏｐｓ

ｔｈａｎｉｎｃｏｍｐｅｒｃｅｏｒｌｎｔｈｅｌａｇｅｒｆｉｒｍｓｉｎｂｅｅｒａｎｄｗｈｉｓｋｅｙ、Thesecraftsand

workshopsexperiencedcompetitionfromre-organiseｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｎＥｎｇｌａｎｄｗｈｅｒｅａｓ

ｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｆａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｓｕｃｈａｓＧｕｉｎｎｅｓｓｏｒｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｉｌｌｅｒｓｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｅｄｆｒｏｍ

ｎｅｗｍａｒｋｅｔｓｉｎｒｕｒａｌｌｒｅｌａｎｄ・

ＴａｂｌｅｌＯｓｈｏｗｓｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｉｎｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｗｈｉｃｈＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｉｎ

Ｄｕｂｌｉｎｌａｒｇｅｌｙａｐｐｅａｌｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｌ８60ｓ．

ＴａｂｌｅｌＯＮｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｍａｌｅｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｉｎｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｃｉｔｙｉｎｗｈｉｃｈ

Ｆｅnianswerenumerous，1８６１－８１

l８７１

Ｎｏ

Change

Ｆｒｏｍ１８６１

％

－８

－１７

－２２

－４

＋５４

－２８

－１０

＋３５

－，

１８８１

Ｎ。

Change

Ｆｒｏｍ１８７１

％

＋１９

－２６

－８

＋６５

－１２

－２４

＋８

－１０

＋２５

l８６１

Ｎｏ

Occupations

２，５２７

２，４４９

１，５２６

１，１１１

８０１

１３７

８７７

５８６

１４，３９２

ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒｓ ２，２９４２，ll7

boot8bshoemakers３，９７５３，２８８

ｔａｉｌｏｒｓ ２，１２５１，６６１

ｂｒｉｃｋｌａｙｅｒｓ ７００６７４

ｂｌａｃｋｓｍｉｔｈｓ ５９３９１１

ｃｏｒｋｃｕｔｔｅｒｓ ２５２l８１

ｂａｋｅｒｓ ８９８８１２

ｃｏｏｐｅｒｓ ４８５６５３

labourers l2,６８６１１，４８８

Sources:Ｃｅｎｓｕｓｌｒｅｌａｎｄ，１８６１，１８７１，１８８１．

Ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｉｎｌ８７１ｗｉｔｈｌ８８１，withtheexceptionsofcarpenters，

３６

bricklayers,ｂａｋｅｒｓａｎｄｌａｂｏｕｒｅｒｓ,othertradesreducedtheirnumbers・However，ｔｈｅ

ｃｅｎｓｕｓｉｎｌ８８１ｗｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｔｈｅｓｈａｒｐｒｅｃｅｓｓｉｏｎｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅ

ｌａｔｅｌ８７０ｓ，ａｎｄｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｌ８７０ｓｔｈｅｄｏｗｎｔｕｒｎｈａｄｂｅｅｎｍｏｒｅｍｏｄｅｒａｔｅａｎｄｌａｔｅｒ

ｔｈａｎｔｈｅｃｒｕｄｅｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎｏｆｃｅｎｓｕｓｆｉｇｕｒｅｓｗｏｕｌｄｓｕｇｇｅｓｔ，Ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｔｈｅ

ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｌａｂｏｕｒｅｒｓｈａｄｒｉｓｅｎｓｈａｒｐｌｙｆｒｏｍｌ８７１ｔｏｌ８８ＬＡｎｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｉｎｇ

ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｏｆｕｎｄｅｒｌｙｉｎｇｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｓｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｉｎｍａｎｙｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎｓｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ

ｉｎｌ８８１ｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｉｎｌ８６１・Ｓｈａｒｐｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｌ８７０ｓｗａｓ

ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄｏｎｃｏｒｋｃｕｔｔｅｒｓ－ａｌｒｅａｄｙｉｎｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｌ８６０ｓ－ａｎｄｏｎ

ｂｏｏｔａｎｄｓｈｏｅｍａｋｅｒｓａｎｄｔａｉｌｏｒｓ・Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｔｒａｄｅｓｗｅｌｌ

ｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｌ８７０ｓｗｈｉｃｈｈａｄｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄｂｏｔｈｍａｎｙＦｅｎｉａｎｒａｎｋａｎｄｆｉｌｅａｎｄｍａｎｙ

ＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｍｕｓｔｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｋｅｙｆａｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｗｅａｋｅｎｍｇｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｏｒｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓ・

Ｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｏｆｂｏｏｔａｎｄｓｈｏｅｍａｋｅｒｓａ､ｄｏｆｔａｉｌｏｒｓｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅ

ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｃｒｉｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＬｉｂｅｒｔｉｅｓａｒｅａ，Ｔｈｉｓｍｉｇｈｔｂｅｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓａｆａｃｔｏｒ

ｓｕｓｔａｉｎｉｎｇｅｘｔｒｅｍｉｓｍ,ｂｕｔｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄｔｈｅＬｉｂｅｒｔｉｅｓｈａｄｐａｓｓｅｄｉｔｓｐｅａｋ，

ｉｔｓｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｗａｓａｌｒｅａｄｙｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｔｏｆａｌｌ，ｔｈｅａｒｅａａｔｌａｒｇｅａｎｄｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ

ｗｉｔｈｉｎｉｔｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｓｔａｇｅｓｏｆｒｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ－ａｎｄｆｏｒｔｈｅ

ｆｉｒｓｔｔｉｍｅｃｏｍｆｏｒｔａｂｌｅａｒｔｉｓａｎｈｏｕｓｅｓｗｅｒｅｂｅｉｎｇｂｕｉｌｔｗｉｔｈｉｎｉｔｂｙｔｈｅ

ｌ８７０ｓ－ａｎｄｄｅｃｌｉｎｉｎｇｔｒａｄｅｓｌｉｋｅｃｌｏｔｈｉｎｇａｎｄｂｏｏｔｍａｋｉｎｇｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙ

ｄｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎａｔｅｌｙｈｉｔｂｙｅｍｉｇＩｒａｔｉｏｎ、ＦｅｎｉａｎｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅＬｉｂｅｒｔｉｅｓ

ｗｉｔｈｉｔｓｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｃｒａｆｔｓａｎｄｉｔｓｓｏｃｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｒｅｖｏｌｖｉｎｇａｒｏｕｎｄｉｔｓｏｗｎ

ａｇｅ－ｏｌｄｐｕｂｓｗａｓｎｏｔｓｉｍｐｌｙａｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｌ８６０ｓ,ｂｕｔｉｎａｗａｙ

ｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓｓｔｉｌｌｔｏｂｅｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｄｅｄａｒｉｇｈｔａｎｏｌｄｅｒｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏnaryfervour，ｔｈａｔ

ｏｆｔｈｅｌ７９０ｓｏｒａｋｉｎｔｏｔｈａｔｏｆｔｈｅＰａｒｉｓｔｈａｔＨａｕｓｓｍａｎｎｓｕｂｄｕｅｄｗｉｔｈｈｉｓｇｒｅａｔ

ｂｏｕｌｅｖａｒｄｓ、

Ｔｈｅａｒｔｉｓａｎｃｌａｓｓ，respondingtothesecircumstances,ｗａｓｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｏｔａｋｅａｎ

ａｃｔｉｖｅｐａｒｔｉｎｔｒａｄｅｕｎｉｏｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｔｏｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ,ｂｙ

ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｉｎｇｓｋｉｌｌｓａｎｄｂｙｌｉｍｉｔｉｎｇｅｎｔｒｙｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｐｐｒｅｎｔｉｃｅｓｈｉｐ、Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｗａｙ

ｓｋｉｌｌｅｄｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｆｏｒｍｅｄａｐｒｉｖｉｌｅｇｅｄｃｌａｓｓａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ,ｔｈｅｓｏ－ｃａｌｌｅｄ

‘labouraristocracy，．（113）Duringourperiod,inDublmtherewerelocally

orga、ｉｓｅｄｕｎｉｏｎｓａｎｄＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｂａｓｅｄｕｎｉｏｎｓｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅＡｍａｌｇａｍａｔｅｄＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｏｆ

３７

ＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｓａｎｄｔｈｅＡｍａｌｇａｍａｔｅｄＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｏｆＣａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒｓａｎｄＪｏｉｎｅｒｓ，Ａｎｄｓｏｍｅ

ｌｏｃａｌｌｙｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｄｕｎｉｏｎｓｍａｄｅｕｐｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＴｒａｄｅｓＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎａｓｅａｒｌｙａｓ

ｌ８６３.（114）Unskilledworkersalsogatheredtosomeextent;theAmalgamated

UnskilledLaboureｒ,ｓＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｈｅｌｄｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｏｆｉｔｓｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｉｎ

Ａｐｒｉｌｌ８７２.（115）Ｆｒｏｍｌ８７０ｔｏｌ８７２ｓｋｉｌｌｅｄａｎｄｕｎｓｋｉｌledworkersinDublin

carriedoutmaｎｙｓｔｒｉｋｅｓｆｏｒｈｉｇｈｅｒｗａｇｅｓａｎｄｓｈｏｒｔｅｒｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｈｏｕｒｓ、Ｉ、Ｊｕｌｙ

ｌ８７１ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔｌ,OOOcarpentersandothertradesmenstmckfor

higherwages.（116〕Threemonthslatercornporterswerｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｏｂｅon

strikeforhigherwages.（１１７）UndertheUnitedTmdesAssociation,tradeswhich

wereonstrike,ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｆｒｏmothertrades、ＩｎＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ

ｌ８７２ｃｕｒｒｉｅｒｓｏｎｓｔｒｉｋｅｚｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＥ５ｆｒｏｍｒｏｐｅｍａｋｅｒｓａｎｄE4fromcabinetmakers．

(１１８）Ｔｈｕｓｉｔｉｓｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｒclass,bothskilledandunskilled

workers,ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄｔｈｅｉｒｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｏｎｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｒａｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎ ｄ

ａｓｅｌｆｓａｃｒｉｆｉｃｉｎｇｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａ]Eymovement．

Ｐａｒｔ２ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓ，１８７４－９

TheｓｔａｇｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ

Ｆｒｏｍｌ８７４ｔｏｌ８７９ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｈａｄｔｗｏｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓｔｏｓｈｏｗｉｔｓ

ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｉｎｐｕｂｌｉｃ－ｔｈｅＯ'ConnellcentenarypZocessioninＡｐｒｉｌｌ８７５ａｎｄＪｏｈｎ

Ｏ'Mahony,ｓｆｕｎｅｒａｌｉｎＮａｒｃｈｌ８７７・ＩｎｔｈｅＯ，Connellcentenaryprocessionagreａｔ

ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｕｒｎｅｄｕｐ，ｂｕｔＦｅｎｉａｎｓｄｉｄｎｏｔｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｔｈｅｐｒｏcession、The

promoterswereboththeLiberalｓｗｈｏｓｏｕｇｈｔｔｏｅｘｐ１ｏｉｔｔｈｅｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎｔｏ

ｉｎａｕｇｕｒａｔｅａｎｅｗｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌｎｌｏｖｅＩｎｅｎｔａｎｄＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｒｓｗｈｏｗａｎｔｅｄｔｏｍaintain

theirinfluenceoverlrisｈｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ．（１１９）ＩｎＭａｙｌ８７７ｔｈｅｆｕｎｅｒａｌｏｆＪｏｈｎ

Ｏ，MahonyoccurredinDublin,ｗｈｅｎ15,OOOmenmarched.（120〕Ｂｕｔｉｔｓｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ

ｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅｓｅｅｎａｓａｍｅａｓｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｏｆｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｍＤｕｂｌｉｎｗｈｉｃｈ

ｗａｓｎｏｗｍｉｎｕｓｃｕｌｅ・

ＴｈｅｄｉｓｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｆｉｒｓｔｔｏｏｋｐｌａｃｅｉｎｌ８７２ａｎｄ

１８７３．Ｉｎｌ８７４ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｄｏｆｆｏｕｒｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｗｉｔｈａｔｏｔａｌ

３８

ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｈｉｐｉｎｅｘｃｅｓｓｏｆ３００・Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｍｏｒｅ，ｉｎＭａｴｃｈｌ８７４ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｂｒｏｋｅ

ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｎｄｆｏｒｎｅｄｔhemselvesintoanindependentbodyｃａｌｌｅｄ

ａＤｉｒｅｃｔｐｒｙ，ＯｆｔｈｅｆｏｕｒＤｕｂｌｉｎＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ，ｔｗｏＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｈａｄａｌｒｅａｄｙｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｄｔｈeir

positionsinl871．（121）ＡstherewassometurnoverofCentres,ｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔ

ｏｎｌｙｔｗｏＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｈｅｌｄｔｈｅｌｒｐｏｓｉｔｌｏｎｏｖｅｒａｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｔｈｒｅｅｙｅａｒｓｂｅａｒｓｏｕｔｔｈｅ

ｉｎｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ・Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｇｏｏｄｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅ

ｆｏｕｒＤｕｂｌｉｎＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ，However，ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈｅｎａｍｅｓｏｆｐｒoｍｉｎｅｎｔＦｅｎｉａｎｓ

ｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｉｎｌ８７４，ｓｏｔｈｅｆｏｕｒＣｅｎｔｒｅｓａｒｅｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｏｂｅａmongthesenames．

TableｌｌＰｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｌ８７４

Ｎａｍｅｓ Ｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎｓ

ＪｏｈｎＢａｒｒｙｃａｂｉｎｅｔｍａｋｅｒ

ＴｈｏｍａｓＢｒａｃｋｅｎ ｔａｉｌｏｒ

ＷｉｌｌｉａｍＢｒｏｐｈｙｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒ

ＪａｍｅｓＣｏｏｋｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒ

ＤｅｎｉｓＤｏｗｎｅｙ ｔａｉｌｏｒ

ＷｉｌｌｉａｍＤｕｎｎｅｗｉｎｅｐｏｒｔｅｒ

ＪｏｈｎＬｅｖｙ ｆｏｒｅｍａ、,Ｃａｎnon,Dunne＆Ｋｅｌｌｙｓ

ＪｏｈｎＮｕｌｌｅｎ

ＪｏｈｎＯ，Ｃｌｏｈｉｓｓｅｙｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｊｅｗｅｌｌｅｒ

ＪａｍｃｓＯ'Ｃｏｎｎｏｒｓｔａｆｆｏｆｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈｍａｎ

TｏｔａｌｌＯ

Sources:Ｃ・Ｐ・ＬａｋｅｔｏＵ.Ｓ、，６Ｊｕｎｅｌ８７４(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,8992Ｒ）;Ｃ・Ｐ・Ｌａｋｅｔｏ0.ｓ．，ｌ３

Ｊｕｎｅｌ８７４(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,8989Ｒ）;Ｃ､Ｐ・Ｌａｋｅｔｏ0.ｓ．，３Ｊulyl874(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，F

papers,9013R）;AssistantC・Ｐ・ＴａｌｂｏｔｔｏＵＳ．，ｌ６Ｊｕｌｙｌ８７４(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers，

9026R）;Ｃ・Ｐ・ＬａｋｅｔｏＵ.Ｓ、，２３Julyl874(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,9032R）．

３９

ComparedwiththenamesofpromineｎｔＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓｔｏｗａｒｄｓｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆ１８６９，

onlyThomasBrackenandJohnO，Ｃｌｏｌｈｉｓｓｅｙｗｅｒｅｏｎｔｈｅａｂｏｖｅｌｉｓｔ、Andbyearly

l871anewleadershipemergedintheDublinorganisation;PurcellLevy,McGrath,

McCarthyandMuldoon、ＯｎｌｙＬｅｖｙｗａｓａｎａｃｔｉｖｅＦｅｎｉａｎ・ＪｏｈｎＬｅｖｙｗａｓ,ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ

ｔｏｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ,ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔａｃｔｉｖｅＦｅｎｉａｎｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ:ｈｅｓｅｅｍｓｂｏｔｈｔｏｈａｖｅｔａｋｅｎｐａｒｔ

ｉｎｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇａｎｄｔｏｈａｖｅｂｅｃｏｍｅｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔａｆｔｅｒｗａｒｄｓ・Ｈｉｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｒｓｒｅｓｉｄｅｄ

ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｉｎＷａｔｌｉｎｇＳｔａｎｄＪａｍｅｓ，ｓＳｔａｎｄａｌｓｏｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｔｏｗｎｓｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎd

andEnglandasaresultofthecontactshistrade（ｈｉｄｅ,ｓｋｉｎ,leathertrade）

offered.（122）LevybecametherepresentativeforLelnsterintheSupreme

Councilinl875.（123）ThisappointmentseemstohavebeenpreludetotheDublin

organisationunderLevyjoiningtheSupremeCouncilpartyagain．

ＴｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｎｄＣｌａｎｎａＧａｅｌ

ＦｒｏｍｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅＬｅａｇｕｅｉｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ８７３，

theSupremeCouncilcooperatedwitｈＢｕｔｔａｎｄＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｒｓ；andtwomembersofthe

SupremeCouncｉｌ－ＪｏｓｅｐｈＢｉｇｇａｒａｎｄＪｏｈｎＯ，ConnorPower-enteredParliament・

However，ｂｙｌ８７６Ｂｕｔｔ'ｓＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｗｈｉｃｈｈａｄｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｕｃｈｗａｓ

ａｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｄｉｓｉｌｌｕｓｉｏｎｍｅｎｔｔｏｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓ・ＩｎＡｕＱｌｕｓｔｌ８７６ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ

adoptedａｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔＦｅｎｉａｎｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｗｉｔｈｄｒａｗｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ．

FｏｕｒｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ，ｗｈｏｔｏｏｋａｎａｃｔｉｖｅｐａｒｔｉｎｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕle

movement-JosephBiggａｒ，ＪｏｈｎＯ,ConnorPower，ＪｏｈｎＢａｒｒｙａｎｄＰａｔｒｉｃｋＥｇａｎ－

ｅｉｔｈｅｒｒｅｓｉｇｎｅｄｏｒｗｅｒｅｅｘｐｅｌｌｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｂｙＡｕｇｕｓｔｌ８７７・

ThoughBiggarandO'ＣｏｎｎｏｒＰｏｗｅｒｃｅａｓｅｄｔｏｂｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｏｆtheSupreme

Council，ｔｈｅｙｔｏｏｋａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔｐａｒｔｉｎ‘ｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ，ｔａｃｔｉｃｓａｔＷｅｓｔｍｉｎｓｔｅｒｗｉｔｈ

ＣｈａｒｌｅsStewartParnell．（１２４）

Ｔｈｉｓｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｃｏｎｆｕｓｉｏｎｉｎｔｏｔｈｅ１．Ｒ､Ｂ、ＦｏｒｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈＥｎｇｌａｎｄ

ｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ，ａｇａｉｎｓｔｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ’ｓａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ，ｗｉｔｈｄｒｅｗ ｉｔｓａｌｌｅｇｉａｎｃｅｔｏ

ｔｈｅＳｕｐｒemeCounciLFurthermore,ｔｈｅｅｘｐｕｌｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｒｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅ

ＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｇａｖｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｔｈｅｈｏｐｅｏｆｂｉｄｄｉｎｇｆｏｒｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅ

ｌ．Ｒ,Ｂ・ａｇａｉｎ；ｉｎｅａｒｌｙｌ８７６ｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎＢｒｏｔｈｅｒｈｏｏｄｉｎＡｍｅｒｌｃａｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｓｅｄ

４０

ＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓａｓｔｈｅｈｅａｄｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ，Ｉｎｄｅｅｄ，there-emergenceoftheStephens

pａｒｔｙｃｏｉｎｃｉｄｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｉｓａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅＨｏｍｅＲｕｌｅｒｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅme

Council，andStephensdevelopedhisstrengtｈｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒ・Ａｓｆａｒａｓ

ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｓconcerned，ｉｎＡｕｇｕｓｔｌ８７７Ｓｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｓｅｃｕｒｅｄｅｉｇｈｔ

ＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ－ｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｍ・ＰｒｏｂａｂｌｙｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎ

ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗithdrewitsallegiancefromtheSupremeCouncilagain.（125）Ｂｙ

ｅａｒｌｙｌ８７８ｔｈｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｐａｒｔｙ,ｗｈｏｓｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｈｏｌｄｗａｓＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒ,numbered

l,５００，ｗｈｅｒｅａｓｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｈａｄｌ９,ＯＯＯｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄａｎｄ

Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ.（126）

ＴｈｅｅｒｏｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ｂｙStephenswashaltedbyClannaGael(established

inAmericainl867）ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎＪｕｎｅｌ８７５ｈａｄａｌｒｅａｄｙａｎａｇｒeementwiththe

SupremeCouncil,givingltsassistancetoit.（127）ＩｎＪａｎｕａｒｙｌ８７８Ｃａｒｒｏｌｌｏｆ

ＣｌａｎｎａＧａｅｌｃａｍｅｔｏｌｒｅｌａｎｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｎｏｔｍｅｒｅｌｙｏｆｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅ

ＬＲ.Ｂ、，ｂｕｔｏｆｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｉｎｇｉｔａｎｄｈｅｍａｄｅａｆｏｕｒ－ｏｒ－ｆｉｖｅｍｏｎｔｈｔｏｕｒｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ

ｌｒｅｌａｎｄａｎｄＢｒｉｔａｉｎ・ＩｔｉｓｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｈａｔＣａｒｒｏｌｌｍｅｔｔｈｅｅｉｇｈｔＤｕｂｌｉｎＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｉｎ

Ｍａｙｌ８７８．ＡｎｄＣａｒｒｏｌｌｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｉｎｐｅｒｓｕａｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｔｏｔｈｒｏｗｔｈｅｉｒｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ

ｂｅｈｉｎｄｔheSupremeCouncil．（128）However,ｔｈｅｆｉｇｕｒｅｏｆｅｉｇｈｔＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ

ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｓａｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎｓｒａｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ・Ａｃｔｕａｌｍａｎｐｏｗｅｒｗａｓ

ａｌｍｏｓｔａｔａｎａｄｉｒｐｏｉｎｔ・

ＣａｒｒｏｌｌｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｄｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ｂｙｒｅｐｌａｃｉｎｇＣ.Ｇ・Ｄｏｒａｎ,ｔｈｅｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙｏｆｔｈｅ

ＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ，ｂｙＪｏｈｎＯ'Ｃｏｎｎｏｒ・Ｂｙｌ８７８ｔｈｅＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒｄｉｓｔｒｉｃｔｏｆｔｈｅSupreme

Council，ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅStephensparty,ｈａｄｄｅｔｅｒｉｏｒａｔｅｄ

ｔｏｓｕｃｈａｎｅｘｔｅｎｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎ,ＬｏｕｔｈａｎｄＷｅｘｆｏｒｄｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｓｗｅｒｅｏｕｔｏｆ

ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｂｙｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅCouncil．（129）Ｉｎｌ８７８ＪｏｈｎＬｅｖｙｒｅｓｉｇｎｅｄｆｒｏｍｏｒｗａｓ

ｄｅｐｏｓｅｄａｓｔｈｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｆｏｒＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒ－ｗｅｄｏｎｏｔｋｎｏｗｗｈｅｔｈｅｒｏｒｎｏｔ

Ｃａｒｒｏｌｌｗａｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｉｓ・ＷｅｈａｖｅｎｏｉｎｆｏｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔＬｅｖｙ，ssuccessor・

However，ｉｔｉｓｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｈａｔＬｅｖｙｗａｓｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｂｙＪａｍｅｓＯ，Ｃｏｎｎｏｒｏｆｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈｍａｎ，

ｗｈｏｗａｓｔｈｅｂｒｏｔｈｅｒｏｆＪｏｈｎＯ'Ｃｏｎｎｏｒ，ｔｈｅｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ，ｆｏｒ

ＪａｍｅｓＯ，ＣｏｎｎｏｒｗａｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｏｈａｖｅｓｏｍｅｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ

ｉ、1878．ＩｎＭａｙｌ８７８ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔJohnRyan(therepresentativefoエ

４１

thesouthofEngland）hadvisitedJamesO'Connor'ｓhouse.（130）ＡｎｄｉｎＤｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ

ｌ８７８ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｎｏｔｍｅｒｅｌｙｔｈａｔＵａｍｅｓＯ'ＣｏｎｎｏｒｏｆｔｈｅＩｒｉｓｈｍａｎｉｓｔｏ

ａｌｌｉｎｔｅｎｔｓｔｈｅｌｅａｄｅｒｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ，，butthatheconducted

correspondenｃｅｗｉｔｈＰａｒｉｓ,ｗｈｅｒｅｉｎＪａｎｕａｒｙｌ８７９ｔｈｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇoftheSupreme

Councilwasheld.（131）

ＴｈｅｎｅｗｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｎｄｎｅｗｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｆｏｒＬｅｉｎｓｔｅｒ

ｓｅｅｍｔｏｈａｖｅｒｅｖｉｖｅｄｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ，ａｎｄｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅ

Ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌｃｌａｉｍｅｄｉｎｌ８７９ｔｈａｔ２４,ＯＯＯｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｅｘｉｓｔｅｄｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄ,ａｎｄｔｈａｔ

Ｓｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｈａｄｏｎｌｙａｆｅｗｈｕｎｄｒｅｄｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｒｓ，ＩｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｎｌＹ５７６ｗｅｒｅｓａｉｄｔｏ

ｂｅｌｏｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ．ＩｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｈａｄｓｏｍｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｒｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ

ｂｕｔｔｈｅｉｒｎｕｍｂｅｒｗａｓ,however，ｖｅｒｙｓｍａｌｌ；Ｌｅｖｙ,ａｆｔｅｒｈｉｓｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｌ８７８，

joinedtheStephensparty,ｂｕｔｈｅａｐｐｅａｒｓｔｏｈａｖｅｆａｌｌｅｄｔｏｒｅｃｒｕｉｔａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆ

ｍｅｎｆｏｒＳｔｅｐｂｅｎｓ・

ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｎｕｍｂｅｒｅｄ３００ｉｎｌ８７４ａｎｄｆｉｖｅｙｅａｒｓｌａｔｅｒｉｎｌ８７９ｉｔ

ｈａｄ５７６ｎｅｍｂｅｒｓ・ＵｎｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｅｌＹｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅaboutthenumbero［ｉｔｓ

ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｙｅａｒｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｌ８７５ａｎｄｌ８７８．Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓｎｏｕｐｓｕｒｇｅｉｎ

ＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄ・Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｉｔｗｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂｅｆａｌｓｅｔｏａｓｓｕｍｅ

ｔｈａｔｆｒｏｍｌ８７４ｔｏｌ８７９ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｄｏｆｎｏｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａ

ｆｅｗｈｕｎｄｒｅｄＦｅｎｉａｎｓ・Ｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｃｉｒｃｌｅｓ

ｉｎｔｈｅｃａｐｉｔａｌｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｙｅａｒｓ；ｂｕｔｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ，ａｆｅｗ

ＣｅｎｔｒｅｓｍａｙｈａｖｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｄｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎａｎｄｅａｃｈｃｉｒｃｌｅｕｎｄｏｕｂｔｅｄｌｙｗａｓｆａｒｂｅｌｏｗ

ｔｈｅｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆ８２０ｍｅｎ・Ｎｏｒｄｉｄｗｅｈａｖｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔ

Ｃｅntres,ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓａｔｏｎｅｓｔａｇｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｌｙｈａｄｅｉｇｈｔＣｅｎｔｒｅｓ・Ｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｃｅ

ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｂｅｎａｍｅｓｏｆｔｅｎｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｌ８７６ａｎｄｌ８７９．

Ｔａｂｌｅｌ２ＰｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔＤｕｂｌｉｎＦｅｎｉａｎｓ，’８７６－９

ThomasBracken

PatrickBrennan

J．』・Ｃｌａｎｃｙ

ＤｒＣｏｌｂｅｔ

４２

RobertDunne

JohnLevy

P.』､ＭｃＡｌｉｓｔｅｒ

ＪｏｓｅｐｈＭｃＧｒａｔｈ

Ｐ・ＤＭｕｌｃａｈｙ

ＰａｔｒｉｃｋＲｏｇｅｒｓ

ＴｏｔａｌｌＯ

Ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ:Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Ｆ.Ｐ・Ｒｌ８６４－８０;Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Ａｆｉｌｅｓ,Ａ559,Ａ5９０．

ＰｅｒｈａｐｓｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅａｂｏｖｅｍｅｎｗｅｒｅCentres，Ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｌｉｓｔｓｏｆｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔ

ＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｌｙ,ｏｎｌｙｔｗｏｍｅｎ,ＴｈｏｍｓＢｒａｃｋｅｎａｎｄＪｏｈｎＬｅｖｙ,ｈａｄａ

ｌｏｎｇｒｅｃｏｒｄｏｆｗｏｒｋｆｏｒＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｍｅｎａｒｅｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｏｈａｖｅｒｉｓｅｎ

ｔｏｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｃｅｏｎｌｙａｆｔｅｒｌ８７６．

１ｎｓｐｉｔｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｔａｇｎａｎｔｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｍ

ＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｍｐｏｒｔｅｄａｒｍｓａｎｄｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｄｌＥｉｌｌｉｎｇｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄ、ＰｅｔｅｒＤｏｙｌｅ，

Ｈａｔｃｈｓｍｌｔｈ,ｒｅｓｉｄｉｎｇｉｎＡｕｎｑｉｅｒＳｔ,Ｃｌａｎｃｙｗｏｒｋｉｎｇａｔａｃｈｉｎａａｎｄｄｅｌｆｗａrehouse

inNicholasSt,ａｎｄＪｏｈｎＬｅｖｙｗｅｒｅｓａｉｄｔｏｉｍｐｏｒｔａｒｍsfromEngland.（132〕ＩｎＭａｙ

ｌ８７８ｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｃｅｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄｔｈｒｅｅｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇｐｌａｃｅｓ－５５ＢｏｌｔｏｎＳｔ，ｌＯＰｅｔｅｒＳｔａｎｄ

ｔｈｅＯｌｄＴｅｍｐｅｒａｎｃｅＨａ11,CuffeLane.（133）However,ａｓｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｍｓａｔｉｏｎ

ｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｄ，Ｆｅｎｉａｎａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ，ｉｍｐｏｒｔｉｎｇａｒｍｓａｎｄｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇ，ａｌｓｏｌｏｓｔｖｉｇｏｕｒ・

ＩｎＯｃｔｏｂｅｒｌ８７８ＪｏｈｎＤｅｖｏｙａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｏｆＣｌａｎｎａＧａｅｌｍａｄｅａｎｅｗ

ｐｒｏｐｏｓａｌ，ｔｈｅｓｏ－ｃａｌｌｅｄＪＮｅｗＤｅｐａｒｔｕｒｅ’ｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｄＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｎｄ

ｔｏｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｔｓ，ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙＰａｒｎｅｌｌ・ＴｈｅＮｅｗＤｅｐａｒｔｕｒｅｗａｓｔｈｅ

ｆｕｔｕｒｅｐｌａｎｏｆｔｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・ｄｒａｗｎｕｐｂｙＣｌａｎｎａＧａｅｌ，ａｎｄｉｔｓｅｔｆｏｒｔｈｆｉｖｅｐｏｉｎｔｓ：

firstly,ＦｅｎｉａｎｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｒｅｊｅｃｔＢｕｔｔ'ｓｆｅｄｅｒａｌｉｓｍ;ｓｅｃｏｎｄｌｙ,ｔｈｅｌａｎｄｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ

ｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｐａｉｄｍｏｒｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ；ｔｈｉｒｄｌｙ，Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｅｘｃｌｕｄｅａｌｌｓｅｃｔａｒｉａｎ

ｉｓｓｕｅｓ；ｆｏｕｒｔｈｌｙ,ｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ

ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ､Ｂ・；ｆｉｆｔｈｌｙ，Ｉｒｉｓｈｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｔｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔall

oppressednationalities.（134）

４３

ＴｈｅＮｅｗＤｅｐａｒｔｕｒｅｗａｓｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄａｔｔｈｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｉｎＰａｒｉｓ

,l9-26Januaryl879・Ｄｅｖｏｙａｔｔｅｎｄｅｄｔｈｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｂｕｔｈｅｆｏundnosupportexcept

fromNichaelDａｖｉｔｔ,ｔｈｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｏｆＥｎｇｌａｎ。、Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔ，the

SupremeCouncilrejectedtheNewDeparture,althoughFenianswereaUowedtovotｅ

ａｔｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｗｅｒｅｕｒｇｅｄｔｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｔｈｅｌｏｃａｌｐｕｂｌｉｃｂｏｄｉｅｓ．

(135）Thus,thoughtheSupremeCouncilitselfheldalooffromengagingbothin

conｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｉｎａｇｒａｒｉａｎａｇｉｔａｔｉｏｎ,ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ､Ｂ・ｉｎ

ｒｕｒａｌａｒｅａｓｗｈｏｃｏｕｌｄｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔｔｈｅｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｖｅｂｙｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｔｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ

ｐｕｂｌｉｃｂｏｄｉｅｓａｓａｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｉｎｆａｖｏｕｒｏｆｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｏｎ,ｗｅｒｅａｂｌｅｔｏｔａｋｅｐａｒｔ

ｉｎｔｈｅＬａｎｄＷａｒ.（136）Bycontrast,theDublinFenianstotallydisallowedtheNew

Departure・ＩｎＪａｎｕａｒｙｌ８７９ａｐｒｏｃｌａｍａｔｉｏｎｔｏｄｅnouncetheNewDeparturewas

placardedinDublin.（137）AndinAprilwhenDavittvisitedFenians’drilling

places,theNewDepartureWashissedbytheFeniansthere.（138）

Ｂｙｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｌ８６０ｓＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｔｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ,ａｎｄｍａｄｅ

ａｓｔｒｏｎｇｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎｗｉｔｈａｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｈｉｐｗｈｉｃｈｍａｙｈａｖereachedten

thousand・Subsequently，ａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｓｗｅｒｅｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＴａｌｌａｇｈｔ

ａｆｆａｉｒ，ｔｈｅｐｏｏｒｌｙｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｄｒｉｓｉｎｑｉｎＭａｒｃｈｌ867．Ａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ

ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙｌ８７０ｓ,ｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｄａ、ｄｉｔｓｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｓｅｅｍｔｏ

ｈａｖｅａｍｏｕｎｔｅｄｔｏｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎｌＯｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｏｆｔｈｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｂｅｆｏｒｅ

ｔｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇ・Ｂｙｔｈｅｌａｔｅｌ８７０ｓｔｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｃｏｎｆｍｅｄｔｏａｓｍａｌｌ

ｇｒｏｕｐｏｆｍｅｎ・However，ｔｈｅｙｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄＦｅｎｉａｎｏｒｔｈｏｄｏｘｙｂｙｉｍｐｏｒｔｉｎｇａｒｍｓａｎｄ

ｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇ,ａｎｄｗｅｒｅｏｐｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏnａｌｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｔｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄ

ｐａｒｌｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ、Ｆｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｄｂｕｔｉｔｎｅｖｅｒｔｏｔａｌｌｙｄｉｓａｐｐｅａｒｅｄ・

InDecember1878SuperintendentＭａｌｌｏｎｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅｖｉｖａｌｏｆＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍ

ｍｉｇｈｔｔａｋｅｐｌａｃｅａｌｔｈｏｕｑｈｈｅｄｉｄｎｏｔｔｈｍｋｔｈａｔＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｗｏｕｌｄｒｅｖｉｖｅｔｏｔｈｅ

ｓａｍｅｅｘｔｅｎｔａｓｉｎｔｈｅ1860ｓ：

Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｎｏｔherclassofpersonswhoareaccustoｍｅｄｔｏｍｅｅｔａｔ

ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｐｌａｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓｏｆｄｒｉｌｌｉｎｇａｎｄ

ｏｔｈｅｒｗｉｓｅｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｉｎｇｓｏｍesecretmovement・Ｔｈｅｙｄｏｎｏｔａｐｐｅａｒｔｏｈａｖｅ

ｂｅｅｎｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｓｔａｔｅｏｆｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌａｆｆａｉｒｓｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙａｎｄｔｈｅｙ

４４

ｈａｄｎｏｔｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｃｅｔｏｒｅｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｍｃａｐａｂｌｅｏｆｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅａｃｅ

ｏｆｔｈｉｓｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｏｎａｖｅｒｙｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｓｃａｌｅｕｎｄｅｒａｎｙｃｉｒｃｕｍｓｔａｎｃｅｓ,ｂｕｔ

ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｎｏｄｏｕｂｔｄｉｓｌｏｙａｌ，ｖｅｒｙｇｕｌｌａｂｌｅ,alndwouldbemischievous

materｉａｌｉｎｔｈｅｈａｎｄｓｏｆａｃｌｅｖｅｒｋｎａｖｅ．．、Ｉｔｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏ

ｒｅｖｉｖｅＦｅｎｉａｎｉｓｍｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄ,ｓｏａｓｔｐｂｒｉｎｑｉｔｕｐｔｏｔｈｅｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｉｔ

ａｓｓｕｍｅｄｉｎｌ８６５,andsubsequently.（139）

Ａｓｔｈｅｗｉｓｄｏｍｏｆｈｉｎｄｓｉｇｈｔｔｅｌｌｓｕｓ，ｔｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｉｎｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｒ

ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｎｅｗｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｗｈｏｈａｄｎｏｔｌｉｖｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｌ８６７ｒｉｓｉｎｇ

ｓｔａｒｔｅｄａｎｏｔｈｅｒｒｉｓｉｎｇａｔＥａｓｔｅｒｌ９１６．

Ｎｏｔｅｓ

ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｓａｒｅｖｉｓｅｄｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆＣｈａｐｔｅｒ９ｏｆａＰｈＤｔｈｅｓｉｓ‘ＴｈｅＤｕｂｌｉｎ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓ，１８５８－７９，ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄｂｙＴｒｉｎｉｔｙＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｉｎ１９９０．Ａｓｎｙｓｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｏｒ，

Ｐｒｏｆ．Ｌ､Ｍ､Ｃｕｌｌｅｎｇｕｉｄｅｄｍｅｗｉｔｈｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｅｎｃｏuragement，ｆｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｌｏｗｅａｓｐｅｃｉａｌ

ｄｅｂｔｏｆｑｒａｔｉｔｕｄｅ．

（１）NationalLibraryoflreland(Ｎ､Ｌ・Ｉ．）,Devoypapers,ＭＳｌ８０３６．

（２）Specialcommissionactl888:ｒｅｐｒｉｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｈａｎｄｎｏｔｅｓｏｆｔｈespeeches，

ｐｒｏｃｅｅｄｉｎｇｓａｎｄｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｔａｋｅｎｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｅｒｓａｐｐｏｉｎｔｅｄｕｎdｅｒｔｈｅ

abovenamedact（１２ｖｏｌｓ・London,1890）,ｖｏｌ､４，ｐｐ５０５－１１．

（３）Ｆ､Ｓ､Ｌ・Lyons，‘Fenianism,’867-1916,,inMoody(ｅｄ．）,TheFenianmovement(Cork，

1968），ｐ､３８．

（４）SuptRyantoCommissionersofDublinMetropolitanPolice(Ｃ､Ｐ.）,ｇＭａｒ､１８６７

（ChiefSecretary'ｓOffice,Registeredpapers(Ｃ､Ｓ､0.,Ｒ・Ｐ.）1867/3999）．

（５）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，ｌ３Ｎａｒ・'867(Ｃｓ､0.,Ｒ・Ｐ､1867/4420）;ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，ｌ４

Ｍａｒ､1867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1867/4536）;StatePaperOffice(Ｓ．Ｐ．０.）,Fenianbriefs，

ｐｐ１６１－２．

（６）Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fenianbriefs,８．

（７）ＳｅｅＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＪａｍｅｓＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，ｚ８Ｓｅｐｔ､1867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ,1867/17098）．

（８）ThoughthenameJohnWalshoccursinｂｏｔｈＴａｂｌｅ９:２ａｎｄＴａｂｌｅ９:３，ｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅ

ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｐｅｒｓｏｎｓ．

４５

（９）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，ｌｌＮｏｖ､1867(Ｃ,Ｓ､0.,Ｒ・Ｐ､1867/20374）;ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.,２２

Ｎｏｖ・'867(Iｂｉｄ.）

(１０）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，２０Mayl867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1867/8894）．

(11）Ｃ・Ｐ,ＬａｋｅｔｏＵＳ.,２１Dec､1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Fpapers,7931Ｒ〕．

(１２）StephenstoE・Walsh,ｌ９Ｎｏｖ､1874(Ｎ､Ｌ,１．，Stephenspapers,MslO492）．

(１３）Ｎ､Ｌ､１．，Ｊ・Ｆ.Ｘ,Ｏ'Brienpapers,MSl6695,ｐ､２１７．

(１４）Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Fenianbriefs,８．

(15）Ｒ､Anderson，‘Fenianism:anarraLivebyonewhoknows，,ContemporaryReview，

xix,（1872),ｐｐ６３８－９;Comerford,TheFeniansincontext(Dublin,1985）,ppl56-7．

(16）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，ｌ８Ｊｕｎｅｌ８６７(ＣＳ､0.,Ｒ､Ｐ､1867/474ｏｎｌ８６７/21886)．

(１７）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，ｌ１Ｎｏｖ､1867(Ｃ､Ｓ､0.,Ｒ,Ｐ,1867/20374）．

(１８）Irishman,２９Ａｕ9.1868;Anderson，‘Fenianism:anarraLivebyonewhoknows’，ｐｐ

638-9;Comerford,ＴｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ,ｐ・’５７．

(１９）Ｊ・Devoy,RecollectionsofanIrishrebel(NewYork,1929），ｐｐ２３８－９．

(20）Ｐ・OuinlivanandP・Rose,TheFeniansinEnglandl865-l872(London,1982),pｐ４３－

７５．

(２１）Ｄ､０，SullivanLoColonelRoberts,２Ｊａｎ､1868(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Ａｆｉｌｅｓ,Ａ３１７）．

(22）ＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＪａｍｅｓＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，２１０ｃｔ､1867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ､Ｐ,1867/l8480on

l867/19068);ＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＪａｍｅｓＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，３１０ｃｔ､1867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ､Ｐ，

1867/19246);ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.,４Ｎｏｖ､1867(Ｃ,Ｓ､0.,Ｒ・Ｐ,1867/l9348on

l867/19481）;ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.,５Ｎｏｖ､1867(Ｃ・ｓｏ.，Ｒ・Ｐ､1867/l9381on2266R）．

(23）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，ｌ９Ｄｅｃ,1867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ．，1867/22145〕．

(24）Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Afiles,Ａ３１６．

(25）Ｔ､Ｗ・MoodyandL.Ｏ'Broin(eds.），`ＴｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ、SupremeCouncil，，IrishHistorical

Studies,ｘｉｘ,ｎｏ,７５(1975），ｐ､２９９．

(26）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ・'５Ｊａｎ､1868(Ｃ,Ｓ､０．，Ｒ､Ｐ､1868/12619）．

(27）Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,ｐ,165．ＳｅｅＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，６ＩＩａｒ・’866（

Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,l667Ronl822R〕．

(28）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，６Ｍaと､1868(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,l667Ronl822R）;ＳｕｐＬＲｙａｎｔｏ

Ｃ・Ｐ.，ｌ６Ｍａｒ・'868(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,2475R）．

４６

(29）Ｃ・Ｐ.Ｏ'FerralltoChiefSecretary,２６Sept､1868(Ｎ､Ｌ､１．，Larcompapers,MＳ

7694）．

(30）ＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＪａｍｅｓＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ．，８０ｃｔ､1868(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,3392Ｒｏｎ４２１６Ｒ）．

(３１）Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,ｐｐｌ６５－６．

(32〕ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ.Ｐ・'５Mayl869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,４１６１Ｒ〕．

(33）ＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＪａｍｅｓＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ．，２９Julyl869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpdpers,4446Ｒｏｎ

4476R）．

(34）Ｒ､Ｖ・Comerford,CharlesKickham(1828-1882)(Dublin,1979〕,ｐ､１２１;ＴｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎ

ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ，ｐｐｌ６Ｌｌ６６．

(３５）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，ｌ２Ｓｅｐｔ､１８６９(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,4564Ｒｏｎ４５８４Ｒ）;ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔ

ＲｙａｎｔｐＣ､Ｐ．，２８Ｊａｎ､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5614Ｒｏｎ５６５９Ｒ）．

(36）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ．，２９Ｎｏｖ､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5086Ｒｏｎ５１７４Ｒ）．

(37）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ.Ｐ、，２０Ｄｅｃ､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5319Ｒｏｎ６００１Ｒ）．

(38）Ｓ,AndersontoLarcom,ｌ９Ｄｅｃ､1869(Ｎ､Ｌ､１．，Larcompapers,Ｍｓ７６９４〕．

(39）ＣｈｌｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，ｌＯＮｏｖ､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Ｆｐａｐ己ｒｓ,4902R）;Comerford,Ｔｈｅ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ，ｐｐｌ６５－６，１７０;Ｎ・Johnson，‘Thefenianamnestymovement，

1869-1879',Ⅱ.A・thesisMaynooth,1980.

(40）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎＬｏＣ・Ｐ．，２６Ｓｅｐｔ､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,４６U5Ron7622R;4683Ｒｏｎ

7622Ｒ;ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，１００ｃｔ､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,4699R）．

(４１）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，ｌ３ＳｅｐｔＪ８６９(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,4739Ｒ）．

(42）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ．，５Nov1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Fpapers,4877Ｒｏｎ４９５６Ｒ）．

(43）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，２９Ｎｏｖ・’869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5086Ｒｏｎ５１７４Ｒ）．

(４４）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ．，ｌ９Ｎｏｖ､１８６９(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,4956Ｒ）;ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎ

ｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，Ｚ９Ｎｏｖ・’869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5086Ｒｏｎ５１７４Ｒ）．

(45）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，２９Ｄｅｃ､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5378Ｒｏｎ５５６２Ｒ”Ｃｈｉｅｆ

ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ．，３０Ｄｅｃ・’８６９(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5388Ｒ）；ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏ

Ｃ・Ｐ．，２Ｆｅｂ,1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,７１４１ＲＬ

〔46）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，２０Mayl870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6450R〕;Ｍｏｏｄｙａｎｄ

Ｏ，Ｂｒｏｉｎ(ｅｄｓ．），‘ＴｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・SupremeＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ，，ｐｐ３０７－ｌ４．

(４７）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，２０Ｍａｒ､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpdpers,6046R）．

４７

(48）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，８Ａｐｒ,1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6146Ｒｏｎ６２００Ｒ）．

(49）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，２２Julyl870(Ｃ・ｓｏ.，Ｒ・Ｐ､1870/l4701onl870/20587）．

(５０）ＡｓｅａｒｌｙａｓＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒｌ８６９,Ｔ､Ｆ､McCarthy,oneofStephens'sadherents,started

ajournal,thePeopleoflrelandagainstthelrishman(theSupremeCouncil'ｓ

organ〕・GeorgeHopper,abrotherinlaworStephens,andotherFenianswere

involvedintｈｅａｔｔｅｍｐｔ,ｂｕｔａｂｏｕｔｔｈｒｅｅｍｏｎｔｈｓｌｄＬｅｒｔｈｅＰｅoｐｌｅｏｆｌｒｅｌａｎｄ

ceasedtoexist.（ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ.Ｐ・'２６Ｓｅｐｔ・’869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,4666Ｒ）；

ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ・'４Ｄｅｃ､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5169R）;ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎ

ｔｏＣ.Ｐ､，l3Dec,1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5244Ｒｏｎ５３６６Ｒ)）．Ｉｔｉｓｃｌｅａｒｔｈａｔｉｎ

ｌ８６９ｔｈｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｐａｒｔｙｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏｅｒｏｄｅｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｐｒｅｍｅ

Ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌ，ｗｈｉｃｈｈａｄｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｅｄｉｔｓｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｓｂｙｉｓｓｕｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ

ｉｎAugust１８６９．ＡｇｅｎｔｓｆｏｒＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｗｈｏｒｅｓｉｄｅｄｉ、France,ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄｔｏ

ｅｎｇａｇｅｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｓｉｎｇＦｅｎｉａｎｓｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐｏｆＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｉｎｓｐｉｔｅｏｆ

ｔｈｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅＰｅｏｐｌｅｏｆIreland.（Stephensto－，６Ａｐｒ、1870(Trinity

CollegeDublin(Ｔ､ＣＤ.）,Davittpapers,9659./22)）．

(５１）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ．，２０Julyl870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6656Ｒｏｎ９０８８Ｒ);Ｃｈｉｅｆ

ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，２５Julyl870(Ｃ､Ｓ､0.,Ｒ･Ｐ,1870／14780）;ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏ

Ｃ・Ｐ.，ｌＡｕ9.1870(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，ＲＰ・’870/15176）．

(５２）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，２２Julyl870(Ｃｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1870/l4701onl870/20587）．

ＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＭａｌｌｏｎｔｏＣＰ.，８０ct､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Ｒ,Ｐ､1870/18727）;Comerford,Ｔｈｅ

Ｆｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ,ｐ・’８４．

(５３〕ＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＭａｌｌｏｎｔｏＣＰ.，ｌ０Ｓｅｐｔ､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6816R)．

(５４）ＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＭａｌｌｏｎｔｏＣＰ．，２２Ｓｅｐｔ・’870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6852R）;Comerford，

ＴｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ,ｐ、１８７．

(55）Ｔ・ＣＤ．，Davittpapers,9659./265．

(５６）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，７Ｄｅｃ,1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,7019Ｒ）．

(57）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，７Ｍａｒ､1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,7233Ｒｏｎ７３８８Ｒ);Ｃｈｉｅｆ

ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ.，ｌ６Ｍａｒ､1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Fpapers,7241Ｒｏｎ７３０４Ｒ）．

(５８）Ｔ・ＣＤ.，Davittpapers,9659./２８;9659./３０;9659./265．

(59）Ｉｂｉｄ.，9659./266．InAugustl871Stephensdissolvedthecommitteeandtried

４８

ｔｏｃｒｅａｔｅａｎｅｗｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｔｏｒｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｅｈｉｓｐａｒｔｙｉｎｌｒｅｌａｎｄ，Ｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏ

ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔＳｔｅｐｈｅnｓ’ｓｉｎｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｎｄｉｓｓｏｌｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ,ｂｕｔ

ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｔｈｅｃｏｎｌｍｉｔｔｅｅｄｉｄｎｏｔｗｏｒｋｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ．ＡＬｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｈａｄ

ｔｈｒｅｅａｇｅｎｔｓ,ＨａｎｌｅｙＣａｒｅｙ,JohnBrady,ａｎｄａｔｈｉｒｄｏｆｗｈｏｍｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏ

ｄｅｔａｉｌｓ，Ｔｈｅｙｂｅcamemembersofthenewco□mittee.（Ｎ､Ｌ､１．，Stephenspapers，

MS10492;ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ・’８Ａｕ9.1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,7545Ｒｏｎ

7622R)）．

(６０）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，５Ｓｅｐｔ・’871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,7626Ｒ）．

(６１）Ｃｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1881/6856．Stephenscontinuedtomdkeeveryefｆｏｒｔｔｏｒｅｇａｉｎ

ｈｉｓａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｌ．Ｒ､Ｂ・ｉｎｌ８７２ａｎｄｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｉｎｄｏｉｎｇｓｏｉｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎ

ａｒｅａｓ・Ｉｎｅａｒｌｙｌ８７２ｈｅｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａｎａｇｅｎｃｙｏｆａＦｒｅｎｃｈｗｉｎｅｆｉｒｍａｔ

ＭｅｒｃｈａｎｔｓOuaylnthecitywithGeorgeHopper,andStephens,ssupporters，

ｓｕｃｈａｓｐｅｒｓｏｎｓｏｆ‘ｔｈｅｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌＦｅｎｉａｎＳｃｈｏｏｌｉｎｔｈｅｌｒｉｓｈＰｅｏｐｌｅＯｆｆｉｃｅ’

resortedtotheplace.（Ｃ・Ｐ､ＬａｋｅｔｏＵＳ．．，２３Ｆｅｂ､1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers，

8039Ｒ)）．InFebruaryl872ameetingwasheldbetweentheStephensparty

andtheSuｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｌｌｐａｒｔｙ;Ｊ・Ｆ.Ｘ,Ｏ'ＢｒｉｅｎａｎｄＪｏｈｎＮｏｌａｎｆｒｏｐｔｈｅ

ＳｕｐｒｅｍｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌｍｅｔＪｏｈｎＢｒａｄｙｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｐａｒｔｙ・Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ

ｄｉｄｎｏｔｐｒｏｍｏｔｅａｎｙｉ、proveｍｅｎｔｉｎｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅＳｔｅｐｈensandthe

SupremeCouncilparties.（Ｃ・Ｐ・ＬａｋｅｔｏＵＳ．，．ｌ４Ｆｅｂ､1872(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers，

8028R)）．

(６２）TheDublinorganisationshoweditsｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｌａｔｔｅｒｈａｌｆｏｆｌ８７１・Ｉｎ

ＪｕｌｙＴｈｏｍａｓＴａｌｂｏｔ,ｅｘ－ＨｅａｄＣｏｎｓｔａｂｌｅｏｆｔｈｅＲｏｙａｌｌｒｉｓhConstabulary,ｗｈｏ

ｈａｄｂｅｅｎｎｏｔｏｒｉｏｕｓａｍｏｎｇＦｅｎｉａｎｓａｓａｓｐｙ,ｗａｓｓｈｏｔｄｅａｄｂｙＲｏｂｅｒｔＫｅｌｌｙ、

ＡｆｔｅｒｔｈｅａｒｒｅｓｔｏｆＫｅｌｌｙ,ｍｏｎｅｙｗａｓｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｄｅｆｅｎｄｉｎｇ

Ｋｅｌｌｙａｎｄｒｅｌｉｅｖｉｎｇｈｉｓｗｉｆｅａｎｄｆａｍｉｌｙ,andconsequentlytheDefence

Commiｔｔｅｅｗａｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ・ＴｈｏｍａｓＢｒａｃｋｅｎ，ｗｈｏｂｅｃａｍｅｃｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｏｕｓｔｏＷａｚｄｓ

ｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｌ８６９，ｔｏｏｋａｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔｐａｒｔｉｎｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｌｎｇｍｏｎｅｙｆｏｒＫｅｌｌｙａｎｄ

ｗａｓｔｏｈａｖｅｃｏｌｌｅctedZ300.（ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，ｌ２Ｊｕｌｙｌ８７１(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ、

1871/l3098o、1871/14460）；ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，２１Ｊｕｌｙ1871(Ｃｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ、

1871／l3731onl871／15406）;ActingSuptMallontoC・Ｐ．，３０ｃｔ､1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，

４９

Fpapers,7717Ｒｏｎ７７４７Ｒ);ActingSuptMallontoC・Ｐ.，１６０ｃｔ､1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，

Fpapers,7747Ｒ〕）．

(63）WehavenoinformationconcerningthenumbersintheStephensparty、Ｔｈｅ

ｐａｒｔｙｗａｓｓａｉｄ,however，ｔｏｍａｋｅｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｏｕｔｓｉｄｅＤｕｂｌｉｎｉｎＭunster，

ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎＣｏｒｋ・ＩｎＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙｌ８７２ｔｈｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｈｏｌｄｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｔｅｐｈｅｎｓｐａｒｔｙ

ｗｅｒｅｓａｉｄｔｏｂｅＤｕｂｌｉ、,Ｃｏｒｋ,Ｌｉｍｅｒｉｃｋ,Ｃｌａｒｅ,Ｗｅｘｆｏｒｄ,Ｇａｌｗａｙ,Nonaghan,Ｃａvan，

ＢｅｌｆａｓｔａｎｄＮｅｗｒｙ・Ｂｕｔｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅnumberofthe

Stephensparty.(Ｃ・Ｐ､ＬａｋｅｔｏＵＳ．，ｌ２Ｄｅｃ､1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,7908R）；

Ｃ､Ｐ・ＬａｋｅｔｏＵ.Ｓ，，l6Dec､1871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,7916R);Ｃ,Ｐ､ＬａｋｅｔｏＵＳ.，２３

Ｆｅｂ・’871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,8039R);Ｃ,Ｐ・ＬａｋｅｔｏＵＳ．，，MalE､1872(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，F

papersBO79Ron8118R)）．

(64）ＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＪａｍｅｓＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，７Junel869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，fpapers,4278R）．

(65）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ.Ｐ､，２７Ａｐｒ､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,4026Ｒｏｎ４１７０Ｒ）．

(66）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ．，ｌ７Ｎｏｖ､１８７０(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6977Ｒｏｎ６９９５Ｒ）;Ｃｈｉｅｆ

ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ．，２５Ｎｏｖ､1876(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6995R）．

(67）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ．，２６Ｊａｎ,1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5599R）．

(６８）Ｃ・Ｐ・ＬａｋｅｔｏＵＳ．，２１Ｄｅｃ・’871(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,7931Ｒ）．

(69）Ｔ､ＷＭｏｏｄｙ,Davittandlrishrevolutionl846-82(Oxford,1981）,ｐｐ５０，５３，５７．

(７０）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ．,３１Dec､1869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5403R）．

(７１）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，ｌＦｅｂ､１８７０(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5044Ｒｏｎ５８３３Ｒ）;Ｃｈｉｅｆ

ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，２５Feb､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5833R）．

(７２）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ.，２４Ｊａｎ､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5578Ｒｏｎ５６９４Ｒ）．

(７３）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，３１Ｍａｒ・'870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6090Ｒｏｎ６０９５Ｒ）;Ｃｈｉｅｆ

ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，ｌＡｐｒ・’870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6095R）．

(７４）Moody,Ｄａｖｉｔｔａｎｄｌｒｉｓｈｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ,ｐｐ８０－ｌ．

(７５）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，ｌＯＭａｙｌ８７０(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6388R）.ＳｅｅＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔ

ＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ.,２Mayl870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6344Ｒ）．

(76）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，２２Julyl870(ＯＳ､0.,Ｒ､Ｐ､1870/l4701onl870/20587〕．

(７７〕ActingSuptMallonCP．，２３Ｓｅｐｔ・’870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6848Ｒ）;ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎ

ｔｏＣ､Ｐ．，２２０ｃｔ,1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6926R）．

５０

(78）ＭｏｏｄｙａｎｄＯ,Broin(eds.），`ＴｈｅｌＲ.Ｂ・SupremeCouncil，，ｐ,３１４．

(79）MoodyPavittandlrishrevolution,ｐ・’23.

(80）Ｋ､Ｔ・Hoppen,Elections,ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ,andsocietyinlrelandl832-1885

（Oxford,1984），ｐ､３１．

(８１）Ｉｂｉｄ.，ｐｐ４０－ｌ．

(82）MBourke,JohnO,Leary:astudyinlrishseparatlsm(Tralee,1967）,ｐ､93；

D・Thornley,IsaacButtandhomerule(London'1964）,ｐｐ５８－９．

(83）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，２６Ｊａｎ､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5599R〕．

(84〕Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,ｐｐｌ７８－９;Thornley,IsaacButt,ｐｐ７２－３．

(85）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．,２６Ｊａｎ､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5599R);ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎ

ｔｏＣ.Ｐ､，２８Ｆｅｂ､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5859R)．

(86）ＮｏｏｄｙａｎｄＯ'Broin(eds.），‘ＴｈｅＬＲ.Ｂ・SupremeCouncil，，ｐ､３１０．

(87）Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,ｐ､１８８．

(８８〕Hoppen,Elections,ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ,ａｎｄsociety,ｐ､５１．

(89）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.,２６Ｊａｎ､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5599R）．

(90）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ.Ｐ、，ｌＯＡｕｇ､1870(Ｃ､Ｓ､0.,ＲＰ､1870/l5741onl870/16147）；

ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ,Ｐ．，ｌｌＡｕｇ・’870(Ｃｓ,0.,Ｒ・Ｐ､1870/l5763onl870/16147）；

ＡｃｔｍｇＳｕｐｔＭａｌｌｏｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，ｌ０Ｓｅｐｔ・’870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,6816R）;Thornley，

ＩｓａａｃＢｕｔｔ,ｐｐｌｌＯ－ｌ．

(９１）ActingSuptMallontoC・Ｐ．，２Ｓｅｐｔ・’870(Ｃｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1870/l6974on

l870/20587）．

〔92）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ．，３Ｆｅｂ､1871(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ,1871/2365）．

(93）Ｃ・Ｐ・ＬａｋｅｔｏＵＳ.，１５０ｃｔ､1872(Ｃ,Ｓ､0.,Ｒ,Ｐ､1872/15619）．

(94）Thornley,IsaacButt,Chapter4．

(95）Ｊbid.,ppl76,171,207.1,1872thesecretballotwasintroduced・ＩｎＡｐｒｉｌ

ｌ８６９Ｆ、Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ,ａｍａｇｉｓｔｒａｔｅｉｎＤｕｂｌｉｎ,ｓｔａｔｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅＣａｔｈｏ１ｉｃｐｒｉｅｓｔｓ

ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｏｒａｔｅｍｖｏｔｉｎｇ,ａｎｄｔｈａｔ‘Ｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｖｏｔｉｎｇｐａｐｅｒｓ

Ｗｅｒｅｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄａｔｔｈｅｃｈａｐｅｌ，ａｎｄｏｆｃｏｕｒｓｅｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅｓｉｇｎｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｕｎｄｅｒ

ｔｈｅｉｎｆｌuenceofthepriests’．(Reportfromtheselectcommitteeon

pａｒ１ｉａｍｅｎｔａｒｙａｎｄｍｉｎｉｃｉｐａｌ electioms,Ｈ､01868-9(３５２），ｖｉｉｉ,ｐ,176）．Ｓｏｔｈｅ

５１

ｓｅｃｒｅｔｂａｌｌｏｔｍｉｇｈｔｈａｖｅｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｅｄｔｈｅＣａｔｈｏｌｉｃｐｒｉｅｓｔｓｆｒｏｍｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｉｎｇ

ｖｏｔｅｒｓｉｎｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ，ｂｕｔｗｅｄｏｎｏｔｋｎｏｗｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｃｒｅｔｂａｌｌｏｔ

uponsubsequentelections．

(96〕Ｃ・Ｐ､ＬａｋｅｔｏＵＳ．，２３Ｊｕｌｙ1874(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,9032R)．

(97〕ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，ｇＤｅｃ・’867(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1867/21364on5282R）．See

Comerford,ＴｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ,ｐｐｌ４８－５０．

(98）ＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，８Dec・’867(Ｃｓ､０．，Ｒ､Ｐ,1867/21363on5282R）．

(99〕Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,ｐｐｌ５３－４．

(100）Stephens，‘Fenianismpastandpresent'（Ｎ､Ｌ､１．，Stephenspapers,MSlO492）．

(101）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.,２８Ｊａｎ・'870(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Fpapers,5619R);ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔ

ＲｙａｎｔｏＣＰ.，ｌ１Ｍａｒ､１８７０(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Fpapers,5973R〕．

(102）３２８ｉ３３Ｖｉｃｔ．,Ｃ､４２;Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,ｐ・’6４．

(103）ＡｃｔｉｎｇＳｕｐｔＪａｍｅｓＲｙａｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，２９Julyl869(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,4446Ｒｏｎ

4476R）．

(104〕３３＆３４Ｖｉｃｔ．，Ｃ,４６;３４＆３５Ｖ1ｃｔ．，Ｃ､２５;ＳｅｅＥｐ､Steele,ｌｒｉｓｈｌａｎｄａｎｄ

Britlshpolitics：tenant-rightandnationallty,1865-70(London,1974），

ｐ､３１２．

(105）ｓｅｅｓ､AndersontoLarcom,ｌ９Ｄｅｃ・’869(ＮＬ､１．，Larcompapers,NS7694）．

(106）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ.Ｐ・'２８Feb､1870(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,5857R〕．

(107）Ｉｂｉｄ．

(108）Johnson，JThefenianamnestymovement’'1980,ｐｐ４６５，４６９．

(109）Ｄａｌｙ,Dublinthedeposedcity(Cork,1984）,ｐｐ５５－７．

(110）ＩｒｉｓｈTimes,５Ｄｅｃ,1872,ｑｕｏｔｅｄｉｎＤａｌｙ,Dublln,ｐ､５７．

(１１１）ＳｅｅＬ､MCullen,Easonandsonahistory(Dublin,1989),ｐｐ６６，９０．

(１１２）Censuslreland，1871,1881.

(１１３）Ｆ､Ｄ'ＡｒｃｙａｎｄＫ,Hannigan(eds．）,Workersinunion:documentsandcommentaries

onthehistoryoflrishlabour(Dublin,1988）,ｐ､９７．Forlabouraristocracy，

TMatsumura,Ｔｈｅｌａｂｏｕｒａｒｉｓｔｏｃｒａｃｙｒｅｖｉｓｉｔｅｄ：ｔｈｅＶｉｃｔｏｒｉａｎｆｌｉｎｔｇｌａｓｓ

makersl850-80(Manchester，1983），particularlyintroduction．

(114）』.Ｗ・Boyle,Thelrishlabourmovementinthenineteenthcentury(Washington，

５２

1988),Chaptez3,５;Ｄ・Keogh,Theriseofthelrishworkingclass(Belfast，

1982),ｐｐ２０－１．

(115）Irishman,ｌ３Ａｐｒ、１８７２．

(１１６）ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，ｌ４Ｊｕｌｙｌ８７１(Ｃｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1871/13306);ＣｈｉｅｆＳｕｐｔ

ＲｙａｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.,８Ａｕ9.1871(Ｃ､Ｓ､0.,Ｒ,Ｐ､1871/l4687onl871/14721）.ＳｅｅＭ・Daly，

Ｄｕｂｌｉｎｐｐ６８－９．

(117）ActingSuptMallontoC・Ｐ.，９０ｃｔ､1871(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，Ｒ・Ｐ､1871/l7957on

l871/18361）;ActingSuptMallontoC､Ｐ．，１６０ｃｔ､1871(Ｃ､Ｓ､０．，ＲＰ・'871/18361）．

(１１８）Irlshman,７Ｓｅｐｔ・’8７２．

(119）Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,pp216-7;Johnson，‘Thefenianamnesty'，

ｐｐ４８３－４．

(120）Irishman,ｌＯＭａｒ・’8７７．

(121）StephenstoE・Walsh,l9Nov､1874(Ｎ､Ｌ､１．，Stephenspapers,MS10492）．

(１２２）AssistantC・Ｐ・ＴａｌｂｏｔｔｏＵＳ．，ｌ０Ｊｕｌｙｌ８７４(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Fpapers,9026R）．

(123〕ＭｏｏｄｙａｎｄＯ，Broin(ｅｄｓ.〕，‘TheＬＲＢ、SupremeCouncil’，ｐ､２９２．

〔124〕Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Ｆ・Ｐ.Ｒ・’1864-80,Ａ589;Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,ｐｐ２０５，２１８；

F､Ｓ・ＬＬｙｏｎｓ,CharlesStewartParnell(London,１９７７）;ＭｃｏｄｙａｎｄＯ'Ｂｒｏｉｎ(eds.），

‘ＴｈｅＬＲ．Ｂ、ＳｕｐｒｅｌｎｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ’，ｐｐ２９４－５．

(125）Ｔ､ＣＤ．，Davittpapers,9659./276;9659./315．

(１２６）Specialcomm・ｌ８８８ｐｒｏｃ.，ｖｏｌ,４，ｐｐ５０５－１１．

(127）Comerford,TheFeniansincontext,ｐ､２０５

(128）Ｔ・ＣＤ.，Davittpapers,9659./286;9659./287．

(129〕CarrolltoDevoy,５Ｍａｒ､1878,ｑｕｏｔｅｄｉｎＷ､０，ＢｒｉｅｎａｎｄＤ・RYan(edsJDevoy'ｓ

postbag,1871-1928(２ｖｏｌｓ.,Dublin,l948andl953),vol.ｉ,ｐ､307;Carrollｔｏ

Devoy，ｌ０ＮａｒＪ８７８,ｑｕｏｔｅｄｉｎＤｅｖｏｙ，ｓｐｏｓｔｂａｇ,ｖｏｌ．ｉ，ｐｐ３１３－４;Comerford，

ＴｈｅＦｅｎｉａｎｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ，ｐ、２０７．

(130）ＳｕｐｔＭａｌｌｏｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ．，２０Ｍａｙｌ８７８(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Ａｆｉｌｅｓ,Ａ５６４）．

(131）ＳｕｐｔＭａｌｌｏｎｔｏＣ､Ｐ.，ｌ８Ｄｅｃ・’878(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Afiles,Ａ573）．

(132）Ｃ・ｓｏ．．Ｒ,Ｐ､1877/6494;SuptMallontoC・Ｐ.，ｌ３Ｆｅｂ・’879(Ｓ．Ｐ．０．，Ａｆｉｌｅｓ，

Ａ５６１）．

５３

(133）ＳｕｐｔＭａｌｌｏｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，Z0Mayl878(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Afiles,Ａ564）．

(134）Moody,Davittandlrishrevolution,ｐｐ２４９－５３．

(135）Ｉｂｉｄ.，ｐｐ２７８－８１． －

(136）Devoy,Recollections,ｐ､３１４．

(137）Moody,Davittandlrishrevolution,pp274-5．

(138）ＳｕｐｔＭａｌｌｏｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，２９Apr・'879(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Afiles,Ａ590）．

(139）ＳｕｐｔＭａｌｌｏｎｔｏＣ・Ｐ.，l8Dec､1878(Ｓ．Ｐ．0.,Afiles,ａ573）．

５４