STRONG AND WEAK SYLLABLES

STRONG AND STRONG AND WEAK SYLLABLESWEAK SYLLABLES

Lic. M. Daniela Farré de JuliánLic. M. Daniela Farré de Julián

WHAT IS A SYLLABLE?WHAT IS A SYLLABLE?

A syllable is a rhythmic unit of speech. Syllables A syllable is a rhythmic unit of speech. Syllables make it easier for the human mind to process the make it easier for the human mind to process the speech stream. A syllable is made up of one or speech stream. A syllable is made up of one or more segments; segments are the building more segments; segments are the building blocks for syllables. blocks for syllables.


THE SYLLABLE IS A THE SYLLABLE IS A PHONOLOGICAL UNITPHONOLOGICAL UNIT

A syllable is a unit of organization for a A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds.sequence of speech sounds.

For example, the word For example, the word waterwater is composed is composed of two syllables: of two syllables: wa wa and and terter . .


STRUCTURE OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABLESYLLABLE

A syllable is typically made up of a nucleus A syllable is typically made up of a nucleus (most often a vowel ) with optional initial (most often a vowel ) with optional initial and final marginsand final margins

(consonant) + VOWEL + (consonant) (consonant) + VOWEL + (consonant)


TYPES OF SYLLABLESTYPES OF SYLLABLES

SYLLABLES

STRONG WEAK


STRONG SYLLABLESSTRONG SYLLABLESNUCLEUS

STRONG VOWEL/A: { V e 3: i: O: Q u: /

SOME WEAK VOWELS/ I U /

DIPHTHONGS/aI eI OI aU @U I@ e@ U@/

TRIPHTHONG/ai@ eI@ OI@ aU@ @U@ /


WEAK SYLLABLESWEAK SYLLABLES

NUCLEUS

The vowel schwa /@ /

a close front unrounded vowel in the general area of / i: / and / I /

a close back rounded vowel in the general area of / u: / and / ʊ /

a syllabic consonant / l1 n1 m1 r1 N1 /


SCHWA AND SPELLINGSCHWA AND SPELLING

Spelt with “a”; strong pronuciation would be /æ/ Spelt with “a”; strong pronuciation would be /æ/ attend / əattend / ə′′tend / tend / character /character /′′kærəktə / kærəktə / barracks / barracks / ′′bærəks / bærəks /

Spelt with“ar”; strong pronuciation would have /ɑ:/ Spelt with“ar”; strong pronuciation would have /ɑ:/ particular / pəparticular / pə′′ttIIkjələ /kjələ /molar /molar /′′məʊlə/ məʊlə/ monarchy/monarchy/′′mQnəkimQnəki/ /


Adjectival endings “ate”; strong pronunciation would be /eAdjectival endings “ate”; strong pronunciation would be /eII//intimate / intimate / ′′IIntntIImət / mət / accurate / accurate / ′′ækjərət / ækjərət / desolate /desolate /′′desələt / desələt /

Spelt with “o”; strong pronunciation would have /Spelt with “o”; strong pronunciation would have /QQ/ / tomorrow /tətomorrow /tə′′mmQQrəʊ / rəʊ / potato / pəpotato / pə′′teteIItəʊ / təʊ / carrot / carrot / ′′kærət / kærət /

Spelt with “or”; strong pronunciation would have /ɔ:/ Spelt with “or”; strong pronunciation would have /ɔ:/ forget / fəforget / fə′′get /get /ambassador / æmambassador / æm′′bæsədə / bæsədə / opportunity / opportunity / ,,QpəQpə′′tju:nItI / tju:nItI /


Spelt with “e”; strong pronunciation would have /e / Spelt with “e”; strong pronunciation would have /e / settlement /settlement /′′setlmənt /setlmənt /violet /violet /′′vavaI@I@lət / lət / postman /postman /′′pəʊstmən /pəʊstmən /

Spelt with “er”; strong pronunciation would have /Spelt with “er”; strong pronunciation would have /ɜɜ:/ :/ perhaps / pəperhaps / pə′′hæps / hæps / superman /superman /′′su:pəmæn / su:pəmæn /

Spelt with “ ough” ( there are other pronunciation of Spelt with “ ough” ( there are other pronunciation of the letter sequence “ ough” ) the letter sequence “ ough” )

borough / borough / ′′bʌrə / bʌrə / thorough / thorough / ′′θʌrə / θʌrə /


Spelt with “u”; strong form would have /ʌ / Spelt with “u”; strong form would have /ʌ /

autumn / autumn / ′′ɔ:təm /ɔ:təm /support / səsupport / sə′′pɔ:t / pɔ:t /

Spelt with “ ous” Spelt with “ ous”

gracious /gracious /′′gregreIIʃəs /ʃəs /callous / callous / ′′kæləs / kæləs /


close front vowel /i:/ /I/

easy busy easy busy /i:zi:/ /b/i:zi:/ /bIIzi:/ zi:/ /i:zI/ /bIzI/ /i:zI/ /bIzI/ /i:zi/ /bIzi/ /i:zi/ /bIzi/

happy valleyhappy valley /hæpi/ /væli/ /hæpi/ /væli/

happier easiest happier easiest /hæpiə/ /i:ziəst / /hæpiə/ /i:ziəst /

hurryinghurrying/h/hʌʌriIŋ / riIŋ /


close back vowel /u://ʊ/ Weak syllables with Weak syllables with /u://ʊ/ are not so are not so

common.common. Their most frequent occurrence is in the Their most frequent occurrence is in the

words “ you” , “ into”, “ to”, “ do”,when words “ you” , “ into”, “ to”, “ do”,when they are unstressed and followed by a they are unstressed and followed by a vowel vowel

into a big roominto a big room /Intu @ bIg ru:m//Intu @ bIg ru:m/

and “ through” and “ who” in all positions and “ through” and “ who” in all positions when they are unstressedwhen they are unstressed


close front vowel /i:/ /I/

/i://i:zi:/ /b/i:zi:/ /bIIzi:/zi:/

/I//i:z/i:zII/ /b/ /bIIzzII//

RP /i:zi/ RP /i:zi/ //bIzi/bIzi/ Lic. M. Daniela Farré de JuliánLic. M. Daniela Farré de Julián

SYLLABIC CONSONANTSYLLABIC CONSONANT

CONSONANT THAT FUNCTIONS AS CONSONANT THAT FUNCTIONS AS

CENTRAL ELEMENT OF THE SYLLABLECENTRAL ELEMENT OF THE SYLLABLE

［［ n1 l1 m11 n1 l1 m11 N1 r1N1 r1 ］］


SYLLABIC SYLLABIC [[ l l1 ]1 ] It occurs after another consonantIt occurs after another consonant When in When in spellingspelling there is: there is:

““le” couple troublele” couple trouble [ kVpl1] [trVbl1] [ kVpl1] [trVbl1]

““el” panel Babelel” panel Babel [p{nl1] [beIbl1][p{nl1] [beIbl1] ““al” pedal papalal” pedal papal [pedl1] [peIpl1][pedl1] [peIpl1]


SYLLABIC SYLLABIC [[ n n1 ]1 ] Most common after: Most common after: alveolar plosives / t / /d /alveolar plosives / t / /d / eaten sudden eaten sudden but but happen bacon happen bacon [i:tn1] [sVdn1] [i:tn1] [sVdn1] [h{p[h{p@@n]n]

[beIk[beIk@@n]n] fricatives fricatives seven isn’t televisionseven isn’t television [sevn1] [Izn1t] [tel@vIZn1][sevn1] [Izn1t] [tel@vIZn1]


SYLLABIC SYLLABIC [[ n n1 ]1 ] Rarely used after: Rarely used after: affricates affricates

pigeon Christianpigeon Christian[pIdZ[pIdZ@@n] [krIstSn] [krIstS@@n]n]

the lateralthe lateral sullensullen[sVl[sVl@@n]n]

The sequence The sequence NASAL/ + PLOSIVE +NASALNASAL/ + PLOSIVE +NASAL London MintonLondon Minton[lVnd[lVnd@@n] [mIntn] [mInt@@n] n]


SYLLABIC SYLLABIC [[ mm11 N1 ] N1 ] They can occur as syllabic, but only as a They can occur as syllabic, but only as a

result of assimilation and elisionresult of assimilation and elision

happen thickenhappen thicken[h{p@n] [TIk@n][h{p@n] [TIk@n][h{p@n1] [TIk@n][h{p@n1] [TIk@n][h{pm1] [TIkN1] [h{pm1] [TIkN1]


SYLLABIC SYLLABIC [[ r1 ]r1 ] Less common in RP than in American Less common in RP than in American

accentsaccentsHistoryHistory[hIst@ri] [hIst@ri] not very frequentnot very frequent[hIstr1i] [hIstr1i] (3 syllables)(3 syllables)[hIstri] [hIstri] (2 syllables)(2 syllables)


COMBINATION OF COMBINATION OF SYLLABIC CONSONANTSSYLLABIC CONSONANTS Not very frequent in RPNot very frequent in RP

national veterannational veteran[n{Sn1l1] [n{Sn1l1]

[vetr1n1] [vetr1n1] [n{Sn1@l] [n{Sn1@l] more frequent in more frequent in RP RP

[vet@r@n][vet@r@n]Lic. M. Daniela Farré de JuliánLic. M. Daniela Farré de Julián

STRONG AND WEAK SYLLABLES

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