СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ Учебное ...

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Transcript of СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ Учебное ...

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2 + …+ �n2 = na2 (2.7)

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121

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«�&#45- 1»: O – 67, Na – 1, Mg – 1, Al – 3, Si – 19, K – 1, Ca – 1, Fe – 1, Pb – 7% «�&#45- 2»: O – 67, Na – 1, Mg – 1, Al – 7, Si – 19, K – 2, Ca – 1, Fe – 1%

122

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«�*%#:%3: '&#45- 1»: O – 66, Na – 1, Mg – 1, Al – 3, Si – 20, K – 1, Ca – 1, Fe – 1, Pb – 6% «�*%#:%3: '&#45- 3»: O – 69, Na – 1, Al – 6, Si – 20, K – 4%

�*'.4.12. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B-�%*D3 -�+=#�� '!*%D�!�: B��+8-* * "#-#&4�

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123

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«�&#45- 1»: O – 67, Mg – 1, Al – 5, Si – 22, � – 1, Ca – 2, Fe – 3, Cu– 2% «�&#45- 2»: O – 66, Al – 3, Si – 21, Ca – 5, Cu– 5 %

+�!*'*/�'5* �5 C�#/#%5%�B� '�'5�!� �5=#�,%3# <-�B/#%53 B��+8-* /�B85 4-*'5���*+�!�5,'7 (-*'.4.15).

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«�&#45- 1»: O – 45, Al – 1, Si – 10, � – 1, Ca – 1, Cu– 42% «�&#45- 2»: O – 46, Al – 3, Si – 21, Ca – 13, Cu– 16 %

4.5. K���!�������!� ���!��

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=�*+/#�,"�#/8E '/#', =�&��%*5#�,%� !!�=*5, '��5!#5'5!8EF*# *%B-#=*#%53 =�7 &��8"#%*7 D#/#%5%�B� 4�/%7 %#�$��=*/3� ��-�45#-*'5*4. �G%#:M*/ *%B-#=*#%5�/ D#/#%5%�B� 4�/%7 7!�7#5'7 !�=�. %�"��,%�: '5�=** 5#�%���B*"#'4�B� &-�D#''� &-* *+B�5�!�#%** 4�%B��/#-�5%�: '/#'* !�=� !3&��%7#5 <8%4D*E &��'5*<*D*-8EF#B� 4�/&�%#%5�, ! =��,%#:M#/ */#%%� ' #U 8"�'5*#/ &-�*'��=*5 '5-8458-��$-�+�!�%*#. ��=�$%� 5�/8, 4�4 !�=� ! &�-�=�� �5%�'*5'7 4 5-U/ 4�5#B�-*7/ ('!7+�%%�:, &#-#��=%�B� 5*&� * '!�$�=%�:), ! 5�4*� *'48''5!#%%3� 4�%B��/#-�5�� 4�4 D#/#%5%3: 4�/#%, �%� 5�4G# 5��,4� "�'5*"%� �'5�U5'7 ! '!�$�=%�/ '�'5�7%**. $��,M#: /#-# �%� !%#=-7#5'7 ! 4-*'5���*"#'4*# -#MU54* %�!3� <�-/*-8EF*�'7 <�+. =%�4� -�''/�5-*/ =�7 %�"��� �'%�!%3# C5�&3 &-�*+!�='5!� '�/�B� !7G8F#B�. �-*%D*&*��,%�7 #B� 5#�%���B*"#'4�7 '�#/� '�'5�*5 *+ '�#=8EF*� �'%�!%3� �&#-�D*:: &�=B�5�!4� *'��=%3� 4�/&�%#%5�! '3-,7; =�+*-�!�%*#; &-*=�%*# '3-,E 8=�$��$G*B�#/�B� '�'5�7%*7 ' 8"U5�/ 4�%'5-84D** &#"*; �$G*B; &�/�� &-�=845�! �$G*B� – ! '/#'* ' =�$�!4�/* *�* $#+ =�$�!�4. "#!*=%�, "5� D#%5-��,%�# /#'5� ! 5#�%���B** +�%*/�#5 �$G*B. �-* �&-#=#�U%%3� 5#-/*"#'4*� -#G*/�� '3-,#!�7 '/#', &-#5#-&#!�#5 *+/#%#%*7 ! �*/*"#'4�/ '�'5�!# * '5-8458-#. �-* 5#/&#-�58-�� '&#4�%*7, 4�B=� �$G*B�#5'7 '3-,U =�7 &��8"#%*7 &�-5��%=D#/#%5%�B� 4�*%4#-�, �$-�+8#5'7 G*=4�7 <�+�, 4�5�-�7 8'4�-7#5 �*/*"#'4*# -#�4D** /#G=8 5!U-=3/* !#F#'5!�/*. �-�=845 �$G*B� &-*�$-#5�#5 %�!�# 4�"#'5!�, �5�*"%�# �5 4�"#'5!� '3-,7 *�* #B� 4�/&�%#%5�!. %� !3-�G�#5'7 ! &�7!�#%** !7G8F*� '!�:'5! 8 &-�=845� �$G*B� &�'�# +�5!�-#%*7 #B� !�=�:. ��7 �$G*B� &-*/#%7E5 !-�F�EF*#'7 &#"* =�*%�: �5 150 =� 230 /, =*�/#5-�/ 5 – 7 / ' -�+�*"%3/* +�&#"%3/* 8'5-�:'5!�/* (4�%!#:#-%3: 4��,D*%�5�-, D*4��%%3# 5#&���$/#%%*4*, ����=*�,%*4* * =-.). -�F�EF8E'7 &#", 8'5�%�!�*!�E5 ' %#$��,M*/ 84��%�/ ! '5�-�%8 &#-#=!*G#%*7 '3-,#!�: '/#'*. ��-7"*# B�+3 %�&-�!�7E5'7 %�!'5-#"8 '3-,#!�: /�''#. �� !'#: =�*%# !-�F�EF#:'7 &#"* 8'��!%� !3=#�7E5 -7= +�%, 4�5�-3# -�+�*"�E5 &� �'%�!%3/ <*+*"#'4*/ * �*/*"#'4*/ &-�D#''�/, &-�*'��=7F*/* &-* %�B-#!�%**. 5#�%���B** D#/#%5� �*/*"#'4*# <�-/8�3 "�'5� !3-�G�E5'7 ! !*=# '8//3 �4'*=�!: 5�4 5-#�4��,D*#!3: '*�*4�5, Ca3SiO5, /�G%� &-#='5�!*5, 4�4 3��¢SiO2. S5� %# �+%�"�#5, "5� '�'5�!�7EF*# '*�*4�5 �4'*=3 */#E5 %#4�# '�/�'5�75#�,%�# '8F#'5!�!�%*# !%85-* '5-8458-3. $3"%� <�-/8�3 %�*$��## -�'&-�'5-�%#%%3� �4'*=�! '�4-�F�E5 =� �=%�: $84!3, %�&-*/#- � =�7 �, S =�7 SiO2. �-* 5#/&#-�58-# =� 100 B-�=8'�! *'&�-7#5'7 '!�$�=%�7 !�=�. �-* 5#/&#-�58-# �4��� 500 B-�=8'�! &-�*'��=*5 -�+��G#%*# B�*%*'53� /*%#-���! ! '!7+* ' 8=��#%*#/ 4�%'5*58D*�%%�: !�=3:

Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O = Al2O3 + 2SiO2 + 2H2O (4.4) *%5#-!��# 5#/&#-�58- 600 – 950 B-�=8'�! &-�*'��=*5 =*''�D*�D*7 4�-$�%�5�!:

136

MgCO3 = MgO + CO2 (4.5) CaCO3 = CaO + CO2 (4.6)

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2CaO + SiO2 = 2CaO·SiO2 (4.7) CaO + Al2O3 = CaO·Al2O3 (4.8) 2CaO + Fe2O3 = 2CaO·Fe2O3 (4.9)

*%5#-!��# 5#/&#-�58- 1000 – 1200 B-�=8'�! &-�*'��=75 -#�4D** �$-�+�!�%*7 5-#�4��,#D*#!�B� ��E/*%�5� (�3�) * =!8�4��,D*#!�B� '*�*4�5� (�2S):

2CaO + CaOAl2O3 = 3CaO·Al2O3 (4.10) 2CaO + SiO2 = 2CaO·SiO2 (4.11)

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2CaO + SiO2 = 2CaO·SiO2 (4.12)

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CaO + 2CaOSiO2 = 3CaO·SiO2 (4.13) &-�D#''# ����G=#%*7 G*=4�7 <�+� 5-�%'<�-/*-8#5'7 ! 5-U�4��,D*#!3: ��E/*%�5 3CaO·Al2O3 (�3�) * "#53-U�4��,D*#!3: ��E/�<#--*5 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 (C4AF). �+/#%#%*# <�+�!�B� '�'5�!� ' &�=N#/�/ 5#/&#-�58-3 &-#='5�!�#%� %� -*'.5.8. �� =�'5*G#%** 5#/&#-�58-3 1500°� '*'5#/� &�=!#-B�#5'7 ����G=#%*E (Raffreddamento). ��4*/ �$-�+�/, ! -#+8�,5�5# <*+*4�-�*/*"#'4*� &-�D#''�! &-* �$G*B# '3-,#!�: '/#'* �$-�+8#5'7 4�*%4#- (-*'.4.21, 4.22), ! '�'5�!# 4�5�-�B� */#E5'7 '��G%3# '�#=*%#%*7 4�4 ! 4-*'5���*"#'4�/ '�'5�7%** – C2S * C3S, 5�4 * '5#4���$-�+%�/ – �3� * C4AF. �-�/# 5�B�, &-*'85'5!8E5 ! %U/ MgO (B��!%3/ �$-�+�/ ! !*=# 4-*'5����! &#-*4��+�), �� * R2O – ! '5#4��!*=%�: <�+#.

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�2S (Ca2SiO4), C3S (Ca3SiO4), C3A (Ca3Al2O6), C4AF (4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 )

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138

%#$��,M�B� 4��*"#'5!� MgO, Al2O3, P2O5, Cr2O3 * =-. Q�57 '�=#-G�%*# C5*� &-*/#'#: ! 5-#�4��,D*#!�/ '*�*4�5# * %#$��,M�# (2—4%), %� �%* �&-#=#�#%%3/ �$-�+�/ !�*7E5 %� #B� '5-8458-8 * '!�:'5!�. �#�*5 !5�-�: �'%�!%�: /*%#-�� &�-5��%=D#/#%5%�B� 4�*%4#-�, �5�*"�#5'7 /#=�#%%3/ 5!#-=#%*#/, %� �$#'&#"*!�#5 =�'5*G#%*# !3'�4�: &-�"%�'5* &-* =�*5#�,%�/ 5!#-=#%** &�-5��%=D#/#%5�. �#�*5, 4�4 * ��*5, &-#='5�!�7#5 '�$�: 5!#-=3: -�'5!�- =!8�4��,D*#!�B� '*�*4�5� * %#$��,M�B� 4��*"#'5!� (1—3 %) 5�4*� &-*/#'#:, 4�4 �l2O3, Fe2O3, �B2O3 * =-. '%�!%3# 4-*'5���*53, <�-/*-8EF*# 4�*%4#-: - =!8�4��,D*#!3: '*�*4�5 - 2CaO·SiO2 (C2S), - 5-#�4��,D*#!3: '*�*4�5 - 3CaO·SiO2 (C3S), - "#53-U�4��,D*#!3: ��E/�<#--*5 - 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 (C4AF), - CaO * &#-*4��+ – MgO, - 5-U�4��,D*#!3: ��E/*%�5 3CaO·Al2O3 (�3�). -#��,%3� '*'5#/�� <*4'*-8E5'7 $��## '��G%3# '�#=*%#%*7. �-* -#%5B#%�B-�<*"#'4*� *''�#=�!�%*7� (-*'.4.23) D#/#%5%�B� 4�*%4#-� %�/* !37!�#%3 =!# 4-*'5���*"#'4*# <�+3: ��5-8-*5 (93%) * $-�8%/*��#-*5 (7%).

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020

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2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

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�*'. 5.36. ��'&-#=#�#%*# "�'5*D &� -�+/#-�/ B�*%3 ���/�%�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 (8�,5-�+!84�!�7 �$-�$�54� 2 /*%)

178

5.4.2. ���)!�)��, ��&����!�" � &�%����8%�" ������ (��% �. ��(!�'���!�� (��%�

�5-8458-� B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 =�'5�5�"%�

%#-�!%�/#-%�7, �%� &-#='5�!�#%� +#-%�/* -�+�*"%3� <-�4D*: (-*'.5.33).

�*'.5.33. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# �$-�+D� B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 71, Mg – 1, Al – 4, Si – 18, K – 1, Ca – 3, Fe - 2% ��'5*D3 B�*%3 &-#='5�!�#%3 4�%B��/#-�5�/*, '�'5�7F*/* *+ $��## /#�4*� �$-�+�!�%*:. ��%B��/#-�53 B�*% */#E5 -�+�*"%3: C�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! (-*'.5.34, 5.35).

�*'.5.34. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# �$-�+D� B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3:

'�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»: O – 63, Na – 1, Mg – 1, Al – 8, Si – 21, K – 1, Ca – 1, Fe - 4%

�*'.5.35. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# �$-�+D� B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3:

'�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»: O – 71, Mg – 3, Al – 7, Si – 14, K – 1, Fe - 4%

179

���*/*%#-��,%3# B�*%3 *'4�E"*5#�,%� -�+%��$-�+%3 &� '!�#/8 �*/*"#'4�/8 '�'5�!8 (5�$�.5.2). ��:��#� 5.2. Q*/*"#'4*: '�'5�! %#4�5�-3� B�*% -#'&8$�*4* ��5�-'5�%, !

%

�#'5�-�G=#%*7 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO CaO MgO Na2O K2O��F�4�!'4�# 67,3 0,6 9,6 3,3 0,4 0,1 5,8 1,9 1,2 2,1 �. �84'*%'4�# 69,5 0,7 12,6 5,0 0,2 0,1 1,7 1,5 0,9 2,1 �-'4�# 69,4 0,6 13,1 4,3 0,3 0,1 1,9 1,4 1,4 1,9 ��E"*F*%'4�# 69,1 0,8 11,7 4,8 - 0,1 2,6 1,7 1,0 2,0

�*%#-��,%3: '�'5�! B�*% %� 5#--*5�-** -#'&8$�*4* ��5�-'5�% �5�*"�#5'7 4�4 &� '�'5�!8 B�*%*'53� /*%#-���!, 5�4 * &� =-8B*/ 4�/&�%#%5�/ B�*% (-*'.5.36 – 5.39).

16,0

63

8,46

0

7,07

5

4,97

3

6,38

2

4,48

5

4,21

7

3,77

5

3,25

23,

197

2,56

9

3,34

1

2,45

6

2,28

1

14,3

49

9,90

4

4,25

5

010

0020

0030

00

Cou

nts

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

�*'.5.36. �*<-�45�B-�//� B�*%3 ��E"*F*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

�*'.5.37. �*%#-��,%3: '�'5�! B�*%3 ��E"*F*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. ���*"#'5!#%%3:

�%��*+ !3&��%#% ! &-�B-�//# Difrac.eva &� &*4�!3/ +%�"#%*7/ /#G&��'4�'5%3� �5-�G#%*:

180

Qua

rtz

Qua

rtz

Qua

rtz

Chl

orite

Chl

orite

Mus

covi

te

Mus

covi

te

Mus

covi

te

Mic

rocl

ine

Alb

ite Alb

ite Alb

iteA

lbite

Alb

ite

Albi

te

Alb

ite

Alb

ite

Mon

t-t

Mon

t-t

Mon

t-t

Mon

t-t

Mon

t-t

010

020

030

040

050

060

0

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

�*'.5.38. �*<-�45�B-�//� B�*%3 �8*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

�*'. 5.39. �*%#-��,%3: '�'5�! B�*%3 �8*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. ���*"#'5!#%%3: �%��*+

!3&��%#% ! &-�B-�//# Difrac.eva &� &*4�!3/ +%�"#%*7/ /#G&��'4�'5%3� �5-�G#%*:

�� /*%#-��,%�/8 '�'5�!8 B�*%� ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 (-*'.5.40, 5.41, 5�$�.5.3) /��� �5�*"�#5'7 �5 ����-�!'4�: B�*%3.

010

0020

0030

0040

0050

00

Cou

nts

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

����������� ���� �����Quartz, synAlbiteMuscovite-2M2Calcite, synMicroclineClinochloreMontmorilloniteDolomite

�*'.5.40. �*<-�45�B-�//� B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. �*<-�45�/#5- �-84#-

181

�*'.5.41. �*<-�45�B-�//� B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. �%75� %� =*<-�45�/#5-# �-�% 7

��$�*D� 5.3. ��'M*<-�!4� /*%#-��,%�B� '�'5�!� B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B�

/#'5�-�G=#%*7 d, Š�*%#-�� d, Š�*%#-�� 14,164 /�%5/�-*���%*5 3,3232 4!�-D 9,782 /8'4�!*5 3,2228 ��� 7,0685 /�%5/�-*���%*5 3,171 &��B*�4��+ 4,9333 /8'4�!*5 2,8737 &��#!3# M&�53 4,227 4!�-D 2,7982 &��#!3# M&�53

B�*%# ��/�=3M'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 *=#%5*<*D*-�!�%3 B�*%*'53# /*%#-��3 4���*%*5 3, /�%5/�-*���%*5 – 7 % (-*'.5.42).

010

0020

0030

0040

0

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060 �*'.5.42. �*<-�45�B-�//� B�*%3 ��/�=3M'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

<�+�!�/ '�'5�!# B�*%3 Q�3'5�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 '!3M# 6% /*%#-��� 4��,D*5, � B�*%*'5�B� /*%#-��� /�%5/�-*���%*5 /#%## 1% (-*'.5.43).

182

�*'.5.43. ��+�!3: '�'5�! B�*%3 Q�3'5�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

�. ���%� � ����!�& ��-��0�%��& !��:�%����

��*%3 ' !3'�4*/ '�=#-G�%*#/ 4�-$�%�5�! */#E5 �'�$#%%�'5* '�'5�!� * '5-8458-3.

��$�*D� 5.4. Q*/*"#'4*: '�'5�! B�*%3 ���/�%�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 ('�=#-G�%*# ! % %� �$'��E5%� '8�8E %�!#'48)

SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MnO CaO MgO Na2O K2O P2O5 ''' �)&&�37,14 0,62 13,42 4,46 0,05 19,86 1,6 0,29 2,10 0,11 20,11 99,82

<�+�!�/ '�'5�!# B�*%3 '�=#-G�%*# /*%#-��� 4��,D*5 &-#!3M�#5 40% (-*'.5.44).

020

4060

8010

012

014

016

018

020

0

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060 �*'.5.44. �*<-�45�B-�//� B�*%3 ���/�%�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 &-* 5#/&#-�58-# 50°

��'�����: � 0�� � ������#)�$ ��*�������''�$ ������ '������ ���� ������ � � ����, � � ������.

183

B�*%# ���/�%�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 '�=#-G�%*# �5�/�! 4��,D*7 !3M# '�=#-G�%*7 �5�/�! 4-#/%*7 (-*'.5.45).

�*'.5.45. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 ���/�%�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 72, Mg – 1, Al – 4, Si – 10, K – 1, �� – 11, Fe - 1 %

��-$�%�53 ! B�*%# &-#='5�!�#%3 '!�#�$-�+%3/* $85�%�/* (-*'.5.46). S5* $85�%3 '�'5�75 *+ #F# $��## !3'�4�=*'&#-'%3� �#&#'54�! 5��F*%�: ! =#'754* %�%�/#5-�! (-*'.5.47).

�*'.5.46. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 ���/�%�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

�*'.5.47. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 ���/�%�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 B�*%# �5�-4*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 4�-$�%�53 &-#='5�!�#%3, 4�4 * ! ���/�%�!'4�: B�*%#, !3'�4�=*'&#-'%3/* �$-�+�!�%*7/* (-*'.5.48 - 5.51).

184

�*'.5.48. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# �5�-4*%'4�: B�*%3. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»: O – 74, Mg – 11, Al – 2, Si – 3, Ca - 10%

�*'.5.49. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# �5�-4*%'4�: B�*%3. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»: O – 46, Al – 17, Si – 28, K – 7, Fe – 2%

�*'.5.50. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# �5�-4*%'4�: B�*%3. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B�

'&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»: O – 58, Mg – 2, Al – 10, Si – 21, K – 4, Ca – 2, Fe – 3%

185

�*'.5.51. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# �5�-4*%'4�: B�*%3. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 79, Mg – 9, Al – 2, Si – 3, K – 1, Ca – 7%

'5-8458-# B�*%3 *=#%5*<*D*-8E5'7 4�%B��/#-�53 -�+�*"%�: =*'&#-'%�'5* (-*'.5.52).

�*'.5.52. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# �5�-4*%'4�: B�*%3

��7 &-�*+!�='5!� 4*-&*"� %� %*G#B�-�='4�/ +�!�=# «�#-/�» *'&��,+8#5'7 M*�5�, '�'5�7F�7 *+ B�*%3 �5�-4*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 (80%) ' =�$�!�#%*#/ &��*/*%#-��,%�: B�*%3 * /#��. �5-8458-� M*�53 '8F#'5!#%%� �5�*"�#5'7 �5 '5-8458-3 �5�-4*%'4�: B�*%3 (-*'.5.53 – 5.57).

�*'.5.53. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� '3-D� +�!�=� �#-/�. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+

-#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»: O – 71, Mg – 4, Al – 4, Si – 13, K – 1, Ca – 5, Fe – 2%

186

�*'.5.54. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# M*53 +�!�=� «�#-/�»

�*'.5.55. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� '3-D� +�!�=� �#-/�. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 79, Mg – 1, Al – 2, Si – 5, Ca – 5%

187

�*'.5.56. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� '3-D� +�!�=� �#-/�. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+

-#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»: O – 68, Mg – 9, Al – 1, Si – 3, Ca – 18, Fe - 1%

�*'.5.57. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� '3-D� +�!�=� �#-/�. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+

-#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»: O – 60, Mg – 2, Al – 11, Si – 19, K – 4, Ca – 2, Fe - 2%

��*%*'5�7 4�/&�%#%5� M*�53 &-#='5�!�#%� '��*'53/* �$-�+�!�%*7/* (-*'.5.58).

�*'.5.58. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# M*�53 +�!�=� «�#-/�»

188

3'�4�# '�=#-G�%*# 4�-$�%�5�! !'5-#"�#5'7 * ! B�*%�� _G%�B� <#=#-��,%�B� �4-8B�, 5�4 ! B�*%# ��'5�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 !37!�#% '�#=8EF*: /*%#-��,%3: '�'5�!: ��,$*5 - 11.17%, /*4-�4�*% - 13.97%, ���-*5 - 1.20%, 4���*%*5 - 4.01%, /�%5/�-*���%*5 - 18.70%, 4��,D*5 - 12.96%, 4!�-D - 32.09%, '�E=� - 5.62%, B*&' - 0.28% (-*'.5.59)

040

080

012

0016

0020

0024

0028

00

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

Rostov clayQuartzAlbiteMicroclineMontmorillonite, glycolatedClinochloreMuscovite-2M1Kaolinite-1AGypsumCalcite, syn

�*'.5.59. �*<-�45�B-�//� B�*%3 ��'5�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

�. ���%� � ����!�& ��-��0�%��& �!��-� ��=&�%�+

B�*%# ��!��-'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 (-#%$8-B'4�7 �$��'5,) '�=#-G�%*#

/*%#-��� 4���*%*5 '�'5�!�7#5 75 % (-*'.5.60)

010

020

030

040

050

060

0

Cou

nts

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

NO-50Quartz, synCorundum, synKaolinite-1AMuscovite-2M2Illite-montmorillonite

�*'.5.60. �*<-�45�B-�//� B�*%3 ��!��-'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

189

�*'. 5.61. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# ��!��-'4�: B�*%3. S�#/#%*%3: '�'5�!� *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»: O – 70, Al – 14, Si – 16 %

'5-8458-# B�*%3 ��!��-'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 "#54� *=#%5*<*D*-8E5'7

'��*'53# B�*%*'53# /*%#-��3, &-#='5�!�#%%3# 4���*%*5�/ (-*'.5.62 – 5.68).

�*'. 5.62. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# ��!��-'4�: B�*%3

190

�*'. 5.63. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# ��!��-'4�: B�*%3

�*'. 5.64. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# ��!��-'4�: B�*%3

�*'. 5.65. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# ��!��-'4�: B�*%3

191

�*'. 5.66. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# ��!��-'4�: B�*%3

�*'. 5.67. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# ��!��-'4�: B�*%3

�*'. 5.68. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# ��!��-'4�: B�*%3

192

B�*%# _G%�-�M4�5*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 (-#%$8-B'4�7 5�$��'5,) '�=#-G�%*# /*%#-��� 4���*%*5 '8F#'5!#%%� %*G# (33 %), +�5� 4!�-D� +%�"*5#�,%� !3M# (52 %).

+%�"*5#�,%�: '5#&#%* B�*%� &-#='5�!�#%� +#-%�/* 4!�-D� -�+/#-�/ =� 50 /4/, %�-7=8 ' 4!�-D#/ ! '5-8458-# B�*%3 <*4'*-8E5'7 * =-8B*# !3'�4�=*'&#-'%3# �$-�+�!�%*7 (-*'.5.69 – 5.70).

�*'.5.69. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 _G%�-�M4�5*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3:

'�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»: O – 56, Si – 44%. �*'&#-'%3: 4!�-D

�*'.5.70. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 _G%�-�M4�5*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

193

�$-�+D# B�*%3 ��'�!�-�*/�%*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 (��'4�!'4�7 �$��'5,) &-*'85'5!8E5 4!�-D (50%), '�E=� (20 %), &��#!3# M&�53 (8 %), /�%5/�-*���%*5 (4 %), ���-*5 (3%) * 4���*%*5 (15 %). �5-8458-� B�*%3 &-#='5�!�#%� +#-%�/* -�+�*"%�: =*'&#-'%�'5* * '�'5�!� (-*'.5.71 - 5.75).

�*'.5.71. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 ��'�!�-�*/�%*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

�*'.5.72. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 ��'�!�-�*/�%*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. «��"4*» 4���*%*5�

194

�*'.5.73. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 ��'�!�-�*/�%*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 68, Mg – 1, Al – 8, Si – 20, K – 2, Fe – 1%

�*'.5.74. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 ��'�!�-�*/�%*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 60, Al – 1, Si – 39%

195

�*'.5.75. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# B�*%3 ��'�!�-�*/�%*%'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»:

O – 69, Mg – 1, Al – 9, Si – 19, K – 2, Fe – 1%

<�+�!�/ '�'5�!# B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 (-#'&8$�*4� ��M4�-5�'5�%) !37!�#% '�#=8EF*: /*%#-��,%3: '�'5�!: 4!�-D - 26,88, /*4-�4�*% – 10,30, /�%5/�-*���%*5 – 10,30, 4���*%*5 – 54,50 % (-*'.5.76).

010

0020

0030

0040

00

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

�Quartz, synMontmorilloniteKaoliniteClinochloreMicrocline

�*'.5.76. ��*%� �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 '�-5 ��2/3 �5-8458-� B�*%3 &-#='5�!�#%� &-#*/8F#'5!#%%� !3'�4�=*'&#-'%3/* �$-�+�!�%*7/*

��E/�'*�*4�5�! (-*'.5.77 – 5.86).

196

�*'.5.77. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 77,21, Na – 0,23, Mg – 0,16, Al – 9,32, Si – 12,50, K – 0,10, Ca – 0,04, Ti – 0,23, Fe - 0,22 %

�*'.5.78. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3:

'�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»: O – 76,60, Al – 2,39, Si – 30,87, Ti – 0,05, Fe - 0,08, Tl – 0,02 %

197

�*'.5.79. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3:

'�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 3»: O – 69,64, Mg – 0,16, Al – 10,28, Si – 19,10, � – 0,15, �� – 0,07, Ti – 0,23, Fe - 0,36 %

�*'.5.80. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 4»:

O – 73,27, Na – 0,17, Mg – 0,26, Al – 9,76, Si – 15,62, � – 0,13, Ti – 0,41, Fe - 0,39 %

198

�*'.5.81. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 76,55, Na – 0,22, Mg – 0,55, Al – 9,05, Si – 12,72, K – 0,38, Ca – 0,09, Ti – 0,16, Fe - 0,24, �� – 0,03 %

�*'.5.82. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»:

O – 74,72, Na – 0,19, Mg – 0,17, Al – 9,73, Si – 14,58, K – 0,14, Ti – 0,20, Fe - 0,28 %

199

�*'.5.83. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 3»:

O – 71,31, Na – 0,19, Mg – 0,15, Al – 10,19, Si – 17,44, K – 0,19, �� – 0,06, Ti – 0,21, Fe - 0,25 %

�*'.5.84. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 71,33, Na – 0,17, Mg – 0,22, Al – 10,01, Si – 17,58, K – 0,14, �� – 0,06, Ti – 0,22, Fe - 0,27 %

200

�*'.5.85. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3:

'�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»: O – 74,10, Mg – 0,18, Al – 6,95, Si – 18,26, K – 0,11, �� – 0,05, Ti – 0,16, Fe - 0,16, Tl –

0,03 %

�*'.5.86. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �8/�4'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3:

'�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 3»: O – 71,77, Mg – 0,16, Al – 9,12, Si – 17,84, K – 0,13, �� – 0,07, Ti – 0,37, Fe - 0,23 %

<�+�!�/ '�'5�!# B�*%3 �*G%#8!#�,'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 (�#�7$*%'4�7

�$��'5,) !37!�#% '�#=8EF*: /*%#-��,%3: '�'5�!: 4!�-D – 37,43, /8'4�!*5 – 8,90, /�%5/�-*���%*5 – 13,12, ���-*5 – 0,44, 4���*%*5 – 40,12 % (-*'.5.87).

201

010

0020

0030

0040

0050

0060

0070

00

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

����� �������������Quartz, synMontmorilloniteMuscovite-2M2KaoliniteClinochloremixed layer

�*'.5.87. ��*%� �*G%#8!#�,'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 '�-5 ����

�*'.5.88. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �*G%#8!#�,'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 64,79, Mg – 0,44, Al – 12,68, Si – 16,90, K – 0,20, �� – 0,14, Ti – 0,27, Fe - 4,57 %

202

�*'.5.89. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �*G%#8!#�,'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»:

O – 55,00, Mg – 0,26, Al – 14,63, Si – 18,58, K – 0,17, �� – 0,23, Ti – 1,56, Fe - 9,57 %

�*'.5.90. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� B�*%3 �*G%#8!#�,'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 3»:

O – 61,43, Mg – 0,21, Al – 12,99, Si – 16,58, K – 0,19, �� – 0,13, Ti – 0,76, Cr – 0,06, Fe - 7,64 %

<�+�!�/ '�'5�!# 4���*% - '3-D� �*#/$�#!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

(-#'&8$�*4� ��M4�-5�'5�%) !37!�#% '�#=8EF*: /*%#-��,%3: '�'5�!: 4!�-D – 47,36, ��,$*5 – 4,18, /8'4�!*5 – 9,25, 4���*%*5 – 39,21 % (-*'.5.91).

203

030

0060

0090

0012

000

1500

0

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

������-����� ������������ �-�Quartz, synAlbite, highMuscovite-2M2Kaolinite

�*'.5.91. �*<-�45�B-�//� 4���*%-'3-D� �*#/$�#!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7

�*'.5.92. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� 4���*%-'3-D� �*#/$�#!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 76,01, Na – 0,32, Al – 11,21, Si – 11,99, S – 0,07, Cl – 0,08, Ti – 0,04, Fe - 0,29 %

�*'.5.93. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� 4���*%-'3-D� �*#/$�#!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»:

O – 71,71, Na – 0,22, Al – 12,65, Si – 14,29, S – 0,10, Cl – 0,09, Ti – 0,17, Fe - 0,50 %

204

�*'.5.94. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� 4���*%-'3-D� �*#/$�#!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 67,78, Mg – 0,57, Al – 12,03, Si – 16,06, Cl – 0,07, K – 2,53, Ti – 0,15, Fe - 0,81 %

�*'.5.95. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� 4���*%-'3-D� �*#/$�#!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»:

O – 73,80, Na – 0,29, Mg – 0,37, Al – 10,03, Si – 12,72, Cl – 0,06, K – 1,90, Ti – 0,17, Fe - 0,60, Mo – 0,06 %

5.4.3. ���&����!�" �%���$ (��%

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205

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010

020

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040

050

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080

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4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

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010

0020

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2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

diatomite_cem_1.rawQuartz, synPseudowollastonite, synOrthoclase

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O – 71, Al – 1, Si – 27, �� – 1%

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219

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$��'5* &-*/#%#%*7: �%5#%%3 =�7 -�=*� * !*=#�"�'5�5, !3'�4�"�'5�5%3# &-�!�=%*4* * �%5#%%3, +�&*'3!�EF*# B���!4*, /�B%*5%�7 &�/75, =�7 4�/&,E5#-�!, �'D*��75�-3, &-�!�=%*4*, /�B%*5%3# &,#+�C�#45-*"#'4*# <*�,5-3, %�B-#!�5#�,%3# C�#/#%53, &��8&-�!�=%*4*, !3'�4�!��,5%3# 4�%=#%'�5�-3.

��'5�!: BaTiO3, CaTiO3, CrTiO3, ZnO, B12C3, TiC, SiC, BeO, Al2O3, <#--*53.

������� ����. �!�:'5!�: <�8�-#'D#%D*7, &��7-*+�D*7, �&5*"#'4�7 5-�%'�7D*7, 5-�%'&�-#%5%�'5,.

$��'5* &-*/#%#%*7: '!#5�*+�8"�EF*# =*�=3, ��+#-%3# =*�=3, �&5*"#'4�7 &�/75,, '!#5�!���4%*'53# 4�//8%*4�D**, ��/&3, !3'�4�5#/&#-�58-%3# �*%+3.

��'5�!: CdS, ZnS, Y2O3, ThO2, TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3. ������� ����. �!�:'5!�: /#��%*"#'4�7 &-�"%�'5, &-* !3'�4*�

5#/&#-�58-��, �B%#8&�-%�'5,, +�F*5� �5 -�=*�D**. $��'5* &-*/#%#%*7: +�F*5�, �$�*D�!4�, 7=#-%�# 5�&�*!�. ��'5�!: BeO, Al2O3, B4C, SiC, C, ThC, UC, P4O2. !������� ����. �!�:'5!�: 5#&��&-�!�=%�'5,, 5#&��#/4�'5,,

5#-/�*+��7D*7, �B%#8&�-%�'5,, '�&-�5*!�#%*# 5#-/*"#'4�/8 8=�-8. $��'5* &-*/#%#%*7: 5#-/*"#'4�7 *+��7D*7 =�7 C�#45-�%*4*,

/�5#-*��3 =�7 C�#45-�=�!, �$�*D�!4� &#"#:. ��'5�!: Al2O3, ZrO2, MgO, BeO, BaS, CeS, Si3O4, TiB2, ZrB2, B4C, TiC,

SiC. "�#������ ����. �!�:'5!�: 5!#-=�'5,, '�&-�5*!�#%*#

'4��,G#%*E, /#�#%*"#'4�7 &-�"%�'5,, �$-�+*!%�7 8'5�:"*!�'5,, '4��,G#%*#. $��'5* &-*/#%#%*7: 5�"%3# &-*$�-3, =#5��* =!*B�5#�#:, ��&�'5*

58-$*%, *%'5-8/#%53, �$-�+*!3, 5!#-=3# '/�+4*. ��'5�!: Si3O4, ZrO2, SiC, TiB2, TiC, B4C, WC, TiN, Al2O3, C.

��$�5�7 %�= '�+=�%*#/ %�!3� /�5#-*���!, *''�#=�!�5#�7/* ! 70-� B�=�� &-�M��B� !#4� $3�� 8'5�%�!�#%�, "5� %*5-*= 4-#/%*7 �$��=�#5 '&�'�$%�'5,E �$-�+�!3!�5, 5!#-=3# -�'5!�-3 ' $��,M*/ 4��*"#'5!�/ 4�!��#%5%3� * *�%%3� '�#=*%#%*:, %�*$��## &�&8�7-%�: *+ %*� 7!�7#5'7 '*'5#/� Si3N4 – Al2O3, 4�5�-8E %�+!��* ����. �*���% (-*'.7.3) */##5 %#

265

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�*'. 7.3. #-%� '*���%� –¥ ! �4-8G#%** '5#4��<�+3 –g

��7 �$#'&#"#%*7 *%5#%'*!%�: * C4�%�/*"%�: C4'&�8�5�D** /�M*% �5 /�5#-*���! 5-#$8#5'7 '5�$*�,%�7 -�$�5� &-* &�!3M#%%3� 5#/&#-�58-��, %�&-7G#%*7� * '4�-�'57�. �#M#%*# C5�: +�=�"* '!7+�%� ' &#-'&#45*!�: '�+=�%*7 %�!3� G�-�&-�"%3�, G�-�'5�:4*� * *+%�'�'5�:4*� /�5#-*���!. � 5�4*/ /�5#-*���/ �5%�'75'7 4#-�/*4� – /#5���*"#'4*# 4�/&�+*53 *�* ���'��&.

��&��� – C5� /�5#-*��3, &-#='5�!�7EF*# '�$�: B#5#-�<�+%3# 4�/&�+*D** �=%�: *�* %#'4��,4*� 4#-�/*"#'4*� <�+ ' /#5����/* * '&��!�/*, �$��=�EF*# 4�/&�#4'�/ '!�:'5!, *%5#B-*-8EF*/ ��-�45#-*'5*4* %#'4��,4*� 4�/&�%#%5�!.

��4 *+!#'5%�, '5#4���$-�+%�# !#F#'5!� */##5 $��## !3'�48E C%#-B*E &� '-�!%#%*E ' 4-*'5���*"#'4*/ '�'5�7%*#/, * &�C5�/8 �%� 7!�7#5'7 /#5�'5�$*�,%3/. �-* �&-#=#�U%%3� 8'��!*7� '5#4�� /�G#5 4-*'5���*+�!�5,'7 * �$-�+�!3!�5, ���������'���.

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266

&�'�# "#B� &85U/ 5#-/��$-�$�54* C5� *+=#�*# /�G%� &�=!#-B�5, 4-*'5���*+�D**. S5� '5�%=�-5%3 /#5�= &-�*+!�='5!� '5#4��4#-�/*4*, %� ! %#4�5�-3� '�8"�7� *'&��,+8E5 * &�-�M4�!3: /#5�=, 4�4 * &-* &-�*+!�='5!# 5#�%*"#'4�: 4#-�/*4*. ��-�M4��$-�+%�# '5#4�� &-#''8E5, &�'�# "#B� +�B�5�!48 &�=!#-B�E5 !3'�4�5#/&#-�58-%�: �$-�$�54#, ! -#+8�,5�5# 4�5�-�: &-�*'��=75 �$G*B * 4-*'5���*+�D*7.

7.1.3. B���%�� !���&����!�� &�������� %� ��%��� (��%

� &��5%3/ 4#-�/*"#'4*/ /�5#-*���/ ' !3'�4�: =��#: �/�-<%�: <�+3 �5%�'*5'7 !��%!��. �''�#=�!�%*# 4�*%4#-� %#/#D4�: <*-/3 �� !37!*�* �'�$#%%�'5* #B� '5-8458-3, 4�5�-�7 &-�7!�7#5'7, &-#G=# !'#B�, ! &��5%�: 8&�4�!4# (-*'. 7.4).

�*'.7.4. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# 4�*%4#-� <*-/3 ��, �#-/�%*7.

5/#5*/, "5� «&�#%4�» �/�-<%�: <�+3 &�4-3!�#5 -#�*45�!3# +#-%� 4!�-D�, '4�#*!�7 5#/ '�/3/ *� (-*'.7.5).

�*'.7.5. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# 4�*%4#-� <*-/3 ��, �#-/�%*7

���5%�7 8&�4�!4�, '��5!#5'5!#%%� *+/#%#%*# C�#/#%5%�B� '�'5�!� %� 8"�'54��, -�'&���G#%%3� !=��, �*%** "#-#+ 4�G=3# 3 /4/, =#/�%'5-*-8E5 /�%��*5%8E '5-8458-8 4�*%4#-� (-*'.7.6).

267

�*'.7.6. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# 4�*%4#-� <*-/3 ��, �#-/�%*7. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+

-#%5B#%�!'4*� '&#45-�! 8"�'54�!, �$�+%�"#%%3� «�*%#:%3: '&#45- 1»: O – 59, Si – 41%, «�*%#:%3: '&#45- 2»: O – 59, Si – 41%,

«�*%#:%3: '&#45- 3»: O – 58, Al – 5, Si – 34, K – 1, Fe – 1%, «�*%#:%3: '&#45- 4»: O – 59, Mg – 1, Al – 13, Si – 23, K – 3, Fe – 1%.

�/�-<%�7 '5#4��<�+� 7!�7#5'7 &-#�$��=�EF#: ! '5-8458-# /�5#-*��� (-*'.7.7), "5� &�=5!#-G=�#5'7 =�%%3/* <�+�!�B� �%��*+� (-*'.7.8).

�*'.7.7. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# 4�*%4#-� <*-/3 ��, �#-/�%*7

268

020

040

060

080

010

0012

0014

00

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50 60

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

kLINKER-ABCQuartz, synAlbite, (low)MicroclineHematite, syn

�*'.7.8. �*<-�45�B-�//� 4�*%4#-� <*-/3 ��. ���7 �/�-<%�: <�+3 '�'5�!�7#5 74%

�%���B*"%3# *''�#=�!�%*7 $3�* &-�!#=#%3 ' 4�*%4#-�/ &-�$%�: &-�/3M�#%%�: &�-5**, &-�*+!#=#%%�: %� +�!�=# «��#4'##!'4�7 4#-�/*4�», B=# 5�G# +�<*4'*-�!�%� &��5%�7 '5-8458-� (-*'.7.9).

�*'..7.9. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# 4�*%4#-� +�!�=� «��#4'##!'4�7 4#-�/*4�»

'5-8458-# 4�*%4#-� +�!�=� «��#4'##!'4�7 4#-�/*4�» 5�G# &-#�$��=�#5 '5#4��<�+� (-*'.7.10 – 7.12), "5� &�=5!#-G=�#5'7 =�%%3/* <�+�!�B� �%��*+� (-*'.7.13).

�*'..7.10. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# 4�*%4#-� +�!�=� «��#4'##!'4�7 4#-�/*4�»

269

�*'.7.11. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� 4�*%4#-� +�!�=� «��#4'##!'4�7 4#-�/*4�». S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4*� '&#45-�! 8"�'54�!, �$�+%�"#%%3�

«�&#45- 1»: O – 67, Mg – 2, Al – 5, Si – 23, Fe – 3%, «�&#45- 2»: O – 60, Na – 1, Al – 7, Si – 26, K – 1, Ca – 3%

�*'.7.12. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� 4�*%4#-� +�!�=� «��#4'##!'4�7 4#-�/*4�». S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 3»:

O – 74, Si – 26%

020

040

060

080

010

0012

0014

0016

00

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

Klinker-AlexQuartz, synAlbite, (low)Hematite

�*'.7.13. �*<-�45�B-�//� 4�*%4#-� +�!�=� «��#4'##!'4�7 4#-�/*4�».

���7 �/�-<%�: <�+3 '�'5�!�7#5 67%

270

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�*'.7.14. ��5� �$-�+D� 4#-�/*4* *+ B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. ��$G = 1100°� � &�=N#/�/ 5#/&#-�58-3 �$G*B� =� 1150°� =��7 �/�-<%�: <�+3 ! �$-�+D�� *+ B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 8!#�*"*!�#5'7 ' 23 =� 43%, ! &#-!8E �"#-#=,, +� '"#5 -�+-8M#%*7 B*=-�'�E=*'5�B� /*%#-��� /8'4�!*5 * "�'5*"%�B� &��!�#%*7 4!�-D�, =��7 4�5�-�B� '%*G�#5'7 ' 45 =� 26%. �

271

=-8B�: '5�-�%3, *+ �/�-<%�: <�+3 4-*'5���*+8#5'7 /*%#-�� =*�&'*=, =��7 4�5�-�B� '�'5�!�7#5 12%. ��4�# '�"#5�%*# �/�-<%�: * 4-*'5���*"#'4*� <�+ * �$#'&#"*!�#5 !3'�48E &-�"%�'5, �$-�+D�! (-*'.7.15).

010

020

030

040

050

060

070

080

090

010

00

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50 60

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

�*'.7.15. �*<-�45�B-�//� �$-�+D� 4#-�/*4* *+ B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. ��$G = 1150°�. ��+�!3: '�'5�!: �/�-<%�7 – 43, 4!�-D – 26, ��,$*5 – 19,

=*�&'*= (G#�#+*'53:) – 12%

��/&-#''*�%%�# <�-/�!�%*# '&�'�$'5!##5 &��5%�: 8&�4�!4#, 4�5�-�7 +�4-#&�7#5'7 =��,%#:M*/ 8&��5%#%*#/ ! &-�D#''# '&#4�%*7 (-*'.7.16).

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/#'5�-�G=#%*7. ��$G = 1150°�.

#-%� -#�*45�!3� /*%#-���! &-�"%� «'4�##%3» �/�-<%�: <�+�: (-*'.7.17, 7.18).

�*'.7.17. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$-�+D� 4#-�/*4* *+ B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. ��$G = 1150°�.

272

�*'.7.18. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$-�+D� 4#-�/*4* *+ B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. ��$G = 1150°�

��$�!�#%*# ! B�*%8 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 10% ^�� &-* 5#� G# 8'��!*7� �$G*B� &-�!�=*5 4 +%�"*5#�,%� $��## !3'�4�/8 '�=#-G�%*E �/�-<%�: <�+3. <�+�!�/ '�'5�!# �$-�+D�, �$�GG#%%�B� &-* 1150°� (-*'.7.19) '�=#-G�%*# �/�-<%�: <�+3 '�'5�!�7#5 81%, 4!�-D� – 3, ��,$*5� – 6, /*4-�4�*%� – 1, B#/�5*5�, !����'5%*5� – 1%. %�"*5#�,%3: &-*-�'5 �/�-<%�: <�+3 /�G%� '!7+�5, ' &��!�#%*#/ 4!�-D�, '�=#-G�%*# 4�5�-�B� '%*+���', =� 3%.

010

020

030

040

050

060

070

080

0

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

Quartz, synAlbite, (low)Hematite, synMicroclineWollastonite-1A, syn

�*'.7.19. �*<-�45�B-�//� 4#-�/*4* *+ B�*%3 ����-�!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 ' =�$�!4�: 10% D#��*5'�=#-G�F#: &�-�=3 &�'�# �$G*B� &-* 1150°�

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273

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276

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277

020

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Cou

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2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

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278

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�3 &���B�#/, "5� '!5�3# 4-*'5���3 – C5� 4!�-D, G#�5�-+#�#%�!�53# – =*�&'*=, 4-�'%3# – B#/�5*5. �S� *+�$-�G#%*7 �$-�+D� 4#-�/*4* (-*'.7.31, 7.32) =#/�%'5-*-8E5 '8F#'5!#%%3# -�+�*"*7 ! '5-8458-# * C�#/#%5%�/ '�'5�!# -�+�*"%3� <-�B/#%5�! �$-�+D�.

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279

�*'.7.32. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# 4#-�/*4* *+ B�*%3 Q�3'5!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 ' 5%

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2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

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296

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2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

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297

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298

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299

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300

�*'.7.72. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� <�-<�-� +#�#%�B� D!#5�. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

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0030

0040

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0060

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Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

#����� ��������$��QuartzAlbite, highMuscovite-2M2Gehlenite, synMullite, syn

307

010

020

030

040

050

0

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

#����� ��������$��QuartzAlbite, highMuscovite-2M2Gehlenite, synMullite, syn

�*'.7.83. �#-#&�4 �$�GG#%%�: &�*54* �$�*D�!�"%�:. �*<-�45�B-�//3 =�%3 ! =!8� /�'M5�$��

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�*'.7.85. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# &�*54* �$�*D�!�"%�:

308

�*'.7.86. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$�*D�!�"%�: &�*54*. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 76,25, Na – 0,16, Mg – 0,31, Al – 1,05, Si – 21,76, K – 0,09, Ca – 0,17, Fe - 0,05, Ba – 0,12, Tl – 0,03 %

�*'.7.87. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$�*D�!�"%�: &�*54*. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+

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309

�*'.7.88. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$�*D�!�"%�: &�*54*. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 62,05, Mg – 26,59, Al – 3,45, Si – 6,55, K – 0,09, Ca – 0,53, Ti – 0,09, Fe - 0,65 %

�*'.7.89. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$�*D�!�"%�: &�*54*. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 70,30, Na – 0,13, Mg – 6,79, Al – 6,71, Si – 13,74, K – 0,24, Ca – 1,09, Ti – 0,13, Fe - 0,35 %

310

�*'.7.90. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$�*D�!�"%�: &�*54*. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»:

O – 67,33, Na – 0,34, Mg – 8,86, Al – 6,85, Si – 14,89, K – 0,31, Ca – 0,82, Ti – 0,17, Fe - 0,41, Tl – 0,02 %

�*'.7.91. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$�*D�!�"%�: &�*54*. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 68,49, Na – 0,45, Mg – 2,79, Al – 9,33, Si – 15,17, � – 0,09, K – 0,20, Ca – 2,92, Ti – 0,19, Fe - 0,38 %

311

�*'.7.92. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$�*D�!�"%�: &�*54*. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»:

O – 70,39, Na – 0,40, Mg – 1,41, Al – 8,17, Si – 17,25, � – 0,06, K – 0,26, Ca – 1,63, Ti – 0,15, Fe - 0,28 %

�*'.7.93. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$�*D�!�"%�: &�*54*. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

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312

�*'.7.94. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� �$�*D�!�"%�: &�*54*. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+

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010

0020

0030

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Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

%����� #�����Quartz, synAlbite, highMullite, syn

010

020

030

040

0

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

%����� #�����Quartz, synAlbite, highMullite, syn

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313

�5-8458-� "#-#&4� $��## &��5%�7, &�-3 +�4-353# (-*'.7.96 – 7.99).

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O – 69,17, Na - 0,65, Mg – 0,20, Al – 1,74, Si – 27,79, K – 0,22, Ca – 0,06, Fe - 0,06 %

�*'.7.97. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� &�*54* &���. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»:

O – 63,44, Na – 1,27, Mg – 0,34, Al – 4,02, Si – 29,61, K – 0,76, Ca – 0,36, Ti – 0,07, Fe - 0,13 %

314

�*'.7.98. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� &�*54* &���. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 1»:

O – 62,92, Mg – 0,12, Al – 0,21, Si – 36,74 %

�*'.7.99. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# <-�B/#%5� &�*54* &���. S�#/#%5%3: '�'5�! *+ -#%5B#%�!'4�B� '&#45-� 8"�'54�, �$�+%�"#%%�B� «�&#45- 2»:

O – 67,04, Na – 2,09, Mg – 0,69, Al – 11,05, Si – 17,32, K – 0,77, Ca – 0,44, Ti – 0,08, Fe - 0,52 %

!*=8 8'4�-#%%�B� �$G*B� �5/#"�#5'7 %#4�5�-3# *+/#%#%*7 <�+�!�B� '�'5�!� &�*54* &� ## !3'�5# (-*'.7.100 – 7.102).

315

�*'.7.100. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# !#-�%#: "�'5* &�*54* (0,5 // �5 �*D#!�: &�!#-�%�'5*) ��+�!3: '�'5�!: �/�-<%�7 – 73,62, /8��*5 - 3,88, B#/�5*5 – 0,66

�*'.7.101. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# '-#=%#: "�'5* &�*54* (4 // �5 �*D#!�: &�!#-�%�'5*). ��+�!3: '�'5�!: �/�-<%�7 – 75,88, /8��*5 - 1,239, B#/�5*5 – 0,7

�*'.7.102. �S� *+�$-�G#%*# %*G%#: "�'5* &�*54* &��� (1 // �5 /�%5�G%�: '5�-�%3). ��+�!3: '�'5�!: �/�-<%�7 – 69,33, /8��*5 - 4,73, B#/�5*5 – 0,24

316

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318

�$-�+D�� 4#-�/*4* %� $�+# B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 &�'�# �$G*B� &-* 1000°� (-*'.7.103) &��F�=, '#4'5#5� (�5%�'7F#/8'7 4 B#/�5*58 ) '�'5�!�7#5 60 %, � =8$�#5� - 40% (! =�%%�/ '�8"�# ' $��,M�: !#-�75%�'5,E *%=*4�5�- '�=#-G�%*7 G#�#+� ! �/�-<%�: <�+#). ��%## /3 8G# �5/#"��*, "5� ! &-�D#''# �$G*B� B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 !&��5, =� 5#/&#-�58-3 1000°� %�!3# 4-*'5���*"#'4*# <�+3, +� *'4�E"#%*#/ B#/�5*5� %# �$-�+8E5'7, �=%�4� B#/�5*5 «!3&�=�#5» %# %� '5�=** &�=N#/� 5#/&#-�58-3, � ! &-�D#''# ����G=#%*7 (-*'.7.104). <�+�!�/ '�'5�!# 8G# �'53!M#B� �$-�+D� '�=#-G�%*# 4!�-D� 35 %, &��#!3� M&�5�! 39 %, /8'4�!*5� 7 %, B#/�5*5� 2 %.

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�#/&#-�58-� �$G*B� 1000°�

010

020

030

040

050

060

070

080

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0

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nts

10 20 30 40

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

�*'.7.104. �*<-�45�B-�//� 4#-�/*4* *+ B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7 &-* 5#/&#-�58-# 1000°�. �*<-�45�/#5- Shimadzu (/*%#-�� 4�-8%= �5%�'*5'7 %# 4 �$-�+8, � 4

&�=��G4#)

� &�!3M#%*#/ 5#/&#-�58-3 �$G*B� =� 1100°� �5%�'*5#�,%�7 *%5#%'*!%�'5, '#4'5#5� !�+-�'5�#5 =� 64 %, '��5!#5'5!#%%� ! <�+�!�/ '�'5�!# =��7 B#/�5*5� !�+-�'5�#5 ' 2 =� 4%, � =��7 �/�-<%�: <�+3 8!#�*"*!�#5'7 ' 19 =� 31% (-*'.7.105, 7.106).

319

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97

98

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100

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�*'.7.105. �#''$�8C-�!'4*: '&#45- �$-�+D� *+ B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. �#/&#-�58-� �$G*B� 1100°�

010

0020

0030

0040

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Cou

nts

10 20 30 40

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

Alex 30-1QuartzAlbiteMicroclineHematite, syn

�*'.7.106. �*<-�45�B-�//� �$-�+D� *+ B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. �#/&#-�58-� �$G*B� 1100°�

�-* =��,%#:M#/ &�=N#/# 5#/&#-�58-3 =� 1150°� (-*'.7.107, 7.108) !

/#''$�8C-�!'4�/ '&#45-# �5%�'*5#�,%�7 *%5#%'*!%�'5, '#4'5#5� !�+-�'5�#5 =� 71 %, '��5!#5'5!#%%� =��7 B#/�5*5� !�+-�'5�#5 =� 5 %, � =��7 �/�-<%�: <�+3 -�'5#5 =� 37 %, *+=#�*# &-*�$-#5�#5 5#/%�-4-�'%3: D!#5.

320

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�*'.7.107. �#''$�8C-�!'4*: '&#45- �$-�+D� *+ B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. �#/&#-�58-� �$G*B� 1150°�

030

060

090

012

0015

00

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

Alex 30-2QuartzAlbiteMicroclineHematite, syn

�*'.7.108. �*<-�45�B-�//� �$-�+D� *+ B�*%3 ��#4'##!'4�B� /#'5�-�G=#%*7. �#/&#-�58-� �$G*B� 1150°�

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010

0020

0030

0040

00

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nts

10 20 30 40 50 60

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

Si O2 Quartz alpha, syn Na Al Si3 O8 Albite, disordered Fe2 O3 Hematite ( K.95 Na.05 ) Al Si3 O8 Microcline

�*'.7.111. �*<-�45�B-�//� �$3"%�B� 4*-&*"� +=�%*7 Q1Q !#4�

�� =�%%3/ ��� ! &�!#-�%�'5%�/ '��# G#�#+%74� !37!�#%3 '�#=8EF*# <�+3: 4!�-D – 59, ��,$*5 – 24, /�B%#5*5 – 3, B#/�5*5 – 14 %. �#/�5*5 -#%5B#%�/ %# �$%�-8G#% (-*'.7.112).

322

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6090

120

150

180

210

Cou

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10 20 30 40 50 60

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

Ferrum surfaceQuartz, synMagnetiteMaghemite, synAlbite, syn

�*'.7.112. �*<-�45�B-�//� &�!#-�%�'5%�B� '��7 G#�#+%74� 5� G# !-#/7, ! �'%�!%�:, 5#/%�-4-�'%�: "�'5* G#�#+%74�, B#/�5*5 !37!�#%. �� =�%%3/ ��� �$%�-8G#%3 '�#=8EF*# <�+3: 4!�-D – 67, ��,$*5 – 20, /8'4�!*5 – 9, B#/�5*5 – 4 (-*'.7.113).

030

6090

120

150

180

210

Cou

nts

10 20 30 40 50 60

2Theta (Coupled TwoTheta/Theta) WL=1,54060

Ferrum redQuartz, synHematite, synAlbite, synMuscovite-2M2

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J = - D(dc/dx). (8.11)

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345

8.1.8. ���%�� � �$%�� &���������

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Fs = �sP, (8.12)

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� = ��1, (8.14)

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1860 (. ��+-�$�5�%� &#-!�# -#G8F## &-*'&�'�$�#%*# =�7 -#+4* 4*-&*"� ! !*=# 58B� %�57%85�: &-�!���4*. 1861 (. �G#:/' ��4'!#�� &��8"*� &#-!3# D!#5%3# <�5�B-�<**. 1861 (. ��'5-�#% &#-!3: "#-!7"%3: &-#'' =�7 <�-/�!�%*7 4*-&*"�, '4�%'5-8*-�!�%%3: ��-��/ ��*4#:'�%�/. 1863 (. ��"��� /�M*%%�B� &-�*+!�='5!� 4*-&*"� ' *'&��,+�!�%*#/ "#-!7"%�B� &-#''�. 1869 (. 54-35*# &#-*�=*"#'4�B� +�4�%� * '*'5#/�5*+�D*7 �*/*"#'4*� C�#/#%5�! ! &#-*�=*"#'48E '*'5#/8 %� �'%�!# *� �5%�'*5#�,%�: �5�/%�: /�''3 �.�.�#=#�##!3/. 1873 (. 55� ��4 &�'5-�*� ! ��%** &#-!8E &-*B�=%8E =�7 C4'&�8�5�D** 58%%#�,%8E &#",. 1876 (. �*4���8' 55� *+�$-#� B�+�!3: =!*B�5#�,. 1877 (. ��/�' S=*'�% '�+=�� &#-!3: <�%�B-�<. 1883 (. �/#-*4�%'4*: *+�$-#5�5#�, ��-�,' �-*55' '�+=�� &#-!8E '��%#"%8E $�5�-#E %� '#�#%�!3� &��'5*%��. 1877 (. 55� ��4 *+�$-#� 58%%#�,%8E '8M*�48 ! !*=# "'8M*�,%�: &#"* ! <�-/# 4�%���". 1880 (. ��"�5� '#-*:%�# &-�*+!�='5!� �#B4�!#'%�B� ("&�-*'5�B�") 4*-&*"� &85#/ =�$�!4* ! '3-,# 8B�7 *�* =-#!#'%3� �&*��4. 1885 (. ��-� �#%D '�+=�� &#-!3: $#%+*%�!3: �!5�/�$*�,. 1891 (. ����=�: 8"#%3: S=!�-= �"#'�% ! &�&354# !�''�+=�5, �<-*4�%'4*# ��/�+3 *+�$-#� 4�-$*= 4-#/%*7 – &#-!3: *'48''5!#%%3: /�5#-*�� ' 5!#-=�'5,E, =�'5�5�"%�: =�7 -#+4* '5#4��. 1892 (. ��/#%F*4 ����% �-�%D ��7:%# *+ S''#%� &��8"*� &�5#%5 %� �-/*-�!�%%�# /�%��*5%�# &�4-35*# *+ &8'5�5#��B� 4*-&*"�. 1895 (. ��-� �#��#- *+�$-#� '�=�"%8E !�B�%#548 =�7 58%%#�,%3� &#"#: 1896 (. 54-35*# &-*-�=%�: -�=*��45*!%�'5* 8-�%� �-�%D8+'4*/ <*+*4�/ �.�. �#44#-#�#/. 1998 (. 54-35*# C�#/#%5�! -�=*: * &���%*: <*+*4�/ �.�4��=�!'4�-�E-*. 1902 (. BE'5 #-%#:�, -�+-�$�5�� &-�D#'' &��8"#%*7 *'48''5!#%%3� -8$*%�!. 1908 (. �!#:D�-'4*: *%G#%#- �-�=#%$#-B#- *+�$-#� D#���<�%. 1912 (. 5#D * '3% �-#BB* %�"��* M*-�4*# *''�#=�!�%*7 '5-8458-3 4-*'5����! * '!�:'5! -#%5B#%�!'4�B� *+�8"#%*7, '5�! �'%�!�&���G%*4�/* -#%5B#%�'5-8458-%�B� �%��*+�. 1916 (. ���,'4*: �*/*4 �% ���-��,'4*: -�+-�$�5�� /#5�= &��8"#%*7 /�%�4-*'5����! /#5����!. 1923(. ��:/8' ���*%B &-*'58&*� 4 !3-�$�54# �*/*"#'4*� &-*%D*&�!, �&-#=#�7EF*� <�-/*-�!�%*# 4-*'5���*"#'4*� '5-8458-. 1924 (. �+�$-#5#%*# '5#4�� &*-#4' ' �"#%, %*+4*/ 4�C<<*D*#%5�/ 5#-/*"#'4�B� -�'M*-#%*7. 1926 (. �+�$-#5#%*# «'�5�!�B�» 4*-&*"�. 1932 (. �+�$-#5#%3 4�5�=%3# �8"#!3# 5-8$4*.

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1937 (. �/#-*4�%'4*: <*+*4 �#'5#- ��-�'�% *+�$-#� '8��: &-�D#'' &#"�5*, *+!#'5%3: 4�4 4'#-�4�&*-�!�%*#. 1938 (. 54-35*# -�'F#&�#%*7 7=-� 8-�%� %#/#D4*/ �*/*4�/ .��%�/. 1939 (. �#�%*"#'4�# &-�*+!�='5!� �*/*"#'4*� !���4�% – %#:��%� * &#-��%�. 1942 (. �8'4 &#-!�B� �5�/%�B� -#�45�-� S.�#-/*. 1943 (. �#/#D4*: �*/*4 55� ��:#- &��8"*� &��*8-#5�%3. 1945 (. �/#-*4�%'4*: *+�$-#5�5#�, �#-'* �&#%'#- '�+=�� &#-!8E /*4-�!��%�!8E &#",. 1947 (. ��-=*%, �-#55#% * ��4�* '�+=��* &#-!3: 5-�%+*'5�-. 1947 (. �#-!�# &-�/3M�#%%�# *'&��,+�!�%*# &,#+�C�#45-*"#'4�: 4#-�/*4* (5*5�%�5� $�-*7) ! <�%�B-�<*"#'4*� *B��4��. 1949 (. ��!#-M#%'5!�!�%*# 5#�%���B** «'�5�!�B�» 4*-&*"� 1954 (. �+�$-#5#%*# /�+#-� (8'*�#%*# /*4-�!��%�!�B� *+�8"#%*7 &-* !3%8G=#%%�/ *+�8"#%**). 1959 (. �-�5,7 �*�4*%B5�% &�5#%58E5 <���5-&-�D#'' &-�*+!�='5!� '5#4��. 1960 (. �!#='4*/ *%G#%#-�/ �#-%��<�/ -�+-�$�5�% /#5�= &-�*+!�='5!� �#B4�B� 4*-&*"� 5*&� «&�-�5�%». 1965 (. «�E&�%» '�+=�� &#-!8E &8�#%#&-�$*!�#/8E 54�%, (4#!��-). 1970 (. �/#-*4�%'4*: *%G#%#- ���% �8B�-5 '�+=�� &#-!3: B*$4*: 4�/&,E5#-%3: =*'4. 1971 (. ��+-�$�5�% &#-!3: /*4-�&-�D#''�- %� �=%�/ "*&#. 1972 (. «��5�-���» -�+-�$�5��� &#-!3: &#-#%�'%�: '�5�!3: 5#�#<�%. 1975 (. �+�$-#5#%*# ��+#-%�B� &-*%5#-�. 1976 (. IBM -�+-�$�5��� D!#5%�: &-*%5#-. 1677 (. Q#B#-, ��4-�*�-/*= * �*-�4�!� '�+=��* &-�!�=7F*# �-B�%*"#'4*# &��*/#-3. 1980 (. «�*�*&'» %�"*%�#5 &-�*+!�='5!� &-�*B-3!�5#�#: %� 4�/&�45-=*'4��. 1981 (. �+�$-#5#%*# '4�%*-8EF#B� 58%%#�,%�B� /*4-�'4�&� 1984 (. �. �#�5/�% �$%�-8G*� '8F#'5!�!�%*# ! &-*-�=# '��G%3� �$N#45�!, &��8"*!M*� %�+!�%*# 4!�+*4-*'5����!. 1987 (. �#-%�-D * �E��#- &��8"*�* &#-!3# !3'�4�5#/&#-�58-%3# '!#-�&-�!�=%*4*. 1989 (. NEC !3&8'4�#5 &#-!3: %�85$84. 1991 (. �=G*/� �54-3� %�%�5-8$4*. 1993 (. �-�*+!�='5!� %�!�B� &�4��#%*7 «'�5�!�B�» 4*-&*"� ' "-#+!3"�:%� 5�%4*/* '5#%4�/* (%�-8G%3# – 3//, !%85-#%%*# – 1,6 //) ' &8'5�5%�'5,E �4��� 70%. 1999 (. ��"��� &-�*+!�='5!� 4*-&*"� ' �'�$� %*+4*/ +%�"#%*#/ 4�C<<*D*#%5� 5#&��&-�!�=%�'5* (| = 0,115//·�). 2001 (. �#-!�7 */&��%5�D*7 *'48''5!#%%�B� '#-=D�. 2002 (. NASA '�+=��� '�/�# �#B4�# !#F#'5!� – �C-�B#�,. 2004 (. �"#%3# 4�%5-��*-8E5 &��*/�-<*+/, !3-�F*!�7 +�-�=3M* 4-*'5����! ! %�%�&�-��. 2005 (. ���8"#%� &-7G� *+ %�%�5-8$�4. 2006 (. ��"��� 5#�%���B** &��'4*� C4-�%�! %� �'%�!# %�%�5-8$�4.

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26. �8'5�<*% �.�., �M/�-*% �.�. ��*%4#-%�7 4#-�/*4� %� �'%�!# 4-#/%#+#/*'5�B� '3-,7 * 5#�%�B#%%3� �5��=�!. «�5-�*5#�,%3# /�5#-*��3». 2006B. H1, '5-. 32-33.

27 .��-�+�!� �.. ��*%4#-%�7 4#-�/*4� %� �'%�!# �#B4�&��!4*� &��*/*%#-��,%3� B�*% / �..��-�+�!�, �.�.�#-/74�!, �..��-%*��!, �. .�3B*%�, .�.�-#!D#! .�. // ��5#-*��3 XV �4�=#/*"#'4*� "5#%*: ����� «��'5*G#%*7 * &-�$�#/3 /�5#-*���!#=#%*7 * /�=#-%*+�D** '5-�*5#�,%�: *%=8'5-**», ��+�%,. 2010. 28.S.�. ��#%4�, .�. ��-#&�%�!�, �.�. �-*%<#�,=. �+/�G%�'5* <�'�=%�B� B�*%4#-%�B� 4*-&*"� /�-4* «���» ! +�/#F#%** */&�-5�. // �5-�*5#�,%3# /�5#-*��3. 2016. H4. �. 60 – 63.

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29.��'�#%%*4�!� �.�., �*F �.. �#-�/*"#'4*# &*B/#%53. ��� «�5-�:/�5#-*��3». 2009. 223 '.

30. 8$#�*% �.�., �D#%4� �.�., ����!�%�!� �.�. �#�-#5*"#'4*# �'%�!3 $#�#+%3 * �4-�M*!�%*7 4#-�/*4* * &�-5��%=D#/#%5�. �.: ��� «�5-�:/�5#-*��3». 2014. – 152 '.

31.Llop J, Stoyanova Lubenova T, Barrachina E, Notari M.D., Nebot I, Carda J.B. The Ceramic Industry in Spain: Chellenges and Opportunities in Times of Crisis // Ceramic forum international. 2014. H 6. P 43 – 47.

32. ��5�7- .�., ��&8%�!� �.�. '�$#%%�'5* <*+*4�-�*/*"#'4*� &-#�$-�+�!�%*: &-* �$G*B# �&�4�!*=%�B� '3-,7 // �5-�*5#�,%3# /�5#-*��3. 2016. H 5. � 40 - 42.

33.�5*-�#% �. �'48''5!� *'��/� / �.�5*-�#%; �#- ' <-�%D. �#5#'�!�: �.. – �.: «�+=�5#�,'5!� �'5-#�,», 2003. – 319 '.*�.

34.*�,"#4 �. �-�'�5� <*+*4*: ��'5*B�7 8'5-�:'5!� &-*-�=3 / �-C%4 *�,"#4; �#- ' �%B�. – �.: ��,&*%� %�%-<*4M%, 2016. – 604 '.

35.�+#-'4*: .�. ���*"#'5!#%%�7 �D#%4� D!#5� 4#-�/*"#'4*� �*D#!3� *+=#�*:. //�������"&� '�������&. 2015. H 8. �. 76 - 80.

36. �#/#%�! �.�. '�'5�7%** �5#"#'5!#%%�B� -3%4� 4#-�/*"#'4*� '5#%�!3� /�5#-*���!. // �������"&� '�������&. 2016. H8. �. 9 - 14.

37.��5�7- .�., �#-#�*%� _.., ��5�7- �.. '�$#%%�'5* '!�:'5!, &-*/#%#%*# * 5-#$�!�%*7 4 4�*%4#-%�/8 4*-&*"8 // �5-�*5#�,%3# /�5#-*��3. 2015. H 4. � 72 - 74.

38.�#-%3M�! �.�. ��4##! �.�. ��+-8M#%*# 4�%B��/#-�5%3� '5-�*5#�,%3� /�5#-*���!: 4�%D#&D**, /#��%*+/3, &-*%D*&3 * +�4�%�/#-%�'5* 8&-�!�#%*7 // �������"&� '�������&. 2007. H9. �. 63 – 65.

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