Textbook of Aging Skin

Miranda A. Farage • Kenneth W. MillerHoward I. MaibachEditors

Textbook of Aging Skin

Second Edition

With 574 Figures and 224 Tables

EditorsMiranda A. FarageWinton Hill Business CenterThe Procter and Gamble CompanyCincinnati, OH, USA

Kenneth W. MillerMargoshes-MillerConsulting, LLCCincinnati, OH, USA

Howard I. MaibachDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA

ISBN 978-3-662-47397-9 ISBN 978-3-662-47398-6 (eBook)ISBN 978-3-662-47399-3 (print and electronic bundle)DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-47398-6

Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938632

# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010, 2017This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole orpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse ofillustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way,and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, orby similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exemptfrom the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor theauthors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material containedherein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer NatureThe registered company is Springer-Verlag GmbH GermanyThe registered company address is: Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin, Germany

DedicationTo a forgotten and sometimes lonely and scary aging journey –Much more dignity and respect are deserved for all of you. MAF,KWM, and HIM

When things go wrong as they sometimes will,When the road you’re trudging seems all uphill,When the funds are low and the debts are high,And you want to smile but you have to sigh,When care is pressing you down a bitRest if you must, but don’t you quit.Success is failure turned inside out,The silver tint on the clouds of doubt,And you can never tell how close you are,It may be near when it seems afar.So, stick to the fight when you’re hardest hitIt’s when things go wrong that you mustn’t quit.

—Unknown

Foreword

We mourn the loss of Professor Albert Kligman – a man whose energy,enthusiasm and intelligence benefited the specialty and many of us. Hisremarks below are as cogent today – as when written for the first Edition inDecember 2009.

EditorsMAF, KWM and HIM

The population is aging rapidly. Centenarians are no longer a rarity. The fastestgrowing segment of the population in the United States is people over 80. In thenext 25 years, half of the population in the United States will be aged over 50.

These shifts will have a tremendous impact on the delivery of healthcare tothe elderly and will require a new awareness of how cutaneous disorders affectthe quality of life, comprising a heavy burden on health and wellbeing.

Physicians and healthcare workers are woefully ignorant of the distress,discomfort, and anxieties of people afflicted by disorders of the skin. Thereexists a widespread misconception that skin disorders are simply cosmeticnuisances that can be self-treated by a great assortment of anti-aging creamsand lotions available at the local drug store. Most of these include high-sounding ingredients such as antioxidants, vitamins, nutrients, botanicals,and ancient folkloristic remedies, the efficacy and safety of which havenever been tested. They offer little more than hope in a bottle. The fact isthat common skin diseases may not often be lethal but can ruin enjoyment oflife. Chronic itchy rashes can be maddening, lowering one’s self-esteem,embarrassing, interfering with sleep, and often accompanied by depression,social isolation, and deterioration of appearance; they can also be uncomfort-able, and, not least, costly to treat.

The elderly commonly take 15–20 oral supplements daily to fight theailments of old age. These are generally useless and may be harmful, ofteninteracting adversely with prescription drugs. The elderly often resort toalternative medicines instead of seeing their doctor to obtain FDA-approveddrugs, and also often skip their daily doses to save money. Noncompliance iscommon.Misdiagnosis and mistreatment of the elderly by health-care workersare common. National surveys show that skin diseases increase steadilythroughout our life-span. Old people may have as many as 5–10 coexistentcutaneous problems that are worthy of medical attention. Moreover, theclinical manifestations of skin diseases in the aged often have different

vii

appearances than in the young, confounding diagnosis. Importantly, healing ofchronic lesions, especially ulcers, is impaired in the elderly. Immunity isweakened, increasing susceptibility to infections. Response to treatment isslower, leading to noncompliance. Adverse drug reactions are common andtoo commonly not suspected. Management of chronic conditions is difficultand frustrating.

The above litany of problems makes this textbook edited by Farage, Miller,andMaibach a welcome addition to the literature. It is invaluable as a referenceresource covering exhaustively an enormous number of clinical conditions. Notopic is neglected including cosmetic treatments. The numerous contributionsare by highly qualified experts who have a published record of expertise.

This comprehensive volume is also practical and relevant to the everydayworld of clinical practice. The information will be useful to physicians,manufacturers of drugs and skincare products, educators, investigators, nurs-ing home personnel, estheticians, and federal regulators.

This first edition is up to date, including much new material that belongs tothe shelves of every library, which deals with geriatric problems. Dermatolo-gists especially will be remiss if they do not put this volume within easy reachfor consultation as they encounter a swelling clientele of aging patients.

University of Pennsylvania Albert M. Kligman M.D., Ph.D.Philadelphia, PA, USA Professor Emeritus

viii Foreword

Preface

The skin is a portal of knowledge on aging. From its softness and smoothnessin infancy, through its suppleness in youth, to its wrinkled texture in elders, theskin displays the most visible and accessible manifestations of aging.

Due to falling birth rates and rising life expectancies in industrializedcountries, the average age of the population is increasing. People are morepreoccupied with looking and “staying” young, and research into the processof aging has expanded.

Although excellent compendia exist on the subject of aging skin, the bodyof knowledge is burgeoning and we still have more to learn. The purposes ofthis textbook are: (1) to compile the most current information into one com-prehensive reference (it covers a range of topics, from the basics of skinstructure and function to the cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging, tothe latest bioengineering instruments used to assess age-related changes in theskin); (2) to guide on how to utilize skin as a tool for insights into the remainderof organs; and (3) to encourage the rapidly expanding universe of agingresearch in a more holistic aspect (heart, lung, brain, etc., as well as laborato-ries and investigators/foundations/government agencies) to utilize the readilyavailable skin as an entry/surrogate for research on other organs.

Contributors are internationally recognized experts from multiple disci-plines germane to this topic. We gratefully acknowledge all contributors forsharing their time and expertise.

We expect this second edition of the textbook to be valuable to researchersand students with an interest in aging skin, and the aging process in general.Because research progress in this area is rapid, we hope to update thiscompendium periodically as advances in the field dictate.

The editors welcome suggestions for the third edition.

Miranda A. FarageKenneth W. MillerHoward I. Maibach

ix

Acknowledgments

Deep appreciation and grateful thank yous are extended to the many expertswho contributed both knowingly and indirectly to this book.

A special thank you to Drs. N. Enane-Anderson, G. Collier, P. Schofield,R. Leboeuf, Mr. Ron Visscher, and Mr. John Cooper, who generously offeredtheir time and expertise to peer-review relevant chapters and for their supportof this book. No praise is excessive for their efforts, and they have our heartfeltgratitude.

Many thanks go to the significant efforts of all the contributors of this bookand the valuable time they dedicated preparing their chapters. This bookrepresents the fruits of a jointly conceived and executed venture and hasbenefited from global and diverse partners.

We would also like to single out Ms. Sunali Mull (Springer Editorial-India)for a special recognition. Her great efforts, time, discipline, and dedicationhelped moved this book forward on a timely and organized manner. Inaddition, we would like to thank Mr. S. Klemp, Mr. A. Baroi, Ms. R. Amos,Ms. A. Singh, Ms. S. Friedrichsen, and Ms. S. Westendorf (Springer Office)for their help in moving this book forward. We acknowledge the usefulness ofthe new “SpringerMeteor” system which helped contributors and editors getthe first glance of the future of electronic information/submission/editing.

In addition, Dr. D. A. Hutchins, Ms. Z. Schwen, Ms. W. Wippel,Ms. G. Entrup, Dr. T. L. Nusair, and Ms. P. Fifth (Rest in Peace our dearfriend; your memories will always be with us) have all assisted with this book.

Above all, our everlasting gratitude, thanks, and love go to our parents whoinspired us and to our families and children who supported, helped, andencouraged us all the way with their incredible patience. Your continuouscare, unconditional love, and sacrifice made all this possible and easier toachieve.

MAF, KWM, and HIM

xi

Contents

Volume 1

Part I Basic Sciences/Physiology/Histology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1 Histology of Microvascular Aging of Human Skin . . . . . . . . 3Peter Helmbold

2 Basophilic (Actinic) Degeneration of the Dermis: An EasyHistological Scoring Approach in Dermal Photoaging . . . . . 11Peter Helmbold

3 Degenerative Changes in Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, and Howard I. Maibach

4 An Overview of the Histology of Aging Skin in LaboratoryModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Tapan K. Bhattacharyya

5 Major Changes in Skin Function in the Elderly and TheirContributions to Common Clinical Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . 43Jillian Wong Millsop and Anne Lynn S. Chang

6 Skin Aging: A Brief Summary of CharacteristicChanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Cornelia Wiegand, Christina Raschke, and Peter Elsner

7 The Stratum Corneum and Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Anthony V. Rawlings

8 The Extracellular Matrix Protein 1 (ECM1) inMolecular-Based Skin Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Noritaka Oyama and Joseph Merregaert

9 Pathomechanisms of Endogenously Aged Skin . . . . . . . . . . . 111Evgenia Makrantonaki and Christos C. Zouboulis

10 Pathomechanisms of Photoaged Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Jean Krutmann

xiii

11 Proteoglycans in Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131François-Xavier Maquart, Stéphane Brézillon, andYanusz Wegrowski

12 Possible Involvement of Basement Membrane Damage byMatrix Metalloproteinases, Serine Proteinases, andHeparanase in Skin Aging Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Satoshi Amano

13 Buffering Capacity Considerations in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . 161Jacquelyn Levin and Howard I. Maibach

14 Considerations for Thermal Injury: The Elderly as aSensitive Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Donald L. Bjerke

15 Aging of Epidermal Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Alexandra Charruyer and Ruby Ghadially

16 Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Secretory Factorsfor Skin Aging and Hair Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Byung-Soon Park and Won-Serk Kim

17 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: Role inSkin Health and Appearance of Photoaged Skin . . . . . . . . . . 225Stacy S. Hawkins, William Shingleton, Jean Adamus, andHelen Meldrum

18 Hyaluronan and the Process of Aging in Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Diana Alyce Rivers and Robert Stern

19 Changes in Nail in the Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Nelly Rubeiz, Ossama Abbas, and Abdul Ghani Kibbi

20 Changes in the Composition of the Cornified EnvelopeDuring Skin Aging: A Calcium Centric Point of View . . . . . 265Maria Karolin Streubel, Mark Rinnerthaler,Johannes Bischof, and Klaus Richter

21 arNOX: A New Source of Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Dorothy M. Morré and D. James Morré

22 arNOX: New Mechanisms of Skin Aging and LipoproteinOxidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295D. James Morré and Dorothy M. Morré

23 Age-Related Changes in Skin Mechanical Properties . . . . . . 309Nils Krueger and Stefanie Luebberding

24 Age-Induced Hair Graying and Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . . 319Miri Seiberg

25 Appearance and Internal Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Hidekazu Yamada

xiv Contents

26 Age-Related Morphometric Changes of Inner Structuresof the Skin Assessed by In Vivo Reflectance ConfocalMicroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Katsuhiko Tsuchida and Hidekazu Yamada

27 Facial Skin Rheology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351Gérald E. Piérard, Sébastien L. Piérard, andTrinh Hermanns-Lê

28 Pathology of Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Qunshan Jia and J. Frank Nash

29 Biology of Stratum Corneum: Tape Stripping and ProteinQuantification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387Hanjiang Zhu, Ali Alikhan, and Howard I. Maibach

30 Corneocyte Size and Cell Renewal: Effects of Aging andSex Hormones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397Razvigor Darlenski, Enzo Berardesca, and Joachim W. Fluhr

31 Stratum Corneum Cell Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Hachiro Tagami

32 Aging and Melanocytes Stimulating Cytokine Expressedby Keratinocyte and Fibroblast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415Mutsumi Okazaki

33 Cyanoacrylate Skin Surface Strippings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Claudine Piérard-Franchimont and Gérald E. Piérard

34 Vaginal Secretions with Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435Paul R. Summers

35 Unique Skin Immunology of the Lower Female GenitalTract with Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443Paul R. Summers

36 Aging Genital Skin and Hormone Replacement TherapyBenefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449William J. Ledger

37 Platinum and Palladium Nanoparticles Regulate theRedox Balance and Protect Against Age-Related SkinChanges in Mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Shuichi Shibuya, Kenji Watanabe, Koutaro Yokote, andTakahiko Shimizu

38 Skin Aging: An Immunohistochemical Evaluation . . . . . . . . 469Moetaz El-Domyati and Walid Medhat

39 Advanced Age Pruritus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485Afton Metkowski, Rodrigo Valdes-Rodriguez, andGil Yosipovitch

Contents xv

40 Physiological Variations During Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503Gérald E. Piérard, Claudine Piérard-Franchimont,Philippe Delvenne, and Jean-Luc Nizet

41 Neurotrophins and Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515Mohamed A. Adly, Hanan Assaf, and Mahmoud R. Hussein

42 Cluster of Differentiation 1d (CD1d) and Skin Aging . . . . . . 529Mohamed A. Adly, Hanan Assaf, and Mahmoud R. Hussein

43 The Genetics of Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537David A. Gunn

44 Skin Aging and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551David A. Gunn and Kaare Christensen

45 Influence of Exogenous Factors on Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . 563Avani Ahuja, Neha Singh, Prashant Gupta,Shivangi Mishra, and Vibha Rani

46 Impact of Dietary Supplements on Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . 579Utkrishta L. Raj, Garima Sharma, Shweta Dang,Sanjay Gupta, and Reema Gabrani

Part II Molecular Biology and Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

47 Alterations of Energy Metabolism in Cutaneous Aging . . . . 595Thomas Blatt, Horst Wenck, and Klaus-Peter Wittern

48 Cellular Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . 617Shujiang (Suzie) Cheng, Regina Hourigan, Zeenat Nabi, andLaurence Du-Thumm

49 DNA Damage and Repair in Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629Daniel B. Yarosh

50 Fibulin-5 Deposition in Human Skin: Decrease with Agingand UVB Exposure and Increase in Solar Elastosis . . . . . . . 641Satoshi Amano

51 Cutaneous Oxidative Stress and Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651Thomas G. Polefka and Thomas A. Meyer

Part III Endogenous and Exogenous Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

52 Cutaneous Responses to Tropospheric Ozone Exposure . . . . 679Giuseppe Valacchi

53 Infrared A-Induced Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Peter Schroeder and Jean Krutmann

xvi Contents

54 Climate Change and Its Dermatologic Impact onAging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701Young Hui, Haw-Yueh Thong, and Howard I. Maibach

55 Skin Photodamage Prevention: State of the Art and NewProspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709Denize Ainbinder and Elka Touitou

56 Environmental and Genetic Factors in Facial Agingin Twins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723David J. Rowe and Bahman Guyuron

57 Tobacco Smoke and Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733Akimichi Morita

58 Sebum Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739Claudine Piérard-Franchimont, Marianne Lesuisse,Justine Courtois, Caroline Ritacco, and Gérald E. Piérard

59 Perimenopausal Aging and Oral Hormone ReplacementTherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753Trinh Hermanns-Lê, Claudine Piérard-Franchimont, andGérald E. Piérard

60 Biological Effects of Estrogen on Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763Christina Phuong and Howard I. Maibach

61 DNA Biomarkers in Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775Kimberly G. Norman, Alex Eshaghian, and James E. Sligh

62 Aging and Intrinsic Aging: Pathogenesis andManifestations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783Hanan Assaf, Mohamed A. Adly, and Mahmoud R. Hussein

63 Infrared Radiation: Mechanisms, Implications, andProtection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795Kasra Soltani Nia and Howard I. Maibach

Volume 2

Part IV Disease State/Conditions with Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803

64 Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, Enzo Berardesca, andHoward I. Maibach

65 Neoplastic Skin Lesions in the Elderly Patient . . . . . . . . . . . 827Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, Enzo Berardesca,Howard I. Maibach, and Isaac M. Neuhaus

Contents xvii

66 Cutaneous Effects and Sensitive Skin with Incontinence inthe Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, Enzo Berardesca, andHoward I. Maibach

67 Aging Skin as a Diagnostic Tool for Internal Diseases:A Chance for Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869Georgios Nikolakis, Evgenia Makrantonaki, andChristos C. Zouboulis

68 Carcinogenesis: UV Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887Douglas E. Brash, Timothy P. Heffernan, Paul Nghiem, andRaymond J. Cho

69 Melanoma and Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903Salina M. Torres, Christopher R. Hughes, and Marianne Berwick

70 Aging-Associated Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: A Role forthe Dermis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913Davina A. Lewis, Aleksandar Krbanjevic, Jeffrey B. Travers, andDan F. Spandau

71 Nonsurgical Modalities of Treatment for PrimaryCutaneous Cancers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931Rami Abadi, Salah Salman, and Ossama Abbas

72 Sunlight Exposure and Skin Thickness Measurements asa Function of Age: Risk Factors for Melanoma . . . . . . . . . . . 943Akram Elmahdy and Howard I. Maibach

73 Influence of Race, Gender, Age, and Diabetes onBlood Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953Jerrold Scott Petrofsky

74 Atopic Dermatitis in the Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971Alexandra Katsarou, Melina C. Armenaka, Efterpi Zafiriou, andEfstratios Vakirlis

75 Dry Skin in Diabetes Mellitus and in ExperimentalModels of Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991Shingo Sakai and Hachiro Tagami

76 Impaired Wound Repair and Delayed Angiogenesis . . . . . . . 1003Megan E. Schrementi, Matthew J. Ranzer, andLuisa A. DiPietro

77 Hyperpigmentation in Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017Tomohiro Hakozaki, Cheri L. Swanson, and Donald L. Bissett

78 Pigmentation in Ethnic Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027Howard I. Maibach, Jane Y. Liu, and Ying Zou

xviii Contents

79 The New Face of Pigmentation and Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039John Nip, S. Brian Potterf, Sheila Rocha, Shilpa Vora, andCarol Bosko

80 Facial Wrinkling: The Marquee Clinical Sign ofAging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055Greg Hillebrand

81 Psoriasis and Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065Paul S. Yamauchi

82 Skin Aging and Cellulite in Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071Márcio Lorencini, Fernanda Camozzato, and Doris Hexsel

83 Skin Itch in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081Jerrold Scott Petrofsky

84 Control of Skin Blood Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091Jerrold Scott Petrofsky

Part V Techniques, Methods, and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105

85 Bioengineering Methods and Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107Francesca Giusti and Stefania Seidenari

86 Hydration of the Skin Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117Hachiro Tagami

87 Corneocyte Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127Tetsuji Hirao

88 The Structural and Functional Development of SkinDuring the First Year of Life: Investigations UsingNoninvasive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141Georgios N. Stamatas

89 Structure of Stratum Corneum Lipid Studied byElectron Paramagnetic Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155Kouichi Nakagawa

90 Molecular Concentration Profiling in the Skin UsingConfocal Raman Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171Jonathan M. Crowther and Paul J. Matts

91 The Measurement and Perception of Uneven Colorationin Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1189Paul J. Matts

92 Transepidermal Water Loss in Young and Aged HealthyHumans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197Jan Kottner, Annika Vogt, Andrea Lichterfeld, andUlrike Blume-Peytavi

Contents xix

93 Reconstructed Skin to Create In Vitro Flexible Modelsof Skin Aging: New Results and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203Daniel Asselineau, Sylvie Ricois, Herve Pageon,Helene Zucchi, Sarah Girardeau-Hubert, Céline Deneuville,Valerie Haydont, Véronique Neiveyans, and Isabelle Lorthois

94 In Vitro Method to Visualize UV-Induced ReactiveOxygen Species in a Skin Equivalent Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1229Tomohiro Hakozaki

95 Aging and Senescence of Skin Cells in Culture . . . . . . . . . . . 1239Suresh I. S. Rattan

96 Glycation and Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1247Herve Pageon, Helene Zucchi, Paula C. Pennacchi, andDaniel Asselineau

97 Assessing Quality of Life in Older Adult Patients withSkin Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller,Susan N. Sherman, andJoel Tsevat

98 Skin Aging: A Generalization of the MicroinflammatoryHypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1289Paolo U. Giacomoni and Glen Rein

99 The Potential of Probiotics and Prebiotics forSkin Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299A. C. Ouwehand, S. Lahtinen, and Kirsti Tiihonen

100 Probiotics in Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315Benedetta Cinque, Paola Palumbo, Cristina La Torre,Esterina Melchiorre, Daniele Corridoni,Gianfranca Miconi, Luisa Di Marzio, Maria Grazia Cifone, andMaurizio Giuliani

101 Animal Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1329Shalini Krishnasamy, Sara Flores, Farzam Gorouhi, andHoward I. Maibach

102 New Insights in Photoaging Process Revealed by In VitroReconstructed Skin Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1337Claire Marionnet, Christine Duval, and Françoise Bernerd

103 Skinomics: A New Toolbox to Understand Skin Aging . . . . . 1361Sidra Younis, Mayumi Komine, Marjana Tomic-Canic, andMiroslav Blumenberg

104 Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1381Anthony P. Raphael, Danielle Tokarz, Marco Ardigò, andTarl W. Prow

xx Contents

Part VI Toxicology/Safety and Microbiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399

105 Susceptibility to Irritation in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1401Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, G. Frank Gerberick,Cindy A. Ryan, and Howard I. Maibach

106 The Vaginal Microbiota in Menopause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth. W. Miller, Yuli Song, andJack Sobel

107 Irritant Contact Dermatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1433Judit Lukács and Peter Elsner

108 Safety Evaluation in the Elderly via DermatologicalExposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1443Mario Bramante

109 Dermal Safety Evaluation: Use of Disposable DiaperProducts in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1457Daniel S. Marsman, Prashant Rai, and Susan P. Felter

110 Aging Skin Microbiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1473Duane L. Charbonneau, Yuli Song, and Chengxu Liu

111 Percutaneous Penetration of Chemicals and Aging Skin . . . . 1489Michael F. Hughes

112 Application of In Vitro Methods in Preclinical SafetyAssessment of Skin Care Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503Gertrude-Emilia Costin and Kimberly G. Norman

Volume 3

Part VII Genomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1523

113 Genetic Basis of Healthy Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525Anne Lynn S. Chang

114 Genodermatoses with Premature Aging/Syndromes . . . . . . . 1529Adele Chedraoui, Abdul Ghani Kibbi, and Mazen Kurban

115 Resetting Skin Genome Back to Health Naturallywith GHK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1549Loren Pickart, Jessica Michelle Vasquez-Soltero, andAnna Margolina

Part VIII Skin Scales and Typing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1567

116 Assessing Quality of Ordinal Scales Depicting Skin AgingSeverity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1569Fabien Valet, Khaled Ezzedine, Denis Malvy,Jean-Yves Mary, and Christiane Guinot

Contents xxi

117 The Baumann Skin Typing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1579Leslie S. Baumann

Part IX Skin Health, Nutrition, Resilience, Rejuvenation,and Management of Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1599

118 Preventive Skin Care During Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1601Andrea Lichterfeld, Elisabeth Hahnel,Ulrike Blume-Peytavi, andJan Kottner

119 Discovering the Link Between Nutrition andSkin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1613Aikaterini I. Liakou, Apostolos Pappas, andChristos C. Zouboulis

120 Aging Skin: Nourishing from the Inside Out – Effects ofGood Versus Poor Nitrogen Intake on Skin Health andHealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1619Giovanni Corsetti, Evasio Pasini, Vincenzo Flati,Claudia Romano, Anna Rufo, and Francesco S. Dioguardi

121 Aging Skin: Nourishing from Out-In – Lessons from WoundHealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1631Giovanni Corsetti, Vincenzo Flati, Evasio Pasini,Claudia Romano, Anna Rufo, Raimondo Pinna, andFrancesco S. Dioguardi

Part X Psychosocial Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1643

122 Psychological and Social Implications of Aging Skin:Normal Aging and the Effects of Cutaneous Disease . . . . . . 1645Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, Enzo Berardesca, andHoward I. Maibach

123 Aging Skin: Some Psychosomatic Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1657Madhulika A. Gupta

124 Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): EmergingMediators of Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1675Paraskevi Gkogkolou and Markus Böhm

Part XI Aging Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1687

125 Facial Skin Attributes and Age Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1689Alex Nkengne, Georgios N. Stamatas, and Christiane Bertin

126 The Neuroscience of Age Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1701Daniel B. Yarosh

xxii Contents

Part XII Gender, Ethnicity, and LifestyleDifferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1707

127 Determinants in the Rate of Skin Aging: Ethnicity,Gender, and Lifestyle Influences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1709Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, andHoward I. Maibach

128 Gender Differences in Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729Christina Phuong and Howard I. Maibach

129 Aging in Asian Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1757Low Chai Ling

Part XIII Sensitive Skin and Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1765

130 Perceptions of Sensitive Skin with Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1767Miranda A. Farage

131 Effects of Aging on Skin Reactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1793Michael K. Robinson

132 Skin Reactivity of the Human Face: Functional Map andAge Related Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1801John Jay P. Cadavona, Slaheddine Marrakchi, andHoward I. Maibach

Part XIV Ingredients, Products, and Cosmetics for AgingSkin Beauty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1815

133 Aging and Antiaging Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1817Carmela Rita Balistreri, Giuseppina Candore,Giovanni Scapagnini, and Calogero Caruso

134 Cosmetics and Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1829Robert L. Bronaugh and Linda M. Katz

135 Cosmetic Antiaging Ingredients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1839Donald L. Bissett, Mary B. Johnson, and John Oblong

136 Topical Growth Factors for Skin Rejuvenation . . . . . . . . . . . 1853Frank Dreher

137 Topical Peptides and Proteins for Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . 1865Farzam Gorouhi and Howard I. Maibach

138 Long-Term Estrogen Effects on Sun-ExposedHuman Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1897Hyun Sun Yoon and Jin Ho Chung

139 Solutions and Products for Managing Female UrinaryIncontinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1909Nancy Karapasha

Contents xxiii

140 Therapeutic Alternatives for the Treatment of EpidermalAging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1917Carla Abdo Brohem, Valéria Maria Di Mambro, andMárcio Lorencini

141 Influence of Aging on Sensorial Perception of Skin CareProducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1929Valéria Maria Di Mambro, Carla Abdo Brohem, andMárcio Lorencini

142 The Role of Neuropeptides in Skin WoundHealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1937Yun-Hee Choi, Sang Hyun Moh, and Ki Woo Kim

143 Wound Healing as We Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1949Jihane Abou Rahal and Dany Nassar

144 Antiaging Effects of Algae-Derived Mycosporine-LikeAmino Acids (MAAs) on Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1959Jeong Hun Lee, Hyeong-Sik Kim, Hyo Hyun Seo,Mi Young Song, Atul Kulkarni, Yun-Hee Choi,Ki Woo Kim, andSang Hyun Moh

145 Innovative Nutraceutical Approaches to Counteract theSigns of Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1967Licia Genovese and Sara Sibilla

146 Neck Rejuvenation with Fractional CO2 Laser . . . . . . . . . . . 1993A. Deniz Akkaya and Yasemin Oram

147 Changes in Vulvar Physiology and Skin Disorders withAge and Benefits of Feminine Wipes in PostmenopausalWomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, and William J. Ledger

Part XV Cosmetic Surgeries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2015

148 A New Paradigm for the Aging Face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017Samuel M. Lam

149 Cosmetic Surgery in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2027Richard Scarborough, Dwight Scarborough,Kimberly M. Eickhorst, and Emil Bisaccia

150 Facial Rejuvenation: A Chronology of Procedures . . . . . . . . 2059Alexander S. Donath

151 Elderly Face No Added Risk from Cosmetic Surgery . . . . . . 2073Julian Winocour, Varun Gupta, K. Kye Higdon,James C. Grotting, and Max Yeslev

xxiv Contents

152 Punctural Face Rejuvenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2083Igor Roganin

153 Bridging Science and Beauty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2095Christine C. Kim and Paul S. Yamauchi

154 Botulinum Toxin Type A and Laser Resurfacing ProvideAdjunctive Benefit to Skin Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2099Paul S. Yamauchi and Christine C. Kim

155 Update on Asian Eyelid Anatomy and Periocular AgingChange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2105Preamjit Saonanon and Katherine M. Whipple

Part XVI Mind/Skin/Body Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2119

156 Unified Mind/Body for a Healthy Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . 2121Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, Gabe Tzeghai, andHoward I. Maibach

157 Brain-Skin Connection: Impact of Psychological Stresson Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2131Ying Chen, Robert Maidof, and John Lyga

158 Place Your Bets, the Die Is Cast: The Skin at the RetiringAge Today and Tomorrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2153Claudine Piérard-Franchimont, Gérald E. Piérard,Marianne Lesuisse, and Trinh Hermanns-Lê

159 Sleep and Aging Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2161Linna Guan, Reena Mehra, and Elma Baron

Part XVII Global Market Place, Social and EmotionalAspects for the Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2175

160 Marketing and Product Design of Antiaging Skin CareProducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2177Nancy C. Dawes

161 Key Trends Driving Antiaging Skin Care in 2009and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2189Mary Carmen Gasco-Buisson

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2201

Contents xxv

About the Editors

Miranda A. Farage is a Research Fellow in the Global Clinical SciencesInnovation at the Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. Farageleads global research on genital health, dermatological testing and claims, newclinical methods development, sensitive skin, physiology, clinical toxicology,women’s health, quality of life, and related fields. Dr. Farage has inventednovel state-of-the-art clinical test methods that have resulted in efficient waysof assessing new technologies and products as well as the filing of 15 patentapplications. She has published more than 200 manuscripts and chapters inpeer-reviewed journals and medical books. She is the Editor-in-Chief ofseveral books such as The Vulva; Textbook of Aging Skin, first edition; TopicalApplication and the Mucosa; and Skin, Mucosa and Menopause: Managementof Clinical Issues.

Dr. Farage is a member of many scientific societies including the AmericanAcademy of Dermatology, the European College of Society of Vulva Diseases,the National Vulvodynia Association, the American Society for Testing andMaterials (ASTM) International, and the Science Advisory Board. Currently,she is serving on the editorial boards of more than a dozen scientific, derma-tology, and medical journals. She received a Ph.D. in Medical Sciences and amaster degree (MS) in Biology from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Before joining Procter & Gamble, she was a faculty member atthe Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech).

xxvii

Kenneth W. Miller• Principal Consultant, MargoshesMiller Consulting LLC, for Product Safety,Toxicology, and Regulatory Strategy (June 2015 to present).

• Associate Director, The Procter & Gamble Company (July 1984–June2015), with global safety and regulatory experience in medical devices,OTC health care products, and food products.

• Diplomate, American Board of Toxicology (1986–2006).• Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey(June 1982–July 1984), Nutritional Biochemistry.

• Doctoral degree (Ph.D.): Cornell University, 1982, Toxicology and FoodChemistry.

• Master’s degree (M.S.): Cornell University, 1979, Toxicology and FoodChemistry.

• Bachelor’s degree (B.S.): Iowa State University, 1977, Biology.• Dr. Miller has published over 50 manuscripts in the area of toxicology inpeer-reviewed journals plus numerous abstracts, book chapters, and pre-sentations at meetings of scientific societies. He is a member of severalscientific and professional societies.

xxviii About the Editors

Howard I. MaibachPresent Title: Professor

Education Degree

Tulane University, New Orleans, LA A.B.

Tulane University, New Orleans, LA M.D.

USPHS, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Resident/Fellow

Honorary degrees Degree Year

L’Universite de Paris-Sud, France Ph.D. 1985

Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France Ph.D. 2008

University of Southern Denmark M.D. 2010

Dr. Howard Maibach joined the University of California Faculty as AssistantProfessor and is currently Professor of Dermatology.

Dr. Maibach, an expert in contact and occupational dermatitis, sees patientsat the Environmental Dermatoses Clinic, which is part of the DermatologyClinic at UCSF. His most active fields of research are in dermatophar-macology, dermatotoxicology, and environmental dermatoses. He has beendoing human subject research for 45 years.

He has been on the editorial board of more than 30 scientific journals. Hisbibliography includes more than 2790 publications and 100 books.

He is member of 19 professional societies including the American Acad-emy of Dermatology (AAD), San Francisco Dermatological Society (SFDS),North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG), American ContactDermatitis Society (ACDS), International Contact Dermatitis ResearchGroup (ICDRG), Society of Toxicology (SOT), European Environmentaland Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG), and the Internal Com-mission on Occupational Health. He is a consultant to government, academia,and industry worldwide.

Dr. Howard Maibach was honored as the 2013 recipient of The MasterDermatologist Award by The American Academy of Dermatology’s 71stAnnual Conference held in Miami, Florida. This prestigious award recognizesan Academy member’s significant contributions to the field of dermatologyand to the American Academy of Dermatology.

About the Editors xxix

In March 2015, The International League of Dermatological Societies(ILDS) awarded Dr. Maibach their 2014 ILDS Certificate of Appreciation inrecognition of his outstanding contribution to dermatology, both nationallyand internationally, through his work, research, publications, and teaching inthe USA and over 60 countries.

xxx About the Editors

Contributors

Rami Abadi Department of Dermatology, American University of BeirutMedical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Ossama Abbas Department of Dermatology, American University of BeirutMedical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Jihane Abou Rahal Department of Dermatology, American University ofBeirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Jean Adamus Unilever Research and Development, Trumbull, CT, USA

Mohamed A. Adly Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, SohagUniversity, Sohag, Egypt

Avani Ahuja Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of InformationTechnology, Noida, UP, India

Denize Ainbinder Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, TheHebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

A. Deniz Akkaya Department of Dermatology, Koç University Hospital,Istanbul, Turkey

Department of Dermatology, V.K. Foundation, American Hospital of Istanbul,Istanbul, Turkey

Ali Alikhan Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincin-nati, OH, USA

Satoshi Amano Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, Japan

Marco Ardigò Clinical Dermatology, IFO San Gallicano DermatologicalInstitute, Rome, Italy

Melina C. Armenaka Department of Dermatology and Venereology,University of Athens, A. Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece

Hanan Assaf Department of Dermatology, Saudi German Hospital, Jeddah,Saudi Arabia

Daniel Asselineau L’Oreal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois,France

xxxi

Carmela Rita Balistreri Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotech-nologies, University of Palermo, Immunosenescence Unit, Palermo, Italy

Elma Baron Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland, OH, USA

Leslie S. Baumann Baumann Cosmetic and Research Institute, Miami, FL,USA

Enzo Berardesca San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy

Françoise Bernerd L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois,France

Christiane Bertin SkinCare R&D, Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France,Issy-les-Moulineaux, France

Marianne Berwick InternalMedicine, Division of Epidemiology, Universityof New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

Tapan K. Bhattacharyya Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Univer-sity of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA

Emil Bisaccia Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,New York, NY, USA

Johannes Bischof Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics,University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

Donald L. Bissett Beauty Technology Division, The Procter & GambleCompany, Sharon Woods Innovation Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Donald L. Bjerke The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety,Cincinnati, OH, USA

Thomas Blatt The Beiersdorf Research Center, Hamburg, Germany

Miroslav Blumenberg The R.O. Perelman Department of Dermatology,NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU LangoneMedical Center, New York, NY, USA

Ulrike Blume-Peytavi Department of Dermatology and Allergy, ClinicalResearch Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-UniversitätsmedizinBerlin, Berlin, Germany

Markus Böhm Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Neuroendocri-nology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology, University ofM€unster, M€unster, Germany

Carol Bosko Unilever Research and Development, Trumbull, CT, USA

Mario Bramante Product Safety and Regulatory Affairs, Procter & GambleService GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany

Douglas E. Brash Departments of Therapeutic Radiology, Genetics, andDermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

xxxii Contributors

Stéphane Brézillon Laboratoire de Biochimie, CNRS UMR 7369, Facultéde Médecine, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7369, Reims,France

Carla Abdo Brohem R&D Department, Grupo Boticário, São José dosPinhais, PR, Brazil

Robert L. Bronaugh Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safetyand Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD,USA

John Jay P. Cadavona Department of Dermatology, University of Califor-nia, San Francisco, CA, USA

Fernanda Camozzato Department of Dermatology, Brazilian Center forStudies in Dermatology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Giuseppina Candore Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnol-ogies, University of Palermo, Immunosenescence Unit, Palermo, Italy

Calogero Caruso Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnol-ogies, University of Palermo, Immunosenescence Unit, Palermo, Italy

Anne Lynn S. Chang Department of Dermatology, Stanford UniversitySchool of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA

Duane L. Charbonneau The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH,USA

Alexandra Charruyer Department of Dermatology and Eli and EdytheBroad, Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Universityof California, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA

Adele Chedraoui Department of Dermatology, Lebanese American Univer-sity, Beirut, Lebanon

Ying Chen Global R&D, Equity and Claims, Reckitt Benckiser, Montvale,NJ, USA

Shujiang (Suzie) Cheng Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA

Raymond J. Cho Department of Dermatology, University of California, SanFrancisco, CA, USA

Yun-Hee Choi Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd.,Incheon, Republic of Korea

Departments of Pharmacology and Global Medical Science, Institute ofLifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, WonjuCollege of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea

Kaare Christensen The Danish Twin Registry and The Danish AgingResearch Center, Department of Public Health, University of SouthernDenmark, Odense C, Denmark

Contributors xxxiii

Jin Ho Chung Department of Dermatology, Seoul National UniversityCollege of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Maria Grazia Cifone Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Universityof L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Benedetta Cinque Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University ofL’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Daniele Corridoni Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Depart-ment of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine,Cleveland, OH, USA

Giovanni Corsetti Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences,Division of Human Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia,Brescia, Italy

Gertrude-Emilia Costin The Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc. (IIVS),Gaithersburg, MD, USA

Justine Courtois Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging, Depart-ment of Dermatopathology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Jonathan M. Crowther JMC Scientific Consulting Ltd, Surrey, UK

Shweta Dang Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of InformationTechnology, Noida, UP, India

Razvigor Darlenski Department of Dermatology and Venereology, TokudaHospital Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

Nancy C. Dawes The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Philippe Delvenne Department of Dermatopathology, University Hospital ofLiège, Liège, Belgium

Céline Deneuville L’Oreal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois,France

Luisa Di Marzio Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara “Gd‘Annunzio”, Chieti - Pescara, Italy

Francesco S. Dioguardi Department of Internal Medicine and CommunityHealth, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Luisa A. DiPietro Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration,College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

Department of Biology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA

Alexander S. Donath Cincinnati Facial Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati, OH,USA

Frank Dreher MERZ North America, Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA

Laurence Du-Thumm Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA

xxxiv Contributors

Christine Duval L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois,France

Kimberly M. Eickhorst Dermatology Associates Of W CT, Danbury, CT,USA

Moetaz El-Domyati Department of Dermatology, Al-Minya University,Al-Minya, Egypt

Akram Elmahdy Department of Dermatology, University of California, SanFrancisco, CA, USA

Peter Elsner Department of Dermatology and Dermatological Allergology,Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany

Alex Eshaghian AE Skin, Encino, CA, USA

Khaled Ezzedine Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint-André, Bor-deaux, France

Miranda A. Farage Winton Hill Business Center, The Procter & GambleCompany, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Susan P. Felter The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Vincenzo Flati Department of Biotechnological and Applied ClinicalSciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Sara Flores Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincin-nati, OH, USA

Joachim W. Fluhr Department of Dermatology, Charité University Clinic,Berlin, Germany

Reema Gabrani Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Informa-tion Technology, Noida, UP, India

Mary CarmenGasco-Buisson P&GBrand Creation and Innovation, Procter& Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Licia Genovese Minerva Research Labs Ltd, London, UK

G. Frank Gerberick Human Safety Department, Procter and Gamble Com-pany, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Ruby Ghadially Department of Dermatology and Eli and Edythe Broad,Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University ofCalifornia, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA

Paolo U. Giacomoni Elan Rose Int., Tustin, CA, USA

Sarah Girardeau-Hubert L’Oreal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois, France

Maurizio Giuliani Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University ofL’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Contributors xxxv

Francesca Giusti Department of Dermatology, University of Modena andReggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Paraskevi Gkogkolou Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Neuro-endocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology, University ofM€unster, M€unster, Germany

Farzam Gorouhi Department of Dermatology, University of California,Davis, CA, USA

James C. Grotting Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama,Birmingham, AL, USA

Linna Guan Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland, OH, USA

Christiane Guinot Biometrics and Epidemiology Unit, CE.R.I.E.S.,Neuilly-sur-Seine, France

David A. Gunn Unilever Research and Development, Colworth SciencePark, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK

Madhulika A. Gupta Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medi-cine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

Prashant Gupta Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Informa-tion Technology, Noida, UP, India

Sanjay Gupta Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of InformationTechnology, Noida, UP, India

Varun Gupta Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nash-ville, TN, USA

Bahman Guyuron Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals ofCleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

Elisabeth Hahnel Department of Dermatology and Allergy, ClinicalResearch Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-UniversitätsmedizinBerlin, Berlin, Germany

Tomohiro Hakozaki Beauty Technology Division, The Procter & GambleCompany, Mason Business Center, Mason, OH, USA

Stacy S. Hawkins Unilever Research and Development, Trumbull, CT, USA

Valerie Haydont L’Oreal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois,France

Timothy P. Heffernan Departments of Therapeutic Radiology, Genetics, andDermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

Peter Helmbold Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg, Germany

xxxvi Contributors

Trinh Hermanns-Lê Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging,Department of Dermatopathology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège,Belgium

Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Dermatopathology, Unilab Lg,University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Doris Hexsel Department of Dermatology, Brazilian Center for Studies inDermatology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Department of Dermatology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grandedo Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

K. Kye Higdon Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nash-ville, TN, USA

Greg Hillebrand Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, USA

Tetsuji Hirao Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan

Regina Hourigan Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA

Christopher R. Hughes Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology,University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

Michael F. Hughes U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office ofResearch and Development, National Health and Environmental EffectsResearch Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA

Young Hui University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

Mahmoud R. Hussein Department of Pathology, Assir Central Hospital, andAssuit University, Assuit, Egypt

Qunshan Jia The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety,Cincinnati, OH, USA

Mary B. Johnson Beauty Technology Division, The Procter & GambleCompany, Sharon Woods Innovation Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Nancy Karapasha The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Alexandra Katsarou Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Univer-sity of Athens, A. Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece

Linda M. Katz Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety andApplied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA

Abdul Ghani Kibbi Department of Dermatology, American University ofBeirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Christine C. Kim Dermatology Institute and Skin Care Center, SantaMonica, CA, USA

Hyeong-Sik Kim Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd.,Incheon, Republic of Korea

Contributors xxxvii

Ki Woo Kim Departments of Pharmacology and Global Medical Science,Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea

Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium,Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea

Won-Serk Kim Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital,Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

Mayumi Komine Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University,Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

Jan Kottner Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical ResearchCenter for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Germany

Aleksandar Krbanjevic Department of Dermatology, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Shalini Krishnasamy University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Nils Krueger Rosenpark Research, Darmstadt, Germany

Jean Krutmann Environmental Health Research Institute (IUF), Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany

Atul Kulkarni Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd.,Incheon, Republic of Korea

School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, SouthKorea

Mazen Kurban Department of Dermatology, American University of BeirutMedical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University ofBeirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Cristina La Torre Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University ofL’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

S. Lahtinen Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik,Finland

Samuel M. Lam Willow Bend Wellness Center, Lam Facial Plastic SurgeryCenter and Hair Restoration Institute, Plano, TX, USA

William J. Ledger Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University,New York, NY, USA

Jeong Hun Lee Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd.,Incheon, Republic of Korea

xxxviii Contributors

Marianne Lesuisse Department of Dermatology, Unilab Lg, RegionalHospital Citadelle, Liège, Belgium

Department of Dermatology, Regional Hospital of Huy, Huy, Belgium

Jacquelyn Levin West Dermatology, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA

Davina A. Lewis Department of Anatomic Pathology and Histology,Covance CLS, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Aikaterini I. Liakou Departments of Dermatology, Venereology,Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany

University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

Andrea Lichterfeld Department of Dermatology and Allergy, ClinicalResearch Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-UniversitätsmedizinBerlin, Berlin, Germany

Low Chai Ling The Sloane Clinic, Singapore, Singapore

Chengxu Liu The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Jane Y. Liu Department of Dermatology, University of California, School ofMedicine, San Francisco, CA, USA

Márcio Lorencini R&DDepartment, Grupo Boticário, São José dos Pinhais,PR, Brazil

Isabelle Lorthois Centre LOEX de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

Stefanie Luebberding Rosenpark Research, Darmstadt, Germany

Judit Lukács Klinik f€ur Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena,Germany

John Lyga Avon Global R&D, Suffern, NY, USA

Howard I. Maibach Department of Dermatology, University of California,San Francisco, CA, USA

Robert Maidof Avon Global R&D, Suffern, NY, USA

Evgenia Makrantonaki Departments of Dermatology, Venereology,Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany

Geriatry Research Group, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Germany

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, UniversityMedical Center Ulm,Ulm, Germany

Denis Malvy EA 3677 and Centre René-Labusquière, Université VictorSegalen, Bordeaux, France

Department of Internal Medicine and Tropical Diseases, University HospitalCenter, Bordeaux, France

Contributors xxxix

Valéria Maria Di Mambro R&D Department, Grupo Boticário, São Josédos Pinhais, PR, Brazil

François-Xavier Maquart Laboratoire de Biochimie, CNRS UMR 7369,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims,France

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7369, Reims,France

Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Reims, Reims, France

Anna Margolina Research and Development, Skin Biology, Bellevue, WA,USA

Claire Marionnet L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois,France

Slaheddine Marrakchi Department of Dermatology, Hedi Chaker Hospital,Sfax, Tunisia

Daniel S. Marsman The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Jean-Yves Mary INSERM U717, Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology,DBIM, Saint-Louis Hospital, University Paris 7, Paris, France

Paul J.Matts Procter &Gamble, Greater London Innovation Centre, Egham,Surrey, UK

Walid Medhat Department of Dermatology, Al-Minya University,Al-Minya, Egypt

ReenaMehra Sleep Medicine Center, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,USA

Esterina Melchiorre Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Universityof L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Helen Meldrum Unilever Research and Development, Trumbull, CT, USA

Joseph Merregaert Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Department ofBiomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Afton Metkowski Department of Dermatology and Itch Center, TempleUniversity School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Thomas A. Meyer Bayer Healthcare, Memphis, TN, USA

Gianfranca Miconi Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University ofL’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Kenneth W. Miller Margoshes-Miller Consulting, LLC, Cincinnati, OH,USA

Jillian Wong Millsop Department of Dermatology, University of California,Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA

xl Contributors

Shivangi Mishra Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute ofInformation Technology, Noida, UP, India

Sang Hyun Moh Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd.,Incheon, Republic of Korea

Akimichi Morita Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology,Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan

D. James Morré MorNuCo, Inc, West Lafayette, IN, USA

Dorothy M. Morré MorNuCo, Inc, West Lafayette, IN, USA

Zeenat Nabi Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA

Kouichi Nakagawa Department of Radiological Life Sciences, GraduateSchool of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan

J. Frank Nash The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety,Cincinnati, OH, USA

Dany Nassar Department of Dermatology, American University of BeirutMedical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, AmericanUniversity of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Véronique Neiveyans L’Oreal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois,France

Isaac M. Neuhaus Department of Dermatology, University of California,San Francisco, CA, USA

Paul Nghiem Departments of Therapeutic Radiology, Genetics, and Derma-tology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

Kasra Soltani Nia Department of Dermatology, University of California,School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA

Georgios Nikolakis Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergologyand Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany

John Nip Unilever Research and Development, Trumbull, CT, USA

Jean-Luc Nizet Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Liège,Liège, Belgium

Alex Nkengne Clarins Laboratories, Pontoise, France

Kimberly G. Norman Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD,USA

John Oblong Beauty Technology Division, The Procter & GambleCompany, Sharon Woods Innovation Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Mutsumi Okazaki Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Grad-uate School of Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo, Japan

Contributors xli

Yasemin Oram Department of Dermatology, V.K. Foundation, AmericanHospital of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey

A. C. Ouwehand Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik,Finland

Noritaka Oyama Dermatology and Dermato-Allergology, Matsuda GeneralHospital, Ohno, Fukui, Japan

Department of Dermatology, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan

Herve Pageon L’Oreal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois, France

Paola Palumbo Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University ofL’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Apostolos Pappas The Johnson & Johnson Skin Research Center, CPPW, aDivision of Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc, Skillman, NJ,USA

Byung-Soon Park Cellpark Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, South Korea

Evasio Pasini “S. Maugeri Foundation”, IRCCS, Cardiology RehabilitativeDivision, Medical Centre of Lumezzane, Brescia, Italy

Paula C. Pennacchi Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Jerrold Scott Petrofsky Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda Uni-versity, Loma Linda, CA, USA

School of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA

Christina Phuong Department of Dermatology, University of California SanFrancisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

Loren Pickart Research and Development, Skin Biology, Bellevue, WA,USA

Gérald E. Piérard Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging, Depart-ment of Dermatopathology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Sébastien L. Piérard Telecommunication and Imaging Laboratory,INTELSIG, Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Claudine Piérard-Franchimont Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering andImaging, Department of Dermatopathology, University Hospital of Liège,Liège, Belgium

Department of Dermatology, Regional Hospital of Huy, Huy, Belgium

Raimondo Pinna Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Burns Centre,Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy

Thomas G. Polefka Life Science Solutions, LLC, Somerset, NJ, USA

S. Brian Potterf Unilever Research and Development, Trumbull, CT, USA

xlii Contributors

Tarl W. Prow Dermatology Research Centre, School of Medicine, TheUniversity of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, TranslationalResearch Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Prashant Rai L’Oreal China, Shanghai, China

Utkrishta L. Raj Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Informa-tion Technology, Noida, UP, India

Vibha Rani Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of InformationTechnology, Noida, UP, India

Matthew J. Ranzer Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration,College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

Department of Biology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA

Anthony P. Raphael Dermatology Research Centre, School of Medicine,The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, TranslationalResearch Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, HarvardMedical School, Boston, MA, USA

Christina Raschke Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena,Jena, Germany

Suresh I. S. Rattan Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of MolecularBiology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark

Anthony V. Rawlings AVR Consulting Ltd, Cheshire, UK

Glen Rein Innovative Biophysical Technologies, Ridgway, CO, USA

Klaus Richter Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Universityof Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

Sylvie Ricois L’Oreal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois, France

Mark Rinnerthaler Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics,University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

Caroline Ritacco Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging, Depart-ment of Dermatopathology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Diana Alyce Rivers The Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, TouroCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Michael K. Robinson Global Biotechnology and Life Sciences TechnologyPlatform, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason,OH, USA

Sheila Rocha Unilever Research and Development, Trumbull, CT, USA

Igor Roganin DAO Clinic, Moscow, Russia

Contributors xliii

Claudia Romano Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Divi-sion of Human Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia,Italy

David J. Rowe University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland, OH, USA

Nelly Rubeiz Department of Dermatology, American University of BeirutMedical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Anna Rufo Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences,University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Cindy A. Ryan The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Shingo Sakai Basic Research Laboratory, Kanebo Cosmetics Inc.,Kanagawa, Japan

Salah Salman Department of Dermatology, American University of BeirutMedical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Preamjit Saonanon Department of Ophthalmology, King ChulalongkornMemorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University,Bangkok, Thailand

Giovanni Scapagnini Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise,Campobasso, Italy

Richard Scarborough University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleve-land, OH, USA

Dwight Scarborough Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division ofDermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus,OH, USA

Megan E. Schrementi Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration,College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

Department of Biology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA

Peter Schroeder Environmental Health Research Institute (IUF), Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany

Miri Seiberg Seiberg Consulting, LLC, Princeton, NJ, USA

Stefania Seidenari Department of Dermatology, University of Modena andReggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Hyo Hyun Seo Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd.,Incheon, Republic of Korea

Garima Sharma Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Informa-tion Technology, Noida, UP, India

Susan N. Sherman SNS Research, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Shuichi Shibuya Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba Univer-sity Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan

xliv Contributors

Takahiko Shimizu Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, ChibaUniversity Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan

William Shingleton General Electric Company, Cardiff, UK

Sara Sibilla Minerva Research Labs Ltd, London, UK

Neha Singh Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of InformationTechnology, Noida, UP, India

James E. Sligh Medicine, Dermatology, The University of Arizona, Tucson,AZ, USA

Jack Sobel Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

Mi Young Song Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd.,Incheon, Republic of Korea

Yuli Song The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason,OH, USA

Dan F. Spandau Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry andMolec-ular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Georgios N. Stamatas SkinCare R&D, Johnson & Johnson Santé BeautéFrance, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France

Robert Stern The Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Touro Collegeof Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Maria Karolin Streubel Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics,University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

Paul R. Summers University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City,UT, USA

Cheri L. Swanson The Procter & Gamble Company, Sharon Woods Inno-vation Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Hachiro Tagami Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School ofMedicine, Sendai, Japan

Haw-Yueh Thong Department of Dermatology, University of California,San Francisco, CA, USA

Kirsti Tiihonen Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik,Finland

Danielle Tokarz Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts GeneralHospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON,Canada

Marjana Tomic-Canic Wound Healing and Regenerative MedicineResearch Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery andHussman Institute of Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller MedicalSchool, Miami, FL, USA

Contributors xlv

Salina M. Torres Department of Pathology, Center for HPV Prevention,University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

Elka Touitou Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

Jeffrey B. Travers Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology andDermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University,Dayton, OH, USA

Joel Tsevat Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of InternalMedicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati VAMedical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Katsuhiko Tsuchida Research and Development Department, Naris Cos-metics Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan

Gabe Tzeghai Wyoming, OH, USA

Efstratios Vakirlis Department of Dermatology and Venereology, AristotleUniversity of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Giuseppe Valacchi Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology,University of Ferrara, Ferrara (FE), Italy

Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea

Rodrigo Valdes-Rodriguez Department of Dermatology and Itch Center,Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Fabien Valet Biostatistics Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France

Jessica Michelle Vasquez-Soltero Research and Development, Skin Biol-ogy, Bellevue, WA, USA

Annika Vogt Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Depart-ment of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Germany

Shilpa Vora Unilever Research and Development, Bangalore, India

Kenji Watanabe Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba Univer-sity Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan

Yanusz Wegrowski Laboratoire de Biochimie, CNRS UMR 7369, Facultéde Médecine, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7369, Reims,France

Horst Wenck The Beiersdorf Research Center, Hamburg, Germany

Katherine M. Whipple Envision Eye and Aesthetics, Fairport, NY, USA

Cornelia Wiegand Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena,Jena, Germany

xlvi Contributors

Julian Winocour Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN, USA

Klaus-Peter Wittern The Beiersdorf Research Center, Hamburg, Germany

Hidekazu Yamada Department of Dermatology of Kinki University, Facultyof Medicine Nara Hospital, Kinki University Antiaging Center, Higashiosaka,Osaka Prefecture, Japan

Paul S. Yamauchi Dermatology Institute and Skin Care Center, SantaMonica, CA, USA

David Geffen School of School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Daniel B. Yarosh The Estee Lauder Companies, Inc., Melville, NY, USA

Max Yeslev Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,TN, USA

Koutaro Yokote Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, ChibaUniversity Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan

Hyun Sun Yoon Department of Dermatology, Seoul National UniversityBoramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea

Gil Yosipovitch Department of Dermatology and Itch Center, Temple Uni-versity School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Sidra Younis The R.O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, and Depart-ment of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone MedicalCenter, New York, NY, USA

Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Efterpi Zafiriou Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Universityof Thessaly, Larissa, Greece

Hanjiang Zhu Department of Dermatology, UC San Francisco, SanFrancisco, CA, USA

Ying Zou Department of Dermatology, UC San Francisco, San Francisco,CA, USA

Christos C. Zouboulis Departments of Dermatology, Venereology,Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany

Helene Zucchi L’Oreal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois, France

Contributors xlvii