THE COMPLETE REPORT FINALLY

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Demo-CriteriaWhy are Arab democraciesunsuccessful when western

countries are?8/26/2014

bullsreemWord Count: 3542 words (report only)

Hamzeh Al Gaood Arab Democracies Personal Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

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2. Introduction about Democracies in General, My goals and Global Contexts

3. The sources I selected for my research and information Gathering

4. Product Specification and Plan of Action

5. How I used the Information I Collected and Best sources

6. Product outcome, Criteria C

7. Evaluation of product and Project

8. Process Journal

9. Appendices

10. Bibliography

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In the Middle East, many Arab countries are adopting the Democratic governing system. The Arab countries that have these new political systems have been facing huge setbacks that could be catastrophic. Countries such as Syria are in the midst of a terrible civil war. Iraq’s unstable and biased government has ledto the downfall of the country’s economy. In Saudi Arabia women are not granted rights, and many religious factions create communal problems. Where is the place of error in these democracies? How can these countries adapt to a successful governing system yet fail?

In our community, many people fail to see what is going on aroundthem. Why this is happening. How? They do not know why this country’s economy is stronger than another. My personal interest in politics comes from a long family line of politicians. My community needs to know, and to understand the reason behind democratic governmental success, and the reasons behind the Middle Eastern conflicts; they need to know what’s wrong with their country, in order to make good decisions about education,

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about voting choices, even people might reconsider having a lot of children. This projects purpose is to raise awareness, which improves your life.

My goal is to educate my community on the current democratic governmental systems applied in certain Arab countries, and to show them where the faults that are hinder the success of our democracies. Moreover, I want my community to open up and become aware, to understand the system they are living under.

In relation to the global contexts I have chosen: fairness and development, and globalization and sustainability, and identitiesand relationships. Fairness and development are two key elements to a successful democracy. If ca country does not develop, then it cannot move forward. This cripples the economy, this leads to unemployment, financial problems, collapse of the society. Fairness in a society is represented by security, justice, human rights, and equitable distribution of wealth. How can people havetheir rights if they live under r an unfair government? How can people have their human rights? People won’t be able to go to court, or have the right to competent tribunal. The second globalcontext is globalization and sustainability. This global context also falls under the umbrella of democracy. Firstly Globalization is the economic competition between countries wherethey offer products and services on a competitive manner. This competition is governed by free market trades between countries based on WTO (world trade organization) regulations. Identities and relationships. Identity means group of social structure wherepeople share specific history, geography, belief systems, and economic structure. Relationship between these different identities will be released through social, political, and economic relationships. When these parameters are built on a similar power sharing structures leading to stable political systems will help these relationships to be positive and prosperous.

*Source analysis on pages 5-7

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The sources I have selected are: Acemoglu, Daron, and JamesA. Robinson. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown, 2012. Print.

Dr.Maher, Mulahweish, “An introduction to basic principlesof democracy” .Report.

Personal Interview. Al Gaood, Hamzeh. Satam, Al Gaood. Jalal, Al Gaood. “issues in local countries, and the Iraqi Democracy” 12-7-2014

"Countries or Areas." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.

"School Enrollment, Secondary (% Gross)." Data. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014.

,اييييء, ييي, ييييي رييض� اييييل وايييييي ايييياييand يي اي. (n.d.): n. page. Web.

"Web Chart Search." NationMaster.com. Nation Master, n.d. Web. 9 Sept. 2014.

Personal interview. Al Gaood, Hamzeh. Ahmed, Ali. “Statistics used by the Iraqi government” 14-12-2014

"OECD Statistics (GDP, Unemployment, Income, Population, Labor, Education, Trade, Finance, Prices, Health, Debt...)."OECD Statistics (GDP, Unemployment, Income, Population, Labor, Education, Trade, Finance, Prices, Health, Debt...). N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Sept. 2014.

"Countries and Economies." Countries. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. <http://data.worldbank.org/country>.

"Jordan." Jordan. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. //data.worldbank.org/country/jordan#

Al Zoubi, Dr. Qasem. Jordan Statistical Yearbook 2013. Rep. Amman: Jordanian Government, 2013. Print.

"Country Statistics." UNICEF. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. <http://www.unicef.org/statistics/index_countrystats.html>.

My sources were selected: for websites through research and comparison, to see which the most reliable source is. For

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http://data.worldbank.org/country/jordan


documents, I consulted a politics professor, who lent me thedocument. For books, I did research on the background of thewriters to ensure that it is reliable. For the interviews, Iwas talking to local based politicians who gave me ideas andopinions based on facts.A big factor that impacted my project was that I had many political interests before the project, and as a family, we always talked about political issues, solutions, big problems with certain countries etc. My father and I always loved to engage in a political discussion during the evenings and we would sit for an hour discussing a problem that occurred in Iraq for example. This gave me a strong sense of motivation towards wanting to do this project, and trying to make an impact on the Arab political world.

Product SpecificationMy product is a grading criteria sheet which will be composed of elements that will show a user the percentage a country will havefor a successful democracy. The criteria sheet will have: Literacy rates, job offers, High school and college grades and graduate percentage. The sheet will have the average GDP per capita. The criteria sheet will also have the average number of children parents have, the number of tribes/large families, and the country’s population growth. The sheet will also have the number of children in contrast to the number of adults. The sheetwill have the number of factions, religious or political in the country. In addition the sheet will need to have the effect of religions on people’s behavior/decisions. The sheet will need to address human rights, services, amount of natural resources available, the effect of technology, its geographical position, and the influx of foreign workers in the country. Moreover, it will need to see schools, and entertainment sectors privately, asthese two are very important to the modern day society. It will be on A4 sheets of paper, or could be found online. In each category there will be a percentage showing you what your country

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scored in that section. Your overall score will be out of the total amount of categories. Each category is out of 100.

Plan Of ActionStep 1: I will first need to do all my research about my subject and I’m going to need to prepare a timeline for what interviews Iwill conduct, and what deadlines I need to meet.

Step 2: Now I will need to begin to gather statics and data for my product. This will include me needing to look at governmental websites to intake the main statistics necessary for every country.

Step 3: 1st interview with my uncle on the problems in The Iraqi Parliament.

Step 4: Complete Criteria A and finish gathering information and sources.

Step 5: Interview with my father on the issues most Arab democracies are facing and where the main cause of conflict is.

Step 6: Complete Criteria B.

Step 7: Conduct interview with my cousin Ahmed Ali from thee Bo Fahad about statistical data reliability in the Iraqi government.

Step 8: Complete Criteria C based on gathered information from sources.

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Step 9: Complete my product with the help of statistical analyst Mohammad Al Gaood.

Step 10: Evaluate my product using Criteria D.

Next I will need to use the information I have gathered to createa grading system (my product) that will show the success rate fora democracy.

Once all the testing for the grading criteria is finished, I willuse it to grade listed Arab countries and compare to other democracies. I will present my results in a table and show where the errors are in the Arab democratic system. This will raise awareness, showing that: not every country is built for a democratic system and that not every country gets freedom by adopting the democratic system.

Finally, after highlighting the flaws I will show solutions on how to repair our democracies.

How did I use the information I Receivedto move my project forward?Without the information I got there would be no project. The information I have is the foundation of this project. One of my goals is to inform and educate. This information has enabled me to show our community why there are wars in Iraq, Syria, and Palestine. Why is there political unrest in Egypt and so many other Arab countries? This information has enabled me to create agrading system to see why this country or that country cannot have a stable and successful democratic system. Without all this research this project would not have moved forward an inch.

Moreover, after extensive research in UN websites and governmental websites, I have come to the conclusion that 90% of all Arab country statistics are inaccurate. For example in the

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years 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013, 80% of Syrian teenagers were able to pass and graduate from high school. This critical piece of information made me doubt a lot of the information on reliablewebsites. A critical issue of the matter is that the statistics are ones provided by the government. The larger issue is that allof the websites are consistent on the same false data. Another example is that in the year 2014; 99% of students from Iraq graduated from high school with top grades. The government conducted a test where the answers paper was handed out to the students with the only purpose is to get students out of the country. All of these false statistics made me be very careful with the data I trusted and the data I did not trust.

My best sources1. The personal interviews with my father and several senior

Iraqi politicians allowed me to gain a strong foot in the information that were necessary for me in order to validate the information I had gathered from statistics websites. Moreover, these sources allowed me to grasp a stronger picture on what requirements a statistics criteria needs. The interviews I conducted were with people who had prior experience in this subject since the year 1991. The candidates I had chosen in order to conduct my interviews with were clean and reliable sources that had the information and knowledge to know validity any piece of information or statistic from any Arab country in Asia and Egypt. Moreover, the basis of the interviews were to absorb as much valid information prior to the information of the websites so that I can compare and contrast the pieces of information.

2. The interview I conducted with Ahmed Ali. The interview consisted me and Ali sitting down together reviewing the data I got from websites and the criteria points I included for my product. Ahmed was able to show me that a statistic as big as education needs to be split up into smaller pointsin order to make the statistic more effective and precise.

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Moreover, I was able to sit down with Ahmed and asked several questions about the procedures the Iraqi government took in order to gather their statistics. I also asked him about the voting procedures the government had taken in order to keep the ballets safe. Corruption, my cousin said, causes a cheat in every election, whether it was an alteration in the votes, or paying money to voters in order to vote for a specific person. These other key points of information allowed me to grasp a better view on how the Iraqi government works. And it is not effective.

3. The Governmental websites that showed statistics including the UN website. These websites gave me the base of my criteria choices since they were the websites that held all of the necessary information I needed in order to make my product as accurate as possible. Each website I looked at gave me a slightly different statistic from the other. A problem I faced with most of the websites was that the information was not completely updated. For example, some websites only offered information from the year 2000. Other websites were only able to offer parts from 2010-2012, and other parts were from 2002. The inconsistency of the websites created a problem for me because I couldn’t know which website was reliable. However, when I found a pattern in the results I took them up because a pattern shows the same piece of information is being used by more than one source. Another big issue, as I mentioned before, was that many websites did not have correct data. Many websites have taken government data for their statistics, and the data provided by the government of many countries I needed to look at are false. For example: When a country that has beenat a state of war for 4 years, with more than half of its population displaced, has a educational statistic that 80% of all people attending college graduated in succession for 3 years. Fabrications a government like Syria makes causes alarge fault in the statistics I need to rely on.

4. The book “Why Nations Fail” Has a lot of historical background to it. What the book does is that it compares Spanish Conquistadores, American pioneers, and ancient civilizations like the romans; to modern day country development. The book talks about how empires flourished

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when the empire had a strong economy by trading with severalother communities. The book describes trading as a phenomenon we know as import/export rate. The book also goesinto detail on the subject of education. He describes Spanish conquerors in South America to have been fruitful due to the Aztecs lack of education. They describe the same phenomenon Between the United States and Mexico. The more advanced your education is the stronger your country will be. The same phenomenon occurs in Arab democracies. The lesseconomical, and the less Educated We are, the more the country begins to crumble; is easily manipulated by money and ideologists, and becomes corrupt.

5. The final source will be the Basis of a Democracy document that describes the base of a democracy, how it works, and what its aspects were. Although this source allowed me to gain knowledge that a necessary for my project, I felt that the other sources served me better since I already had strong prior knowledge on the project. The document explained how economy, education, services, demographics andother aspects of a democracy functioned in a perfect state. However the document was a summary of an entire chapter given to me by my grandfather for the sake of the project. The document did not include real life problems that occurred in Democracies, and specifically Arab democracies.

Product outcome: For my product, its function is to grade a country, based on its current statistics on how successful the country could be if it were to adopt the democratic system. This allows anyone to see how successful a country is as a prediction. The products base isa word document or excel sheet that works on statistics and givesyou a result in each part of the criteria. Then the overall result is based on the individual scores gained by the country ineach criteria. My goal is to create a system that can effectivelyand efficiently judge the outcome of a country’s democratic system in all aspects of the government, and people. My products goal intertwines with my projects goal to raise awareness of the

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obvious problems in the democratic system, and how we still haven’t mastered how to create an effective working government.

The global context I have chosen are still perfect for my project. First, Fairness and development are two key elements to a successful democracy. If ca country does not develop, then it cannot move forward. This cripples the economy, this leads to unemployment, financial problems, collapse of the society. Fairness in a society is represented by security, justice, human rights, and equitable distribution of wealth. How can people havetheir rights if they live under r an unfair government? How can people have their human rights? People won’t be able to go to court, or have the right to competent tribunal. The second globalcontext is globalization and sustainability. This global context also falls under the umbrella of democracy. Firstly Globalization is the economic competition between countries wherethey offer products and services on a competitive manner. This competition is governed by free market trades between countries based on WTO (world trade organization) regulations. Identities and relationships. Identity means group of social structure wherepeople share specific history, geography, belief systems, and economic structure. Relationship between these different identities will be released through social, political, and economic relationships. When these parameters are built on a similar power sharing structures leading to stable political systems will help these relationships to be positive and prosperous. These six global contexts are still deeply intertwined with the project itself, since there the same areas Iexplained in criteria A are still being tackled, but in a wider range.

I was able to use a good range of communication skills through the interviews I conducted for my project. The use of different languages and translating answers served as a big part of my project and helped improve my ATL skills. The questions I used, and the follow o questions were also a part of my Communication skills. This project required me to talk to different people and each interview was its own situation. This helped boost my communication skills even further.

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Sample for product’s first draft:

Aspect, factor Statistic Explanation behind statistic

Overall score (In relation with other scores)

Education (Literacy Rate

51% Only elementary school education mandatory.

----------------------------

EvaluationThe product has come out exactly as planned. The design specification talked about how the product would need to look like and what it needs to include.

1. The design specification talked about how I needed to include specific statistics like literacy rate under education, in order to make my product more detailed and to make the end result of my product more accurate.

2. My design specification talked about the score method. In each point the statistic will be graded out of 100, so if a country has a literacy rate of 50%, then they would score 50/100 on that category. Moreover, the total scoring will beaveraged out as follows: The total of every statistic added up against the total score which means the statistics against 3200 points. 1 percent=1 point.

This project has given me the opportunity to study the Arab governments and countries. It has allowed me to understand what a government needs in order to make a working country, how a democracy works, what crucial elements are needed by the people in order to make a stable country. How the

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economy of a country works. It has taught how corruption canseed its way into a country and how destructive it is when is allowed to flourish. I have learnt that an effective dictatorship will always topple a weak democracy. I have learnt that education is one of the founding bases of a country.

Moreover, the project has given me the opportunity to learn how to conduct an interview. The interview skill was one that was very hard to gain. Although we did practice it In lessons such as Humanities, and English; an interview usually requires a person to have knowledge on the subject of the matter, and has to be able to think critically. This means that the interview conductor needs to use questions tocreate press on answers. I.e. when a person answers a question with the opening of a new area of the topic, the conductor should press on and explore the new topic, keepingin mind that they shouldn’t drift away from the main agenda.

The quality of my product is dependent on its function, and how well it is applied. My product creates a criteria any person can apply on a country in order to use it to test a country. My products effectiveness is that it allows you to high-light all the problems in a certain country and to findthe countries success percentage. The products function serves a country in order to test itself and see where it needs to improve itself. So the quality of my product is based on its function and effectiveness. Both which are unique to this product in this fashion.

As an IB learner, I believe this project made me more open minded since the choices most believe are correct in some situations are not. Moreover, I believe this project focuseson communication, since I am trying to channel the idea thata failed democracy is nothing compared to any other type of governmental system. At the same time, I am trying to provide a method of which can be used to test a country. Finally this project has had an impact on my critical thinking skills. The fact that the internet was unable to provide guidance and that I needed to make decisions on my

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own to make this project succeed required me to think critically in all aspects of my journey. This project has opened up a door way that most teenagers and adults neglect.

PROCESS JOURNAL1. Today was our first personal project meeting with Mr.

Yassin. Today we got a better view on what we were expected to do during our summer holiday. We were told about our process journal, and the report. It was actually a very helpful session which I benefited from by seeing the projectrequirements clearly.

2. On our second meeting with Mr. Yassin Where he explained to us the Actual points for criteria A and some parts for criteria B. Today I realized how difficult the over all project seemed, and new it was not to be taken lightly. However after seeing how our teachers have planned out our personal project, I realized with some hard work, and a bit of help, I will make it through.

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3. Date: 29-6-201Today I had private session with Mr. Yassin

concerning my personal project. We talked about what my goalwould be and decided on it. Then we discussed good sources for me to get information from. I was told that having an interview with local politicians would be helpful for me to get an inside view on my project.

The following is a brainstorm on what questions would be useful for me to ask the politicians:

4. 16-8-2014

I sat down with my father and we discussed the idea of whether this report should be about democratic system in theArab world, or evaluating democratic system in the Arab world, or the need to develop an evaluation system for democracy with a case study for the Arab world. Out of our discussion it seems its more beneficial for me to identify what are the critical elements that effects a success of a democracy in a society. Then establish an evaluation system using a “score card” and apply that to selected Arab

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countries to find out what did they score. In the end we need to understand what are the basic elements that must be available in a society for a democratic system to be successful.

5. 19-8-2014

Today I met up with my uncle, an Iraqi politician and used the mind map above to ask him some questions. This is how weset up the meeting:

The opinion my uncle gave me was similar to ones I had seen on Arab news channels, and had the same opinion has other

politicians. This personal interview gave me a piece of inside information which will aid me in my research and in the writing of my report.

6. In October, 2014, I and my father began working on a huge part of my project, which was selecting the parameters for which my product is going to require in order to use.

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Today’s work is was one of the most important aspects in my personal project, since what we did would shape up how our product will be in terms of context.

7. In early November, 2014, I was watching a piece of critical news about how people in south Sudan are in constant conflict. The conflict ranged between government forces, terrorist groups, and local tribes. I realized this was all due to a fault in their governmental system, which did not allow education to reach these rural areas. This causes everyone there to be easily manipulated into a war with the government over a petty dispute. This was a sign that, not only they have a defective government; but a defective community which is why people are always fighting there. This relates to my topic because, I tried out certain parts I finished of my product and saw that Sudan had less than a 10% chance to succeed as we can see now.

8. Today, I had a short meeting with one of my cousins who had recently come from Iraq, and told me that the Iraqi government was not offering people from Al-Anbar refuge and food. This short meeting showed me how unhealthy our government is to a rate that the country cannot feed the internally displaced. This makes my project more crucial in order to show everyone where the errors in our governments are.

The interview I conducted with my Cousin Ahmed Ali 14-12-2014: Questions: 1. What do you think are necessary statistics that

need to be included inside a governmental statisticsheet?A: Education, Services, Demographics, Technology, Economy, Political umbrella, and health

2. What procedures do the Iraqi government use in order to collect all the data for the Statistics?

A: Unfortunately we only get a small amount of reliable data from places like Irbil and Baghdad. Most

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of our data comes from predictions based on Statisticsgathered during Saddam’s reign.

3. In the Iraqi government, how do you see the data onpaper being applied in real-life? I.e. do the people have their rights to the extent as on paper?

A: No. The statistics are not very reliable, the data says that security, power etc. is available in the entire nation. ISIS, and power being available for only 8 out of 24 hours proves that is not accurate.

The interview then went into me and Ahmed reviewing mysoft copy product which he helped me tweak.

9. 15-1-2015. Breakthrough, today I was able to complete my product and have it checked by the statistical analyst. “Theproduct itself is unique in its kind since it manipulates statistics in a way to create a measurement device for countries” Ahmed says. Moreover, the product itself has beencompleted as a first draft and I can’t wait to see what my supervisor thinks!!

10. 15-12-2014. today I met with my Grandfather Bezee AL Gaood, and we talked deeply about the Iraqi history since the nation was founded and the Arab revolts of 1916. This meeting was at a family gathering where my grandfather told me how the Iraqi government was established, and how it wenton to became a Kingdom, then democracy. In this meeting, I realized that the downfall of the Iraqi country began at theyear 1979 when the Iran war began. This was a large indicator to show me how the government, and people sufferedbecause of the war. This went on to show me that in the war,education, health, services, economy, even political figurestook huge blows and that played a major role in the Iraq we see today.

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APENDICESStatistical Research from Jordanian Government:s

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More information can be found on the website: www.dos.gov.jo, with the PDF document Jordanian Statistics Yearbook 2013.

Statistic information from other websites:

1. http://data.worldbank.org/country/jordan#

2. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/economic_main.htm

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http://www.dos.gov.jo/


3. http://www.unicef.org/statistics/index_countrystats.html

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http://www.unicef.org/statistics/index_countrystats.html


Exemplar research for Population Statistic for several countries:

Key: All totals are in millions, all other data is in thousands. I.E. 0-14= 2358.8 million. If 0-14=883.3 thousand.

IraqIndicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025

2050

Population

Total 5 158.3 11 019.7 22 946.2 40 298.0 53 574.2

0 – 14 2 358.8 (47.5%) 5 136.2 (46.6%) 9 554.4 (41.6%) 12 559.1 (31.1%) 12 052.8 (22.5%)

15 – 59 2 576.1 (50%) 5 435.4 (49.3%) 12 338.7 ((53.7) 24 720.1 (61%) 33 444.7 (62.43%)

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 3 201.4 7 251.4 20 346.2 40 472.9 59 682.9

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0 - 14 1 344.9 3 211.5 8 734.8 14 225.0 13 803.5

15 - 59 1 677.0 3 689.6 10 635.6 23 065.2 38 180.9

Egypt

Egypt

Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 21 834.0 38 841.0 67 884.5 94 776.9 113 839.9

0 - 14 8 663.9 15 536.0 24 004.4 22 871.0 22 912.0

15 - 59 12 047.6 20 780.7 39 596.1 61 039.4 67 225.4

Percentage of 0-14

SyriaSyrian Arab Republic

Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 3 495.1 7 438.0 16 188.8 27 410.5 36 345.3

0 – 14 1 448.5 3 608.0 6 611.8 7 829.9 7 919.7

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15 - 59 1 808.6 3 439.0 8 813.4 17 473.3 21 875.5

YemenYemen

Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 4 316.0 6 990.8 18 348.7 48 205.8 102 378.5

0 – 14 1 825.3 3 561.2 9 187.6 22 530.0 37 926.1

15 – 59 2 223.1 3 125.1 8 492.3 23 929.2 59 026.

SudanSudan

Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 9 190.0 16 664.3 31 095.2 49 556.1 63 530.2

0 – 14 4 024.6 7 436.7 12 474.5 15 214.0 14 411.5

15 - 59 4 673.5 8 466.2 16 923.1 30 442.0 39 966.2

Algeria Algeria

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Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 8 753.0 16 018.2 30 291.3 42 737.9 51 179.6

0 – 14 3 512.9 7 626.6 10 554.3 10 074.5 10 072.1

15 - 59 4 643.8 7 416.9 17 905.8 27 902.0 29 721.2

Morocco

Morocco

Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 8 953.0 17 305.0 29 878.4 42 002.1 50 361.2

0 – 14 3 973.9 8 163.8 10 355.2 9 984.0 10 131.2

15 – 59 4 569.6 8 241.6 17 618.6 27 316.8 29 857.3

Switzerland

Switzerland

Indicator Age 1950 1975 20002025 2050

Population

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Total 4 694.0 6 338.7 7 170.4 6 729.3 5 607.1

0 - 14 1 105.0 1 422.0 1 194.2 833.8 702.5

15 – 59 2 930.0 3 809.5 4 449.5 3 495.7 2 724.5

U.S.A

United States of America

Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 157 813.0 220 165.0 283 230.2 346 821.9 397 062.6

0 - 14 42 595.7 55 424.0 61 507.4 64 318.0 73 605.3

15 - 59 95 489.3 132 140.1 175 986.7 196 432.6 216 797.4

Japan

Japan

Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 83 625.0 111 524.0 127 096.3 123 797.5 109 220.2

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0 - 14 29 643.0 27 109.0 18 694.0 14 997.5 13 667.4

15 – 59 47 545.0 71 367.0 78 884.6 65 313.5 49 324.5

France

France

Indicator Age 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Population

Total 41 828.7 52 699.2 59 237.7 62 753.4 61 832.5

0 - 14 9 498.0 12 594.5 11 097.5 10 366.6 9 890.7

15 – 59 25 540.6 30 477.6 35 980.7 34 388.8 31 731.9

BIBLIOGRAPHY The sources I have selected are: Acemoglu, Daron, and James

A. Robinson. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown, 2012. Print.

Dr.Maher, Mulahweish, “An introduction to basic principlesof democracy” .Report.

Personal Interview. Al Gaood, Hamzeh. Satam, Al Gaood. Jalal, Al Gaood. “issues in local countries, and the Iraqi Democracy” 12-7-2014

29


"Countries or Areas." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.

"School Enrollment, Secondary (% Gross)." Data. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014.

,اييييء, ييي, ييييي رييض� اييييل وايييييي ايييياييand يي اي. (n.d.): n. page. Web.

"Web Chart Search." NationMaster.com. Nation Master, n.d. Web. 9 Sept. 2014.

Personal interview. Al Gaood, Hamzeh. Ahmed, Ali. “Statistics used by the Iraqi government” 14-12-2014

"OECD Statistics (GDP, Unemployment, Income, Population, Labor, Education, Trade, Finance, Prices, Health, Debt...)."OECD Statistics (GDP, Unemployment, Income, Population, Labor, Education, Trade, Finance, Prices, Health, Debt...). N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Sept. 2014.

"Countries and Economies." Countries. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. <http://data.worldbank.org/country>.

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