Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species

695

CARLOS A. INA; CIO AND J. C. DIANESE

Departamento de Fitopatologia Universidade de BrasıUlia, 70910-900 BrasıUlia, DF, Brasil

The following foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species are described and illustrated : Anhelia tabebuiae sp. nov. and Dictyonella tabebuiae

sp. nov. (ascomycetes), Fumagospora tabebuiae sp. nov., Polychaeton tabebuiae sp. nov. and Septoria tabebuiae-impetiginosae sp. nov.

(coelomycetes), Cercospora tabebuiae-impetiginosae sp. nov. and Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-roseo-albae sp. nov. (hyphomycetes). Uncinula

peruviana was found and described on T. impetiginosa as a first record for Distrito Federal, Brazil.

Tabebuia Go! mes (Bignoniaceae) accommodates mostly trees

known in Brazil as ‘ ipe# s ’ which were previously treated as

species of Tecoma Juss. Tabebuia species are exploited from

native forests and also used as urban ornamentals throughout

Brazil and in the warmer regions of Latin America. Lorenzi

(1992) and Carvalho (1994) listed 15 Tabebuia species with

their common names from Brazil. In Brası! lia, Distrito Federal,

the following species are grown on street, parks, and in

private gardens : Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nich., T. impeti-

ginosa (Mart.) Standl., T. heptaphylla (Vell.) Tol., T. rosea DC,

and Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandl. In the cerrado of DF and

Central Brazil the main native species are T. caraiba (Mart.)

Bur., and T. ochracea (Cham.) Standl.

Parasitic and superficial fungi occurring on leaves of

Tabebuia in Brazil have been reported by Vie! gas (1944, 1961),

Chupp (1953), Batista & Peres (1962), Batista & Bezerra

(1964), Dennis (1970), Ferreira & Alfenas (1980), Muchovej &

Ferreira (1981), Ferreira & Muchovej (1987), Schimitt & Veiga

(1987), Rezende & Ferreira (1988), Ferreira (1989), Gianasi &

Castro (1993), Dianese & Dianese (1994), Dianese, Medeiros

& Santos (1997), Dianese, Tessmann & Furlanetto (1994) and

Silva & Minter (1995).

This article reports on the occurrence of new fungi

assocociated with lesions on leaves of Tabebuia species in

gardens and parks of Brası! lia and also in parts of the native

cerrado vegetation still present in the area.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Leaves of cultivated and native species of Tabebuia in the

cerrado were collected in urban areas of Brası! lia or from

natural reserves. Each sample was prepared, numbered,

registered, and deposited in the Mycological Reference

Collection of the Herbarium of the University of Brası! lia(Herbarium UB mycological collection).

Slides containing squash preparations of fungal fruiting

bodies or sections made by freezing microtome were used for

the morphological studies and microphotography. In most

cases the samples were stained with lacto-glycerol-cotton blue

or glycerol-KOH-phloxine B and the slides sealed with nail

polish.

Pieces of leaves with one or more lesions showing

representative samples of fruiting bodies were used for SEM

after being fixed in sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7±4, 0±1 ,

containing glutaraldehyde 2%, for at least 24 h. The samples

were dehydrated in an aqueous series with increasing acetone

concentrations from 15, 30, 50, 75 to 100% of acetone, for

15 min in each concentration. Leaf pieces were then dried at

the critical point before being covered by a thin layer of gold

in a sputter coater for 2 min. Finally, the samples were

observed in a scanning electron microscope (Jeol, model JSM

840-A E).

DESCRIPTIONS AND DISCUSSION

The new species of fungi studied are described and illustrated

below. Further notes on Uncinula peruviana Syd. are also

reported.

Anhelia tabebuiae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov. (Figs 1–6)

Laesiones 3–40 mm diam., primo rubello-brunneae ad brunneae vel

cinerero-brunneae cum brunneis marginibus tandem pallido-brunneae

ubi mortuae, coalescentes, amphigenae, irregulares, plerumque ad

marginem locatae vel inter nervos secundarios locatae. Ascomata

26–78¬51–158 µm, eustromatica, pulvinata, multilocularia, loculis

uniseriatis. Loculi 13–25¬13–18 µm, monoascales, parietibus ex

textura angulari, cum cellulis 3–8 µm diam. compositis. Hypostromata

plana, epidermalia, immersa. Asci 9–25¬8–19 µm, bitunicati, persis-

tentes, 4–8 sporis, obovoides vel subsphaerici, sessiles, vel curto-

pedicellati. Ascosporae 7–16¬4–7 µm, hyalinae, muriformes, 1–4

septatae transversim, 1–2 septatae in longitudinem, plerumque

phragmosporae, ad septa mediana constrictae.

Mycol. Res. 102 (6) : 695–708 (1998) Printed in the United Kingdom

Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species

Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species 696

Figs 1–6. Anhelia tabebuiae. Fig. 1. Leaf spots along the midrib and secondary veins on Tabebuia caraiba containing ascomata (bar,

10 mm). Fig. 2. Stromatic ascomata, SEM (bar, 10 µm). Fig. 3. Section of an erumpent ascoma in host leaf (bar, 50 µm). Fig. 4. Detail

of an ascoma showing texture of the stroma containing monoascal locules (bar, 5 µm). Figs 5, 6. Asci and ascospores (bar, 10 µm).

C. A. Ina! cio and J. C. Dianese 697

Table 1. Characteristics of other Anhelia species compared with A. tabebuiae

Host

Ascoma

(µm)

Asci

(µm)

Ascospores

(µm)

Hypostroma

(µm)

A. calami" Calamus, Araceae 100–150¬250–350 26–32¬17–19 10–12¬4–5 75–110

A. escharoides" Geissanthus, Myrsinaceae 400–1000 35–55¬30–42 16–28¬8–12 55–110

A. lantanae" Lantana, Verbenaceae 24–30¬19–23 12–15¬5–6 150–185

A. niger",$ Eupatorium, Compositae 250–400 11–16¬5–6

A. purpurascens" Machaerium, Leguminosae 180¬200–300 24–30¬20–26 13–17¬7–8 85–145

A. tetracerae" Tetracera alnifolia, Dilleniaceae 150¬500 30–38¬20–30 20–24¬4–9

A tristis",# Vaccinium teysmannianum, Ericaceae 270–360¬600–1500 35–48¬25–32 19–25¬7–10 170–240

A. tabebuiae Tabebuia caraiba, Bignoniaceae 26–78¬51–178 9–25¬8–19 7–16¬4–7 Flat

" Arx (1963) ; # Boedijn (1961) ; $ Vie! gas (1945a).

In foliis vivis Tabebuiae caraibae, in urbana Brasilia, DF, Ponte do

Bragueto, Eixo Rodovia! rio Norte, Plano Piloto ; 12 Sep. 95 ; leg.

C. A. Ina! cio no. 199 ; UB col. micol. 6443, holotypus.

Lesions 3–40 mm diam., reddish-brown to brown, or greyish-

brownwith brown borders, coalescent, amphigenous, irregular,

mostly located at leaf margins or between the secondary ribs

(Fig. 1). In a later phase it becomes pale brown and necrotic.

Ascomata 26–78¬51–158 µm, eustromatic, pulvinate, multi-

locular, forming one layer of locules. Locules monoascal,

13–25¬13–18 µm, wall with textura angularis of 3–8 µm

diam. cells (Figs 2–4). Hypostromata flat, epidermal, immersed

(Figs 3, 4). Asci 9–25¬8–19 µm, bitunicate, persistent, 4–8

spored, obovoidal to subsphaerical, sessile or short pedicellate

(Figs 4–6). Ascospores 7–16¬4–7 µm, hyaline, muriform, 1–4

transverse septa, 1–2 longitudinal septa, mostly phragmo-

sporic, constricted at median septum (Figs 4, 6).

Anhelia tabebuiae was compared with the known species of

the genus including the Brazilian species A. niger (Vie! gas) Arx,

found on Eupatorium sp. (Arx, 1963), which showed larger

ascomata than the new species, with asci and interascal

material shown as gelatinous matrix (Vie! gas, 1945a).

Arx (1963) also redescribed A. purpurascens (Rehm) Arx on

Mimosa flagellaris Benth. and on M. vellosiana Mart., and A.

lantanae (P. Henn.) Arx on Lantana sp. with conspicuous

hypostromata (150–185 µm diam.).

Anhelia tristis Racib., A. escharoides (Syd.) Arx, and A.

tetracerae (Hansf.) Arx, all with obviously larger dimensions

than A. tabebuiae, were found on Vaccinium teysmannianum

Miq., Geissanthus sp., and on Tetracera alnifolia Wiild. (Boedijn,

1961 ; Arx, 1963). Anhelia calami (Rac.) Arx is clearly different

from the new species and it was reported on Calamus sp. (Arx,

1963). The comparisons, which are summarized in Table 1,

lead to the conclusion that A. tabebuiae is a new species and

a first record of Anhelia on Tabebuia species.

Cercospora tabebuiae-impetiginosae Ina! cio & Dianese,sp. nov. (Figs 7–13)

Laesiones 3–30 µm, amphigenae, cinereo-brunneae vel pallido-cinereae

cum marginibus purpurascentibus, coalescentes ubi mortuae. Stromata

24–107 µm diam., subepidermalia, erumpentia, ex textura angulari

cum cellulis 3–9 µm diam. composita. Conidiophora 24–58¬2–4 µm,

brunnea, caespitosa, amphigena, plerumque hypophylla, 1–8 septata,

geniculata, sympodialia, recta vel leviter incurvata, raro ramosa,

aliquando proliferationibus percurrentibus. Cellulae conidiogenae poly-

blasticae, sympodiales, integratae, terminales, cicatricibus conidiorum

inconspicuis sed per microscopium electronicum manifestis. Conidia

25–135¬2–4 µm, 1–10 septata, cylindrica ad acidularia, basibus

truncatis.

In foliis vivis Tabebuiae impetiginosae, Brası! lia, DF, University of

Brası! lia Campus, north of Faculty of Education, 17 July 94, leg. C. A.

Ina! cio no. 181, UB col. micol. 6283, holotypus.

Lesions 3–30 mm diam., amphigenous, greyish-brown to light

grey with purple borders, coalescent, necrotic (Fig. 7). Stromata

24–107 µm diam., subepidermal, erumpent, textura angularis of

polygonal cells, 3–9 µm diam. (Fig. 10). Conidiophores 24–58¬2–4 µm, brown, caespitose, amphigenous, mostly hypophyl-

lous (Figs 8–12), 1–8 septate, geniculate, sympodial, sometimes

percurrently proliferating, straight or slightly curved, rarely

branched, with inconspicuous scars, which are clearly seen in

SEM (Figs 8–12). Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, sympodial,

integrated, terminal, with inconspicuous scars which also are

clearly seen in SEM (Figs 9, 11, 12). Conidia 25–135¬2–4 µm,

1–10 septate, cylindrical to acicular, base truncate (Fig. 13).

Other specimens examined : On living leaves of Tabebuia impetiginosa

(Bignoniaceae) : University of Brası! lia Campus, Brası! lia, DF, north of

Faculty of Education, 4 May 94 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 95, UB col.

micol. 6085 ; north of Faculty of Education, 29 May 94; leg. C. A.

Ina! cio, no. 147 ; UB col. micol. 6156 ; East of ICC in front of

University Restaurant, 4 May 94 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 173 ; UB col.

micol. 6249 ; near Central Library, 17 July 94 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no.

179 ; UB col. micol. 6280.

In Table 2 the Cercospora species found on Tabebuia are

compared with C. tabebuiae-impetiginosae. Cercospora tecomae

Chupp & Vie! gas has shorter, 25–50 (–100)¬3–5 µm, up to 7-

septate, conidia ; smaller stromata (20–25 µm) ; and larger

conidiophores (60–100¬4–6 µm) (Vie! gas, 1945 c ; Chupp,

1953) than those of C. tabebuiae-impetiginosae. The only other

species on Tabebuia which shows some similarity with the

new species is C. jahnii Syd. but this differs in size of conidia,

conidiophores and stromata. From Table 2, it is clear that C.

tabebuiae-impetiginosae is different from all species so far

described on bignoniaceous hosts.

Dictyonella tabebuiae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov.(Figs 14–19)

Coloniae 4–15 mm diam., brunneae, circulares aut irregulares,

hypophyllae, plerumque singulares, raro gregariae, effusae, paginae

abaxiales foliolorum locatae. Mycelium superficiale, pallido-brunneum

vel brunneum, laxas infra-ascomatales pulvinas formantes ; hyphae

2–6 µm diam., pallido-brunneae, laeves, ramosae, hyphopodia nulla,

cum constrictionibus exiguiis ad parietes transversales. Ascomata


Figs 7–13. Cercospora tabebuiae-impetiginosae. Fig. 7. Leaf spots on Tabebuia impetiginosa (bar, 50 mm). Figs 8, 10–12. Caespitose

conidiophores, sympodially proliferated and sometimes branched (bars, 10 µm). Fig. 9. Conidiophores with conidial scar and percurrent

proliferation (arrows), SEM (bar, 1 µm). Fig. 13. Conidia (bar, 10 µm).


Table 2. Main characteristics of Cercospora species on Bignoniaceae compared with those of C. tabeuiae-impetiginosae

Host

Lesion

(mm)

Stromatal diam.

(µm)

Conidiophores

(µm)

Conidia

(µm)

C. adenocalymae A. S. Mull. &

Chupp"

Adenocalyma

bullatum

0±5–3 40–60 20–65¬4±5–5±5 35–150¬3–4±5, subhyaline to pale

olivaceous brown

C. arrabidaceae Chupp & Vie! gas" Arrabidaea

platyphylla

0±5–6 Absent or small 10–175¬4–6 35–150¬3±5–5, pale brown to

medium olivaceous

C. bignoniaecola Speg." Bignonia sp. — Small 20–80 (80–160)¬4–7 25–70¬4–7, pale brown to

olivaceous

C. catalpae G. Winter" Catalpa

bignonioides

1–4 0–50 10–125¬3–5±5 40–120¬2±5–4±5, hyaline

C. catalparum Chupp" Catalpa

longissima

Rare 15–70¬4–7±5 35–125¬3–5±6, pale brown,

olivaceous, brown

C. cybistacis Henn." Cybistax

antisyphilitica

3–7 25–75 10–35¬2±5–4 20–70¬2±5–4, pale brown to

olivaceous-brown

C. dolichandrones Chupp" Dolichandrone

platycalyx

3–10 Small 10–30¬2–3±5 40–100¬1±5–3, subhyaline, pale

brown to yellowish-olivaceous

C. duplicata Ellis & Everh." Campsis

radicans

3–10 20–40 8–25¬2±5–4 20–100¬2–4±5, pale brown to

olivaceous-brown

C. hansfordi Chupp" Dolichandrone

platycalyx

0±5–2 Absent or very

reduced

60–300¬5–6±5 30–80¬4–5±5, subhyaline, pale

brown to olivaceous

C. jahnii Syd.",# Tabebuia spp. 3–20 Up to 50 10–40¬3–5 20–110¬3–5, pale brown to

olivaceous

C. sordida Sacc." Tecoma radicans — Absent 20–120¬3–5 20–200¬3–5, pale brown, medium to

dark olivaceous

C. stenolobiiola (Speg.) Chupp",# T. stans 2–10 Absent 50–250¬3–4 40–70¬3–6, hyaline

C. tecomae Chupp & Vie! gas" Tabebuia sp. — Reduced}not see 20–80¬4–5±5 25–50 (80)¬3–5, hyaline

C. tecomae Chupp & Vie! gas$ Tecoma sp. 1 or more 20–25 60–100¬4–6 35–100¬3–4, hyaline

C. tabebuiae-impetiginosae Tabebuia

impetiginosa

3–30 24–107¬31±5–80 24–58¬2–4 25–135¬2–4, hyaline to pale brown

" Chupp (1953) ; # Dennis (1970) ; $ Vie! gas (1945 c).

53–97 µm longa¬111–216 µm diam., supra mycelium superficiale

formata, brunnea, parietibus cum texturis angularibus formatis ;

cellulis 3–8 µm diam., isodiametris. Asci 47–95¬32–53 µm, bituni-

cati, clavati aut lato-clavati, persistentes, 4–8 sporis ; pseudo-

paraphyses adsunt. Pseudoparaphyses hyalinae, septatae. Ascosporae

26–39¬11–17 µm, brunneae, muriformes, constrictionibus septorum

medianorum manifestae, vaginis mucosis textae, paginis undulatae.

In foliis vivis Tabebuiae ochraceae ; Fazenda A; gua Limpa, University

of Brası! lia, Brası! lia, DF ; 1 May 95; leg. D. V. Rezende Santiago no.

2, UB col. micol. 8338, holotypus.

Colonies 4–15 mm diam., brown, circular or irregular, hypo-

phyllous, mostly single, seldom gregarious, spread throughout

the abaxial face of the leaflets (Fig. 14). Mycelium superficial,

forming a loose cushion under the ascomata, light brown to

brown; hyphae 2–6 µm diam, light brown, septate, smooth,

branched, non-hyphopodiate, with slight constriction at the

septa (Figs 15–17). Ascomata 53–97 µm long¬111–216 µm

diam., on top of the superficial mycelium, brown; wall with

textura angularis (pseudoparenchymatous) of isodiametric cells,

3–8 µm diam. (Figs 15, 16). Asci 47–95¬32–53 µm, bitunicate,

clavate to broad clavate, persistent, 4–8-spored, pseudo-

paraphysate (Figs 16, 18). Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, septate.

Ascospores 26–39¬11–17 µm, brown, muriform, clearly con-

stricted at median septa, covered by a mucilagenous sheath,

with undulate surface (Figs 18, 19).

Dictyonella tabebuiae is the second species of the genus on

Bignoniaceae and can be easily separated from D. dictyosporus

(Petr. & Cif.) Arx on Crescentia cujete L. (Arx, 1963) which has

much smaller ascospores and ascomata than D. tabebuiae

(Table 3).

Among other Dictyonella species only D. scabra (Syd.) Arx,

described on plants belonging to the Moraceae, shares some

characteristics with D. tabebuiae. It is, however, easily

distinguished by its smaller asci (55–80¬35–45 µm) and

larger ascomata (100–240 µm diam.). Furthermore, D. scabra

has ascospores with only two longitudinal septa while D.

tabebuiae has three or more. Finally, Batista & Nascimento

(1958) identified D. erysiphoides (Rehm) Ho$ hn. on Coccoloba

uvifera (L.) Jacq. This fungus was, however, clearly parasitic

with innate infective mycelium and immersed hypostroma

which probably belongs in the Myriangiaceae and is distinct

from Dictyonella species which are superficial and non-

parasitic.

Fumagospora tabebuiae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov.(Figs 20–26)

Coloniae atro-brunneae aut nigrae, effusae, epiphyllae, velutinae,

irregulares, coalescentes, cum punctuationibus prominentibus. Myce-

lium atro-brunneum aut nigrum, superficiale, ramosum, hyphopodia

nulla. Hyphae 7–21¬4–11 µm, pallido-brunneae aut brunneae,

septatae, ramosae, constrictionibus septorum manifestae, cellulis

doliiformibus. Coniodiomata 86–219 alta¬44–122 µm diam., brun-

nea, conoidea, ostiolata, rostris truncatis ; parietibus texturis angulari-

bus ; cellulis 8–13¬4–10 µm. Rostrum fimbriatum, 14–44 µm diam.,

fimbriae 20–40¬2±5–4 µm. Cellulae conidiogenae ampulliformes,

hyalinae, parvae, phialidicae. Conidia 9–21¬4–10 µm, 1–4 septata,

muriformia, oblonga aut elliptica, leviter constricta ad septum

medianum.

In foliis vivis Tabebuiae impetiginosae ; Theatrum arenae, University

of Brası! lia, Campus Universita! rio, Brası! lia, DF, Brazil ; 21 July 95 ; leg.

C. A. Ina! cio no. 419 ; UB col. micol. 9252, holotypus.


Figs 14–19. Dictyonella tabebuiae. Fig. 14. Hypophyllous colonies shown as patches formed by groups of small brown dots on leaves

of T. ochracea (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 15. Ascomata and ascospores, SEM (bar, 1 µm). Fig. 16. Section of an ascoma containing immature

asci (bar, 10 µm). Fig. 17. Exhyphopodiate septate hyphae (bar, 10 µm). Figs 18, 19. Asci and muriform ascospores (bars, 10 µm).

Table 3. Comparison of the other Dictyonella species with D. tabebuiae

Host

Ascomata diam.

(µm)

Asci

(µm)

Ascospores

(µm)

D. alangii Hansf. & Thirum" Alangium (¯Marlea) begoniifolium, Alangiaceae 100¬400 30–40¬25–30 19–24¬9–11

D. dictyosporus" Crescentia cujete, Bignoniaceae 50–150 — 18–26¬8–12

D. erysiphoides",# Coccoloba uvifera, Coccoloba sp., Polygonaceae 60–80¬160–250 34–55¬24–32 25–28¬9–12

D. mirabilis (Syd.) Arx" Premma odorata, Verbenaceae 90–115¬400–1100 34–44¬22–30 23–28¬10–13

D. scabra" Antiaris africana, Chlorophora excelsa, Moraceae 100–240 55–80¬35–45 30–38¬3–16

D. tabebuiae Tabebuia ochracea, Bignoniaceae 53–97¬111–216 47–95¬32–53 26–39¬11–17

" Arx (1963) ; # Batista & Nascimento (1958).


Figs 20–26. Fumagospora tabebuiae. Fig. 20. Epiphyllous colonies spreading on leaf blade of Tabebuia impetiginosa (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 21.

Fimbriate conidioma extruding conidia. Fig. 22. Texture of conidiomatal wall. Fig. 23. Monilioid superficial mycelium. Fig. 24. Detail

of fimbriate conidiomatal tip and multiseptate conidia. Fig. 25. Phialidic conidiogenous cell indicated by an arrow. Fig. 26. Hyaline, 2–3

septate conidia. All bars, 10 µm, except Fig. 20.


Figs 27–32. Polychaeton tabebuiae. Fig. 27. Colonies on Tabebuia ipe (Bar, 50 mm). Fig. 28. Conidioma, SEM. Figs 29, 30. Monilioid

hyphae at the base of a non-fimbriate conidioma showing wall with textura varying from angularis to prismatica. Fig. 31. Phialidic

conidiogenous cell (arrow). Fig. 32. Conidia. All bars, 10 µm, except Fig. 27.

Colonies dark brown to black, spread throughout the leaf

blade, epiphyllous, velvety with raised dots, irregular,

coalescent (Fig. 20). Mycelium dark brown to black, superficial,

exhyphopodiate, branched. Hyphae 7–21¬4–11 µm, light

brown to brown, septate, branched, constricted at the septa

(monilioid), with doliiform cells (Fig. 23). Conidiomata

86–219 µm high¬44–122 µm diam., conical with a truncate

rostrum, ostiolate, brown; wall with textura angularis ; cells

8–13¬4–10 µm. Rostrum fimbriate, 14–44 µm diam. ; fimbriae

20–40¬2±5–4 µm (Figs 21, 22, 24). Conidiogenous cells

ampulliform, small, hyaline, phialidic (Fig. 25). Conidia

9–21¬4–10 µm, 1–4 septate, muriform, oblong-elliptical,

slightly constricted at the middlemost septum (Figs 24, 26).

Batista & Ciferri (1963) included in their monograph three

species of Fumagospora G. Arnaud, the type species, F.

capnodioides G. Arnaud (teleomorph : Capnodium salicinum

Mont., sensu Hughes, 1976) on Citrus, Olea, and Nerium in

France, F. gaultheriae Bat., A. F. Vital & Cif. on Gaultheria

procumbens L. (associated with Microxyphium [¯ Polychaeton

sensu S. Hughes] aciculiform Cif., Bat. & Nascim.), and F.

cistophila (Fr. sensu Maire) Bat. & Cif. (teleomorph : C.

cistophylum Maire) on Citrus sp. from North Africa.

Hawksworth et al. (1995) apparently recognized only F.

capnodioides. As the species descriptions given by Batista &

Ciferri (1963) were clearly presented and illustrated they were

compared with F. tabebuiae. There is only one close to the new

species. It is F. cistophila, which has different dimensions of

conidiomata (192–275¬82–110 µm) and conidia (13–17¬7–8±5 µm), thus justifying the proposal of a new species of

Fumagospora associated with T. impetiginosa.

Polychaeton tabebuiae Ina! cio & Dianese, sp. nov.(Figs 27–32)

Coloniae 1–6 mm, atro-brunneae aut nigrae, effusae, amphigenae,

circulares vel irregulares in intervenis locatae, ellipticae ubi proximae

venarum locatae. Mycelium atro-brunneum, tenue. Hyphae pallido-

brunneae, septatae, ramosae, constrictionibus septorum manifestae,

cum cellulis (6–14¬3–6 µm) doliiformibus, oblongis aut subglobosis.

Coniodiomata 105–255¬32–68 µm, pycnidialia, lageniformia, brun-

nea, rostrata, ostiolata. Parietes texturae angulares ad bases conidio-


Table 4. Main characteristics of Astragoxyphium, Leptoxyphium, and Microxyphium species sensu Batista & Ciferri (1963) [¯ Polychaeton sensu Hughes

(1976)] compared with those of Polychaeton tabebuiae

Conidiomata

(µm) Ostiole

Cells of conidiomatal

wall (µm)

Conidia

(µm)

Hyphal cells

(µm)

Astragoxyphium plumeriae 345–670¬35–55 Fimbriate 20–24±5¬4–8 4–15¬3–6 14–27¬2±5–15±5Leptoxyphium graminum 150–320¬30–60 Fimbriate 10–11±5¬3–4±5 4–5¬1±5–2 8–14¬4–5

Microxyphium aciculiforme 300–500¬40–60 Fimbriate 2±5–10¬2–6 to

10–14¬1±5–3

3–4±5¬1–1±5 8±5–15¬3±5

M. artocarpi 105–285¬19–46 Fimbriate 2±5–6±5¬3–5 (base)

2±5–6±5¬3–5 (rostrum)

3–5¬1–2 4±5–9¬4±5–6±5

M. coffeanum 200–260¬25–47 Fimbriate 3–9¬2–4 1–2 diam. 5±5–11¬3–4

M. columnatum 46–135¬24–37 Fimbriate 2±5–6±5¬2–6 2±5–4±5¬1–1±2 4±5–12±5¬3–5±5M. footii 550–2530¬73±5–93 Fimbriate 3–5¬2–2

M. jambosae 240–350¬28–45 Fimbriate 5–13¬3–5 2–5¬2–4 4–8¬2–4

M. leptospermi 150–600¬30–60 Non-fimbriate 4–10¬2 4±5–5¬1±5–2 7±5–9¬4±5–6

M. pinicola 660–4300¬78–125 Fimbriate 6±5–22±5¬2±5–5±5 3–4¬1–1 4–9¬3–5±5Polychaeton tabebuiae 105–255¬32–68 Non-fimbriate 4–10¬3–8 (base)

7–22¬3–8 (rostrum)

4–7¬1–2 6–14¬3–6

matum (cellulis 4–10¬3–8 µm) sed texturae prismaticae ad rostra

conidiomatum (cellulis 7–22¬3–8 µm). Rostra 58–146 longa¬13–

30 µm diam. Cellulae condidiogenae 2–5(–8)¬2–4(–9) µm, ampulli-

formes, hyalinae, parvae, phialidicae, aseptatae. Conidia 4–7¬1–2

µm, aseptata, muriformia, elliptica vel ovoida.

In foliis vivis Tabebiae roseo-albae, Ponte do Bragueto, Eixo

Rodovia! rio Norte, Plano Piloto, Brası! lia, DF, Brasiliae ; 12 Sep. 95 ;

leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 200, UB col. micol. 6444, holotypus.

Colonies 1–6 mm diam., dark brown to black, amphigenous,

scattered on the leaf blade, circular or irregular, elliptical when

near the ribs (Fig. 27). Mycelium dark brown, thin. Hyphae light

brown, septate, monilioid ; cells 6–14¬3–6 µm, doliiform,

oblong to subglobose (Figs 29, 30). Conidiomata 105–255¬32–68 µm, pycnidial, lageniform, rostrate, ostiolate ; wall

textura angularis (cells 4–10¬3–8 µm) at conidiomatal base

and textura prismatica at rostrum (cells 7–22¬3–8 µm) ;

rostrum 58–146 long¬13–30 µm diam. (Figs 28–30). Conidio-

genous cells 2–5(–8)¬2–4(–9) µm, minute, phialidic, ampulli-

form, aseptate (Fig. 31). Conidia 4–7¬1–2 µm, hyaline,

aseptate, elliptical or ovoid (Fig. 32).

Hughes (1976) in his classical review of the sooty moulds

included Polychaeton (Pers.) Le! v. based on a lectotype that he

designated Polychaeton quercinum (Pers.) S. Hughes (¯ Fumago

quercina Pers.). The genus accommodates coelomycetes with

rostrate pycnidia with a wider base topped by a fimbriate or

smooth rostrum, and having a Scorias Fr. teleomorph. These

coelomycetes were placed under Microxyphium Sacc. by

Batista & Ciferri (1963) but this name was not accepted by

Hughes (1976) because of the previous existence of Micro-

xyphium (Harv. ex Berk. & Desm.) Thu$ men (teleomorph :

Dennisiella Bat. & Cif.), a dematiaceous hyphomycete. Batista

& Ciferri (1963) in their monograph on the Asbolisiaceae

which included the pycnidial anamorphs of the Capnodiales

placed under Microxyphium, Astragoxyphium, and Lepto-

xyphium, as typical coelomycetes. Since these might be

considered as Polychaeton spp. sensu Hughes (1976), P. tabebuiae

was compared with other species incorrectly placed in other

genera by Batista & Ciferri (1963), e.g. Astragoxyphium

plumeriae Bat. & Matta, Leptoxyphium graminum (Pat.) Speg.,

Microxyphium aciculiforme Bat., Cif. & Nascim., M. artocarpi

Bat., Nascim. & Cif., M. coffeanum Bat. & Matta, M. columnatum

Bat., Cif. & Nascim., M. foottii Harv., M. leptospermi E. Fisch.,

M. jambosae Bat., M. pinicola Bat. & Nascim. (Table 4) which

are all Polychaeton species sensu Hughes. Reference to Table 4

will allow those characters which distinguish P. tabebuiae from

the other species to be identified.

The only Microxyphium species reported on Tabebuia was

M. columnatum, with smaller conidiomata with walls of textura

globosa to textura angularis, containing smaller subglobose cells

(2±5–6±5¬2–6 µm). Based on these comparisons it was

concluded that there are major differences between the known

Microxyphium (¯ Polychaeton sensu S. Hughes) species and P.

tabebuiae.

Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-roseo-albae Ina! cio & Dianese,sp. nov. (Figs 33–39)

Laesiones usque ad 13 mm diam., amphigenae, circulares vel

irregulares, saepe hypophyllae, pallido-brunneae vel brunneo-griseae

marginibus cerasinis, coalescentes. Stromata 23–77 µm, brunneae,

subepidermalia, erumpentia, texturis angularibus, cellulis 3–8 µm

diam. Conidiophora 18–58¬2–5 µm, brunnea, 1–5 septata, ramosa,

flexuosa, interdum proliferationibus percurrentibus, dense fasciculata

vel caespitosa. Cellulae conidiogenae holoblasticae, sympodiales,

interdum proliferationibus percurrentibus, geniculatae, integratae,

terminales vel intercalares, cicatricibus inconspicuis sed conspicuis

ubicumque per microscopium electronicum examinatae. Conidia

12–57¬2–5 µm, hyalina vel pallido-brunnea, 1–8-septata, recta aut

curva, apicibus subulatis vel obtusis, basibus latis truncatis, cicatricibus

inconspicuis.

In foliis vivis Tabebuiae roseo-albae. Ponte do Bragueto, Eixo

Rodovia! rio Norte, Planto Piloto, Brası! lia, DF, Brasiliae ; 27 Jul. 95 ;

leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 439, UB mycol. col. 9796, holotypus.

Lesions up to 13 mm diam., amphigenous, often hypophyllous,

light brown becoming brownish-grey with reddish-brown

borders, circular or irregular, coalescent (Fig. 33). Stromata

23–77¬26–65 µm diam., brown, subepidermal, erumpent,

textura angularis ; cells 3–8 µm diam. Conidiophores 18–58¬2–5 µm, brown, 1–5-septate, branched, flexuous, sometimes

proliferating percurrently, densely fasciculate to caespitose

(Figs 34–38). Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, sympodial,

sometimes proliferating percurrently, geniculate, integrated,

terminal becoming intercalary, with inconspicuous scars which


Figs 33–39. Pseudocercospora tabebuiae-roseo-albae. Fig. 33. Leaf spots on Tabebuia roseo-albae (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 34. Caespitose

conidiophores and conidia, SEM. Fig. 35. Stomatal and erumpent conidiophores, SEM. Fig. 36. Conidiophores bearing immature

conidia, SEM. Fig. 37. Conidiophores (bar, 1 µm). Fig. 38. Sympodial proliferation on a conidiophore, SEM. Fig. 39. Conidia. All bars,

10 µm, except Figs 33 and 37.

Table 5. Main characteristics of Pseudocercospora species on Bignoniaceae in comparison with those of P. tabebuiae-roseo-albae

Host

Lesion

(mm)

Stroma

(µm)

Conidiophore

(µm)

Conidia

(µm)

P. sordida" Tecoma radicans None Absent 20–120¬3–5 20–200¬3–5, pale to medium

olivaceous

P. sordida# Campsis grandiflora 1–7 Absent 20–90¬3±5–5 20–165¬3–5±5, light brown to

olivaceous

P. tecomae-heterophyllae$ Tecomaria capensis 1–4 (15) Absent 4–25¬2–8 20–70¬2–3, subhyaline

P. oroxyligina% Oroxyli indici 2–5 Absent 50–100¬4–9 24–87¬7–9, light brown olive

P. stereospermicola% Stereospermun 5 25¬50 16–60¬3–6 50–110¬2–5, pale to light olivaceous

P. tabebuiae-roseo-albae Tabebuia roseo-alba Up to 13 23–77¬20–65 18–58¬2–5 12–57¬2–5, pale brown

" Chupp (1953) ; # Guo & Hsieh (1995) ; $ Yen, Kar & Das (1982) ; % Sriskantha & Sivanesan (1980).


Figs 40–45. Septoria tabebuiae-impetiginosae. Fig. 40. Circular leaf spots on Tabebuia impetiginosa (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 41. Conidial cirrus,

SEM. Fig. 42. Section of a subepidermal to intramesophyllic conidioma. Fig. 43. Distribution of conidiogenous cell lining the inner wall

of a conidioma. Fig. 44. Percurrent proliferation (arrow) of a conidiogenous cell which is sympodially forming two conidia. Fig. 45.

Multiseptate, guttulate, cylindrical conidia. All bars, 10 µm, except Fig. 40.

can be resolved in SEM (Figs 36–38). Conidia 12–57¬2–5 µm,

hyaline to light brown, 1–8-septate, straight or curved,

apex subacute or obtuse, base broad, truncate, not cicatrized

(Fig. 39).

Other specimens examined : On living leaves of T. roseo-alba, Brası! lia,DF, Ponte do Bragueto, Eixo Rodovia! rio Norte, Plano Piloto : 11 Sep.

95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 432, UB col. micol 9931 ; 2 Oct. 95, leg.

C. A. Ina! cio no. 443, UB col. micol. 10294.

Among Pseudocercospora Speg. species reported on Bignoni-

aceae those which shared characteristics with P. tabebuiae-

roseo-albae were selected (Table 5) for comparison.

Pseudocercospora sordida (Sacc.) Deighton (Chupp, 1953 ;

Deighton, 1976 ; Guo & Hsieh, 1995) lacks stromata, forms

mostly epiphyllous colonies, has longer conidiophores (20–

120 µm) and conidia (20–200 µm) ; and P. tecomae-heterophyllae

(J. M. Yen) Y. L. Guo & X. J. Liu with only hypophyllous


Table 6. Main characteristics of Septoria species on Bignoniaceae compared to S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae

Host

Conidiomata

(µm)

Conidiogenous

cells (µm)

Conidia

(µm)

Conidial

septation Ref.

S. catalpae Catalpa syringifolia 60–70 N 10–15¬1±5 Aseptate Saccardo (1884)

S. cremasti Bignonia pulchra 120–140 7–8¬3–3±5 40–55¬1±5–2 3–5 septate Vie! gas (1945b)

S. distictidis Distictis mensoana 80–90 N 40–80¬3–3±5 Septate Vie! gas (1945b)

S. ipirangae Unknown 60–80 N 30¬1 Aseptate Vie! gas (1961) ; Trotter

(1972)

S. tecomae Tecoma radicans 65–70 N 40–50¬2–2±5 N Saccardo (1895)

S. tecomaxochiti T. radicans 50–90 N 30–44¬1–5 Not seen Tehon & Stout (1929) ;

Trotter (1972)

S. cucutana Tabebuia pentaphylla ;

T. spectabilis

90–110 N 34–40¬0±8–1 N Dennis (1970) ; Kern &

Toro (1935)

S. tabebuiae T. berterii 50–80 (–100) N 18–40¬1±7–2±5 Septate Petrak & Ciferri (1930)

S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae T. impetiginosa 38–93 3–8¬3–7 25–67¬2–4 2–6-septate

N, no data.

colonies also does not form stromata, has slightly longer

conidia (20–70 µm) on shorter conidiophores (4–25 µm) (Guo

& Hsieh, 1995). Thus, both clearly differed from P. tabebuiae-

roseo-albae.

Pseudocercospora oroxyligena J. M. Yen, A. K. Kar & B. K.

Das is non-stromatic and shows major differences in conidial

dimensions and septation in relation to P. tabebuiae-roseo-albae.

P. stereospermicola Srisk. & Sivan. differs in its smaller stromata,

larger conidia, and smaller leaf spots (Table 5). As this is a first

record of a Pseudocercospora on Tabebuia clearly different from

other species found on Bignoniaceae it is considered a new

species.

Septoria tabebuiae-impetiginosae Ina! cio&Dianese, sp. nov.(Figs 40–45)

Laesiones usque ad 4 mm diam., amphigenae, circulares vel irregulares,

coalescentes, primo rubello-purpuraceae tandem pallido-cinnereae

cum marginibus rubello-purpuracis vel simpliciter pallido-brunneae.

Mycelium immersum, pallido-brunneum. Hyphae 2–5 µm diam.,

septatae. Conidiomata 38–93 µm diam. amphigena, pycnidialia,

globosa, ostiolata, immersa, subepidermalia, erumpentia, texturis

angularibus ; parietis ex cellulis 3–8 µm diam. composita. Cellulae

conidiogenae 3–8¬3–7 µm, ex cellulis in superficie interna parietis

conidiomatis compositae, holoblasticae, cylindraceae, proliferatio

percurrens unica raro adest. Conidia 25–67¬2–4 µm, hyalina,

guttulata, 2–6 septata, leniter curvata, fusiformia vel cylindracea,

basibus truncatis, apicibus subacutis.

In foliis vivis Tabebuiae impetiginosae, Ponte do Bragueto, Eixo

Rodovia! rio Norte, Plano Piloto, Brası! lia, DF, Brasiliae ; 27 Jul. 95 ; leg.

C. A. Ina! cio no : 178, UB col. micol. 6279, holotypus.

Lesions up to 4 mm diam., circular, coalescent, becoming

irregular, initially purplish-red becoming light grey with

purplish-red borders or light brown, amphigenous (Figs 40,

41). Mycelium immersed, pale brown; Hyphae septate ; 2–5 µm

diam. Conidiomata 38–93 µm diam., amphigenous, pycnidial,

globose, ostiolate, immersed, subepidermal, erumpent, textura

angularis ; cells 3–8 µm diam. (Figs 42, 43). Conidiogenous cells

3–8¬3–7 µm, holoblastic, cylindrical, rarely with one per-

current proliferation, originated from the inner layer of the

conidiomatal wall (Figs 43, 44). Conidia 25–67¬2–4 µm,

hyaline, guttulate, 2–6-septate, slightly curved, fusiform to

cylindrical with a truncate base ; apex subacute (Figs 44, 45).

Other specimens examined : On living leaves of Tabebuia impetiginosa in

Brası! lia, DF : University of Brası! lia Campus, 6 Mar. 95, leg. C. A.

Ina! cio no. 272, UB col. micol. 8343 ; University of Brası! lia Campus,

near Central Library, 7 Apr. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 274, UB col.

micol. UB 8346 ; University of Brası! lia Campus, near Bank of Brasil,

24 Apr. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 277, UB col. micol. 8349 ; University

of Brası! lia Campus, ICC Sul, 13 Jun. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 299, UB

col. micol. 8893 ; University of Brası! lia Campus, near Central Library,

13 Jun. 95, leg. C. A. Ina! cio no. 300, UB col. micol. 8349.

Several Septoria species have been found on bignoniaceous

hosts including Tabebuia (Table 6). Saccardo (1884) described

Septoria catalpae Sacc. on Catalpa syringifolia Bunge with small

bacilliform conidia (10–15¬1±5 µm), which cannot be con-

fused with S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae. The same is true with the

two species described by Vie! gas (1945b) in Brazil, S. cremasti

Vie! gas and Septoria distictidis. Septoria cremasti has larger

epiphyllous intramesophyllic conidiomata which form smaller

conidia than S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae while S. distictidis differs

from this new species by the black globose pycnidia which are

exclusively epiphyllous and longer hyaline conidia. Vie! gas

(1961) reported S. ipirangae Speg. on an unidentified Bignoni-

aceae which is also different because it forms aseptate, shorter

and thinner conidia (30¬1 µm) (Saccardo & Trotter, 1913).

The two Septoria species reported on Tecoma radicans (L.)

Juss. [¯Bignonia radicans L.,¯Campsis radicans (L.) Seem],

(Macbride, 1961), S. tecomaxochiti Tehon & G. L. Stout (1929)

with shorter aseptate conidia, and S, tecomae Ellis & Everh.

with smaller conidiomata and shorter conidia are both clearly

different from S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae.

Vie! gas (1961) recorded S. tabebuiae Petr. & Cif. on T. berterii

Britton and S. cucutana F. Kern & Toro (1935) on T. pentaphylla

Hemsl. and on T. spectabilis Planch. & Linden. These differ

from S. tabebuiae-impetiginosae because S. tabebuiae has aseptate

conidia and S. cucutana forms larger conidiomata, but has

shorter and thinner conidia. Ferreira (1989) mentioned a

Septoria on T. serratifolia, but without description.

Uncinula peruviana

Uncinula peruviana causes powdery mildew on Tabebuia species

(Zheng, 1985 ; Braun, 1987 ; Dianese & Dianese, 1994). Vie! gas

(1944) reported an Oidium sp. on Tabebuia sp. (¯Tecoma sp.),


Figs 46–51. Uncinula peruviana. Fig. 46. Amphigenous whitish colonies on leaves of Tabebuia impetiginosa (bar, 10 mm). Fig. 47.

Setose ascoma, SEM. Fig. 48. Circinate ascomatal appendages. Fig. 49. Ascoma showing wall with textura angularis. Fig. 50. An

ascoma extruding three asci. Fig. 51. Aseptate, hyaline, oblong ascospores (arrows). All bars, 10 µm, except Fig. 46.

in Cascata, State of Sa4 o Paulo, and Vie! gas (1961) recorded it

on T. ipe Mart. and T. grandiceps Kra$ nzl. in South America.

Rezende & Ferreira (1988) and Ferreira (1989) studied the

oidial symptoms present on T. rosea and T. ipe in Brası! lia,Goia# nia, Londrina, and also on T. serratifolia from Viçosa,

Minas Gerais. These authors concluded that the disease was

caused by an Uncinula species, probably U. peruviana. A

collection of the fungus is described and illustrated to

complement previous descriptions (Braun, 1987), and also

because this is a first record with a positive identification of

the species in the area around Brası! lia.

Uncinula peruviana Syd. Annales Mycologici 28, p. 433. 1930(Figs. 46–51)

Lesions powdery, white to grey, amphigenous, circular,

coalescing to cover most of the leaf blade (Fig. 46). Mycelium

superficial, amphigenous, hyaline, dense. Hyphae 4–8 µm

diam., superficial, hyaline, septate, branched (Fig. 47). Ascomata

87–129¬92–131 µm diam., on superficial mycelium, asto-

mous, globose, appendiculate, amphigenous, mostly hypo-

phyllous, dark brown to black ; walls with textura angularis ;

cells 6–22 µm diam. (Figs 47–50). Appendages 61–224¬5–7 µm, with uncinate apex, 25–60 per ascoma, mostly at the


equatorial area of the ascoma, hyaline, thick-walled, aseptate,

unbranched, smooth (Figs 47, 48). Asci 22–60¬17–40 µm,

globose or subglobose, sessile or short-pedicellate, 1–3-

spored (Fig. 50). Ascospores 15–27¬10–17 µm, hyaline,

oblong to ovoid, smooth, guttulate (Fig. 51). Anamorphic

state : Oidium-like ; Hyphae 3–7 µm diam. ; conidiophores 5–10

diam.¬10–29 µm long ; conidia 27–39¬10–17 µm amphi-

genous, hyaline, doliiform, catenulate.

Specimens examined : On living leaves of T. impetiginosa, SQN 707,

Brası! lia, DF. Teleomorph : 7 May 95; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 273, UB

col. micol. 8344. Anamorph : 28 May 95; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 290,

UB col. micol. 8605 ; 28 Feb. 96 ; leg. C. A. Ina! cio, no. 446, UB col.

micol. 11120.

In addition to the amphigenous infection of the leaflets of

T. impetiginosa by Oidium sp., anamorph of U. peruviana, and

Ovulariopsis sp., anamorph of Phyllactinia, was simultaneously

present on the lower surface of the leaves. Another

hypophyllous Ovulariopsis sp. was found on T. heptaphylla in

Brası! lia, but the lack of ascomata did not allow further

elucidation of the taxonomy of these two powdery mildews.

The authors acknowledge the support of a grant from

Fundaça4 o Banco do Brasil and fellowships from CAPES and

CNPq}Brasil. They also thank Professor Mariza Sanchez for

the herbarium work, and Leila T. P. Santos for technical

assistance. This paper is a portion of an MS Thesis by the first

author.

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Some foliicolous fungi on Tabebuia species

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