169

VOLUME 89 NUMBER 18 29 APRIL 2008

Increased Phytoplankton Blooms, Pg. 170Meetings: South American Dust and Climate, Pg. 171About AGU: Eiji Ohtani Receives Bowen Award, Pg. 172

The geologic and economic effects of

the 2 April 2007 Solomon Islands earth-

quake and tsunami are distinctly visible a

little more than a year after the event. Coral

reef colonies that were sheared off and

uplifted are slowly recovering, and many

new earthquake-triggered landslides remain

mobile. Large volumes of sediment created

by the earthquake and mobilized by the

tsunami have been fl ushed from the lagoons

between the reef and shoreline into deeper

water, although signifi cant quantities remain

on land. Sediment from the lagoons covers

piles of shattered coral that the tsunami

moved from the lagoons to the base of chan-

nels in the barrier reef. These shattered cor-

als have a higher chance of preservation

as paleotsunami deposits than the material

deposited on land.

The long-lasting effects of the damaged

reef on the local economy—which relies

heavily upon fi sheries and dive tourism—

remain to be seen. Coastal residents are still

in refugee camps due to the slow pace of aid

delivery and are fearful of another event.

Our team, consisting of geologists (from

the United States; the Solomon Islands gov-

ernment; and the regional Pacifi c Islands

Applied Geoscience Commission, known

as SOPAC) and local dive experts, has been

working with local government offi cials,

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and

business owners to assess the effects of this

event on the local environment. The geolo-

gists arrived in the affected area 1 month

after the event, coordinating with a team

of civil engineers that had arrived 2 weeks

earlier to collect ephemeral data such as

wave heights [Fritz and Kalligeris, 2008] and

assess sites of potential geologic interest.

We documented the earthquake-triggered

landslides using aerial surveys and fi eld veri-

fi cation, and we documented the offshore

effects of the tsunami and earthquake using

a combination of scuba diving and side-

scan sonar. Our initial assessments were

shared with local offi cials and NGOs via the

National and Provincial Disaster Councils

at Gizo (the capital of Western Province of

the Solomon Islands), and via the National

Disaster Management Offi ce in the national

capital of Honiara.

The Earthquake and Tsunami

The magnitude Mw

= 8.1 earthquake on

2 April 2007 (0739 local time) caused shak-

ing that lasted for more than 1 minute. As

soon as the shaking stopped, lagoons emp-

tied into the ocean, which was quickly fol-

lowed by tsunami waves surging onshore.

The event was responsible for 52 deaths.

We visited severely damaged villages on

the islands of Ghizo (Figure 1), Ranongga,

and Simbo, as well as several small, unin-

habited reef islands (Njari, Makuti, and

Nusa Aghana, Figure 2a). Damage in the vil-

lages varied despite similar tsunami wave

heights, suggesting variations in the waves’

power. At Pailongge and Titiana, on Ghizo,

several vehicles along with homes made

of thatched grasses and palm fronds were

fl oated tens of meters inland (Figure 2b)

and deposited with surprisingly little dam-

age, suggesting that the waves came in not

as a turbulent bore but as a rapidly rising

tide. It is possible that the steep morphol-

ogy of the barrier reef refl ected some of

the tsunami energy back out to sea, and

that the long wavelength provided the con-

siderable amount of water that spilled over

into these lagoons and onto land. At Tapu-

rai, where the barrier reef/lagoon system is

not as well developed, all structures in the

tsunami-affected area were destroyed, sug-

gesting more powerful waves.

Damage to coral colonies in the lagoons

fronting these villages was caused pri-

marily by the earthquake, not by the tsu-

nami. Strong shaking sheared off delicate

colonies of branching and table corals

(Acropora sp.), along with Porites sp. coral

heads that have evolved to thrive in low-

wave-energy environments. Most colonies

fell near their original growth positions,

while only on rare instances were they

transported inland. Had the tsunami been

responsible for the damage to coral colo-

nies, we would have expected more evi-

dence of transport in a current, such as

battering of coral edges or transport away

from original growth locations.

We observed further evidence of strong

coseismic accelerations on the reef front

at Nusa Aghana, where large boulders

(~2 meters in diameter) were broken off and

deposited in deeper water underneath a fi ne

layer of sediment. This fi ne layer of sediment

has been washed away during the past year,

and new coral is starting to recolonize dam-

aged areas.

The coseismic land level changes that fur-

ther damaged the coastal ecosystems were

particularly acute on Ranongga Island. The

uplift, which exceeded 3 meters in the south-

east, killed a swath of coral more than 100

meters wide surrounding the island, affecting

access for transportation and fi shing (Fig-

ure 2c). At Kolokukunde, the estuary and

associated mangrove swamp are now dis-

connected from the sea, which will affect

the offshore fi sh nurseries. These ecosys-

tems will take much longer to recuperate.

The earthquake triggered thousands of

coastal and interior landslides. On Ranongga,

two people were killed on a reactivated

landslide complex at Mondo; and at Leona

village, on Vella Lavella, a landslide from the

hill backing the village destroyed a health

clinic (Figure 2d). Numerous villages across

the region are at risk of future landsliding

triggered by aftershocks and rainfall. Debris-

choked streams present additional hazards

as sediment has been mobilized following

signifi cant rainfall events. The Solomon

Islands government is considering relocating

many of these villages.

The geologic record of this event is a mélange

of sediment mobilized by the earthquake,

transported by the tsunami, and reworked

by routine geomorphic processes. The

incoming tsunami deposited sediment from

the lagoons and beaches inland. At Tapurai,

this marine sediment is combined with boul-

ders from the hillside that backs the village.

The exiting tsunami removed sediment from

land, depositing some of it in the lagoon.

Following the rainy season, additional mate-

rial from interior landslides made its way

into the coastal zone, further disturbing the

equilibrium.

Over the course of the past year, littoral

processes continued to redistribute sediment,

moving it into deeper water via chutes and

channels in the barrier reef. The coarser

material shaken loose by the earthquake and

moved by the tsunami is being covered with a

fi ner layer of sediment. It is this deeper-water

deposit that has the highest potential for

being preserved in the geologic record.

Local Population

Socioeconomic vulnerability and physi-

cal remoteness of the affected region left

the population acutely exposed to this haz-

ard, and the risk from future events depends

largely on recovery from this one. While the

earthquake/tsunami hazard has been tem-

porarily reduced, reactivated landslides and

Solomon Islands Tsunami, One Year Later

BY B. G. MCADOO, H. M. FRITZ, K. L. JACKSON,

N. KALLIGERIS, J. KRUGER, M. BONTE-GRAPENTIN,

A. L. MOORE, W. B. RAFIAU, D. BILLY, AND B. TIANO

Fig. 1. Eight people in the immigrant community of New Manra on Ghizo Island died in the tsunami, despite a buffering coral reef, a 500-meter-wide lagoon, and a mangrove stand. A year later, residents are still living in refugee camps.

Fig. 2. (a) Map of the Solomon Islands. (b) Floated houses at Pailongge. (c) Uplifted reef on Ranongga. (d) Landslide at Leona village, Vella Lavella. (e) Mortality statistics in highly damaged villages. Immigrant communities are noted by italics.

Tsunami cont. on page 170

170

EOS VOLUME 89 NUMBER 18 29 APRIL 2008

The magnitude of phytoplankton blooms

has increased signifi cantly in many areas

of the world during the past 11 years, as

shown in data from ocean color sensors on

board satellites. These areas with increased

blooms are likely to be environmentally

stressed and undergoing undesirable envi-

ronmental changes such as a higher fre-

quency of harmful algal blooms and oxy-

gen depletion in bottom layers of oceans,

estuaries, and lakes. These changes can

disrupt traditional fi sheries and recre-

ational use in many coastal areas.

An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the

concentration of phytoplankton algae that

occurs when conditions turn favorable for

algal growth. A typical example of a bloom

is the phytoplankton spring bloom. Algal

blooms are natural phenomena that remove

dissolved carbon and nutrients. In addi-

tion, they produce new biomass that sup-

ports higher trophic levels including fi sh and

fi sheries. However, the blooms also lead to

excessive turbidity, oxygen depletion in the

bottom layers, and the possible death of fi sh,

benthic animals, and bottom vegetation.

Satellite measurement of spectral refl ec-

tance (ocean color) is a cost-effective

method to monitor phytoplankton by its

proxy, chlorophyll a concentration (the

green pigment that is present in all algae,

Chl-a). Understanding the effects of the

increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide con-

centrations and higher surface temperatures

on ocean biota is a major theme of NASA’s

Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Pro-

gram [McClain et al., 2006]. In September

2007, the NASA Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-

view Sensor (SeaWiFS) completed 10 years

in orbit (and efforts to revise the sensor

are still under way following an incident

on 1 January 2008 that has prevented data

downlink). SeaWiFS, together with its prede-

cessor, the Japan Space Exploration Agen-

cy’s Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner

(OCTS), which operated for only 8 months

prior to a power failure, provide approxi-

mately 11 years of high-quality global ocean

color observations.

While measurements of Chl-a of individual

blooms are variable (blooms are very patchy

in both space and time) and satellite sensors

miss some blooms due to persistent cloud

cover, the monthly mean composite Chl-a

is representative of the mean phytoplank-

ton concentration. It is well known that satel-

lite estimation of Chl-a in nearshore waters is

complicated and that other optically active

substances, such as detrital material, dissolved

organic substances, and suspended sediments,

can interfere in this process. In spite of these

potential errors, the monthly composite Chl-a

is a robust index of water quality and corre-

sponds to the combined effects of Chl-a and

other optically active substances.

We used global Chl-a data from OCTS and

SeaWiFS processed to 9- kilometer pixel res-

olution, and we found the highest monthly

Chl-a value for each year and each pixel. We

then compiled time series of these annual

maxima from 1997 to 2007. We interpret

the time series of the annual maxima as a

change in bloom magnitude. We calculated

the Sen slope, which is a nonparametric esti-

mate of the slope, to detect trends in bloom

magnitude and their signifi cance. Estimates

of the slope of bloom magnitude were also

obtained with the linear least squares regres-

sion, but the Sen slope estimator is prefer-

able due to its insensitivity to outliers. In Fig-

ure 1, areas of increased bloom magnitude

are shown in red and those with decreased

bloom magnitude are shown in blue. The

global map of increased bloom magnitude

is shown at http://spg.ucsd.edu/blooms.png,

and a Google™ Earth version is shown at

http://spg.ucsd.edu/blooms.kmz.

Phytoplankton Blooms

During the past 11 years, bloom magni-

tudes have increased in extensive areas of

eastern boundary upwelling currents along

the Washington-Oregon-California coast

off North America, the northern Peru coast

off South America, sections of the coast of

Namibia off Africa, and off the southwestern

tip of India. Eastern boundary currents are

characterized by upwelling of nutrient-rich

waters that makes these areas very produc-

tive and important for fi sheries. Increased

blooms also are evident in enclosed and

semienclosed basins such as the Baltic Sea,

Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela, the Sea of

Azov, and the northeastern area of the Cas-

pian Sea. In the Baltic Sea, the Chl-a algo-

rithm is known to have large errors and

the bloom magnitude primarily refl ects the

abundance of surface-fl oating cyanobacteria

[Kahru et al., 2007].

Increased blooms are also observed in

the northern Arabian Sea and the Gulf of

Oman, as well as in outfl ow areas of big riv-

ers such as Brazil’s Amazon and Tocantins

and Africa’s Congo. In the Mississippi River

outfl ow area, blooms have increased in the

western part of the outfl ow and decreased

in the eastern part. In East Asia, blooms

have increased off Shanghai and along the

west coast of Korea. In the Yellow Sea and

the adjoining Bohai Sea, blooms have actu-

ally decreased, due possibly to increased

turbidity. Blooms have also decreased in the

outfl ow area of the Po River in the Adriatic

Sea, likely as a result of efforts to control pol-

lution. Signifi cant changes (i.e., increases or

decreases in bloom magnitude) over large

areas are evident at high latitudes (the Bar-

ents and Bering seas, the Sea of Okhotsk,

and so forth), but the reliability of these esti-

mates is less certain due to persistent cloud

cover and infrequent satellite measurements

of these areas.

In summary, ocean color data from

1997 to 2007 show increased phytoplank-

ton bloom magnitude in eastern bound-

ary upwelling systems and in a number of

areas with known eutrophication. Increased

blooms in eastern boundary currents may

be caused by increased upwelling, but we

are unaware of any direct evidence sup-

porting that. The increased blooms off Ore-

gon are linked to the increase in the “dead

zones” of oxygen-depleted water [Service,

2004, 2007]. It has been suggested [Goes

et al., 2005] that the intensifi cation of the

southwest monsoon due to global warm-

ing has increased the productivity in the

Arabian Sea, but this has been disputed by

Prakash and Ramesh [2007]. Figure 1 shows

that the increase in bloom magnitude is

observed in the relatively narrow region of

the Gulf of Oman and in nearshore areas

of the northern Arabian Sea. Some of the

observed trend in bloom magnitude is attrib-

utable to the strong El Niño of 1997–1998 in

the start of the time series. However, bloom

magnitudes have increased in many areas

even after 1997–1998. We hope that experts

familiar with conditions in specifi c areas

can interpret these patterns using local data.

Acknowledgments

SeaWiFS and OCTS data were made avail-

able by the NASA Ocean Color Processing

Group. Support by the NASA Ocean Bio-

geochemistry and ECOHAB (Ecology and

Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms)

programs is acknowledged.

References

Goes, J., P. G. Thoppil, H. do R Gomes, and J. T. Fasullo (2005), Warming of the Eurasian landmass is making the Arabian Sea more pro-ductive, Science, 308(5721), 545–547.

Kahru, M., O. P. Savchuk, and R. Elmgren (2007), Satellite measurements of cyanobacterial bloom frequency in the Baltic Sea: Interannual and spatial variability, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 343, 15–23, doi:10.3354/meps06943.

McClain, C., S. Hooker, G. Feldman, and P. Bon-tempi (2006), Satellite data for ocean biology, biogeochemistry, and climate research, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(34), 337, 343.

Prakash, S., and R. Ramesh (2007) Is the Arabian Sea getting more productive?, Curr. Sci., 92(5), 667–671.

Service, R. F. (2004), New dead zone off Oregon coast hints at sea change in currents, Science, 305(5687), 1099.

Service, R. F. (2007), “Dead zone” reappears off Oregon coast, ScienceNOW, 3, 31 July. (Available at http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2007/731/3)

—MATI KAHRU and B. GREG MITCHELL, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; E-mail: mkahru@ucsd.edu

debris-clogged streams continue to pose

additional hazards to numerous villages.

Damaged infrastructure, ecosystems, water

supplies, and coastal access will have to be

assessed, thoughtfully repaired, and moni-

tored with these hazards in mind.

Rapid and sustainable economic recovery

has the potential to mitigate the effects of

the disaster and limit damage from future

events. While it is critical that people resume

economic activity as soon as possible, all

involved need to keep in mind their interac-

tions with the environment. For example, it

is unclear how damaged coastal ecosystems

will affect the region’s fi shing and dive tour-

ism industries or if measures (such as man-

grove replanting) should be undertaken to

aid in the rehabilitation of these industries.

Education remains one of the most effec-

tive tools for disaster mitigation. The most

successful scientifi c, educational, and out-

reach efforts were made by offi cials from

the Solomon Islands government working

in concert with SOPAC and NGOs in the

affected area. The local authorities speak

the local Pijin dialect and recognize cul-

tural subtleties that take varying degrees

of indigenous knowledge into consider-

ation for future mitigation efforts [McAdoo

et al., 2006]. Local educational efforts such as

these are especially critical in the near-fi eld,

where tsunami travel times were less than

5 minutes.

Differences in indigenous knowledge led

to mortality variations in villages with simi-

lar tsunami magnitudes (Figure 2e). None

of Pailongge’s indigenous population died,

yet 13 people died in Titiana, where Gilber-

tese immigrants from Kiribati, who migrated

there in the 1950s, have no cultural recol-

lection of tsunamigenic earthquakes. Immi-

grant children were exploring the emptied

lagoon when they were overwhelmed by the

tsunami. In Pailongge, however, members

of the community headed for higher ground

after the shaking stopped, demonstrating

an effective use of life-saving indigenous

knowledge.

Long-Term Impacts

After 1 year, the coastal ecosystems

(coral, fi sheries, mangroves, as well as

human) remain the most affected by the

geologic changes associated with this

earthquake and tsunami. Vast stretches of

coral killed by the earthquake’s shaking

and uplift are slowly recovering; however,

the longer-term ecologic and economic

impacts remain to be seen. Coastal uplift

also changed the hydrologic regime of estu-

aries, causing widespread mangrove forest

mortalities.

Damage to these ecosystems’ nursery

services will likely affect fi sh stocks for

years to come, and the situation needs to

be closely monitored. Declining fi sh stocks

not only affect the region’s food security

but also have broader economic implica-

tions associated with a potential decline

in the dive tourism industry. Postdisaster

recovery efforts need to consider these

implications to properly plan redevelop-

ment options.

Acknowledgments

Thanks to the Solomon Islands government,

B. Manele and J. Thomas (WWF Gizo),

L. Kong (UNESCO), and D. and K. Kennedy and

G. Griffi ths in Gizo. This work was funded by

the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)

Small Grants for Exploratory Research pro-

gram (EAR-0734982 and CMS-0646278) and

UNESCO (IOC-4500034222) in concert with

a NSF Partnership in International Research

and Education grant (OISE-0530151).

References

Danielsen, F., et al. (2005), The Asian tsunami: A protective role for coastal vegetation, Science, 310(5748), 643, doi:10.1126/science.1118387.

Fritz, H. M., and N. Kalligeris (2008), Ancestral heritage saves tribes during 1 April 2007 Solomon Islands tsunami, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01607, doi:10.1029/2007GL031654.

McAdoo, B. G., L. Dengler, G. Prasetya, and V. Titov (2006), Smong: How an oral history saved thousands on Indonesia’s Simeulue Island during the December 2004 and March 2005 tsunamis, Earthquake Spectra, 22(S3), S661–S669, doi:10.1193/1.2204966.

Author Information

Brian G. McAdoo, Department of Earth Science and Geography, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; E-mail: brmcadoo@vassar.edu; Hermann Fritz, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Savannah; Kelly L. Jackson, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmo-spheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Nikos Kalligeris, Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chanea, Greece; Jens Kruger and Michael Bonte-Grapentin, Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC), Suva, Fiji; Andrew L. Moore, Department of Geosciences, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana; Wilson B. Rafiau and Douglas Billy, Department of Mines and Energy, Honiara, Solomon Islands; and Braddley Tiano, Dive Gizo, Gizo, Solomon Islands

170

TRANSACTIONSAMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION

The Newspaper of the Earth and Space Sciences

EditorsJohn W. Geissman, Wendy S. Gordon,

Manuel Grande, Hassan Virji

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©2008 American Geophysical Union. Material in

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tists for research or classroom use. Permission is

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for publication in scientific books and journals.

For permission for any other uses, contact the AGU

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Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union

(ISSN 0096-3941) is published weekly by the

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Tsunami cont. from page 169

Ocean Color Reveals Increased Blooms in Various Parts of the World

Fig. 1. Areas of increased (red) and decreased (blue) phytoplankton bloom magnitude. The trend and its significance are estimated using the Sen slope test at 95% confidence level. Individual time series (from about 1997 to 2008) of spatially averaged Chl-a (milligrams per meter cubed) are shown as insets for the 50-kilometer nearshore band (a) off the Washington- Oregon- California coast, (b) off northern Peru, (c) in the Sea of Azov, and (d) off southwest India.

171

EOS VOLUME 89 NUMBER 18 29 APRIL 2008

G E O P H Y S I C I S T S

Pembroke J. Hart, who received AGU’s

Edward A. Flinn III Award in 2006 for “unselfi sh

cooperation in research” after many years

of facilitating, coordinating, and implement-

ing international collaboration in geophys-

ics, died 10 February after a short illness. He

was 79.

From 1952 to 1954, Hart worked on seismic

studies as a predoctoral fellow in the depart-

ment of terrestrial magnetism at the Carnegie

Institution of Washington. He later returned

to the institution as a visiting investigator as

part of the 1965 Andean Seismic Expedition

and the 1968 East Coast Seismic Experiment.

In 1955, Hart received his doctorate in

physics from Harvard University. In 1956, he

joined the staff of the National Academy of

Sciences/National Research Council’s (NAS/

NRC) U.S. Committee for the 1957–1958 Inter-

national Geophysical Year (IGY). During the

subsequent 35 years, he played an impor-

tant role as a senior staff member support-

ing a variety of major international initiatives

in the geophysical sciences. In addition to

the IGY, these initiatives included the Upper

Mantle Program and its successors, the Inter-

national Geodynamics Project and the Inter-

national Lithosphere Program; the World

Data Center System (hailed as one of the

hallmarks of IGY’s success); and the Interna-

tional Year of the Quiet Sun.

As an NRC staff offi cer, Hart had a major

role in writing, editing, and issuing many

reports of the U.S. committees for six major

international activities of the International

Council for Science (ICSU) during the period

1958–1990. Most notable among these

reports was the monograph published by

AGU on the current state of knowledge

about the Earth’s crust.

Hart received many commendations over

the years. In 1964, Vladimir Beloussov, pres-

ident of the International Union of Geod-

esy and Geophysics and chairman of the

Upper Mantle Program, commented, “The

work of the Upper Mantle Secretariat was

greatly facilitated through the assistance of

Dr. P. Hart, working selfl essly and with excel-

lent skill….” In a letter written in 1967, NAS for-

eign secretary Harrison Brown expressed his

“appreciation and admiration for [Dr. Hart’s]

many contributions to the success of these

international programs, particularly the Upper

Mantle Program.”

That same year, Raymond Price, professor

emeritus at Queen’s University in Kingston,

Ontario, Canada, and chairman of the Cana-

dian National Committee for the Interna-

tional Geodynamics Project, wrote, “Pem

Hart has been the quintessential facilitator

for international, interdisciplinary research

in the solid Earth sciences. He was tactful,

well informed, and indefatigable. He knew

that effective organization and communica-

tion are essential to the success of interna-

tional collaborative research programs….”

I was convinced after several years of my

association with this talented individual that

Price’s characterization of “quintessential”

was on the mark. Hart’s career personifi ed

the interactive partnership between imagina-

tive and knowledgeable staff and wise com-

mittee members that are the hallmark of the

distinctive contributions of NAS and AGU.

In 1963, in honor of his contributions to

IGY, a geographic feature in Antarctica was

named “Hart Hills.” He received the Harry

Oscar Wood Award in 1968 from the Carn-

egie Institution. Hart was also recognized by

his election in 1991 as a lifetime member of

the ICSU Panel on World Data Centers and in

1995 as a lifetime member of that organiza-

tion’s International Commission on the Lith-

osphere. In addition, he was a fellow of the

American Association for the Advancement

of Science and of the Geological Society of

America.

Hart’s wife of 27 years, Grace, died in 2004.

—THOMAS F. MALONE, former AGU president and NAS foreign secretary; E-mail: tfmalone@aol.com

Pembroke J. Hart (1929–2008)

Pembroke Hart

South American Dust and Its Role in Past and Present Climate

Multidisciplinary Workshop on Southern South American Dust;

Puerto Madryn, Argentina, 3–5 October 2007

Recent studies have emphasized the

impact of dust emissions from southern

South American (SSA) deserts (in partic-

ular the Patagonian desert) on past and

present climate, as well as possible links

to marine biology and carbon uptake in

the high-latitude southern oceans. How-

ever, understanding is hindered by the

lack of observations about dust activity, its

composition, and its long-range transport.

Although model simulations are in general

agreement with the limited observations of

Southern Hemisphere dust aerosols, many

of the modeling efforts addressing aero-

sol transport and ocean biogeochemistry

in the Southern Ocean rely on measure-

ments and parameterizations from North-

ern Hemisphere locations.

In addition, the causes of increased atmo-

spheric dust loading during glacial times,

as inferred from Antarctic ice cores, are dif-

fi cult to identify because of the paucity of

data from Southern Hemisphere deserts.

While this region’s sources contribute only

a small fraction to the global dust burden,

they are situated to play an important role in

the biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean,

while marking past circulation and climate

changes in the ice core record. This role can

be assessed only by increasing the number

of studies focused on source characteriza-

tion, emission, and transport, along with the

composition (including the soluble iron frac-

tion) of dust in SSA.

A workshop, convened in Argentina, was

intended to lead to new measurements and

understanding of the interaction of dust with

climate and new interpretations of past vari-

ations in the climate of the Southern Hemi-

sphere as well as of the entire globe. Par-

ticipants agreed that in order to increase

knowledge of past and present aerosol activ-

ity in SSA, a number of dedicated efforts

should be initiated including the following:

1. Expansion of the existing network mon-

itoring dust concentration in Patagonia to

the rest of SSA as an essential complement

to the satellite retrieval of aerosol optical

thickness, in order to better constrain existing

transport models;

2. An increase in the number of in situ

studies of the mechanisms that modulate

phytoplankton activity in the South Atlan-

tic Ocean, including increased sampling

of aerosols and studies of carbon dioxide

sequestration;

3. Regional and global modeling studies of

dust production and transport, with param-

eterizations constrained by observations of

the SSA deserts, including fi eld studies and

satellite retrievals of source extent and com-

position; and

4. Analysis of recent dust production in

SSA and dust deposition in Antarctica for

a better understanding of the relative roles

of changes to source areas and long-range

transport patterns.

An extended version of this report is

available at http://www.cenpat.edu.ar/

dustmeeting. Our thanks to Ron Miller, Rob-

ert Swap, Robert Duce, and Nicholas Mesk-

hidze for contributing in the preparation of

this write-up.

—SANTIAGO GASSÓ, Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Balti-more County; E-mail: sgasso@umbc.edu; DIEGO GAIERO, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cór-doba, Argentina; ILAN KOREN, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and HÉCTOR F. DEL VALLE, Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPat), Puerto Madryn, Argentina

M E E T I N GA N N O U N C E M E N T S

27–29 May 2008 ■ US/EU-Baltic 2008 Interna-tional Symposium: Ocean Observations, Ecosystem-Based Management, and Forecasting, Tallinn, Estonia. Sponsors: Estonian Academy of Sciences; Tallinn University of Technology; Oce-anic Engineering Society/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; others. (G. Lessin, Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology; E-mail: gennadi.lessin@phys.sea.ee; Web site: http://www.us-eu-baltic2008.org/index.cfm)

Topics include ocean observation systems, ecosystem-based and coastal zone management, forecasting, environmental technologies, and com-parison of the Baltic Sea and the Chesapeake Bay.

8–13 June 2008 ■ 13th International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profi ling of the Continents and Their Margins (SEISMIX 2008), Saariselkä, Finland. Sponsors: Institute of Seismology, Univer-sity of Helsinki; Geological Survey of Finland. (P. Heikkinen, Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki; E-mail: pekka.j.heikkinen@helsinki.fi ; Web site: http://www.seismo.helsinki.fi /seismix/)

Topics include crust-forming processes and seismic studies, active continental margins and subduction structures, intracontinental collision and accretion, continental rifts and basins, pas-sive continental margins, innovative seismic acquisition and processing techniques, and seismic exploration of mineral resources.

16–20 June 2008 ■ Fifth Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS 2008), Busan, South Korea. Sponsor: AOGS. (Conference Secretariat, Meeting Matters Inter-national, 25 Hindoo Road, Singapore 209116; Tel.: +65-6341-7229; Fax: +65-6341-7269; E-mail: info@asiaoceania.org; Web site: http://www.asiaoceania.org/aogs2008/index.asp)

Topics include gas hydrate occurrences in Asia, tectonic and magmatic evolution of western Pacifi c marginal basins, and subduction zone tectonics and magmatism.

24–26 June 2008 ■ Subsea Survey ’08, Galveston, Texas, USA. Sponsors: Hydrographic Society of America; Kongsberg; Geospace Technologies; oth-ers. (Conference Coordinator, Technology Systems Corporation, P.O. Box 1096, Palm City, FL 34991, USA; Tel.: +1-772-221-7720; Fax: +1-772-221-7715; E-mail: mj@tscpublishing.com; Web site: http://www.subseasurvey.com/index.php)

This event will focus on the state of the art in seafl oor, site, route, and pipeline surveys; subsea positioning; inspection and mapping; search and location; scientifi c monitoring; and ocean ob-serving systems. Attendees will include users and providers of offshore navigation, positioning, and mapping products and services. A limited num-ber of presentations will be accepted on a fi rst-come basis.

MEETINGS

172

EOS VOLUME 89 NUMBER 18 29 APRIL 2008

It is my pleasure to present Eiji Ohtani,

one of the recipients of the N. L. Bowen

Award of the American Geophysical Union.

Eiji Ohtani is indisputably the most promi-

nent leader in the experimental studies of

properties of Earth materials, particularly

the melting relationships and the proper-

ties of melts under high pressures and tem-

peratures. Eiji started his brilliant career in

Mineo Kumazawa’s lab at Nagoya Univer-

sity in the early 1970s. Mineo Kumazawa is

one of the pioneers of large-volume high-

pressure devices (others include Naoto

Kawai and Syun-iti Akimoto), and Eiji played

a major role as a young student in establish-

ing new techniques of high-pressure and

high-temperature experiments using a large-

volume apparatus. His reputation was estab-

lished already in the early 1980s based

on his seminal papers on the melting of

fayalite and forsterite under high pressures

(to 20 gigapascals).

Soon after his Ph.D., Eiji moved to Aus-

tralian National University (Ted Ringwood’s

lab) as a research fellow (I also applied for

the research fellow position with Ted Ring-

wood, but Ted, of course, made the right

decision as usual), and there Eiji estab-

lished a multianvil lab from which a num-

ber of important results were found not only

by Ohtani himself but also by Tetsuo Iri-

fune and Takumi Kato. After coming back

from ANU, Eiji built two high-pressure labs

in Japan, fi rst at Matsuyama (Ehime Univer-

sity) and next at Sendai (Tohoku University),

and started an even more impressive and

productive career. He has established an

“army” of students and postdocs (his “army”

is so big that I often wonder if it is “constitu-

tional”) and has conducted a truly impres-

sive series of experimental studies not only

on melts and melting relationships but also

on other related topics such as the stability

of hydrous phases, kinetics of phase trans-

formation, diffusion of ions under high pres-

sures, etc. In fact, it is impossible to write a

paper on melting or melts in the deep Earth

without citing Eiji Ohtani’s papers. There-

fore Eiji’s contributions fi t very nicely with

the description of the Bowen Award: a series

of papers which, taken together, constitute

“an outstanding contribution to volcanology,

geochemistry and petrology.”

Eiji is full of energy, and I do not see any

sign of him slowing down in his scientifi c

activities. At the same time, he is a quiet

and modest person. I am really pleased that

AGU has recognized his fundamental con-

tributions to volcanology, geochemistry,

and petrology by awarding him the Bowen

Award. Congratulations, Ohtani-san!

—SHUN-ICHIRO KARATO, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.

Response

Thank you, Shun-Ichiro Karato, for your

warm and generous citation. It is my great

pleasure to receive the award that bears the

name of Norman L. Bowen, who is the real

pioneer and hero in Earth science.

As an undergraduate student at Tohoku

University, I visited Hokkaido, Japan, in 1972

for a fi eld survey of the Horoman ultramafi c

complex supervised by Ken-Ichiro Aoki, one

of the pioneers in upper mantle petrology.

I was so impressed by the beautiful and fresh

peridotite outcrops, and I wanted to under-

stand the mystery operating in the Earth’s

deep interior. Since I was assured that high-

pressure works are vital to clarifying the

Earth’s deep interior, I decided to study at

Mineo Kumazawa’s laboratory at Nagoya Uni-

versity as a graduate student. This is the rea-

son I am now working as a professional in

studying the Earth’s deep interior.

I struggled to develop a large volume press

during the graduate course, and in 1979

I fi nally successfully made some experiments

on melting of silicate minerals to 15 gigapas-

cals. The experiments could be applied to

a deep magma ocean, which was expected

theoretically at that time by Wetherill,

Hayashi, and Kaula in the primordial Earth.

I spent 2 years, 1983 and 1984, at the Aus-

tralian National University as a research fel-

low in Ted Ringwood’s group. It was the

most fruitful time in my research career, and

I enjoyed research there by intensive dis-

cussions with young active postdocs, many

of whom are now working as top runners

in our science community. I spent plenty of

time thinking about magma ocean issues

and a possible crystal-melt density cross-

over, a current hot issue in geodynamics. I

also enjoyed working with excellent techni-

cians Alan Major and Bill Hibberson install-

ing a large volume press.

In 1995, I spent 8 months at the Bayerisches

Geoinstitute, University of Bayreuth. I was

impressed by the friendly and active atmo-

sphere of the institution, directed by Fritz

Seifert and Dave Rubie. After my stay in

Bayreuth, we continued to make intensive

exchanges of young people and collabora-

tions, such as study on shocked meteorites

with Ahmed El Goresy, which was started by

fruitful discussions with Tom Sharp during

my stay in Bayreuth.

Finally, I would like to thank all of the excel-

lent colleagues and brilliant students of my

department at Tohoku University who made

fruitful collaborations in my research career.

—EIJI OHTANI, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

POSITIONS AVAILABLE

Atmospheric Sciences

Physical Scientist in the Research Programs Division. The Climate Program Office in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is seeking qualified individuals to manage the implementation of the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate (ACC) Program. The incumbent will coordinate with other agencies and university scientists, in the context of national and international climate research priorities, to ensure that state-of-the-art science is advanced through climate research supported by its grants programs and will oversee the day-to-day function-ing of the ACC program. Further information about NOAA’s Climate Program can be found at: http://www.climate.noaa.gov. A more detailed job description and applicant instructions can be found at USAJOBS http://www.usajob.opm.gov under vacancy number OAR-HQ-2008-0037 (current or former Federal employees - for addi-tional information go to USA.JOBS) and OAR-HQ-2008-0038 (all other U.S. citizens). This position is classified as Supervisory Physical Sci-entist, ZP-1301-4, Salary range: $82,961 -$127,442. Open to all U.S. Citizens. The U.S. Department of Commerce is an Equal Opportunity Employer.

Position: Three to Four Assistant Climate Modelers, Illinois State Water Survey, Center for Atmospheric Science - Full-time, Grant/Contract Funded. Availability: July 1, 2008-June 30, 2011, depending on funding availability.

Qualifications: Ph.D., or M.S. with 3 years of relevant experience, in atmospheric sciences, computer sciences or related field. Proficiency (including extensive coding experience) in using FORTRAN 77, 90 and C programming languages in UNIX and Linux environments. Strong mathemati-cal background and parallel supercomputing skill preferred. Experience in running mesoscale regional weather/climate models encouraged. Experience with diagnostic analysis of data from global and/or regional climate model simulations desired. Experience with the use of GIS for model data pre- and post-processing, and the prepara-tion of graphical and written summaries of results. Strong aptitude for working in a team environment and willingness to work in a supportive role. Strong verbal and written communication skills. Please visit the Water Survey’s web site @ www.sws.uiuc.edu for a detailed announcement.

Please Send Cover Letter, Resume and Names of Three References to: Human Resources, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign, IL 61820

The State Water Survey is an AA/EEO Employer.Position #08-13.

Positions Available --- Upper Atmosphere Research. Positions are available immediately to support research in the area of upper atmospheric science and aeronomy in the Science Directorate at NASA Langley Research Center. The focus of the research is to understand the fundamental process that controls the thermal structure, the chemical balance, and the energy budget in the Earth’s mesosphere and lower thermosphere, including long-term variations with the solar cycle. The positions involve analysis of the energy bal-ance, photochemistry, and airglow in the Earth’s mesosphere and lower thermosphere using data from the NASA TIMED, SORCE, Aura, and other satellites. Specific studies will focus on determin-ing the radiative energy balance and its variation on timescales from days to years.

Post-Doctoral or Research Scientist The successful applicant will most likely

have a PhD in atmospheric science, space phys-ics, physics, or a closely related discipline. A demonstrated ability to work with large datasets from multiple instruments will be viewed as advantageous, as will proficiency in data analysis and computer programming. Excellent oral and written communication skills are essential as the successful applicant will be expected to publish in the refereed literature and present findings at scientific symposia. The position will also involve collaboration with a broad cross section of the international aeronomy community.

Talented Physical Scientist to work with sci-entists at the NASA Langley Research Center to support research in the area of upper atmospheric science and aeronomy. Requires M.S. in atmo-spheric science, physics, computer science, or related discipline, with at least 2 years of research experience. Demonstrated experience with satellite remote sensing data and manipulation of large datasets. Proficiency in FORTRAN, IDL, and handling data files in netCDF or HDF formats. Prior project experience desired. Possess a good background in the physical sciences and be adept

at computer programming and working with large data sets. Strong organizational skills with the ability to coordinate multiple activities. Good written and verbal communication skills.

Please visit our website at www.ssaihq.com to apply on-line or send a current C-V to:

Diedre S. Jones, Human ResourcesScience Systems & Applications, Inc.SSAI, Suite 2001 Enterprise ParkwayHampton, VA 23666-5845dee_jones@ssaihq.comEOE

Post-doctoral Research Fellowship, Environ-ment Canada, Montreal: Impact of Strato-spheric Dynamics on Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation. The Data Assimilation and Satellite Meteorology Research section of Environment Canada, located in Montreal, Canada, is seeking a post-doctoral fellow to improve the performance of the operational Ensemble Kalman Filter in the stratosphere. This may, for instance, require raising the top of the dynamical model beyond 10 hPa, moving to less diffusive versions of that model, a more appropriate treatment of balance, or the assimilation of additional remotely-sensed observations. The fellow will be part of a dynamic research team, but is expected to independently develop original contributions.

Qualifications: Ph.D. in atmospheric science or a related field and experience with scientific programming in a UNIX environment.

Applications are currently being accepted and the position will remain open until filled. The posi-tion is available for three years pending annual review and availability of funds. The fellowship is a Visiting Fellowship in Canadian Government Laboratories administered by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). This program provides promising young scientists and engineers with the opportunity to work with research groups in Canadian govern-ment laboratories and research institutions. Candidates should send their curriculum vitae to: Dr. Godelieve Deblonde, Acting Research Manager Data Assimilation and Satellite Meteorol-ogy Research,Meteorological Research Division, Environment Canada, 2121 Trans-Canada Highway, Dorval, PQ, Canada H9P 1J3, Tel.: 514 421-4774, Email: godelieve.deblonde@ec.gc.ca.

Postdoctoral Associate on Aerosol Nucleation: Two Immediate Positions. Two postdoctoral positions for aerosol nucleation studies are imme-diately available at Kent State University Atmo-spheric Chemistry Group (http://www.personal.kent.edu/~slee19/). The central responsibilities include (1) conducting aerosol nucleation experi-ments using chemical ionization mass spectrom-eters, (2) building nucleation experiment setup, (3) developing mass spectrometry to detect organic compounds, (4) conducting atmospheric observations of aerosol sizes and aerosol precur-sors, and (5) presenting and publishing scientific findings in peer reviewed journals. Background in atmospheric chemistry/physics and strong experi-mental and communication skills are required, and experiences with mass spectrometry and aerosol instruments are preferred. Ability to work in a team, as well as independently, is essential. These research projects are sponsored by National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The postdoc positions are yearly renewable up to three years depending on the accomplishment. Please contact Professor Shanhu Lee (slee19@kent.edu, 330 672 3905) for more information. To apply, please send your CV, a brief statement of scientific findings and research interests, electronic copy of publications and three references. KSU is an Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action Employer.

Geochemistry

EnCana Chair in Unconventional Gas. The University of Calgary invites applications for a Chair in Unconventional Gas in the Department of Geoscience (www.ucalgary.ca/geoscience) at the level of tenure-track Associate/Full Professor. We are looking for a senior scientist to build an internationally renowned geoscientific program in unconventional gas research.

The successful candidate will have a PhD and an international reputation in their field of research covering major aspects of the science and engineering involved in exploring for and producing unconventional gas reservoirs. Possible research areas might include one or more of tight gas, shale gas, coal bed methane or gas hydrates. The candidate will work with researchers in the departments of Geoscience, Chemical and Petro-

Classified cont. on next page

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“Positions Available” and “Student Opportunities” are updated every Tuesday and listed on our Web site,

accessible to AGU members.

www.agu.org

ABOUT AGU

Ohtani Receives 2007 N. L. Bowen Award

Eiji Ohtani received the 2007 N. L. Bowen Award at the 2007 AGU Fall Meeting in San

Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes outstanding contributions to volcanology, geo-

chemistry, or petrology.

Eiji Ohtani

173

EOS VOLUME 89 NUMBER 18 29 APRIL 2008

leum Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, where there are ongoing activities in unconven-tional gas. The successful candidate will build a vigorous, externally funded research program that will become an internationally leading center for developing innovative solutions to the challenges presented by the exploration and development of unconventional gas.

Evaluation of applications will begin October 31, 2008 and continue until the position is filled. Additional information about the position and the application process can be found at www.ucalgary.ca/hr/careers or by contacting geojobs@ucalgary.ca.

All qualified candidates are encouraged to apply; however Canadians and permanent residents will be given priority. The University of Calgary respects, appreciates and encourages diversity.

Erosion Scientist. The Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (France) seeks an enthusiastic young research scientist to perform research on erosion processes and mass transfer of solid particles on land surfaces at the Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences (LSCE, Gif-sur-Yvette/France). The incumbent will conduct ongoing research to improve understanding and evalu-ation of the interactive effects of land-use and climate on solid transfers in hydrological net-work with a particular clue on extreme climatic events. He is expected to develop interdisciplinary research documenting origins and mass budgets of soil and atmospheric particles through the use of environmental radioactivity, elemental and isotopic analyses and through modeling. The individual is expected to present results in peer-reviewed journals and in scientific presentations and to submit research proposals to supplement their research programs. Duties include field and experimental research and, validation and appli-cation of physical models, in conjunction with the modeling teams of the institute, to elucidate key processes governing the recent evolution of land surfaces. The background of the incumbent may be in geochemistry or geophysics, with additional experience in hydrology, solid transport or envi-ronmental radioactivity. He should have experi-ence as an autonomous post-doctoral researcher, and ability to work in a research team and to manage qualified technical staff.

This is a full time permanent position with a starting annual salary of 34,300€ to 45,000€ depending on qualifications. These will be judged in part based on numbers of peer-reviewed jour-nals, of scientific presentations and a record for obtaining grants. Closing date is June, 1st, 2008.

Detailed job information (DSM-LSCE-TH3-CH-TCO3) and application can be found at: http://moorea.cea.fr/Web/RechDoss.aspx

Post Doc Position on Paleoclimate Modelling Vacant at the Research Center, Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), University of Oslo. The position is on the project Processes in volcanic basins and the implications for global warming and mass extinction, funded by the Research Council of Norway. One of the aims of the project is to understand the climate implica-tions of metamorphic degassing during the forma-tion of Large Igneous Provinces (e.g., during the Toarcian, end-Permian, and the PETM).

The successful candidate will work on climate and carbon cycle modelling of degassing from sedimentary basins, and should have experience in climate and/or atmospheric chemistry model-ling, preferably in a paleoclimatic context. The work involves collaboration with an active group of students and researchers at PGP, and the atmo-spheric chemistry group at the Dept. of Geosci-ences at the University of Oslo.

PGP is a Norwegian Centre of Excellence and a cross-disciplinary research centre. It involves ca. 60 physicists and Earth scientists from 14 coun-tries, and its mission is to obtain a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the complex patterns and processes of the Earth. The Centre is organized under the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science.

For more information, please visit our web site: http://www.fys.uio.no/pgp/.

Applicants must hold a degree equivalent to a Norwegian doctoral degree in geology, climate modelling or other relevant fields. The main purpose of post-doctoral fellowships is to qualify researchers for work in top academic positions within their disciplines. Applicants should submit a letter of application describing their scientific experience and interests with emphasis on how they expect to contribute to the research project.

Permanent staff members cannot apply.For more details see: http://www.uio.no/admhb/reglhb/personal/

tilsettingvitenskapelig/ansettelsesvilkar/guidelinespostdoctor.xml

In accordance with the University of Oslo’s equal opportunities policy, we invite applications from all interested individuals regardless of gen-der or ethnicity.

The University of Oslo has a contract for all employees regarding acquisition of intellectual property rights.

Applicants who wish to be considered for the position have to submit a letter of application and curriculum vitae containing all information about education, previous positions and any other quali-fying activity. A complete list of published and unpublished scientific articles must be attached. Copies of grades, transcripts, supporting creden-tials and the names and contact details for at least two references must also be attached.

For further information please contact: Admin. Manager Trine-Lise Knudsen, e-mail: t.l.knudsen@fys.uio.no, tel. +47 22856435

Pay grade 54-58 (which is about NOK 394 900-424 000 per year).

The closing date for application is: June 1, 2008

REF. NR.: 2008/5299The position is available for period of two

years, with a preferred starting date of August 1, 2008.

Applications (marked with ref.nr. 2008/5299) should be sent to:

Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Attn: Gro Corell, PB 1032 Blindern, N- 0315 Oslo, Norway

Application papers will not be returned.

Post-Doctoral Associate. Watershed biogeo-chemistry -to conduct research on nitrogen cycling and transport in watersheds. Expertise on riparian, fluvial, hyporheic or in-stream processing appro-priate. (Ref: W/WS)

Watershed hydrologist -research to develop and link hydrologic and nutrient processing mod-els of upland runoff and stream transport. Exper-tise on GIS, hydrodynamic modeling, hydrology is desirable. (Ref: W/WS)

Postdoctoral scientist with expertise in water-shed/stream biogeochemistry and/or hydrology available winter/spring 2008 to work on biocom-plexity project examining interactions between human alterations of the water cycle, connectivity of riparian landscape elements and hotspots of watershed nutrient processing. We seek an indi-vidual who aims to integrate research across tradi-tional disciplinary boundaries. Postdoc will work with a team of scientists from Clark, MBL, Penn State, UNH and UGA. Time will be split between Massachusetts (field site) and Georgia. Position to be filled by April 30 2008, with screening of appli-cations beginning 3/25/08. Send CV, statement of research interests and vision, and names and full contact addresses of 3 references to: The Universi-ty of Georgia, GA Sea Grant College Program, 220 Marine Science Building, Athens, Ga. 30602-3636, ATTN: Ginger Garrison, 706-542-6009 - email address gingerg@uga.edu Ref: BCPX WS PD

Postdoctoral Research Associate. The Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences program at Old Dominion University seeks an outstanding postdoctoral research associate with strengths in structural geology and an interest in developing integrative, time-series GoogleEarth models.

The selected candidate will have a Ph.D. in structural geology, with a focus on field data anal-ysis and geological map construction. Experience with GoogleEarth mark-up language preferred. Preference will be given to candidates that also have a background in one or more of: metamor-

phic petrology, ductile deformation, large-scale fault systems, tectonic reconstructions.

The position is for up to two years, available immediately, and renewable for subsequent years depending on the availability of funding and per-formance of successful candidate. Applications will be reviewed until the position is filled. Application materials should be sent by e-mail to odurfjobs@odu.edu or by U.S. mail to Old Domin-ion University Research Foundation, P.O. Box 6369, Norfolk, VA 23508. Specify Job #08014. AA/EOE

Research Assistant Professor/Laboratory Manager ICP-MS Facility, University of Notre Dame. The Department of Civil Engineering & Geological Sciences at the University of Notre Dame is seeking a qualified laboratory manager to oversee and maintain the efficient running of their ICP-MS laboratory. Duties will include mainte-nance and repair of the ICP-MS systems, teaching graduate students and other users different ana-lytical techniques available in the facility, and to encourage use of the facility from persons outside the department. The ICP-MS facility is equipped with a ThermoFinnigan Element 2 magnetic sector high-resolution machine and a New Wave UP 213 nm laser ablation facility. In addition, a Dionex LC20 liquid ion chromatograph (for speciation work) is also available. Requisite autosamplers for both ICP machines and the LC20 are also available. The successful applicant is encouraged to participate in current research efforts and to establish their own. Applicants should have at least 2 years experience with ICPMS, acid distillation, reagent & sample preparation, and clean room practices & protocols. Salary will be commensurate with qualifications and this is a 12-month, university-funded position. Interested parties should mail a curriculum vita along with the names and address of three referees to Prof. Peter Burns, Chair, Department of Civil Engineering & Geological Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Univer-sity of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA, by May 16th, 2008, although the position will remain open until filled.

Hydrology

Lecturer Position, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State Univer-sity. The Department of Geological and Atmo-spheric Sciences at Iowa State University invites applications for the temporary position of Lecturer for academic year 2008-2009 (consideration may also be given to candidates who will be available only for fall 2008). The successful candidate must be able to teach hydrogeology. The remainder of the load is negotiable, both in terms of total num-ber and type of classes. Potential areas of need include, but are not restricted to, environmental geochemistry, contaminant hydrogeology, isotope geochemistry, introductory geology, oceanography, and historical geology.

Candidates must have a minimum of a Masters degree (or ABD) in Geology or related area. All applications must be submitted electronically at www.iastatejobs.com (search vacancy ID# 080294). Please be prepared to enter or attach a letter of application, curriculum vitae, and the names, addresses, e-mail addresses, and phone and fax numbers of at least three references. Any addi-tional application materials may be mailed to: Carl Jacobson, Chair, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, 253 Science I, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3212.

To ensure consideration, submit application by June 15, 2008. The search will continue until the position is filled.

Information about the Department appears at: http://www.ge-at.iastate.edu/. Iowa State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer.

Postdoctoral Fellow - Near-Surface Hydrology. The Division of Hydrologic Sciences of the Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV is seeking a post-doctoral fellow to work mainly on statistical analysis of vadose zone processes. Specific research will

target estimation of soil hydraulic properties and quantification of uncertainty and heterogeneity through artificial neural network and statistical analysis.

Candidates are expected to have a Ph.D. in hydrology, hydrogeology, civil engineering or related discipline; demonstrated ability to perform research and publish results in peer-reviewed lit-erature. Experience with artificial neural network, fuzzy logic programs; computer programming (FORTRAN, C++, Matlab) and spatial analysis are desired.

Submit CV, cover letter detailing how you meet DRI’s education and experience requirements, summary of your career interests and goals, and contact information for three professional references to recruit@dri.edu. For full details, visit http://jobs.dri.edu or call 775-673-7332.

AA/EEO employer.

The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University Lectureship in Ecohydrology. Salary: £30,763 - £42,583

Anticipated start date: October 1, 2008.We wish to build on the strength of our Catch-

ment and Aquatic Processes research profile by appointment in the area of ecohydrology. We expect to appoint in any of the following areas of expertise: interactions between hydrological, bio-geochemical and soil processes; hydrological eco-system services relating to water quality; scaling processes from plot to catchment scale; modelling and prediction of aquatic ecosystem dynamics.

Candidate should be able to demonstrate an excellence of research profile/publications and capacity for exploiting funding opportunities. The successful candidate will be expected to contribute to our undergraduate and postgraduate courses in water science, in particular the MSc Sustainable Water Management.

Informal enquiries may be addressed to Pro-fessor Andrew Binley (Email: a.binley@lancaster.ac.uk; Telephone +44 (0) 1524 593927).

To apply or request further information online, please visit http://www.personnel.lancs.ac.uk/vacancydets.aspx?jobid=A022

Closing date for applications: May 30, 2008

Ocean Sciences

Five Open-Ended Scientific Vacancies. The Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL), part of the Natural Environment Research Council, is a world-leader in the measurement and prediction of changing sea level and the physics of coastal and shelf seas. We are recruiting five talented scientists into open-ended positions to work on the Oceans 2025 strategic science research programme (further details available at www.Ocean2025.org) in which POL is a major participant.

Post 1. Shelf-Seas Climate Change Modeller (Band 5/6)

We seek an outstanding shelf sea modeller to investigate the effects of recent and near future climate change on the coastal-ocean. The focus of the work will be on how atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial variability affects the hydrodynamics of shelf seas and how this in turn influences the marine ecosystem. The regions of interest will be the northeast Atlantic/European shelf and the Arctic shelf seas. This work is part of Oceans 2025 and is funded by a number of NERC and European projects. The successful candidate will join the dynamic POLCOMS modelling team at POL, and also collaborate closely with ecosystem modellers, high-performance computing special-ists and climate scientists for a range of UK institu-tions. The successful candidate should have a PhD or an equivalent research record in physical oceanography, a first degree or equivalent quali-fication or experience in a numerate physical or environmental science or mathematics, and have experience in numerical ocean modelling and computer programming.

Post 2. Coastal-Ocean Forecast Modeller (Band 5/6)

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An enthusiastic coastal-ocean modeller is required to join the POL modelling team. You will work on quantifying and improving the short term forecast skill of shelf-scale and near coastal models for physical parameters, in preparation for their use by the operational oceanography community. The successful candidate will par-ticipate in our long-standing collaboration with the UK Met. Office and other partners in the National Centre for Ocean Forecasting (www.ncof.gov.uk). The work will focus on further developing the NEMO modelling system for shelf sea applications, including the implementation and testing of data-assimilation schemes. You will also be involved in assessing and evaluat-ing “next-generation” unstructured-mesh model systems for future operational use. This post requires a candidate with experience in numeri-cal ocean modelling, a PhD in physical oceanog-raphy (or equivalent research experience), a first degree or equivalent in a numerate physical or environmental science or mathematics. The suc-cessful candidate should be a skilled program-mer, ideally with experience in data-assimilation techniques.

3. Physical Oceanographer (Band 6)We are looking for a scientist who has recent-

ly completed a PhD or equivalent qualification who wishes to develop a career in observational physical oceanography, primarily within coastal and shelf seas. The post involves working with observational data using a wide range of ship-based, moored, and autonomous instrumenta-tion including real-time data streams. Duties will include regular seagoing work, instrument set-up and calibration, and maintaining standard data quality protocols. A key focus of the work will be utilising the long-term and continuing data collected by POL’s sustained observing pro-grammes in the POL Irish Sea Observatory and in the Southern Ocean. The successful scientist will be expected to develop strong links between the observational and the numerical modelling activities ongoing within the Laboratory, and to work within large inter-disciplinary teams beyond POL.

4. Global Ocean Modelling Incorporating Geodetic Skills (Band 6)

We seek a scientist to work in the POL Sea Level group, on the use of ocean models to understand sea level change.

Duties will include setting up and running process studies on a global ocean model and calculating diagnostics related to sea level and ocean bottom pressure from this and other model datasets.

The group has interests in the interactions between sea level and ocean dynamics, and in the use of ocean and geodetic measurements to constrain and understand the sea level budget. We would encourage applications from people with a wide range of backgrounds. The primary requirement is a strong quantitative science and mathematical background, and the ability to pro-gram in FORTRAN and to carefully assess work for accuracy and relevance. A good candidate would be strongly encouraged to branch out into broader aspects of sea level work.

5. Coastal Modeller for Real-Time Oceanogra-phy (Band 6)

We are seeking a shelf-sea modeller to work in the development and application of real-time model systems to investigate near coastal-processes in the Irish Sea. The focus of the work will be on physical and bio-physical interaction processes such as the relationship between phytoplankton growth, turbidity and turbulence. Building on our existing systems, the successful candidate will be responsible for developing and maintaining the modelling effort in the POL coastal observa-tory http://cobs.pol.ac.uk/ including the systems for real-time validation, visualisation and forcing data acquisition. The successful candidate should

have a PhD (or equivalent research experience) and a first degree or equivalent, both in a numerate physical or environmental science, engineering or mathematics. You should have experience in numerical modelling and computer programming. Experience in real-time systems, web services and model visualisation would be highly desirable.

The starting salary at Band 5 is £29,360 (pay award pending) rising to £34,630 after 4 years. The starting salary for Band 6 is £22,220 (pay award pending) rising to £27,440 after 3 years. Benefits include a salary-related contributory pension scheme. Annual leave entitlement is 30 days paid holiday per year, plus staff are entitled to 8 days public/bank holidays, 2.5 privilege days and 3.5 accrued leave days. There is a flexi time system in operation. As an Investor in People, we can assure you of the opportunity for further training and development.

For more information about the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, please logon to the website www.pol.ac.uk.

If you wish to apply for any of the above positions, please contact Personnel Department, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L3 5DA, UK, telephone number 0151 795 4836 or 0151 795 4841, or e-mail personnel@pol.ac.uk for an application form and further details.

Closing date for return of completed application forms is Friday 16 May 2008.

Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL) a component of the Natural Environment Research Council, has an equal opportunities policy and welcomes applicants from all sections of the com-munity. People with disabilities and those from ethnic minorities are currently under-represented and their applications are particularly welcome. We have a guaranteed interview scheme for appli-cants with disabilities this means that you will be invited for interview if you meet the essential specified requirements of the job. Please advise us in advance if you need special facilities or equipment.

Scientific Researchers Positions at NURC, a NATO Research Centre. NURC conducts research in support of NATO’s operational and transformation requirements, focusing on the undersea domain and on solutions to maritime security problems. NURC is seeking junior and senior scientific researchers in the following disci-plines: - Operational Oceanography - Simulation and Modeling - Mine Countermeasures - Mathematics - Physics - Engineering Underwater Vehicles, Networks & Sensors.

Please visit http://www.nurc.nato.int/employment/index.htm for details.

Solid Earth Geophysics

Post Doctoral Research Scientist (s) in the Field of Polar Geophysics and Glaciology; Search Number: LD 670 08 013. The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University invites applications for a full-time post-doctoral research scientist position (s) in Polar Geophysics. The successful candidate will join a group work-ing on glaciology and geodynamics. Recent efforts have focused on subglacial lakes, ice dynamics and mountain uplift processes. The project will involve the acquisition of a major new aerogeo-physical data set in the center of East Antarctica including surface altimetry, ice penetrating radar, gravity and magnetics as part of the International Polar Year. Candidates with research interests in both ice sheet processes and geodynamics are encouraged to apply. The position (s) is a full-time 2-year appointment, with the opportunity of continuation and growth depending on progress and availability of funding.

Requirements: A recent Ph.D. in geophysics, glaciology or a related discipline is required.

Applicants should submit a personal statement describing research experience and interests, a curriculum vitae, and three reference letters to:

Ms. K. Carlsen,Human Resources CoordinatorLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia

UniversityP.O. Box 100061 Route 9WPalisades, NY 10964or email to: personnel@admin.ldeo.columbia

.edu with Search Nbr LD 670 08 013 in the subject line.

Search will remain open for at least 30 days after the ad appears. Columbia University is an Equal opportunity and affirmative action employer. Minorities and women are encouraged to apply.

Space Physics

Space Weather Remote Sensing Scientist (Project Scientist I). The Constellation Observ-ing System for Meteorology Ionosphere Climate (COSMIC) Program at the UCAR Office of Pro-grams in Boulder seeks a Ph.D. Scientist to main-tain and improve the analysis of space weather data from GPS radio occultation and Tiny Iono-spheric Photometer. Develops validation methods for the space weather products and supports satel-lite mission operations. Conducts collaborative and independent science investigations on the application of the COSMIC data to space weather.

Requires Ph.D. in Physics, Geophysics, Math-ematics, Atmospheric Science, Aerospace Engi-neering or related field. Must have highest skill in mathematics; strong programming skills in For-tran, C, Perl; and knowledge of UNIX/Linux oper-ating systems; as well as a science background in Physics, Aerospace Engineering, Geophysics or similar field. Requires interest in ionosphere and space weather and ability to work independently as well as a team member in a collaborative environment. Must be able to write scientific manuscripts and present results in seminars and conferences. Must be a U.S. citizen or be eligible to work in the U.S.

Knowledge of ionosphere and space weather, and experience with GPS and an understanding of the radio occultation inversion techniques desired but not required.

Two-year term position with possibility of extension. No paid relocation. View detailed job description at http://www.fin.ucar.edu/hr/careers/uco.cfm?do=jobDetailExt&job_ID=1035. Initial consideration will be given to applications received prior to 5/16/2008. Thereafter, applica-tions will be reviewed on an as-needed basis. Apply online at www.ucar.edu (Reference job #8102EOS). We value diversity. AA/EOE

US Geological Survey Research Geophysicist, Geomagnetism Program. The US Geological Survey (USGS) announces the opening of a posi-tion of research geophysicist (GS-1313-12) to work within the Geomagnetism Program of the Central Region Geologic Hazards Team. The Geologic Haz-ards Team (GHT) conducts research in geophysics, geomagnetism, seismology, engineering seismol-ogy, geology, and geomechanics in order to assess geomagnetic hazards, seismic hazards and risk, and ground-failure hazards on regional, national, and international scales. The Geomagnetism Program (http://geomag.usgs.gov) is responsible for the operation of magnetic observatories, the collection and processing of data from these obser-vatories, and the analysis of geomagnetic data for purposes of research and practical application.

Applications are invited from all relevant scientific communities, including geophysics and space-physics. Successful applicants will have a broad knowledge of geomagnetism, geophysics, data analysis, mathematics, statistics, and computers in order to conduct scientific research and to develop operational diagnostic programs pertaining to rapid geomagnetic variations related to magnetic storms. Successful applicants will also have

experience in managing either a scientific project or transitioning research projects to operational environments, publishing scientific results in peer-reviewed journals, and communicating scientific results.

This is a two-year term position and it comes with an annual salary of $69,845.00/year. The position is located in Golden, Colorado, a suburb of Denver, and situated at the base of the Rocky Mountains. Announcement number CR-2008-0238, applications must be complete and submitted between the dates of March 18, 2008 to May 12, 2008. Informal inquiries: Jeffrey J. Love, jlove@usgs.gov 303-273-8540. Personnel Office contact: Carla Perez, cperez@usgs.gov 303-236-9564.

Complete qualification information and application procedures can be accessed online at http://www.usgs.gov/ohr/oars/ or http://www.usajobs.opm.gov/. U.S. citizenship is required.

The U.S. Geological Survey is an equal oppor-tunity employer.

Interdisciplinary/Other

Account Manager Earth Sciences Industry - North America. Definiens is the No. 1 Enterprise Image Intelligence Company. We enable organiza-tions involved in Earth Sciences to quickly extract accurate and reliable Geo information from any kind of remote sensing imagery. Enterprises and organizations all along the value chain: data providers, service providers and end users rely on Definiens to bridge the gap between Earth Observation and remote sensing on the one hand and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) on the other. By correlating image analysis with other geospatial information Definiens enables Earth Sciences organizations to generate, with minimum manual intervention, accurate GIS-ready information.

The Definiens Cognition Network Technology, developed by Nobel laureate Prof. Gerd Binnig and his team, is an advanced and robust context-based technology designed to fulfill the image analysis requirements of the Earth Sciences mar-ket. The technology is modeled on the powerful human cognitive perception processes to extract intelligence from images.

We are expanding our US Earth Imaging sector and are seeking a highly qualified and enthusi-astic individual like you, who is eager to actively drive Definiens’ growth. In this exciting role, you will be primarily responsible for selling our com-prehensive and award-winning software solutions into the Earth Sciences / Image Analysis market. Join us in our very inspiring and international working environment.

Duties Include:Plan and execute strategies to penetrate the •

Earth Sciences / Image Analysis market and man-age strategic accounts

Understand client needs •Develop an assigned sales territory and drive •

the sales process from lead generation to close of sale

Penetrate competitive accounts and commu- •nicate current market intelligence back to the organization

Expand customer base through revenue generating • activities in addition to growing and maintaining our existing customer base

Develop strategic relationships with both new •and existing customers; help defining their current and future technology needs

Work collaboratively with the business support •team to ensure timely implementation of customer solutions

Maintain and update opportunity data, forecasts •and contact information for your territory

Annual achievement of sales targets •Willingness to travel •

Qualifications:5+ years successful strategic sales experience in •

the Earth Sciences sectorMBA or advanced degree in related field •A profound understanding of technical/scientific •

problems in the Earth Sciences domainExcellent proficiency in written and spoken •

English Successful track record of exceeding sales targets •

Skills:Strong relationship building skills with both cus- •

tomers and co-workers Ability to communicate to and sell to executives •

up to C-Level and creatively discuss the market-place and technology

Proven successful track record in understanding •consultative, solutions selling paired with strong negotiation skills and superior presentation and communication skills as well as a strong sense of initiative

Demonstrated ability to lead, manage and moti- •vate teams; Must be a team player

Exceptional self-management and prioritization •skills

Ability to effectively manage sales cycles with •excellent follow through

Ability to work under pressure within tight •deadlines

Effectively able to prepare and maintain account •plans and conduct win/loss reviews

We Offer:A challenging position at the cutting edge of •

image analysis A highly motivated and qualified international •

team A stimulating, international environment •Excellent working conditions with comprehen- •

sive benefits and ongoing career and professional development

Send cover letter and CV to tmetzler@definiens.com

Company Website: www.definiens.com

Chief, Terrestrial and Cryospheric Sciences Branch. As Chief, Terrestrial and Cryospheric Sciences Branch is responsible for research, development and execution of terrain state char-acterizations and cryospheric sciences across a range of scales (i.e., predicting atmosphere-terrain or atmosphere-cryosphere interactions, micrometeorological modeling, terrain microscale

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processes, and climate variability impact on military operations and infrastructure). The Chief provides technical area leadership and program growth, builds teams, prioritizes resources, and maintains a positive, productive branch work environment. Develops long-range R&D plans and manages branch research execution to achieve lab strategic planning goals and objectives. Plans organizational effectiveness, market development, business effectiveness and human capital strate-gies necessary to achieve goals. Performs full range of supervisory duties.

How to apply: http://acpol.army.mil/employment/Salary: $65,315 - $119,314 AnnualOpening Date: April 14, 2008Closing Date: May 13, 2008

Faculty Positions Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison. The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Wisconsin-Madison invites applications for faculty positions in the following specific areas:

Sustainable water/geo environmentSustainable building design and infrastructure

constructionInformation on the Civil and Environmental

Engineering Department and the positions avail-able can be found at http://www.engr.wisc.edu/cee/.

Apply by May 15, 2008 to insure consideration. UW-Madison is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. We promote excellence through diversity and encourage all qualified individuals to apply.

Please submit application letter and CV elec-tronically, if possible. Send to: ceefacultysearch@engr.wisc.edu

Field Application Scientist in the Earth Sci-ences Industry - North America. Definiens is the No. 1 Enterprise Image Intelligence Company. We enable organizations involved in Earth Sci-ences to quickly extract accurate and reliable Geo information from any kind of remote sensing imagery. Enterprises and organizations all along the value chain: data providers, service providers and end users rely on Definiens to bridge the gap between Earth Observation and remote sensing on the one hand and Geographical Informa-tion Systems (GIS) on the other. By correlating image analysis with other geospatial information Definiens enables Earth Sciences organizations to generate, with minimum manual intervention, accurate GIS-ready information.

The Definiens Cognition Network Technology, developed by Nobel laureate Prof. Gerd Binnig and his team, is an advanced and robust context-based technology designed to fulfill the image analysis requirements of the Earth Sciences mar-ket. The technology is modeled on the powerful human cognitive perception processes to extract intelligence from images.

In this role you will represent Definiens’ tech-nological competence and excellence in the field of Earth Imaging and analysis. Join us in our very inspiring and international working environment.

Duties Include:Closely support Definiens’ sales activities •Onsite technology presentations for customers •Represent Definiens at trade fairs and conferences •Perform feasibility studies for specific customer •

problems Establish the ‘technology match’ between custome • r

problems and Definiens solutions Exchange customer feedback and requirements •

with the Services and Product Development departments at Definiens

Manage key accounts from the technical side •We Expect:

Very good presentation skills •Very good interpersonal communications skills •An interest in working with a new, innovative •

approach to image analysis The ability to figure out image analysis problems •

and enjoy developing the corresponding solutionsThe ability to discuss image analysis workflow •

and benefits in different scientific or diagnostic environments

Background in Earth Sciences •Experience with programming languages •Excellent proficiency in written and spoken •

English Readiness for traveling •Advanced degree in Earth Sciences or related •

disciplineSkills of Advantage:

Experience in Sales •Background in Earth imaging •

Background in image analysis •Background in computer programming or algorithm •

development We Offer:

A challenging and very interesting position in •Earth imaging and analysis

Internal training •A highly motivated and competent team •An international working environment •

Send cover letter and CV to tmetzler@definiens.com

Company Website: www.definiens.com

Gemological Institute of America (GIA) has Two Openings in its New York Laboratory for Research Laboratory Technicians. Duties and responsibilities include performing spectroscopic and chemical analysis of diamond and other gem materials, and contributing to related research projects. Qualified candidate must have a B.S. or M.S.; mineralogy or earth science background and computer skills preferred.

We offer competitive salaries, excellent ben-efits, pleasant working environment, and are com-mitted to workplace diversity. Please send your resume, cover letter and salary requirements to: nyrecruiter@gia.edu.

For more information about GIA please visit http://www.gia.edu. GIA is an EOE.

Geologists. BHE Environmental, Inc., an envi-ronmental consulting and engineering company providing services nationwide, has immediate openings in our Cincinnati office for junior to mid-level Geologists.

The ideal candidates will be motivated pro-fessionals with at least a BS/BA degree in geol-ogy and a minimum of three years related work experience. The Geologist will be involved with site investigations (monitoring well installation and soil and groundwater sampling, etc.), BUSTR/VAP/RCRA/RISC processes, remedial investiga-tions, data evaluation, technical writing, and other duties appropriate for the position.

For immediate consideration, send resume, salary history, and references to:

BHE Environmental, Inc.Human ResourcesEmail: cloyd@bheenvironmental.comwww.bheenvironmental.com

Instructor in Geology, Bowling Green State University. The Department of Geology at Bowl-ing Green State University seeks applications for a full-time, three-year (renewable) instructor position. The instructor position involves two distinctive components. First, the instructor will spend nine weeks off-campus participating in the entirely field-based interdisciplinary program, GeoJourney (www.geojourney.org). Second, the instructor will spend a typical 16-week aca-demic semester on-campus teaching classroom-based and online introductory geology courses. Preference will be given to candidates with a background in geoarchaeology. The successful candidate must have a masters degree or greater in the geosciences, archaeological sciences or related area. Experience teaching in the field is strongly preferred. Interested candidates should submit a curriculum vitae, a letter of application expressing what the candidate feels she/he would contribute to the GeoJourney program and the BGSU Department of Geology, and three letters of recommendation to: Dr. Sheila Roberts, Search Committee, Department of Geology, 190 Overman Hall, Bowling Green, OH 43403. Application dead-line is May 30, 2008. Electronic or Fax applications will be accepted, but originals must be submitted prior to hiring. Final Candidates will be asked to submit official transcripts.

BGSU is an AA/EEO employer/educator and welcomes applications from women, minorities, veterans, and persons with disabilities.

Joint Institute for Marine Observations (JIMO) Postdoctoral Scholar Program at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD - La Jolla, CA. JIMO is seeking applicants in general research areas of Oceans & Atmosphere, Biology and Geo-sciences. For more information or to apply visit http://jimo.ucsd.edu. EO/AA.

One Year Faculty Position, Williams College. The Geosciences Department at Williams College invites applications for a one-year visiting appoint-ment beginning in August 2008 for the Fall 2008 and Spring 2009 semesters. We seek a colleague in the broad area of climate science to teach an upper-level course in his or her specialty (Fall

2008), Climate Changes (200-level, Spring 2009), and to team-teach introductory courses in Global Warming and Natural Disasters (Fall 2008) and Environmental Science (Spring 2009).

The Geosciences Department is committed to providing excellent training for future geoscien-tists, as well as teaching earth science as part of a balanced liberal-arts education. The successful candidate must therefore demonstrate potential for excellent teaching as well as interest in under-graduate student research. Our facilities include a GIS-remote sensing lab, ICPMS, SEM, and environ-mental analysis lab. Further information about the Department can be found at http://www.williams.edu/Geoscience.

Applicants are expected to hold the Ph.D., but qualified ABDs will be considered. Review of applications begins immediately and will continue until the position is filled.

Please send a letter of application, which should include a statement of teaching and research philosophy, curriculum vitae, and contact information for three references, to Paul Karabinos, Chairman of Geosciences, Williams College, 947 Main Street, Williamstown MA 01267.

Postdoctoral Research in Sedimentary Basin Geomicrobiology at Amherst College. The Geology Department at Amherst College seeks a postdoctoral research assistant to focus on geomi-crobiological aspects of methanogenic activity in sedimentary basins. This two-year appointment, funded by a Gas Technology Institute grant, will commence in the summer of 2008. The scientist will work jointly with Professors Anna Martini at the environmental geochemistry laboratory at Amherst College and Steven Petsch at the bio-geochemistry laboratory at the University of Mas-sachusetts Amherst to investigate hydrocarbon biodegradation and methanogenesis in natural settings and laboratory incubations. Extensive field and laboratory work will be involved. The successful candidate will have expertise in micro-bial community analysis and anaerobic culturing techniques, and experience with aqueous and organic geochemical analytical techniques. Appointment is contingent on completion of a PhD in geomicrobiology or related fields. Review of applications will begin immediately and con-tinue until the position is filled. Amherst College is an equal opportunity employer and encourages women, persons of color and persons with dis-abilities to apply. Applicants should send a cover letter describing research interests, a current CV, PDFs of relevant publications, and names and contact information of three references to: Prof. A. M. Martini, Department of Geology, Box 2038, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002, or by email to ammartini@amherst.edu.

Postdoctoral Research Position. The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Postdoctoral Scholars Program at the Jet Propulsion Labora-tory (JPL) invites applications for a postdoctoral research position in the Planetary Science and Life Detection Section of JPL’s Science Division. The successful applicant will work with the Proj-ect Scientist for the planned Cassini Extended Mission to perform research and data analysis relevant to satellites of Saturn.

The research will involve tectonic and other geophysical modeling of processes relevant to the outer planet satellites, especially the icy satellites of Saturn. The Project Scientist for the planned Cassini Extended Mission, Dr. Robert Pappalardo, will serve as JPL postdoctoral advisor to the select-ed candidate. The appointee will be guided by the JPL advisor to ensure that the research work will result in publications in the open literature.

Candidates should have a recent Ph.D. in planetary science, geology, physics, or a related field with a strong background in geophysical research. Experience in tectonic modeling and/or research relevant to the outer planet satellites is highly desirable. The appointment is contin-gent upon evidence of completion of a Ph.D. The annual starting salary for a recent Ph.D. is US$52,000 and can vary somewhat according to the applicant’s qualifications. Postdoctoral schol-ars positions are awarded for a one-year period. Appointments may be renewed in one-year incre-ments for a maximum addition of two years. The appointments are expected to begin in July 2008.

Please send a letter describing your research interests, a curriculum vitae, and a list of three references (with telephone numbers and postal and e-mail addresses) to Dr. Robert Pappalardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA; E-mail: robert.pappalardo@jpl.nasa.gov. Consideration will begin immediately and continue until the position is filled. Caltech and JPL are equal opportunity/affirmative action employers. Women, minorities, veterans, and disabled persons are encouraged to apply.

Research Associate. The Hydrological Sciences Branch at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, MD seeks a land surface modeling and data assimilation specialist, to be hired through a university cooperative agree-ment. Duties will include 1) implementation and optimization of existing approaches for assimi-lating satellite observations into land surface models driven by NASA’s Land Information Sys-tem (LIS; http://lis.gsfc.nasa.gov/); 2) design and testing of algorithms for simulating groundwater storage and runoff in these models; 3) perform-ing specialized regional simulations; 4) hydrocli-matic analysis of results. For more information and to apply, please visit http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/hsb/. NASA and its university affiliates are EOE.

William E White Postdoctoral Scholarship in Geological Sciences and Geological Engi-neering, Queen’s University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering of Queen’s University, one of Canada’s premier earth-science departments, invites applications for its William E. White Postdoctoral Scholarship, created from a fund endowed by the estate of William E.White. The award will be made for one year and may be renewed for a second year. The annual stipend will be no less than $50,000.

The William E. White Postdoctoral Scholar-ship will be awarded to an outstanding scientist who has completed the Ph.D. degree, normally within the two-year period preceding the time of the appointment. The area of research is open, but the scholar’s research must be complemen-tary to that being pursued in the Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering. The research program to be undertaken and the level of support of research costs and mov-ing expenses will be negotiated with a faculty member at the time the award is made. Potential applicants may obtain an outline of current research interests on the Departmental website www.geol.queensu.ca and are strongly encour-aged to initiate contact with a potential faculty supervisor in advance of applying. Fit with the research interests of the Department and the research excellence of the candidate will be the primary considerations in the selection process. The Department invites applications from all qualified individuals. Queen’s University is com-mitted to employment equity and diversity in the workplace and welcomes applications from women, visible minorities, aboriginal people, persons with disabilities, and persons of any sex-ual orientation or gender identity. All qualified candidates are encouraged to apply; however, Canadian citizens and Permanent Residents will be given priority.

Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, a statement of research interests, and samples of research writing to the following address. Appli-cants should contact their referees and arrange for at least three confidential letters of reference to be sent to the address below. Review of complete applications will begin on August 1, 2008.

Professor R.W. DalrympleDepartment HeadDepartment of Geological Sciences and

Geological EngineeringQueen’s UniversityKingston, Ontario, CanadaK7L 3N6Fax: 613-533-6592zarichny@geol.queensu.ca

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STUDENT OPPORTUNITIES

MSc Earth System Science, University of Bristol, UK. This exciting new MSc explores the interdependence among physical, chemical and biological processes throughout Earth’s history, demonstrating how modelling tools and Earth observations are used together to understand past climate changes and inform predictions of possible futures. Now recruiting for October 2008 entry. Candidates must be strongly numerate with a good first degree in a relevant scientific discipline. For further information visit www.gly.bris.ac.uk/www/ESS/index.html

MSc or PhD Opportunities in Mantle Petrol-ogy, University of British Columbia. We invite applications for MSc and PhD students at the Uni-versity of British Columbia, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Vancouver, Canada begin-ning January 2009 or earlier. A number of fully-funded projects in petrology of diamond-bearing rocks and mineralogy of natural diamonds are available for students interested in addressing processes of diamond formation through the study of mineral and fluid inclusions in diamonds and petrology of diamondiferous xenoliths and volcanic rocks.

For further information contact Dr. Maya Kopylova, Associate Professor, EOS Dept, UBC,Phone: (604) 822-0865; E-mail: mkopylov@eos.ubc.ca; http://www.eos.ubc.ca/research/diamonds/

kopylova/

PhD Research Assistantships in Hydrology, Portland State University. We invite applica-tions for PhD research opportunities in the Depart-ment of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Portland State University. The positions are in the

Hydrology and Water Resources Group led by Prof. Hamid Moradkhani. Successful candidates will work on externally-funded research projects dealing with ensemble forecasting, data assimila-tion, uncertainty analysis, GIS and remote sensing applications in hydrology and impact assessment of climate change and variability to hydrology and water resources management. Portland State Uni-versity is located in downtown Portland, a vibrant community with proximity to several water agen-cies which provides the opportunities and conve-nience for effective interaction and collaboration. Faculty and students have the access to state-of-the-art research space with newly expanded hydrology and hydraulics laboratories. Applicants are expected to have strong analytical back-ground and computer skills. The preference will be given to those applicants who have experience in remote sensing/GIS. The positions include sti-pend, full tuition and health insurance. Applicants must send curriculum vitae, transcripts, a detail letter discussing research interests and goals, and the names and contact information of three refer-ences to Prof. Hamid Moradkhani (hamidm@cecs.pdx.edu). Electronic submission of all material in one PDF format file is required. Review of applica-tions will start immediately and continue until the positions are filled.

Postdoc/Research Associate Position in Hydropedology/Soil Hydrology and Hillslope/Catchment Hydrology. A highly-motivated indi-vidual is sought to join an interdisciplinary team to work on a NSF-funded project in establishing one of the first National Critical Zone Observatories in central Pennsylvania (the Shale Hills Observatory). The project will build upon an extensive existing database and utilize cutting-edge and innova-tive approaches to study interactive hydrologic and pedologic processes and landscape-soil-

hydrology-ecosystem relationships across space and time. In particular, this person will focus on the mapping, monitoring, and modeling (3M) of subsurface preferential flow networks and soil moisture spatial-temporal patterns across scales, and their impacts on regolith formation and chemical/nutrient cycling, through an integrated approach of soil-landscape modeling, advanced hydrometry, hydrogeophysical investigations, and tracer studies. Skills in wireless sensor network are helpful. Additional skills and experience in soil hydrology instrumentation and field survey/mapping of landscape-soil-water-ecosystem are desirable as are skills and experience in geospa-tial technologies, spatial-temporal statistics, land-scape hydropedology, and hillslope/catchment hydrology. Ability to publish quality research results in scholarly journals and contributions to grant proposals are expected. Applicants must have a strong interest in fundamental process-oriented research, enjoy field data collections using various sensors and tracers, and be skillful in quantitative modeling. Applicants should have a Ph.D. in soil science (particularly soil physics/hydrology and pedology), or hydrology (espe-cially hillslope and watershed hydrology), or geo-sciences (including geophysics, geomorphology and hydrogeochemistry), or a related discipline. This position is also open to those who have a MS degree and have interest in pursuing a Ph.D. in relevant areas. Demonstrated excellence in technical, oral, written, and interpersonal com-munication skills is expected.

Consideration of candidates will start imme-diately and will continue until a qualified candi-date is appointed. Initial appointment is twelve months and can be started immediately (starting date negotiable). The position is renewable for

a total of 3 years contingent upon satisfactory performance and fund availability. Salary is commensurate with experience and complies with the Penn State guidelines. If interested, please email a curriculum vitae (including list of publications), names and addresses (email and phone) of three references, a one-page statement of research interests and long-term goals, and a copy of academic transcripts to: Dr. Henry Lin at henrylin@psu.edu, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 116 ASI Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. For more information, please visit http://hydropedology.psu.edu/.

SERVICES, SUPPLIES, COURSES, & ANNOUNCEMENTS

Apply Now to Participate in the Online Workshop on Earth Science Literacy, May 12-24, 2008. http://www.earthscienceliteracy.org An NSF-funded workshop is being organized to develop a document, with primary input from the research community, that outlines the essen-tial knowledge that all Americans need to know about the geosciences and complements existing frameworks for oceanic and atmospheric science literacy.

All members of the Earth science community •are invited to apply.

Though the workshop lasts 2 weeks, requested •participation would be no more than an hour per day, from anywhere around the world, through an asynchronous online environment.

A draft document will be available for public •comment in the early fall.

For additional information and to apply, go to •http://www.earthscienceliteracy.org.

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